Is pornography use related to erectile functioning? Results from cross-sectional and latent growth curve analyses. Grubbs, J. B. & Gola, M. The journal of sexual medicine, 16(1):111–125, February, 2019.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence to the contrary, a number of advocacy and self-help groups persist in claiming that internet pornography use is driving an epidemic of erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM: The present work sought to explore whether mere pornography use itself and self-reported problematic use of pornography are related to ED, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS: A series of 3 samples of sexually active men who also used pornography were collected: a cross-sectional sample of undergraduate men in the United States (n = 147), an online sample of men derived from a larger sample that was matched to U.S. nationally representative norms (n = 297), and a 1-year, 4-wave longitudinal sample of adult men derived from an online convenience sample (Mechanical Turk: time 1, n = 433; time 2, n = 223; time 3, n = 202; time 4, n = 196). Pearson correlations and cross-sectional structural equation models were conducted in each sample. Latent growth curve analyses were conducted in the longitudinal sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcomes of interest were cross-sectional and longitudinal reports of erectile functioning as measured by the International Index of Erectile Functioning 5. RESULTS: Across all 3 samples, there was evidence of a positive, cross-sectional association between self-reported problematic use and ED, but no consistent association between mere use itself and ED. In our longitudinal sample, there were correlations among baseline pornography use, baseline self-reported problematic use, and prospective ED at times 2-4; however, latent growth curve analyses demonstrated no significant relationships between any pornography-related variables and trajectories of ED. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These results suggest that among non-treatment-seeking pornography users, self-reported problematic use likely is associated with concurrent reports of ED, but that the links between these variables are not directional or causal in nature. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: This work is the first work to systematically examine the links between self-reported problematic use of pornography and ED, and it did so in a variety of samples, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Even so, the work relied exclusively on self-report methods, and did not control for medical covariates that may be related to the experience of ED. CONCLUSION: In conjunction with prior literature, we conclude that there is little or no evidence of an association between mere pornography use and ED, consistent evidence of an association between self-reported problematic use and ED cross-sectionally, and no evidence of causal links between any pornography variables and ED. Grubbs JB, Gola M. Is Pornography Use Related to Erectile Functioning? Results From Cross-Sectional and Latent Growth Curve Analyses. J Sex Med 2019;16:111-125.
@article{grubbs_is_2019,
	title = {Is pornography use related to erectile functioning? {Results} from cross-sectional  and latent growth curve analyses.},
	volume = {16},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2018 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1743-6109 1743-6095},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.11.004},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence to the contrary, a number of advocacy and self-help groups persist in claiming that internet pornography use is driving an  epidemic of erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM: The present work sought to explore whether mere pornography use itself and self-reported problematic use of pornography are related to ED, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS: A series of 3 samples of sexually active men who also used pornography were collected: a cross-sectional sample of undergraduate men in the United States (n = 147), an online sample of men derived from a larger sample that was matched to U.S. nationally representative norms (n = 297), and a 1-year, 4-wave longitudinal sample of adult men derived from an online convenience sample (Mechanical Turk: time 1, n = 433; time 2, n = 223; time 3, n = 202; time 4, n =  196). Pearson correlations and cross-sectional structural equation models were conducted in each sample. Latent growth curve analyses were conducted in the longitudinal sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcomes of interest were  cross-sectional and longitudinal reports of erectile functioning as measured by the International Index of Erectile Functioning 5. RESULTS: Across all 3 samples, there was evidence of a positive, cross-sectional association between self-reported problematic use and ED, but no consistent association between mere  use itself and ED. In our longitudinal sample, there were correlations among baseline pornography use, baseline self-reported problematic use, and prospective ED at times 2-4; however, latent growth curve analyses demonstrated no significant relationships between any pornography-related variables and trajectories of ED. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: These results suggest that among non-treatment-seeking pornography users, self-reported problematic use likely is  associated with concurrent reports of ED, but that the links between these variables are not directional or causal in nature. STRENGTH \& LIMITATIONS: This work is the first work to systematically examine the links between self-reported  problematic use of pornography and ED, and it did so in a variety of samples, using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods. Even so, the work relied exclusively on self-report methods, and did not control for medical covariates that may be related to the experience of ED. CONCLUSION: In conjunction with prior literature, we conclude that there is little or no evidence of an association between mere pornography use and ED, consistent evidence of an association between self-reported problematic use and ED cross-sectionally, and no evidence of causal links between any pornography variables and ED. Grubbs JB,  Gola M. Is Pornography Use Related to Erectile Functioning? Results From Cross-Sectional and Latent Growth Curve Analyses. J Sex Med 2019;16:111-125.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The journal of sexual medicine},
	author = {Grubbs, Joshua B. and Gola, Mateusz},
	month = feb,
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {30621919},
	keywords = {*Addiction, *Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder, *Erectile Dysfunction, *Hypersexual Behavior, *Moral Incongruence, *Pornography, Addiction, Adolescent, Adult, Compulsions, Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Erectile Dysfunction, Erectile Dysfunction/*epidemiology, Erotica/*psychology, Humans, Hypersexual Behavior, Male, Middle Aged, Moral Incongruence, Penile Erection/*physiology, Pornography, Prospective Studies, Self Report, Sexual Addiction, Students/statistics \& numerical data, Young Adult},
	pages = {111--125},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/L543PFPB/Grubbs and Gola - 2019 - Is Pornography Use Related to Erectile Functioning.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/6TI3WUFK/S1743609518312852.html:text/html},
}
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