@article{
 title = {Long‐term shift towards shady and nutrient‐rich habitats in Central European temperate forests},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 keywords = {biodiversity,change,forest succession,forest understory,global change,long-term,plant community,vegetation},
 websites = {https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.19587},
 id = {ad9f2cc4-83ac-381f-b35e-c21b94f7ebe3},
 created = {2024-03-07T13:47:44.763Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2024-03-07T13:47:47.892Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Biodiversity world‐wide has been under increasing anthropogenic pressure in the past century. The long‐term response of biotic communities has been tackled primarily by focusing on species richness, community composition and functionality. Equally important are shifts between entire communities and habitat types, which remain an unexplored level of biodiversity change. We have resurveyed > 2000 vegetation plots in temperate forests in central Europe to capture changes over an average of five decades. The plots were assigned to eight broad forest habitat types using an algorithmic classification system. We analysed transitions between the habitat types and interpreted the trend in terms of changes in environmental conditions. We identified a directional shift along the combined gradients of canopy openness and soil nutrients. Nutrient‐poor open‐canopy forest habitats have declined strongly in favour of fertile closed‐canopy habitats. However, the shift was not uniform across the whole gradients. We conclude that the shifts in habitat types represent a century‐long successional trend with significant consequences for forest biodiversity. Open forest habitats should be urgently targeted for plant diversity restoration through the implementation of active management. The approach presented here can be applied to other habitat types and at different spatio‐temporal scales.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Chudomelová, Markéta and Macek, Martin and Kopecký, Martin and Prach, Jindřich and Petřík, Petr and Halas, Petr and Juříček, Michal and Smyčková, Marie and Šebesta, Jan and Vojík, Martin and Hédl, Radim},
 doi = {10.1111/nph.19587},
 journal = {New Phytologist}
}

Biodiversity world‐wide has been under increasing anthropogenic pressure in the past century. The long‐term response of biotic communities has been tackled primarily by focusing on species richness, community composition and functionality. Equally important are shifts between entire communities and habitat types, which remain an unexplored level of biodiversity change. We have resurveyed > 2000 vegetation plots in temperate forests in central Europe to capture changes over an average of five decades. The plots were assigned to eight broad forest habitat types using an algorithmic classification system. We analysed transitions between the habitat types and interpreted the trend in terms of changes in environmental conditions. We identified a directional shift along the combined gradients of canopy openness and soil nutrients. Nutrient‐poor open‐canopy forest habitats have declined strongly in favour of fertile closed‐canopy habitats. However, the shift was not uniform across the whole gradients. We conclude that the shifts in habitat types represent a century‐long successional trend with significant consequences for forest biodiversity. Open forest habitats should be urgently targeted for plant diversity restoration through the implementation of active management. The approach presented here can be applied to other habitat types and at different spatio‐temporal scales.

@article{
 title = {Historical sampling error : A neglected factor in long-term biodiversity change research},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {conservation management},
 pages = {1-7},
 volume = {286},
 id = {6ad3baba-a8af-30c7-9e81-445bbcdeb5b3},
 created = {2023-10-06T09:35:33.329Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2024-02-04T17:55:55.934Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Douda, Jan and Doudová, Jana and Havrdov, Alena and Pet, Petr and Boublík, Karel and Cern, Marie and Pychov, Nikola and Sebesta, Jan and Smy, Marie},
 doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110317},
 journal = {Biological Conservation},
 number = {September}
}

@article{
 title = {A synthesis of multi-taxa management experiments to guide forest biodiversity conservation in Europe},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Deadwood,Forestry treatment,Gap cutting,Microhabitat enrichment,Multi-taxon,Thinning},
 volume = {46},
 id = {f2aa2431-516c-39e8-a206-97765a910856},
 created = {2024-02-06T14:55:59.925Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2024-02-06T14:56:10.110Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 notes = {biodiversity in Europe in recent years (Seibold et al., 2015; de Groot et al., 2016; Schall et al., 2018; Lelli et al., 2019).},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Most European forests are used for timber production. Given the limited extent of unmanaged (and especially primary) forests, it is essential to include commercial forests in the conservation of forest biodiversity. In order to develop ecologically sustainable forest management practices, it is important to understand the management impacts on forest-dwelling organisms. Experiments allow testing the effects of alternative management strategies, and monitoring of multiple taxa informs us on the response range across forest-dwelling organisms. To provide a representative picture of the currently available information, metadata on 28 multi-taxa forest management experiments were collected from 14 European countries. We demonstrate the potential of compiling these experiments in a single network to upscale results from the local to continental level and indicate directions for future research. Among the different forest types, temperate deciduous beech and oak-dominated forests are the best represented in the multi-taxa management experiments. Of all the experimental treatments, innovative ways of traditional management techniques (e.g., gap cutting and thinning) and conservation-oriented interventions (e.g., microhabitat enrichment) provide the best opportunity for large-scale analyses. Regarding the organism groups, woody regeneration, herbs, fungi, beetles, bryophytes, birds and lichens offer the largest potential for addressing management–biodiversity relationships at the European level. We identified knowledge gaps regarding boreal, hemiboreal and broadleaved evergreen forests, the treatments of large herbivore exclusion, prescribed burning and forest floor or water manipulations, and the monitoring of soil-dwelling organisms and some vertebrate classes, e.g., amphibians, reptiles and mammals. To improve multi-site comparisons, design of future experiments should be fitted to the set-up of the ongoing projects and standardised biodiversity sampling is suggested. However, the network described here opens the way to learn lessons on the impact on forest biodiversity of different management techniques at the continental level, and thus, supports biodiversity conservation in managed forests.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tinya, Flóra and Doerfler, Inken and de Groot, Maarten and Heilman-Clausen, Jacob and Kovács, Bence and Mårell, Anders and Nordén, Björn and Aszalós, Réka and Bässler, Claus and Brazaitis, Gediminas and Burrascano, Sabina and Camprodon, Jordi and Chudomelová, Markéta and Čížek, Lukáš and D'Andrea, Ettore and Gossner, Martin and Halme, Panu and Hédl, Radim and Korboulewsky, Nathalie and Kouki, Jari and Kozel, Petr and Lõhmus, Asko and López, Rosana and Máliš, František and Martín, Juan A. and Matteucci, Giorgio and Mattioli, Walter and Mundet, Roser and Müller, Jörg and Nicolas, Manuel and Oldén, Anna and Piqué, Míriam and Preikša, Žydrūnas and Rovira Ciuró, Joan and Remm, Liina and Schall, Peter and Šebek, Pavel and Seibold, Sebastian and Simončič, Primož and Ujházy, Karol and Ujházyová, Mariana and Vild, Ondřej and Vincenot, Lucie and Weisser, Wolfgang and Ódor, Péter},
 doi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02553},
 journal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},
 number = {March}
}

