@article{xie_rac-chain_2023,
	title = {{RAC}-{Chain}: {An} {Asynchronous} {Consensus}-{Based} {Cross}-{Chain} {Approach} to {Scalable} {Blockchain} for {Metaverse}},
	issn = {1551-6857},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3586011},
	doi = {10.1145/3586011},
	abstract = {The metaverse, as an emerging technical term, conceptually aims to construct a virtual digital space that runs parallel to the physical world. Due to humans behaviors and interactions are represented in the virtual world, security in metaverse is a challenging issue in which traditional centralized service model is one of the threat sources. In order to conquer the obstacle caused by centralized computing, blockchain-based solutions are potential problem-solving methods. However, it is difficult for a single blockchain to support large-scale data and business services in the metaverse, due to the scalability restrictions. Moreover, multi-chain settings also encounter the interoperability issues. In this work, we propose a Relay chain and Asynchronous consensus-based Consortium blockchain cross-Chain (RAC-Chain) model, which realizes message transmission and cross-chain transactions in multiple chains by adopting the relay chain and cross-chain gateways. All nodes of the application chains and the relay chain execute cross-chain transactions in sequence and reach a consensus on transactions at any transmission delay. Our experiment evaluations demonstrate that our approach performs well in atomicity, security, and functionality (cross-chain transactions), such that the performance of blockchain scalability in metaverse can be improved, comparing with the traditional relay chain schemes.},
	journal = {ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl.},
	author = {Xie, Tianxiu and Gai, Keke and Zhu, Liehuang and Wang, Shuo and Zhang, Zijian},
	month = mar,
	year = {2023},
	note = {Place: New York, NY, USA
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery},
	keywords = {asynchronous consensus, blockchain interoperability, blockchain scalability, cross-chain technology, relay chain},
}

{"_id":"L55NrkHXmxf7e43vg","bibbaseid":"xie-gai-zhu-wang-zhang-racchainanasynchronousconsensusbasedcrosschainapproachtoscalableblockchainformetaverse-2023","author_short":["Xie, T.","Gai, K.","Zhu, L.","Wang, S.","Zhang, Z."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"RAC-Chain: An Asynchronous Consensus-Based Cross-Chain Approach to Scalable Blockchain for Metaverse","issn":"1551-6857","url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3586011","doi":"10.1145/3586011","abstract":"The metaverse, as an emerging technical term, conceptually aims to construct a virtual digital space that runs parallel to the physical world. Due to humans behaviors and interactions are represented in the virtual world, security in metaverse is a challenging issue in which traditional centralized service model is one of the threat sources. In order to conquer the obstacle caused by centralized computing, blockchain-based solutions are potential problem-solving methods. However, it is difficult for a single blockchain to support large-scale data and business services in the metaverse, due to the scalability restrictions. Moreover, multi-chain settings also encounter the interoperability issues. In this work, we propose a Relay chain and Asynchronous consensus-based Consortium blockchain cross-Chain (RAC-Chain) model, which realizes message transmission and cross-chain transactions in multiple chains by adopting the relay chain and cross-chain gateways. All nodes of the application chains and the relay chain execute cross-chain transactions in sequence and reach a consensus on transactions at any transmission delay. Our experiment evaluations demonstrate that our approach performs well in atomicity, security, and functionality (cross-chain transactions), such that the performance of blockchain scalability in metaverse can be improved, comparing with the traditional relay chain schemes.","journal":"ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. Appl.","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Xie"],"firstnames":["Tianxiu"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Gai"],"firstnames":["Keke"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhu"],"firstnames":["Liehuang"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wang"],"firstnames":["Shuo"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhang"],"firstnames":["Zijian"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"March","year":"2023","note":"Place: New York, NY, USA Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery","keywords":"asynchronous consensus, blockchain interoperability, blockchain scalability, cross-chain technology, relay chain","bibtex":"@article{xie_rac-chain_2023,\n\ttitle = {{RAC}-{Chain}: {An} {Asynchronous} {Consensus}-{Based} {Cross}-{Chain} {Approach} to {Scalable} {Blockchain} for {Metaverse}},\n\tissn = {1551-6857},\n\turl = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3586011},\n\tdoi = {10.1145/3586011},\n\tabstract = {The metaverse, as an emerging technical term, conceptually aims to construct a virtual digital space that runs parallel to the physical world. Due to humans behaviors and interactions are represented in the virtual world, security in metaverse is a challenging issue in which traditional centralized service model is one of the threat sources. In order to conquer the obstacle caused by centralized computing, blockchain-based solutions are potential problem-solving methods. However, it is difficult for a single blockchain to support large-scale data and business services in the metaverse, due to the scalability restrictions. Moreover, multi-chain settings also encounter the interoperability issues. In this work, we propose a Relay chain and Asynchronous consensus-based Consortium blockchain cross-Chain (RAC-Chain) model, which realizes message transmission and cross-chain transactions in multiple chains by adopting the relay chain and cross-chain gateways. All nodes of the application chains and the relay chain execute cross-chain transactions in sequence and reach a consensus on transactions at any transmission delay. Our experiment evaluations demonstrate that our approach performs well in atomicity, security, and functionality (cross-chain transactions), such that the performance of blockchain scalability in metaverse can be improved, comparing with the traditional relay chain schemes.},\n\tjournal = {ACM Trans. Multimedia Comput. Commun. 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