@article{
 title = {Application of three-dimensional acoustic telemetry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {83-96},
 volume = {77},
 websites = {http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/production_in_progress.pdf},
 id = {a50b7389-7718-3619-a4ab-d9f7efda2698},
 created = {2019-11-12T18:43:30.680Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2020-08-03T11:38:07.255Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bohaboy, E. C. and Guttridge, T. L. and Hammerschlag, N. and Van Zinnicq-Bergmann, M.P.M. and Patterson, W. F.},
 doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsz202},
 journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Harvest–release decisions in recreational fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {194-201},
 volume = {77},
 id = {36db48d4-8aa1-34b5-b4c1-36546d1bd497},
 created = {2020-05-26T15:50:05.782Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2020-05-26T15:50:05.782Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Most fishery regulations aim to control angler harvest. Yet, we lack a basic understanding of what actually determines the angler’s decision to harvest or release fish caught. We used XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, to develop a predictive angler harvest–release model by taking advantage of an extensive recreational fishery data set (24 water bodies, 9 years, and 193 523 fish). We were able to successfully predict the harvest–release outcome for 99% of fish caught in the training data set and 96% of fish caught in the test data set. Unsuccessful predictions were mostly attributed to predicting harvest of fish that were released. Fish length was the most essential feature examined for predicting angler harvest. Other important predictive harvest– release features included the number of individuals of the same species caught, geographic location of an angler’s residence, distance traveled, and time spent fishing. The XGBoost algorithm was able to effectively predict the harvest–release decision and revealed hidden and intricate relationships that are often unaccounted for with classical analysis techniques. Exposing and accounting for these angler–fish intricacies is critical for fisheries conservation and management.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kaemingk, Mark A. and Hurley, Keith L. and Chizinski, Christopher J. and Pope, Kevin L.},
 doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2019-0119},
 journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
 number = {1}
}

Most fishery regulations aim to control angler harvest. Yet, we lack a basic understanding of what actually determines the angler’s decision to harvest or release fish caught. We used XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, to develop a predictive angler harvest–release model by taking advantage of an extensive recreational fishery data set (24 water bodies, 9 years, and 193 523 fish). We were able to successfully predict the harvest–release outcome for 99% of fish caught in the training data set and 96% of fish caught in the test data set. Unsuccessful predictions were mostly attributed to predicting harvest of fish that were released. Fish length was the most essential feature examined for predicting angler harvest. Other important predictive harvest– release features included the number of individuals of the same species caught, geographic location of an angler’s residence, distance traveled, and time spent fishing. The XGBoost algorithm was able to effectively predict the harvest–release decision and revealed hidden and intricate relationships that are often unaccounted for with classical analysis techniques. Exposing and accounting for these angler–fish intricacies is critical for fisheries conservation and management.

@article{
 title = {Descender devices or treat tethers: Does barotrauma mitigation increase opportunities for depredation?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 volume = {45},
 id = {6308d0b4-839e-3f7a-b683-7a347923ef7f},
 created = {2020-05-26T15:50:05.895Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2020-05-26T15:50:05.895Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drymon, J. M. and Jefferson, A. E.},
 doi = {10.1002/fsh.10476},
 journal = {Fisheries},
 number = {5}
}

@techreport{
 title = {A REVIEW OF THE USE OF RECOMPRESSION DEVICES AS A TOOL FOR REDUCING THE EFFECTS OF BAROTRAUMA ON ROCKFISHES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat,Fisheries and Oceans Canada,Science Response},
 pages = {40},
 institution = {Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS)},
 id = {180a44a2-acdb-3f83-b86f-fdd9cfb3f6b7},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.053Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:11.949Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Haggarty, D.}
}

@article{
 title = {The effect of rapid decompression on barotrauma and survival rate in swallowtail seaperch (Anthias anthias): Defining protocols for mitigating surfacing mortality},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Aquarium fish,Buoyancy,Marine ornamental,Pressure reduction,Swimbladder},
 pages = {405-412},
 volume = {498},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {7458c9a8-47d2-3d12-a538-7b44e8f1e4d6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.728Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:47:56.004Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Swallowtail seaperch, Anthias anthias, is a popular fish in the public aquaria industry worldwide, but is subject to barotrauma and high mortality rates if an appropriate decompression profile is not used. Here, we analyze behavioral response to pressure reductions in swallowtail to define protocols for mitigating surfacing mortality. Four different pressure reduction rates were tested (15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%) in several lifting steps from an initial depth of 30 m. Decompression using this procedure was done with 12 and 24 h acclimation duration at each step allowing fish to recover from the pressure reduction. Fish condition was assessed based on swimming behavior, immediately after each new pressure reduction also after each acclimation time. Additionally, fish condition was monitored in a post-decompression trial for 14 days. During decompression, both conditions - initial and final - showed statistically significant differences in the reduction rates tested but showed no differences in acclimation times, and no interaction of the two factors. Neither pressure nor acclimation time affected the condition of the animal in post-decompression trials. Ascension steps near the surface are associated with larger decreases in neutrally buoyant fish compared to deeper decompression steps. Close monitoring of the effect of decompression on A. anthias in the control group, showed that a 29% reduction in pressure could indicate an approximate value of the free vertical range of this species, while swimbladder rupture can occur between 63 and 70% of pressure reduction. The optimal protocol for mitigating surfacing mortality combines two decompression profiles used in this experiment with a total duration of 84 h and comprising 4 lifting steps. The protocol developed to mitigate surfacing mortality was designed for conditions where oceanic cages or containers can be lifted gradually.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Silva, Luís and Rosa, Rui Guedes and Campino, Nelson and Martins, Inês and Pinho, Mário Rui and Correia, João and Morato, Telmo},
 doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.052},
 journal = {Aquaculture}
}

Swallowtail seaperch, Anthias anthias, is a popular fish in the public aquaria industry worldwide, but is subject to barotrauma and high mortality rates if an appropriate decompression profile is not used. Here, we analyze behavioral response to pressure reductions in swallowtail to define protocols for mitigating surfacing mortality. Four different pressure reduction rates were tested (15%, 25%, 35%, and 45%) in several lifting steps from an initial depth of 30 m. Decompression using this procedure was done with 12 and 24 h acclimation duration at each step allowing fish to recover from the pressure reduction. Fish condition was assessed based on swimming behavior, immediately after each new pressure reduction also after each acclimation time. Additionally, fish condition was monitored in a post-decompression trial for 14 days. During decompression, both conditions - initial and final - showed statistically significant differences in the reduction rates tested but showed no differences in acclimation times, and no interaction of the two factors. Neither pressure nor acclimation time affected the condition of the animal in post-decompression trials. Ascension steps near the surface are associated with larger decreases in neutrally buoyant fish compared to deeper decompression steps. Close monitoring of the effect of decompression on A. anthias in the control group, showed that a 29% reduction in pressure could indicate an approximate value of the free vertical range of this species, while swimbladder rupture can occur between 63 and 70% of pressure reduction. The optimal protocol for mitigating surfacing mortality combines two decompression profiles used in this experiment with a total duration of 84 h and comprising 4 lifting steps. The protocol developed to mitigate surfacing mortality was designed for conditions where oceanic cages or containers can be lifted gradually.

@article{
 title = {Catch and Release: The Effectiveness of an Educational Class for Anglers Caught with Fishing Citations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {59-72},
 volume = {44},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
 day = {1},
 id = {3a5efbcf-4f45-3997-b48c-3fcc74a4d689},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.066Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.154Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Formal regulatory structures, such as government-imposed size limits or bag limits, are standard tools used by managers to achieve fisheries management in most countries. Regulations are most effective if followed by the angling community, which is predicated upon anglers understanding and accepting the regulations. To enhance compliance with fishing regulations and improve the management of fisheries resources, Biscayne and Everglades National Parks established a Fisheries Education Class program that was open to the community and available to anglers cited with a fishing violation in exchange for a reduced or waived fine. Here, we describe this program and quantitatively evaluate its effectiveness by measuring and comparing the self-efficacy and attitudes of participants before and after the class using generalized linear models with repeated measures. Results showed that the Fisheries Education Class was effective at improving the self-efficacy of anglers toward understanding and applying the regulations and improved the attitudes of the participants toward fishing regulations.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Saul, Steven and Capielo Rosario, Cristalís},
 doi = {10.1002/fsh.10178},
 journal = {Fisheries},
 number = {2}
}

Formal regulatory structures, such as government-imposed size limits or bag limits, are standard tools used by managers to achieve fisheries management in most countries. Regulations are most effective if followed by the angling community, which is predicated upon anglers understanding and accepting the regulations. To enhance compliance with fishing regulations and improve the management of fisheries resources, Biscayne and Everglades National Parks established a Fisheries Education Class program that was open to the community and available to anglers cited with a fishing violation in exchange for a reduced or waived fine. Here, we describe this program and quantitatively evaluate its effectiveness by measuring and comparing the self-efficacy and attitudes of participants before and after the class using generalized linear models with repeated measures. Results showed that the Fisheries Education Class was effective at improving the self-efficacy of anglers toward understanding and applying the regulations and improved the attitudes of the participants toward fishing regulations.

@article{
 title = {Low discard survival of gray triggerfish in the southeastern US hook-and-line fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Balistes capriscus,Catch-and-release,Mortality,Reef fisheries,Tagging},
 pages = {1-9},
 volume = {219},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {44da2781-0b8d-3fd6-9dd3-27968002e63a},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.095Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.563Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We estimated condition-specific survival rates of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) using a tag-recapture approach and extrapolated these values to produce an overall discard survival estimate for the US South Atlantic recreational hook-and-line fishery. Tag return rates of fish tagged at the seafloor using SCUBA served as a reference for return rates of fish tagged at the surface. We examined the validity of gross necropsy as a proxy for survival by identifying likely causes of discard mortality. Best-condition surface-released fish (no external trauma) had an estimated mean proportional survival of 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 0.55). For gray triggerfish exhibiting visible trauma, estimated survival was 0.24 (0.10, 0.60). Floating fish had a survival rate of zero. The necropsy-based estimate of gray triggerfish lacking organ displacement closely matched the tag-based estimate of survival. Mean estimated discard survival across all depths for North Carolina was 0.35 (0.10, 0.59) and for Florida was 0.34 (0.08, 0.59). These results have implications for gray triggerfish management because our estimate of discard survival is substantially lower than previously assumed and for future discard survival research given our findings with gross necropsies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Runde, Brendan J. and Rudershausen, Paul J. and Sauls, Beverly and Mikles, Chloe S. and Buckel, Jeffrey A.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105313},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

We estimated condition-specific survival rates of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) using a tag-recapture approach and extrapolated these values to produce an overall discard survival estimate for the US South Atlantic recreational hook-and-line fishery. Tag return rates of fish tagged at the seafloor using SCUBA served as a reference for return rates of fish tagged at the surface. We examined the validity of gross necropsy as a proxy for survival by identifying likely causes of discard mortality. Best-condition surface-released fish (no external trauma) had an estimated mean proportional survival of 0.39 (95% confidence interval 0.28, 0.55). For gray triggerfish exhibiting visible trauma, estimated survival was 0.24 (0.10, 0.60). Floating fish had a survival rate of zero. The necropsy-based estimate of gray triggerfish lacking organ displacement closely matched the tag-based estimate of survival. Mean estimated discard survival across all depths for North Carolina was 0.35 (0.10, 0.59) and for Florida was 0.34 (0.08, 0.59). These results have implications for gray triggerfish management because our estimate of discard survival is substantially lower than previously assumed and for future discard survival research given our findings with gross necropsies.

@article{
 title = {An innovative fishing gear to enhance the release of non-target species in coastal shark-control programs: The SMART (shark management alert in real-time) drumline},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Bycatch,Catch and release,Drumlines,Hour of strike,Shark control,Survival rate},
 pages = {6-17},
 volume = {216},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {961bf6bc-8873-3d41-9f3f-c1c9047debd2},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.331Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.467Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In response to a spate of shark attacks in Reunion Island in the southwest Indian Ocean since 2011, local authorities developed an experimental shark-control program based on those conducted for decades in Australia and South Africa. In order to greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the impact of such a shark fishing program on bycatch and undersized target shark species, the use of conventional “drumlines” was improved by the addition of an innovative “Catch-A-Live”® system, making the drumlines ‘SMART’ (Shark Management Alert in Real Time). This is a real-time strike alert system based on an adapted triggering mechanism, which links the fishing line to a GPS buoy connected to the Iridium satellite. This system alerts fishers on duty via a computer-based communication system within just a few minutes, enabling immediate intervention. Off Reunion Island, up to 20 SMART drumlines (SDLs) were deployed along the west and southwest coast in coastal waters to target bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in trials conducted between 2014 and 2017. During 58,770 h of fishing there were 269 catches of more than 14 species, of which 86.9% were retrieved alive. There were marked differences in survival among species. While the most fragile species were the giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis), scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) and small carcharhinid species, most of the other bycatch species (stingrays Dasyatis sp., giant guitarfish Rhyncobathus djiddensis, and tawny nurse sharks Nebrius ferrugineus) were generally found alive and in a condition suitable for tag and release. Of the target species, 94.8% of all individuals were found alive. These survival rates are far higher than those of other programs using conventional drumlines in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Queensland (Australia). There were strong diurnal and lunar catch patterns. This information is invaluable in planning fishing operations to maximise the catch of the target species, while reducing the chances of killing the bycatch. These results highlight the potential for use of SDLs in research programs aimed at tagging large sharks capable of tripping the trigger, especially in situations where catch rates are so low that it is impractical for the fishing vessel to remain at sea for the duration of each fishing operation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Guyomard, David and Perry, Christophe and Tournoux, Pierre Ugo and Cliff, Geremy and Peddemors, Victor and Jaquemet, Sébastien},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2019.03.011},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

In response to a spate of shark attacks in Reunion Island in the southwest Indian Ocean since 2011, local authorities developed an experimental shark-control program based on those conducted for decades in Australia and South Africa. In order to greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the impact of such a shark fishing program on bycatch and undersized target shark species, the use of conventional “drumlines” was improved by the addition of an innovative “Catch-A-Live”® system, making the drumlines ‘SMART’ (Shark Management Alert in Real Time). This is a real-time strike alert system based on an adapted triggering mechanism, which links the fishing line to a GPS buoy connected to the Iridium satellite. This system alerts fishers on duty via a computer-based communication system within just a few minutes, enabling immediate intervention. Off Reunion Island, up to 20 SMART drumlines (SDLs) were deployed along the west and southwest coast in coastal waters to target bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in trials conducted between 2014 and 2017. During 58,770 h of fishing there were 269 catches of more than 14 species, of which 86.9% were retrieved alive. There were marked differences in survival among species. While the most fragile species were the giant trevally (Caranx ignobilis), scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) and small carcharhinid species, most of the other bycatch species (stingrays Dasyatis sp., giant guitarfish Rhyncobathus djiddensis, and tawny nurse sharks Nebrius ferrugineus) were generally found alive and in a condition suitable for tag and release. Of the target species, 94.8% of all individuals were found alive. These survival rates are far higher than those of other programs using conventional drumlines in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Queensland (Australia). There were strong diurnal and lunar catch patterns. This information is invaluable in planning fishing operations to maximise the catch of the target species, while reducing the chances of killing the bycatch. These results highlight the potential for use of SDLs in research programs aimed at tagging large sharks capable of tripping the trigger, especially in situations where catch rates are so low that it is impractical for the fishing vessel to remain at sea for the duration of each fishing operation.

@article{
 title = {Modeling temporal closures in a multispecies recreational fishery reveals tradeoffs associated with species seasonality and angler effort dynamics},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Age-structured modeling,Effort dynamics,Multispecies fisheries,Recreational fisheries},
 pages = {106-120},
 volume = {210},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {3d9f0d82-d5e5-3d27-be2b-a3df94f572c8},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.306Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.396Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Seasonal closures are commonly used to reduce fishing mortality in recreational and commercial fisheries, but they may be less effective when effort is merely displaced to the open season or in multispecies fisheries that allow for discarding to continue while other species are targeted. The latter is especially true for the valuable multispecies recreational reef fish fishery in the Gulf of Mexico, where discard mortality is high and it can be difficult to avoid catching one species while fishing for others. We evaluated the utility of complete bottom fishing closures (in addition to already mandated harvest closures) that would temporarily prohibit recreational reef fishing as a means to control effort, reduce the amount of dead discards, and improve stock status of multiple species. In this study we developed age-structured population models for six Gulf of Mexico reef fish species that dominate the recreational catch, with each model linked to a monthly effort dynamic model for the recreational fishery. The effect of closing any given month(s) varied across species and resulted in tradeoffs, such that some closures may result in positive effects on biomass of one species and negative effects on others. For example, a spring closure was predicted to have positive effects on Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus spawning stock biomass but negative effects on Gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis due to the contrasting patterns in harvest rates during those months. These tradeoffs were associated with seasonal availability patterns and the degree to which anglers might shift effort to the open season. The closure scenarios that were most likely to reduce dead discards without negatively impacting harvest, spawning biomass, or total effort occurred in late winter and early spring (March & April). In evaluating seasonal fishing closures, the gains in biomass and reductions in dead discards must be weighed against the socio-economic tradeoffs, in terms of lost effort-generated revenue at various spatial and temporal scales and angler dissatisfaction.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Chagaris, David and Allen, Micheal and Camp, Edward},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2018.10.018},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Seasonal closures are commonly used to reduce fishing mortality in recreational and commercial fisheries, but they may be less effective when effort is merely displaced to the open season or in multispecies fisheries that allow for discarding to continue while other species are targeted. The latter is especially true for the valuable multispecies recreational reef fish fishery in the Gulf of Mexico, where discard mortality is high and it can be difficult to avoid catching one species while fishing for others. We evaluated the utility of complete bottom fishing closures (in addition to already mandated harvest closures) that would temporarily prohibit recreational reef fishing as a means to control effort, reduce the amount of dead discards, and improve stock status of multiple species. In this study we developed age-structured population models for six Gulf of Mexico reef fish species that dominate the recreational catch, with each model linked to a monthly effort dynamic model for the recreational fishery. The effect of closing any given month(s) varied across species and resulted in tradeoffs, such that some closures may result in positive effects on biomass of one species and negative effects on others. For example, a spring closure was predicted to have positive effects on Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus spawning stock biomass but negative effects on Gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis due to the contrasting patterns in harvest rates during those months. These tradeoffs were associated with seasonal availability patterns and the degree to which anglers might shift effort to the open season. The closure scenarios that were most likely to reduce dead discards without negatively impacting harvest, spawning biomass, or total effort occurred in late winter and early spring (March & April). In evaluating seasonal fishing closures, the gains in biomass and reductions in dead discards must be weighed against the socio-economic tradeoffs, in terms of lost effort-generated revenue at various spatial and temporal scales and angler dissatisfaction.

@article{
 title = {Effects of barotrauma and recompression events on subsequent embryo condition of yelloweye rockfish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Embryo composition,Reproductive viability,Yelloweye rockfish},
 pages = {212-216},
 volume = {211},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {d8260fc5-4200-39a2-b22e-fd2f0a7932b7},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.873Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.971Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch-and-release fishing may adversely affect reproduction of rockfishes Sebastes spp. due to angling-induced barotrauma. Although yelloweye rockfish (S. ruberrimus) have been shown to be reproductively viable following these events, the energetic cost of recovery may negatively affect reproductive fitness through reduced embryo condition. In this study, female yelloweye rockfish from Prince William Sound, Alaska, were recaptured one to two years following their initial capture and recompression using a deepwater-release mechanism (DRM). Embryo composition from these fish was compared to the embryos from females with no previously known capture history to examine embryo oil globule volume (OGV), energy content, and percent lipid content. Capture history, maternal length and age, and developmental stage explained a high proportion of the variability in embryo OGV, but not energy or percent lipid content. For both groups of females, there were declines in OGV and energy content of embryos from early to late developmental stages. However, there were no differences in OGV and energy content between female groups for each embryo developmental stage and there were no differences in lipid content of embryos for either group between and among developmental stages. These results suggest that embryo condition was similar between females, regardless of capture history. As a result, DRM recompression seems to mitigate the negative effects of barotrauma on yelloweye rockfish embryo composition in subsequent spawning seasons.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Blain-Roth, Brittany J. and Sutton, Trent M.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2018.11.022},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Catch-and-release fishing may adversely affect reproduction of rockfishes Sebastes spp. due to angling-induced barotrauma. Although yelloweye rockfish (S. ruberrimus) have been shown to be reproductively viable following these events, the energetic cost of recovery may negatively affect reproductive fitness through reduced embryo condition. In this study, female yelloweye rockfish from Prince William Sound, Alaska, were recaptured one to two years following their initial capture and recompression using a deepwater-release mechanism (DRM). Embryo composition from these fish was compared to the embryos from females with no previously known capture history to examine embryo oil globule volume (OGV), energy content, and percent lipid content. Capture history, maternal length and age, and developmental stage explained a high proportion of the variability in embryo OGV, but not energy or percent lipid content. For both groups of females, there were declines in OGV and energy content of embryos from early to late developmental stages. However, there were no differences in OGV and energy content between female groups for each embryo developmental stage and there were no differences in lipid content of embryos for either group between and among developmental stages. These results suggest that embryo condition was similar between females, regardless of capture history. As a result, DRM recompression seems to mitigate the negative effects of barotrauma on yelloweye rockfish embryo composition in subsequent spawning seasons.

@article{
 title = {Effectiveness of descending devices to mitigate the effects of barotrauma among rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) in California recreational fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Catch and release,Descending device,Post-release mortality,Recreational fisheries,Rockfish},
 pages = {44-52},
 volume = {215},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {eb5ce0f0-d948-319b-9d20-8d19d11a898d},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.979Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-13T10:54:05.182Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Fishes caught from depth often suffer from barotrauma, which can result in high mortality rates (close to 100% for some species) when released at the surface. To mitigate for this, the recreational fishing community pro-actively developed several different types of descending devices designed to assist unwanted or prohibited fish back toward the bottom for release. Post-release survival using recompression techniques has been documented for some species, which has allowed fisheries managers to begin revising estimates of total fishing mortality in some cases, but the effectiveness of the different commercially-available descending device types has not been quantified. We conducted 24 Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel charters at 11 sites along the coast of California, and invited volunteer recreational anglers aboard the charters to test the effectiveness of five different commercially available device types, and respond to a survey of their device preferences. During release, all fish were descended either to 46 m (150 ft) depth or directly to the bottom, whichever depth was shallower. While there were some significant differences between device types, all devices were effective for releasing rockfishes back to depth. Initial post-release mortality (defined as all mortality events observable from the vessel while fishing) across all devices was relatively low (7.5%) in capture depths less than 100 m, but increased significantly to 16.4% at capture depths from 100 to 135 m. Our results suggest that rockfishes should be released at least half-way to the bottom (preferably directly to the bottom) for the device to be effective in minimizing post-release mortality. The time required to use the devices averaged under three minutes regardless of device type, meaning that all device types could be used efficiently on deck, but anglers showed a clear preference for the SeaQualizer ™ . This device produced some of the lowest release error rates and lowest initial post-release mortality of rockfishes aboard the charters, so angler preference coincided with device effectiveness. Collaborating with the recreational fishing community was an extremely important aspect to this study, provided more robust results, and fostered working relationships that can be built upon in future research projects.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bellquist, Lyall and Beyer, Sabrina and Arrington, Morgan and Maeding, Jordan and Siddall, Alayna and Fischer, Paul and Hyde, John and Wegner, Nicholas C.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2019.03.003},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Fishes caught from depth often suffer from barotrauma, which can result in high mortality rates (close to 100% for some species) when released at the surface. To mitigate for this, the recreational fishing community pro-actively developed several different types of descending devices designed to assist unwanted or prohibited fish back toward the bottom for release. Post-release survival using recompression techniques has been documented for some species, which has allowed fisheries managers to begin revising estimates of total fishing mortality in some cases, but the effectiveness of the different commercially-available descending device types has not been quantified. We conducted 24 Commercial Passenger Fishing Vessel charters at 11 sites along the coast of California, and invited volunteer recreational anglers aboard the charters to test the effectiveness of five different commercially available device types, and respond to a survey of their device preferences. During release, all fish were descended either to 46 m (150 ft) depth or directly to the bottom, whichever depth was shallower. While there were some significant differences between device types, all devices were effective for releasing rockfishes back to depth. Initial post-release mortality (defined as all mortality events observable from the vessel while fishing) across all devices was relatively low (7.5%) in capture depths less than 100 m, but increased significantly to 16.4% at capture depths from 100 to 135 m. Our results suggest that rockfishes should be released at least half-way to the bottom (preferably directly to the bottom) for the device to be effective in minimizing post-release mortality. The time required to use the devices averaged under three minutes regardless of device type, meaning that all device types could be used efficiently on deck, but anglers showed a clear preference for the SeaQualizer ™ . This device produced some of the lowest release error rates and lowest initial post-release mortality of rockfishes aboard the charters, so angler preference coincided with device effectiveness. Collaborating with the recreational fishing community was an extremely important aspect to this study, provided more robust results, and fostered working relationships that can be built upon in future research projects.

@article{
 title = {Genetic Identification of Species Responsible for Depredation in Commercial and Recreational Fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {524-534},
 volume = {39},
 month = {5},
 publisher = {Wiley},
 day = {20},
 id = {34087a17-ece2-3b8e-b8b5-6c2da9bc088d},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:10:00.155Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:09:09.126Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drymon, J. Marcus and Cooper, Pearce T. and Powers, Sean P. and Miller, Molly M. and Magnuson, Sharon and Krell, Evan and Bird, Chris},
 doi = {10.1002/nafm.10292},
 journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Recreational Angler Attitudes and Perceptions Regarding the Use of Descending Devices in Southeast Reef Fish Fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {506-518},
 volume = {11},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
 day = {1},
 id = {1eec0f17-e356-3fe3-8794-61158929dcff},
 created = {2020-01-10T16:17:26.013Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2020-01-10T16:17:28.566Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Reducing discard mortality in recreational fisheries remains an important component of stock rebuilding for many reef fish species. Discard mortality for these species can be high due in part to barotrauma injury sustained during capture coupled with high catch rates, but recent advances in fish descending devices can mitigate some of these declines. Despite high survival rates with rapid recompression strategies, recreational angler opinions and perceived effectiveness of the devices are relatively unknown. This study surveyed the perceptions, opinions, and attitudes of 538 recreational anglers regarding the use of descending devices in the reef fish fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. South Atlantic, with particular emphasis on Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus. In total, 1,074 descending devices were distributed to marine recreational anglers from North Carolina to Texas. After using the device for an average of 8 months and 15 fishing trips, recipients completed a questionnaire assessing their perceptions on the efficacy of the device. While 72% of respondents had little to no knowledge of descending devices prior to the study, 70% indicated that they preferred this release method over venting after the study. Survey respondents released over 7,000 Red Snapper and 4,000 other reef fish species with their descending devices, and 76% were likely to continue employing the device on their vessel. Eighty-nine percent of respondents believed descending Red Snapper would significantly reduce discard mortality in the recreational fishery. We discovered that recreational anglers perceive the devices to be highly useful in reducing discard mortality and are willing to employ them when releasing reef fish experiencing barotrauma. Other studies have demonstrated that these descending devices do reduce discard mortality of reef fishes, and this study indicates that recreational anglers are very willing to use them as a conservation tool.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Curtis, Judson M. and Tompkins, Alex K. and Loftus, Andrew J. and Stunz, Gregory W.},
 doi = {10.1002/mcf2.10102},
 journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries},
 number = {6}
}

Reducing discard mortality in recreational fisheries remains an important component of stock rebuilding for many reef fish species. Discard mortality for these species can be high due in part to barotrauma injury sustained during capture coupled with high catch rates, but recent advances in fish descending devices can mitigate some of these declines. Despite high survival rates with rapid recompression strategies, recreational angler opinions and perceived effectiveness of the devices are relatively unknown. This study surveyed the perceptions, opinions, and attitudes of 538 recreational anglers regarding the use of descending devices in the reef fish fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and U.S. South Atlantic, with particular emphasis on Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus. In total, 1,074 descending devices were distributed to marine recreational anglers from North Carolina to Texas. After using the device for an average of 8 months and 15 fishing trips, recipients completed a questionnaire assessing their perceptions on the efficacy of the device. While 72% of respondents had little to no knowledge of descending devices prior to the study, 70% indicated that they preferred this release method over venting after the study. Survey respondents released over 7,000 Red Snapper and 4,000 other reef fish species with their descending devices, and 76% were likely to continue employing the device on their vessel. Eighty-nine percent of respondents believed descending Red Snapper would significantly reduce discard mortality in the recreational fishery. We discovered that recreational anglers perceive the devices to be highly useful in reducing discard mortality and are willing to employ them when releasing reef fish experiencing barotrauma. Other studies have demonstrated that these descending devices do reduce discard mortality of reef fishes, and this study indicates that recreational anglers are very willing to use them as a conservation tool.

@article{
 title = {Compression and relaxation of fishing effort in response to changes in length of fishing season for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1-7},
 volume = {117},
 publisher = {National Marine Fisheries Service},
 id = {5c7359eb-c7eb-3d77-ab90-ad1ededa0993},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.647Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.373Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A standard method used by fisheries managers to decrease catch and effort is to shorten the length of a fishery; however, data on recreational angler response to this simple approach are surprisingly lacking. We assessed the effect of variable season length on daily fishing effort, measured by using numbers of boat launches per day, an-glers per boat, and anglers per day from video observations, in the recreational sector of the federal fishery for red snapper (Lutjanus campecha-nus) in coastal Alabama. From 2012 through 2017, season length fluctuated from 3 to 40 d. Daily effort, measured by using mean number of boat launches per day (coefficient of multiple determination [R 2 ]=0.58) and mean number of anglers per day (R 2 =0.67), increased linearly with season shortening, indicating effort compression. In 2017, 2 seasons were allowed: an early season (3 d) and an unanticipated late season (39 d). Daily effort decreased during the late season, indicating that effort can also be relaxed if anglers anticipate longer seasons. Model fit for mean number of anglers per day improved with the addition of a daily wind factor (R 2 =0.94). The results of this study indicate that responses of anglers to changing fishing seasons are dynamic.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Powers, Sean P. and Anson, Kevin},
 doi = {10.7755/FB.117.1.1},
 journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
 number = {1}
}

A standard method used by fisheries managers to decrease catch and effort is to shorten the length of a fishery; however, data on recreational angler response to this simple approach are surprisingly lacking. We assessed the effect of variable season length on daily fishing effort, measured by using numbers of boat launches per day, an-glers per boat, and anglers per day from video observations, in the recreational sector of the federal fishery for red snapper (Lutjanus campecha-nus) in coastal Alabama. From 2012 through 2017, season length fluctuated from 3 to 40 d. Daily effort, measured by using mean number of boat launches per day (coefficient of multiple determination [R 2 ]=0.58) and mean number of anglers per day (R 2 =0.67), increased linearly with season shortening, indicating effort compression. In 2017, 2 seasons were allowed: an early season (3 d) and an unanticipated late season (39 d). Daily effort decreased during the late season, indicating that effort can also be relaxed if anglers anticipate longer seasons. Model fit for mean number of anglers per day improved with the addition of a daily wind factor (R 2 =0.94). The results of this study indicate that responses of anglers to changing fishing seasons are dynamic.

