Self, struggle, and soul: Linking personality, self-concept, and religious/spiritual struggle. Grubbs, J. B., Wilt, J., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., & Pargament, K. I. Personality and Individual Differences, 101:144–152, April, 2016.
Self, struggle, and soul: Linking personality, self-concept, and religious/spiritual struggle [link]Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   
Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles are common experiences and robust predictors of poor mental and physical health outcomes. The present study sought to examine the role of personality and self-concept in predicting r/s struggles both concurrently and longitudinally. Four samples were collected (total N=5015), involving three cross-sectional samples of undergraduates and a cross-sectional and 1-month longitudinal sample of adult web-users. Across samples, aspects of personality (e.g., low self-esteem, high entitlement, high neuroticism) consistently predicted the concurrent experience of r/s struggles. Longitudinally, facets of self-concept (e.g., low self-esteem, low agreeableness) also predicted r/s struggle, even when baseline levels of r/s struggle were controlled, further demonstrating that personality and self-concept likely play a role in the experience of r/s struggles.
@article{grubbs_self_2016,
	title = {Self, struggle, and soul: {Linking} personality, self-concept, and religious/spiritual struggle},
	volume = {101},
	copyright = {All rights reserved},
	issn = {0191-8869},
	shorttitle = {Self, struggle, and soul},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886916307267},
	doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.365},
	abstract = {Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles are common experiences and robust predictors of poor mental and physical health outcomes. The present study sought to examine the role of personality and self-concept in predicting r/s struggles both concurrently and longitudinally. Four samples were collected (total N=5015), involving three cross-sectional samples of undergraduates and a cross-sectional and 1-month longitudinal sample of adult web-users. Across samples, aspects of personality (e.g., low self-esteem, high entitlement, high neuroticism) consistently predicted the concurrent experience of r/s struggles. Longitudinally, facets of self-concept (e.g., low self-esteem, low agreeableness) also predicted r/s struggle, even when baseline levels of r/s struggle were controlled, further demonstrating that personality and self-concept likely play a role in the experience of r/s struggles.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2020-02-18},
	journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
	author = {Grubbs, Joshua B. and Wilt, Joshua and Stauner, Nicholas and Exline, Julie J. and Pargament, Kenneth I.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Big five, Entitlement, Religion, Self compassion, Self concept, Self esteem, Spirituality},
	pages = {144--152},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/LKTTZQTZ/Grubbs et al. - 2016 - Self, struggle, and soul Linking personality, sel.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/joshuab.grubbs/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-joshuagrubbsphd@gmail.com/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/VP7CIHVZ/S0191886916307267.html:text/html},
}
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