OctoMap: A probabilistic, flexible, and compact 3D map representation for robotic systems. Wurm, K., M., Hornung, A., Bennewitz, M., Stachniss, C., & Burgard, W. In In Proc. of the ICRA 2010 workshop, 2010.
OctoMap: A probabilistic, flexible, and compact 3D map representation for robotic systems [pdf]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Abstract—In this paper, we present an approach for modeling 3D environments based on octrees using a probabilistic occupancy estimation. Our technique is able to represent full 3D models including free and unknown areas. It is available as an open-source library to facilitate the development of 3D mapping systems. We also provide a detailed review of existing approaches to 3D modeling. Our approach was thoroughly evaluated using different real-world and simulated datasets. The results demonstrate that our approach is able to model the data probabilistically while, at the same time, keeping the memory requirement at a minimum. I.

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