Twenty-Year Trends in Diagnosed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents, 1997-2016. Xu, G., Strathearn, L., Liu, B., Yang, B., & Bao, W. JAMA Network Open, 1(4):e181471, August, 2018. ![Twenty-Year Trends in Diagnosed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents, 1997-2016 [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Importance Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in US children and adolescents. It is important to understand the most recent prevalence of ADHD and its long-term trends over the past decades. Objective To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD and 20-year trends from 1997 to 2016 among US children and adolescents using nationally representative data. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based, cross-sectional survey study (National Health Interview Survey), surveys were conducted annually from 1997 to 2016. A total of 186 457 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from 1997 to 2016 were included in this analysis. Data were collected through in-person household interviews with a parent or guardian. The data analysis was performed in January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed by a physician or other health care professional. Results Among the included 186 457 children and adolescents (96 017 boys [51.5%], 51 350 Hispanic [27.5%], 91 374 non-Hispanic white [49.0%], 28 808 non-Hispanic black [15.5%], 14 925 non-Hispanic other race [8.0%]), 14 704 children and adolescents (7.9%; 10 536 boys [71.7%], 2497 Hispanic [17.0%], 9010 non-Hispanic white [61.3%], 2328 non-Hispanic black [15.8%], and 869 non-Hispanic other race [5.9%]) were reported to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD. The weighted prevalence of diagnosed ADHD was 10.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-10.8%) in 2015-2016. There were significant sex and racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD. The prevalence was 14.0% (95% CI, 13.1%-15.0%) in boys and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.6%-7.0%) in girls, 6.1% (95% CI, 5.2%-7.0%) in Hispanic individuals, 12.0% (95% CI, 11.1%-12.9%) in non-Hispanic white individuals, and 12.8% (95% CI, 11.0%-14.5%) in non-Hispanic black individuals. Over the 20-year period, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in US children and adolescents increased from 6.1% in 1997-1998 to 10.2% in 2015-2016 (P for trend \textless.001). All subgroups by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and geographic regions showed a significant increase in the prevalence from 1997-1998 to 2015-2016. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that among US children and adolescents, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD increased significantly between 1997-1998 and 2015-2016. This study suggests that additional research is needed to better understand the cause of this apparent rise in prevalence.
@article{xu_twenty-year_2018,
title = {Twenty-{Year} {Trends} in {Diagnosed} {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder} {Among} {US} {Children} and {Adolescents}, 1997-2016},
volume = {1},
issn = {2574-3805},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30646132},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1471},
abstract = {Importance Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in US children and adolescents. It is important to understand the most recent prevalence of ADHD and its long-term trends over the past decades. Objective To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD and 20-year trends from 1997 to 2016 among US children and adolescents using nationally representative data. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based, cross-sectional survey study (National Health Interview Survey), surveys were conducted annually from 1997 to 2016. A total of 186 457 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from 1997 to 2016 were included in this analysis. Data were collected through in-person household interviews with a parent or guardian. The data analysis was performed in January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed by a physician or other health care professional. Results Among the included 186 457 children and adolescents (96 017 boys [51.5\%], 51 350 Hispanic [27.5\%], 91 374 non-Hispanic white [49.0\%], 28 808 non-Hispanic black [15.5\%], 14 925 non-Hispanic other race [8.0\%]), 14 704 children and adolescents (7.9\%; 10 536 boys [71.7\%], 2497 Hispanic [17.0\%], 9010 non-Hispanic white [61.3\%], 2328 non-Hispanic black [15.8\%], and 869 non-Hispanic other race [5.9\%]) were reported to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD. The weighted prevalence of diagnosed ADHD was 10.2\% (95\% CI, 9.6\%-10.8\%) in 2015-2016. There were significant sex and racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD. The prevalence was 14.0\% (95\% CI, 13.1\%-15.0\%) in boys and 6.3\% (95\% CI, 5.6\%-7.0\%) in girls, 6.1\% (95\% CI, 5.2\%-7.0\%) in Hispanic individuals, 12.0\% (95\% CI, 11.1\%-12.9\%) in non-Hispanic white individuals, and 12.8\% (95\% CI, 11.0\%-14.5\%) in non-Hispanic black individuals. Over the 20-year period, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in US children and adolescents increased from 6.1\% in 1997-1998 to 10.2\% in 2015-2016 (P for trend {\textless}.001). All subgroups by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and geographic regions showed a significant increase in the prevalence from 1997-1998 to 2015-2016. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that among US children and adolescents, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD increased significantly between 1997-1998 and 2015-2016. This study suggests that additional research is needed to better understand the cause of this apparent rise in prevalence.},
number = {4},
urldate = {2019-01-24},
journal = {JAMA Network Open},
author = {Xu, Guifeng and Strathearn, Lane and Liu, Buyun and Yang, Binrang and Bao, Wei},
month = aug,
year = {2018},
pmid = {30646132},
pages = {e181471},
}