Most European forests are used for timber production. Given the limited extent of unmanaged (and especially primary) forests, it is essential to include commercial forests in the conservation of forest biodiversity. In order to develop ecologically sustainable forest management practices, it is important to understand the management impacts on forest-dwelling organisms. Experiments allow testing the effects of alternative management strategies, and monitoring of multiple taxa informs us on the response range across forest-dwelling organisms. To provide a representative picture of the currently available information, metadata on 28 multi-taxa forest management experiments were collected from 14 European countries. We demonstrate the potential of compiling these experiments in a single network to upscale results from the local to continental level and indicate directions for future research. Among the different forest types, temperate deciduous beech and oak-dominated forests are the best represented in the multi-taxa management experiments. Of all the experimental treatments, innovative ways of traditional management techniques (e.g., gap cutting and thinning) and conservation-oriented interventions (e.g., microhabitat enrichment) provide the best opportunity for large-scale analyses. Regarding the organism groups, woody regeneration, herbs, fungi, beetles, bryophytes, birds and lichens offer the largest potential for addressing management–biodiversity relationships at the European level. We identified knowledge gaps regarding boreal, hemiboreal and broadleaved evergreen forests, the treatments of large herbivore exclusion, prescribed burning and forest floor or water manipulations, and the monitoring of soil-dwelling organisms and some vertebrate classes, e.g., amphibians, reptiles and mammals. To improve multi-site comparisons, design of future experiments should be fitted to the set-up of the ongoing projects and standardised biodiversity sampling is suggested. However, the network described here opens the way to learn lessons on the impact on forest biodiversity of different management techniques at the continental level, and thus, supports biodiversity conservation in managed forests.

@article{
 title = {Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {466-482},
 volume = {25},
 id = {fb479cb1-320d-3d15-89d3-bbcdfd27ab9c},
 created = {2023-06-22T13:07:05.250Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2023-10-11T08:37:02.863Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Staude, Ingmar R. and Pereira, Henrique Miguel and Daskalova, Gergana N. and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Diekmann, Martin and Pauli, Harald and Van Calster, Hans and Vellend, Mark and Bjorkman, Anne D. and Brunet, Jörg and De Frenne, Pieter and Hédl, Radim and Jandt, Ute and Lenoir, Jonathan and Myers-Smith, Isla H. and Verheyen, Kris and Wipf, Sonja and Wulf, Monika and Andrews, Christopher and Barančok, Peter and Barni, Elena and Benito-Alonso, José Luis and Bennie, Jonathan and Berki, Imre and Blüml, Volker and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Dick, Jan and Dirnböck, Thomas and Durak, Tomasz and Eriksson, Ove and Erschbamer, Brigitta and Graae, Bente Jessen and Heinken, Thilo and Schei, Fride Høistad and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Kopecký, Martin and Kudernatsch, Thomas and Macek, Martin and Malicki, Marek and Máliš, František and Michelsen, Ottar and Naaf, Tobias and Nagel, Thomas A. and Newton, Adrian C. and Nicklas, Lena and Oddi, Ludovica and Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne and Palaj, Andrej and Petraglia, Alessandro and Petřík, Petr and Pielech, Remigiusz and Porro, Francesco and Puşcaş, Mihai and Reczyńska, Kamila and Rixen, Christian and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Steinbauer, Klaus and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Teleki, Balázs and Theurillat, Jean Paul and Turtureanu, Pavel Dan and Ursu, Tudor Mihai and Vanneste, Thomas and Vergeer, Philippine and Vild, Ondřej and Villar, Luis and Vittoz, Pascal and Winkler, Manuela and Baeten, Lander},
 doi = {10.1111/ele.13937},
 journal = {Ecology Letters},
 number = {2}
}

Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.

@article{
 title = {ClimPlant: Realized climatic niches of vascular plants in European forest understoreys},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {1183-1190},
 volume = {30},
 id = {07d83422-4f60-3195-80e9-bca494889ee3},
 created = {2021-04-19T14:02:51.847Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-10-27T11:34:09.455Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Motivation: Detailed knowledge on the climatic tolerances of species is crucial to un},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vangansbeke, Pieter and Máliš, František and Hédl, Radim and Chudomelová, Markéta and Vild, Ondřej and Wulf, Monika and Jahn, Ute and Welk, Erik and Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco and De Frenne, Pieter},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13303},
 journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
 number = {6}
}

Motivation: Detailed knowledge on the climatic tolerances of species is crucial to un

@article{
 title = {“Lianification” or liana invasion – is there a difference?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {377-378},
 volume = {19},
 id = {34e5b25b-f03f-3db2-8979-87de59423804},
 created = {2021-09-07T11:42:37.951Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-09-24T15:23:40.781Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Perring, Michael P. and De Frenne, Pieter and Hertzog, Lionel R and Blondeel, Haben and Depauw, Leen and Maes, Sybryn L and Wasof, Safaa and Verbeeck, Hans and Verheyen, Kris},
 doi = {10.1002/fee.2393},
 journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
 number = {7}
}

@article{
 title = {Holocene plant diversity dynamics show a distinct biogeographical pattern in temperate Europe},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Central Europe,Postglacial,biogeographical regions,diversity trends,pollen richness,spatial patterns,vascular plants},
 pages = {1366-1376},
 volume = {48},
 id = {afd6a806-f84e-3491-8942-6d01a5e12ee7},
 created = {2021-10-17T07:12:52.680Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2022-03-24T07:55:47.272Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Aim: Pollen has been used before to reconstruct Holocene plant diversity changes in broadly delimited regions such as continents and countries. In this study we ask whether finer-scale differences in plant diversity, which are of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, are also detectable in the fossil pollen record coming from a single, biogeographically complex region of temperate Europe. Location: Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia). Taxon: Vascular plants. Methods: Fossil pollen extracted from 18 high-quality profiles was used as a proxy of past plant diversity. Pollen counts of tree taxa were corrected by pollen productivities and pollen assemblages were resampled to 100 grains per sample and 150 grains per 500-year time window. SiZer analysis was used to test and visualize multi-scale diversity patterns. SiZer maps were compared using principal coordinate analysis, and linear modelling was used to identify the best predictors. Pollen composition was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. K-means clustering and indicator species analysis were used to interpret ordination results. Results: Mean Holocene plant diversity is significantly predicted by latitude, whilst its temporal pattern varies by biogeographical region. Major differences were found between the Mesic and Montane Hercynia (relatively low diversity, increasing only in the Late Holocene) and Pannonia, the Carpathians and the Warm Hercynia (higher diversity, increasing from the Early or Middle Holocene onwards). The low diversity in the Middle and Late Holocene is associated with the prevalence of woody and acidophilic taxa. High diversity is associated with numerous grassland and minerotrophic wetland taxa, crops and weeds. Main conclusions: Plant diversity and its changes during the Holocene are geographically structured across temperate Europe. The main causes appear to be differences between biogeographical regions in the dynamics of landscape openness and vegetation composition. The differences reflect spatial patterns in climate and human impact and their temporal changes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roleček, Jan and Abraham, Vojtěch and Vild, Ondřej and Svobodová-Svitavská, Helena and Jamrichová, Eva and Plesková, Zuzana and Pokorný, Petr and Kuneš, Petr},
 doi = {10.1111/jbi.14082},
 journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
 number = {6}
}

