Small-Scale Ionospheric Irregularities of Auroral Origin at Mid-latitudes during the 22 June 2015 Magnetic Storm and Their Effect on GPS Positioning. Yasyukevich, Y., Vasilyev, R., Ratovsky, K., Setov, A., Globa, M., Syrovatskii, S., Yasyukevich, A., Kiselev, A., & Vesnin, A.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Small-scale ionospheric irregularities affect navigation and radio telecommunications. We studied small-scale irregularities observed during the 22 June 2015 geomagnetic storm and used experimental facilities at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISTP SB RAS) located near Irkutsk, Russia (\textasciitilde52°N, 104°E). The facilities used were the DPS-4 ionosonde (spread-F width), receivers of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (Cygnus A signal amplitude scintillations), and GPS/GLONASS receivers (amplitude and phase scintillations), while 150 MHz Cygnus A signal recording provides a unique data set on ionosphere small-scale structure. We observed increased spread-F, Cygnus A signal amplitude scintillations, and GPS phase scintillations near 20 UT on 22 June 2015 at mid-latitudes. GPS/GLONASS amplitude scintillations were at a quiet time level. By using global total electron content (TEC) maps, we conclude that small-scale irregularities are most likely caused by the auroral oval expansion. In the small-scale irregularity region, we recorded an increase in the precise point positioning (PPP) error. Even at mid-latitudes, the mean PPP error is at least five times that of the quiet level and reaches 0.5 m.
@article{yasyukevich_small-scale_2020,
	title = {Small-Scale Ionospheric Irregularities of Auroral Origin at Mid-latitudes during the 22 June 2015 Magnetic Storm and Their Effect on {GPS} Positioning},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2072-4292},
	doi = {10.3390/rs12101579},
	abstract = {Small-scale ionospheric irregularities affect navigation and radio telecommunications. We studied small-scale irregularities observed during the 22 June 2015 geomagnetic storm and used experimental facilities at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ({ISTP} {SB} {RAS}) located near Irkutsk, Russia ({\textasciitilde}52\°N, 104\°E). The facilities used were the {DPS}-4 ionosonde (spread-F width), receivers of the Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar (Cygnus A signal amplitude scintillations), and {GPS}/{GLONASS} receivers (amplitude and phase scintillations), while 150 {MHz} Cygnus A signal recording provides a unique data set on ionosphere small-scale structure. We observed increased spread-F, Cygnus A signal amplitude scintillations, and {GPS} phase scintillations near 20 {UT} on 22 June 2015 at mid-latitudes. {GPS}/{GLONASS} amplitude scintillations were at a quiet time level. By using global total electron content ({TEC}) maps, we conclude that small-scale irregularities are most likely caused by the auroral oval expansion. In the small-scale irregularity region, we recorded an increase in the precise point positioning ({PPP}) error. Even at mid-latitudes, the mean {PPP} error is at least five times that of the quiet level and reaches 0.5 m.},
	number = {10},
	journaltitle = {Remote Sensing},
	author = {Yasyukevich, Yury and Vasilyev, Roman and Ratovsky, Konstantin and Setov, Artem and Globa, Maria and Syrovatskii, Semen and Yasyukevich, Anna and Kiselev, Alexander and Vesnin, Artem},
	date = {2020},
	keywords = {geomagnetic storm, ionospheric scintillations, precise point positioning, S4, small-scale irregularities, spread-F}
}

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