@article{yin_unit_2014,
	title = {Unit of measurement used and parent medication dosing errors},
	volume = {134},
	issn = {1098-4275},
	doi = {10.1542/peds.2014-0395},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adopting the milliliter as the preferred unit of measurement has been suggested as a strategy to improve the clarity of medication instructions; teaspoon and tablespoon units may inadvertently endorse nonstandard kitchen spoon use. We examined the association between unit used and parent medication errors and whether nonstandard instruments mediate this relationship.
METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a larger study of provider communication and medication errors. English- or Spanish-speaking parents (n = 287) whose children were prescribed liquid medications in 2 emergency departments were enrolled. Medication error defined as: error in knowledge of prescribed dose, error in observed dose measurement (compared to intended or prescribed dose); {\textgreater}20\% deviation threshold for error. Multiple logistic regression performed adjusting for parent age, language, country, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults); child age, chronic disease; site.
RESULTS: Medication errors were common: 39.4\% of parents made an error in measurement of the intended dose, 41.1\% made an error in the prescribed dose. Furthermore, 16.7\% used a nonstandard instrument. Compared with parents who used milliliter-only, parents who used teaspoon or tablespoon units had twice the odds of making an error with the intended (42.5\% vs 27.6\%, P = .02; adjusted odds ratio=2.3; 95\% confidence interval, 1.2-4.4) and prescribed (45.1\% vs 31.4\%, P = .04; adjusted odds ratio=1.9; 95\% confidence interval, 1.03-3.5) dose; associations greater for parents with low health literacy and non-English speakers. Nonstandard instrument use partially mediated teaspoon and tablespoon-associated measurement errors.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings support a milliliter-only standard to reduce medication errors.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Pediatrics},
	author = {Yin, H. Shonna and Dreyer, Benard P. and Ugboaja, Donna C. and Sanchez, Dayana C. and Paul, Ian M. and Moreira, Hannah A. and Rodriguez, Luis and Mendelsohn, Alan L.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25022742},
	note = {00021 },
	keywords = {Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dimensional Measurement Accuracy, Drug Dosage Calculations, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Errors, Parents, Weights and Measures},
	pages = {e354--361}
}

{"_id":"TZ89HKJvHFJX5u87i","bibbaseid":"yin-dreyer-ugboaja-sanchez-paul-moreira-rodriguez-mendelsohn-unitofmeasurementusedandparentmedicationdosingerrors-2014","downloads":0,"creationDate":"2016-12-15T14:12:48.045Z","title":"Unit of measurement used and parent medication dosing errors","author_short":["Yin, H. S.","Dreyer, B. P.","Ugboaja, D. C.","Sanchez, D. C.","Paul, I. M.","Moreira, H. A.","Rodriguez, L.","Mendelsohn, A. L."],"year":2014,"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://bibbase.org/zotero/caplille","bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"article","title":"Unit of measurement used and parent medication dosing errors","volume":"134","issn":"1098-4275","doi":"10.1542/peds.2014-0395","abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adopting the milliliter as the preferred unit of measurement has been suggested as a strategy to improve the clarity of medication instructions; teaspoon and tablespoon units may inadvertently endorse nonstandard kitchen spoon use. We examined the association between unit used and parent medication errors and whether nonstandard instruments mediate this relationship. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a larger study of provider communication and medication errors. English- or Spanish-speaking parents (n = 287) whose children were prescribed liquid medications in 2 emergency departments were enrolled. Medication error defined as: error in knowledge of prescribed dose, error in observed dose measurement (compared to intended or prescribed dose); \\textgreater20% deviation threshold for error. Multiple logistic regression performed adjusting for parent age, language, country, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults); child age, chronic disease; site. RESULTS: Medication errors were common: 39.4% of parents made an error in measurement of the intended dose, 41.1% made an error in the prescribed dose. Furthermore, 16.7% used a nonstandard instrument. Compared with parents who used milliliter-only, parents who used teaspoon or tablespoon units had twice the odds of making an error with the intended (42.5% vs 27.6%, P = .02; adjusted odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.4) and prescribed (45.1% vs 31.4%, P = .04; adjusted odds ratio=1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-3.5) dose; associations greater for parents with low health literacy and non-English speakers. Nonstandard instrument use partially mediated teaspoon and tablespoon-associated measurement errors. