Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge. Zins, C. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 58(4):479–493, 2007. _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/asi.20508 TLDR: This article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.
Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
The field of Information Science is constantly changing. Therefore, information scientists are required to regularly review—and if necessary—redefine its fundamental building blocks. This article is one of a group of four articles, which resulted from a Critical Delphi study conducted in 2003–2005. The study, “Knowledge Map of Information Science,” was aimed at exploring the foundations of information science. The international panel was composed of 57 leading scholars from 16 countries, who represent (almost) all the major subfields and important aspects of the field. This particular article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.
@article{Zins-2007-ConceptualApproachesDefiningDataInformationKnowledge,
	title = {Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge},
	volume = {58},
	copyright = {Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company},
	issn = {1532-2890},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/asi.20508},
	doi = {10.1002/asi.20508},
	abstract = {The field of Information Science is constantly changing. Therefore, information scientists are required to regularly review—and if necessary—redefine its fundamental building blocks. This article is one of a group of four articles, which resulted from a Critical Delphi study conducted in 2003–2005. The study, “Knowledge Map of Information Science,” was aimed at exploring the foundations of information science. The international panel was composed of 57 leading scholars from 16 countries, who represent (almost) all the major subfields and important aspects of the field. This particular article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-12-19},
	journal = {Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology},
	author = {Zins, Chaim},
	year = {2007},
	note = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/asi.20508
TLDR: This article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.},
	pages = {479--493},
}

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