Aim: Pollen has been used before to reconstruct Holocene plant diversity changes in broadly delimited regions such as continents and countries. In this study we ask whether finer-scale differences in plant diversity, which are of interest to biogeographers and ecologists, are also detectable in the fossil pollen record coming from a single, biogeographically complex region of temperate Europe. Location: Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovakia). Taxon: Vascular plants. Methods: Fossil pollen extracted from 18 high-quality profiles was used as a proxy of past plant diversity. Pollen counts of tree taxa were corrected by pollen productivities and pollen assemblages were resampled to 100 grains per sample and 150 grains per 500-year time window. SiZer analysis was used to test and visualize multi-scale diversity patterns. SiZer maps were compared using principal coordinate analysis, and linear modelling was used to identify the best predictors. Pollen composition was analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. K-means clustering and indicator species analysis were used to interpret ordination results. Results: Mean Holocene plant diversity is significantly predicted by latitude, whilst its temporal pattern varies by biogeographical region. Major differences were found between the Mesic and Montane Hercynia (relatively low diversity, increasing only in the Late Holocene) and Pannonia, the Carpathians and the Warm Hercynia (higher diversity, increasing from the Early or Middle Holocene onwards). The low diversity in the Middle and Late Holocene is associated with the prevalence of woody and acidophilic taxa. High diversity is associated with numerous grassland and minerotrophic wetland taxa, crops and weeds. Main conclusions: Plant diversity and its changes during the Holocene are geographically structured across temperate Europe. The main causes appear to be differences between biogeographical regions in the dynamics of landscape openness and vegetation composition. The differences reflect spatial patterns in climate and human impact and their temporal changes.

@article{
 title = {Drivers of macrophyte and diatom diversity in a shallow hypertrophic lake},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Automatic sensor system,Central Europe,Epiphytic dia-toms,Fish farming,Freshwater algae,Functional species groups,Threatened species,Vascular plants,Wave action,Wetland vegetation},
 volume = {13},
 id = {ab31b636-85d1-305a-b5b2-306825579f06},
 created = {2021-10-17T07:12:52.926Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-10-17T07:13:25.432Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We studied macrophyte and diatom assemblages and a range of environmental factors in the large hypertrophic Dehtář fishpond (Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic) over the course of several growing seasons. The spatial diversity of the environment was considered when collecting diatoms and water samples in three distinct parts of the fishpond, where automatic sensor stations continually measuring basic factors were established. Macrophytes were mapped in 30 segments of the fishpond littoral altogether. High species richness and spatiotemporal variability were found in assemblages of these groups of autotrophs. Water level fluctuations, caused by the interaction of fish farming management and climatic extremes, were identified as one of the most important factors shaping the structure and species composition of diatom and macrophyte assemblages. The distance of the sampling sites from large inflows reflected well the spatial variability within the fishpond, with important differences in duration of bottom drainage and exposure to disturbances in different parts of the fishpond. Disturbances caused by intensive wave action are most probably a crucial factor allowing the coexistence of species with different nutrient requirements under the hypertrophic conditions of the Dehtář fishpond. Due to a range of variables tested and climatic extremes encountered, our study may be considered as a basis for predictive model constructions in similar hypertrophic water bodies under a progressing climate change.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Šumberová, Kateřina and Vild, Ondřej and Ducháček, Michal and Fabšičová, Martina and Potužák, Jan and Fránková, Markéta},
 doi = {10.3390/w13111569},
 journal = {Water (Switzerland)},
 number = {11}
}

We studied macrophyte and diatom assemblages and a range of environmental factors in the large hypertrophic Dehtář fishpond (Southern Bohemia, Czech Republic) over the course of several growing seasons. The spatial diversity of the environment was considered when collecting diatoms and water samples in three distinct parts of the fishpond, where automatic sensor stations continually measuring basic factors were established. Macrophytes were mapped in 30 segments of the fishpond littoral altogether. High species richness and spatiotemporal variability were found in assemblages of these groups of autotrophs. Water level fluctuations, caused by the interaction of fish farming management and climatic extremes, were identified as one of the most important factors shaping the structure and species composition of diatom and macrophyte assemblages. The distance of the sampling sites from large inflows reflected well the spatial variability within the fishpond, with important differences in duration of bottom drainage and exposure to disturbances in different parts of the fishpond. Disturbances caused by intensive wave action are most probably a crucial factor allowing the coexistence of species with different nutrient requirements under the hypertrophic conditions of the Dehtář fishpond. Due to a range of variables tested and climatic extremes encountered, our study may be considered as a basis for predictive model constructions in similar hypertrophic water bodies under a progressing climate change.

@article{
 title = {Long-term exclosure of sheep-grazing from an ancient wood: Vegetation change after a sixty-year experiment},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {ecological succession,forest management,grazing intensity,herbaceous layer,long-term change,species diversity,temperate woodland,tree regeneration,vegetation monitoring},
 pages = {1-10},
 volume = {24},
 id = {f3d5e237-12c1-3ca6-b28e-8c53bd3f5e41},
 created = {2021-11-01T13:10:24.999Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-11-01T13:10:30.598Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Question: An ancient woodland site with a long history of coppicing and heavy grazing was protected from domesticated stock in 1955. Results of a vegetation-monitoring experiment were subsequently published in 1983. This study followed up the original research to investigate whether observed trends were as predicted. These included a shift in tree species composition in favour of shade-tolerant species, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), at the expense of light-demanding birch (Betula spp.) and oak (Quercus petraea agg.), and progress towards a typical woodland ground flora. Location: Peak District National Park, United Kingdom. Methods: The mixed oak–birch woodland was re-surveyed in 2011. Two enclosures (1955 and 1980s) and an unenclosed control area were investigated. Overstorey structure and composition was assessed by measuring canopy openness and the girths of all trees and saplings. Herb layer species composition was also recorded in 28 vegetation plots. Results: We demonstrated a progressive decline in the number of mature oaks and birch in the old enclosure although they still regenerated successfully. Only a few individuals of beech and rowan appeared. Herb layer species composition differed between the subareas but since the 1980s, the temporal change in the old enclosure was negligible. The new enclosure followed a similar pattern in both canopy and herb layer as observed in the early years in the old enclosure. However, the control subarea had no regeneration of woody species and limited ground flora. Conclusions: After nearly 60 years, the replacement of light-demanding dominants by shade-tolerant trees was still limited, probably by low pH and stable light conditions. The findings are pertinent to the impacts of large herbivore grazing (domestic stock or wild) on woodland dynamics.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Douglas Rotherham, Ian},
 doi = {10.1111/avsc.12543},
 journal = {Applied Vegetation Science},
 number = {1}
}

