@article{ WOS:000340316300063,
Author = {Ying, Qi and Wu, Li and Zhang, Hongliang},
Title = {{Local and inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate in
   China}},
Journal = {{ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}},
Year = {{2014}},
Volume = {{94}},
Pages = {{582-592}},
Month = {{SEP}},
Abstract = {{Emissions of NOx, SO2 and primary nitrate and sulfate from seven regions
   in China (North, Northeast, East, Central, South, Southwest and
   Northwest) were separately tracked in a source-oriented Community
   Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to quantify the local and
   inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate concentrations
   in different cities and provinces. In January, high concentrations of
   nitrate (similar to 30 mu g m(-3)) occurred in the North China Plain
   (NCP) and the Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain (MLYP), as well as the
   Sichuan Basin. NOx emissions from North, Central and East China were
   transported over long distances to form rather uniform concentration of
   nitrate in the NCP and MLYP regions and significantly impacted nitrate
   concentrations in downwind regions as far as the Pearl River Delta (PRD)
   region in South China. Wintertime sulfate concentrations demonstrated a
   more significant inter-regional southward transport pattern and wider
   spatial distributions than nitrate. The top-five ranked provinces with
   combined nitrate and sulfate concentrations (Chongqing, Sichuan,
   Guizhou, Anhui and Hunan) were all affected by emissions from the North,
   Central and East China, in addition to their local region emissions. In
   August, slower northerly and northeasterly wind reduced inter-regional
   transport. Nitrate and sulfate concentrations peaked in North China as
   dilution was more severely restricted by mountain ranges further north.
   Three of the top five high concentration provinces (Tianjin, Hebei and
   Beijing) were located in North China and had more than 55\% of local
   region contributions. Emissions from North China accounted for similar
   to 20\% in the remaining two provinces (Shandong in East China and Henan
   in Central China). In addition to emissions from North China, similar to
   30\% or more of the nitrate and sulfate concentrations in four of the
   top five high concentration provinces (Tianjin, Henan, Hebei and
   Shandong) were due to emissions from East China. Time series of daily
   regional contributions in three megacities (Beijing, Shanghai and
   Chongqing) and a large city cluster (PRD) also indicated stronger and
   more frequent inter-regional transport in winter than in summer.
   Although the cities were mostly affected by local region emissions,
   influences of long range transport were especially obvious for sulfate
   concentration in the PRD region in winter, where emissions from North,
   East and Central China often accounted for more than 80\% of the total
   concentrations. The results from this study suggest that provincial or
   region-level emission controls alone may not be sufficient to
   effectively reduce nitrate and sulfate concentrations in many areas and
   coordinated local and inter-regional emission control strategies are
   necessary for the country. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},
Publisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},
Address = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},
Type = {{Article}},
Language = {{English}},
Affiliation = {{Ying, Q (Corresponding Author), Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Ying, Qi; Wu, Li, Texas A\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
   Zhang, Hongliang, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil \& Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.}},
DOI = {{10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.078}},
ISSN = {{1352-2310}},
EISSN = {{1873-2844}},
Keywords = {{Secondary particulate matter; Source-oriented air quality model; CMAQ;
   Emission source region}},
Keywords-Plus = {{URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; MEGA
   CITIES; EAST-ASIA; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT}},
Research-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \& Ecology; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Web-of-Science-Categories  = {{Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \& Atmospheric Sciences}},
Author-Email = {{qi.ying@gmail.com}},
ResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012
   }},
ORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311
   Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X}},
Number-of-Cited-References = {{23}},
Times-Cited = {{95}},
Usage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},
Usage-Count-Since-2013 = {{205}},
Journal-ISO = {{Atmos. Environ.}},
Doc-Delivery-Number = {{AN1AY}},
Unique-ID = {{WOS:000340316300063}},
DA = {{2021-12-02}},
}

