@article{xiong_effects_1999,
	title = {The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis},
	volume = {87},
	issn = {1365-2745},
	shorttitle = {The effects of plant litter on vegetation},
	url = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x},
	doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x},
	abstract = {1 We used data from 35 independently published studies world-wide to analyse the effects of plant litter on the germination, establishment, species richness and above-ground biomass of plants. Overall, the short-term effects of litter on vegetation were mostly negative, although their magnitude varied with vegetation variable, study method, experimental duration, latitude, habitat, type and quantity of litter and target species. 2 Species richness was more affected than above-ground biomass by litter, suggesting that litter may play a direct role in structuring plant communities as well as influencing competition in productive habitats. Litter had a stronger overall effect on plant germination than on establishment, suggesting that a litter-reducing disturbance will have more effect early in the growth season. 3 On average, vegetation was more affected by litter in field than in glasshouse studies and during 2-year than during 1-year studies. The effect on biomass switched from negative after 1 year to positive after 3 years. 4 The absolute effects of litter on germination and establishment decreased and the absolute effects on above-ground biomass increased with latitude. Ecosystem type also influenced the effects significantly. 5 Vegetation was generally more depressed by higher litter quantities. Litter composed of forbs and tree leaves had a stronger effect on vegetation than grass litter. The impact of a certain type of litter may therefore be related to its decomposition rate. 6 Tree species were more affected than forbs and grasses by litter, at least at the colonization stage.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2019-03-27},
	journal = {Journal of Ecology},
	author = {Xiong, Shaojun and Nilsson, Christer},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {\#nosource, above-ground biomass, ecosystem type, effect size, litter type and quantity, plant establishment, seed germination, species richness, study method and duration, target species},
	pages = {984--994},
}

{"_id":"RRjaA862zyKmjkhCb","bibbaseid":"xiong-nilsson-theeffectsofplantlitteronvegetationametaanalysis-1999","author_short":["Xiong, S.","Nilsson, C."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis","volume":"87","issn":"1365-2745","shorttitle":"The effects of plant litter on vegetation","url":"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x","abstract":"1 We used data from 35 independently published studies world-wide to analyse the effects of plant litter on the germination, establishment, species richness and above-ground biomass of plants. Overall, the short-term effects of litter on vegetation were mostly negative, although their magnitude varied with vegetation variable, study method, experimental duration, latitude, habitat, type and quantity of litter and target species. 2 Species richness was more affected than above-ground biomass by litter, suggesting that litter may play a direct role in structuring plant communities as well as influencing competition in productive habitats. Litter had a stronger overall effect on plant germination than on establishment, suggesting that a litter-reducing disturbance will have more effect early in the growth season. 3 On average, vegetation was more affected by litter in field than in glasshouse studies and during 2-year than during 1-year studies. The effect on biomass switched from negative after 1 year to positive after 3 years. 4 The absolute effects of litter on germination and establishment decreased and the absolute effects on above-ground biomass increased with latitude. Ecosystem type also influenced the effects significantly. 5 Vegetation was generally more depressed by higher litter quantities. Litter composed of forbs and tree leaves had a stronger effect on vegetation than grass litter. The impact of a certain type of litter may therefore be related to its decomposition rate. 6 Tree species were more affected than forbs and grasses by litter, at least at the colonization stage.","language":"en","number":"6","urldate":"2019-03-27","journal":"Journal of Ecology","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Xiong"],"firstnames":["Shaojun"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Nilsson"],"firstnames":["Christer"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"1999","keywords":"#nosource, above-ground biomass, ecosystem type, effect size, litter type and quantity, plant establishment, seed germination, species richness, study method and duration, target species","pages":"984–994","bibtex":"@article{xiong_effects_1999,\n\ttitle = {The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis},\n\tvolume = {87},\n\tissn = {1365-2745},\n\tshorttitle = {The effects of plant litter on vegetation},\n\turl = {https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x},\n\tdoi = {10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x},\n\tabstract = {1 We used data from 35 independently published studies world-wide to analyse the effects of plant litter on the germination, establishment, species richness and above-ground biomass of plants. Overall, the short-term effects of litter on vegetation were mostly negative, although their magnitude varied with vegetation variable, study method, experimental duration, latitude, habitat, type and quantity of litter and target species. 2 Species richness was more affected than above-ground biomass by litter, suggesting that litter may play a direct role in structuring plant communities as well as influencing competition in productive habitats. Litter had a stronger overall effect on plant germination than on establishment, suggesting that a litter-reducing disturbance will have more effect early in the growth season. 3 On average, vegetation was more affected by litter in field than in glasshouse studies and during 2-year than during 1-year studies. The effect on biomass switched from negative after 1 year to positive after 3 years. 4 The absolute effects of litter on germination and establishment decreased and the absolute effects on above-ground biomass increased with latitude. Ecosystem type also influenced the effects significantly. 5 Vegetation was generally more depressed by higher litter quantities. Litter composed of forbs and tree leaves had a stronger effect on vegetation than grass litter. The impact of a certain type of litter may therefore be related to its decomposition rate. 6 Tree species were more affected than forbs and grasses by litter, at least at the colonization stage.},\n\tlanguage = {en},\n\tnumber = {6},\n\turldate = {2019-03-27},\n\tjournal = {Journal of Ecology},\n\tauthor = {Xiong, Shaojun and Nilsson, Christer},\n\tyear = {1999},\n\tkeywords = {\\#nosource, above-ground biomass, ecosystem type, effect size, litter type and quantity, plant establishment, seed germination, species richness, study method and duration, target species},\n\tpages = {984--994},\n}\n\n\n\n","author_short":["Xiong, S.","Nilsson, C."],"key":"xiong_effects_1999","id":"xiong_effects_1999","bibbaseid":"xiong-nilsson-theeffectsofplantlitteronvegetationametaanalysis-1999","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00414.x"},"keyword":["#nosource","above-ground biomass","ecosystem type","effect size","litter type and quantity","plant establishment","seed germination","species richness","study method and duration","target species"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/circ-publications","dataSources":["nbqZWNnSmJwdJFEEB","Mdrhvw5KhxFbTbWoS"],"keywords":["#nosource","above-ground biomass","ecosystem type","effect size","litter type and quantity","plant establishment","seed germination","species richness","study method and duration","target species"],"search_terms":["effects","plant","litter","vegetation","meta","analysis","xiong","nilsson"],"title":"The effects of plant litter on vegetation: a meta-analysis","year":1999}