Question: An ancient woodland site with a long history of coppicing and heavy grazing was protected from domesticated stock in 1955. Results of a vegetation-monitoring experiment were subsequently published in 1983. This study followed up the original research to investigate whether observed trends were as predicted. These included a shift in tree species composition in favour of shade-tolerant species, beech (Fagus sylvatica) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), at the expense of light-demanding birch (Betula spp.) and oak (Quercus petraea agg.), and progress towards a typical woodland ground flora. Location: Peak District National Park, United Kingdom. Methods: The mixed oak–birch woodland was re-surveyed in 2011. Two enclosures (1955 and 1980s) and an unenclosed control area were investigated. Overstorey structure and composition was assessed by measuring canopy openness and the girths of all trees and saplings. Herb layer species composition was also recorded in 28 vegetation plots. Results: We demonstrated a progressive decline in the number of mature oaks and birch in the old enclosure although they still regenerated successfully. Only a few individuals of beech and rowan appeared. Herb layer species composition differed between the subareas but since the 1980s, the temporal change in the old enclosure was negligible. The new enclosure followed a similar pattern in both canopy and herb layer as observed in the early years in the old enclosure. However, the control subarea had no regeneration of woody species and limited ground flora. Conclusions: After nearly 60 years, the replacement of light-demanding dominants by shade-tolerant trees was still limited, probably by low pH and stable light conditions. The findings are pertinent to the impacts of large herbivore grazing (domestic stock or wild) on woodland dynamics.

@article{
 title = {Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {772-775},
 volume = {368},
 id = {9ac56a5a-24f8-323e-be91-8507ddf55057},
 created = {2020-06-15T09:31:06.025Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2022-03-24T07:55:47.316Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 notes = {Such directional shifts in community composition in favor of warm-affinity species are referred to as “thermophilization,” a phenomenon that is increasingly documented in terrestrial and marine plants and animals (12–14, 16, 17).},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zellweger, Florian and De Frenne, Pieter and Lenoir, Jonathan and Vangansbeke, Pieter and Verheyen, Kris and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Baeten, Lander and Hédl, Radim and Berki, Imre and Brunet, Jörg and Van Calster, Hans and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Dirnböck, Thomas and Durak, Tomasz and Heinken, Thilo and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Kopecký, Martin and Máliš, František and Macek, Martin and Malicki, Marek and Naaf, Tobias and Nagel, Thomas A. and Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne and Petřík, Petr and Pielech, Remigiusz and Reczyńska, Kamila and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Teleki, Balázs and Vild, Ondřej and Wulf, Monika and Coomes, David},
 doi = {10.1126/science.aba6880},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {6492}
}

Climate warming is causing a shift in biological communities in favor of warm-affinity species (i.e., thermophilization). Species responses often lag behind climate warming, but the reasons for such lags remain largely unknown. Here, we analyzed multidecadal understory microclimate dynamics in European forests and show that thermophilization and the climatic lag in forest plant communities are primarily controlled by microclimate. Increasing tree canopy cover reduces warming rates inside forests, but loss of canopy cover leads to increased local heat that exacerbates the disequilibrium between community responses and climate change. Reciprocal effects between plants and microclimates are key to understanding the response of forest biodiversity and functioning to climate and land-use changes.

@article{
 title = {Increasing liana frequency in temperate European forest understories is driven by ivy},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-8},
 id = {abb63dfc-d0f9-389c-a7d0-119397394be7},
 created = {2020-10-08T10:04:08.265Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2020-11-10T13:29:00.489Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Perring, Michael P. and Frenne, Pieter De and Hertzog, Lionel R and Blondeel, Haben and Depauw, Leen and Maes, Sybryn L and Wasof, Safaa and Verbeeck, Hans and Verheyen, Kris},
 doi = {10.1002/fee.2266},
 journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment}
}

@article{
 title = {Replacements of small- by large-ranged species scale up to diversity loss in Europe’s temperate forest biome},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {802-808},
 volume = {4},
 id = {fe2eadb6-0c5c-3210-90b0-cb85df53e08b},
 created = {2020-11-10T13:32:15.823Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-04-26T08:58:26.562Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Biodiversity time series reveal global losses and accelerated redistributions of species, but no net loss in local species richness. To better understand how these patterns are linked, we quantify how individual species trajectories scale up to diversity changes using data from 68 vegetation resurvey studies of seminatural forests in Europe. Herb-layer species with small geographic ranges are being replaced by more widely distributed species, and our results suggest that this is due less to species abundances than to species nitrogen niches. Nitrogen deposition accelerates the extinctions of small-ranged, nitrogen-efficient plants and colonization by broadly distributed, nitrogen-demanding plants (including non-natives). Despite no net change in species richness at the spatial scale of a study site, the losses of small-ranged species reduce biome-scale (gamma) diversity. These results provide one mechanism to explain the directional replacement of small-ranged species within sites and thus explain patterns of biodiversity change across spatial scales.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Staude, Ingmar R. and Waller, Donald M. and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Bjorkman, Anne D. and Brunet, Jörg and De Frenne, Pieter and Hédl, Radim and Jandt, Ute and Lenoir, Jonathan and Máliš, František and Verheyen, Kris and Wulf, Monika and Pereira, Henrique Miguel and Vangansbeke, Pieter and Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne and Pielech, Remigiusz and Berki, Imre and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Dirnböck, Thomas and Durak, Tomasz and Heinken, Thilo and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Kopecký, Martin and Macek, Martin and Malicki, Marek and Naaf, Tobias and Nagel, Thomas A. and Petřík, Petr and Reczyńska, Kamila and Schei, Fride Høistad and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Teleki, Balázs and Van Calster, Hans and Vild, Ondřej and Baeten, Lander},
 doi = {10.1038/s41559-020-1176-8},
 journal = {Nature Ecology and Evolution},
 number = {6}
}

Biodiversity time series reveal global losses and accelerated redistributions of species, but no net loss in local species richness. To better understand how these patterns are linked, we quantify how individual species trajectories scale up to diversity changes using data from 68 vegetation resurvey studies of seminatural forests in Europe. Herb-layer species with small geographic ranges are being replaced by more widely distributed species, and our results suggest that this is due less to species abundances than to species nitrogen niches. Nitrogen deposition accelerates the extinctions of small-ranged, nitrogen-efficient plants and colonization by broadly distributed, nitrogen-demanding plants (including non-natives). Despite no net change in species richness at the spatial scale of a study site, the losses of small-ranged species reduce biome-scale (gamma) diversity. These results provide one mechanism to explain the directional replacement of small-ranged species within sites and thus explain patterns of biodiversity change across spatial scales.