@inproceedings{
 title = {Targeted education reduces marine protected area boundary encroachments: a case study from the Florida Keys},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {1201-1214},
 volume = {94},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science},
 day = {1},
 id = {61afbfcf-3e80-3f82-b718-47ec08beecf8},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.654Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:55:31.552Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {—Compliance with marine protected area (MPA) regulations is considered a primary determinant of MPA success, though few studies have directly quantified this. The Florida Keys (USA) contain several types of MPAs that are managed by multiple state and federal agencies. The present study evaluated the use of lobster traps, relative to control areas, in two types of MPAs that protect coral reef habitat and prohibit lobster trap fishing: MPAs with marked boundaries vs MPAs with unmarked boundaries. The number of traps, trap owners, and trap location coordinates were recorded in replicate MPAs before and after an educational outreach effort to promote better recognition of trap fishing regulations in MPAs. The mean density of traps (number of traps km−2) was greatest in unmarked MPAs during both pre- [40.5 (SE 7.1) traps] and posteducation [23.9 (SE 4.5) traps] surveys; however, the reduction in trap density was not significant. Traps observed in unmarked MPAs were typically distributed throughout each area. In contrast, the density of traps in marked MPAs pre- [5.4 (SE 1.47) traps] and posteducation [1.3 (SE 0.6) traps] was significantly different, and traps were mostly concentrated near MPA boundaries. The density of trap owners posteducation was reduced in both marked and unmarked MPAs; however, the reduction was only significant in marked MPAs [2.1 (SE 0.5) to 0.6 (SE 0.3)]. The results of the this research highlight the critical roles of communication and fisher behavior in the management of MPA compliance and performance. © 2018 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Renchen, Gabrielle F. and Matthews, Thomas R.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2017.1104},
 booktitle = {Bulletin of Marine Science}
}

—Compliance with marine protected area (MPA) regulations is considered a primary determinant of MPA success, though few studies have directly quantified this. The Florida Keys (USA) contain several types of MPAs that are managed by multiple state and federal agencies. The present study evaluated the use of lobster traps, relative to control areas, in two types of MPAs that protect coral reef habitat and prohibit lobster trap fishing: MPAs with marked boundaries vs MPAs with unmarked boundaries. The number of traps, trap owners, and trap location coordinates were recorded in replicate MPAs before and after an educational outreach effort to promote better recognition of trap fishing regulations in MPAs. The mean density of traps (number of traps km−2) was greatest in unmarked MPAs during both pre- [40.5 (SE 7.1) traps] and posteducation [23.9 (SE 4.5) traps] surveys; however, the reduction in trap density was not significant. Traps observed in unmarked MPAs were typically distributed throughout each area. In contrast, the density of traps in marked MPAs pre- [5.4 (SE 1.47) traps] and posteducation [1.3 (SE 0.6) traps] was significantly different, and traps were mostly concentrated near MPA boundaries. The density of trap owners posteducation was reduced in both marked and unmarked MPAs; however, the reduction was only significant in marked MPAs [2.1 (SE 0.5) to 0.6 (SE 0.3)]. The results of the this research highlight the critical roles of communication and fisher behavior in the management of MPA compliance and performance. © 2018 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami

@article{
 title = {Barotrauma Treatment Effects on Survival Rates for some Discarded Fish by Trawl Fishery Analysis of Factors Acting upon the Survival Possibility of Discarded Fish in Trawl Fishery View project Scientific Research Project View project},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {4867-4873},
 volume = {27},
 websites = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325532230},
 id = {e36aac8a-2275-3099-b119-80d32c2ea647},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.723Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:52:21.268Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Şimşek, Emrah and Demirci, Aydın},
 journal = {Fresnius Environmental Bulletin},
 number = {7}
}

@article{
 title = {Descender Devices are Promising Tools for Increasing Survival in Deepwater Groupers},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {100-117},
 volume = {10},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
 day = {1},
 id = {c6466261-0edf-3e93-82bb-16a5dafdacb0},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.198Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.298Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Discard survival of deepwater (>60 m) groupers (Serranidae; Epinephelinae) is often assumed to be 0% given the severity of barotrauma and the inability of fish to submerge. We used acoustic telemetry to study the activity of 19 deepwater grouper after a recompressed release with a descender device, achieved by rapidly returning fish to a depth where expanded gases can contract. The species tested were the Scamp Mycteroperca phenax (n = 8), Snowy Grouper Hyporthodus niveatus (n = 7), and Speckled Hind Epinephelus drummondhayi (n = 4). Individuals of all three species showed post-recompression variation in water depth and acceleration indicative of survival, whereas information from other tags indicated discard mortality. Nonparametric Kaplan–Meier survivorship procedures yielded a 14-d survival estimate of 0.50 (95% confidence interval = 0.10–0.91); although low, this estimate is higher than the currently assumed 0% survival. Additionally, our estimate of discard survival is likely biased low because we assumed that no individuals shed their tag, which is unlikely for our attachment method. A technique to increase dis- card survival of deepwater groupers may lead to better-constructed regulations for reef fishes in the southeastern USA and in other areas where these species are caught and released.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Runde, Brendan J. and Buckel, Jeffrey A.},
 doi = {10.1002/mcf2.10010},
 journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries},
 number = {2}
}

Discard survival of deepwater (>60 m) groupers (Serranidae; Epinephelinae) is often assumed to be 0% given the severity of barotrauma and the inability of fish to submerge. We used acoustic telemetry to study the activity of 19 deepwater grouper after a recompressed release with a descender device, achieved by rapidly returning fish to a depth where expanded gases can contract. The species tested were the Scamp Mycteroperca phenax (n = 8), Snowy Grouper Hyporthodus niveatus (n = 7), and Speckled Hind Epinephelus drummondhayi (n = 4). Individuals of all three species showed post-recompression variation in water depth and acceleration indicative of survival, whereas information from other tags indicated discard mortality. Nonparametric Kaplan–Meier survivorship procedures yielded a 14-d survival estimate of 0.50 (95% confidence interval = 0.10–0.91); although low, this estimate is higher than the currently assumed 0% survival. Additionally, our estimate of discard survival is likely biased low because we assumed that no individuals shed their tag, which is unlikely for our attachment method. A technique to increase dis- card survival of deepwater groupers may lead to better-constructed regulations for reef fishes in the southeastern USA and in other areas where these species are caught and released.

@article{
 title = {Biotelemetry based estimates of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) post-release mortality in the northern Gulf of Mexico},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Acoustic array,Management},
 pages = {239-246},
 volume = {208},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {39905dba-0c0d-3c0d-bce7-0b936c7407e6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.856Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.952Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The Gulf of Mexico greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) stock has been designated as “overfished” by the National Marine Fisheries Service and is currently under a rebuilding plan. Its fishery in the Gulf of Mexico is dominated by recreational landings, where 75% of the total recreational catch are regulatory discards; as such, uncertainty regarding the post-release mortality rate represents a data deficiency in the stock assessment. To determine post-release mortality, a combination of acoustic and pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags were used to monitor the release fate and depth-use of greater amberjack. Thirty-six greater amberjack were tagged with acoustic transmitters at two sites in the northern GOM and monitored for up to 30 days. Sublegal-sized fish (n = 18) ranged from 591 to 740 mm FL (mean = 674.6 ± 40.6 SE) and legal-sized fish (n = 18) ranged from 768 to 1081 mm FL (mean = 871.3 ± 77.5 SE). All 36 fish were detected in the array after release. Based on examination of time series depth profiles, post-release mortality was estimated to be 18.8% ± 6.9%, strikingly similar to the estimate used in the most recent stock assessment. Stepwise model selection using AIC identified the Cox proportional hazards model containing only release condition as the most parsimonious model to predict post-release mortality. Despite differences in depth between the two tagging sites, fish showed slight, but consistent, size-specific segregation patterns. Our findingsadd to a body of literature demonstrating that biotelemetry is an effective tool in catch and release mortality studies, and provide best practices that can aid in the recovery of this stock.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jackson, Laura Stone and Drymon, J. Marcus and Nelson, T. Reid and Powers, Sean P.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2018.07.017},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

The Gulf of Mexico greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) stock has been designated as “overfished” by the National Marine Fisheries Service and is currently under a rebuilding plan. Its fishery in the Gulf of Mexico is dominated by recreational landings, where 75% of the total recreational catch are regulatory discards; as such, uncertainty regarding the post-release mortality rate represents a data deficiency in the stock assessment. To determine post-release mortality, a combination of acoustic and pop-up satellite archival transmitting (PSAT) tags were used to monitor the release fate and depth-use of greater amberjack. Thirty-six greater amberjack were tagged with acoustic transmitters at two sites in the northern GOM and monitored for up to 30 days. Sublegal-sized fish (n = 18) ranged from 591 to 740 mm FL (mean = 674.6 ± 40.6 SE) and legal-sized fish (n = 18) ranged from 768 to 1081 mm FL (mean = 871.3 ± 77.5 SE). All 36 fish were detected in the array after release. Based on examination of time series depth profiles, post-release mortality was estimated to be 18.8% ± 6.9%, strikingly similar to the estimate used in the most recent stock assessment. Stepwise model selection using AIC identified the Cox proportional hazards model containing only release condition as the most parsimonious model to predict post-release mortality. Despite differences in depth between the two tagging sites, fish showed slight, but consistent, size-specific segregation patterns. Our findingsadd to a body of literature demonstrating that biotelemetry is an effective tool in catch and release mortality studies, and provide best practices that can aid in the recovery of this stock.

@book{
 title = {Performance Comparison of Different Release Devices for Barotrauma Treatment During Fishing Operations Analysis of Factors Acting upon the Survival Possibility of Discarded Fish in Trawl Fishery View project Scientific Research Project View project},
 type = {book},
 year = {2018},
 websites = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325534742},
 id = {7b015f42-77ce-3f03-bd05-d4ef681817b6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.256Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.357Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {book},
 author = {Demirci, Aydın and Şimşek, Emrah}
}

@techreport{
 title = {2017 Citizen Science Descending Device Study Final Report An Evaluation of Anglers' Barriers to Using Descending Devices},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2018},
 id = {e4082edc-2ef3-34b9-98e4-3bac48bc7eb6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.311Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.427Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Mccawley, Jessica and Estes, Jim and Guyas, Martha and Ellinor, Daniel and Abrams, Richard and Peirce, Alan and Burgess, Erika and Morales, Nia}
}

@article{
 title = {Understanding Resource-Conserving Behaviors Among Fishers: Barotrauma Mitigation and the Power of Subjective Norms in Florida's Reef Fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {271-280},
 volume = {38},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Inc.},
 day = {1},
 id = {21ef3103-abc5-34e1-9c2b-e7dabaf9be9c},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.312Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:16:48.850Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Understanding the factors underlying fishers’ decisions to adopt resource‐conserving behaviors is important to successful fisheries management. This study used an online survey to explore factors motivating decisions to use alternative barotrauma mitigation measures (venting and descending) to improve discarded reef fish survival across recreational, charter, and commercial fishers in the state of Florida. A majority of respondents (66–69%) had experienced fish showing gross signs of barotrauma, and more than half of those (52–69%) reported using barotrauma mitigation most of the time when needed. Use of mitigation by other fishers was perceived to be lower (30–57%) and to have declined after removal of a venting tool requirement. Overall, respondents were more likely to have used venting tools (96–99%) than fish descenders (14–27%), and most respondents (81–86%) intended to use venting tools in the future. The theory of planned behavior was used to predict and explain intentions to use venting tools and/or fish descenders based on three variables: attitudes toward the method, subjective norms (i.e., social pressure), and perceived control (i.e., confidence in their ability to use the method). Fishers across sectors perceived venting tools and descenders to be similarly effective in improving released fish survival, but they felt that descenders were more time consuming, difficult to use, and expensive. Subjective norms and perceived control were stronger for venting tools than for descenders. Overall, subjective norms had the strongest influence on fishers’ intention to use either form of mitigation; attitudes and perceived control were also important in the case of descenders. Outreach efforts focusing on re‐enforcing subjective norms should have the greatest impact on increasing fishers’ use of barotrauma mitigation methods. Comparatively greater efforts are required to increase the use of descending gear than to increase the use of venting, and care should be taken to avoid strategies that could result in an overall decline of barotrauma mitigation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Crandall, Chelsey A. and Garlock, Taryn M. and Lorenzen, Kai},
 doi = {10.1002/nafm.10041},
 journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
 number = {2}
}

Understanding the factors underlying fishers’ decisions to adopt resource‐conserving behaviors is important to successful fisheries management. This study used an online survey to explore factors motivating decisions to use alternative barotrauma mitigation measures (venting and descending) to improve discarded reef fish survival across recreational, charter, and commercial fishers in the state of Florida. A majority of respondents (66–69%) had experienced fish showing gross signs of barotrauma, and more than half of those (52–69%) reported using barotrauma mitigation most of the time when needed. Use of mitigation by other fishers was perceived to be lower (30–57%) and to have declined after removal of a venting tool requirement. Overall, respondents were more likely to have used venting tools (96–99%) than fish descenders (14–27%), and most respondents (81–86%) intended to use venting tools in the future. The theory of planned behavior was used to predict and explain intentions to use venting tools and/or fish descenders based on three variables: attitudes toward the method, subjective norms (i.e., social pressure), and perceived control (i.e., confidence in their ability to use the method). Fishers across sectors perceived venting tools and descenders to be similarly effective in improving released fish survival, but they felt that descenders were more time consuming, difficult to use, and expensive. Subjective norms and perceived control were stronger for venting tools than for descenders. Overall, subjective norms had the strongest influence on fishers’ intention to use either form of mitigation; attitudes and perceived control were also important in the case of descenders. Outreach efforts focusing on re‐enforcing subjective norms should have the greatest impact on increasing fishers’ use of barotrauma mitigation methods. Comparatively greater efforts are required to increase the use of descending gear than to increase the use of venting, and care should be taken to avoid strategies that could result in an overall decline of barotrauma mitigation.

@article{
 title = {A review of the use of recompression devices as a tool for reducing the effects of barotrauma on rockfishes in British Columbia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat,Fisheries and Oceans Canada,Science Response},
 pages = {1-20},
 volume = {2018},
 websites = {http://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/40716120.pdf},
 id = {6d738938-42e6-3c4d-b78e-aa61de88ffff},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.321Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:16:19.174Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {DFO, undefined},
 number = {August}
}

@article{
 title = {Using Three Acoustic Technologies on Underwater Gliders to Survey Fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {39-52},
 volume = {52},
 id = {41914da6-43d5-3f88-9c34-a2a1c4912188},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:22:50.052Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.406Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lembke, C. and Lowerre-Barbieri, S. and Mann, D. and Taylor, J.C.},
 journal = {Marine Technology Society Journal},
 number = {6}
}

@article{
 title = {Keepemwet Fishing—An emerging social brand for disseminating best practices for catch-and-release in recreational fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {#Keepemwet,Catch-and-release,Communications,Recreational fishing,Social brand,Social norms},
 pages = {52-56},
 volume = {205},
 month = {9},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {3f7d731a-0e09-3c1f-b0bc-88d771b2c191},
 created = {2019-09-16T19:39:02.900Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T19:39:02.974Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {There is a growing body of catch-and-release (C&R) science showing that adjusting the way fish are caught, handled, and released can reduce impacts on individuals and populations. However, a major caveat is that C&R will be a more effective conservation tool if best practice guidelines stemming from the science are understood, embraced, and adopted by recreational anglers. In recognition of this, Keepemwet Fishing (KWF) has emerged as a nonpartisan movement to provide simple, clear, and accurate C&R guidelines that transcend species and subcultures within the recreational angling community. The foundations of the KWF movement are science-based best practices, clear translations of the science, and a diverse and growing set of stakeholder groups that are sharing the Keepemwet sentiment via social media and other communication channels. We highlight the power of this grassroots movement, as well as potential hurdles that KWF and other social brands will need to overcome to broaden their effectiveness in making C&R guidelines more accessible and appealing to the public. Given the apparent increase in bottom-up attempts to disseminate best practices to anglers, the lessons learned from the KWF movement have the potential to be of great benefit to other groups engaged in angler outreach related to best practices and broader recreational fisheries conservation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Danylchuk, Andy J. and Danylchuk, Sascha Clark and Kosiarski, Andrew and Cooke, Steven J. and Huskey, Bryan},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2018.04.005},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

There is a growing body of catch-and-release (C&R) science showing that adjusting the way fish are caught, handled, and released can reduce impacts on individuals and populations. However, a major caveat is that C&R will be a more effective conservation tool if best practice guidelines stemming from the science are understood, embraced, and adopted by recreational anglers. In recognition of this, Keepemwet Fishing (KWF) has emerged as a nonpartisan movement to provide simple, clear, and accurate C&R guidelines that transcend species and subcultures within the recreational angling community. The foundations of the KWF movement are science-based best practices, clear translations of the science, and a diverse and growing set of stakeholder groups that are sharing the Keepemwet sentiment via social media and other communication channels. We highlight the power of this grassroots movement, as well as potential hurdles that KWF and other social brands will need to overcome to broaden their effectiveness in making C&R guidelines more accessible and appealing to the public. Given the apparent increase in bottom-up attempts to disseminate best practices to anglers, the lessons learned from the KWF movement have the potential to be of great benefit to other groups engaged in angler outreach related to best practices and broader recreational fisheries conservation.

@article{
 title = {Evaluation of the čibu·d, traditional halibut hook of the Makah Tribe, for reducing catch of non-target species in recreational Pacific halibut fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Bycatch,Fishing hooks,Hippoglossus stenolepis,Pacific halibut,Recreational fishing},
 pages = {17-25},
 volume = {185},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {b0b4518e-7354-34ac-88fc-479d9338cc71},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.798Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.876Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {On the US west coast, the incidental mortality of non-target fish species in the recreational fishery for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis; hereafter halibut) is a management concern. One potential approach to reducing non-target fish mortality is to use fishing hooks that more effectively target halibut. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using the čibu·d, a halibut hook traditionally used by the Makah Tribe, for recreational halibut fishing. The Makah Tribe ethnographic record indicates that the čibu·d was selective for moderately sized halibut with little or no catch of other species. We tested the fishing performance of the čibu·d as compared to paired circle hooks (size 8/0) commonly used for recreational fishing using a charter-boat and volunteer anglers. Catch rates of halibut and non-target species, relative (target to non-target) catch ratios, and size selectivity of halibut caught by the two types of hooks were evaluated. Interviews with anglers were also conducted to assess angler opinions on use of the čibu·d. Catch rates of both halibut and non-target species were significantly less for the čibu·d than for circle hooks. Although catch rates were lower for čibu·d, they were 7.4 times more likely to catch a halibut than a non-target species compared to circle hooks. The catch ratio result, along with the positive response of anglers to using the čibu·d, indicate the čibu·d is a feasible hook type alternative for reducing catch of non-target fish species during recreational halibut fisheries particularly in areas where catch of non-target species is a conservation concern.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Scordino, Jonathan Joseph and Petersen, Joseph Robert and Monette, Joshua Levi and Scordino, Joe},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.030},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

On the US west coast, the incidental mortality of non-target fish species in the recreational fishery for Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis; hereafter halibut) is a management concern. One potential approach to reducing non-target fish mortality is to use fishing hooks that more effectively target halibut. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of using the čibu·d, a halibut hook traditionally used by the Makah Tribe, for recreational halibut fishing. The Makah Tribe ethnographic record indicates that the čibu·d was selective for moderately sized halibut with little or no catch of other species. We tested the fishing performance of the čibu·d as compared to paired circle hooks (size 8/0) commonly used for recreational fishing using a charter-boat and volunteer anglers. Catch rates of halibut and non-target species, relative (target to non-target) catch ratios, and size selectivity of halibut caught by the two types of hooks were evaluated. Interviews with anglers were also conducted to assess angler opinions on use of the čibu·d. Catch rates of both halibut and non-target species were significantly less for the čibu·d than for circle hooks. Although catch rates were lower for čibu·d, they were 7.4 times more likely to catch a halibut than a non-target species compared to circle hooks. The catch ratio result, along with the positive response of anglers to using the čibu·d, indicate the čibu·d is a feasible hook type alternative for reducing catch of non-target fish species during recreational halibut fisheries particularly in areas where catch of non-target species is a conservation concern.

@techreport{
 title = {TECHNIQUES FOR MINIMIZING DISCARD MORTALITY OF GOM OF MEXICO RED SNAPPER AND VALIDATING SURVIVAL WITH ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY GRANT NA14NMF4720326 FINAL REPORT},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2017},
 id = {de2e6bb8-563d-3625-80d2-46a1ee054b86},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.760Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.841Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Stunz, Gregory W and Judson, M and Curtis, Alex and Tompkins, B S and Ajemian, M and Robillard, M and Williams, J and Wetz, J and Topping, T and Streich, M and Gibson, K and Downey, C and Hall, Q and Ferguson, A and Norris, D}
}

@techreport{
 title = {Testing Tackle Modifications and Fish Descender Tools for Reducing Dolphin Depredation and Scavenging of Sport Fish},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {38},
 websites = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327989414},
 institution = {Seagrant},
 id = {fa1dcbe4-45db-3ea6-8bc4-96d0fe1c34c0},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.780Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.858Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Shippee, Steve F},
 doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17603.04645}
}

@article{
 title = {Characterizing information on best practice guidelines for catch-and-release in websites of angling-based non-government organizations in the United States},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Catch-and-release,Communication,Guidelines,Non-government organizations,Recreational fishing},
 pages = {688-692},
 volume = {186},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {54904884-9053-3d8c-81f5-aecfdaac8d6b},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.833Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.789Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Recreational catch-and-release angling is an important tool for managing fish stocks. As recreational fishing is often a culturally or community-based activity, many anglers look to local grassroots and other non-government organizations (NGOs) as a source of information regarding their angling practices. For this study we examined the websites of recreational angling NGOs for mention of conservation and availability of best practice guidelines for catch-and-release fishing. Based on combinations of twelve search terms used on the Google search engine between October 2014 and March 2015, we reviewed 183 NGO websites and evaluated the language used in mission statements and website content for mention of conservation, catch-and-release, and any details related to the handling of caught fish. Any posted guidelines for catch-and-release were compared against scientifically evaluated best practices. During the time of our survey, results showed that <9% of recreational fishing NGOs mentioned catch-and-release anywhere within their websites and almost none provided complete, accurate best practice guidelines. For the small number of websites that did mention or promote guidelines for catch-and-release, there was no difference in the frequency of best practices listed among NGOs that focused on fly fishing, conventional gear fishing, or both. NGOs with a large membership shared more best practice guidelines for catch-and-release on their websites. Whether voluntary or mandatory through regulations, if catch-and-release is to be a valuable tool for conservation, our results suggest that there is a need for greater emphasis on encouraging best practices guidelines to be shared across a broad range of angling based NGOs. Knowledge sharing among angling based NGOs could be an effective way to promote best practices guidelines that ultimately help support the sustainability of recreational fisheries.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sims, Brittany and Danylchuk, Andy J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.019},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Recreational catch-and-release angling is an important tool for managing fish stocks. As recreational fishing is often a culturally or community-based activity, many anglers look to local grassroots and other non-government organizations (NGOs) as a source of information regarding their angling practices. For this study we examined the websites of recreational angling NGOs for mention of conservation and availability of best practice guidelines for catch-and-release fishing. Based on combinations of twelve search terms used on the Google search engine between October 2014 and March 2015, we reviewed 183 NGO websites and evaluated the language used in mission statements and website content for mention of conservation, catch-and-release, and any details related to the handling of caught fish. Any posted guidelines for catch-and-release were compared against scientifically evaluated best practices. During the time of our survey, results showed that <9% of recreational fishing NGOs mentioned catch-and-release anywhere within their websites and almost none provided complete, accurate best practice guidelines. For the small number of websites that did mention or promote guidelines for catch-and-release, there was no difference in the frequency of best practices listed among NGOs that focused on fly fishing, conventional gear fishing, or both. NGOs with a large membership shared more best practice guidelines for catch-and-release on their websites. Whether voluntary or mandatory through regulations, if catch-and-release is to be a valuable tool for conservation, our results suggest that there is a need for greater emphasis on encouraging best practices guidelines to be shared across a broad range of angling based NGOs. Knowledge sharing among angling based NGOs could be an effective way to promote best practices guidelines that ultimately help support the sustainability of recreational fisheries.

@article{
 title = {Sink or swim? Factors affecting immediate discard mortality for the gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Discard mortality,Grouper,Logistic regression,Reef fish,Snapper},
 pages = {166-172},
 volume = {188},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {1f3b5a8e-9716-3372-88d2-a89b07e9cd66},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.237Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.315Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Fishery observer data collected from June 2006 through December 2015 in the Gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery were examined to determine if any covariates available affected immediate discard mortality for six species: red grouper Epinephelus morio, red snapper Lutjanus campechanus, vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens, gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis, scamp grouper Mycteroperca phenax, and speckled hind Epinephelus drummondhayi. Using logistic regression models, this study predicted immediate discard mortality was positively correlated with increased depths, seasons associated with warmer water temperatures, and external evidence of barotrauma. Additionally, bottom longline gear increased the predicted probability of immediate mortality compared to vertical line gear for all species except vermilion snapper. Air bladder venting significantly decreased the predicted probability of immediate mortality for all species except speckled hind. Future research incorporating tag-recapture data into the current observer program for the commercial reef fish fishery is vital to assess if condition assessment at release can be relied on as an accurate proxy for long-term survival. This research provides information that managers could potentially use to make more informed decisions when implementing measures such as changes to existing size limits, venting requirements, and seasonal, area, or gear restrictions intended to reduce unwanted discard mortality.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pulver, J. R.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.12.018},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Fishery observer data collected from June 2006 through December 2015 in the Gulf of Mexico commercial reef fish fishery were examined to determine if any covariates available affected immediate discard mortality for six species: red grouper Epinephelus morio, red snapper Lutjanus campechanus, vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens, gag grouper Mycteroperca microlepis, scamp grouper Mycteroperca phenax, and speckled hind Epinephelus drummondhayi. Using logistic regression models, this study predicted immediate discard mortality was positively correlated with increased depths, seasons associated with warmer water temperatures, and external evidence of barotrauma. Additionally, bottom longline gear increased the predicted probability of immediate mortality compared to vertical line gear for all species except vermilion snapper. Air bladder venting significantly decreased the predicted probability of immediate mortality for all species except speckled hind. Future research incorporating tag-recapture data into the current observer program for the commercial reef fish fishery is vital to assess if condition assessment at release can be relied on as an accurate proxy for long-term survival. This research provides information that managers could potentially use to make more informed decisions when implementing measures such as changes to existing size limits, venting requirements, and seasonal, area, or gear restrictions intended to reduce unwanted discard mortality.

@article{
 title = {Delayed effects of capture-induced barotrauma on physical condition and behavioral competency of recompressed yelloweye rockfish, Sebastes ruberrimus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Bycatch,Delayed mortality,Sebastes,Spatial management},
 pages = {258-268},
 volume = {186},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {dbe46a74-4300-370e-b1aa-b864dcd6e3ee},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.304Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.388Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Rebuilding of some U.S. West Coast rockfish (Sebastes spp.) stocks relies heavily on mandatory fishery discard, however the long-term condition of discarded fish experiencing capture-related barotrauma is unknown. We conducted two studies designed to evaluate delayed mortality, physical condition, and behavioral competency of yelloweye rockfish, Sebastes ruberrimus, experiencing barotrauma during capture followed by recompression (assisted return to depth of capture). First, we used sea-cage and laboratory holding to evaluate fish condition at 2, 15, and 30 days post-capture from 140 to 150 m depth. All external barotrauma signs resolved following 2 days of recompression, but fish that survived (10/12) had compromised buoyancy regulation, swim bladder injuries, and coelomic and visceral hemorrhages at both 15 and 30 days post-capture. For the second study, we used a video-equipped sea-cage to observe fish behavior for one hour following capture and return to the sea floor. Trials were conducted with 24 fish captured from 54 to 199 m water depth. All fish survived, but 50% of fish from the deepest depth ranges showed impairment in their ability to vertically orient (P < 0.01). Most (75%) deep-captured fish did not exhibit “vision-dependent” behavior (P < 0.001) and appeared unable to visually discern the difference between an opaque barrier and unobstructed or transparent components of the cage. These studies indicate physical injuries and behavioral impairment may compromise yelloweye rockfish in the hours and weeks following discard, even with recompression. Our results reiterate the importance of avoiding fishing contact with species under stock rebuilding plans, especially in deep water, and that spatially-managed rockfish conservation areas remain closed to fishing.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rankin, Polly S. and Hannah, Robert W. and Blume, Matthew T.O. and Miller-Morgan, Timothy J. and Heidel, Jerry R.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.09.004},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Rebuilding of some U.S. West Coast rockfish (Sebastes spp.) stocks relies heavily on mandatory fishery discard, however the long-term condition of discarded fish experiencing capture-related barotrauma is unknown. We conducted two studies designed to evaluate delayed mortality, physical condition, and behavioral competency of yelloweye rockfish, Sebastes ruberrimus, experiencing barotrauma during capture followed by recompression (assisted return to depth of capture). First, we used sea-cage and laboratory holding to evaluate fish condition at 2, 15, and 30 days post-capture from 140 to 150 m depth. All external barotrauma signs resolved following 2 days of recompression, but fish that survived (10/12) had compromised buoyancy regulation, swim bladder injuries, and coelomic and visceral hemorrhages at both 15 and 30 days post-capture. For the second study, we used a video-equipped sea-cage to observe fish behavior for one hour following capture and return to the sea floor. Trials were conducted with 24 fish captured from 54 to 199 m water depth. All fish survived, but 50% of fish from the deepest depth ranges showed impairment in their ability to vertically orient (P < 0.01). Most (75%) deep-captured fish did not exhibit “vision-dependent” behavior (P < 0.001) and appeared unable to visually discern the difference between an opaque barrier and unobstructed or transparent components of the cage. These studies indicate physical injuries and behavioral impairment may compromise yelloweye rockfish in the hours and weeks following discard, even with recompression. Our results reiterate the importance of avoiding fishing contact with species under stock rebuilding plans, especially in deep water, and that spatially-managed rockfish conservation areas remain closed to fishing.