{"_id":"BRzN535u9irHCnJS8","bibbaseid":"ying-wu-zhang-localandinterregionalcontributionstopm25nitrateandsulfateinchina-2014","author_short":["Ying, Q.","Wu, L.","Zhang, H."],"bibdata":{"bibtype":"article","type":"Article","author":[{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Ying"],"firstnames":["Qi"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Wu"],"firstnames":["Li"],"suffixes":[]},{"propositions":[],"lastnames":["Zhang"],"firstnames":["Hongliang"],"suffixes":[]}],"title":"Local and inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate in China","journal":"ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT","year":"2014","volume":"94","pages":"582-592","month":"SEP","abstract":"Emissions of NOx, SO2 and primary nitrate and sulfate from seven regions in China (North, Northeast, East, Central, South, Southwest and Northwest) were separately tracked in a source-oriented Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to quantify the local and inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate concentrations in different cities and provinces. In January, high concentrations of nitrate (similar to 30 mu g m(-3)) occurred in the North China Plain (NCP) and the Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain (MLYP), as well as the Sichuan Basin. NOx emissions from North, Central and East China were transported over long distances to form rather uniform concentration of nitrate in the NCP and MLYP regions and significantly impacted nitrate concentrations in downwind regions as far as the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in South China. Wintertime sulfate concentrations demonstrated a more significant inter-regional southward transport pattern and wider spatial distributions than nitrate. The top-five ranked provinces with combined nitrate and sulfate concentrations (Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Anhui and Hunan) were all affected by emissions from the North, Central and East China, in addition to their local region emissions. In August, slower northerly and northeasterly wind reduced inter-regional transport. Nitrate and sulfate concentrations peaked in North China as dilution was more severely restricted by mountain ranges further north. Three of the top five high concentration provinces (Tianjin, Hebei and Beijing) were located in North China and had more than 55% of local region contributions. Emissions from North China accounted for similar to 20% in the remaining two provinces (Shandong in East China and Henan in Central China). In addition to emissions from North China, similar to 30% or more of the nitrate and sulfate concentrations in four of the top five high concentration provinces (Tianjin, Henan, Hebei and Shandong) were due to emissions from East China. Time series of daily regional contributions in three megacities (Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing) and a large city cluster (PRD) also indicated stronger and more frequent inter-regional transport in winter than in summer. Although the cities were mostly affected by local region emissions, influences of long range transport were especially obvious for sulfate concentration in the PRD region in winter, where emissions from North, East and Central China often accounted for more than 80% of the total concentrations. The results from this study suggest that provincial or region-level emission controls alone may not be sufficient to effectively reduce nitrate and sulfate concentrations in many areas and coordinated local and inter-regional emission control strategies are necessary for the country. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","publisher":"PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD","address":"THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND","language":"English","affiliation":"Ying, Q (Corresponding Author), Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ying, Qi; Wu, Li, Texas A&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Zhang, Hongliang, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.078","issn":"1352-2310","eissn":"1873-2844","keywords":"Secondary particulate matter; Source-oriented air quality model; CMAQ; Emission source region","keywords-plus":"URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; MEGA CITIES; EAST-ASIA; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT","research-areas":"Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences","web-of-science-categories":"Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences","author-email":"qi.ying@gmail.com","researcherid-numbers":"Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012 ","orcid-numbers":"Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311 Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X","number-of-cited-references":"23","times-cited":"95","usage-count-last-180-days":"10","usage-count-since-2013":"205","journal-iso":"Atmos. Environ.","doc-delivery-number":"AN1AY","unique-id":"WOS:000340316300063","da":"2021-12-02","bibtex":"@article{ WOS:000340316300063,\nAuthor = {Ying, Qi and Wu, Li and Zhang, Hongliang},\nTitle = {{Local and inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate in\n China}},\nJournal = {{ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT}},\nYear = {{2014}},\nVolume = {{94}},\nPages = {{582-592}},\nMonth = {{SEP}},\nAbstract = {{Emissions of NOx, SO2 and primary nitrate and sulfate from seven regions\n in China (North, Northeast, East, Central, South, Southwest and\n Northwest) were separately tracked in a source-oriented