Co-release of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and nano- and microparticles from the thermal cutting of polystyrene foams. Zhang, H., Kuo, Y., Gerecke, A. C, & Wang, J. Environmental science & technology, September, 2012. ![Co-release of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and nano- and microparticles from the thermal cutting of polystyrene foams. [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi abstract bibtex Polystyrene foam is a very important insulation material, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is frequently used as its flame retardant. HBCD is persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, and therefore workplace exposure and environmental emission should be avoided. In this study, we investigated the co-release of HBCD and aerosol particles during the thermal cutting of expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS). The generated particles were simultaneously measured by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and collected by a cascade impactor (NanoMoudi). In the breathing zone of a cutting worker, the number concentration of aerosol particles was above 1 ×1012 particles m-3, and the air concentration of HBCD was more than 50 μg m-3. Most of the released HBCD was partitioned into particles with an aerodynamic diameter at the nano-meter scale. The average concentrations of HBCD in these submicron particles generated from the thermal cutting of EPS and XPS were 13 times and 15 times higher than the concentrations in raw foams, respectively. An occupational exposure assessment indicated that more than 60% of HBCD and 70% of particles deposited in the lung of cutting worker would be allocated to the alveolar region. The potential subchronic (or chronic) toxicity jointly caused by the particles and HBCD calls for future studies.
@article{zhang_co-release_2012,
title = {Co-release of hexabromocyclododecane ({HBCD}) and nano- and microparticles from the thermal cutting of polystyrene foams.},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23013539},
doi = {10.1021/es302559v},
abstract = {Polystyrene foam is a very important insulation material, and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is frequently used as its flame retardant. HBCD is persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic, and therefore workplace exposure and environmental emission should be avoided. In this study, we investigated the co-release of HBCD and aerosol particles during the thermal cutting of expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS). The generated particles were simultaneously measured by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and collected by a cascade impactor (NanoMoudi). In the breathing zone of a cutting worker, the number concentration of aerosol particles was above 1 ×1012 particles m-3, and the air concentration of HBCD was more than 50 μg m-3. Most of the released HBCD was partitioned into particles with an aerodynamic diameter at the nano-meter scale. The average concentrations of HBCD in these submicron particles generated from the thermal cutting of EPS and XPS were 13 times and 15 times higher than the concentrations in raw foams, respectively. An occupational exposure assessment indicated that more than 60\% of HBCD and 70\% of particles deposited in the lung of cutting worker would be allocated to the alveolar region. The potential subchronic (or chronic) toxicity jointly caused by the particles and HBCD calls for future studies.},
journal = {Environmental science \& technology},
author = {Zhang, Haijun and Kuo, Yu-Ying and Gerecke, Andreas C and Wang, Jing},
month = sep,
year = {2012},
keywords = {Flame retardants},
}
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The generated particles were simultaneously measured by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and collected by a cascade impactor (NanoMoudi). In the breathing zone of a cutting worker, the number concentration of aerosol particles was above 1 ×1012 particles m-3, and the air concentration of HBCD was more than 50 μg m-3. Most of the released HBCD was partitioned into particles with an aerodynamic diameter at the nano-meter scale. The average concentrations of HBCD in these submicron particles generated from the thermal cutting of EPS and XPS were 13 times and 15 times higher than the concentrations in raw foams, respectively. An occupational exposure assessment indicated that more than 60% of HBCD and 70% of particles deposited in the lung of cutting worker would be allocated to the alveolar region. 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