@article{
 title = {Response to Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming"},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-4},
 volume = {370},
 id = {61afe08a-665a-31e3-bdce-b4643fb06e99},
 created = {2021-11-01T13:10:25.033Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-11-01T13:10:28.857Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zellweger, Florian and De Frenne, Pieter and Lenoir, Jonathan and Vangansbeke, Pieter and Verheyen, Kris and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Baeten, Lander and Hédl, Radim and Berki, Imre and Brunet, Jörg and Van Calster, Hans and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Dirnböck, Thomas and Durak, Tomasz and Heinken, Thilo and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Kopecký, Martin and Máliš, František and Macek, Martin and Malicki, Marek and Naaf, Tobias and Nagel, Thomas A. and Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne and Petřík, Petr and Pielech, Remigiusz and Reczyńska, Kamila and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Teleki, Balázs and Vild, Ondřej and Wulf, Monika and Coomes, David},
 doi = {10.1126/science.abf2939},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {6522}
}

Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.

@article{
 title = {Response to Comment on "Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming"},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {1-4},
 volume = {370},
 id = {3dfe5989-d4c0-3e8a-a86d-7d245d0875bc},
 created = {2021-11-01T13:10:25.036Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2023-03-28T09:43:54.029Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zellweger, Florian and De Frenne, Pieter and Lenoir, Jonathan and Vangansbeke, Pieter and Verheyen, Kris and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Baeten, Lander and Hédl, Radim and Berki, Imre and Brunet, Jörg and Van Calster, Hans and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Dirnböck, Thomas and Durak, Tomasz and Heinken, Thilo and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Kopecký, Martin and Máliš, František and Macek, Martin and Malicki, Marek and Naaf, Tobias and Nagel, Thomas A. and Ortmann-Ajkai, Adrienne and Petřík, Petr and Pielech, Remigiusz and Reczyńska, Kamila and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Teleki, Balázs and Vild, Ondřej and Wulf, Monika and Coomes, David},
 doi = {10.1126/science.abd6193},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {6520}
}

Schall and Heinrichs question our interpretation that the climatic debt in understory plant communities is locally modulated by canopy buffering. However, our results clearly show that the discrepancy between microclimate warming rates and thermophilization rates is highest in forests where canopy cover was reduced, which suggests that the need for communities to respond to warming is highest in those forests.

@article{
 title = {Plant diversity in deciduous temperate forests reflects interplay among ancient and recent environmental stress},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {czech republic,department of botany,in olomouc,olomouc,palacký university},
 pages = {1-10},
 id = {4bf0e0cc-ad45-3692-a200-862341bd35dc},
 created = {2019-10-23T07:45:30.865Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2019-10-23T07:45:42.863Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Šipoš, Jan and Chudomelová, Markéta and Vild, Ondřej and Macek, Martin and Kopecký, Martin and Szabó, Péter and Hédl, Radim},
 doi = {10.1111/jvs.12816},
 journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science},
 number = {June}
}

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {17-19},
 issue = {2011},
 publisher = {Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic},
 city = {Prague, Czech Republic},
 id = {d0937ac4-7711-3cae-a7d0-cd9cf650bdf3},
 created = {2020-01-25T11:29:14.506Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2020-12-07T07:00:21.037Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Hédl, Radim and Kalwij, Jesse M.},
 chapter = {Litter raking as restoration management in an oak forest in Podyjí National Park},
 title = {Ecological Restoration in the Czech Republic}
}

@article{
 title = {Global environmental change effects on plant community composition trajectories depend upon management legacies},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {biodiversity change,climate change,disturbance regime,forestREplot,herbaceous layer,management intensity,nitrogen deposition,plant functional traits,time lag,vegetation resurvey},
 pages = {1722-1740},
 volume = {24},
 id = {e9723505-543a-3d8d-9bdc-d29463399448},
 created = {2018-06-28T07:31:32.479Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-09-24T15:23:40.822Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: D-dimer assay, generally evaluated according to cutoff points calibrated for VTE exclusion, is used to estimate the individual risk of recurrence after a first idiopathic event of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: Commercial D-dimer assays, evaluated according to predetermined cutoff levels for each assay, specific for age (lower in subjects <70 years) and gender (lower in males), were used in the recent DULCIS study. The present analysis compared the results obtained in the DULCIS with those that might have been had using the following different cutoff criteria: traditional cutoff for VTE exclusion, higher levels in subjects aged ≥60 years, or age multiplied by 10. Results: In young subjects, the DULCIS low cutoff levels resulted in half the recurrent events that would have occurred using the other criteria. In elderly patients, the DULCIS results were similar to those calculated for the two age-adjusted criteria. The adoption of traditional VTE exclusion criteria would have led to positive results in the large majority of elderly subjects, without a significant reduction in the rate of recurrent event. Conclusion: The results confirm the usefulness of the cutoff levels used in DULCIS.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Perring, Michael P. and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Baeten, Lander and Midolo, Gabriele and Blondeel, Haben and Depauw, Leen and Landuyt, Dries and Maes, Sybryn L. and De Lombaerde, Emiel and Carón, Maria Mercedes and Vellend, Mark and Brunet, Jörg and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Diekmann, Martin and Dirnböck, Thomas and Dörfler, Inken and Durak, Tomasz and De Frenne, Pieter and Gilliam, Frank S. and Hédl, Radim and Heinken, Thilo and Hommel, Patrick and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Kirby, Keith J. and Kopecký, Martin and Lenoir, Jonathan and Li, Daijiang and Máliš, František and Mitchell, Fraser J.G. and Naaf, Tobias and Newman, Miles and Petřík, Petr and Reczyńska, Kamila and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Van Calster, Hans and Vild, Ondřej and Wagner, Eva Rosa and Wulf, Monika and Verheyen, Kris},
 doi = {10.1111/gcb.14030},
 journal = {Global Change Biology},
 number = {4}
}

Introduction: D-dimer assay, generally evaluated according to cutoff points calibrated for VTE exclusion, is used to estimate the individual risk of recurrence after a first idiopathic event of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: Commercial D-dimer assays, evaluated according to predetermined cutoff levels for each assay, specific for age (lower in subjects <70 years) and gender (lower in males), were used in the recent DULCIS study. The present analysis compared the results obtained in the DULCIS with those that might have been had using the following different cutoff criteria: traditional cutoff for VTE exclusion, higher levels in subjects aged ≥60 years, or age multiplied by 10. Results: In young subjects, the DULCIS low cutoff levels resulted in half the recurrent events that would have occurred using the other criteria. In elderly patients, the DULCIS results were similar to those calculated for the two age-adjusted criteria. The adoption of traditional VTE exclusion criteria would have led to positive results in the large majority of elderly subjects, without a significant reduction in the rate of recurrent event. Conclusion: The results confirm the usefulness of the cutoff levels used in DULCIS.

