@techreport{yangGlobalBaselineAssessment2018,
  title = {Global Baseline Assessment of Compliance and Enforcement Programs for Vehicle Emissions and Energy Efficiency},
  author = {Yang, Zifei and Muncrief, Rachel and Bandivadekar, Anup},
  year = {2018},
  pages = {91},
  address = {{Washington, DC}},
  institution = {{The International Council on Clean Transportation}},
  url = {https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/PV-C&E-global-baseline-assessment_ICCT-report_14112017_vF.pdf},
  urldate = {2022-05-02},
  abstract = {As vehicle emission and efficiency regulations have become more stringent, the technologies used to mitigate emissions and reduce fuel consumption have become increasingly complex. A modern car or truck has essentially the equivalent of a small chemical plant attached to its exhaust and a powerful computer under the hood, meaning there are many potential areas for system failure—or manipulation. In the 1990s, many major diesel truck and engine manufacturers in the United States were caught cheating to meet emission standards. Nowadays, regulators face the significant challenge of ensuring compliance of diesel cars to emission standards in Europe, the United States, and elsewhere. Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission/fuel efficiency standards noncompliance is also an issue, with cases discovered in Europe, Japan, and the United States. As investigations reveal that manufacturers have cheated to meet emission and fuel efficiency standards for years, many countries face significant challenges to ensure proper operation of modern engine and emission-control systems. Technology will continue to advance quickly, and manufacturer deception will remain a risk; therefore, government agencies around the world must upgrade their compliance and enforcement (C\&E) programs to ensure that the intended outcomes from emissioncontrol and fuel-efficiency programs materialize throughout the vehicle life cycle.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}
}

{"_id":"2yyj4WDgLF7A2ay6Z","bibbaseid":"yang-muncrief-bandivadekar-globalbaselineassessmentofcomplianceandenforcementprogramsforvehicleemissionsandenergyefficiency-2018","author_short":["Yang, Z.","Muncrief, R.","Bandivadekar, A."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"techreport","type":"techreport","title":"Global Baseline Assessment of Compliance and Enforcement Programs for Vehicle Emissions and Energy Efficiency","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Yang"],"firstnames":["Zifei"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Muncrief"],"firstnames":["Rachel"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Bandivadekar"],"firstnames":["Anup"],"suffixes":[]}],"year":"2018","pages":"91","address":"Washington, DC","institution":"The International Council on Clean Transportation","url":"https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/PV-C&E-global-baseline-assessment_ICCT-report_14112017_vF.pdf","urldate":"2022-05-02","abstract":"As vehicle emission and efficiency regulations have become more stringent, the technologies used to mitigate emissions and reduce fuel consumption have become increasingly complex. A modern car or truck has essentially the equivalent of a small chemical plant attached to its exhaust and a powerful computer under the hood, meaning there are many potential areas for system failure—or manipulation. In the 1990s, many major diesel truck and engine manufacturers in the United States were caught cheating to meet emission standards. Nowadays, regulators face the significant challenge of ensuring compliance of diesel cars to emission standards in Europe, the United States, and elsewhere. Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission/fuel efficiency standards noncompliance is also an issue, with cases discovered in Europe, Japan, and the United States. As investigations reveal that manufacturers have cheated to meet emission and fuel efficiency standards for years, many countries face significant challenges to ensure proper operation of modern engine and emission-control systems. Technology will continue to advance quickly, and manufacturer deception will remain a risk; therefore, government agencies around the world must upgrade their compliance and enforcement (C&E) programs to ensure that the intended outcomes from emissioncontrol and fuel-efficiency programs materialize throughout the vehicle life cycle.","langid":"english","keywords":"⛔ No DOI found","bibtex":"@techreport{yangGlobalBaselineAssessment2018,\n title = {Global Baseline Assessment of Compliance and Enforcement Programs for Vehicle Emissions and Energy Efficiency},\n author = {Yang, Zifei and Muncrief, Rachel and Bandivadekar, Anup},\n year = {2018},\n pages = {91},\n address = {{Washington, DC}},\n institution = {{The International Council on Clean Transportation}},\n url = {https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/PV-C&E-global-baseline-assessment_ICCT-report_14112017_vF.pdf},\n urldate = {2022-05-02},\n abstract = {As vehicle emission and efficiency regulations have become more stringent, the technologies used to mitigate emissions and reduce fuel consumption have become increasingly complex. A modern car or truck has essentially the equivalent of a small chemical plant attached to its exhaust and a powerful computer under the hood, meaning there are many potential areas for system failure—or manipulation. In the 1990s, many major diesel truck and engine manufacturers in the United States were caught cheating to meet emission standards. Nowadays, regulators face the significant challenge of ensuring compliance of diesel cars to emission standards in Europe, the United States, and elsewhere. Similarly, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission/fuel efficiency standards noncompliance is also an issue, with cases discovered in Europe, Japan, and the United States. As investigations reveal that manufacturers have cheated to meet emission and fuel efficiency standards for years, many countries face significant challenges to ensure proper operation of modern engine and emission-control systems. Technology will continue to advance quickly, and manufacturer deception will remain a risk; therefore, government agencies around the world must upgrade their compliance and enforcement (C\\&E) programs to ensure that the intended outcomes from emissioncontrol and fuel-efficiency programs materialize throughout the vehicle life cycle.},\n langid = {english},\n keywords = {⛔ No DOI found}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Yang, Z.","Muncrief, R.","Bandivadekar, A."],"key":"yangGlobalBaselineAssessment2018","id":"yangGlobalBaselineAssessment2018","bibbaseid":"yang-muncrief-bandivadekar-globalbaselineassessmentofcomplianceandenforcementprogramsforvehicleemissionsandenergyefficiency-2018","role":"author","urls":{"Paper":"https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/PV-C&E-global-baseline-assessment_ICCT-report_14112017_vF.pdf"},"keyword":["⛔ No DOI found"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"techreport","biburl":"https://nuvem.modal.org.br/index.php/s/grYnpGFfpkS7X38/download/Descarbonizacao-no-Transporte.bib","dataSources":["rwhRKjEGNRtuW9Qku","XdDa7tryZgotpSamx"],"keywords":["⛔ no doi found"],"search_terms":["global","baseline","assessment","compliance","enforcement","programs","vehicle","emissions","energy","efficiency","yang","muncrief","bandivadekar"],"title":"Global Baseline Assessment of Compliance and Enforcement Programs for Vehicle Emissions and Energy Efficiency","year":2018}