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support a milliliter-only standard to reduce medication errors.","language":"eng","number":"2","journal":"Pediatrics","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Yin"],"firstnames":["H.","Shonna"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Dreyer"],"firstnames":["Benard","P."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ugboaja"],"firstnames":["Donna","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Sanchez"],"firstnames":["Dayana","C."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Paul"],"firstnames":["Ian","M."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Moreira"],"firstnames":["Hannah","A."],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Rodriguez"],"firstnames":["Luis"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Mendelsohn"],"firstnames":["Alan","L."],"suffixes":[]}],"month":"August","year":"2014","pmid":"25022742","note":"00021 ","keywords":"Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dimensional Measurement Accuracy, Drug Dosage Calculations, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Errors, Parents, Weights and Measures","pages":"e354--361","bibtex":"@article{yin_unit_2014,\n\ttitle = {Unit of measurement used and parent medication dosing errors},\n\tvolume = {134},\n\tissn = {1098-4275},\n\tdoi = {10.1542/peds.2014-0395},\n\tabstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adopting the milliliter as the preferred unit of measurement has been suggested as a strategy to improve the clarity of medication instructions; teaspoon and tablespoon units may inadvertently endorse nonstandard kitchen spoon use. We examined the association between unit used and parent medication errors and whether nonstandard instruments mediate this relationship.\nMETHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a larger study of provider communication and medication errors. English- or Spanish-speaking parents (n = 287) whose children were prescribed liquid medications in 2 emergency departments were enrolled. Medication error defined as: error in knowledge of prescribed dose, error in observed dose measurement (compared to intended or prescribed dose); {\\textgreater}20\\% deviation threshold for error. Multiple logistic regression performed adjusting for parent age, language, country, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education, health literacy (Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults); child age, chronic disease; site.\nRESULTS: Medication errors were common: 39.4\\% of parents made an error in measurement of the intended dose, 41.1\\% made an error in the prescribed dose. Furthermore, 16.7\\% used a nonstandard instrument. Compared with parents who used milliliter-only, parents who used teaspoon or tablespoon units had twice the odds of making an error with the intended (42.5\\% vs 27.6\\%, P = .02; adjusted odds ratio=2.3; 95\\% confidence interval, 1.2-4.4) and prescribed (45.1\\% vs 31.4\\%, P = .04; adjusted odds ratio=1.9; 95\\% confidence interval, 1.03-3.5) dose; associations greater for parents with low health literacy and non-English speakers. Nonstandard instrument use partially mediated teaspoon and tablespoon-associated measurement errors.\nCONCLUSIONS: Findings support a milliliter-only standard to reduce medication errors.},\n\tlanguage = {eng},\n\tnumber = {2},\n\tjournal = {Pediatrics},\n\tauthor = {Yin, H. Shonna and Dreyer, Benard P. and Ugboaja, Donna C. and Sanchez, Dayana C. and Paul, Ian M. and Moreira, Hannah A. and Rodriguez, Luis and Mendelsohn, Alan L.},\n\tmonth = aug,\n\tyear = {2014},\n\tpmid = {25022742},\n\tnote = {00021 },\n\tkeywords = {Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dimensional Measurement Accuracy, Drug Dosage Calculations, Female, Humans, Male, Medication Errors, Parents, Weights and Measures},\n\tpages = {e354--361}\n}\n\n","author_short":["Yin, H. S.","Dreyer, B. P.","Ugboaja, D. C.","Sanchez, D. C.","Paul, I. M.","Moreira, H. A.","Rodriguez, L.","Mendelsohn, A. 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