Self, Struggle, and Soul: Linking Personality, Self-Concept, and Religious/Spiritual Struggle. Grubbs, J. B., Wilt, J., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., & Pargament, K. I. Personality and Individual Differences, 101:144–152, April, 2016.
doi  abstract   bibtex   
Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles are common experiences and robust predictors of poor mental and physical health outcomes. The present study sought to examine the role of personality and self-concept in predicting r/s struggles both concurrently and longitudinally. Four samples were collected (total N=5015), involving three cross-sectional samples of undergraduates and a cross-sectional and 1-month longitudinal sample of adult web-users. Across samples, aspects of personality (e.g., low self-esteem, high entitlement, high neuroticism) consistently predicted the concurrent experience of r/s struggles. Longitudinally, facets of self-concept (e.g., low self-esteem, low agreeableness) also predicted r/s struggle, even when baseline levels of r/s struggle were controlled, further demonstrating that personality and self-concept likely play a role in the experience of r/s struggles.
@article{grubbsSelfStruggleSoul2016,
  title = {Self, Struggle, and Soul: {{Linking}} Personality, Self-Concept, and Religious/Spiritual Struggle},
  shorttitle = {Self, Struggle, and Soul},
  author = {Grubbs, Joshua B. and Wilt, Joshua and Stauner, Nicholas and Exline, Julie J. and Pargament, Kenneth I.},
  year = {2016},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
  volume = {101},
  pages = {144--152},
  issn = {0191-8869},
  doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.365},
  abstract = {Religious and spiritual (r/s) struggles are common experiences and robust predictors of poor mental and physical health outcomes. The present study sought to examine the role of personality and self-concept in predicting r/s struggles both concurrently and longitudinally. Four samples were collected (total N=5015), involving three cross-sectional samples of undergraduates and a cross-sectional and 1-month longitudinal sample of adult web-users. Across samples, aspects of personality (e.g., low self-esteem, high entitlement, high neuroticism) consistently predicted the concurrent experience of r/s struggles. Longitudinally, facets of self-concept (e.g., low self-esteem, low agreeableness) also predicted r/s struggle, even when baseline levels of r/s struggle were controlled, further demonstrating that personality and self-concept likely play a role in the experience of r/s struggles.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Big five,Entitlement,Religion,Self compassion,Self concept,Self esteem,Spirituality},
  file = {/Volumes/GoogleDrive/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/LKTTZQTZ/Grubbs et al. - 2016 - Self, struggle, and soul Linking personality, sel.pdf;/Volumes/GoogleDrive/My Drive/Manuscripts/Zotero/storage/VP7CIHVZ/S0191886916307267.html}
}
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