@article{
 title = {Understanding context dependency in the response of forest understorey plant communities to nitrogen deposition},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Biodiversity,Critical load,Herb layer,N deposition,forestREplot},
 pages = {1787-1799},
 volume = {242},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0269749118316610},
 month = {11},
 id = {5fde33ba-6510-3fb0-a569-ee923078c6d2},
 created = {2018-09-10T07:34:56.465Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2023-01-13T12:08:11.373Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 notes = {In the tree layer, open- canopy species (e.g. Quercus petraea and Q. robur) have often been replaced by closed-canopy species (e.g. Fagus sylvatica, F. grandiflora, Acer pensylvanicum, A. rubrum)(Norland and Hix, 1996; Becker et al., 2017<br/><br/>Under open-forest conditions, light- demanding species such as Anemone nemorosa increase strongly in growth at the expense of species such as Primula elatior and Viola reichenbachiana (Thimonier et al., 1992; Bernhardt-R€omermann et al., 2010; Jantsch et al., 2013). Substantial},
 folder_uuids = {e7305b94-a3f7-482c-be86-0a38f46eab9d},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Understorey communities can dominate forest plant diversity and strongly affect forest ecosystem structure and function. Understoreys often respond sensitively but inconsistently to drivers of ecological change, including nitrogen (N) deposition. Nitrogen deposition effects, reflected in the concept of critical loads, vary greatly not only among species and guilds, but also among forest types. Here, we characterize such context dependency as driven by differences in the amounts and forms of deposited N, cumulative deposition, the filtering of N by overstoreys, and available plant species pools. Nitrogen effects on understorey trajectories can also vary due to differences in surrounding landscape conditions; ambient browsing pressure; soils and geology; other environmental factors controlling plant growth; and, historical and current disturbance/management regimes. The number of these factors and their potentially complex interactions complicate our efforts to make simple predictions about how N deposition affects forest understoreys. We review the literature to examine evidence for context dependency in N deposition effects on forest understoreys. We also use data from 1814 European temperate forest plots to test the ability of multi-level models to characterize context-dependent understorey responses across sites that differ in levels of N deposition, community composition, local conditions and management history. This analysis demonstrated that historical management, and plot location on light and pH-fertility gradients, significantly affect how understorey communities respond to N deposition. We conclude that species' and communities' responses to N deposition, and thus the determination of critical loads, vary greatly depending on environmental contexts. This complicates our efforts to predict how N deposition will affect forest understoreys and thus how best to conserve and restore understorey biodiversity. To reduce uncertainty and incorporate context dependency in critical load setting, we should assemble data on underlying environmental conditions, conduct globally distributed field experiments, and analyse a wider range of habitat types. We find that nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest understoreys are highly context dependent, with implications for assignment of critical loads, and for conservation and restoration of plant biodiversity.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Perring, Michael P. and Diekmann, Martin and Midolo, Gabriele and Schellenberger Costa, David and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Otto, Johanna C.J. and Gilliam, Frank S. and Hedwall, Per-Ola and Nordin, Annika and Dirnböck, Thomas and Simkin, Samuel M. and Máliš, František and Blondeel, Haben and Brunet, Jörg and Chudomelová, Markéta and Durak, Tomasz and De Frenne, Pieter and Hédl, Radim and Kopecký, Martin and Landuyt, Dries and Li, Daijiang and Manning, Peter and Petřík, Petr and Reczyńska, Kamila and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Vild, Ondřej and Waller, Donald M. and Verheyen, Kris},
 doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.089},
 journal = {Environmental Pollution}
}

Understorey communities can dominate forest plant diversity and strongly affect forest ecosystem structure and function. Understoreys often respond sensitively but inconsistently to drivers of ecological change, including nitrogen (N) deposition. Nitrogen deposition effects, reflected in the concept of critical loads, vary greatly not only among species and guilds, but also among forest types. Here, we characterize such context dependency as driven by differences in the amounts and forms of deposited N, cumulative deposition, the filtering of N by overstoreys, and available plant species pools. Nitrogen effects on understorey trajectories can also vary due to differences in surrounding landscape conditions; ambient browsing pressure; soils and geology; other environmental factors controlling plant growth; and, historical and current disturbance/management regimes. The number of these factors and their potentially complex interactions complicate our efforts to make simple predictions about how N deposition affects forest understoreys. We review the literature to examine evidence for context dependency in N deposition effects on forest understoreys. We also use data from 1814 European temperate forest plots to test the ability of multi-level models to characterize context-dependent understorey responses across sites that differ in levels of N deposition, community composition, local conditions and management history. This analysis demonstrated that historical management, and plot location on light and pH-fertility gradients, significantly affect how understorey communities respond to N deposition. We conclude that species' and communities' responses to N deposition, and thus the determination of critical loads, vary greatly depending on environmental contexts. This complicates our efforts to predict how N deposition will affect forest understoreys and thus how best to conserve and restore understorey biodiversity. To reduce uncertainty and incorporate context dependency in critical load setting, we should assemble data on underlying environmental conditions, conduct globally distributed field experiments, and analyse a wider range of habitat types. We find that nitrogen deposition effects on temperate forest understoreys are highly context dependent, with implications for assignment of critical loads, and for conservation and restoration of plant biodiversity.

@article{
 title = {Legacy of historical litter raking in temperate forest plant communities},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {brno,czech republic,department of zoology,fisheries,hydrobiology and apiculture,mendel,university},
 pages = {596-606},
 volume = {29},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jvs.12642},
 id = {91d2d69f-3070-3c35-9d7f-95ef45b6e0e8},
 created = {2018-09-10T07:34:56.624Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2018-09-19T12:54:29.451Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Šipoš, Jan and Szabó, Péter and Macek, Martin and Chudomelová, Markéta and Kopecký, Martin and Suchánková, Silvie and Houška, Jakub and Kotačka, Martin and Hédl, Radim},
 doi = {10.1111/jvs.12642},
 journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science}
}

@article{
 title = {High resilience of plant species composition to coppice restoration – a chronosequence from the oak woodland of Gerolfing (Bavaria)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {conservation biology,coppice-with-standards,disturbance,forest herb layer,forest use,historical,restoration},
 pages = {1-18},
 id = {4dd9d220-e766-385f-95c2-8d1f5e24f24f},
 created = {2018-10-05T06:32:37.466Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2023-08-25T07:16:30.669Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ewald, Jörg and Hédl, Radim and Chudomelová, Markéta and Petřík, Petr and Šipoš, Jan and Vild, Ondřej},
 doi = {10.14471/2017.38.001},
 journal = {Tuexenia},
 number = {March 2017}
}