@article{
 title = {Effectiveness of shore-based remote camera monitoring for quantifying recreational fisher compliance in marine conservation areas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {coastal,fish,fishing,marine protected area,marine reserve,ocean,recreation},
 pages = {804-813},
 volume = {27},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
 day = {1},
 id = {ba1acf3f-37aa-322a-b37a-db9542ff6811},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.708Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.384Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Copyright © 2017 John Wiley  &  Sons, Ltd. Marine conservation areas require high levels of compliance to meet conservation objectives, yet little research has assessed compliance quantitatively, especially for recreational fishers. Recreational fishers take 12% of global annual fish catches . With millions of people fishing from small boats, this fishing sector is hard to monitor, making accurate quantification of non-compliance an urgent research priority. Shore-based remote camera monitoring was tested for quantifying recreational non-compliance in near-shore, coastal rockfish conservation areas (RCAs) in the Salish Sea, Canada. Six high definition trail cameras were used to monitor 42 locations between July and August 2014. Seventy-nine percent of monitored conservation area sites showed confirmed or probable fishing activity, with no significant difference in fishing effort inside and outside RCAs. Mixed effects generalized linear models were used to test environmental and geographic factors influencing compliance. Sites with greater depth had significantly higher fishing effort, which may imply high, barotrauma-induced, rockfish mortality in RCA sites. Non-compliance estimates were similar to aerial fly-over compliance data from 2011, suggesting that trail camera monitoring may be an accurate and affordable alternative method of assessing non-compliance in coastal conservation areas, especially for community-based organizations wishing to monitor local waters. Widespread non-compliance could compromise the ability of RCAs to protect and rebuild rockfish populations. Increased education, signage, and enforcement is likely to improve compliance.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lancaster, Darienne and Dearden, Philip and Haggarty, Dana R. and Volpe, John P. and Ban, Natalie C.},
 doi = {10.1002/aqc.2736},
 journal = {Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems},
 number = {4}
}

Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Marine conservation areas require high levels of compliance to meet conservation objectives, yet little research has assessed compliance quantitatively, especially for recreational fishers. Recreational fishers take 12% of global annual fish catches . With millions of people fishing from small boats, this fishing sector is hard to monitor, making accurate quantification of non-compliance an urgent research priority. Shore-based remote camera monitoring was tested for quantifying recreational non-compliance in near-shore, coastal rockfish conservation areas (RCAs) in the Salish Sea, Canada. Six high definition trail cameras were used to monitor 42 locations between July and August 2014. Seventy-nine percent of monitored conservation area sites showed confirmed or probable fishing activity, with no significant difference in fishing effort inside and outside RCAs. Mixed effects generalized linear models were used to test environmental and geographic factors influencing compliance. Sites with greater depth had significantly higher fishing effort, which may imply high, barotrauma-induced, rockfish mortality in RCA sites. Non-compliance estimates were similar to aerial fly-over compliance data from 2011, suggesting that trail camera monitoring may be an accurate and affordable alternative method of assessing non-compliance in coastal conservation areas, especially for community-based organizations wishing to monitor local waters. Widespread non-compliance could compromise the ability of RCAs to protect and rebuild rockfish populations. Increased education, signage, and enforcement is likely to improve compliance.

@article{
 title = {Exophthalmia in wild-caught cod (Gadus morhua L.): development of a secondary barotrauma effect in captivity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {barotrauma,decompression,exophthalmia,fish welfare,swim bladder puncture},
 pages = {41-49},
 volume = {40},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
 day = {1},
 id = {30174822-9a16-3d2f-a194-55707107e3d0},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.071Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:35:33.235Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Capture-based aquaculture (CBA) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) has become increasingly important in recent years, and increased attention is being paid to animal welfare issues linked to these activities. Earlier studies showed that some cod develop secondary exophthalmia in captivity. This study investigated the development of secondary exophthalmia in two groups of wild-caught cod, one of which was exposed to rapid decompression causing acute barotrauma (treatment group) while the other was not (control group). Photographs and radiographs before and up to 33 days after barotrauma revealed a significant increase in overall eye protrusion caused by an accumulation of gas in the orbita in the treatment group, first observed on day 9 after decompression, while no protrusions were observed in the control group. Barotrauma was thus identified as an important trigger for the development of secondary uni- or bilateral exophthalmia of wild-caught cod. Two underlying mechanisms are suggested, where the more likely is residual swim bladder gas taking the route of least resistance, while the less likely is the exsolution of gas from the blood. Our results have implications for a wide range of contexts in which cod are rapidly brought to the surface from great depth.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Humborstad, O. B. and Ferter, K. and Kryvi, H. and Fjelldal, P. G.},
 doi = {10.1111/jfd.12484},
 journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases},
 number = {1}
}

Capture-based aquaculture (CBA) of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) has become increasingly important in recent years, and increased attention is being paid to animal welfare issues linked to these activities. Earlier studies showed that some cod develop secondary exophthalmia in captivity. This study investigated the development of secondary exophthalmia in two groups of wild-caught cod, one of which was exposed to rapid decompression causing acute barotrauma (treatment group) while the other was not (control group). Photographs and radiographs before and up to 33 days after barotrauma revealed a significant increase in overall eye protrusion caused by an accumulation of gas in the orbita in the treatment group, first observed on day 9 after decompression, while no protrusions were observed in the control group. Barotrauma was thus identified as an important trigger for the development of secondary uni- or bilateral exophthalmia of wild-caught cod. Two underlying mechanisms are suggested, where the more likely is residual swim bladder gas taking the route of least resistance, while the less likely is the exsolution of gas from the blood. Our results have implications for a wide range of contexts in which cod are rapidly brought to the surface from great depth.

@article{
 title = {Minimizing bycatch and improving efficiency in the commercial bottom longline fishery in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Bottom longline,Capture times,Hook timers,Red grouper,Shark},
 pages = {117-125},
 volume = {196},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {5c8b74e6-ea32-3fec-a62a-70c828a33c2e},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.656Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.764Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We investigated the effects of hook soak time on targeted reef species and shark bycatch in the reef fish bottom longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. Beginning in 2010, capture time and catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the primary target species red grouper (Epinephelus morio) in the fishery were evaluated using hook timers. Findings indicated that typical duration of hook soak times is longer than necessary to efficiently harvest red grouper and a reduction in gear soak times to less than one hour would result in minimal or no reduction in red grouper CPUE. The mean capture time of sharks and red grouper differed significantly, suggesting that a reduction in soak time would likely reduce the bycatch of sharks in the fishery. The study also revealed barometric pressure, lunar phase, and fish size were significant covariates with red grouper capture times and that different bait types significantly affected CPUE. Implementing shorter hook soak times would likely improve fishery profitability and potentially reduce discards of unwanted species in the fishery.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Foster, Daniel G. and Pulver, Jeffrey R. and Scott-Denton, Elizabeth and Bergmann, Charles},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2017.08.007},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

We investigated the effects of hook soak time on targeted reef species and shark bycatch in the reef fish bottom longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. Beginning in 2010, capture time and catch per unit effort (CPUE) for the primary target species red grouper (Epinephelus morio) in the fishery were evaluated using hook timers. Findings indicated that typical duration of hook soak times is longer than necessary to efficiently harvest red grouper and a reduction in gear soak times to less than one hour would result in minimal or no reduction in red grouper CPUE. The mean capture time of sharks and red grouper differed significantly, suggesting that a reduction in soak time would likely reduce the bycatch of sharks in the fishery. The study also revealed barometric pressure, lunar phase, and fish size were significant covariates with red grouper capture times and that different bait types significantly affected CPUE. Implementing shorter hook soak times would likely improve fishery profitability and potentially reduce discards of unwanted species in the fishery.

@article{
 title = {Survival of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) following catch-and-release angling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Acoustic telemetry,Behavior,Pop-up satellite archival tags,Post-release mortality,Recreational fisheries,Tagging},
 pages = {634-641},
 volume = {186},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {70114901-fa41-3386-8c71-9d9186892c9f},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.676Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.778Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch-and-release (C&R) of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) has been heavily debated as a management strategy to reduce fishing mortality of this species while maintaining angling opportunities in Norwegian recreational fisheries. However, little information exists on what proportion of the fish survive post release. To test if C&R affects short- and long-term survival of Atlantic halibut, halibut (>120 cm; N = 11) were caught on angling gear using commonly used fishing lures, and tagged with both pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and acoustic transmitters. Survival was determined by the vertical migration patterns of individuals measured by the tags during individual monitoring periods ranging from 3 to 248 days (median 80 days) after the C&R event. No short-term mortality was observed post release. In terms of long-term survival, eight halibut were confirmed to have survived the monitoring periods while one halibut had insufficient data. For the other two individuals, the acoustic transmitters showed a cessation of vertical movement after 38 and 44 days, which could neither be verified nor disproven by the PSAT recordings (due to earlier detachment and tag malfunction of the PSATs). Since premature tag shedding was frequent in this study, it cannot be concluded if the cessation of vertical movement was because of tag shedding or delayed mortality. The results of this study indicate that Atlantic halibut is resilient to C&R angling, and that C&R of Atlantic halibut may be an effective management strategy to reduce fishing-induced mortality. However, the effects of severe hooking injuries, impacts on smaller individuals, and potential sublethal consequences of C&R were not covered in this study, and are still poorly understood. To minimize negative impacts of C&R and to promote fish welfare, fisheries managers are encouraged to implement best practice C&R angling guidelines for Atlantic halibut.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ferter, Keno and Rikardsen, Audun H. and Evensen, Tor H. and Svenning, Martin A. and Tracey, Sean R.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.022},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Catch-and-release (C&R) of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) has been heavily debated as a management strategy to reduce fishing mortality of this species while maintaining angling opportunities in Norwegian recreational fisheries. However, little information exists on what proportion of the fish survive post release. To test if C&R affects short- and long-term survival of Atlantic halibut, halibut (>120 cm; N = 11) were caught on angling gear using commonly used fishing lures, and tagged with both pop-up satellite archival tags (PSATs) and acoustic transmitters. Survival was determined by the vertical migration patterns of individuals measured by the tags during individual monitoring periods ranging from 3 to 248 days (median 80 days) after the C&R event. No short-term mortality was observed post release. In terms of long-term survival, eight halibut were confirmed to have survived the monitoring periods while one halibut had insufficient data. For the other two individuals, the acoustic transmitters showed a cessation of vertical movement after 38 and 44 days, which could neither be verified nor disproven by the PSAT recordings (due to earlier detachment and tag malfunction of the PSATs). Since premature tag shedding was frequent in this study, it cannot be concluded if the cessation of vertical movement was because of tag shedding or delayed mortality. The results of this study indicate that Atlantic halibut is resilient to C&R angling, and that C&R of Atlantic halibut may be an effective management strategy to reduce fishing-induced mortality. However, the effects of severe hooking injuries, impacts on smaller individuals, and potential sublethal consequences of C&R were not covered in this study, and are still poorly understood. To minimize negative impacts of C&R and to promote fish welfare, fisheries managers are encouraged to implement best practice C&R angling guidelines for Atlantic halibut.

@phdthesis{
 title = {The Use of Descending Devices in Fisheries Management to Reduce Discard Mortality: Regional Experiences and Considerations},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2017},
 id = {c92a471f-5baa-3ef4-84fb-36870ef10538},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.808Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.313Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Dick, K.}
}

@article{
 title = {Best practices for catch-and-release recreational fisheries – angling tools and tactics},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Angling,Conservation,Fishing,Management},
 pages = {693-705},
 volume = {186},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {f93c6c01-e46c-356b-b5a0-97e028b2017d},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.615Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.720Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch-and-release angling is an increasingly popular conservation strategy employed by anglers voluntarily or to comply with management regulations, but associated injuries, stress and behavioural impairment can cause post-release mortality or fitness impairments. Because the fate of released fish is primarily determined by angler behaviour, employing ‘best angling practices’ is critical for sustainable recreational fisheries. While basic tenants of best practices are well established, anglers employ a diversity of tactics for a range of fish species, thus it is important to balance science-based best practices with the realities of dynamic angler behaviour. Here we describe how certain tools and tactics can be integrated into recreational fishing practices to marry best angling practices with the realities of angling. While the effects of angling practices vary considerably across contexts and conditions, we also outline available methods for assessing fish condition by examining physical injuries and reflexes, which enable recreational anglers to make educated real-time decisions related to angling practices, as well as when, where, and whether to release captured fish based on their probability of survival. In cases where fish are in poor condition, there are recovery tactics available that can improve survival, although this is among the most understudied aspects of angling practices.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Brownscombe, Jacob W. and Danylchuk, Andy J. and Chapman, Jacqueline M. and Gutowsky, Lee F.G. and Cooke, Steven J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.04.018},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Catch-and-release angling is an increasingly popular conservation strategy employed by anglers voluntarily or to comply with management regulations, but associated injuries, stress and behavioural impairment can cause post-release mortality or fitness impairments. Because the fate of released fish is primarily determined by angler behaviour, employing ‘best angling practices’ is critical for sustainable recreational fisheries. While basic tenants of best practices are well established, anglers employ a diversity of tactics for a range of fish species, thus it is important to balance science-based best practices with the realities of dynamic angler behaviour. Here we describe how certain tools and tactics can be integrated into recreational fishing practices to marry best angling practices with the realities of angling. While the effects of angling practices vary considerably across contexts and conditions, we also outline available methods for assessing fish condition by examining physical injuries and reflexes, which enable recreational anglers to make educated real-time decisions related to angling practices, as well as when, where, and whether to release captured fish based on their probability of survival. In cases where fish are in poor condition, there are recovery tactics available that can improve survival, although this is among the most understudied aspects of angling practices.

@techreport{
 title = {Red Snapper Discard Mortality in Florida's Recreational Fisheries},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2017},
 institution = {SEDAR52-WP-09},
 id = {3e815e26-155e-37c6-bcf5-4928dd2b3ed8},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:13:57.912Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.616Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Sauls, B and Ayala, O and Germeroth, R and Solomon, J and Brody, R}
}

@article{
 title = {Venting and descending provide equivocal benefits for catch-and-release survival: Study design influences effectiveness more than barotrauma relief method},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {612-623},
 volume = {37},
 month = {5},
 publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},
 day = {4},
 id = {53fde852-8bdb-3548-8712-7dc737db327c},
 created = {2019-09-16T19:40:38.086Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T19:40:38.296Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Descending fish to depths of neutral buoyancy is a promising,
less-invasive alternative to swim bladder venting for relieving
barotrauma and reducing mortality in sport fish. However, we lack a
broad perspective on the relative benefits of these two approaches. We
reviewed the most up-to-date literature to evaluate the effectiveness of
venting compared to descending treatments. Mean relative risk (RR) based
on 76 published comparisons (51 marine, 25 freshwater; 18 genera, 28
species) showed that venting (2.0 +/- 4.7 [mean +/- SD]) and
descending (1.6 +/- 1.4) both had positive effects on survival (RR >=
1.1). However, RR was generally small and statistically
indistinguishable between treatments, providing no strong support for
the use of one method over the other. Modeling of factors affecting RR
showed that the study design variable ``assessment method'' was the
only important factor affecting RR, having a larger influence on
survival than habitat, capture depth, or treatment type (venting versus
descending). Biotelemetry and ex situ methods produced significantly
higher estimates of RR than other assessments. Our review suggests that
the two major approaches to barotrauma relief do not differentially
influence survival outcomes and that study design may be an important
source of bias. Consequently, we recommend that managers consider
barotrauma relief options carefully on a case-by-case basis, and we
encourage additional research on sublethal endpoints in addition to
mortality.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Eberts, Rebecca L. and Somers, Christopher M.},
 doi = {10.1080/02755947.2017.1307292},
 journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
 number = {3}
}

Descending fish to depths of neutral buoyancy is a promising, less-invasive alternative to swim bladder venting for relieving barotrauma and reducing mortality in sport fish. However, we lack a broad perspective on the relative benefits of these two approaches. We reviewed the most up-to-date literature to evaluate the effectiveness of venting compared to descending treatments. Mean relative risk (RR) based on 76 published comparisons (51 marine, 25 freshwater; 18 genera, 28 species) showed that venting (2.0 +/- 4.7 [mean +/- SD]) and descending (1.6 +/- 1.4) both had positive effects on survival (RR >= 1.1). However, RR was generally small and statistically indistinguishable between treatments, providing no strong support for the use of one method over the other. Modeling of factors affecting RR showed that the study design variable ``assessment method'' was the only important factor affecting RR, having a larger influence on survival than habitat, capture depth, or treatment type (venting versus descending). Biotelemetry and ex situ methods produced significantly higher estimates of RR than other assessments. Our review suggests that the two major approaches to barotrauma relief do not differentially influence survival outcomes and that study design may be an important source of bias. Consequently, we recommend that managers consider barotrauma relief options carefully on a case-by-case basis, and we encourage additional research on sublethal endpoints in addition to mortality.

@article{
 title = {Synergistic and interactive effects of angler behaviour, gear type, and fish behaviour on hooking depth in passively angled fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Catch and release,Fish,Fisheries,Impairment,Injury,Underwater camera,Underwater videography},
 pages = {612-618},
 volume = {186},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
 day = {1},
 id = {a43ed8c6-4ef5-3514-b2e6-e4f05358c7ec},
 created = {2019-09-17T13:58:05.766Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-17T13:58:05.881Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Despite a growing body of literature on the impacts of recreational fisheries on wild populations, surprisingly little is known regarding how individual differences in fish behaviour and their interaction with a baited hook influences hooking injury. We used an underwater video camera, fixed to the fishing line, to record the behaviour of wild sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) as they approached and attacked one of four treatments of baited hook used under a passive angling scenario. Angler reaction time was measured as the difference between the fish strike and hook set. Length-corrected hooking depth was evaluated as a function of multiple putative explanatory variables. Angler performance (hooksets/min) varied over the two day study, where hooksets/min decreased with small hooks and increased with large hooks. Model selection and model averaging revealed the top models included the terms: angler reaction time, approach to bait (cautious, deliberate, aggressive), hook size (small or large), and the interaction between approach to bait and hook size. The model-averaged fitted values indicated that length-corrected hooking depth increased most dramatically with angler reaction time when fish aggressively attacked a baited hook. A cautious approach to a large baited hook led to a deeper length-corrected hooking depth than a similar approach to a small baited hook. These results illustrate synergistic and interactive relationships among factors known to influence impairment, injury, and mortality in caught and released fish. Of particular novelty was our ability to assess the variation in how fish behaviour influences injury in a catch-and-release fishery using underwater cameras, which suggests that this approach holds promise in fisheries science.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gutowsky, L. F.G. and Sullivan, B. G. and Wilson, A. D.M. and Cooke, S. J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2016.05.026},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Despite a growing body of literature on the impacts of recreational fisheries on wild populations, surprisingly little is known regarding how individual differences in fish behaviour and their interaction with a baited hook influences hooking injury. We used an underwater video camera, fixed to the fishing line, to record the behaviour of wild sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) as they approached and attacked one of four treatments of baited hook used under a passive angling scenario. Angler reaction time was measured as the difference between the fish strike and hook set. Length-corrected hooking depth was evaluated as a function of multiple putative explanatory variables. Angler performance (hooksets/min) varied over the two day study, where hooksets/min decreased with small hooks and increased with large hooks. Model selection and model averaging revealed the top models included the terms: angler reaction time, approach to bait (cautious, deliberate, aggressive), hook size (small or large), and the interaction between approach to bait and hook size. The model-averaged fitted values indicated that length-corrected hooking depth increased most dramatically with angler reaction time when fish aggressively attacked a baited hook. A cautious approach to a large baited hook led to a deeper length-corrected hooking depth than a similar approach to a small baited hook. These results illustrate synergistic and interactive relationships among factors known to influence impairment, injury, and mortality in caught and released fish. Of particular novelty was our ability to assess the variation in how fish behaviour influences injury in a catch-and-release fishery using underwater cameras, which suggests that this approach holds promise in fisheries science.

@article{
 title = {Behavioral Release Condition Score of Bull and Bonnethead Sharks as a Coarse Indicator of Stress},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {1464},
 volume = {32},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Coastal Education and Research Foundation},
 day = {8},
 id = {7ede9de5-6f79-318b-a88f-cd84f0f3c18d},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.965Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.431Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Capture and handling stress can induce acidosis and sometimes mortality in sharks. To approximate physiological condition after capture, fisheries researchers may use a behavioral health assessment at release. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of the behavioral release condition score (BRCS) in estimating the physiological stress response. The score was tested against changes in acid-base, blood gas, and metabolite analytes (pH, partial pressure of CO2, and lactate) and factors known to influence those analytes (species, capture and handling time, and water temperature) among wild-caught bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) sharks. After gill net capture, sharks were processed for tagging, morphometrics, and blood sampling. Blood was sampled immediately before release. At release, a BRCS was assigned as good, fair, poor, or moribund. BRCS was modeled as a response to changes in blood analytes and putative stressors using ordinal logistic regression (OLR). Effects of significant main factors were further explored graphically and in chi-square tests or (multivariate) analyses of variance (MANOVAs/ANOVAs). Linear discriminant analyses with cross-validation were used to assess the ability of those factors to discriminate among BRCS on a case-by-case basis. The OLR models suggest that BRCS responds in species-specific ways to all three blood analytes and putative stressors. However, the broad overlaps in ranges of these parameters among BRCS lend prediction of BRCS by either of these two sets of predictors to be challenging to utilize. Given the coarse relationship of BRCS to acid–base status in these species, further investigation of this and other behavioral assessment methods is recommended.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hyatt, Michael W.},
 doi = {10.2112/jcoastres-d-15-00108.1},
 journal = {Journal of Coastal Research},
 number = {6}
}

Capture and handling stress can induce acidosis and sometimes mortality in sharks. To approximate physiological condition after capture, fisheries researchers may use a behavioral health assessment at release. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of the behavioral release condition score (BRCS) in estimating the physiological stress response. The score was tested against changes in acid-base, blood gas, and metabolite analytes (pH, partial pressure of CO2, and lactate) and factors known to influence those analytes (species, capture and handling time, and water temperature) among wild-caught bull (Carcharhinus leucas) and bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) sharks. After gill net capture, sharks were processed for tagging, morphometrics, and blood sampling. Blood was sampled immediately before release. At release, a BRCS was assigned as good, fair, poor, or moribund. BRCS was modeled as a response to changes in blood analytes and putative stressors using ordinal logistic regression (OLR). Effects of significant main factors were further explored graphically and in chi-square tests or (multivariate) analyses of variance (MANOVAs/ANOVAs). Linear discriminant analyses with cross-validation were used to assess the ability of those factors to discriminate among BRCS on a case-by-case basis. The OLR models suggest that BRCS responds in species-specific ways to all three blood analytes and putative stressors. However, the broad overlaps in ranges of these parameters among BRCS lend prediction of BRCS by either of these two sets of predictors to be challenging to utilize. Given the coarse relationship of BRCS to acid–base status in these species, further investigation of this and other behavioral assessment methods is recommended.

@article{
 title = {Awareness, Knowledge and Perceptions of Barotrauma and Barotrauma Mitigation: A Survey of Florida Anglers},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {barotrauma,catch and release,fishing},
 websites = {www.flseagrant.org.},
 id = {b646086f-22a1-3710-a9d4-31e21e38b097},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.020Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.125Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hazell, J and Krimsky, L and Fluech, B and Staugler, B and Adams, C and Stevely, J and Botta, R},
 journal = {Florida Sea Grant College Program, Gainesville, FL}
}

@techreport{
 title = {Action Plan for Fish Release Mortality Science},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {34},
 websites = {https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/ecosystems/bycatch/discard-and-release-mortality/documents/Final%20Action%20Plan.pdf},
 id = {09258aad-a757-361e-842e-907bb1dd09fe},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.913Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:12:02.656Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Benaka, L and Sharpe, L and Abrams, K and Campbell, M and Cope, J and Darby, F and Dick, E J and Hyde, J and Linton, B and Lunsford, C and Rioux, D and Swimmer, Y}
}

@techreport{
 title = {Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (BREP) Final Report for project titled: Testing an alternative method for the safe release of reef fishes caught on hook-and-line gear in the recreational fishery in the Gulf of Mexico},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2016},
 pages = {35},
 id = {c79973e3-b7e3-3a6f-ad3e-c8e5203fe65e},
 created = {2019-09-11T17:43:03.274Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2020-08-26T18:08:01.808Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Sauls, Beverly and Cross, Tiffanie and Ayala, Oscar}
}

@misc{
 title = {How Anglers Are Learning To Save Fish That Get 'The Bends'},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2015},
 source = {NPR: Food for Thought},
 websites = {https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/01/06/374187614/how-anglers...},
 id = {f75900db-b168-31a6-bd62-b1d1d92e5deb},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.070Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:11.941Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Hamilton, Jon}
}

@article{
 title = {Handle the pressure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {30-35},
 volume = {30},
 id = {71f22a6d-bf84-3704-8ad8-e8849b1571e4},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.203Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.282Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hudson, S.},
 journal = {Gear Guide}
}

@article{
 title = {A cage release method to improve fish tagging studies},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Acoustic telemetry,Barotrauma,Predator protection,Release mortality},
 pages = {125-129},
 volume = {172},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {1},
 id = {60bd006e-4d07-3ef4-8a84-a9d295234119},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.880Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.992Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The return and survival of tagged fish to their depth of capture has proved difficult due to barotrauma and predation in previous telemetry studies. Tagging stress can slow and disorient the fish upon release, and reduce the ability to return to depth, relocate their home habitat site, and evade predators. To reduce these initial tag and release artifacts we designed and tested a remotely opening cage for use with reef fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our objectives were to quickly return transmitter tagged fish to depth (20-30 m) in close proximity (<10 m) to their capture site, and to increase survival by providing predator protection during an initial recovery period. This cage release method proved successful for both red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; n= 62 out of 71, 87%) and all gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus; n= 24) that were tagged and released on artificial reefs. All tagged fish were released from November 2012 to September 2014, no initial tag induced mortalities were observed, and after tagging fish were successfully tracked for extended periods (for the entire 2 year study period).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Williams, Laura Jay and Herbig, Jennifer L. and Szedlmayer, Stephen T.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2015.06.030},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

The return and survival of tagged fish to their depth of capture has proved difficult due to barotrauma and predation in previous telemetry studies. Tagging stress can slow and disorient the fish upon release, and reduce the ability to return to depth, relocate their home habitat site, and evade predators. To reduce these initial tag and release artifacts we designed and tested a remotely opening cage for use with reef fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Our objectives were to quickly return transmitter tagged fish to depth (20-30 m) in close proximity (<10 m) to their capture site, and to increase survival by providing predator protection during an initial recovery period. This cage release method proved successful for both red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; n= 62 out of 71, 87%) and all gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus; n= 24) that were tagged and released on artificial reefs. All tagged fish were released from November 2012 to September 2014, no initial tag induced mortalities were observed, and after tagging fish were successfully tracked for extended periods (for the entire 2 year study period).

@article{
 title = { The effects of venting and decompression on Yellow Tang ( Zebrasoma flavescens ) in the marine ornamental aquarium fish trade },
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {e756},
 volume = {3},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {PeerJ},
 day = {17},
 id = {9012fac9-5c18-3c76-9c88-ef4f6403d055},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.935Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:32.028Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 Munday et al. Each year, over 45 countries export 30 million fish from coral reefs as part of the global marine ornamental aquarium trade. This catch volume is partly influenced by collection methods that cause mortality. Barotrauma in fish resulting fromforced ascent from depth can contribute to post-collection mortality. However, implementing decompression stops during ascent can prevent barotrauma. Conversely, venting (puncturing the swim bladder to release expanded internal gas) following ascent can mitigate some signs of barotrauma like positive buoyancy. Here, we evaluate how decompression and venting affect stress and mortality in the Yellow Tang (Zebrasoma flavescens). We examined the effects of three ascent treatments, each with decompression stops of varying frequency and duration, coupled with or without venting, on sublethal effects and mortality using histology and serum cortisol measurements. In fish subjected to ascent without decompression stops or venting, a mean post-collection mortality of 6.2% occurred within 24 h of capture. Common collection methods in the fishery, ascent without decompression stops coupled with venting, or one long decompression stop coupled with venting, resulted in no mortality. Histopathologic examination of heart, liver, head kidney, and swim bladder tissues in fish 0d and 21d post-collection revealed no significant barotraumaor venting-related lesions in any treatment group. Ascent without decompression stops resulted in significantly higher serum cortisol than ascent with many stops, while venting alone did not affect cortisol. Future work should examine links in the supply chain following collection to determine if further handling and transport stressors affect survivorship and sublethal effects.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Munday, Emily S. and Tissot, Brian N. and Heidel, Jerry R. and Miller-Morgan, Tim},
 doi = {10.7717/peerj.756},
 journal = {PeerJ}
}

© 2015 Munday et al. Each year, over 45 countries export 30 million fish from coral reefs as part of the global marine ornamental aquarium trade. This catch volume is partly influenced by collection methods that cause mortality. Barotrauma in fish resulting fromforced ascent from depth can contribute to post-collection mortality. However, implementing decompression stops during ascent can prevent barotrauma. Conversely, venting (puncturing the swim bladder to release expanded internal gas) following ascent can mitigate some signs of barotrauma like positive buoyancy. Here, we evaluate how decompression and venting affect stress and mortality in the Yellow Tang (Zebrasoma flavescens). We examined the effects of three ascent treatments, each with decompression stops of varying frequency and duration, coupled with or without venting, on sublethal effects and mortality using histology and serum cortisol measurements. In fish subjected to ascent without decompression stops or venting, a mean post-collection mortality of 6.2% occurred within 24 h of capture. Common collection methods in the fishery, ascent without decompression stops coupled with venting, or one long decompression stop coupled with venting, resulted in no mortality. Histopathologic examination of heart, liver, head kidney, and swim bladder tissues in fish 0d and 21d post-collection revealed no significant barotraumaor venting-related lesions in any treatment group. Ascent without decompression stops resulted in significantly higher serum cortisol than ascent with many stops, while venting alone did not affect cortisol. Future work should examine links in the supply chain following collection to determine if further handling and transport stressors affect survivorship and sublethal effects.

