@article{zhang_regulation_2007,
	title = {Regulation of {MMP}-9 expression and activity in the mouse uterus by estrogen},
	volume = {74},
	issn = {1040-452X},
	doi = {10.1002/mrd.20582},
	abstract = {Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are spatiotemporally expressed in the uterus across normal estrous and menstrual cycles and are known to participate in the extensive endometrial tissue remodeling. MMP-9/gelatinase B is one of the major MMPs found in the uterus that modulates uterine biology during various reproductive processes. Although it seems that uterine MMP-9 is under ovarian steroid hormonal control, there are conflicting reports regarding steroidal hormonal regulation of MMP-9 expression, and there is little information on the effects of estrogen in vivo in this respect. We therefore examined the steroidal regulation of MMP-9 within the mouse uterus. Female mice (2-3 months old) were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol-l7beta (E(2)) or E(2) + progesterone (P(4)) and uterine gelatinase activity and expression were determined. Gelatin zymography revealed that E(2) alone or in combination with P(4) increased MMP-9 activation, whereas Northern analysis showed that E(2) decreased MMP-9 steady state mRNA expression and an estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182, 780 blocked this effect. In contrast, uterine MMP-2 expression and activity were not affected by steroidal treatments. Pretreatment with a transcription inhibitor actinomycin D or translation inhibitor cycloheximide indicates that E(2) regulates uterine MMP-9 at multiple points, involving transcriptional and posttranscriptional control as well as modulation of inhibitor activities. Collectively, these data suggest that E(2) regulates uterine MMP-9 expression and activity in vivo via a complex mechanism. This estrogen regulation of MMP-9 activity may play an important role in uterine tissue remodeling.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Molecular Reproduction and Development},
	author = {Zhang, Xuan and Christenson, Lane K. and Nothnick, Warren B.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {16967517},
	keywords = {Animals, Cycloheximide, Dactinomycin, Drug Interactions, Estrogens, Female, Gelatinases, Gene Expression Regulation, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Mice, Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors, Ovariectomy, Progesterone, Protein Synthesis Inhibitors, RNA, Messenger, Time Factors, Uterus},
	pages = {321--331}
}

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MMP-9/gelatinase B is one of the major MMPs found in the uterus that modulates uterine biology during various reproductive processes. Although it seems that uterine MMP-9 is under ovarian steroid hormonal control, there are conflicting reports regarding steroidal hormonal regulation of MMP-9 expression, and there is little information on the effects of estrogen in vivo in this respect. We therefore examined the steroidal regulation of MMP-9 within the mouse uterus. Female mice (2-3 months old) were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol-l7beta (E(2)) or E(2) + progesterone (P(4)) and uterine gelatinase activity and expression were determined. Gelatin zymography revealed that E(2) alone or in combination with P(4) increased MMP-9 activation, whereas Northern analysis showed that E(2) decreased MMP-9 steady state mRNA expression and an estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182, 780 blocked this effect. In contrast, uterine MMP-2 expression and activity were not affected by steroidal treatments. Pretreatment with a transcription inhibitor actinomycin D or translation inhibitor cycloheximide indicates that E(2) regulates uterine MMP-9 at multiple points, involving transcriptional and posttranscriptional control as well as modulation of inhibitor activities. Collectively, these data suggest that E(2) regulates uterine MMP-9 expression and activity in vivo via a complex mechanism. 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MMP-9/gelatinase B is one of the major MMPs found in the uterus that modulates uterine biology during various reproductive processes. Although it seems that uterine MMP-9 is under ovarian steroid hormonal control, there are conflicting reports regarding steroidal hormonal regulation of MMP-9 expression, and there is little information on the effects of estrogen in vivo in this respect. We therefore examined the steroidal regulation of MMP-9 within the mouse uterus. Female mice (2-3 months old) were ovariectomized and treated with estradiol-l7beta (E(2)) or E(2) + progesterone (P(4)) and uterine gelatinase activity and expression were determined. Gelatin zymography revealed that E(2) alone or in combination with P(4) increased MMP-9 activation, whereas Northern analysis showed that E(2) decreased MMP-9 steady state mRNA expression and an estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182, 780 blocked this effect. In contrast, uterine MMP-2 expression and activity were not affected by steroidal treatments. Pretreatment with a transcription inhibitor actinomycin D or translation inhibitor cycloheximide indicates that E(2) regulates uterine MMP-9 at multiple points, involving transcriptional and posttranscriptional control as well as modulation of inhibitor activities. Collectively, these data suggest that E(2) regulates uterine MMP-9 expression and activity in vivo via a complex mechanism. 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