Spatial and temporal variations in criteria air pollutants in three typical terrain regions in Shaanxi, China, during 2015

Spatial and temporal variations in criteria air pollutants in three typical terrain regions in Shaanxi, China, during 2015. Xu, Y., Ying, Q., Hu, J., Gao, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, D., & Zhang, H. AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH, 11(1):95-109, SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG, GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND, JAN, 2018.
doi abstract bibtex

Numerous studies have investigated air pollution in severely polluted plains, but the characteristics of pollutants are not well understood in other terrain regions. In this study, air pollution characteristics were analyzed in three typical terrain regions (plateau, plain, and mountain regions) in Shaanxi, based on hourly ambient monitoring of particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and less than 10 mu m (PM10), CO, SO2, NO2, and O-3 in 2015. PM2.5 and PM10 were the dominant pollutants in three regions, and their annual concentrations exceeded the Grade II standards by 9.4-68.6 and 6.0-73.9%, respectively. PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, and NO2 concentrations had similar seasonal trends with highest values in winter and lowest values in summer, whereas O-3 concentrations exhibited the opposite trend. Guanzhong Plain had higher PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations but lower CO, 1-h peak O-3, and 8-h peak O-3 (8 h-O-3) compared to other regions. PM2.5, PM10, and 8 h-O-3 were the three main dominant pollutants. The nonattainment rate was highest in winter and lowest in summer or autumn. Pollution also exhibited synergy, especially in the plateau region and Guanzhong Plain. PM2.5 was significantly correlated with PM10. NO2 and SO2 were positively correlated with PM2.5 and PM10, while 8 h-O-3 generally had significant negative correlations with other pollutants, especially in the winter. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of pollution status in the three typical terrain regions in Shaanxi and are helpful for improving air quality.

@article{ WOS:000422939300010,
Author = {Xu, Yong and Ying, Qi and Hu, Jianlin and Gao, Yuan and Yang, Yang and
   Wang, Dexiang and Zhang, Hongliang},
Title = {{Spatial and temporal variations in criteria air pollutants in three
   typical terrain regions in Shaanxi, China, during 2015}},
Journal = {{AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH}},
Year = {{2018}},
Volume = {{11}},
Number = {{1}},
Pages = {{95-109}},
Month = {{JAN}},
Abstract = {{Numerous studies have investigated air pollution in severely polluted
   plains, but the characteristics of pollutants are not well understood in
   other terrain regions. In this study, air pollution characteristics were
   analyzed in three typical terrain regions (plateau, plain, and mountain
   regions) in Shaanxi, based on hourly ambient monitoring of particulate
   matter with diameter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and less than 10 mu m
   (PM10), CO, SO2, NO2, and O-3 in 2015. PM2.5 and PM10 were the dominant
   pollutants in three regions, and their annual concentrations exceeded
   the Grade II standards by 9.4-68.6 and 6.0-73.9\%, respectively. PM2.5,
   PM10, CO, SO2, and NO2 concentrations had similar seasonal trends with
   highest values in winter and lowest values in summer, whereas O-3
   concentrations exhibited the opposite trend. Guanzhong Plain had higher
   PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations but lower CO, 1-h peak O-3, and
   8-h peak O-3 (8 h-O-3) compared to other regions. PM2.5, PM10, and 8
   h-O-3 were the three main dominant pollutants. The nonattainment rate
   was highest in winter and lowest in summer or autumn. Pollution also
   exhibited synergy, especially in the plateau region and Guanzhong Plain.
   PM2.5 was significantly correlated with PM10. NO2 and SO2 were
   positively correlated with PM2.5 and PM10, while 8 h-O-3 generally had
   significant negative correlations with other pollutants, especially in
   the winter. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of
   pollution status in the three typical terrain regions in Shaanxi and are
   helpful for improving air quality.}},
Publisher = {{SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG}},
Address = {{GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Wang, DX (Corresponding Author), Northwest A\&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci \& Technol, Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Cleaning Ma, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm \& Equip, Sch Environm Sci \& Engn,Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Xu, Yong; Gao, Yuan; Yang, Yang; Wang, Dexiang, Northwest A\&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.
   Ying, Qi, Texas A\&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Ying, Qi; Zhang, Hongliang, Nanjing Univ Informat Sci \& Technol, Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Cleaning Ma, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm \& Equip, Sch Environm Sci \& Engn,Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.
   Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1007/s11869-017-0523-7}},
ISSN = {{1873-9318}},
EISSN = {{1873-9326}},
Keywords = {{Air pollutant; Terrain region; Guanzhong; Spatial variation; Temporal
   variation}},
Keywords-Plus = {{SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PROVINCIAL CAPITAL CITIES; FINE PARTICULATE
   MATTER; NORTH CHINA; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; MEXICO-CITY; POLLUTION;
   QUALITY; PM2.5; EMISSIONS}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{wangdx66@126.com
   hlzhang@lsu.edu}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311
   Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X}},
Funding-Acknowledgement = {{National 12th Five-Year Scientific and Technological Support Plan
   {[}2015BAD07B06]; ``948{''} project from the State Forestry
   Administration of China {[}2013-4-56]}},
Funding-Text = {{This study is supported by the National 12th Five-Year Scientific and
   Technological Support Plan (Grant \#2015BAD07B06), and the ``948{''}
   project from the State Forestry Administration of China (grant
   \#2013-4-56).}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{37}},
Times-Cited = {{24}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},
Journal-ISO = {{Air Qual. Atmos. Health}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{FT2AB}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000422939300010}},
DA = {{2021-12-02}},
}

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In this study, air pollution characteristics were analyzed in three typical terrain regions (plateau, plain, and mountain regions) in Shaanxi, based on hourly ambient monitoring of particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and less than 10 mu m (PM10), CO, SO2, NO2, and O-3 in 2015. PM2.5 and PM10 were the dominant pollutants in three regions, and their annual concentrations exceeded the Grade II standards by 9.4-68.6 and 6.0-73.9%, respectively. PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, and NO2 concentrations had similar seasonal trends with highest values in winter and lowest values in summer, whereas O-3 concentrations exhibited the opposite trend. Guanzhong Plain had higher PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations but lower CO, 1-h peak O-3, and 8-h peak O-3 (8 h-O-3) compared to other regions. PM2.5, PM10, and 8 h-O-3 were the three main dominant pollutants. The nonattainment rate was highest in winter and lowest in summer or autumn. Pollution also exhibited synergy, especially in the plateau region and Guanzhong Plain. PM2.5 was significantly correlated with PM10. NO2 and SO2 were positively correlated with PM2.5 and PM10, while 8 h-O-3 generally had significant negative correlations with other pollutants, especially in the winter. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of pollution status in the three typical terrain regions in Shaanxi and are helpful for improving air quality.","publisher":"SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG","address":"GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND","language":"English","affiliation":"Wang, DX (Corresponding Author), Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Cleaning Ma, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm & Equip, Sch Environm Sci & Engn,Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Xu, Yong; Gao, Yuan; Yang, Yang; Wang, Dexiang, Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. Ying, Qi, Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ying, Qi; Zhang, Hongliang, Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Cleaning Ma, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm & Equip, Sch Environm Sci & Engn,Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.","doi":"10.1007/s11869-017-0523-7","issn":"1873-9318","eissn":"1873-9326","keywords":"Air pollutant; Terrain region; Guanzhong; Spatial variation; Temporal variation","keywords-plus":"SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PROVINCIAL CAPITAL CITIES; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; NORTH CHINA; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; MEXICO-CITY; POLLUTION; QUALITY; PM2.5; EMISSIONS","research-areas":"Environmental Sciences & Ecology","web-of-science-categories":"Environmental Sciences","author-email":"wangdx66@126.com hlzhang@lsu.edu","researcherid-numbers":"Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012 ","orcid-numbers":"Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311 Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X","funding-acknowledgement":"National 12th Five-Year Scientific and Technological Support Plan [2015BAD07B06]; ``948'' project from the State Forestry Administration of China [2013-4-56]","funding-text":"This study is supported by the National 12th Five-Year Scientific and Technological Support Plan (Grant #2015BAD07B06), and the ``948'' project from the State Forestry Administration of China (grant #2013-4-56).","number-of-cited-references":"37","times-cited":"24","usage-count-last-180-days":"1","usage-count-since-2013":"51","journal-iso":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health","doc-delivery-number":"FT2AB","unique-id":"WOS:000422939300010","da":"2021-12-02","bibtex":"@article{ WOS:000422939300010,\nAuthor = {Xu, Yong and Ying, Qi and Hu, Jianlin and Gao, Yuan and Yang, Yang and\n Wang, Dexiang and Zhang, Hongliang},\nTitle = {{Spatial and temporal variations in criteria air pollutants in three\n typical terrain regions in Shaanxi, China, during 2015}},\nJournal = {{AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH}},\nYear = {{2018}},\nVolume = {{11}},\nNumber = {{1}},\nPages = {{95-109}},\nMonth = {{JAN}},\nAbstract = {{Numerous studies have investigated air pollution in severely polluted\n plains, but the characteristics of pollutants are not well understood in\n other terrain regions. In this study, air pollution characteristics were\n analyzed in three typical terrain regions (plateau, plain, and mountain\n regions) in Shaanxi, based on hourly ambient monitoring of particulate\n matter with diameter less than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and less than 10 mu m\n (PM10), CO, SO2, NO2, and O-3 in 2015. PM2.5 and PM10 were the dominant\n pollutants in three regions, and their annual concentrations exceeded\n the Grade II standards by 9.4-68.6 and 6.0-73.9\\%, respectively. PM2.5,\n PM10, CO, SO2, and NO2 concentrations had similar seasonal trends with\n highest values in winter and lowest values in summer, whereas O-3\n concentrations exhibited the opposite trend. Guanzhong Plain had higher\n PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 concentrations but lower CO, 1-h peak O-3, and\n 8-h peak O-3 (8 h-O-3) compared to other regions. PM2.5, PM10, and 8\n h-O-3 were the three main dominant pollutants. The nonattainment rate\n was highest in winter and lowest in summer or autumn. Pollution also\n exhibited synergy, especially in the plateau region and Guanzhong Plain.\n PM2.5 was significantly correlated with PM10. NO2 and SO2 were\n positively correlated with PM2.5 and PM10, while 8 h-O-3 generally had\n significant negative correlations with other pollutants, especially in\n the winter. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of\n pollution status in the three typical terrain regions in Shaanxi and are\n helpful for improving air quality.}},\nPublisher = {{SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG}},\nAddress = {{GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND}},\nType = {{Article}},\nLanguage = {{English}},\nAffiliation = {{Wang, DX (Corresponding Author), Northwest A\\&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.\n Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci \\& Technol, Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Cleaning Ma, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm \\& Equip, Sch Environm Sci \\& Engn,Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.\n Zhang, HL (Corresponding Author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.\n Xu, Yong; Gao, Yuan; Yang, Yang; Wang, Dexiang, Northwest A\\&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China.\n Ying, Qi, Texas A\\&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.\n Ying, Qi; Zhang, Hongliang, Nanjing Univ Informat Sci \\& Technol, Jiangsu Engn Technol Res Ctr Environm Cleaning Ma, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Atmospher Environm \\& Equip, Sch Environm Sci \\& Engn,Jiangsu Key Lab Atmospher, 219 Ningliu Rd, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China.\n Zhang, Hongliang, Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.}},\nDOI = {{10.1007/s11869-017-0523-7}},\nISSN = {{1873-9318}},\nEISSN = {{1873-9326}},\nKeywords = {{Air pollutant; Terrain region; Guanzhong; Spatial variation; Temporal\n variation}},\nKeywords-Plus = {{SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; PROVINCIAL CAPITAL CITIES; FINE PARTICULATE\n MATTER; NORTH CHINA; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; MEXICO-CITY; POLLUTION;\n QUALITY; PM2.5; EMISSIONS}},\nResearch-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \\& Ecology}},\nWeb-of-Science-Categories = {{Environmental Sciences}},\nAuthor-Email = {{wangdx66@126.com\n hlzhang@lsu.edu}},\nResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012\n }},\nORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311\n Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X}},\nFunding-Acknowledgement = {{National 12th Five-Year Scientific and Technological Support Plan\n {[}2015BAD07B06]; ``948{''} project from the State Forestry\n Administration of China {[}2013-4-56]}},\nFunding-Text = {{This study is supported by the National 12th Five-Year Scientific and\n Technological Support Plan (Grant \\#2015BAD07B06), and the ``948{''}\n project from the State Forestry Administration of China (grant\n \\#2013-4-56).}},\nNumber-of-Cited-References = {{37}},\nTimes-Cited = {{24}},\nUsage-Count-Last-180-days = {{1}},\nUsage-Count-Since-2013 = {{51}},\nJournal-ISO = {{Air Qual. 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