Coding of border ownership in monkey visual cortex. Zhou, H., Friedman, H. S., & von der Heydt, R. J. Neurosci., 20(17):6594-6611, 2000. abstract bibtex Areas V1 and V2 of the visual cortex have traditionally been conceived as stages of local feature representations. We investigated whether neural responses carry information about how local features belong to objects. Single-cell activity was recorded in areas V1, V2, and V4 of awake behaving monkeys. Displays were used in which the same local feature (contrast edge or line) could be presented as part of different figures. For example, the same light-dark edge could be the left side of a dark square or the right side of a light square. Each display was also presented with reversed contrast. We found significant modulation of responses as a function of the side of the figure in >50% of neurons of V2 and V4 and in 18% of neurons of the top layers of V1. Thus, besides the local contrast border information, neurons were found to encode the side to which the border belongs ("border ownership coding"). A majority of these neurons coded border ownership and the local polarity of luminance-chromaticity contrast. The others were insensitive to contrast polarity. Another 20% of the neurons of V2 and V4, and 48% of top layer V1, coded local contrast polarity, but not border ownership. The border ownership-related response differences emerged soon (<25 msec) after the response onset. In V2 and V4, the differences were found to be nearly independent of figure size up to the limit set by the size of our display (21 degrees ). Displays that differed only far outside the conventional receptive field could produce markedly different responses. When tested with more complex displays in which figure-ground cues were varied, some neurons produced invariant border ownership signals, others failed to signal border ownership for some of the displays, but neurons that reversed signals were rare. The influence of visual stimulation far from the receptive field center indicates mechanisms of global context integration. The short latencies and incomplete cue invariance suggest that the border-ownership effect is generated within the visual cortex rather than projected down from higher levels.
@article{ Zhou_etal00,
author = {Zhou, H. and Friedman, H. S. and von der Heydt, R.},
title = {Coding of border ownership in monkey visual cortex},
journal = {J. Neurosci.},
year = {2000},
volume = {20},
pages = {6594-6611},
number = {17},
abstract = {Areas V1 and V2 of the visual cortex have traditionally been conceived
as stages of local feature representations. We investigated whether
neural responses carry information about how local features belong
to objects. Single-cell activity was recorded in areas V1, V2, and
V4 of awake behaving monkeys. Displays were used in which the same
local feature (contrast edge or line) could be presented as part
of different figures. For example, the same light-dark edge could
be the left side of a dark square or the right side of a light square.
Each display was also presented with reversed contrast. We found
significant modulation of responses as a function of the side of
the figure in >50% of neurons of V2 and V4 and in 18% of neurons
of the top layers of V1. Thus, besides the local contrast border
information, neurons were found to encode the side to which the border
belongs ("border ownership coding"). A majority of these neurons
coded border ownership and the local polarity of luminance-chromaticity
contrast. The others were insensitive to contrast polarity. Another
20% of the neurons of V2 and V4, and 48% of top layer V1, coded local
contrast polarity, but not border ownership. The border ownership-related
response differences emerged soon (<25 msec) after the response onset.
In V2 and V4, the differences were found to be nearly independent
of figure size up to the limit set by the size of our display (21
degrees ). Displays that differed only far outside the conventional
receptive field could produce markedly different responses. When
tested with more complex displays in which figure-ground cues were
varied, some neurons produced invariant border ownership signals,
others failed to signal border ownership for some of the displays,
but neurons that reversed signals were rare. The influence of visual
stimulation far from the receptive field center indicates mechanisms
of global context integration. The short latencies and incomplete
cue invariance suggest that the border-ownership effect is generated
within the visual cortex rather than projected down from higher levels.
},
en_number = {3.3.3:41}
}
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Each display was also presented with reversed contrast. We found significant modulation of responses as a function of the side of the figure in >50% of neurons of V2 and V4 and in 18% of neurons of the top layers of V1. Thus, besides the local contrast border information, neurons were found to encode the side to which the border belongs (\"border ownership coding\"). A majority of these neurons coded border ownership and the local polarity of luminance-chromaticity contrast. The others were insensitive to contrast polarity. Another 20% of the neurons of V2 and V4, and 48% of top layer V1, coded local contrast polarity, but not border ownership. The border ownership-related response differences emerged soon (<25 msec) after the response onset. In V2 and V4, the differences were found to be nearly independent of figure size up to the limit set by the size of our display (21 degrees ). Displays that differed only far outside the conventional receptive field could produce markedly different responses. When tested with more complex displays in which figure-ground cues were varied, some neurons produced invariant border ownership signals, others failed to signal border ownership for some of the displays, but neurons that reversed signals were rare. The influence of visual stimulation far from the receptive field center indicates mechanisms of global context integration. The short latencies and incomplete cue invariance suggest that the border-ownership effect is generated within the visual cortex rather than projected down from higher levels.","author":["Zhou, H.","Friedman, H. S.","von der Heydt, R."],"author_short":["Zhou, H.","Friedman, H.<nbsp>S.","von<nbsp>der Heydt, R."],"bibtex":"@article{ Zhou_etal00,\n author = {Zhou, H. and Friedman, H. S. and von der Heydt, R.},\n title = {Coding of border ownership in monkey visual cortex},\n journal = {J. Neurosci.},\n year = {2000},\n volume = {20},\n pages = {6594-6611},\n number = {17},\n abstract = {Areas V1 and V2 of the visual cortex have traditionally been conceived\n\tas stages of local feature representations. We investigated whether\n\tneural responses carry information about how local features belong\n\tto objects. Single-cell activity was recorded in areas V1, V2, and\n\tV4 of awake behaving monkeys. Displays were used in which the same\n\tlocal feature (contrast edge or line) could be presented as part\n\tof different figures. For example, the same light-dark edge could\n\tbe the left side of a dark square or the right side of a light square.\n\tEach display was also presented with reversed contrast. We found\n\tsignificant modulation of responses as a function of the side of\n\tthe figure in >50% of neurons of V2 and V4 and in 18% of neurons\n\tof the top layers of V1. Thus, besides the local contrast border\n\tinformation, neurons were found to encode the side to which the border\n\tbelongs (\"border ownership coding\"). A majority of these neurons\n\tcoded border ownership and the local polarity of luminance-chromaticity\n\tcontrast. The others were insensitive to contrast polarity. Another\n\t20% of the neurons of V2 and V4, and 48% of top layer V1, coded local\n\tcontrast polarity, but not border ownership. The border ownership-related\n\tresponse differences emerged soon (<25 msec) after the response onset.\n\tIn V2 and V4, the differences were found to be nearly independent\n\tof figure size up to the limit set by the size of our display (21\n\tdegrees ). Displays that differed only far outside the conventional\n\treceptive field could produce markedly different responses. 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