Steam-Powered Sensing. Zhang, C., Syed, A., Cho, Y. H., & Heidemann, J. In Proceedings of the 9thACM SenSys Conference , pages 204–217, Seattle, Washington, USA, November, 2011. ACM.
Steam-Powered Sensing [link]Paper  abstract   bibtex   
Sensornets promise to extend automated monitoring and control into industrial processes. In spite of great progress made in sensornet design, \emphinstallation and operational costs can impede their widespread adoption—current practices of infrequent, manual observation are often seen as sufficient and more cost effective than automation, even for key business processes. In this paper we present two new approaches to reduce these costs, and we apply those approaches to rapidly detect blockages in steam pipelines of a production oilfield. First, we eliminate the high cost of bringing power to the field by \emphgenerating electricity from heat, exploiting the high temperature of the very pipelines we monitor. We demonstrate that for temperature differences of 80 \textcelsius or more, we are able to sustain sensornet operation without grid electricity or batteries. Second, we show that \emphnon-invasive sensing can reduce the cost of sensing by avoiding sensors that pierce the pipeline and have high installation cost with interruption to production. Our system instead uses surface temperature to infer full or partial blockages in steam pipelines and full blockages in hot water pipelines. Finally, we evaluate our ``steam-powered sensing'' system to monitor potential blockages in steam pipeline chokes at a production oilfield. We also show the generality of our algorithm by applying it to detect water pipeline blockages in our lab. To our knowledge, this paper describes the first field-tested deployment of an industrial sensornet that employs non-solar energy harvesting.
@InProceedings{Zhang11a,
	author = 	"Chengjie Zhang and Affan Syed and Young H. Cho and John Heidemann",
	title = 	"Steam-Powered Sensing",
	booktitle = 	"Proceedings of the " # "9th" # " ACM {SenSys} Conference ",
	year = 		2011,
	sortdate = "2011-11-01",
	project = "ilense, cisoft",
	jsubject = "sensornet_applications",
	pages = 	"204--217",
	address = 	"Seattle, Washington, USA",
	month = 	nov,
	publisher = 	"ACM",
	location = 	"johnh: pafile",
	keywords = 	"steamflood optimization, energy harvesting,
                  non-invasive detection",
	xdoi = 	"xxx",
	url =		"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Zhang11a.html",
	pdfurl =	"http://www.isi.edu/%7ejohnh/PAPERS/Zhang11a.pdf",
	myorganization =	"USC/Information Sciences Institute",
	copyrightholder = "ACM",
	copyrightterms = "	Permission to make digital or hard  	copies of portions of this work for personal or  	classroom use is granted without fee provided that  	the copies are not made or distributed for profit or  	commercial advantage and that copies bear this  	notice and the full citation on the first page in  	print or the first screen in digital  	media. Copyrights for components of this work owned  	by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with  	credit is permitted.   	otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to  	redistribute to lists, requires prior specific  	permission and/or a fee. Send written requests for  	republication to ACM Publications, Copyright &  	Permissions at the address above or fax +1 (212)  	869-0481 or email permissions@acm.org." ,
	abstract = "Sensornets promise to extend automated monitoring and control into
industrial processes.  In spite of great progress made in sensornet
design, \emph{installation and operational costs} can impede their
widespread adoption---current practices of infrequent, manual
observation are often seen as sufficient and more cost effective than
automation, even for key business processes.  In this paper we present
two new approaches to reduce these costs, and we apply those
approaches to rapidly detect blockages in steam pipelines of a
production oilfield.  First, we eliminate the high cost of bringing
power to the field by \emph{generating electricity from heat},
exploiting the high temperature of the very pipelines we monitor.  We
demonstrate that for temperature differences of 80~\textcelsius~or
more, we are able to sustain sensornet operation without grid
electricity or batteries.  Second, we show that \emph{non-invasive
sensing} can reduce the cost of sensing by avoiding sensors that
pierce the pipeline and have high installation cost with interruption
to production.  Our system instead uses surface temperature to infer
full or partial blockages in steam pipelines and full blockages in hot
water pipelines.  Finally, we evaluate our ``steam-powered sensing''
system to monitor potential blockages in steam pipeline chokes at a
production oilfield.  We also show the generality of our algorithm by
applying it to detect water pipeline blockages in our lab.  To our
knowledge, this paper describes the first field-tested deployment of
an industrial sensornet that employs non-solar energy harvesting.",
}

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