@article{
 title = {Observer and relocation errors matter in resurveys of historical vegetation plots},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {legacy studies,nestedness,pseudo-turnover,species richness,temperate forest,true turnover,understorey vegetation},
 pages = {812-823},
 volume = {29},
 id = {f80422c7-ea93-3966-bdf5-844ea75af5db},
 created = {2018-10-29T09:22:54.431Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2018-10-29T09:22:59.888Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {John-Arvid Grytnes 8 | Lucia Hederová 9 | Radim Hédl 4,10 | Thilo Heinken 11 | Fride H. Schei 12 | Soma Horváth 13 | Bogdan Jaroszewicz 6 | Edyta Jermakowicz 14 | Tereza Klinerová 9 | Jens Kolk 15 | Martin Kopecký 9,16 | Iwona Kuras 17 | Jonathan Lenoir 5 | Martin Macek 9 | František Máliš 2 | Tone C. Martinessen 8 | Tobias Naaf 15 | László Papp 18 | Ágnes Papp-Szakály 13 | Paweł Pech 19 | Petr Petřík 9 | Jindřich Prach 20 | Kamila Reczyńska 21 | Magne Saetersdal 12 | Fabien Spicher 5 | Tibor Standovár 13 | Krzysztof Świerkosz 17 | Ewa Szczęśniak 21 | Zoltán Tóth 15 |},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Verheyen, Kris and Bažány, Martin and Chećko, Ewa and Chudomelová, Markéta and Closset-Kopp, Déborah and Czortek, Patryk and Decocq, Guillaume and De Frenne, Pieter and De Keersmaeker, Luc and Enríquez García, Cecilia and Fabšičová, Martina and Grytnes, John Arvid and Hederová, Lucia and Hédl, Radim and Heinken, Thilo and Schei, Fride H. and Horváth, Soma and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Jermakowicz, Edyta and Klinerová, Tereza and Kolk, Jens and Kopecký, Martin and Kuras, Iwona and Lenoir, Jonathan and Macek, Martin and Máliš, František and Martinessen, Tone C. and Naaf, Tobias and Papp, László and Papp-Szakály, Ágnes and Pech, Paweł and Petřík, Petr and Prach, Jindřich and Reczyńska, Kamila and Sætersdal, Magne and Spicher, Fabien and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Szczęśniak, Ewa and Tóth, Zoltán and Ujházy, Karol and Ujházyová, Mariana and Vangansbeke, Pieter and Vild, Ondřej and Wołkowycki, Dan and Wulf, Monika and Baeten, Lander},
 doi = {10.1111/jvs.12673},
 journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science}
}

John-Arvid Grytnes 8 | Lucia Hederová 9 | Radim Hédl 4,10 | Thilo Heinken 11 | Fride H. Schei 12 | Soma Horváth 13 | Bogdan Jaroszewicz 6 | Edyta Jermakowicz 14 | Tereza Klinerová 9 | Jens Kolk 15 | Martin Kopecký 9,16 | Iwona Kuras 17 | Jonathan Lenoir 5 | Martin Macek 9 | František Máliš 2 | Tone C. Martinessen 8 | Tobias Naaf 15 | László Papp 18 | Ágnes Papp-Szakály 13 | Paweł Pech 19 | Petr Petřík 9 | Jindřich Prach 20 | Kamila Reczyńska 21 | Magne Saetersdal 12 | Fabien Spicher 5 | Tibor Standovár 13 | Krzysztof Świerkosz 17 | Ewa Szczęśniak 21 | Zoltán Tóth 15 |

@article{
 title = {The role of plant substrate type in shaping the composition and diversity of epiphytic diatom assemblages in a eutrophic reservoir},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {117-135},
 volume = {189},
 id = {75a863b5-e146-3a65-b10a-548e668afb72},
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 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fránková, M. and Šumberová, Kateřna and Potužák, Jan and Vild, Ondřej},
 doi = {10.1127/fal/2016/0936},
 journal = {Fundamental and Applied Limnology},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {Combining biodiversity resurveys across regions to advance global change research},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {community ecology,ground-layer vegetation,legacy data,permanent plots,quasi-,temperate forest},
 pages = {73-83},
 volume = {67},
 websites = {http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1093/biosci/biw150},
 id = {7ddd19cb-5a95-3b9f-b8a6-4e642e8965e8},
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 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Verheyen, Kris and De Frenne, Pieter and Baeten, Lander and Waller, Donald M. and Hédl, Radim and Perring, Michael P. and Blondeel, Haben and Brunet, Jörg and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and De Lombaerde, Emiel and Depauw, Leen and Dirnböck, Thomas and Durak, Tomasz and Eriksson, Ove and Gilliam, Frank S. and Heinken, Thilo and Heinrichs, Steffi and Hermy, Martin and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Jenkins, Michael A. and Johnson, Sarah E. and Kirby, Keith J. and Kopecký, Martin and Landuyt, Dries and Lenoir, Jonathan and Li, Daijiang and Macek, Martin and Maes, Sybryn L. and Máliš, František and Mitchell, Fraser J.G. and Naaf, Tobias and Peterken, George and Petřík, Petr and Reczyńska, Kamila and Rogers, David A. and Schei, Fride HØistad and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Świerkosz, Krzysztof and Ujházy, Karol and Van Calster, Hans and Vellend, Mark and Vild, Ondřej and Woods, Kerry and Wulf, Monika and Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus},
 doi = {10.1093/biosci/biw150},
 journal = {BioScience},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Habitat requirements of endangered species in a former coppice of high conservation value},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {abandoned coppice,environmental requirements,plant diversity,subcontinental oak forest,threatened species},
 pages = {59-69},
 volume = {52},
 id = {850e5a13-76f4-3230-a9e9-a4b5fcd30f90},
 created = {2017-11-21T13:25:05.137Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2017-11-21T13:25:08.140Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roleček, Jan and Vild, Ondřej and Sladký, Jiří and Řepka, Radomír},
 doi = {10.1007/s12224-016-9276-6},
 journal = {Folia Geobotanica},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {The paradox of long-term ungulate impact: increase of plant species richness in a temperate forest},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Deer,Disturbance,Game preserve,Long-term change,Plant–herbivore interactions,Semi-permanent plots,Species richness,Taxonomic homogenization,Vegetation resurvey},
 pages = {282-292},
 volume = {20},
 id = {1897d492-2103-3e5b-9cf7-bef3a9d4fcce},
 created = {2017-12-07T07:27:54.573Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2018-02-02T12:28:37.606Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Hédl, Radim and Kopecký, Martin and Szabó, Péter and Suchánková, Silvie and Zouhar, Václav},
 doi = {10.1111/avsc.12289},
 journal = {Applied Vegetation Science},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {Drivers of temporal changes in temperate forest plant diversity vary across spatial scales},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {3726–3737},
 volume = {21},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/gcb.12993},
 id = {af813cbc-9dff-3392-ae1d-07d18b786de4},
 created = {2015-09-01T13:56:13.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2021-12-15T08:13:27.520Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 notes = {(Gilliam, 2006; Bernhardt-R€omermann et al., 2007; Bobbink et al., 2010; Lenoir et al., 2010; Paillet et al., 2010; Royo et al., 2010; Verheyen et al., 2012; De Frenne et al., 2013; Smart et al., 2014},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus and Baeten, Lander and Craven, Dylan and De Frenne, Pieter and Hédl, Radim and Lenoir, Jonathan and Bert, Didier and Brunet, Jörg and Chudomelová, Markéta and Decocq, Guillaume and Dierschke, Hartmut and Dirnböck, Thomas and Dörfler, Inken and Heinken, Thilo and Hermy, Martin and Hommel, Patrick and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan and Keczyński, Andrzej and Kelly, Daniel L. and Kirby, Keith J. and Kopecký, Martin and Macek, Martin and Máliš, František and Mirtl, Michael and Mitchell, Fraser J.G. and Naaf, Tobias and Newman, Miles and Peterken, George and Petřík, Petr and Schmidt, Wolfgang and Standovár, Tibor and Tóth, Zoltán and Calster, Hans Van and Verstraeten, Gorik and Vladovič, Jozef and Vild, Ondřej and Wulf, Monika and Verheyen, Kris},
 doi = {10.1111/gcb.12993},
 journal = {Global Change Biology},
 number = {10}
}