Community\n Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to quantify the local and\n inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate concentrations\n in different cities and provinces. In January, high concentrations of\n nitrate (similar to 30 mu g m(-3)) occurred in the North China Plain\n (NCP) and the Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain (MLYP), as well as the\n Sichuan Basin. NOx emissions from North, Central and East China were\n transported over long distances to form rather uniform concentration of\n nitrate in the NCP and MLYP regions and significantly impacted nitrate\n concentrations in downwind regions as far as the Pearl River Delta (PRD)\n region in South China. Wintertime sulfate concentrations demonstrated a\n more significant inter-regional southward transport pattern and wider\n spatial distributions than nitrate. The top-five ranked provinces with\n combined nitrate and sulfate concentrations (Chongqing, Sichuan,\n Guizhou, Anhui and Hunan) were all affected by emissions from the North,\n Central and East China, in addition to their local region emissions. In\n August, slower northerly and northeasterly wind reduced inter-regional\n transport. Nitrate and sulfate concentrations peaked in North China as\n dilution was more severely restricted by mountain ranges further north.\n Three of the top five high concentration provinces (Tianjin, Hebei and\n Beijing) were located in North China and had more than 55\\% of local\n region contributions. Emissions from North China accounted for similar\n to 20\\% in the remaining two provinces (Shandong in East China and Henan\n in Central China). In addition to emissions from North China, similar to\n 30\\% or more of the nitrate and sulfate concentrations in four of the\n top five high concentration provinces (Tianjin, Henan, Hebei and\n Shandong) were due to emissions from East China. Time series of daily\n regional contributions in three megacities (Beijing, Shanghai and\n Chongqing) and a large city cluster (PRD) also indicated stronger and\n more frequent inter-regional transport in winter than in summer.\n Although the cities were mostly affected by local region emissions,\n influences of long range transport were especially obvious for sulfate\n concentration in the PRD region in winter, where emissions from North,\n East and Central China often accounted for more than 80\\% of the total\n concentrations. The results from this study suggest that provincial or\n region-level emission controls alone may not be sufficient to\n effectively reduce nitrate and sulfate concentrations in many areas and\n coordinated local and inter-regional emission control strategies are\n necessary for the country. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}},\nPublisher = {{PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD}},\nAddress = {{THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND}},\nType = {{Article}},\nLanguage = {{English}},\nAffiliation = {{Ying, Q (Corresponding Author), Texas A\\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.\n Ying, Qi; Wu, Li, Texas A\\&M Univ, Zachry Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.\n Zhang, Hongliang, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil \\& Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA.}},\nDOI = {{10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.078}},\nISSN = {{1352-2310}},\nEISSN = {{1873-2844}},\nKeywords = {{Secondary particulate matter; Source-oriented air quality model; CMAQ;\n Emission source region}},\nKeywords-Plus = {{URBAN AIR-POLLUTION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; MEGA\n CITIES; EAST-ASIA; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT}},\nResearch-Areas = {{Environmental Sciences \\& Ecology; Meteorology \\& Atmospheric Sciences}},\nWeb-of-Science-Categories = {{Environmental Sciences; Meteorology \\& Atmospheric Sciences}},\nAuthor-Email = {{qi.ying@gmail.com}},\nResearcherID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/C-2499-2012\n }},\nORCID-Numbers = {{Zhang, Hongliang/0000-0002-1797-2311\n Ying, Qi/0000-0002-4560-433X}},\nNumber-of-Cited-References = {{23}},\nTimes-Cited = {{95}},\nUsage-Count-Last-180-days = {{10}},\nUsage-Count-Since-2013 = {{205}},\nJournal-ISO = {{Atmos. Environ.}},\nDoc-Delivery-Number = {{AN1AY}},\nUnique-ID = {{WOS:000340316300063}},\nDA = {{2021-12-02}},\n}\n\n","author_short":["Ying, Q.","Wu, L.","Zhang, H."],"key":"WOS:000340316300063","id":"WOS:000340316300063","bibbaseid":"ying-wu-zhang-localandinterregionalcontributionstopm25nitrateandsulfateinchina-2014","role":"author","urls":{},"keyword":["Secondary particulate matter; Source-oriented air quality model; CMAQ; Emission source region"],"metadata":{"authorlinks":{}}},"bibtype":"article","biburl":"http://yingqi95616.ddns.net:8001/publicationlist.bib","dataSources":["kTLQ96xxQwQovcx6r","LT3gToj3w22mutXHY","MjJL6KgnAM64Por3d","SN9t6exrr8GS3PxiX"],"keywords":["secondary particulate matter; source-oriented air quality model; cmaq; emission source region"],"search_terms":["local","inter","regional","contributions","pm2","nitrate","sulfate","china","ying","wu","zhang"],"title":"Local and inter-regional contributions to PM2.5 nitrate and sulfate in China","year":2014}