@article{
 title = {Impairments in error processing and their association with ADHD symptoms in individuals born preterm},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Anna-Sophie Rommel,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / et,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / ph,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / ps,Case-Control Studies,Child,Cognitive Dysfunction / etiology,Cognitive Dysfunction / physiopathology,Cognitive Dysfunction / psychology,Conflict,Electroencephalography,Evoked Potentials,Extramural,Female,Humans,Infant,Jonna Kuntsi,MEDLINE,Male,N.I.H.,NCBI,NIH,NLM,National Center for Biotechnology Information,National Institutes of Health,National Library of Medicine,Neuropsychological Tests,Newborn,Non-U.S. Gov't,PMC6459538,Premature Birth / physiopathology,Premature Birth / psychology*,Psychological,Psychomotor Performance,PubMed Abstract,Research Support,Risk Factors,Sarah-Naomi James,Young Adult,doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214864,pmid:30973908},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30973908/},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 day = {1},
 id = {15129f98-7488-3f05-a298-1bda67ca020f},
 created = {2020-09-30T18:42:09.193Z},
 accessed = {2020-09-30},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {031c901b-e377-3792-995f-e5d0201f5174},
 last_modified = {2021-04-08T19:09:07.460Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {587bd3ee-2583-429f-bd31-12ed8aa89b37},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Preterm birth is associated with heightened risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like symptoms and neurocognitive impairments, including impairments in performance monitoring. Here, we investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological processes from a performance-monitoring task in preterm-born adolescents and examine whether these processes in preterm-born adolescents reflect identical neurophysiological impairments to those observed in term-born adolescents with ADHD. We compared 186 pretermborn individuals to 69 term-born individuals with ADHD and 135 term-born controls on cognitive- performance measures and event-related potentials (ERPs) of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN, Pe) from a flanker task. Preterm-born adolescents demonstrated reduced N2, ERN and Pe amplitudes, compared to controls, and similar ERN and Pe impairments to term-born adolescents with ADHD. While ADHD symptoms correlated with ERN amplitude at FCz among the preterm-born, ERN amplitude at Fz, N2 and Pe amplitude were not associated with ADHD symptoms. Preterm-born individuals show impairments on neurophysiological indices of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN and Pe). Early neurophysiological error processing may be a marker underlying the processes linked to the increased risk for ADHD among preterm-born individuals. Error detection processes are malleable and potential targets for non-pharmacological interventions. Preterm-born individuals are likely to benefit from early interventions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rommel, Anna-Sophie and James, Sarah Naomi and Mcloughlin, Gráinne and Michelini, Giorgia and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and Asherson, Philip and Kuntsi, Jonna},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0214864},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {4}
}

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Here, we investigate the cognitive and neurophysiological processes from a performance-monitoring task in preterm-born adolescents and examine whether these processes in preterm-born adolescents reflect identical neurophysiological impairments to those observed in term-born adolescents with ADHD. We compared 186 pretermborn individuals to 69 term-born individuals with ADHD and 135 term-born controls on cognitive- performance measures and event-related potentials (ERPs) of conflict monitoring (N2) and error processing (ERN, Pe) from a flanker task. Preterm-born adolescents demonstrated reduced N2, ERN and Pe amplitudes, compared to controls, and similar ERN and Pe impairments to term-born adolescents with ADHD. While ADHD symptoms correlated with ERN amplitude at FCz among the preterm-born, ERN amplitude at Fz, N2 and Pe amplitude were not associated with ADHD symptoms. 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