Ascidian sperm activating and attracting factor: Importance of sulfate groups for the activities and implication of its putative receptor. Yoshida, M., Shiba, K., Yoshida, K., Tsuchikawa, H., Ootou, O., Oishi, T., & Murata, M. FEBS Letters, 582(23):3429–3433, October, 2008.
Ascidian sperm activating and attracting factor: Importance of sulfate groups for the activities and implication of its putative receptor [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   1 download  
The sperm activating and attracting factor (SAAF) from the eggs of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis was identified as the sulfated polyhydroxysterol,3α,4β,7α,26-tetrahydroxy-5α-cholestane-3,26-disulfate. We present a functional analysis of SAAF derivatives that reveals the roles of the various SAAF functional groups. Optical isomerism does not affect SAAF activities. Hydrolysis on one side, i.e. at the sulfate groups of SAAF, decreases the sperm-activating and sperm-attracting activities, while hydrolysis on both sides resulted in the loss of both activities. Biotinylated-SAAF lost its sperm-activating ability, but retained sperm-binding and chemotactic abilities. Thus, the sulfate groups of SAAF are responsible for these activities.
@article{yoshida_ascidian_2008,
	title = {Ascidian sperm activating and attracting factor: {Importance} of sulfate groups for the activities and implication of its putative receptor},
	volume = {582},
	issn = {0014-5793},
	shorttitle = {Ascidian sperm activating and attracting factor},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014579308007382},
	doi = {10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.006},
	abstract = {The sperm activating and attracting factor (SAAF) from the eggs of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis was identified as the sulfated polyhydroxysterol,3α,4β,7α,26-tetrahydroxy-5α-cholestane-3,26-disulfate. We present a functional analysis of SAAF derivatives that reveals the roles of the various SAAF functional groups. Optical isomerism does not affect SAAF activities. Hydrolysis on one side, i.e. at the sulfate groups of SAAF, decreases the sperm-activating and sperm-attracting activities, while hydrolysis on both sides resulted in the loss of both activities. Biotinylated-SAAF lost its sperm-activating ability, but retained sperm-binding and chemotactic abilities. Thus, the sulfate groups of SAAF are responsible for these activities.},
	language = {en},
	number = {23},
	urldate = {2021-07-27},
	journal = {FEBS Letters},
	author = {Yoshida, Manabu and Shiba, Kogiku and Yoshida, Kaoru and Tsuchikawa, Hiroshi and Ootou, Ouichirou and Oishi, Toru and Murata, Michio},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Ascidian, Chemoattractant, Fertilization, Sperm chemotaxis, Sulfated polyhydroxysterol},
	pages = {3429--3433},
}

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