@article{
 title = {Effects of Gill-Net Trauma, Barotrauma, and Deep Release on Postrelease Mortality of Lake Trout},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {265-277},
 volume = {6},
 month = {5},
 publisher = {U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service},
 day = {8},
 id = {e722f098-c546-3c84-aff6-06324ac3e5ca},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.471Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.539Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© Citation of the source, as given above, is requested. Unaccounted postrelease mortality violates assumptions of many fisheries studies, thereby biasing parameter estimates and reducing efficiency. We evaluated effects of gill-net trauma, barotrauma, and deep-release treatment on postrelease mortality of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Lake trout were captured at depths up to 65 m with gill nets in Priest Lake, Idaho, and held in a large enclosure for 10-12 d. Postrelease mortality was the same for surface-release-and deep-releasetreated fish (41%). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate effects of intrinsic and environmental factors on the probability of mortality. Presence of gill-net trauma and degree of barotrauma were associated with increased probability of postrelease mortality. Smaller fish were also more likely to suffer postrelease mortality. On average, deep-release treatment did not reduce postrelease mortality, but effectiveness of treatment increased with fish length. Of the environmental factors evaluated, only elapsed time between lifting the first and last anchors of a gill-net gang (i.e., lift time) was significantly related to postrelease mortality. Longer lift times, which may allow ascending lake trout to acclimate to depressurization, were associated with lower postrelease mortality rates. Our study suggests that postrelease mortality may be higher than previously assumed for lake trout because mortality continues after 48 h. In future studies, postrelease mortality could be reduced by increasing gill-net lift times and increasing mesh size used to increase length of fish captured.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ng, Elizabeth L. and Fredericks, Jim P. and Quist, Michael C.},
 doi = {10.3996/122014-jfwm-096},
 journal = {Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management},
 number = {2}
}

© Citation of the source, as given above, is requested. Unaccounted postrelease mortality violates assumptions of many fisheries studies, thereby biasing parameter estimates and reducing efficiency. We evaluated effects of gill-net trauma, barotrauma, and deep-release treatment on postrelease mortality of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Lake trout were captured at depths up to 65 m with gill nets in Priest Lake, Idaho, and held in a large enclosure for 10-12 d. Postrelease mortality was the same for surface-release-and deep-releasetreated fish (41%). Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate effects of intrinsic and environmental factors on the probability of mortality. Presence of gill-net trauma and degree of barotrauma were associated with increased probability of postrelease mortality. Smaller fish were also more likely to suffer postrelease mortality. On average, deep-release treatment did not reduce postrelease mortality, but effectiveness of treatment increased with fish length. Of the environmental factors evaluated, only elapsed time between lifting the first and last anchors of a gill-net gang (i.e., lift time) was significantly related to postrelease mortality. Longer lift times, which may allow ascending lake trout to acclimate to depressurization, were associated with lower postrelease mortality rates. Our study suggests that postrelease mortality may be higher than previously assumed for lake trout because mortality continues after 48 h. In future studies, postrelease mortality could be reduced by increasing gill-net lift times and increasing mesh size used to increase length of fish captured.

@article{
 title = {Angling-induced barotrauma in snapper Chrysophrys auratus: Are there consequences for reproduction?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 volume = {10},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 day = {17},
 id = {8a72ebb6-297f-34e5-8742-2e46d407afa6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.573Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.671Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 Peregrin et al.In response to concerns regarding the potential for sub-lethal impacts of barotrauma on reproductively active Chrysophrys auratus during catch and release, 90 males and 90 females representing five reproductive stages (immature or resting-28%, developing-8%, developed-7%, ripe or spawning-23% and spent-34%) were angled from 8-70 m and macroscopically assessed (on-board and then in a laboratory). Irrespective of sex, all fish exhibited various clinical signs of barotrauma, including a prolapsed cloaca (60%of fish); gastric herniation (46%); ruptured swim bladder (73%); organ displacement (48%); and kidney (3%), liver (73%) and coloemic-cavity haemorrhaging (33%);with the frequency of nearly all positively associated with capture depth. Reproductive stage was also an important barotrauma predictor (reflecting related morphological changes) with a general trend towards spent fish least likely to incur the various clinical signs - especially for a prolapsed cloaca (also common among immature or resting fish and significantly affected by food in the digestive tract) and a ruptured swim bladder (common among ripe or spawning fish). The only macroscopically visible gonad damage was haemorrhaging, which was least common among immature or resting and spent fish and, irrespective of reproductive stage, temporally reduced in frequency, and more quickly among males than females. While further research is required to accurately describe the effects of angling at each stage of the reproductive cycle and the physiological consequences of barotrauma on the gonads of C. auratus, given the observed influences of reproductive stage and depth on barotrauma found in this study, any adverse effects might be partially managed by regulating either temporal or spatial fishing effort.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Peregrin, Laura S. and Butcher, Paul A. and Broadhurst, Matt K. and Millar, Russell B.},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0119158},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {3}
}

© 2015 Peregrin et al.In response to concerns regarding the potential for sub-lethal impacts of barotrauma on reproductively active Chrysophrys auratus during catch and release, 90 males and 90 females representing five reproductive stages (immature or resting-28%, developing-8%, developed-7%, ripe or spawning-23% and spent-34%) were angled from 8-70 m and macroscopically assessed (on-board and then in a laboratory). Irrespective of sex, all fish exhibited various clinical signs of barotrauma, including a prolapsed cloaca (60%of fish); gastric herniation (46%); ruptured swim bladder (73%); organ displacement (48%); and kidney (3%), liver (73%) and coloemic-cavity haemorrhaging (33%);with the frequency of nearly all positively associated with capture depth. Reproductive stage was also an important barotrauma predictor (reflecting related morphological changes) with a general trend towards spent fish least likely to incur the various clinical signs - especially for a prolapsed cloaca (also common among immature or resting fish and significantly affected by food in the digestive tract) and a ruptured swim bladder (common among ripe or spawning fish). The only macroscopically visible gonad damage was haemorrhaging, which was least common among immature or resting and spent fish and, irrespective of reproductive stage, temporally reduced in frequency, and more quickly among males than females. While further research is required to accurately describe the effects of angling at each stage of the reproductive cycle and the physiological consequences of barotrauma on the gonads of C. auratus, given the observed influences of reproductive stage and depth on barotrauma found in this study, any adverse effects might be partially managed by regulating either temporal or spatial fishing effort.

@article{
 title = {Increasing Survival Rates of Discarded Red Snapper: Best Release Strategies},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {3-4},
 volume = {40},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
 day = {29},
 id = {b238f5ea-6e94-316a-9ec9-aca3c32e60c3},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.243Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.330Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Harrison, Sarah},
 doi = {10.1080/03632415.2015.992087},
 journal = {Fisheries},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Considerations for the design and interpretation of fishing release mortality estimates},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Angling,Catch-and-release,Fishing,Lepomis macrochirus,Mortality estimates,Post-release survival},
 pages = {64-70},
 volume = {167},
 month = {7},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {1},
 id = {a8d020ec-aab7-3040-9673-af5bd4ed3afa},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.511Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.622Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {To generate mortality estimates for fish that are captured and released in recreational and commercial fisheries, it is common to temporarily hold fish in captivity. Typically, captured fish are placed in some form of pen, cage or tank with control individuals, yet little is known about how the type of holding environment influences fish condition or mortality. Here we captured freshwater fish (bluegill; Lepomis macrochirus) via angling and fyke net and retained them in one of four holding environments; a round flow-through tank on shore [TANK], a knotless nylon pen with natural substrate in the lake [PEN], a knotless nylon floating cage with a rigid structure [RCAGE], and a knotless nylon floating cage that lacked rigid structure [CAGE]. Mortality was low (1%) across both capture techniques and holding environments during the 14-day retention period. All mortalities were associated with capture by fyke net. A chronic stress indicator, blood glucose, was determined for a subset of fish on day 5. Although there were significant differences in blood glucose between angled RCAGE and angled PEN (Tukey, P=0.047) and angled RCAGE and fyke PEN (Tukey, P=0.015), the observed levels were generally quite low (range: 1.0-3.9mmolL -1 ) and the differences were likely associated with differences in feeding; fish in the PEN group with access to substrate (and presumably the most food) had slightly higher glucose levels. At the conclusion of the study Fulton's condition factor was similar among all groups (ANOVA, P>0.05, all terms). However, fish held in the TANK treatment had the highest levels of external protozoan parasite infection by Ichthyopthirius (Tukey, P<0.05). This study illustrates that in situ holding environments (rather than tanks) may help reduce mortality, stress, and disease during studies that estimate post-release mortality. We encourage additional research to explore how the holding environment can influence inferences made about post-release mortality and sublethal impacts of fishing.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gutowsky, Lee F.G. and Aslam, Waleed and Banisaeed, Reza and Bell, Lauren R. and Bove, Kenzie L. and Brownscombe, Jacob W. and Burrows, Graham J.J. and Chu, Elaine and Magel, Jennifer M.T. and Rous, Andrew M. and Cooke, Steven J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2015.02.002},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

To generate mortality estimates for fish that are captured and released in recreational and commercial fisheries, it is common to temporarily hold fish in captivity. Typically, captured fish are placed in some form of pen, cage or tank with control individuals, yet little is known about how the type of holding environment influences fish condition or mortality. Here we captured freshwater fish (bluegill; Lepomis macrochirus) via angling and fyke net and retained them in one of four holding environments; a round flow-through tank on shore [TANK], a knotless nylon pen with natural substrate in the lake [PEN], a knotless nylon floating cage with a rigid structure [RCAGE], and a knotless nylon floating cage that lacked rigid structure [CAGE]. Mortality was low (1%) across both capture techniques and holding environments during the 14-day retention period. All mortalities were associated with capture by fyke net. A chronic stress indicator, blood glucose, was determined for a subset of fish on day 5. Although there were significant differences in blood glucose between angled RCAGE and angled PEN (Tukey, P=0.047) and angled RCAGE and fyke PEN (Tukey, P=0.015), the observed levels were generally quite low (range: 1.0-3.9mmolL -1 ) and the differences were likely associated with differences in feeding; fish in the PEN group with access to substrate (and presumably the most food) had slightly higher glucose levels. At the conclusion of the study Fulton's condition factor was similar among all groups (ANOVA, P>0.05, all terms). However, fish held in the TANK treatment had the highest levels of external protozoan parasite infection by Ichthyopthirius (Tukey, P<0.05). This study illustrates that in situ holding environments (rather than tanks) may help reduce mortality, stress, and disease during studies that estimate post-release mortality. We encourage additional research to explore how the holding environment can influence inferences made about post-release mortality and sublethal impacts of fishing.

@article{
 title = {Direct observation of fishing effort, catch, and discard rates of charter boats targeting reef fishes in the northern gulf of Mexico},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {157-166},
 volume = {113},
 publisher = {National Marine Fisheries Service},
 id = {b06a8b34-a45b-3cfe-babe-7e00d0e206be},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.631Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.737Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The debate, on which finance affect company performance, has been a controversial issue in accounting and finance. This study was undertaken to highlight the issues facing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iraq in their quest to accessing finance to undertake various activities; be it general business operations or carrying out expansion project all in the name of fulfilling the objectives as being job creators and helping to reduce poverty. There are financial institutions that are willing to provide funds to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) but Iraq small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not able to meet the requirements of these financial institutions. Chief among these requirements is the issue of collateral, which most small and medium enterprises (SMEs) cannot provide. This study contributes to the literature on finance of companies and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by testing the relationship between the finance and the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and by providing new insights about the need for promoting a truly cognitive entrepreneur.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Garner, Steven B. and Patterson, William F.},
 doi = {10.7755/FB.113.2.4},
 journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
 number = {2}
}

The debate, on which finance affect company performance, has been a controversial issue in accounting and finance. This study was undertaken to highlight the issues facing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iraq in their quest to accessing finance to undertake various activities; be it general business operations or carrying out expansion project all in the name of fulfilling the objectives as being job creators and helping to reduce poverty. There are financial institutions that are willing to provide funds to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) but Iraq small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not able to meet the requirements of these financial institutions. Chief among these requirements is the issue of collateral, which most small and medium enterprises (SMEs) cannot provide. This study contributes to the literature on finance of companies and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by testing the relationship between the finance and the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and by providing new insights about the need for promoting a truly cognitive entrepreneur.

@article{
 title = {Dive to survive: Effects of capture depth on barotraumas and post-release survival of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in recreational fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {barotrauma signs,catch-And-release,containment study,gas embolism,post-release mortality,recreational fishing,swim bladder rupture.},
 pages = {2467-2481},
 volume = {72},
 publisher = {Oxford University Press},
 id = {ebf479a2-16ee-3a5e-8e83-89f6006c007a},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.795Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.913Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2015 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea All rights reserved. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught in recreational fisheries are commonly released, often with barotrauma after rapid decompression. Mouthhooked, non-bleeding cod kept in a floating net pen showed mortalities 40% when angled from.50 mdepth, likely because of cumulative stress from ongoing barotrauma and exposure towarm surfacewater. In a natural setting, however, cod have the opportunity to descend after release and are not restricted to the surface. In a follow-up study, 97.8% of similarly selected cod managed to dive following immediate release, whereas 2.2% were floaters. No mortality was observed for divers kept in cages, whichwere lowered to capture depth for 72 h. While the floaters would likely have died in a natural setting, no mortality was observed when they were recompressed and kept at capture depth for 72 h. The occurrence of swim bladder ruptures, swollen coelomic cavities, venous gas embolisms, and gas release around the anus was significantly influenced by capture depth (range 0-90 m). A supplementary radiology study showed inflated swim bladders in 87% of the cod after 72 h, and most barotrauma signs had disappeared after 1 month. This study encourages investigation of survival potential for physoclistous species when high mortalities are assumed but undocumented. Matching natural post-release and containment environment is essential in the experimental setup, as failure to do so may bias survival estimates, particularly when a thermocline is present. Assuming minimal predation, short-term mortality of cod experiencing barotrauma is negligible if cod submerge quickly by themselves and are otherwise not substantially injured. Survival of floaters may be increased by forced recompression to capture depth. Sublethal and long-term impacts of barotrauma remain to be studied. To ensure that cod have sufficient energy to submerge, anglers are encouraged to avoid fighting the fish to exhaustion and to minimize handling before release.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ferter, Keno and Weltersbach, Marc Simon and Humborstad, Odd Borre and Fjelldal, Per Gunnar and Sambraus, Florian and Strehlow, Harry Vincent and Volstad, Jon Helge},
 doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsv102},
 journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
 number = {8}
}

© 2015 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea All rights reserved. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) caught in recreational fisheries are commonly released, often with barotrauma after rapid decompression. Mouthhooked, non-bleeding cod kept in a floating net pen showed mortalities 40% when angled from.50 mdepth, likely because of cumulative stress from ongoing barotrauma and exposure towarm surfacewater. In a natural setting, however, cod have the opportunity to descend after release and are not restricted to the surface. In a follow-up study, 97.8% of similarly selected cod managed to dive following immediate release, whereas 2.2% were floaters. No mortality was observed for divers kept in cages, whichwere lowered to capture depth for 72 h. While the floaters would likely have died in a natural setting, no mortality was observed when they were recompressed and kept at capture depth for 72 h. The occurrence of swim bladder ruptures, swollen coelomic cavities, venous gas embolisms, and gas release around the anus was significantly influenced by capture depth (range 0-90 m). A supplementary radiology study showed inflated swim bladders in 87% of the cod after 72 h, and most barotrauma signs had disappeared after 1 month. This study encourages investigation of survival potential for physoclistous species when high mortalities are assumed but undocumented. Matching natural post-release and containment environment is essential in the experimental setup, as failure to do so may bias survival estimates, particularly when a thermocline is present. Assuming minimal predation, short-term mortality of cod experiencing barotrauma is negligible if cod submerge quickly by themselves and are otherwise not substantially injured. Survival of floaters may be increased by forced recompression to capture depth. Sublethal and long-term impacts of barotrauma remain to be studied. To ensure that cod have sufficient energy to submerge, anglers are encouraged to avoid fighting the fish to exhaustion and to minimize handling before release.

@article{
 title = {Quantifying delayed mortality from barotrauma impairment in discarded red snapper using acoustic telemetry},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {434-449},
 volume = {7},
 publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},
 id = {99b46fa4-31eb-311a-8336-a3d93ee8aab5},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.312Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.434Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus is the most economically important reef fish in the Gulf of Mexico, and despite being intensively managed, the stock remains overfished. These fish are susceptible to pressure-related injuries (i.e., barotrauma) during fishing that compromise survival after catch and release. Barotrauma-afflicted fish may not only experience immediate mortality but also delayed mortality after returning to depth. This variability and unknown fate leads to uncertainty in stock assessment models and rebuilding plans. To generate better estimates of immediate and delayed mortality and postrelease behavior, Red Snapper were tagged with ultrasonic acoustic transmitters fitted with acceleration and depth sensors. Unique behavior profiles were generated for each fish using these sensor data that allowed the classification of survival and delayed mortality events. Using this information, we compared the survival of Red Snapper released using venting, nonventing, and descending treatments over three seasons and two depths. Red Snapper survival was highest at cooler temperatures and shallower depths. Fish released using venting and descender tools had similar survival, and both these groups of fish had higher survival than nonvented surface-released fish. Overall, Red Snapper had 72% survival, 15% immediate mortality, and 13% delayed mortality, and all fish suffering from delayed mortality perished within a 72-h period after release. Results from these field studies enhance the understanding of the delayed mortality and postrelease fate of Red Snapper regulatory discards. Moreover, these data support the practice of using venting or descender devices to increase the survival of discarded Red Snapper in the recreational fishery and show that acoustic telemetry can be a valuable tool in estimating delayed mortality.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Curtis, Judson M. and Johnson, Matthew W. and Diamond, Sandra L. and Stunz, Gregory W.},
 doi = {10.1080/19425120.2015.1074968},
 journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries}
}

Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus is the most economically important reef fish in the Gulf of Mexico, and despite being intensively managed, the stock remains overfished. These fish are susceptible to pressure-related injuries (i.e., barotrauma) during fishing that compromise survival after catch and release. Barotrauma-afflicted fish may not only experience immediate mortality but also delayed mortality after returning to depth. This variability and unknown fate leads to uncertainty in stock assessment models and rebuilding plans. To generate better estimates of immediate and delayed mortality and postrelease behavior, Red Snapper were tagged with ultrasonic acoustic transmitters fitted with acceleration and depth sensors. Unique behavior profiles were generated for each fish using these sensor data that allowed the classification of survival and delayed mortality events. Using this information, we compared the survival of Red Snapper released using venting, nonventing, and descending treatments over three seasons and two depths. Red Snapper survival was highest at cooler temperatures and shallower depths. Fish released using venting and descender tools had similar survival, and both these groups of fish had higher survival than nonvented surface-released fish. Overall, Red Snapper had 72% survival, 15% immediate mortality, and 13% delayed mortality, and all fish suffering from delayed mortality perished within a 72-h period after release. Results from these field studies enhance the understanding of the delayed mortality and postrelease fate of Red Snapper regulatory discards. Moreover, these data support the practice of using venting or descender devices to increase the survival of discarded Red Snapper in the recreational fishery and show that acoustic telemetry can be a valuable tool in estimating delayed mortality.

@article{
 title = {Improved Ability to Characterize Recruitment of Gray Snapper in Three Florida Estuaries along the Gulf of Mexico through Targeted Sampling of Polyhaline Seagrass Beds},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 pages = {911-926},
 volume = {144},
 month = {9},
 publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},
 day = {3},
 id = {69c4e2eb-4b5e-3a6d-bc1b-27a775df0c38},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:13:59.821Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T18:14:01.461Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract: Estuarine-dependent Gray Snapper Lutjanus griseus support extensive recreational fisheries in estuarine and coastal waters throughout the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Multiyear fisheries-independent monitoring data collected in three Florida estuaries can be used to estimate the strength of juvenile Gray Snapper recruitment, which has been critical to assessments of other fish populations. Earlier evaluation of these data indicated that Gray Snapper inhabit polyhaline seagrass beds, which are underrepresented in ongoing monitoring efforts. During this study, in addition to the routine monitoring of shorelines and channel habitats, sampling of shoal and deepwater polyhaline seagrass habitats was implemented using 183-m haul seines and 6.1-m otter trawls. The incorporation of polyhaline seagrass surveys from 2008 through 2011 allowed a more thorough sampling of the Gray Snapper population, resulting in improved catch rates, increased frequency of occurrence, and a substantial reduction of the coefficient of variation for CPUE in most years and estuarine systems. Habitat-based sampling of polyhaline seagrass habitats also provided additional data for annual abundance indices and therefore improved the ability to characterize the strength of recruitment for Gray Snapper over time. These results demonstrated that periodically reevaluating habitat-based stratification approaches to estimate fish abundance indices from long-term surveys can lead to more precise estimates and greater numbers of measured individuals, which are key components of successful monitoring programs. Received October 24, 2014; accepted May 14, 2015},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Flaherty-Walia, Kerry E. and Switzer, Theodore S. and Winner, Brent L. and J. Tyler-Jedlund, Amanda and Keenan, Sean F.},
 doi = {10.1080/00028487.2015.1054516},
 journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
 number = {5}
}

Abstract: Estuarine-dependent Gray Snapper Lutjanus griseus support extensive recreational fisheries in estuarine and coastal waters throughout the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Multiyear fisheries-independent monitoring data collected in three Florida estuaries can be used to estimate the strength of juvenile Gray Snapper recruitment, which has been critical to assessments of other fish populations. Earlier evaluation of these data indicated that Gray Snapper inhabit polyhaline seagrass beds, which are underrepresented in ongoing monitoring efforts. During this study, in addition to the routine monitoring of shorelines and channel habitats, sampling of shoal and deepwater polyhaline seagrass habitats was implemented using 183-m haul seines and 6.1-m otter trawls. The incorporation of polyhaline seagrass surveys from 2008 through 2011 allowed a more thorough sampling of the Gray Snapper population, resulting in improved catch rates, increased frequency of occurrence, and a substantial reduction of the coefficient of variation for CPUE in most years and estuarine systems. Habitat-based sampling of polyhaline seagrass habitats also provided additional data for annual abundance indices and therefore improved the ability to characterize the strength of recruitment for Gray Snapper over time. These results demonstrated that periodically reevaluating habitat-based stratification approaches to estimate fish abundance indices from long-term surveys can lead to more precise estimates and greater numbers of measured individuals, which are key components of successful monitoring programs. Received October 24, 2014; accepted May 14, 2015

@article{
 title = {Influence of angler hook-set behaviour relative to hook type on capture success and incidences of deep hooking and injury in a teleost fish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Angling,Bobber,Catch-and-release,Circle hooks,Hook-set},
 pages = {201-205},
 volume = {164},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {1},
 id = {9a1f7b0c-1563-38e7-afd9-04fe23435e28},
 created = {2019-09-17T14:00:26.131Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-17T14:00:28.435Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {One of the primary factors associated with mortality in catch-and-release recreational fisheries is depth of hook position relative to the snout, with deeper hooking locations (i.e., gullet) increasing risk of injury to vital tissues. As a result, there have been attempts to develop angling methods and gear that are less likely to result in deep hooking. Circle hooks represent an alternative to conventional "J" style hooks (J-hooks), and in general circle hooks have been shown to reduce the tendency for deep hooking in a variety of species, which can significantly improve post-release survival. Relative to fishing with J-hooks, circle hook manufacturers typically recommend that anglers use a rod movement (i.e., hook-set) of reduced intensity and force (i.e., a light hook-set), thereby maximizing the benefit of circle hooks by reducing the tendency for deep hooking and injury. To evaluate whether hook-set technique can affect hooking and injury in fish, we tested different combinations of hooks (circle hooks and J-hooks) and hook-set techniques (e.g., light, moderate, or heavy force, or with a bobber) in an angling study for bluegill (. Lepomis macrochirus) in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada. Binary responses of capture success and deep hooking were analysed with logistic regression. There was no significant interaction between hook type and hook-set, but overall, J-hooks increased the odds of successfully capturing a bluegill and also the odds of deep hooking a bluegill relative to circle hooks. The bobber hook-set technique increased the odds of deep hooking a bluegill relative to the active hook-setting techniques. This study suggests both deep hooking and capture of bluegill are significantly affected by both hook types and hook-set techniques.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lennox, Robert and Whoriskey, Kim and Crossin, Glenn T. and Cooke, Steven J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2014.11.015},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

One of the primary factors associated with mortality in catch-and-release recreational fisheries is depth of hook position relative to the snout, with deeper hooking locations (i.e., gullet) increasing risk of injury to vital tissues. As a result, there have been attempts to develop angling methods and gear that are less likely to result in deep hooking. Circle hooks represent an alternative to conventional "J" style hooks (J-hooks), and in general circle hooks have been shown to reduce the tendency for deep hooking in a variety of species, which can significantly improve post-release survival. Relative to fishing with J-hooks, circle hook manufacturers typically recommend that anglers use a rod movement (i.e., hook-set) of reduced intensity and force (i.e., a light hook-set), thereby maximizing the benefit of circle hooks by reducing the tendency for deep hooking and injury. To evaluate whether hook-set technique can affect hooking and injury in fish, we tested different combinations of hooks (circle hooks and J-hooks) and hook-set techniques (e.g., light, moderate, or heavy force, or with a bobber) in an angling study for bluegill (. Lepomis macrochirus) in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada. Binary responses of capture success and deep hooking were analysed with logistic regression. There was no significant interaction between hook type and hook-set, but overall, J-hooks increased the odds of successfully capturing a bluegill and also the odds of deep hooking a bluegill relative to circle hooks. The bobber hook-set technique increased the odds of deep hooking a bluegill relative to the active hook-setting techniques. This study suggests both deep hooking and capture of bluegill are significantly affected by both hook types and hook-set techniques.

@phdthesis{
 title = {UTILITY OF RAPID RECOMPRESSION DEVICES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO RED SNAPPER FISHERY},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {113},
 institution = {Texas A&M-Corpus Christi},
 id = {85cf8705-b1e1-3a2a-a4fb-31f6f53443e0},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.794Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.882Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Tompkins, A.K.}
}

@techreport{
 title = {Reducing Protected Species Bycatch Improving Fishing Practices Innovative Technologies Reducing Post-Release Mortality FY2013 project highlights},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {10},
 id = {7b209839-94c9-3229-abca-33eb78a52e06},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.916Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.022Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In support of our mission to sustainably manage the nation's fisheries, NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has been investing in technological and engineering solutions to reduce bycatch. Bycatch occurs when fishing operations discard fish or interact with marine mammals, seabirds, or sea turtles. Reducing bycatch in fisheries can have significant positive biological, economic, and social impacts. Reducing bycatch of protected species can improve the recovery of marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds and fish. In 2012 NOAA Fisheries began funding external partners from state governments, academia, and the fishing industry. T he mission of the Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (BREP) is to develop technological solutions and change fishing practices to minimize bycatch and reduce post-release injury and mortality of non-target species in our nation's fisheries. BREP projects strengthen cooperation and collaboration between NOAA Fisheries and the fishing industry by engaging partners in critical research projects and prioritizing research projects that have a strong management application. This report highlights outcomes and management applications of projects funded with $2.39 million in FY2013. They represent four priority areas: Highlights from FY2013 • In the Northeast, researchers used an an enhanced communication network and real-time maps to allow longfin squid fishermen to avoid butterfish "hot spots" and reduce bycatch by 54 percent. • Researchers on the West Coast have found that using LED lights can reduce bycatch of the endangered eulachon in the ocean shrimp trawl fishery by up to 91 percent. • In the mid-Atlantic, scientists developed a modified gillnet that reduced sturgeon interactions by more than 60 percent in Virginia and North Carolina. The report also identifies projects funded in FY 2014, although results from these projects will not be available until next year.},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {NOAA, undefined}
}

In support of our mission to sustainably manage the nation's fisheries, NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has been investing in technological and engineering solutions to reduce bycatch. Bycatch occurs when fishing operations discard fish or interact with marine mammals, seabirds, or sea turtles. Reducing bycatch in fisheries can have significant positive biological, economic, and social impacts. Reducing bycatch of protected species can improve the recovery of marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds and fish. In 2012 NOAA Fisheries began funding external partners from state governments, academia, and the fishing industry. T he mission of the Bycatch Reduction Engineering Program (BREP) is to develop technological solutions and change fishing practices to minimize bycatch and reduce post-release injury and mortality of non-target species in our nation's fisheries. BREP projects strengthen cooperation and collaboration between NOAA Fisheries and the fishing industry by engaging partners in critical research projects and prioritizing research projects that have a strong management application. This report highlights outcomes and management applications of projects funded with $2.39 million in FY2013. They represent four priority areas: Highlights from FY2013 • In the Northeast, researchers used an an enhanced communication network and real-time maps to allow longfin squid fishermen to avoid butterfish "hot spots" and reduce bycatch by 54 percent. • Researchers on the West Coast have found that using LED lights can reduce bycatch of the endangered eulachon in the ocean shrimp trawl fishery by up to 91 percent. • In the mid-Atlantic, scientists developed a modified gillnet that reduced sturgeon interactions by more than 60 percent in Virginia and North Carolina. The report also identifies projects funded in FY 2014, although results from these projects will not be available until next year.

@techreport{
 title = {Fisheries Release Mortality: Identifying, Prioritizing, and Resolving Data Gaps},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2014},
 id = {db3dfc12-f462-3821-93f6-8c28d857d362},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.317Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.393Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Benaka, L R and Sharpe, L and Anderson, L and Brennan, K and Budrick, J E and Lunsford, C and Meredith, E and Mohr, M S and Villafana, C}
}

@techreport{
 title = {Florida Sea Grant Fish Descending Project Final Report PD-12-11},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2014},
 websites = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bviQYGgKhw},
 id = {e3d0d8b5-221f-3d31-887b-9793dd9e3def},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:32.024Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:32.095Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Stevely, John and Fluech, Bryan and Staugler, Betty and Hazell, Joy and Krimsky, Lisa and Abeels, Holly and Saari, Brooke and Verlinde, Chris and Carnahan, Libby}
}

@article{
 title = {Estimating reef fish discard mortality using surface and bottom tagging: Effects of hook injury and barotrauma},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {514-520},
 volume = {71},
 id = {15924a45-ca33-3219-91b5-cb633e058546},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.977Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:45:47.814Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We estimated survival rates of discarded black sea bass (Centropristis striata) in various release conditions usingtag.recapture data. Fish were captured with traps and hook and line from waters 29.34mdeep off coastal North Carolina, USA,marked with internal anchor tags, and observed for release condition. Fish tagged on the bottom using SCUBA served as a controlgroup. Relative return rates for trap-caught fish released at the surface versus bottom provided an estimated survival rate of 0.87(95% credible interval 0.67.1.18) for surface-released fish. Adjusted for results from the underwater tagging experiment, fish withevidence of external barotrauma had a median survival rate of 0.91 (0.69.1.26) compared with 0.36 (0.17.0.67) for fish with hooktrauma and 0.16 (0.08.0.30) for floating or presumably dead fish. Applying these condition-specific estimates of survival tonon-tagging fishery data, we estimated a discard survival rate of 0.81 (0.62.1.11) for 11 hook and line data sets from waters 20.35mdeep and 0.86 (0.67.1.17) for 10 trap data sets from waters 11.29 m deep. The tag-return approach using a control group withno fishery-associated trauma represents a method to accurately estimate absolute discard survival of physoclistous reef species.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rudershausen, Paul J. and Buckel, J. A. and Hightower, J. E.},
 doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2013-0337},
 journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
 number = {4}
}

We estimated survival rates of discarded black sea bass (Centropristis striata) in various release conditions usingtag.recapture data. Fish were captured with traps and hook and line from waters 29.34mdeep off coastal North Carolina, USA,marked with internal anchor tags, and observed for release condition. Fish tagged on the bottom using SCUBA served as a controlgroup. Relative return rates for trap-caught fish released at the surface versus bottom provided an estimated survival rate of 0.87(95% credible interval 0.67.1.18) for surface-released fish. Adjusted for results from the underwater tagging experiment, fish withevidence of external barotrauma had a median survival rate of 0.91 (0.69.1.26) compared with 0.36 (0.17.0.67) for fish with hooktrauma and 0.16 (0.08.0.30) for floating or presumably dead fish. Applying these condition-specific estimates of survival tonon-tagging fishery data, we estimated a discard survival rate of 0.81 (0.62.1.11) for 11 hook and line data sets from waters 20.35mdeep and 0.86 (0.67.1.17) for 10 trap data sets from waters 11.29 m deep. The tag-return approach using a control group withno fishery-associated trauma represents a method to accurately estimate absolute discard survival of physoclistous reef species.

