Back-to-Africa introductions of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Zwyer, M., Rutaihwa, L. K, Windels, E., Hella, J., Menardo, F., Sasamalo, M., Sommer, G., Schmülling, L., Borrell, S., Reinhard, M., Dötsch, A., Hiza, H., Stritt, C., Sikalengo, G., Fenner, L., De Jong, B. C, Kato-Maeda, M., Jugheli, L., Ernst, J. D., Niemann, S., Jeljeli, L., Ballif, M., Egger, M., Rakotosamimanana, N., Yeboah-Manu, D., Asare, P., Malla, B., Dou, H. Y., Zetola, N., Wilkinson, R. J, Cox, H., Carter, E J., Gnokoro, J., Yotebieng, M., Gotuzzo, E., Abimiku, A., Avihingsanon, A., Xu, Z. M., Fellay, J., Portevin, D., Reither, K., Stadler, T., Gagneux, S., & Brites, D. PLOS Pathogens, 19(4):e1010893, Public Library of Science, apr, 2023.
Back-to-Africa introductions of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
In settings with high tuberculosis (TB) endemicity, distinct genotypes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) often differ in prevalence. However, the factors leading to these differences remain poorly understood. Here we studied the MTBC population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania over a six-year period, using 1,082 unique patient-derived MTBC whole-genome sequences (WGS) and associated clinical data. We show that the TB epidemic in Dar es Salaam is dominated by multiple MTBC genotypes introduced to Tanzania from different parts of the world during the last 300 years. The most common MTBC genotypes deriving from these introductions exhibited differences in transmission rates and in the duration of the infectious period, but little differences in overall fitness, as measured by the effective reproductive number. Moreover, measures of disease severity and bacterial load indicated no differences in virulence between these genotypes during active TB. Instead, the combination of an early introduction and a high transmission rate accounted for the high prevalence of L3.1.1, the most dominant MTBC genotype in this setting. Yet, a longer co-existence with the host population did not always result in a higher transmission rate, suggesting that distinct life-history traits have evolved in the different MTBC genotypes. Taken together, our results point to bacterial factors as important determinants of the TB epidemic in Dar es Salaam.
@article{Zwyer2023,
abstract = {In settings with high tuberculosis (TB) endemicity, distinct genotypes of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) often differ in prevalence. However, the factors leading to these differences remain poorly understood. Here we studied the MTBC population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania over a six-year period, using 1,082 unique patient-derived MTBC whole-genome sequences (WGS) and associated clinical data. We show that the TB epidemic in Dar es Salaam is dominated by multiple MTBC genotypes introduced to Tanzania from different parts of the world during the last 300 years. The most common MTBC genotypes deriving from these introductions exhibited differences in transmission rates and in the duration of the infectious period, but little differences in overall fitness, as measured by the effective reproductive number. Moreover, measures of disease severity and bacterial load indicated no differences in virulence between these genotypes during active TB. Instead, the combination of an early introduction and a high transmission rate accounted for the high prevalence of L3.1.1, the most dominant MTBC genotype in this setting. Yet, a longer co-existence with the host population did not always result in a higher transmission rate, suggesting that distinct life-history traits have evolved in the different MTBC genotypes. Taken together, our results point to bacterial factors as important determinants of the TB epidemic in Dar es Salaam.},
author = {Zwyer, Michaela and Rutaihwa, Liliana K and Windels, Etthel and Hella, Jerry and Menardo, Fabrizio and Sasamalo, Mohamed and Sommer, Gregor and Schm{\"{u}}lling, Lena and Borrell, Sonia and Reinhard, Miriam and D{\"{o}}tsch, Anna and Hiza, Hellen and Stritt, Christoph and Sikalengo, George and Fenner, Lukas and {De Jong}, Bouke C and Kato-Maeda, Midori and Jugheli, Levan and Ernst, Joel D. and Niemann, Stefan and Jeljeli, Leila and Ballif, Marie and Egger, Matthias and Rakotosamimanana, Niaina and Yeboah-Manu, Dorothy and Asare, Prince and Malla, Bijaya and Dou, Horng Yunn and Zetola, Nicolas and Wilkinson, Robert J and Cox, Helen and Carter, E Jane and Gnokoro, Joachim and Yotebieng, Marcel and Gotuzzo, Eduardo and Abimiku, Alash'le and Avihingsanon, Anchalee and Xu, Zhi Ming and Fellay, Jacques and Portevin, Damien and Reither, Klaus and Stadler, Tanja and Gagneux, Sebastien and Brites, Daniela},
doi = {10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.1010893},
editor = {Boshoff, Helena Ingrid},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Zwyer et al. - 2023 - Back-to-Africa introductions of iMycobacterium tuberculosisi as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, T.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1111111111},
issn = {1553-7374},
journal = {PLOS Pathogens},
keywords = {Africa,Asia,Genomics,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,OA,Phylogenetic analysis,Phylogeography,Tanzania,Tuberculosis,fund{\_}ack,original},
mendeley-tags = {OA,fund{\_}ack,original},
month = {apr},
number = {4},
pages = {e1010893},
pmid = {37014917},
publisher = {Public Library of Science},
title = {{Back-to-Africa introductions of \textit{Mycobacterium tuberculosis} as the main cause of tuberculosis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}},
url = {https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1010893},
volume = {19},
year = {2023}
}
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