Twin study of the etiology of comorbidity between reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Willcutt, E G, Pennington, B F, & DeFries, J C American Journal of Medical Genetics, 96(3):293–301, 2000. ![Twin study of the etiology of comorbidity between reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex This study utilized a sample of 313 eight- to sixteen-year-old same-sex twin pairs (183 monozygotic, 130 dizygotic) to assess the etiology of comorbidity between reading disability (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). RD was assessed by a discriminant function score based on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test, a standardized measure of academic achievement. The DSM-III version of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents was used to assess symptoms of ADHD, and separate factor scores were computed for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (hyp/imp). Individuals with RD were significantly more likely than individuals without RD to exhibit elevations on both symptom dimensions, but the difference was larger for inattention than hyp/imp. Behavior genetic analyses indicated that the bivariate heritability of RD and inattention was significant (h(2)(g(RD/Inatt)) = 0.39), whereas the bivariate heritability of RD and hyp/imp was minimal and nonsignificant (h(2)(g(RD/Hyp)) = 0.05). Approximately 95% of the phenotypic covariance between RD and symptoms of inattention was attributable to common genetic influences, whereas only 21% of the phenotypic overlap between RD and hyp/imp was due to the same genetic factors.
@article{willcutt_twin_2000,
title = {Twin study of the etiology of comorbidity between reading disability and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
volume = {96},
issn = {01487299},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898903},
doi = {10.1002/1096-8628(20000612)96:3<293::AID-AJMG12>3.0.CO;2-C},
abstract = {This study utilized a sample of 313 eight- to sixteen-year-old same-sex twin pairs (183 monozygotic, 130 dizygotic) to assess the etiology of comorbidity between reading disability (RD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). RD was assessed by a discriminant function score based on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test, a standardized measure of academic achievement. The DSM-III version of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents was used to assess symptoms of ADHD, and separate factor scores were computed for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (hyp/imp). Individuals with RD were significantly more likely than individuals without RD to exhibit elevations on both symptom dimensions, but the difference was larger for inattention than hyp/imp. Behavior genetic analyses indicated that the bivariate heritability of RD and inattention was significant (h(2)(g(RD/Inatt)) = 0.39), whereas the bivariate heritability of RD and hyp/imp was minimal and nonsignificant (h(2)(g(RD/Hyp)) = 0.05). Approximately 95\% of the phenotypic covariance between RD and symptoms of inattention was attributable to common genetic influences, whereas only 21\% of the phenotypic overlap between RD and hyp/imp was due to the same genetic factors.},
number = {3},
journal = {American Journal of Medical Genetics},
author = {Willcutt, E G and Pennington, B F and DeFries, J C},
year = {2000},
pmid = {10898903},
keywords = {adolescent, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity com, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity gen, child, comorbidity, diseases twins, dizygotic, dyslexia, dyslexia complications, dyslexia genetics, female, genotype, humans, male, monozygotic, regression analysis, statistics topic, twins},
pages = {293--301},
}
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The DSM-III version of the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents was used to assess symptoms of ADHD, and separate factor scores were computed for inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity (hyp/imp). Individuals with RD were significantly more likely than individuals without RD to exhibit elevations on both symptom dimensions, but the difference was larger for inattention than hyp/imp. Behavior genetic analyses indicated that the bivariate heritability of RD and inattention was significant (h(2)(g(RD/Inatt)) = 0.39), whereas the bivariate heritability of RD and hyp/imp was minimal and nonsignificant (h(2)(g(RD/Hyp)) = 0.05). 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