@article{
 title = {Effects of simulated historical tree litter raking on the understorey vegetation in a central European forest},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Central Europe,Conservation management,Litter raking,Permanent plots,Species diversity,Temperate woodland,Traditional management,Vascular plants},
 pages = {569-578},
 volume = {18},
 id = {5e8902fc-e67a-3212-8ced-08fe24b09207},
 created = {2019-04-16T11:33:28.786Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2020-01-24T12:36:57.499Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Questions:What is the impact of simulated historical tree litter removal on un- derstorey plants and soil properties in a temperate deciduous forest?What is the role of seasonal timing of tree litter removal on understorey plants? Location: Podyj?ı National Park, CzechRepublic. Methods:Weconducted an experiment in a randomized complete block design of 45 plots (5 9 5 m). Each block (N = 15) consisted of one plot for each of the three treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) tree litter removal during spring, (2) tree litter removal during autumn, or (3) no litter removal as control treat- ment. These treatments were repeated over 4 yr. In each plot we recorded the understorey plant species composition and collected soil samples prior to treat- ment (year 0) and in each subsequent year (years 1–4). Temporal trends in spe- cies richness were analysed using repeated measures ANOVAs. The impact of the treatments on vegetation composition over time was analysed using princi- pal response curves. Results: Total species richness per plot significantly changed over time, but this was not related to treatment. Annual species richness increased significantly, but only for the autumn treatment. Annual species also showed the highest inter-annual variation. Endangered species were not affected.When compared to the control treatment, the effect of autumn raking on species composition was stronger than the effect of spring raking. Although the amount of removed nutrients substantially exceeded ambient nitrogen input, no changes in soil con- ditionswere detected. Conclusions: The season inwhich tree litter removal took place had a small but significant impact on the understorey vegetation, in particular affecting the ger- mination and establishment of annual species. The large inter-annual variation in species richness calls for a long-term field experiment. The removal of nutrients via litter raking greatly exceeds atmospheric nutrient deposition, warranting a further investigation of litter raking as a potential tool for forest conservation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Kalwij, Jesse M. and Hédl, Radim},
 doi = {10.1111/avsc.12180},
 journal = {Applied Vegetation Science},
 number = {4}
}

Questions:What is the impact of simulated historical tree litter removal on un- derstorey plants and soil properties in a temperate deciduous forest?What is the role of seasonal timing of tree litter removal on understorey plants? Location: Podyj?ı National Park, CzechRepublic. Methods:Weconducted an experiment in a randomized complete block design of 45 plots (5 9 5 m). Each block (N = 15) consisted of one plot for each of the three treatments. Treatments consisted of (1) tree litter removal during spring, (2) tree litter removal during autumn, or (3) no litter removal as control treat- ment. These treatments were repeated over 4 yr. In each plot we recorded the understorey plant species composition and collected soil samples prior to treat- ment (year 0) and in each subsequent year (years 1–4). Temporal trends in spe- cies richness were analysed using repeated measures ANOVAs. The impact of the treatments on vegetation composition over time was analysed using princi- pal response curves. Results: Total species richness per plot significantly changed over time, but this was not related to treatment. Annual species richness increased significantly, but only for the autumn treatment. Annual species also showed the highest inter-annual variation. Endangered species were not affected.When compared to the control treatment, the effect of autumn raking on species composition was stronger than the effect of spring raking. Although the amount of removed nutrients substantially exceeded ambient nitrogen input, no changes in soil con- ditionswere detected. Conclusions: The season inwhich tree litter removal took place had a small but significant impact on the understorey vegetation, in particular affecting the ger- mination and establishment of annual species. The large inter-annual variation in species richness calls for a long-term field experiment. The removal of nutrients via litter raking greatly exceeds atmospheric nutrient deposition, warranting a further investigation of litter raking as a potential tool for forest conservation.

@article{
 title = {Experimental restoration of coppice-with-standards: Response of understorey vegetation from the conservation perspective},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {restoration experiment},
 pages = {234-241},
 volume = {310},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378112713005148},
 month = {12},
 id = {e27b8ed9-d95c-3f07-a428-4c5691928511},
 created = {2013-11-29T12:37:35.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-11-09},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2017-03-15T15:23:13.501Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Roleček, Jan and Hédl, Radim and Kopecký, Martin and Utinek, Dušan},
 doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.056},
 journal = {Forest Ecology and Management}
}

@article{
 title = {Vliv experimentální pastvy na lesní podrost v Národním Parku Podyjí},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {conservation,diversity,grazing management,succession,woodland vegetation},
 pages = {27-38},
 volume = {10},
 id = {32ac7b23-9915-39bf-a93e-299c6672b667},
 created = {2016-02-12T17:19:28.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2017-03-15T15:23:13.501Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Stejskal, Robert},
 journal = {Thayensia (Znojmo)}
}

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {328-331},
 volume = {9},
 issue = {September},
 publisher = {Wildtrack Publishing},
 city = {Sheffield},
 id = {c037185b-b961-314a-ae0f-2404d07001e9},
 created = {2016-05-31T09:37:21.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {59400480-ddb0-3b57-bdd5-1de3f53a15c5},
 last_modified = {2018-09-19T12:54:29.104Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Vild, Ondřej and Rotherham, Ian D},
 editor = {Rotherham, Ian D and Handley, Christine},
 chapter = {Yarncliff Wood at Hathersage: initial assessment of the impacts of sixty years of sheep exclosure on an upland Pennine ancient wood},
 title = {Animals, Man and Treescapes}
}