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{"_id":"wTJhv3K6TNC7nmuwy","bibbaseid":"xu-strathearn-liu-yang-bao-twentyyeartrendsindiagnosedattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderamonguschildrenandadolescents19972016-2018","author_short":["Xu, G.","Strathearn, L.","Liu, B.","Yang, B.","Bao, W."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Twenty-Year Trends in Diagnosed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents, 1997-2016","volume":"1","issn":"2574-3805","url":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30646132","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1471","abstract":"Importance Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in US children and adolescents. It is important to understand the most recent prevalence of ADHD and its long-term trends over the past decades. Objective To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD and 20-year trends from 1997 to 2016 among US children and adolescents using nationally representative data. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based, cross-sectional survey study (National Health Interview Survey), surveys were conducted annually from 1997 to 2016. A total of 186 457 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from 1997 to 2016 were included in this analysis. Data were collected through in-person household interviews with a parent or guardian. The data analysis was performed in January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed by a physician or other health care professional. Results Among the included 186 457 children and adolescents (96 017 boys [51.5%], 51 350 Hispanic [27.5%], 91 374 non-Hispanic white [49.0%], 28 808 non-Hispanic black [15.5%], 14 925 non-Hispanic other race [8.0%]), 14 704 children and adolescents (7.9%; 10 536 boys [71.7%], 2497 Hispanic [17.0%], 9010 non-Hispanic white [61.3%], 2328 non-Hispanic black [15.8%], and 869 non-Hispanic other race [5.9%]) were reported to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD. The weighted prevalence of diagnosed ADHD was 10.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-10.8%) in 2015-2016. There were significant sex and racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD. The prevalence was 14.0% (95% CI, 13.1%-15.0%) in boys and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.6%-7.0%) in girls, 6.1% (95% CI, 5.2%-7.0%) in Hispanic individuals, 12.0% (95% CI, 11.1%-12.9%) in non-Hispanic white individuals, and 12.8% (95% CI, 11.0%-14.5%) in non-Hispanic black individuals. Over the 20-year period, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in US children and adolescents increased from 6.1% in 1997-1998 to 10.2% in 2015-2016 (P for trend \\textless.001). All subgroups by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and geographic regions showed a significant increase in the prevalence from 1997-1998 to 2015-2016. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that among US children and adolescents, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD increased significantly between 1997-1998 and 2015-2016. This study suggests that additional research is needed to better understand the cause of this apparent rise in prevalence.","number":"4","urldate":"2019-01-24","journal":"JAMA Network Open","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Xu"],"firstnames":["Guifeng"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Strathearn"],"firstnames":["Lane"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Liu"],"firstnames":["Buyun"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Yang"],"firstnames":["Binrang"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bao"],"firstnames":["Wei"],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"August","year":"2018","pmid":"30646132","pages":"e181471","bibtex":"@article{xu_twenty-year_2018,\n\ttitle = {Twenty-{Year} {Trends} in {Diagnosed} {Attention}-{Deficit}/{Hyperactivity} {Disorder} {Among} {US} {Children} and {Adolescents}, 1997-2016},\n\tvolume = {1},\n\tissn = {2574-3805},\n\turl = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30646132},\n\tdoi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1471},\n\tabstract = {Importance Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in US children and adolescents. It is important to understand the most recent prevalence of ADHD and its long-term trends over the past decades. Objective To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD and 20-year trends from 1997 to 2016 among US children and adolescents using nationally representative data. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based, cross-sectional survey study (National Health Interview Survey), surveys were conducted annually from 1997 to 2016. A total of 186 457 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from 1997 to 2016 were included in this analysis. Data were collected through in-person household interviews with a parent or guardian. The data analysis was performed in January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed by a physician or other health care professional. Results Among the included 186 457 children and adolescents (96 017 boys [51.5\\%], 51 350 Hispanic [27.5\\%], 91 374 non-Hispanic white [49.0\\%], 28 808 non-Hispanic black [15.5\\%], 14 925 non-Hispanic other race [8.0\\%]), 14 704 children and adolescents (7.9\\%; 10 536 boys [71.7\\%], 2497 Hispanic [17.0\\%], 9010 non-Hispanic white [61.3\\%], 2328 non-Hispanic black [15.8\\%], and 869 non-Hispanic other race [5.9\\%]) were reported to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD. The weighted prevalence of diagnosed ADHD was 10.2\\% (95\\% CI, 9.6\\%-10.8\\%) in 2015-2016. There were significant sex and racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD. The prevalence was 14.0\\% (95\\% CI, 13.1\\%-15.0\\%) in boys and 6.3\\% (95\\% CI, 5.6\\%-7.0\\%) in girls, 6.1\\% (95\\% CI, 5.2\\%-7.0\\%) in Hispanic individuals, 12.0\\% (95\\% CI, 11.1\\%-12.9\\%) in non-Hispanic white individuals, and 12.8\\% (95\\% CI, 11.0\\%-14.5\\%) in non-Hispanic black individuals. Over the 20-year period, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in US children and adolescents increased from 6.1\\% in 1997-1998 to 10.2\\% in 2015-2016 (P for trend {\\textless}.001). All subgroups by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and geographic regions showed a significant increase in the prevalence from 1997-1998 to 2015-2016. Conclusions and Relevance This study's findings suggest that among US children and adolescents, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD increased significantly between 1997-1998 and 2015-2016. This study suggests that additional research is needed to better understand the cause of this apparent rise in prevalence.},\n\tnumber = {4},\n\turldate = {2019-01-24},\n\tjournal = {JAMA Network Open},\n\tauthor = {Xu, Guifeng and Strathearn, Lane and Liu, Buyun and Yang, Binrang and Bao, Wei},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2018},\n\tpmid = {30646132},\n\tpages = {e181471},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Xu, G.","Strathearn, L.","Liu, B.","Yang, B.","Bao, W."],"key":"xu_twenty-year_2018","id":"xu_twenty-year_2018","bibbaseid":"xu-strathearn-liu-yang-bao-twentyyeartrendsindiagnosedattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderamonguschildrenandadolescents19972016-2018","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30646132"},"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}},"html":""},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"https://bibbase.org/zotero/asrommel","dataSources":["J8fbWsdsy3xAaB3pX"],"keywords":[],"search_terms":["twenty","year","trends","diagnosed","attention","deficit","hyperactivity","disorder","children","adolescents","1997","2016","xu","strathearn","liu","yang","bao"],"title":"Twenty-Year Trends in Diagnosed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents, 1997-2016","year":2018}