@article{
 title = {Relative survival of gags Mycteroperca microlepis released within a recreational hook-and-line fishery: Application of the Cox Regression Model to control for heterogeneity in a large-scale mark-recapture study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Discard mortality,Gag Mycteroperca microlepis,Mark-recapture,Proportional hazards model,Recreational fishery},
 pages = {18-27},
 volume = {150},
 month = {2},
 id = {bbb10987-7fb3-35d8-9f30-48d41074c4e0},
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 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.125Z},
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 abstract = {From June 2009 through December 2012 fishery observers were placed on charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. The objective of this study was to relate injuries and impairments measured directly from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within the recreational fishery to subsequent mark-recapture rates. Due to the large spatial and temporal scales of the study design, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Also, changes in fishing effort following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill during 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and drastically reduced recreational harvest seasons for gag during 2011 and 2012 were unanticipated during the design of this study. Therefore, it was necessary to control for potential covariates on encounter and recapture rates for gags tagged in different regions, different years, and different times of year. This analysis demonstrates the utility of the Cox regression proportional hazards model in comparing relative survival among gags released in various conditions while controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events. A total of 3954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30m were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha <0.05) for gags released in fair and poor condition after controlling for variable mark-recapture rates among regions and across months and years when tagged fish were initially captured and released. Gags released within the recreational fishery in fair and poor condition were only 66.4% (95% C.I. 46.9-94.0%) and 50.6% (26.2-97.8%) as likely to be recaptured, respectively, as gags released in good condition. Overall discard mortality was calculated for gags released in all condition categories at 10m depth intervals. There was a significant linear increase in estimated mortality from less than 15% (range of uncertainty, 0.1-25.2%) in shallow depths to 30m, to 35.6% (5.6-55.7%) at depths greater than 70m (p<0.001, R2=0.917). © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sauls, Beverly},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.008},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

From June 2009 through December 2012 fishery observers were placed on charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. The objective of this study was to relate injuries and impairments measured directly from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within the recreational fishery to subsequent mark-recapture rates. Due to the large spatial and temporal scales of the study design, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Also, changes in fishing effort following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill during 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and drastically reduced recreational harvest seasons for gag during 2011 and 2012 were unanticipated during the design of this study. Therefore, it was necessary to control for potential covariates on encounter and recapture rates for gags tagged in different regions, different years, and different times of year. This analysis demonstrates the utility of the Cox regression proportional hazards model in comparing relative survival among gags released in various conditions while controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events. A total of 3954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30m were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha <0.05) for gags released in fair and poor condition after controlling for variable mark-recapture rates among regions and across months and years when tagged fish were initially captured and released. Gags released within the recreational fishery in fair and poor condition were only 66.4% (95% C.I. 46.9-94.0%) and 50.6% (26.2-97.8%) as likely to be recaptured, respectively, as gags released in good condition. Overall discard mortality was calculated for gags released in all condition categories at 10m depth intervals. There was a significant linear increase in estimated mortality from less than 15% (range of uncertainty, 0.1-25.2%) in shallow depths to 30m, to 35.6% (5.6-55.7%) at depths greater than 70m (p<0.001, R2=0.917). © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

@article{
 title = {Surviving the effects of barotrauma: Assessing treatment options and a 'natural' remedy to enhance the release survival of line caught pink snapper (Pagrus auratus)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Angling,Buccal,Discard mortality,Stomach,Swim bladder,Venting},
 pages = {330-337},
 volume = {21},
 publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
 id = {cc402edf-aa5e-3cfc-8c76-8e002305bba5},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.957Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.136Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new technique to ameliorate the effects of barotrauma was tested based on observations of pink snapper, Pagrus auratus (Forster), inadvertently piercing their everted stomach with their teeth and releasing trapped swim bladder gases. This technique was termed buccal venting and involved piercing the everted stomach protruding into the buccal cavity or out of the mouth with a 16-gauge hypodermic needle (a practice previously not encouraged). Short-term (~3 days) survival of buccal-vented fish was not significantly different from laterally vented fish nor untreated controls. Both buccal and lateral venting techniques were shown to cause no harm and allowed fish to return to depth. The short-term (1â“3 days) post-release survival of line caught snapper was 88% with no significant difference in survival across three depth ranges tested (37â“50, 51â“100 and 101â“180 m). Survival of sublegal pink snapper (<35 cm TL) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of legal-sized fish (≥35 cm TL). Healing of the swim bladder was observed in 27% of pink snapper dissected after ≤3 days in captivity, and healing of stomachs was observed in 64% of pink snapper that had been buccal vented. Relatively high post-release survival rates of line caught pink snapper may offer some protection for snapper stocks where high fishing pressure and legal size restrictions result in the majority of the catch having to be released},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mclennan, M. F. and Campbell, M. J. and Sumpton, W. D.},
 doi = {10.1111/fme.12083},
 journal = {Fisheries Management and Ecology},
 number = {4}
}

A new technique to ameliorate the effects of barotrauma was tested based on observations of pink snapper, Pagrus auratus (Forster), inadvertently piercing their everted stomach with their teeth and releasing trapped swim bladder gases. This technique was termed buccal venting and involved piercing the everted stomach protruding into the buccal cavity or out of the mouth with a 16-gauge hypodermic needle (a practice previously not encouraged). Short-term (~3 days) survival of buccal-vented fish was not significantly different from laterally vented fish nor untreated controls. Both buccal and lateral venting techniques were shown to cause no harm and allowed fish to return to depth. The short-term (1â“3 days) post-release survival of line caught snapper was 88% with no significant difference in survival across three depth ranges tested (37â“50, 51â“100 and 101â“180 m). Survival of sublegal pink snapper (<35 cm TL) was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that of legal-sized fish (≥35 cm TL). Healing of the swim bladder was observed in 27% of pink snapper dissected after ≤3 days in captivity, and healing of stomachs was observed in 64% of pink snapper that had been buccal vented. Relatively high post-release survival rates of line caught pink snapper may offer some protection for snapper stocks where high fishing pressure and legal size restrictions result in the majority of the catch having to be released

@article{
 title = {The divergent effect of capture depth and associated barotrauma on post-recompression survival of canary (Sebastes pinniger) and yelloweye rockfish (S. ruberrimus)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Caging systems,Discard mortality,Recompression,Sebastes},
 pages = {106-112},
 volume = {157},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {6cf6840b-2cce-39df-8412-332097c3a8d3},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.131Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.210Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We evaluated the external signs of barotrauma and 48-h post-recompression survival for 54 canary and 81 yelloweye rockfish captured at depths of 46-174. m, much deeper than a similar prior experiment, but within the depth range of recreational fishery catch and discard. Survival was measured using specialized sea cages for holding individual fish. The external physical signs associated with extreme expansion and retention of swimbladder gas (pronounced barotrauma), including esophageal eversion, exophthalmia and ocular emphysema, were common for both species at these capture depths and were more frequent than in prior studies conducted at shallower depths. Despite similar frequencies of most external barotrauma signs, 48-h post-recompression survival of the two species diverged markedly as capture depth increased. Survival of yelloweye rockfish was above 80% across all capture depths, while survival of canary rockfish was lower, declining sharply to just 25% at capture depths greater than 135. m. Fish of both species that were alive after 48. h of caging displayed very few of the external signs of pronounced barotrauma and had a high submergence success rate when released at the surface. Logistic regression analysis, using a combined data set from this and an earlier experiment conducted at shallower capture depths, was used to more broadly evaluate factors influencing post-recompression survival. For canary rockfish, depth of capture was negatively related to survival (P< 0.0001), but the surface-bottom temperature differential was not (P>. 0.05). Exophthalmia and ocular emphysema were each negatively associated with survival for canary rockfish (P< 0.05). For yelloweye rockfish, no significant associations were found between post-recompression survival and capture depth, the surface-bottom temperature differential or any of the signs of pronounced barotrauma (P>. 0.05). © 2014 Elsevier B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hannah, Robert W. and Rankin, Polly S. and Blume, Matthew T.O.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2014.04.007},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

We evaluated the external signs of barotrauma and 48-h post-recompression survival for 54 canary and 81 yelloweye rockfish captured at depths of 46-174. m, much deeper than a similar prior experiment, but within the depth range of recreational fishery catch and discard. Survival was measured using specialized sea cages for holding individual fish. The external physical signs associated with extreme expansion and retention of swimbladder gas (pronounced barotrauma), including esophageal eversion, exophthalmia and ocular emphysema, were common for both species at these capture depths and were more frequent than in prior studies conducted at shallower depths. Despite similar frequencies of most external barotrauma signs, 48-h post-recompression survival of the two species diverged markedly as capture depth increased. Survival of yelloweye rockfish was above 80% across all capture depths, while survival of canary rockfish was lower, declining sharply to just 25% at capture depths greater than 135. m. Fish of both species that were alive after 48. h of caging displayed very few of the external signs of pronounced barotrauma and had a high submergence success rate when released at the surface. Logistic regression analysis, using a combined data set from this and an earlier experiment conducted at shallower capture depths, was used to more broadly evaluate factors influencing post-recompression survival. For canary rockfish, depth of capture was negatively related to survival (P< 0.0001), but the surface-bottom temperature differential was not (P>. 0.05). Exophthalmia and ocular emphysema were each negatively associated with survival for canary rockfish (P< 0.05). For yelloweye rockfish, no significant associations were found between post-recompression survival and capture depth, the surface-bottom temperature differential or any of the signs of pronounced barotrauma (P>. 0.05). © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

@phdthesis{
 title = {DISCARD MORTALITY, RECRUITMENT, AND CONNECTIVITY OF RED SNAPPER (LUTJANUS CAMPECHANUS) IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO A Dissertation},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {185},
 institution = {Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi},
 id = {2dfd0d44-3e53-385c-8e09-a078caf70c7b},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.398Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
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 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.487Z},
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 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 user_context = {PhD Dissertation},
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 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Curtis, Judson Matthew}
}

@article{
 title = {Clinical signs of barotrauma in golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson), and associated effects on post-release mortality and health},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Angling,Barotrauma,Exophthalmia,Recompression,Swimbladder,Venting},
 pages = {251-264},
 volume = {37},
 month = {3},
 id = {4eed7467-72e3-328d-aaaf-e9560915a889},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.420Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:21:23.322Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study assessed the effects of different retrieval depths (2, 10 or 20 m), surface intervals (none or 15 min) and release methods (untreated, vented or recompressed) on the incidence of external and internal clinical signs of barotrauma (ECSB and ICSB) and post-release mortality in golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson). Fish were assessed for ECSB before and after surface intervals and either monitored for mortality over 3 days in two deep cages or killed for internal examination. When all fish were left untreated, short-term mortality increased with retrieval depth from 0% and 4.2% among 2 and 10-m fish, respectively, to 19.2% among 20-m fish; while surface interval only affected the incidence of two ECSB (excess buoyancy and a prolapsed cloaca). Mortality was also greater among 20-m fish that were subjected to a 15-min surface interval and left untreated (22.2%) or vented (22.2%) than those that were recompressed (5.6%). Of the ECSB, only exophthalmia was associated with increased mortality, with half of the affected fish dying. However, many fish retrieved from 10 and 20 m also sustained numerous ICSB, including compressed gonads or vital organs and ruptured or collapsed, haemorrhaging swimbladders that remained deflated for up to 3 days after release. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hall, K. C. and Broadhurst, M. K. and Butcher, P. A.},
 doi = {10.1111/jfd.12103},
 journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases},
 number = {3}
}

This study assessed the effects of different retrieval depths (2, 10 or 20 m), surface intervals (none or 15 min) and release methods (untreated, vented or recompressed) on the incidence of external and internal clinical signs of barotrauma (ECSB and ICSB) and post-release mortality in golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (Richardson). Fish were assessed for ECSB before and after surface intervals and either monitored for mortality over 3 days in two deep cages or killed for internal examination. When all fish were left untreated, short-term mortality increased with retrieval depth from 0% and 4.2% among 2 and 10-m fish, respectively, to 19.2% among 20-m fish; while surface interval only affected the incidence of two ECSB (excess buoyancy and a prolapsed cloaca). Mortality was also greater among 20-m fish that were subjected to a 15-min surface interval and left untreated (22.2%) or vented (22.2%) than those that were recompressed (5.6%). Of the ECSB, only exophthalmia was associated with increased mortality, with half of the affected fish dying. However, many fish retrieved from 10 and 20 m also sustained numerous ICSB, including compressed gonads or vital organs and ruptured or collapsed, haemorrhaging swimbladders that remained deflated for up to 3 days after release. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

@article{
 title = {Venting or Rapid Recompression Increase Survival and Improve Recovery of Red Snapper with Barotrauma},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {190-199},
 volume = {6},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},
 day = {1},
 id = {a8f6ebc4-546d-38fd-ad4d-1ac6f17b4bb1},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.703Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.785Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2014, © American Fisheries Society 2014. Abstract: Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus are the most economically important reef fish in the Gulf of Mexico and a heavily targeted fishery. When brought to the surface from deep water, this species often suffers pressure-related injuries collectively known as barotrauma. This trauma results in high discard mortality and has affected recovery of the fishery. In laboratory experiments using hyperbaric chambers, we assessed sublethal effects of barotrauma and subsequent survival rates of Red Snapper after capture events from pressures corresponding to 30 and 60 m deep. We then evaluated the use of rapid recompression and venting to increase survival and improve recovery after release in this controlled environment. Vented fish in simulated surface release and rapid-recompression treatments had 100% survival. Fish released at the surface that were not vented had 67% survival after decompression from 30 m but only 17% survival from 60 m, while nonvented rapidly recompressed fish had 100% survival from 30 m and 83% survival from 60 m. Fish that were vented upon release at the surface showed significantly better ability to achieve an upright orientation and evade a simulated predator. Results showed clear benefits of venting or recompression. Our data also show strong depth effects resulting in increased barotrauma injuries, more impaired reflexes, and greater mortality as depth increases. Overall, our data support venting or rapid recompression as effective tools for alleviating barotrauma symptoms, improving predator evasion, and increasing overall survival. Received January 31, 2014; accepted April 7, 2014},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drumhiller, Karen L. and Johnson, Matthew W. and Diamond, Sandra L. and Reese Robillard, Megan M. and Stunz, Gregory W.},
 doi = {10.1080/19425120.2014.920746},
 journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries},
 number = {1}
}

© 2014, © American Fisheries Society 2014. Abstract: Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus are the most economically important reef fish in the Gulf of Mexico and a heavily targeted fishery. When brought to the surface from deep water, this species often suffers pressure-related injuries collectively known as barotrauma. This trauma results in high discard mortality and has affected recovery of the fishery. In laboratory experiments using hyperbaric chambers, we assessed sublethal effects of barotrauma and subsequent survival rates of Red Snapper after capture events from pressures corresponding to 30 and 60 m deep. We then evaluated the use of rapid recompression and venting to increase survival and improve recovery after release in this controlled environment. Vented fish in simulated surface release and rapid-recompression treatments had 100% survival. Fish released at the surface that were not vented had 67% survival after decompression from 30 m but only 17% survival from 60 m, while nonvented rapidly recompressed fish had 100% survival from 30 m and 83% survival from 60 m. Fish that were vented upon release at the surface showed significantly better ability to achieve an upright orientation and evade a simulated predator. Results showed clear benefits of venting or recompression. Our data also show strong depth effects resulting in increased barotrauma injuries, more impaired reflexes, and greater mortality as depth increases. Overall, our data support venting or rapid recompression as effective tools for alleviating barotrauma symptoms, improving predator evasion, and increasing overall survival. Received January 31, 2014; accepted April 7, 2014

@article{
 title = {Release mortality in the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) fishery: A meta-analysis of 3 decades of research},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {283-296},
 volume = {112},
 publisher = {National Marine Fisheries Service},
 id = {9953fadc-9968-336a-8aaa-18979a25944f},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.441Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.550Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© 2014, National Marine Fisheries Service. All rights reserved. The value of catch-and-release fishing as a conservation measure is highly dependent upon rates of discard frequency and release mortality. Therefore, it is important to understand how estimates of these variables are affected by factors such as capture depth and water temperature. The meta-analytical approach to modeling used here for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the Gulf of Mexico provides a robust method for dealing with studyspecific differences in experimental protocols and for estimating release (discard) mortality as a function of key factors. Results of this analysis showed significant increases in mortality by depth and for the commercial sector. The most consistent result was the positive correlation between depth and estimates of release mortality, a relationship that was present regardless of study method, fishing sector, hook type used, or season of study. The effect of venting (deflating the swim bladder by puncture) was dependent on whether the study produced estimates of immediate or delayed mortality. Immediate estimates indicated that mortality rates are lowered by venting whereas delayed estimates indicated that venting increased mortality rates. This result is largely reflective of the use of submergence ability, from surface-release studies, as a proxy for mortality. The model’s interaction result indicates that recompression of fish may be a viable alternative to venting and that, if a recompression device is not available, venting at least improves the likelihood that a fish can submerge and return to protective habitat. The depth-based functional relationships developed in this model were used in the most recent red snapper stock assessment in 2012, and that use was a change from previous assessments where region-specific point estimates were used.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Campbell, Matthew D. and Driggers, William B. and Sauls, Beverly and Walter, John F.},
 doi = {10.7755/FB.112.4.5},
 journal = {Fishery Bulletin},
 number = {4}
}

© 2014, National Marine Fisheries Service. All rights reserved. The value of catch-and-release fishing as a conservation measure is highly dependent upon rates of discard frequency and release mortality. Therefore, it is important to understand how estimates of these variables are affected by factors such as capture depth and water temperature. The meta-analytical approach to modeling used here for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the Gulf of Mexico provides a robust method for dealing with studyspecific differences in experimental protocols and for estimating release (discard) mortality as a function of key factors. Results of this analysis showed significant increases in mortality by depth and for the commercial sector. The most consistent result was the positive correlation between depth and estimates of release mortality, a relationship that was present regardless of study method, fishing sector, hook type used, or season of study. The effect of venting (deflating the swim bladder by puncture) was dependent on whether the study produced estimates of immediate or delayed mortality. Immediate estimates indicated that mortality rates are lowered by venting whereas delayed estimates indicated that venting increased mortality rates. This result is largely reflective of the use of submergence ability, from surface-release studies, as a proxy for mortality. The model’s interaction result indicates that recompression of fish may be a viable alternative to venting and that, if a recompression device is not available, venting at least improves the likelihood that a fish can submerge and return to protective habitat. The depth-based functional relationships developed in this model were used in the most recent red snapper stock assessment in 2012, and that use was a change from previous assessments where region-specific point estimates were used.

@phdthesis{
 title = {The effects of barotrauma and deepwater-release mechanisms on the reproductive viability of yelloweye rockfish in Prince William Sound, Alaska},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {77},
 institution = {The University of Alaska Fairbanks},
 id = {be5863a8-73c3-39ff-ba3b-49e6250350dc},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.890Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.989Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 user_context = {M.Sc. Thesis},
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 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Blain, Brittany}
}

@techreport{
 title = {A Directed Study of the Recreational Red Snapper Fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico along the West Florida Shelf-Final Project Report},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2014},
 id = {872c3f0b-f254-3936-bf98-c8dea721ab16},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:13:59.537Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
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 last_modified = {2019-09-06T18:14:00.074Z},
 read = {false},
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 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
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 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Sauls, Beverly and Ayala, Oscar and Cody, Richard}
}

@article{
 title = {Fine-Scale Movements and Home Ranges of Red Snapper around Artificial Reefs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 pages = {988-998},
 volume = {143},
 publisher = {Taylor and Francis Inc.},
 id = {57f62050-d017-3913-b8d6-2d670091058f},
 created = {2019-09-16T11:20:09.863Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
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 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:42:32.630Z},
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 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus are generally associated with artificial reef habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but whether this association results in fish production is still controversial. Information on fine-scale habitat use patterns would be helpful in evaluating this. Little is known about the fine-scale movement patterns of Red Snapper around artificial reefs. The present study examined fine-scale (»1-m accuracy) movements of Red Snapper with the Vemco VR2W Positioning System. This system enabled continuous monitoring of tagged fish from 100 to 694 d. Locations of individual fish were recorded approximately every 10 min and totaled over 1.9 million accurate locations of Red Snapper from August 2010 through May 2012. Red Snapper showed close association with the reef structure (mean § SD distance D 26.3 § 35.4 m) but differential habitat use in relation to both diel and seasonal periods. Home range areas (95% kernel density estimates [KDE]) were significantly larger during day than night periods and showed the lowest area use at dawn and dusk. Monthly home ranges (95% KDE) and core areas (50% KDE) were significantly larger in spring, summer, and fall than in winter and were significantly correlated with water temperature, suggesting colder winter temperatures reduced Red Snapper movement. Home range area was significantly correlated with fish size (407–590 mm standard length), and the fish in this study showed the highest site fidelity (88% still present after >10 months) of any Red Snapper in other previous studies. Red Snapper also showed use of multiple reefs within the monitoring area, as home ranges (95% KDE) showed a second peak around other artificial reefs. The high site fidelity, long-term use, and concentrated use of multiple artificial reefs confirm the importance of structured habitat for Red Snapper},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Piraino, Maria N. and Szedlmayer, Stephen T.},
 doi = {10.1080/00028487.2014.901249},
 journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
 number = {4}
}

Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus are generally associated with artificial reef habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but whether this association results in fish production is still controversial. Information on fine-scale habitat use patterns would be helpful in evaluating this. Little is known about the fine-scale movement patterns of Red Snapper around artificial reefs. The present study examined fine-scale (»1-m accuracy) movements of Red Snapper with the Vemco VR2W Positioning System. This system enabled continuous monitoring of tagged fish from 100 to 694 d. Locations of individual fish were recorded approximately every 10 min and totaled over 1.9 million accurate locations of Red Snapper from August 2010 through May 2012. Red Snapper showed close association with the reef structure (mean § SD distance D 26.3 § 35.4 m) but differential habitat use in relation to both diel and seasonal periods. Home range areas (95% kernel density estimates [KDE]) were significantly larger during day than night periods and showed the lowest area use at dawn and dusk. Monthly home ranges (95% KDE) and core areas (50% KDE) were significantly larger in spring, summer, and fall than in winter and were significantly correlated with water temperature, suggesting colder winter temperatures reduced Red Snapper movement. Home range area was significantly correlated with fish size (407–590 mm standard length), and the fish in this study showed the highest site fidelity (88% still present after >10 months) of any Red Snapper in other previous studies. Red Snapper also showed use of multiple reefs within the monitoring area, as home ranges (95% KDE) showed a second peak around other artificial reefs. The high site fidelity, long-term use, and concentrated use of multiple artificial reefs confirm the importance of structured habitat for Red Snapper

@techreport{
 title = {Recompression Experiments on Rougheye Rockfish with Barotrauma},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {2},
 websites = {https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/quarterly/jfm2013/divrptsABL2.htm},
 id = {15112176-7077-3421-bc80-c0b403831972},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.781Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T13:04:51.635Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Figure 2. Photograph of an inflated rougheye rockfish swim bladder after capture, repressurization, and holding in the laboratory for 1.5 years. Note the herniated red area on the left side of the swim bladder, which is likely a healed barotrauma. Because rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are physoclystic, i.e. their gas bladders are closed off from the gut, they often suffer internal barotrauma injuries from rapid air expansion in their tissues when brought up from depth. Many rockfish released at the surface do not survive, either because they cannot submerge due to excessive buoyancy or because of internal damage. There is some evidence that recompression m greatly increase the survival of barotrauma-injured rockfish. However, survival can be species-specific; therefore, it is important to gauge th impacts on each species of interest. Research completed during 2010-12 demonstrated that rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus), caught at depths from 500 to 900 ft and exhibiting barotrauma, can survive if recompressed after capture. This result is noteworthy because it is the deepest known successful capture and recompression of any rockfish species, which suggests there is potential to conduct scientific tagg studies to track movements and behavior of deepwater rockfish species. All fish brought to the surface exhibited some external signs of barotrauma including exophthalmia ("pop-eye"), an everted esophagus, and ocular emphysema (air bubble under the cornea). In 2011 and 2012, we tagged and released 130 fish at approximately 200 ft, and 46 oth were recompressed in portable pressure tanks and slowly brought back to surface pressure. All but one fish were brought to surface pres over approximately 48 hours. Using a 48-hr schedule, no fish larger than 54 cm survived. One large fish was given roughly 96 hours in the tanks and survived with the longer depressurization schedule. After repressurization in the tanks, fish no longer had exophthalmia or an eve esophagus. In many cases, ocular emphysema also disappeared. Of the 46 fish, 23 survived long-term and were monitored in the labora through January 2013. In January 2013, 21 of the 23 surviving fis were sacrificed. Eyes and internal organs were observed for signs of previous barotrauma. In addition, gonads were sampled for histological slide preparations examine maturation. As of this writing, slid are still being prepared, but to the naked e gonads did not appear to be maturing, eve though we would expect gonads to be maturing and enlarging in preparation for spawning in January. Many fish had repair swim-bladders that were holding air (Fig. 2 Two of the larger surviving fish (54 and 65 WEATHER OCEANS FISHERIES CHARTING SATELLITES CLIMATE RESEARCH COASTS CAREERS Recompression Experiments on Rougheye Rockfish with Barotrauma https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/quarterly/jfm2013/divrptsABL2.htm 1 of 2 12/20/2018, 11:58 AM},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Rodgveller, C.}
}

Figure 2. Photograph of an inflated rougheye rockfish swim bladder after capture, repressurization, and holding in the laboratory for 1.5 years. Note the herniated red area on the left side of the swim bladder, which is likely a healed barotrauma. Because rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are physoclystic, i.e. their gas bladders are closed off from the gut, they often suffer internal barotrauma injuries from rapid air expansion in their tissues when brought up from depth. Many rockfish released at the surface do not survive, either because they cannot submerge due to excessive buoyancy or because of internal damage. There is some evidence that recompression m greatly increase the survival of barotrauma-injured rockfish. However, survival can be species-specific; therefore, it is important to gauge th impacts on each species of interest. Research completed during 2010-12 demonstrated that rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus), caught at depths from 500 to 900 ft and exhibiting barotrauma, can survive if recompressed after capture. This result is noteworthy because it is the deepest known successful capture and recompression of any rockfish species, which suggests there is potential to conduct scientific tagg studies to track movements and behavior of deepwater rockfish species. All fish brought to the surface exhibited some external signs of barotrauma including exophthalmia ("pop-eye"), an everted esophagus, and ocular emphysema (air bubble under the cornea). In 2011 and 2012, we tagged and released 130 fish at approximately 200 ft, and 46 oth were recompressed in portable pressure tanks and slowly brought back to surface pressure. All but one fish were brought to surface pres over approximately 48 hours. Using a 48-hr schedule, no fish larger than 54 cm survived. One large fish was given roughly 96 hours in the tanks and survived with the longer depressurization schedule. After repressurization in the tanks, fish no longer had exophthalmia or an eve esophagus. In many cases, ocular emphysema also disappeared. Of the 46 fish, 23 survived long-term and were monitored in the labora through January 2013. In January 2013, 21 of the 23 surviving fis were sacrificed. Eyes and internal organs were observed for signs of previous barotrauma. In addition, gonads were sampled for histological slide preparations examine maturation. As of this writing, slid are still being prepared, but to the naked e gonads did not appear to be maturing, eve though we would expect gonads to be maturing and enlarging in preparation for spawning in January. Many fish had repair swim-bladders that were holding air (Fig. 2 Two of the larger surviving fish (54 and 65 WEATHER OCEANS FISHERIES CHARTING SATELLITES CLIMATE RESEARCH COASTS CAREERS Recompression Experiments on Rougheye Rockfish with Barotrauma https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/quarterly/jfm2013/divrptsABL2.htm 1 of 2 12/20/2018, 11:58 AM

@article{
 title = {Venting and Reef Fish Survival: Perceptions and Participation Rates among Recreational Anglers in the Northern Gulf of Mexico},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {1071-1078},
 volume = {33},
 id = {c410682c-28ab-3b16-981a-7fd0f9a9bc80},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.458Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.847Z},
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 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
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 abstract = {Fisheries scientists, managers, and industry have developed innovative tools and techniques to improve the survival of fishes captured and released in deepwater settings. Venting involves the insertion of a hollow needle to deflate a fish's swim bladder and is among the most widely promoted barotrauma mitigation techniques. However, its efficacy has been the subject of intense debate. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, venting tools are mandatory tackle for offshore reef anglers, but current mandates on usage are being reconsidered. We surveyed recreational and tournament anglers to understand the popularity and perceived effectiveness of venting and identify factors that affect these measures. Our survey results indicate that approximately two-thirds of anglers vent the fish they release offshore and most perceive it to be effective for improving survival rates. Among recreational anglers, we found that primary fishing locale (inshore, offshore) and experience were powerful predictors of perceptions and utilization rates. However, fishing experience did not appear to influence knowledge of proper venting techniques. While further ecological and physiological experimentation is needed to resolve many uncertainties that surround venting, our study demonstrates that angler perceptions and behaviors must also be considered and that aggressive education and outreach programs would be necessary to alter or improve current venting practices. Received October 12, 2012; accepted July 4, 2013. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Scyphers, Steven B. and Fodrie, F. Joel and Hernandez, Frank J. and Powers, Sean P. and Shipp, Robert L.},
 doi = {10.1080/02755947.2013.824932},
 journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
 number = {6}
}

Fisheries scientists, managers, and industry have developed innovative tools and techniques to improve the survival of fishes captured and released in deepwater settings. Venting involves the insertion of a hollow needle to deflate a fish's swim bladder and is among the most widely promoted barotrauma mitigation techniques. However, its efficacy has been the subject of intense debate. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, venting tools are mandatory tackle for offshore reef anglers, but current mandates on usage are being reconsidered. We surveyed recreational and tournament anglers to understand the popularity and perceived effectiveness of venting and identify factors that affect these measures. Our survey results indicate that approximately two-thirds of anglers vent the fish they release offshore and most perceive it to be effective for improving survival rates. Among recreational anglers, we found that primary fishing locale (inshore, offshore) and experience were powerful predictors of perceptions and utilization rates. However, fishing experience did not appear to influence knowledge of proper venting techniques. While further ecological and physiological experimentation is needed to resolve many uncertainties that surround venting, our study demonstrates that angler perceptions and behaviors must also be considered and that aggressive education and outreach programs would be necessary to alter or improve current venting practices. Received October 12, 2012; accepted July 4, 2013. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

