Neocortical somatostatin-expressing GABAergic interneurons disinhibit the thalamorecipient layer 4. Xu, H., Jeong, H., Tremblay, R., & Rudy, B. Neuron, 77:155–167, 2013.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Subtypes of GABAergic interneurons (INs) are crucial for cortical function, yet their specific roles are largely unknown. In contrast to supra- and infragranular layers, where most somatostatin-expressing (SOM) INs are layer 1-targeting Martinotti cells, the axons of SOM INs in layer 4 of somatosensory cortex largely remain within layer 4. Moreover, we found that whereas layers 2/3 SOM INs target mainly pyramidal cells (PCs), layer 4 SOM INs target mainly fast-spiking (FS) INs. Accordingly, optogenetic inhibition of SOM INs in an active cortical network increases the firing of layers 2/3 PCs whereas it decreases the firing of layer 4 principal neurons (PNs). This unexpected effect of SOM INs on layer 4 PNs occurs via their inhibition of local FS INs. These results reveal a disinhibitory microcircuit in the thalamorecipient layer through interactions among subtypes of INs and suggest that the SOM IN-mediated disinhibition represents an important circuit mechanism for cortical information processing.
@Article{Xu2013,
  author          = {Xu, Han and Jeong, Hyo-Young and Tremblay, Robin and Rudy, Bernardo},
  journal         = {Neuron},
  title           = {Neocortical somatostatin-expressing GABAergic interneurons disinhibit the thalamorecipient layer 4.},
  year            = {2013},
  issn            = {1097-4199},
  pages           = {155--167},
  volume          = {77},
  abstract        = {Subtypes of GABAergic interneurons (INs) are crucial for cortical function, yet their specific roles are largely unknown. In contrast to supra- and infragranular layers, where most somatostatin-expressing (SOM) INs are layer 1-targeting Martinotti cells, the axons of SOM INs in layer 4 of somatosensory cortex largely remain within layer 4. Moreover, we found that whereas layers 2/3 SOM INs target mainly pyramidal cells (PCs), layer 4 SOM INs target mainly fast-spiking (FS) INs. Accordingly, optogenetic inhibition of SOM INs in an active cortical network increases the firing of layers 2/3 PCs whereas it decreases the firing of layer 4 principal neurons (PNs). This unexpected effect of SOM INs on layer 4 PNs occurs via their inhibition of local FS INs. These results reveal a disinhibitory microcircuit in the thalamorecipient layer through interactions among subtypes of INs and suggest that the SOM IN-mediated disinhibition represents an important circuit mechanism for cortical information processing.},
  chemicals       = {Somatostatin},
  citation-subset = {IM},
  completed       = {2013-03-05},
  country         = {United States},
  created         = {2013-01-14},
  doi             = {10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.004},
  issn-linking    = {0896-6273},
  issue           = {1},
  keywords        = {Action Potentials, physiology; Animals; Animals, Newborn; GABAergic Neurons, physiology; Gene Expression Regulation; Interneurons, metabolism; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neocortex, cytology, metabolism; Neural Inhibition, genetics; Somatostatin, biosynthesis, genetics; Thalamus, metabolism},
  mid             = {NIHMS431792},
  nlm             = {PMC3556168},
  nlm-id          = {8809320},
  pmc             = {PMC3556168},
  pmid            = {23312523},
  pubmodel        = {Print},
  revised         = {2016-10-19},
}

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