Estrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from murine macrophages. Zhang, X., Wang, L., Zhang, H., Guo, D., Qiao, Z., & Qiao, J. Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, 23(4):169--173, May, 2001.
abstract   bibtex   
During their reproductive years, female have a lower risk for atherosclerosis as compared with age-matched males, although the mechanisms behind this are not clearly understood. Cytokines, including TNF-alpha play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We therefore evaluated whether or not there was any difference between 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in modulating TNF-alpha release from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) in vitro. Cells were incubated with or without physiological concentrations (10(-10)-10(-8) M) of 17 beta-estradiol or testosterone for 48 h, followed by an additional 6 h in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 micrograms/ml). The amount of TNF-alpha released into the culture medium was determined with radioimmunoassay. We found that 17 beta-estradiol or testosterone alone did not affect TNF-alpha release from BMM as compared to untreated controls. Preincubation with 17 beta-estradiol significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha release by 18.15% (p \textless 0.05). 25.28% (p \textless 0.05) and 40.83% (p \textless 0.01) for 10(-10), 10(-9) and 10(-8) M of 17 beta-estradiol, respectively, as compared to LPS alone. In contrast, testosterone tested for 3 concentrations did not significantly effect TNF-alpha release induced by LPS. The results indicate that 17 beta-estradiol, but not testosterone, inhibits TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated macrophages, which may be one of the mechanisms by which estrogen protects against atherosclerosis.
@article{zhang_estrogen_2001,
	title = {Estrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from murine macrophages},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0379-0355},
	abstract = {During their reproductive years, female have a lower risk for atherosclerosis as compared with age-matched males, although the mechanisms behind this are not clearly understood. Cytokines, including TNF-alpha play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We therefore evaluated whether or not there was any difference between 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in modulating TNF-alpha release from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) in vitro. Cells were incubated with or without physiological concentrations (10(-10)-10(-8) M) of 17 beta-estradiol or testosterone for 48 h, followed by an additional 6 h in the absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 micrograms/ml). The amount of TNF-alpha released into the culture medium was determined with radioimmunoassay. We found that 17 beta-estradiol or testosterone alone did not affect TNF-alpha release from BMM as compared to untreated controls. Preincubation with 17 beta-estradiol significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha release by 18.15\% (p {\textless} 0.05). 25.28\% (p {\textless} 0.05) and 40.83\% (p {\textless} 0.01) for 10(-10), 10(-9) and 10(-8) M of 17 beta-estradiol, respectively, as compared to LPS alone. In contrast, testosterone tested for 3 concentrations did not significantly effect TNF-alpha release induced by LPS. The results indicate that 17 beta-estradiol, but not testosterone, inhibits TNF-alpha release from LPS-stimulated macrophages, which may be one of the mechanisms by which estrogen protects against atherosclerosis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Zhang, X. and Wang, L. and Zhang, H. and Guo, D. and Qiao, Z. and Qiao, J.},
	month = may,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11676224},
	keywords = {Animals, Bone Marrow Cells, Cells, Cultured, Estradiol, Female, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Testosterone, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha},
	pages = {169--173}
}

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