@techreport{
 title = {Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment: Hydroacoustic Surveys},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {1},
 websites = {https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/quarterly/jfm2013/divrptsABL2.htm,http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/ABL/MESA/mesa_me_ff_hs.htm},
 id = {e318389a-9904-35ea-b89b-84aed6d27138},
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 file_attached = {true},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
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 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
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 abstract = {Figure 2. Photograph of an inflated rougheye rockfish swim bladder after capture, repressurization, and holding in the laboratory for 1.5 years. Note the herniated red area on the left side of the swim bladder, which is likely a healed barotrauma. Because rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are physoclystic, i.e. their gas bladders are closed off from the gut, they often suffer internal barotrauma injuries from rapid air expansion in their tissues when brought up from depth. Many rockfish released at the surface do not survive, either because they cannot submerge due to excessive buoyancy or because of internal damage. There is some evidence that recompression m greatly increase the survival of barotrauma-injured rockfish. However, survival can be species-specific; therefore, it is important to gauge th impacts on each species of interest. Research completed during 2010-12 demonstrated that rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus), caught at depths from 500 to 900 ft and exhibiting barotrauma, can survive if recompressed after capture. This result is noteworthy because it is the deepest known successful capture and recompression of any rockfish species, which suggests there is potential to conduct scientific tagg studies to track movements and behavior of deepwater rockfish species. All fish brought to the surface exhibited some external signs of barotrauma including exophthalmia ("pop-eye"), an everted esophagus, and ocular emphysema (air bubble under the cornea). In 2011 and 2012, we tagged and released 130 fish at approximately 200 ft, and 46 oth were recompressed in portable pressure tanks and slowly brought back to surface pressure. All but one fish were brought to surface pres over approximately 48 hours. Using a 48-hr schedule, no fish larger than 54 cm survived. One large fish was given roughly 96 hours in the tanks and survived with the longer depressurization schedule. After repressurization in the tanks, fish no longer had exophthalmia or an eve esophagus. In many cases, ocular emphysema also disappeared. Of the 46 fish, 23 survived long-term and were monitored in the labora through January 2013. In January 2013, 21 of the 23 surviving fis were sacrificed. Eyes and internal organs were observed for signs of previous barotrauma. In addition, gonads were sampled for histological slide preparations examine maturation. As of this writing, slid are still being prepared, but to the naked e gonads did not appear to be maturing, eve though we would expect gonads to be maturing and enlarging in preparation for spawning in January. Many fish had repair swim-bladders that were holding air (Fig. 2 Two of the larger surviving fish (54 and 65 WEATHER OCEANS FISHERIES CHARTING SATELLITES CLIMATE RESEARCH COASTS CAREERS Recompression Experiments on Rougheye Rockfish with Barotrauma https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/quarterly/jfm2013/divrptsABL2.htm 1 of 2 12/20/2018, 11:58 AM},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {NOAA, undefined}
}

Figure 2. Photograph of an inflated rougheye rockfish swim bladder after capture, repressurization, and holding in the laboratory for 1.5 years. Note the herniated red area on the left side of the swim bladder, which is likely a healed barotrauma. Because rockfish (Sebastes spp.) are physoclystic, i.e. their gas bladders are closed off from the gut, they often suffer internal barotrauma injuries from rapid air expansion in their tissues when brought up from depth. Many rockfish released at the surface do not survive, either because they cannot submerge due to excessive buoyancy or because of internal damage. There is some evidence that recompression m greatly increase the survival of barotrauma-injured rockfish. However, survival can be species-specific; therefore, it is important to gauge th impacts on each species of interest. Research completed during 2010-12 demonstrated that rougheye rockfish (S. aleutianus), caught at depths from 500 to 900 ft and exhibiting barotrauma, can survive if recompressed after capture. This result is noteworthy because it is the deepest known successful capture and recompression of any rockfish species, which suggests there is potential to conduct scientific tagg studies to track movements and behavior of deepwater rockfish species. All fish brought to the surface exhibited some external signs of barotrauma including exophthalmia ("pop-eye"), an everted esophagus, and ocular emphysema (air bubble under the cornea). In 2011 and 2012, we tagged and released 130 fish at approximately 200 ft, and 46 oth were recompressed in portable pressure tanks and slowly brought back to surface pressure. All but one fish were brought to surface pres over approximately 48 hours. Using a 48-hr schedule, no fish larger than 54 cm survived. One large fish was given roughly 96 hours in the tanks and survived with the longer depressurization schedule. After repressurization in the tanks, fish no longer had exophthalmia or an eve esophagus. In many cases, ocular emphysema also disappeared. Of the 46 fish, 23 survived long-term and were monitored in the labora through January 2013. In January 2013, 21 of the 23 surviving fis were sacrificed. Eyes and internal organs were observed for signs of previous barotrauma. In addition, gonads were sampled for histological slide preparations examine maturation. As of this writing, slid are still being prepared, but to the naked e gonads did not appear to be maturing, eve though we would expect gonads to be maturing and enlarging in preparation for spawning in January. Many fish had repair swim-bladders that were holding air (Fig. 2 Two of the larger surviving fish (54 and 65 WEATHER OCEANS FISHERIES CHARTING SATELLITES CLIMATE RESEARCH COASTS CAREERS Recompression Experiments on Rougheye Rockfish with Barotrauma https://www.afsc.noaa.gov/quarterly/jfm2013/divrptsABL2.htm 1 of 2 12/20/2018, 11:58 AM

@techreport{
 title = {Assessment of barotrauma and its mitigation measures on the behaviour and survival of snapper and mulloway Growth and survivorship of larval sardine Sardinops sagax off eastern Australia View project Survival Analysis for Fisheries Research View project},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 websites = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264825716},
 city = {Sydney, NSW},
 institution = {NSW Department of Primary Industries Sydney},
 id = {3bec0f3a-53e4-34d8-ae8e-4b3f416ba5dc},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.804Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
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 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Hughes, Julian M and Stewart, John}
}

@techreport{
 title = {GROUNDFISH MANAGEMENT TEAM REPORT ON PROPOSED DISCARD MORTALITY FOR COWCOD, CANARY ROCKFISH, AND YELLOWEYE ROCKFISH RELEASED USING DESCENDING DEVICES IN THE RECREATIONAL FISHERY},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 websites = {http://www.pcouncil.org/wp-},
 institution = {Agenda Item D.5.b GMT Report April 2013},
 id = {e7343895-274b-35c3-a21b-a099942a8d88},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.533Z},
 file_attached = {true},
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 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.612Z},
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 authored = {false},
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 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {GMT, undefined}
}

@article{
 title = {Physical damage, behaviour and post-release mortality of Argyrosomus japonicus after barotrauma and treatment},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {angling,kob,mulloway,recreational fishing,telemetry,unaccounted fishing mortality},
 pages = {511-521},
 volume = {35},
 month = {12},
 id = {38ac9364-45b1-3ce8-bc73-182840e62582},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.725Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.801Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Two experiments were conducted to quantify the mortality of, and clinical signs of barotrauma to, Argyrosomus japonicus after retrieval from 20 m following either 'no treatment', 'venting' (a needle inserted into the swim bladder) or 'recompression' (released with a weighted line). In Experiment 1, 10 fish were hauled from 20 m and from 5 m (controls) and euthanised for assessment. The only effect on controls was a distended coelomic cavity, but all fish retrieved from 20 m had this symptom and a prolapsed cloaca, and many had haemorrhaging (81%), gastric herniation (70%), swimbladder rupture (50%) and affected buoyancy (66%). Another 20 fish were subjected to the treatments and, along with controls (from 5 m), were released into 'bathy-cages' (2.5 m × 20 m) for three days. Only two fish retrieved from 20 m died (total mortality of 3.3%). In Experiment 2, six fish retrieved from 20 m and three control fish were tagged with acoustic transmitters, released following the abovementioned treatments into the wild and monitored for 214 d. All fish with barotrauma remained at shallower depths than controls for the first 10 d, after which behaviour was similar among groups. Our findings are positive, but further research is required to explore the relationship between retrieval depth and the severity of barotrauma. © 2013 NISC (Pty) Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butcher, P. A. and Broadhurst, M. K. and Cullis, B. R. and Raidal, S. R.},
 doi = {10.2989/1814232X.2013.858082},
 journal = {African Journal of Marine Science},
 number = {4}
}

Two experiments were conducted to quantify the mortality of, and clinical signs of barotrauma to, Argyrosomus japonicus after retrieval from 20 m following either 'no treatment', 'venting' (a needle inserted into the swim bladder) or 'recompression' (released with a weighted line). In Experiment 1, 10 fish were hauled from 20 m and from 5 m (controls) and euthanised for assessment. The only effect on controls was a distended coelomic cavity, but all fish retrieved from 20 m had this symptom and a prolapsed cloaca, and many had haemorrhaging (81%), gastric herniation (70%), swimbladder rupture (50%) and affected buoyancy (66%). Another 20 fish were subjected to the treatments and, along with controls (from 5 m), were released into 'bathy-cages' (2.5 m × 20 m) for three days. Only two fish retrieved from 20 m died (total mortality of 3.3%). In Experiment 2, six fish retrieved from 20 m and three control fish were tagged with acoustic transmitters, released following the abovementioned treatments into the wild and monitored for 214 d. All fish with barotrauma remained at shallower depths than controls for the first 10 d, after which behaviour was similar among groups. Our findings are positive, but further research is required to explore the relationship between retrieval depth and the severity of barotrauma. © 2013 NISC (Pty) Ltd.

@techreport{
 title = {Characterization of Gag Discards in Recreational For-Hire Fisheries},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 id = {2bd4f8d6-0042-3963-8883-600faec867b8},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:13:58.508Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
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 read = {false},
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 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Sauls, Beverly and Cermak, Bridget}
}

@techreport{
 title = {Preliminary Release Mortality of Gulf of Mexico Greater Amberjack from Commercial and Recreational Hand-line Fisheries: Integration of Fishing Practices, Environmental Parameters, and Fish Physiological Attributes},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 id = {fbafa6db-3959-31c4-966d-2eb55b9fcf0d},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:14:00.168Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
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 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.194Z},
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 author = {Murie, Debra J and Parkyn, Daryl C}
}

@techreport{
 title = {An evaluation of the effects of recreational catch and release angling on the survival of Gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis) with additional investigation into gear and strategies designed to reduce pressure related fishing trauma},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2013},
 pages = {37},
 institution = {NOAA},
 id = {1e106b1c-2151-302a-8a62-2b8b2d7fd674},
 created = {2019-10-31T19:04:28.088Z},
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 last_modified = {2019-10-31T20:03:00.122Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
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 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Collins, Angela B and Barbieri, Luiz R}
}

@article{
 title = {Recovery potential of black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, recompressed following barotrauma},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Decompression,Histology,Recompression,Rockfish},
 pages = {275-286},
 volume = {35},
 month = {4},
 id = {adb0ab12-12b9-3f96-939d-5f546b232e4b},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:29.911Z},
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 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.217Z},
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 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Overfished species of rockfish, Sebastes spp., from the Northeast Pacific experience high bycatch mortality because of 'barotrauma', a condition induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Field experiments show that it may be possible for rockfish to recover from barotrauma if quickly recompressed; however, no work has followed the physiological recovery of rockfish after recompression or determined whether it is possible for rockfish to survive barotrauma in the long term. Barotrauma was induced in adult black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, from a simulated depth of 35 m, followed by recompression. Blood and selected tissues (eye, heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, rete mirabile and gonad) were sampled at days 3, 15 and 31 post-recompression to evaluate the tissue- and physiologic-level response during recovery. No mortality from barotrauma occurred during the experiments, and feeding resumed in 80% of both treatment and control fish. The primary injury in treatment fish was the presence of a ruptured swimbladder and/or a ruptured tunica externa (outer layer of swimbladder), which was slow to heal. Blood plasma was analysed for glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol. Plasma analyses indicated no strong effects because of barotrauma, suggesting overall handling stress outweighed any effect from barotrauma. Rockfish with ruptured swimbladders may face compromised competency in the wild; however, it appears the majority of black rockfish decompressed from 35 m have a high potential for recovery if recompressed immediately after capture. This research suggests recompression could be a valuable bycatch mortality reduction tool for rockfish in recreational fisheries.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pribyl, A. L. and Schreck, C. B. and Kent, M. L. and Kelley, K. M. and Parker, S. J.},
 doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01345.x},
 journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases},
 number = {4}
}

Overfished species of rockfish, Sebastes spp., from the Northeast Pacific experience high bycatch mortality because of 'barotrauma', a condition induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Field experiments show that it may be possible for rockfish to recover from barotrauma if quickly recompressed; however, no work has followed the physiological recovery of rockfish after recompression or determined whether it is possible for rockfish to survive barotrauma in the long term. Barotrauma was induced in adult black rockfish, Sebastes melanops Girard, from a simulated depth of 35 m, followed by recompression. Blood and selected tissues (eye, heart ventricle, head kidney, liver, rete mirabile and gonad) were sampled at days 3, 15 and 31 post-recompression to evaluate the tissue- and physiologic-level response during recovery. No mortality from barotrauma occurred during the experiments, and feeding resumed in 80% of both treatment and control fish. The primary injury in treatment fish was the presence of a ruptured swimbladder and/or a ruptured tunica externa (outer layer of swimbladder), which was slow to heal. Blood plasma was analysed for glucose, sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, insulin-like growth factor-1 and cortisol. Plasma analyses indicated no strong effects because of barotrauma, suggesting overall handling stress outweighed any effect from barotrauma. Rockfish with ruptured swimbladders may face compromised competency in the wild; however, it appears the majority of black rockfish decompressed from 35 m have a high potential for recovery if recompressed immediately after capture. This research suggests recompression could be a valuable bycatch mortality reduction tool for rockfish in recreational fisheries.

@techreport{
 title = {J and Circle Hook Mortality and Barotrauma and the Consequences for Red Snapper Survival},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {77},
 id = {d3c621bf-6b89-311f-8f9f-b7efa9c475e2},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.055Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.174Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Although closed seasons, bag limits and quotas are used to manage fishes within the Grouper/Snapper Complex off the southeastern United States, size limits are the cornerstone of fisheries management. Because fishers must release all undersized fishes despite fish condition, this regulation has created a mandatory catch and release system. Inherent in this management strategy is the supposition that these undersized fish survive in sufficient numbers so as to justify this regulation. To satisfy this criteria fish mortality must be low and released fish must also experience minimal sub-lethal effects. Determination of sublethal effects and evaluation of their potential impairment and duration of injury are required to develop effective physiology-based criteria to evaluate the efficacy of a minimum size rule. To evaluate some aspects of the efficacy of the minimum size rule in the red snapper fishery off South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico off Florida traditional fisheries data were collected and analyzed in light of fish physiology, eco-morphology and behavior. Study objectives included 1) determination of the causes of hook mortality in red snapper in the recreational and recreational-for-hire fisheries by necropsy of acute and latent mortalities, analysis of tag and recapture data for both J and circle hooks, determination of fish dentition related to feeding behavior, 2) examination of the effects of rapid depression from depth on fish survival by inspection of red snapper swim bladders in both healthy and swim bladder ruptured fish from various water depths, comparison of tag and recapture data, and laboratory simulations using fish hyperbaric chambers to determine healing and survival from rapid depression trauma, and 3) evaluation of some of the consequences imposed by the minimum size limit based on study results. To evaluate the role hook mortality plays in species survival moribund red snapper caught aboard headboats were necropsied. Necropsy results from headboat-client caught fish showed red snapper suffered the greatest acute hook trauma (49.1%), almost equaling all other sources (50.9%) of red snapper mortality combined. Red snapper latent hook mortality (29%) was also high. Tag recaptures were used to test the null hypothesis that there would be no difference in recapture rates of red snapper caught on circle versus J hooks. The null hypothesis was rejected. Red snapper originally caught on J hooks (12.5%) had a higher recapture rate that those initially caught on circle hooks (8.1%). The next hypothesis tested was that hook mortality resulted from eco-morphology and feeding behavior. Dentition, jaw lever ratios, and feeding type and feeding behavior, including prey residence time in the mouth before swallowing were determined. Red},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Burns, K.M.}
}

Although closed seasons, bag limits and quotas are used to manage fishes within the Grouper/Snapper Complex off the southeastern United States, size limits are the cornerstone of fisheries management. Because fishers must release all undersized fishes despite fish condition, this regulation has created a mandatory catch and release system. Inherent in this management strategy is the supposition that these undersized fish survive in sufficient numbers so as to justify this regulation. To satisfy this criteria fish mortality must be low and released fish must also experience minimal sub-lethal effects. Determination of sublethal effects and evaluation of their potential impairment and duration of injury are required to develop effective physiology-based criteria to evaluate the efficacy of a minimum size rule. To evaluate some aspects of the efficacy of the minimum size rule in the red snapper fishery off South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico off Florida traditional fisheries data were collected and analyzed in light of fish physiology, eco-morphology and behavior. Study objectives included 1) determination of the causes of hook mortality in red snapper in the recreational and recreational-for-hire fisheries by necropsy of acute and latent mortalities, analysis of tag and recapture data for both J and circle hooks, determination of fish dentition related to feeding behavior, 2) examination of the effects of rapid depression from depth on fish survival by inspection of red snapper swim bladders in both healthy and swim bladder ruptured fish from various water depths, comparison of tag and recapture data, and laboratory simulations using fish hyperbaric chambers to determine healing and survival from rapid depression trauma, and 3) evaluation of some of the consequences imposed by the minimum size limit based on study results. To evaluate the role hook mortality plays in species survival moribund red snapper caught aboard headboats were necropsied. Necropsy results from headboat-client caught fish showed red snapper suffered the greatest acute hook trauma (49.1%), almost equaling all other sources (50.9%) of red snapper mortality combined. Red snapper latent hook mortality (29%) was also high. Tag recaptures were used to test the null hypothesis that there would be no difference in recapture rates of red snapper caught on circle versus J hooks. The null hypothesis was rejected. Red snapper originally caught on J hooks (12.5%) had a higher recapture rate that those initially caught on circle hooks (8.1%). The next hypothesis tested was that hook mortality resulted from eco-morphology and feeding behavior. Dentition, jaw lever ratios, and feeding type and feeding behavior, including prey residence time in the mouth before swallowing were determined. Red

@misc{
 title = {Perspectives on the morphological elements of circle hooks and their performance in pelagic longline fisheries},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {623-629},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {85256160-bcbb-3148-97b5-adaacfc7d4e7},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.381Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.461Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Use of circle hooks is regarded as an effective method to reduce incidental mortality of non-targeted species (e.g., sea turtles) in longline fisheries. Currently, various types of circle hook are produced and distributed commercially. Many researchers worldwide have examined the effect of circle hooks on hooking location, catch rate, and/or mortality for various species, using different types of hooks of various shapes and sizes. However, much work remains to be done to quantify the effects of circle hooks on catch and mortality rates of both target and non-target species. Consideration of practical utility is also important to facilitate wider application of circle hooks in commercial fisheries. Here we focus on some elements of circle hook morphology, i.e., hook width, offset, and incurved point angle, and discuss their potential effects on hook function (i.e., hooking location, catch rate) and practical utility. Further empirical circle hook studies are required to verify the effects discussed here. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Yokota, Kosuke and Mituhasi, Takahisa and Minami, Hiroshi and Kiyota, Masashi},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1066}
}

Use of circle hooks is regarded as an effective method to reduce incidental mortality of non-targeted species (e.g., sea turtles) in longline fisheries. Currently, various types of circle hook are produced and distributed commercially. Many researchers worldwide have examined the effect of circle hooks on hooking location, catch rate, and/or mortality for various species, using different types of hooks of various shapes and sizes. However, much work remains to be done to quantify the effects of circle hooks on catch and mortality rates of both target and non-target species. Consideration of practical utility is also important to facilitate wider application of circle hooks in commercial fisheries. Here we focus on some elements of circle hook morphology, i.e., hook width, offset, and incurved point angle, and discuss their potential effects on hook function (i.e., hooking location, catch rate) and practical utility. Further empirical circle hook studies are required to verify the effects discussed here. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@article{
 title = {Relationship between hook type and hooking location in sea turtles incidentally captured in the United States Atlantic Pelagic Longline Fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {703-718},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {94a7c62e-e307-3c31-a6e9-77504cda4d5b},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.479Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.344Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Because incidental capture in pelagic longline fishing gear potentially kills or injures thousands of sea turtles annually, solutions to reduce the frequency and mortality rate of these interactions are critical conservation priorities. Understanding factors that affect post-hooking mortality rates remains an important component to evaluating the population-level impact of these interactions. Post-release mortality may be dependent upon the nature of the interaction (hooking location and/or entanglement) and amount of gear remaining at release. Hooking location can impact the ability of the crew to remove gear, as deeply ingested hooks cannot be removed safely. We examined the effects of hook type (circle vs J-hooks), offset (degrees), and other factors on hooking location in leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), and loggerhead, Caretta caretta (linnaeus, 1758), sea turtles incidentally captured from 2000 to 2010 using fishery observer data. Significant differences in hooking location in loggerheads were observed between offset J-hooks and non-offset and 10° offset circle hooks; loggerheads were most often mouth/beak hooked with circle hooks, whereas most had swallowed offset J-hooks. Greater offsets appear to increase the frequency of deeply ingested hooks. Leatherback sea turtles were predominately externally hooked regardless of hook type, but mouth hookings occurred significantly more often on non-offset (0°) circle and J-hooks than on 10° offset circle hooks. When combined with outreach and education on careful release protocols, the use of circle hooks may increase post-interaction survival by modifying hooking location and facilitating maximum gear removal.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stokes, Lesley W. and Epperly, Sheryan P. and McCarthy, Kevin J.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1074},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Because incidental capture in pelagic longline fishing gear potentially kills or injures thousands of sea turtles annually, solutions to reduce the frequency and mortality rate of these interactions are critical conservation priorities. Understanding factors that affect post-hooking mortality rates remains an important component to evaluating the population-level impact of these interactions. Post-release mortality may be dependent upon the nature of the interaction (hooking location and/or entanglement) and amount of gear remaining at release. Hooking location can impact the ability of the crew to remove gear, as deeply ingested hooks cannot be removed safely. We examined the effects of hook type (circle vs J-hooks), offset (degrees), and other factors on hooking location in leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), and loggerhead, Caretta caretta (linnaeus, 1758), sea turtles incidentally captured from 2000 to 2010 using fishery observer data. Significant differences in hooking location in loggerheads were observed between offset J-hooks and non-offset and 10° offset circle hooks; loggerheads were most often mouth/beak hooked with circle hooks, whereas most had swallowed offset J-hooks. Greater offsets appear to increase the frequency of deeply ingested hooks. Leatherback sea turtles were predominately externally hooked regardless of hook type, but mouth hookings occurred significantly more often on non-offset (0°) circle and J-hooks than on 10° offset circle hooks. When combined with outreach and education on careful release protocols, the use of circle hooks may increase post-interaction survival by modifying hooking location and facilitating maximum gear removal.

@article{
 title = {Using a stock assessment framework to examine circle hooks: Exploring changes in catchability and implications for management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {745-754},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {55dd0c45-b8dd-3b04-8d13-0766946c61b9},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.571Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.669Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A presumed conservation benefit of circle hooks is that they reduce catchability (q) and therefore bycatch of non-target species. While these changes may benefit a fish stock, they are difficult to incorporate in a stock assessment context, particularly for models that rely on fishery-dependent data, because few experiments exist that quantify the effects of circle hooks for a given species over appropriately large spatial scales. Consequently, to develop management advice, it may be necessary to model assumed changes in q within the adopted stock assessment model framework. Here we present a case study of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839), a highly migratory species managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT ), and explore the management implications of changes in q within a multi-fleet, age-structured assessment context. This study demonstrates that changes in q on the order of ±30% are sufficient to cause notable differences in the magnitude of common management reference points estimated by stock assessment models. Relative to a base model that assumed a constant q, models that incorporated a theoretical reduction in q produced higher estimates of spawning stock biomass and maximum sustainable yield, and lower estimates of fishing mortality while a theoretical increase in q had the opposite effect. The magnitude of the change was dependent on the number of fisheries affected. We conclude that carefully designed studies are essential to quantify the effects of a proposed gear change and to inform the appropriate parameterization of stock assessment models. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cass-Calay, Shannon L. and Walter, John F. and Schirripa, Michael J.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1070},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

A presumed conservation benefit of circle hooks is that they reduce catchability (q) and therefore bycatch of non-target species. While these changes may benefit a fish stock, they are difficult to incorporate in a stock assessment context, particularly for models that rely on fishery-dependent data, because few experiments exist that quantify the effects of circle hooks for a given species over appropriately large spatial scales. Consequently, to develop management advice, it may be necessary to model assumed changes in q within the adopted stock assessment model framework. Here we present a case study of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839), a highly migratory species managed by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT ), and explore the management implications of changes in q within a multi-fleet, age-structured assessment context. This study demonstrates that changes in q on the order of ±30% are sufficient to cause notable differences in the magnitude of common management reference points estimated by stock assessment models. Relative to a base model that assumed a constant q, models that incorporated a theoretical reduction in q produced higher estimates of spawning stock biomass and maximum sustainable yield, and lower estimates of fishing mortality while a theoretical increase in q had the opposite effect. The magnitude of the change was dependent on the number of fisheries affected. We conclude that carefully designed studies are essential to quantify the effects of a proposed gear change and to inform the appropriate parameterization of stock assessment models. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@article{
 title = {Scientific and stakeholder perspectives on the use of circle hooks in recreational fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {395-410},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {74805030-c3a8-39cb-9aef-8e9228a45fb6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.625Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.749Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch-and-release science has revealed that one of the strongest correlates of mortality for fishes is deep hooking in areas such as the esophagus, gills, or stomach, which is largely influenced by gear choice and angler behavior. Circle hooks represent a gear type that has been shown to reduce incidences of deep hooking, but not for all species or fishing methods. The apparent condition-dependent success as well as wide range of circle hook configurations causes confusion for the angling community and challenges for fisheries managers. An online snowballstyle survey (n = 1354 completed) targeting North American anglers that have used circle hooks was implemented to examine stakeholder perspectives, an approach that has the potential to reveal issues and opportunities with respect to circle hook use and implementation as a management tool. Our survey identified that respondent perspectives tended to be consistent with scientific literature. Most respondents reported that circle hooks are useful (in terms of enabling capture and shallow hooking) for certain species and types of fisheries/methods, but of little use for others (i.e., low hookup rates). However, a number of respondents identified the need for additional education, particularly related to hook sets. Most respondents were apprehensive about broad-scale regulations requiring circle hooks, but felt that such regulations could be used in specific instances. Identifying the factors that influence when circle hooks are effective and the barriers to angler adoption of circle hooks in instances where they are deemed effective represent key research needs. Regional or fishery-specific social science surveys based on random sampling are needed to further advance understanding of circle hooks and ultimately lead to a reduction in deep hooking and fish mortality. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine  &  Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cooke, Steven J. and Nguyen, Vivian M. and Murchie, Karen J. and Danylchuk, Andy J. and Suski, Cory D.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1056},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Catch-and-release science has revealed that one of the strongest correlates of mortality for fishes is deep hooking in areas such as the esophagus, gills, or stomach, which is largely influenced by gear choice and angler behavior. Circle hooks represent a gear type that has been shown to reduce incidences of deep hooking, but not for all species or fishing methods. The apparent condition-dependent success as well as wide range of circle hook configurations causes confusion for the angling community and challenges for fisheries managers. An online snowballstyle survey (n = 1354 completed) targeting North American anglers that have used circle hooks was implemented to examine stakeholder perspectives, an approach that has the potential to reveal issues and opportunities with respect to circle hook use and implementation as a management tool. Our survey identified that respondent perspectives tended to be consistent with scientific literature. Most respondents reported that circle hooks are useful (in terms of enabling capture and shallow hooking) for certain species and types of fisheries/methods, but of little use for others (i.e., low hookup rates). However, a number of respondents identified the need for additional education, particularly related to hook sets. Most respondents were apprehensive about broad-scale regulations requiring circle hooks, but felt that such regulations could be used in specific instances. Identifying the factors that influence when circle hooks are effective and the barriers to angler adoption of circle hooks in instances where they are deemed effective represent key research needs. Regional or fishery-specific social science surveys based on random sampling are needed to further advance understanding of circle hooks and ultimately lead to a reduction in deep hooking and fish mortality. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@article{
 title = {Performance of non-offset and 10° offset 18/0 circle hooks in the United states pelagic longline fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {571-587},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {d8cf8613-0a82-3512-8040-27bce2333f01},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.651Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.343Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Industry standard fishing hooks used prior to 2004 during US commercial
pelagic longline (PLL) fishing were the 8/0-10/0 J-hooks with a 20
degrees-25 degrees offset-a lateral deviation of the hook point relative
to the hook shaft. However, federal regulations enacted in 2004 require
the US PLL industry to employ circle hooks allowing up to 10 degrees
offset during fishing operations. Until recently, there have been no
studies directly comparing the performance of non-offset and 10 degrees
offset circle hooks in commercial PLL applications. Our study alternated
non-offset and 10 degrees offset circle hooks along the gear length on
individual PLL deployments in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of
Mexico, and Windward Passage in the Caribbean Sea. The study compared
the relative performance of both hook types in terms of: (1) catch
rates, (2) percent mortality, and (3) the percentage of deep-hooked
target and bycatch species. For swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus,
1758), several experiments indicate: (1) marginally higher catch rates,
(2) significantly lower mortality, and (3) significantly less deep
hooking on non-offset than 100 offset circle hooks. Most of the
performance differences for blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacepede,
1802, were insignificant; however, one study produced significantly
higher mortality on 10 degrees offset than non-offset circle hooks. The
present study suggests that, relative to non-offset circle hooks, 10
degrees offset circle hooks may reduce fishing efficiency and can
counteract the conservation benefits commonly associated with circle
hooks (e.g., lower mortality). However, additional research is required
to assess the effects of offset hooks on tunas, billfishes, and
elasmobranchs.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rice, Patrick H. and Serafy, Joseph E. and Snodgrass, Derke and Prince, Eric D.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1095},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Industry standard fishing hooks used prior to 2004 during US commercial pelagic longline (PLL) fishing were the 8/0-10/0 J-hooks with a 20 degrees-25 degrees offset-a lateral deviation of the hook point relative to the hook shaft. However, federal regulations enacted in 2004 require the US PLL industry to employ circle hooks allowing up to 10 degrees offset during fishing operations. Until recently, there have been no studies directly comparing the performance of non-offset and 10 degrees offset circle hooks in commercial PLL applications. Our study alternated non-offset and 10 degrees offset circle hooks along the gear length on individual PLL deployments in the western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Windward Passage in the Caribbean Sea. The study compared the relative performance of both hook types in terms of: (1) catch rates, (2) percent mortality, and (3) the percentage of deep-hooked target and bycatch species. For swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758), several experiments indicate: (1) marginally higher catch rates, (2) significantly lower mortality, and (3) significantly less deep hooking on non-offset than 100 offset circle hooks. Most of the performance differences for blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacepede, 1802, were insignificant; however, one study produced significantly higher mortality on 10 degrees offset than non-offset circle hooks. The present study suggests that, relative to non-offset circle hooks, 10 degrees offset circle hooks may reduce fishing efficiency and can counteract the conservation benefits commonly associated with circle hooks (e.g., lower mortality). However, additional research is required to assess the effects of offset hooks on tunas, billfishes, and elasmobranchs.

