An Energy-Efficient MAC protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Ye, W., Heidemann, J., & Estrin, D. In Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom, pages 1567–1576, New York, NY, USA, June, 2002. USC/Information Sciences Institute, IEEE.
An Energy-Efficient MAC protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
This paper proposes S-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices will collaborate for a common application such as environmental monitoring. We expect sensor networks to be deployed in an ad hoc fashion, with individual nodes remaining largely inactive for long periods of time, but then becoming suddenly active when something is detected. These characteristics of sensor networks and applications motivate a MAC that is different from traditional wireless MACs such as IEEE 802.11 in almost every way: energy conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. To reduce energy consumption in listening to an idle channel, nodes periodically sleep. Neighboring nodes form \emphvirtual clusters to auto-synchronize on sleep schedules. Inspired by PAMAS, S-MAC also sets the radio to sleep during transmissions of other nodes. Unlike PAMAS, it only uses in-channel signaling. Finally, S-MAC applies \emphmessage passing to reduce contention latency for sensor-network applications that require store-and-forward processing as data move through the network. We evaluate our implementation of S-MAC over a sample sensor node, the Mote, developed at University of California, Berkeley. The experiment results show that, on a source node, an 802.11-like MAC consumes 2–6 times more energy than S-MAC for traffic load with messages sent every 1–10s.
@InProceedings{Ye02a,
	author = 	"Wei Ye and John Heidemann and Deborah Estrin",
	title = 	"An Energy-Efficient {MAC} protocol for Wireless
                         Sensor Networks",
	booktitle = 	"Proceedings of the " # " IEEE Infocom",
	year = 		2002,
	sortdate = "2002-06-01",
	project = "ilense, scowr, scadds, saman",
	jsubject = "sensornet_subtransport",
	publisher =	"IEEE",
	address =	"New York, NY, USA",
	month =		jun,
	pages =		"1567--1576",
	location =	"johnh: pafile",
	location =	"johnh: folder: xxx",
	brag = "10th most cited paper in CS for 2002 according to CiteSeer (as of Feb. 2005)",
	keywords =	"s-mac seminal reference, energy-aware mac,
			journal version is Ye04b",
	otherurl = "http://www.isi.edu/%7eweiye/pub/smac_infocom.pdf",
	url =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Ye02a.html",
	organization =	"USC/Information Sciences Institute",
	pdfurl =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Ye02a.pdf",
	abstract = "
This paper proposes S-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol
designed for wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks use
battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these
devices will collaborate for a common application such as
environmental monitoring. We expect sensor networks to be deployed in
an ad hoc fashion, with individual nodes remaining largely inactive
for long periods of time, but then becoming suddenly active when
something is detected. These characteristics of sensor networks and
applications motivate a MAC that is different from traditional
wireless MACs such as IEEE 802.11 in almost every way: energy
conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node
fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses three novel
techniques to reduce energy consumption and support
self-configuration. To reduce energy consumption in listening to an
idle channel, nodes periodically sleep. Neighboring nodes form
\emph{virtual clusters} to auto-synchronize on sleep
schedules. Inspired by PAMAS, S-MAC also sets the radio to sleep
during transmissions of other nodes. Unlike PAMAS, it only uses
in-channel signaling. Finally, S-MAC applies \emph{message passing} to
reduce contention latency for sensor-network applications that require
store-and-forward processing as data move through the network. We
evaluate our implementation of S-MAC over a sample sensor node, the
Mote, developed at University of California, Berkeley. The experiment
results show that, on a source node, an 802.11-like MAC consumes 2--6
times more energy than S-MAC for traffic load with messages sent every
1--10s.
",
}

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