@article{
 title = {Hooking survival of fishes captured by the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery: Impact of the 2004 circle hook rule},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {605-621},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {11f87ce0-5775-388d-8965-49ea9b6025e1},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.658Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.550Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We examine the impact on pelagic fish hooking survival rates (defined as the proportion of fish alive upon gear retrieval) of the rapid switch from J-hooks to circle hooks that was required of the US pelagic longline fishery operating in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico after August 2004. Our focus was on 12 fish taxa that are commonly caught as bycatch or retained for the market, and for which individual disposition (live or dead) information was available from 1992 to 2010. To test the hypothesis of no change in survival before vs after the circle hook rule went into effect, we utilized a repeated measures logistic regression approach which accounted for variation in several operational, environmental, and biological covariates, including bait, fishery target, fishing zone, soak duration, water temperature, maximum fishing depth, and fish size (length). For white marlin and albacore, results were mixed, with both increases and decreases in hooking survival varying by fishing zone. For blue shark and lancetfish, no significant differences in hooking survival were detected between the pre- and post-circle hook rule time periods. However, for the remaining eight taxa (swordfish, yellowfin tuna, dolphinfish, bigeye tuna, escolar, silky shark, blue marlin, and sailfish), significant increases in survival were evident. Our results are generally consistent with previous experimental and fishery observer longline studies which suggested circle hook use has the potential to increase hooking survival. Results imply that the 2004 circle hook rule has provided increased opportunities for: (1) live release for several bycatch species; and (2) improved quality (and perhaps prices) of targeted and incidentally-caught taxa that are retained for the market.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Serafy, Joseph E. and Orbesen, Eric S. and Snodgrass, Derke J. and Beerkircher, Lawrence R. and Walter, John F.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1080},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

We examine the impact on pelagic fish hooking survival rates (defined as the proportion of fish alive upon gear retrieval) of the rapid switch from J-hooks to circle hooks that was required of the US pelagic longline fishery operating in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico after August 2004. Our focus was on 12 fish taxa that are commonly caught as bycatch or retained for the market, and for which individual disposition (live or dead) information was available from 1992 to 2010. To test the hypothesis of no change in survival before vs after the circle hook rule went into effect, we utilized a repeated measures logistic regression approach which accounted for variation in several operational, environmental, and biological covariates, including bait, fishery target, fishing zone, soak duration, water temperature, maximum fishing depth, and fish size (length). For white marlin and albacore, results were mixed, with both increases and decreases in hooking survival varying by fishing zone. For blue shark and lancetfish, no significant differences in hooking survival were detected between the pre- and post-circle hook rule time periods. However, for the remaining eight taxa (swordfish, yellowfin tuna, dolphinfish, bigeye tuna, escolar, silky shark, blue marlin, and sailfish), significant increases in survival were evident. Our results are generally consistent with previous experimental and fishery observer longline studies which suggested circle hook use has the potential to increase hooking survival. Results imply that the 2004 circle hook rule has provided increased opportunities for: (1) live release for several bycatch species; and (2) improved quality (and perhaps prices) of targeted and incidentally-caught taxa that are retained for the market.

@misc{
 title = {An overview of circle hook use and management measures in UNITED ST ATES marine fisheries},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {771-788},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {91314056-93a1-3c0e-9b21-1ab321923fc5},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.715Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.604Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We provide an overview of the use of, and management measures for, circle hooks
in various marine fisheries of the United States. Circle hooks have long been known
for their conservation benefits, such as reducing deep hooking, and therefore,
reducing post-release mortality associated with this event. Some US commercial
pelagic longline vessels voluntarily started using circle hooks due to increased
catch rates for some target species and increased post-release survival of non-target
species, whereas recreational anglers began using circle hooks to reduce post-release
mortality in catch-and-release fisheries. Despite previous voluntary circle hook use,
circle hooks have been a relatively new fishery management tool in US state and
federal fisheries. However, the difference in jurisdiction between state and federal
waters has resulted in some disparity in state and federal circle hook regulations.
In general, consistent management regulations between state and federal waters
should be more beneficial for fish stocks that have both state and federal fisheries.
Finally, while state and federal circle hook regulations are documented, voluntary
circle hook use by commercial and recreational fishers participating in different
state and federal fisheries is more difficult to characterize. Thus, overall circle hook
use is difficult to quantify.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Wilson, Jacqueline A. and Diaz, Guillermo A.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1061}
}

We provide an overview of the use of, and management measures for, circle hooks in various marine fisheries of the United States. Circle hooks have long been known for their conservation benefits, such as reducing deep hooking, and therefore, reducing post-release mortality associated with this event. Some US commercial pelagic longline vessels voluntarily started using circle hooks due to increased catch rates for some target species and increased post-release survival of non-target species, whereas recreational anglers began using circle hooks to reduce post-release mortality in catch-and-release fisheries. Despite previous voluntary circle hook use, circle hooks have been a relatively new fishery management tool in US state and federal fisheries. However, the difference in jurisdiction between state and federal waters has resulted in some disparity in state and federal circle hook regulations. In general, consistent management regulations between state and federal waters should be more beneficial for fish stocks that have both state and federal fisheries. Finally, while state and federal circle hook regulations are documented, voluntary circle hook use by commercial and recreational fishers participating in different state and federal fisheries is more difficult to characterize. Thus, overall circle hook use is difficult to quantify.

@misc{
 title = {Incorporating circle hooks into atlantic pelagic fisheries: Case studies from the commercial tuna/swordfish longline and recreational billfish fisheries},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {411-422},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {2dcdabfd-8dc1-352b-be1b-d4ae6a870be3},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.740Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.915Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {An emerging body of literature has demonstrated the benefits of the use of circle hooks relative to standard J-hooks in commercial and recreational fisheries. In the pelagic longline fishery for tunas (Thunnus spp.) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758), the use of circle hooks has resulted in greater catch rates of some target species, lower catch rates of some bycatch species, and a higher percentage of many target and bycatch species alive at the time of haulback (gear retrieval). However, a lack of agreement among results of studies conducted in different fisheries and areas, using different baits and rigging techniques, and with different styles and sizes of circle hooks has hindered the adoption of this terminal tackle as a management measure at the international level. Nevertheless, some countries have mandated the use of circle hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to protect bycatch species, and some individual fishers have incorporated circle hooks because they appear to maximize individual profit. In the recreational fishery for billfishes (family Istiophoridae), which is primarily a catch-and-release fishery in the United States, studies have demonstrated that circle hooks result in higher rates of external hooking and post-release survival than standard J-hooks. The use of circle hooks in billfish fisheries has been promoted by the sportfishing industry and is currently required by some nations; however, partnerships promoting active outreach and education with stakeholders in both commercial and recreational fisheries are critical to maximize the use and conservation benefit of this technology. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Graves, John E. and Horodysky, Andrij Z. and Kerstetter, David W.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1067}
}

An emerging body of literature has demonstrated the benefits of the use of circle hooks relative to standard J-hooks in commercial and recreational fisheries. In the pelagic longline fishery for tunas (Thunnus spp.) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758), the use of circle hooks has resulted in greater catch rates of some target species, lower catch rates of some bycatch species, and a higher percentage of many target and bycatch species alive at the time of haulback (gear retrieval). However, a lack of agreement among results of studies conducted in different fisheries and areas, using different baits and rigging techniques, and with different styles and sizes of circle hooks has hindered the adoption of this terminal tackle as a management measure at the international level. Nevertheless, some countries have mandated the use of circle hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to protect bycatch species, and some individual fishers have incorporated circle hooks because they appear to maximize individual profit. In the recreational fishery for billfishes (family Istiophoridae), which is primarily a catch-and-release fishery in the United States, studies have demonstrated that circle hooks result in higher rates of external hooking and post-release survival than standard J-hooks. The use of circle hooks in billfish fisheries has been promoted by the sportfishing industry and is currently required by some nations; however, partnerships promoting active outreach and education with stakeholders in both commercial and recreational fisheries are critical to maximize the use and conservation benefit of this technology. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@misc{
 title = {The effect of circle hooks on shark catchability and at-vessel mortality rates in longlines fisheries},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {469-483},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {6f1d72e1-7e4c-3b6c-92d6-f62b5a71915c},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.850Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.929Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Circle hooks have gained recent attention as a cost-effective bycatch mitigation tool in pelagic longline fisheries, particularly for marine turtles. Over the last few years, a growing number of studies have investigated the use of circle hooks and their effects on other species, including elasmobranchs. To elucidate the potential value of circle hook use as a tool for shark conservation and management in pelagic longline fisheries, we conducted a quantitative review of all available studies to date. We compiled 15 published and eight gray literature studies and where possible used random effects meta-analysis and analysis of covariance to test the effects of circle hooks on catchability and at-vessel mortality rates. Overall, results suggest that using circle hooks on pelagic longlines do not have a major effect on shark catch rates, but do reduce at-vessel mortality compared to J-hooks. Thus circle hooks should be seen as one potential tool to help reduce bycatch mortality of sharks in longline fisheries. However, the high level of heterogeneity found between studies highlights the need for shark-specific controlled experiments to provide more definitive results.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Godin, Aurélie C. and Carlson, John K. and Burgener, Valérie},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1054}
}

Circle hooks have gained recent attention as a cost-effective bycatch mitigation tool in pelagic longline fisheries, particularly for marine turtles. Over the last few years, a growing number of studies have investigated the use of circle hooks and their effects on other species, including elasmobranchs. To elucidate the potential value of circle hook use as a tool for shark conservation and management in pelagic longline fisheries, we conducted a quantitative review of all available studies to date. We compiled 15 published and eight gray literature studies and where possible used random effects meta-analysis and analysis of covariance to test the effects of circle hooks on catchability and at-vessel mortality rates. Overall, results suggest that using circle hooks on pelagic longlines do not have a major effect on shark catch rates, but do reduce at-vessel mortality compared to J-hooks. Thus circle hooks should be seen as one potential tool to help reduce bycatch mortality of sharks in longline fisheries. However, the high level of heterogeneity found between studies highlights the need for shark-specific controlled experiments to provide more definitive results.

@misc{
 title = {Hooks and sea turtles: A veterinarian'S perspective},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {731-741},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {1d0369e7-7926-3d8a-bfcd-c277c3cd5310},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.931Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.035Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Six out of seven species of marine turtles are endangered, with longline bycatch considered one of the main causes for the decrease of their populations. Recently, the use of large circle hooks has been shown to reduce the impact of longline fishing on sea turtles, both decreasing the number of sea turtles captured, and shifting the number of hookings to the mouth, as opposed to other anatomical locations. However, little is known about the true post-release mortality of captured turtles in relation to hook location and associated lesions, essential information to adequately determine gear impacts. Here I discuss, from a veterinary’s point of view, the lesions caused by hooks in different locations in captured sea turtles, and their possible effects, combining information gathered from personal experience, long- term studies on captive sea turtles, post-mortem analysis of stranded sea turtles, and results of satellite tagging studies. Although hooks in the mouth are generally considered low risk, there are sensitive structures in this area, such as the glottis or the jaw joint, which should be carefully considered. On the other hand, the esophagus has a strong muscular wall and is somewhat resistant to lesions, unless the hook lodges close to the heart or large blood vessels. Lines left trailing are by far the most dangerous part of the gear, and have very high chance of causing mortality. Adequate training of fishermen by experienced researchers is essential to reduce sea turtle mortality, and more research is urgently needed to confirm the effectiveness of circle hooks.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Parga, Maria L.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1063}
}

Six out of seven species of marine turtles are endangered, with longline bycatch considered one of the main causes for the decrease of their populations. Recently, the use of large circle hooks has been shown to reduce the impact of longline fishing on sea turtles, both decreasing the number of sea turtles captured, and shifting the number of hookings to the mouth, as opposed to other anatomical locations. However, little is known about the true post-release mortality of captured turtles in relation to hook location and associated lesions, essential information to adequately determine gear impacts. Here I discuss, from a veterinary’s point of view, the lesions caused by hooks in different locations in captured sea turtles, and their possible effects, combining information gathered from personal experience, long- term studies on captive sea turtles, post-mortem analysis of stranded sea turtles, and results of satellite tagging studies. Although hooks in the mouth are generally considered low risk, there are sensitive structures in this area, such as the glottis or the jaw joint, which should be carefully considered. On the other hand, the esophagus has a strong muscular wall and is somewhat resistant to lesions, unless the hook lodges close to the heart or large blood vessels. Lines left trailing are by far the most dangerous part of the gear, and have very high chance of causing mortality. Adequate training of fishermen by experienced researchers is essential to reduce sea turtle mortality, and more research is urgently needed to confirm the effectiveness of circle hooks.

@article{
 title = {Hook effects on seabird bycatch in the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {559-569},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {d4574658-58a8-325d-9184-e0fa6045ca93},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.966Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.336Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Recent studies suggest that use of circle hooks can reduce the incidental mortality of some marine fishes and sea turtles in longline fisheries. Analysis of data from the US National Marine Fisheries Service Pelagic Observer Program (POP ) revealed a significant hook effect on seabird bycatch. Our analysis focused on the three areas with highest seabird bycatch, the northeast US coast (60°W-71°W, 35°N-42°N), the Middle Atlantic Bight (71°W-82°W, 35°N-41°N), and the South Atlantic Bight (71°W-82°W, 30°N-35°N). We developed two generalized linear models to examine effects of four hook treatments, i.e., four combinations of hook type and size (8/0 J-hook, 9/0 J-hook, 16/0 circle hook, and 18/0 circle hook), on: (1) the probability of catching seabirds on a set and (2) the positive catch rate (i.e., number of seabirds per 1000 hooks in longline sets with at least one seabird caught). Results indicated that combinations of hook type and size significantly influenced the probability of catching seabirds in the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Use of the 8/0 J-hook led to the highest probability of catching a seabird. Use of circle hooks may significantly reduce seabird bycatch in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery, but its effectiveness may be confounded by other factors such as bait type, fishing location, season, and target species. Results of our study were limited by the small number of seabird captures in the POP data. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Li, Yan and Browder, Joan A. and Jiao, Yan},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1039},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Recent studies suggest that use of circle hooks can reduce the incidental mortality of some marine fishes and sea turtles in longline fisheries. Analysis of data from the US National Marine Fisheries Service Pelagic Observer Program (POP ) revealed a significant hook effect on seabird bycatch. Our analysis focused on the three areas with highest seabird bycatch, the northeast US coast (60°W-71°W, 35°N-42°N), the Middle Atlantic Bight (71°W-82°W, 35°N-41°N), and the South Atlantic Bight (71°W-82°W, 30°N-35°N). We developed two generalized linear models to examine effects of four hook treatments, i.e., four combinations of hook type and size (8/0 J-hook, 9/0 J-hook, 16/0 circle hook, and 18/0 circle hook), on: (1) the probability of catching seabirds on a set and (2) the positive catch rate (i.e., number of seabirds per 1000 hooks in longline sets with at least one seabird caught). Results indicated that combinations of hook type and size significantly influenced the probability of catching seabirds in the United States Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Use of the 8/0 J-hook led to the highest probability of catching a seabird. Use of circle hooks may significantly reduce seabird bycatch in the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery, but its effectiveness may be confounded by other factors such as bait type, fishing location, season, and target species. Results of our study were limited by the small number of seabird captures in the POP data. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@article{
 title = {Effects of hook and bait on targeted and bycatch fishes in an equatorial Atlantic pelagic longline fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {449-467},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {11790557-7703-33db-b471-051345d766f3},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.023Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.105Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We examined the effects of different hook style and bait type combinations on the catches of targeted, bycatch, and discarded fishes in equatorial Atlantic waters. In total, 221 longline sets (>305,000 hooks) were deployed from Portuguese pelagic longline vessels (SELECT -PAL Project) during the February-October fishing season. Three different hook styles and two bait types were tested: the traditional J-hook was compared to two circle hooks (one non-offset and one with 10° offset), and squid bait was compared to mackerel. Catch per unit effort (CPU Es) were calculated and compared between the different hook style and bait type combinations, which indicated that the effects of hook style and bait on the CPU Es were species-specific. For example, swordfish CPU Es were higher with J-hooks baited with squid, while for targeted tunas and blue shark only the bait effect was significant, but with opposite effect (i.e., higher catches of tuna with squid bait and higher catches of blue shark with mackerel bait). For the discarded species, at-haulback mortality was also species-specific. Proportions of alive vs dead specimens at time of fishing gear retrieval did not vary significantly by hook style or bait type combinations. The total retained catch was analyzed in value per unit effort (VPU E), and indicated losses in fishery revenue when mackerel was used instead of squid, but not when circle hooks were used instead of J-hooks. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Coelho, Rui and Santos, Miguel N. and Amorim, Sérgio},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1064},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

We examined the effects of different hook style and bait type combinations on the catches of targeted, bycatch, and discarded fishes in equatorial Atlantic waters. In total, 221 longline sets (>305,000 hooks) were deployed from Portuguese pelagic longline vessels (SELECT -PAL Project) during the February-October fishing season. Three different hook styles and two bait types were tested: the traditional J-hook was compared to two circle hooks (one non-offset and one with 10° offset), and squid bait was compared to mackerel. Catch per unit effort (CPU Es) were calculated and compared between the different hook style and bait type combinations, which indicated that the effects of hook style and bait on the CPU Es were species-specific. For example, swordfish CPU Es were higher with J-hooks baited with squid, while for targeted tunas and blue shark only the bait effect was significant, but with opposite effect (i.e., higher catches of tuna with squid bait and higher catches of blue shark with mackerel bait). For the discarded species, at-haulback mortality was also species-specific. Proportions of alive vs dead specimens at time of fishing gear retrieval did not vary significantly by hook style or bait type combinations. The total retained catch was analyzed in value per unit effort (VPU E), and indicated losses in fishery revenue when mackerel was used instead of squid, but not when circle hooks were used instead of J-hooks. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@article{
 title = {Effects of small (13/0) circle hooks on loggerhead sea turtle bycatch in a smallscale, italian pelagic longline fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {719-730},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {2c9fec39-8de9-312c-bbef-62de5615b1c0},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.041Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.123Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Incidental catches by pelagic longline fisheries are recognized as serious threats to the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758). In the present study, we assessed the effects of small (13/0) circle hooks on the catches of C. caretta in a small-scale, pelagic longline fishery off the southern coast of Ionian Calabria (southern Italy). Experiments were conducted on a commercial fishing vessel using circle hooks (Mustad 13/0, n = 2320) alternated with J-hooks (Mustad No. 4, n = 2322) along 13 longline sets. The mean catch per unit of effort (CPU E) of the target species Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (n = 30) per fishing set and its mean body size did not differ significantly between the two hook types. No significant differences emerged in the sea turtle CPU E for each hook type; however, there was a significant reduction in mean body size with circle hooks due to a decrease in the catch rate of large juvenile loggerhead turtles. Although more data are necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture, the widespread adoption of 13/0 circle hooks has the potential for benefitting large juveniles and nesting adult sea turtles. Our data also suggest that adoption of 13/0 circle hooks would not adversely impact the economic viability of the fishery. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine  &  Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cambiè, Giulia and Muiño, Ramón and Freire, Juan and Mingozzi, Toni},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1041},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Incidental catches by pelagic longline fisheries are recognized as serious threats to the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758). In the present study, we assessed the effects of small (13/0) circle hooks on the catches of C. caretta in a small-scale, pelagic longline fishery off the southern coast of Ionian Calabria (southern Italy). Experiments were conducted on a commercial fishing vessel using circle hooks (Mustad 13/0, n = 2320) alternated with J-hooks (Mustad No. 4, n = 2322) along 13 longline sets. The mean catch per unit of effort (CPU E) of the target species Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (n = 30) per fishing set and its mean body size did not differ significantly between the two hook types. No significant differences emerged in the sea turtle CPU E for each hook type; however, there was a significant reduction in mean body size with circle hooks due to a decrease in the catch rate of large juvenile loggerhead turtles. Although more data are necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture, the widespread adoption of 13/0 circle hooks has the potential for benefitting large juveniles and nesting adult sea turtles. Our data also suggest that adoption of 13/0 circle hooks would not adversely impact the economic viability of the fishery. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@misc{
 title = {Circle hooks in commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries: Research status and needs for improved conservation and management},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {371-391},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {9e1fd189-a9ea-31f2-a87a-53e94dcf3754},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.097Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.754Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The intent of convening the international symposium on circle hooks in research, management, and conservation was to yield a contemporary, science-based assessment of the management and conservation utility of circle hooks in commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries around the globe. The symposium objective was to provide a forum for individuals, organizations, and agencies to share relevant research results and perspectives. Based on the presentations, an examination of the literature, and the collective experience and knowledge of the authors, we provide a brief overview of the current status of circle hook research along with a list of research needs, with a particular focus on science that has the potential to inform managers and stakeholders. progress was made on the definition of a "true circle hook." There was strong recognition that circle hooks represent just one of the tools available to managers for reducing bycatch and release mortality. also defined was the need for an integrative approach that considers strategies that complement the use of circle hooks. some of the research needs identified include a greater emphasis on human dimension studies to identify those factors that may impede adoption of circle hook technology by stakeholders and comparative studies of circle hook performance relative to mouth morphology, dentition, and feeding behavior. While the literature on effective use of circle hooks is growing, there remains a number of unanswered questions that will require study before circle hooks are more widely adopted for conservation and management of aquatic living resources.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Serafy, Joseph E. and Cooke, Steven J. and Diaz, Guillermo A. and Graves, John E. and Hall, Martin and Shivji, Mahmood and Swimmer, Yonat},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2012.1038}
}

The intent of convening the international symposium on circle hooks in research, management, and conservation was to yield a contemporary, science-based assessment of the management and conservation utility of circle hooks in commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries around the globe. The symposium objective was to provide a forum for individuals, organizations, and agencies to share relevant research results and perspectives. Based on the presentations, an examination of the literature, and the collective experience and knowledge of the authors, we provide a brief overview of the current status of circle hook research along with a list of research needs, with a particular focus on science that has the potential to inform managers and stakeholders. progress was made on the definition of a "true circle hook." There was strong recognition that circle hooks represent just one of the tools available to managers for reducing bycatch and release mortality. also defined was the need for an integrative approach that considers strategies that complement the use of circle hooks. some of the research needs identified include a greater emphasis on human dimension studies to identify those factors that may impede adoption of circle hook technology by stakeholders and comparative studies of circle hook performance relative to mouth morphology, dentition, and feeding behavior. While the literature on effective use of circle hooks is growing, there remains a number of unanswered questions that will require study before circle hooks are more widely adopted for conservation and management of aquatic living resources.

@article{
 title = {Can circle hooks improve Western Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, populations?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {755-770},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {ef4e9725-c1c3-307c-8f4d-066888b822df},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.108Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.805Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Although many uncertainties surround the status of western Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792), stock size (B) is considered below and fishing mortality rate (F) above the targets that would allow maximum sustainable yield (MSY). One means of improving status is to implement live-release policies and to employ circle hooks to increase release survival. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a switch to circle hooks to achieve population-level BMSY and FMSY targets. First, we evaluated the scope that exists to employ circle hooks and adopt live-release policies. Second, we decremented recent landings by the reductions that could be achieved through live release and increase in survival between circle hooks and traditional J-hooks. Tird, we projected these landings in the Bayesian surplus production model. Assuming that landings in the non-release fleets remain constant, the current percentages of circle hooks (approximately 25%) and live release (approximately 25%) could reduce landings by 7%–8%. Tis measure alone would have less than a one percentage point increase in probability of improving status. With maximum practicable live release of around 50%, because many fleets market sailfish, and 100% circle hook use, landings could be reduced by 13%–23%. Tis would only have a 0.42–1.36 and 0.45–2.56 percentage point increase in the probability of meeting biomass and fishing mortality targets, respectively. While circle hooks can be a useful tool to convert landed fish to live releases, they are unlikely to meet current targets for western Atlantic sailfish unless combined with other management that would reduce overall landings.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Walter, John F. and Orbesen, Eric S. and Liese, Christopher and Serafy, Joseph E.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1072},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Although many uncertainties surround the status of western Atlantic sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792), stock size (B) is considered below and fishing mortality rate (F) above the targets that would allow maximum sustainable yield (MSY). One means of improving status is to implement live-release policies and to employ circle hooks to increase release survival. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of a switch to circle hooks to achieve population-level BMSY and FMSY targets. First, we evaluated the scope that exists to employ circle hooks and adopt live-release policies. Second, we decremented recent landings by the reductions that could be achieved through live release and increase in survival between circle hooks and traditional J-hooks. Tird, we projected these landings in the Bayesian surplus production model. Assuming that landings in the non-release fleets remain constant, the current percentages of circle hooks (approximately 25%) and live release (approximately 25%) could reduce landings by 7%–8%. Tis measure alone would have less than a one percentage point increase in probability of improving status. With maximum practicable live release of around 50%, because many fleets market sailfish, and 100% circle hook use, landings could be reduced by 13%–23%. Tis would only have a 0.42–1.36 and 0.45–2.56 percentage point increase in the probability of meeting biomass and fishing mortality targets, respectively. While circle hooks can be a useful tool to convert landed fish to live releases, they are unlikely to meet current targets for western Atlantic sailfish unless combined with other management that would reduce overall landings.

@article{
 title = {Effect of circle hook size on reef fish catch rates, species composition, and selectivity in the northern gulf of mexico recreational fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {647-665},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {2a6db0db-99c8-3ef0-90b7-b1d80c39c5e2},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.228Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.323Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The effect of circle hook size on reef fish catch rates, species composition, and selectivity was tested in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery. Fish communities first were sampled at natural (n = 19) and artificial (n = 23) reefs with a micro remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a laser scale. Fishing experiments (n = 69) then were conducted with 9/0, 12/0, and 15/0 circle hooks. Hook size significantly affected fish catch rates, species composition, and size. Small invertivore fishes constituted 33.4% of the catch taken with 9/0 hooks, but were nearly absent from the catch made with larger hook sizes. In contrast, red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860), constituted only 25.3% of fishery species total abundance in video samples, but ranged from 59.1% of the 9/0 hook catch to nearly 90% for 15/0 hooks. A novel maximum likelihood approach was developed to estimate exponential-logistic selectivity functions for each hook size from ROVbased estimates of red snapper size distributions and observed hook-specific catch at size. Both the 9/0 and 12/0 hooks displayed dome-shaped selectivity functions, while the 15/0 hook size was estimated to have a logistic-shaped function. However, observed catch-at-size data displayed a dome-shaped pattern for 15/0 catches when paired with 9/0 hooks, but an indistinct pattern when paired with 12/0 hooks. Overall, study results suggest that regulating circle hook size would affect reef fish catch rates and size in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery, but potential conservation benefits may be confounded by unintended effects.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Patterson, William F. and Porch, Clay E. and Tarnecki, Joseph H. and Strelcheck, Andrew J.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1086},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

The effect of circle hook size on reef fish catch rates, species composition, and selectivity was tested in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery. Fish communities first were sampled at natural (n = 19) and artificial (n = 23) reefs with a micro remotely operated vehicle (ROV) equipped with a laser scale. Fishing experiments (n = 69) then were conducted with 9/0, 12/0, and 15/0 circle hooks. Hook size significantly affected fish catch rates, species composition, and size. Small invertivore fishes constituted 33.4% of the catch taken with 9/0 hooks, but were nearly absent from the catch made with larger hook sizes. In contrast, red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860), constituted only 25.3% of fishery species total abundance in video samples, but ranged from 59.1% of the 9/0 hook catch to nearly 90% for 15/0 hooks. A novel maximum likelihood approach was developed to estimate exponential-logistic selectivity functions for each hook size from ROVbased estimates of red snapper size distributions and observed hook-specific catch at size. Both the 9/0 and 12/0 hooks displayed dome-shaped selectivity functions, while the 15/0 hook size was estimated to have a logistic-shaped function. However, observed catch-at-size data displayed a dome-shaped pattern for 15/0 catches when paired with 9/0 hooks, but an indistinct pattern when paired with 12/0 hooks. Overall, study results suggest that regulating circle hook size would affect reef fish catch rates and size in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery, but potential conservation benefits may be confounded by unintended effects.

@article{
 title = {Effects of hook and bait on sea turtle catches in an equatorial Atlantic pelagic longline fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {683-701},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {65681e66-44a9-3ced-80bc-294b5ede15b7},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.228Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.333Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Here we report a component of the results of the sElEct-pal project, namely marine turtle bycatch composition and rates, hooking location, and status at haulback and at release for several hook-bait combinations in a portuguese commercial longline fishery targeting swordfish in the atlantic equatorial region. In total, 221 longline sets were deployed during the fishing season (february–october) by the portuguese fleet operating in the area. Three different hook types were tested, traditional J-hook (9/0) and two 17/0 circle hooks (non-offset and 10° offset), but only one bait type was used in each set (Scomber spp. or Illex spp.). Four species of sea turtle were caught, most consisting of the olive ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829), and leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761). The highest mean bycatch per unit effort (bpuE) values for both species combined and for the individual species occurred with the J-hook. The 10° offset circle hook baited with mackerel provided a reduction of 88% and 85% on the bycatch rates, for all turtles combined and olive ridleys, respectively. Although hook location was species-specific and only bait appeared to be driving bycatch rate differences, most sea turtles were caught in the mouth, except for leatherbacks. Only hook type contributed significantly to haulback mortality, with J-hooks associated with slightly higher mortality rates.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Santos, Miguel N. and Coelho, Rui and Fernandez-Carvalho, Joana and Amorim, Sérgio},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1065},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Here we report a component of the results of the sElEct-pal project, namely marine turtle bycatch composition and rates, hooking location, and status at haulback and at release for several hook-bait combinations in a portuguese commercial longline fishery targeting swordfish in the atlantic equatorial region. In total, 221 longline sets were deployed during the fishing season (february–october) by the portuguese fleet operating in the area. Three different hook types were tested, traditional J-hook (9/0) and two 17/0 circle hooks (non-offset and 10° offset), but only one bait type was used in each set (Scomber spp. or Illex spp.). Four species of sea turtle were caught, most consisting of the olive ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829), and leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761). The highest mean bycatch per unit effort (bpuE) values for both species combined and for the individual species occurred with the J-hook. The 10° offset circle hook baited with mackerel provided a reduction of 88% and 85% on the bycatch rates, for all turtles combined and olive ridleys, respectively. Although hook location was species-specific and only bait appeared to be driving bycatch rate differences, most sea turtles were caught in the mouth, except for leatherbacks. Only hook type contributed significantly to haulback mortality, with J-hooks associated with slightly higher mortality rates.

@article{
 title = {Effects of 16/0 circle hooks on pelagic fish catches in three south pacific albacore longline fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {485-497},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {6253c274-d185-3d8a-93b1-df711a878e78},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.285Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.399Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Curran, Daniel and Beverly, Steve},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1060},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Circle hook requirements in the gulf of mexico: Applica tion in recreational fisheries and effectiveness for conservation of reef fishes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {667-679},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {de3234de-b66a-3f19-ad52-5d25644f93e9},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.304Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.413Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In 2008, recreational anglers in the us Gulf of mexico were required to use circle hooks when catching federally managed reef fishes (50 C.F.R. 622.41). From June 2009 through november 2010, we observed recreational hook-and-line fishing during for-hire trips off the west coast of florida. Anglers used circle hooks and other hook types in a wide range of sizes from a variety of manufacturers. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of circle hooks toward reducing potentially lethal hooking injuries and the number of undersized reef fishes caught in the florida recreational fishery. For seven out of 10 species evaluated, there were significant reductions in potentially lethal injuries for fish caught with circle hooks compared to all other hook types. Overall, reductions ranged from 30% to 93%. Potentially lethal injuries for red snapper [Lutjanus campechanus (poey, 1860)] were reduced to 6.3% with circle hooks (from 17.1% with other hook types), which was a 63.5% reduction. For gag [Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean, 1879)] and scamp (Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and swain, 1884) potentially lethal injuries were <5.5% for both circle hooks and other hook types and differences were not significant. There was no clear evidence that circle hooks reduced bycatch of undersized fishes when compared to J-hooks. There was an increase in mean fish length with increasing circle hook size for multiple species; however, r 2 values were low and much of the explained variance was unrelated to circle hook size.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sauls, Beverly and Ayala, Oscar},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1055},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

In 2008, recreational anglers in the us Gulf of mexico were required to use circle hooks when catching federally managed reef fishes (50 C.F.R. 622.41). From June 2009 through november 2010, we observed recreational hook-and-line fishing during for-hire trips off the west coast of florida. Anglers used circle hooks and other hook types in a wide range of sizes from a variety of manufacturers. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of circle hooks toward reducing potentially lethal hooking injuries and the number of undersized reef fishes caught in the florida recreational fishery. For seven out of 10 species evaluated, there were significant reductions in potentially lethal injuries for fish caught with circle hooks compared to all other hook types. Overall, reductions ranged from 30% to 93%. Potentially lethal injuries for red snapper [Lutjanus campechanus (poey, 1860)] were reduced to 6.3% with circle hooks (from 17.1% with other hook types), which was a 63.5% reduction. For gag [Mycteroperca microlepis (Goode and Bean, 1879)] and scamp (Mycteroperca phenax Jordan and swain, 1884) potentially lethal injuries were <5.5% for both circle hooks and other hook types and differences were not significant. There was no clear evidence that circle hooks reduced bycatch of undersized fishes when compared to J-hooks. There was an increase in mean fish length with increasing circle hook size for multiple species; however, r 2 values were low and much of the explained variance was unrelated to circle hook size.

@misc{
 title = {Circle hook size and spacing effects on the catch of pacific halibut},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {547-557},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {b7b67c05-0859-3948-8752-3f147df99c01},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.374Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.193Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Joint fishing for halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904) and sablefish
(Anoplopoma fimbria Pallas, 1811) in Alaska in recent years has created questions
about the use of fishing effort data in the halibut stock assessment. The optimum
gear for halibut uses larger hooks and longer spacing than sablefish gear. We
conducted a randomized block fishing experiment to estimate the relative fishing
power of different hook sizes and spacings. The blocks consisted of 12 randomized
treatments, each a combination of one of four hook sizes and four hook spacings. All
possible treatments were not tested because some are not used in the fishery. Each
treatment consisted of a single 100-hook skate of gear. Primary response variables
were the weight of legal-sized halibut for commercial retention and the count of
sub-legal sized fish. The experiment was conducted in a high fish density region
in 2005 and in a lower fish density region in 2007. There was no evidence of an
interaction effect between hook size and hook spacing in either year, for either legalsized
weight or sub-legal count. Hook size had an effect on sub-legal fish counts in
both areas, with highest catches on smaller hooks, but there was evidence of a hook
size effect on legal weight in the high density area. Hook spacing had an effect on
weights and counts with higher catch seen on the longer spacings.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Leaman, Bruce M. and Kaimmer, Stephen M. and Webster, Raymond A.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1059}
}

Joint fishing for halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis Schmidt, 1904) and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria Pallas, 1811) in Alaska in recent years has created questions about the use of fishing effort data in the halibut stock assessment. The optimum gear for halibut uses larger hooks and longer spacing than sablefish gear. We conducted a randomized block fishing experiment to estimate the relative fishing power of different hook sizes and spacings. The blocks consisted of 12 randomized treatments, each a combination of one of four hook sizes and four hook spacings. All possible treatments were not tested because some are not used in the fishery. Each treatment consisted of a single 100-hook skate of gear. Primary response variables were the weight of legal-sized halibut for commercial retention and the count of sub-legal sized fish. The experiment was conducted in a high fish density region in 2005 and in a lower fish density region in 2007. There was no evidence of an interaction effect between hook size and hook spacing in either year, for either legalsized weight or sub-legal count. Hook size had an effect on sub-legal fish counts in both areas, with highest catches on smaller hooks, but there was evidence of a hook size effect on legal weight in the high density area. Hook spacing had an effect on weights and counts with higher catch seen on the longer spacings.

@misc{
 title = {Anatomical hooking location and condition of animals ca ptured with pelagic longlines: The grand banks experiments 2002-2003},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {513-527},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {524010ff-f4e3-3b45-909f-a7c70d0f60a4},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.392Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.477Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Experiments were conducted on the Grand Banks of the North Atlantic\nOcean during 2002-2003 to evaluate the effect of circle hooks and\nmackerel bait on pelagic longline catches and bycatch, and compare the\ntreatments to the industry standards at the time. Circle hooks were\n18/0, and both non-offset and 10 offset were used as separate treatments\nand compared to the 9/0 J-hook control hooks with 10 degrees-30 degrees\noffset. Bait treatment was mackerel (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758),\nwhich was compared to the squid control (Illex spp.). We analyzed the\neffects of hook (one J- and two circle hooks), bait (mackerel and\nsquid), temperature, soak time, and animal length on anatomical hooking\nlocation for seven fish species and two sea turtle species. We also\nanalyzed the effects of the same variables, inclusive and exclusive of\nhooking location, on the odds of boating a dead fish. We found that hook\nwas one of the most important variables in predicting anatomical hooking\nlocation, and that soak time and hook and/or anatomical hooking location\nwere important in predicting the odds of observing a dead animal\nboatside. The importance of the other variables differed by species, and\nfor several species no models were significant for predicting hooking\nlocation or for predicting observed mortality.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Epperly, Sheryan P. and Watson, John W. and Foster, Daniel G. and Shah, Arvind K.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1083}
}

Experiments were conducted on the Grand Banks of the North Atlantic\nOcean during 2002-2003 to evaluate the effect of circle hooks and\nmackerel bait on pelagic longline catches and bycatch, and compare the\ntreatments to the industry standards at the time. Circle hooks were\n18/0, and both non-offset and 10 offset were used as separate treatments\nand compared to the 9/0 J-hook control hooks with 10 degrees-30 degrees\noffset. Bait treatment was mackerel (Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758),\nwhich was compared to the squid control (Illex spp.). We analyzed the\neffects of hook (one J- and two circle hooks), bait (mackerel and\nsquid), temperature, soak time, and animal length on anatomical hooking\nlocation for seven fish species and two sea turtle species. We also\nanalyzed the effects of the same variables, inclusive and exclusive of\nhooking location, on the odds of boating a dead fish. We found that hook\nwas one of the most important variables in predicting anatomical hooking\nlocation, and that soak time and hook and/or anatomical hooking location\nwere important in predicting the odds of observing a dead animal\nboatside. The importance of the other variables differed by species, and\nfor several species no models were significant for predicting hooking\nlocation or for predicting observed mortality.

@article{
 title = {Circle hook performance in the uruguayan pelagic longline fishery},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {499-511},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {8c8e29a0-ffdb-3251-8c6f-9a145f98f078},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.499Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.600Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Circle hooks have been promoted as an alternative to traditional J-hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to minimize bycatch mortality and injury to sea turtles and other marine wildlife. We evaluated the effect of hook type (circle hook vs J-hook) on the catch and length composition of target and non-target species in the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery, for both American-and Spanish-style longlines. The sample unit used for comparing catches was two consecutive sections of the longline, each with a different hook type. For the American-style longline 39,822 hooks were deployed in 108 paired sections, and for the Spanish-style 45,142 hooks were deployed in 238 paired sections. The catch of albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788), was higher with circle hooks with both gears. The catch of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810), also increased with the use of circle hooks, but only with the American-style longline. A decrease was observed in the catch of pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832), with both gears, though it was significant only with the Spanish-style longline. The performance of circle hooks for other target species, such as swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758), and sharks, and for bycatch species including sea turtles and seabirds remains unclear and requires further research. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Domingo, Andrés and Pons, Maite and Jiménez, Sebastián and Miller, Philip and Barceló, Caren and Swimmer, Yonat},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1069},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Circle hooks have been promoted as an alternative to traditional J-hooks in pelagic longline fisheries to minimize bycatch mortality and injury to sea turtles and other marine wildlife. We evaluated the effect of hook type (circle hook vs J-hook) on the catch and length composition of target and non-target species in the Uruguayan pelagic longline fishery, for both American-and Spanish-style longlines. The sample unit used for comparing catches was two consecutive sections of the longline, each with a different hook type. For the American-style longline 39,822 hooks were deployed in 108 paired sections, and for the Spanish-style 45,142 hooks were deployed in 238 paired sections. The catch of albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788), was higher with circle hooks with both gears. The catch of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810), also increased with the use of circle hooks, but only with the American-style longline. A decrease was observed in the catch of pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832), with both gears, though it was significant only with the Spanish-style longline. The performance of circle hooks for other target species, such as swordfish, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758), and sharks, and for bycatch species including sea turtles and seabirds remains unclear and requires further research. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@inproceedings{
 title = {International Symposium on Circle Hooks in Research, Management, and Conservation—Abstracts},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {791-815},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 day = {12},
 city = {Miami},
 id = {9bc85ecb-c5b6-3d58-a7da-e6ee5f617fb6},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.508Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.581Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2012.1031},
 booktitle = {Bulletin of Marine Science}
}

@misc{
 title = {Catch rates with variable strength circle hooks in the Hawaii-based tuna longline fishery},
 type = {misc},
 year = {2012},
 source = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 pages = {425-447},
 volume = {88},
 issue = {3},
 month = {7},
 id = {197e2687-5f4a-3ca3-bec4-67ffc25fd9c5},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.587Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-13T10:54:05.367Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The Hawaii-based deep-set longline fleet targets bigeye tuna [Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)] and infrequently takes false killer whales [FKW , Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846)] as bycatch. From 2004 to 2008 with 20%-26% observer coverage, nine mortalities of and serious injuries to FKW were documented in the deep-set fishery in the Hawaii EE Z, yielding a mean take estimate of 7.3 animals yr-1. Weak hook technology can utilize the size disparity between target and other species to promote the release of larger non-target species. Four vessels tested the catch efficacy and size selectivity of 15/0 "strong" circle hooks (4.5 mm wire diameter) that straighten at 138 kg of pull in comparison with 15/0 "weak" (4.0 mm) that straighten at 93 kg of pull. Vessels alternated hook types throughout the longline gear and maintained a 1:1 ratio of strong and weak hooks. Observers monitored a total of 127 sets of 302,738 hooks, and randomization tests were applied to test for significant differences in catch for 22 species. There were no significant catch differences for bigeye tuna; however, there may be limitations to these inferences because trials were not conducted during spring when larger bigeye tuna are available to the fishery. There were no significant differences in mean length of 15 species. Observers collected 76 straightened hooks, of which six were control and 70 were weak hooks. There was one observation of a FKW released from a stronger circle hook. Overall, there was no statistical reduction in catch rates of bycatch species. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.},
 bibtype = {misc},
 author = {Bigelow, Keith A. and Kerstetter, David W. and Dancho, Matthew G. and Marchetti, Jamie A.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1052}
}

The Hawaii-based deep-set longline fleet targets bigeye tuna [Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839)] and infrequently takes false killer whales [FKW , Pseudorca crassidens (Owen, 1846)] as bycatch. From 2004 to 2008 with 20%-26% observer coverage, nine mortalities of and serious injuries to FKW were documented in the deep-set fishery in the Hawaii EE Z, yielding a mean take estimate of 7.3 animals yr-1. Weak hook technology can utilize the size disparity between target and other species to promote the release of larger non-target species. Four vessels tested the catch efficacy and size selectivity of 15/0 "strong" circle hooks (4.5 mm wire diameter) that straighten at 138 kg of pull in comparison with 15/0 "weak" (4.0 mm) that straighten at 93 kg of pull. Vessels alternated hook types throughout the longline gear and maintained a 1:1 ratio of strong and weak hooks. Observers monitored a total of 127 sets of 302,738 hooks, and randomization tests were applied to test for significant differences in catch for 22 species. There were no significant catch differences for bigeye tuna; however, there may be limitations to these inferences because trials were not conducted during spring when larger bigeye tuna are available to the fishery. There were no significant differences in mean length of 15 species. Observers collected 76 straightened hooks, of which six were control and 70 were weak hooks. There was one observation of a FKW released from a stronger circle hook. Overall, there was no statistical reduction in catch rates of bycatch species. © 2012 Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

@article{
 title = {Can circle hook offset combined with baiting technique affect catch and bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {589-603},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {0767ae2c-5607-37f4-8598-311068ba0d9f},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.599Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.695Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Circle hooks have become a standard requirement in many commercial longline fisheries in the united states, and are used increasingly worldwide. Circle hooks, when compared to J-hooks, are thought to reduce bycatch without significantly decreasing (and possibly increasing) catch of most target species. Circle hook offset and baiting technique are also thought to influence bycatch and mortality of species of concern, such as sea turtles and billfishes. We compared non-offset circle hooks to those with a 10° offset and single or threaded baiting techniques in the united states atlantic and gulf of mexico pelagic longline fishery. Offset and/or baiting techniques were compared within sets targeting one of three species independently: swordfish, <i>Xiphias gladius</i> linnaeus, 1758, yellowfin tuna, <i>Thunnus albacares</i> (bonnaterre, 1788), and bigeye tuna, <i>Thunnus obesus</i> (lowe, 1839). Most comparisons of catch and bycatch did not differ between gears or techniques. In swordfish-directed sets, we found a 46% decline in catch of atlantic sailfish when using 18/0 non-offset circle hooks single baited with mackerel compared to 18/0 10° offset circle hooks with threaded mackerel. In yellowfin tuna sets, single baiting significantly decreased target catch by 22% and escolar catch by 28%, compared to threaded baiting. We detected no significant effect of any of the offset or baiting treatments on the bycatch of sea turtles and most other species of concern due to the rarity of capture events. We conclude, in part, that bycatch mitigation research in other fisheries with larger detrimental population level impacts to species of concern may potentially yield greater conservation benefits.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Richards, Paul M. and Epperly, Sheryan P. and Watson, John W. and Foster, Daniel G. and Bergmann, Charles E. and Beideman, Nelson R.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1085},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

Circle hooks have become a standard requirement in many commercial longline fisheries in the united states, and are used increasingly worldwide. Circle hooks, when compared to J-hooks, are thought to reduce bycatch without significantly decreasing (and possibly increasing) catch of most target species. Circle hook offset and baiting technique are also thought to influence bycatch and mortality of species of concern, such as sea turtles and billfishes. We compared non-offset circle hooks to those with a 10° offset and single or threaded baiting techniques in the united states atlantic and gulf of mexico pelagic longline fishery. Offset and/or baiting techniques were compared within sets targeting one of three species independently: swordfish, Xiphias gladius linnaeus, 1758, yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (bonnaterre, 1788), and bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (lowe, 1839). Most comparisons of catch and bycatch did not differ between gears or techniques. In swordfish-directed sets, we found a 46% decline in catch of atlantic sailfish when using 18/0 non-offset circle hooks single baited with mackerel compared to 18/0 10° offset circle hooks with threaded mackerel. In yellowfin tuna sets, single baiting significantly decreased target catch by 22% and escolar catch by 28%, compared to threaded baiting. We detected no significant effect of any of the offset or baiting treatments on the bycatch of sea turtles and most other species of concern due to the rarity of capture events. We conclude, in part, that bycatch mitigation research in other fisheries with larger detrimental population level impacts to species of concern may potentially yield greater conservation benefits.

@article{
 title = {Identification of biomarkers indicative of barotrauma and recovery in black rockfish Sebastes melanops},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Fish,Gene expression,Microarray,Non-model organism},
 pages = {181-196},
 volume = {81},
 month = {7},
 id = {aae3ebe3-648f-3e64-be1a-696a9b847a25},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.518Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:40:35.352Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A Sebastes-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray was developed to identify potential biomarkers involved in the capture stress and recovery of Sebastes species if they are assisted in returning to their original depth of capture following barotrauma. Black rockfish Sebastes melanops were exposed to simulated decompression from 450 kPa (c. 35 m depth) (which resulted in barotrauma) and subsequent recompression. Sebastes melanops were sampled for liver tissue at days 3, 15 and 31 post-barotrauma. Potential candidate genes were identified from the microarray and then quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) was used to validate expression levels in biological replicates. Six potential biomarkers associated with the innate immune system were identified that were up-regulated in liver tissue at 3 days post-barotrauma: complement C1q-like protein 2, complement component C3, complement regulatory plasma protein, serum amyloid A-5, c-type lysozyme and hepcidin precursor type I. In addition, complement c1q was correlated to the presence of a ruptured swimbladder, providing further support that this gene may be a good biomarker of injury and recovery. Immune genes were no longer up-regulated at day 31 post-barotrauma, a good indication of recovery in S. melanops.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pribyl, A. L. and Schreck, C. B. and Parker, S. J. and Weis, V. M.},
 doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03322.x},
 journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
 number = {1}
}

A Sebastes-specific complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray was developed to identify potential biomarkers involved in the capture stress and recovery of Sebastes species if they are assisted in returning to their original depth of capture following barotrauma. Black rockfish Sebastes melanops were exposed to simulated decompression from 450 kPa (c. 35 m depth) (which resulted in barotrauma) and subsequent recompression. Sebastes melanops were sampled for liver tissue at days 3, 15 and 31 post-barotrauma. Potential candidate genes were identified from the microarray and then quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) was used to validate expression levels in biological replicates. Six potential biomarkers associated with the innate immune system were identified that were up-regulated in liver tissue at 3 days post-barotrauma: complement C1q-like protein 2, complement component C3, complement regulatory plasma protein, serum amyloid A-5, c-type lysozyme and hepcidin precursor type I. In addition, complement c1q was correlated to the presence of a ruptured swimbladder, providing further support that this gene may be a good biomarker of injury and recovery. Immune genes were no longer up-regulated at day 31 post-barotrauma, a good indication of recovery in S. melanops.

@article{
 title = {Use of a novel cage system to measure post-recompression survival of NE Pacific rockfish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Sebastes,barotrauma,caging systems,discard mortality,recompression 31},
 pages = {46-56},
 volume = {4},
 id = {91510b1f-9bf9-30e1-b1f1-581643c8c257},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.309Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.453Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We used a caging system designed to minimize the adverse effects of caging fish in marine waters to evaluate discard mortality of 7 rockfish (Sebastes) species with barotrauma. In total, 288 rockfish were captured, scored for barotrauma, evaluated behaviorally at the surface and caged individually on the seafloor for 48 h to determine survival. With the exception of 3 blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus), condition of surviving fish after cage confinements from 41-71 h was excellent. At capture depths up to 54 m, survival was 100% for yelloweye (S. ruberrimus, n=25) and copper rockfish (S. caurinus, n=10) and 78% for blue rockfish (n=36). At capture depths up to 64 m, survival was 100% for canary (S. pinniger, n=41) and quillback rockfish (S. maliger, n=28) and 90% for black rockfish (S. melanops, n=144). Black rockfish survival was negatively associated with capture depth (m, P<0.01) and with surface-bottom temperature differential (°C, P<0.01). Blue rockfish survival was negatively associated with capture depth (P<0.01). Barotrauma signs and surface behavior scores were not good indicators of survival potential across species, but were useful within species. In black and blue rockfish, severe barotrauma was negatively associated with survival, while higher scores on reflex behaviors at the surface were positively associated with survival (P<0.01). The high survival rates and excellent condition of some species in this study suggest that requiring hook-and-line fishers to use recompression devices to help discarded rockfish return to depth may increase survival for some species.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hannah, Robert W and Rankin, Polly S. and Blume, Matthew T O},
 journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management and Ecosystem Science},
 number = {1}
}

We used a caging system designed to minimize the adverse effects of caging fish in marine waters to evaluate discard mortality of 7 rockfish (Sebastes) species with barotrauma. In total, 288 rockfish were captured, scored for barotrauma, evaluated behaviorally at the surface and caged individually on the seafloor for 48 h to determine survival. With the exception of 3 blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus), condition of surviving fish after cage confinements from 41-71 h was excellent. At capture depths up to 54 m, survival was 100% for yelloweye (S. ruberrimus, n=25) and copper rockfish (S. caurinus, n=10) and 78% for blue rockfish (n=36). At capture depths up to 64 m, survival was 100% for canary (S. pinniger, n=41) and quillback rockfish (S. maliger, n=28) and 90% for black rockfish (S. melanops, n=144). Black rockfish survival was negatively associated with capture depth (m, P<0.01) and with surface-bottom temperature differential (°C, P<0.01). Blue rockfish survival was negatively associated with capture depth (P<0.01). Barotrauma signs and surface behavior scores were not good indicators of survival potential across species, but were useful within species. In black and blue rockfish, severe barotrauma was negatively associated with survival, while higher scores on reflex behaviors at the surface were positively associated with survival (P<0.01). The high survival rates and excellent condition of some species in this study suggest that requiring hook-and-line fishers to use recompression devices to help discarded rockfish return to depth may increase survival for some species.

@article{
 title = {Survival of red grouper (epinephalus morio) and red snapper (lutjanus campechanus) caught on j-ho ks and circle hooks in the florida recreational and recreational-for-hire fisheries},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {633-646},
 volume = {88},
 month = {7},
 id = {27202d7d-4318-3a80-9221-4eaca1c87299},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.619Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.715Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We documented survival of released sublegal red grouper, Epinephalus morio (Valenciennes, 1828), and red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1868), caught on circle and J-hooks by recreational anglers in Florida waters. Immediate hook mortality was 20.0% for red grouper and 49.1% for red snapper. Delayed (5 d) hook mortality from blood loss of J-hook nicked internal organs differed between red grouper (7%) and red snapper (29%). Delayed mortality from starvation was observed for five emaciated red snapper with severed esophagi from prior hook injuries. Different survival rates were correlated with feeding behavior, jaw morphology, and prey residence time. Mean (±SD) prey residence time in the mouth was significantly longer for red grouper (6.62 ± 0.42 s) than red snapper (3.73 ± 0.29 s) possibly resulting in more red grouper being mouth hooked than red snapper, which were more likely to swallow bait and become gut hooked. Jaw morphology and feeding behavior may predict release survival for other species. Tag recapture rates used as a surrogate for survival were significantly higher for tagged red grouper initially caught on circle hooks (14.0%, n = 121 recaptures; 863 tagged) than on J-hooks (7.3%, n = 287 recaptures; 3935 tagged). Conversely, recapture rates were significantly higher for red snapper initially caught on J-hooks (12.5%, n = 269 recaptures; 2145 tagged) than circle hooks (8.1%, n = 258 recaptures; 3172 tagged). Mandatory regulations implementing the use of circle hooks when targeting all reef fish species may not provide the intended conservation benefits.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Burns, Karen M. and Froeschke, John T.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2011.1057},
 journal = {Bulletin of Marine Science},
 number = {3}
}

We documented survival of released sublegal red grouper, Epinephalus morio (Valenciennes, 1828), and red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1868), caught on circle and J-hooks by recreational anglers in Florida waters. Immediate hook mortality was 20.0% for red grouper and 49.1% for red snapper. Delayed (5 d) hook mortality from blood loss of J-hook nicked internal organs differed between red grouper (7%) and red snapper (29%). Delayed mortality from starvation was observed for five emaciated red snapper with severed esophagi from prior hook injuries. Different survival rates were correlated with feeding behavior, jaw morphology, and prey residence time. Mean (±SD) prey residence time in the mouth was significantly longer for red grouper (6.62 ± 0.42 s) than red snapper (3.73 ± 0.29 s) possibly resulting in more red grouper being mouth hooked than red snapper, which were more likely to swallow bait and become gut hooked. Jaw morphology and feeding behavior may predict release survival for other species. Tag recapture rates used as a surrogate for survival were significantly higher for tagged red grouper initially caught on circle hooks (14.0%, n = 121 recaptures; 863 tagged) than on J-hooks (7.3%, n = 287 recaptures; 3935 tagged). Conversely, recapture rates were significantly higher for red snapper initially caught on J-hooks (12.5%, n = 269 recaptures; 2145 tagged) than circle hooks (8.1%, n = 258 recaptures; 3172 tagged). Mandatory regulations implementing the use of circle hooks when targeting all reef fish species may not provide the intended conservation benefits.

@article{
 title = {Assessing barotrauma among angled snapper (Pagrus auratus) and the utility of release methods},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Angling,Barotrauma,Pagrus auratus,Recompression,Snapper,Venting},
 pages = {49-55},
 volume = {127-128},
 month = {9},
 id = {e9ae4e9f-7a9b-3336-8ea2-9b96f8b6165d},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.626Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.754Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Australian recreational and commercial fishers catch snapper (Pagrus auratus) from down to ∼120. m, often evoking barotrauma. Owing to minimum legal sizes and quotas or non-consumptive fishing practices, some afflicted fish are released, raising concerns over the potential for unaccounted fishing mortality. Two experiments were completed to quantify the (1) clinical signs of barotrauma among fish angled from 6 to 120. m (experiment 1) and (2) mortality (over 3. d) of fish with barotrauma that were released following either no treatment, venting (e.g. needle) or recompression (e.g. release weight) (experiment 2). In experiment 1, barotrauma was evident in some fish angled from 11. m and all from >20. m. Fish were considered to have barotrauma if they had a prolapsed cloaca combined with a distended coelomic cavity and/or gastric herniation into the buccal cavity. Despite similar clinical signs among fish in experiment 2, none died, however, the associated trauma raises welfare concerns. Both recompression and venting offered benefits over no treatment by returning fish to depth quickly and releasing gases, respectively. Nevertheless, the release method should be dictated by the clinical signs of barotrauma and extrinsic conditions, including the competency of the fisher (e.g. for venting), presence of predators (e.g. for recompression), and exposure to sun or warm water (e.g. no treatment). More selective gears, spatial and temporal closures, or possibly replacing minimum legal sizes with quotas in deep water only could also reduce the frequency of barotrauma among released P. auratus and therefore, negative impacts on stocks. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butcher, Paul A. and Broadhurst, Matt K. and Hall, Karina C. and Cullis, Brian R. and Raidal, Shane R.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2012.04.013},
 journal = {Fisheries Research}
}

Australian recreational and commercial fishers catch snapper (Pagrus auratus) from down to ∼120. m, often evoking barotrauma. Owing to minimum legal sizes and quotas or non-consumptive fishing practices, some afflicted fish are released, raising concerns over the potential for unaccounted fishing mortality. Two experiments were completed to quantify the (1) clinical signs of barotrauma among fish angled from 6 to 120. m (experiment 1) and (2) mortality (over 3. d) of fish with barotrauma that were released following either no treatment, venting (e.g. needle) or recompression (e.g. release weight) (experiment 2). In experiment 1, barotrauma was evident in some fish angled from 11. m and all from >20. m. Fish were considered to have barotrauma if they had a prolapsed cloaca combined with a distended coelomic cavity and/or gastric herniation into the buccal cavity. Despite similar clinical signs among fish in experiment 2, none died, however, the associated trauma raises welfare concerns. Both recompression and venting offered benefits over no treatment by returning fish to depth quickly and releasing gases, respectively. Nevertheless, the release method should be dictated by the clinical signs of barotrauma and extrinsic conditions, including the competency of the fisher (e.g. for venting), presence of predators (e.g. for recompression), and exposure to sun or warm water (e.g. no treatment). More selective gears, spatial and temporal closures, or possibly replacing minimum legal sizes with quotas in deep water only could also reduce the frequency of barotrauma among released P. auratus and therefore, negative impacts on stocks. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..

@article{
 title = {Descriptions of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Bottom Longline and Vertical Line Fisheries Based on Observer Data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {1-26},
 volume = {73},
 id = {9fc15cc5-430a-3393-8241-166aeaffeaa5},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.721Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:49:45.358Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In July 2006, a mandatory observer program was implemented to
characterize the commercial reef fish fishery operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
The primary gear types assessed included
bottom longline and vertical line (bandit
and handline). A total of 73,205 fish (183
taxa) were observed in the longline fishery.
Most (66%) were red grouper, Epinephelus morio, and yellowedge grouper, E.
flavolimbatus. In the vertical line fishery,
89,015 fish (178 taxa) were observed of
which most (60%) were red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and vermilion snapper,
Rhomboplites aurorubens. Based on surface observations of discarded under-sized
target and unwanted species, the majority of fish were released alive; minimum
assumed mortality was 23% for the vertical
line and 24% for the bottom longline fish- ery. Of the individuals released alive in the
longline fishery, 42% had visual signs of
barotrauma stress (air bladder expansion/
and or eyes protruding). In the vertical line
fishery, 35% of the fish were released in a
stressed state. Red grouper and red snapper size composition by depth and gear type
were determined. Catch-per-unit-effort for
dominant species in both fisheries, illustrated spatial differences in distribution
between the eastern and western Gulf.
Hot Spot Analyses for red grouper and red
snapper identified areas with significant
clustering of high or low CPUE values.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Scott-Denton, undefined},
 journal = {Marine Fisheries Review},
 number = {2}
}

In July 2006, a mandatory observer program was implemented to characterize the commercial reef fish fishery operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. The primary gear types assessed included bottom longline and vertical line (bandit and handline). A total of 73,205 fish (183 taxa) were observed in the longline fishery. Most (66%) were red grouper, Epinephelus morio, and yellowedge grouper, E. flavolimbatus. In the vertical line fishery, 89,015 fish (178 taxa) were observed of which most (60%) were red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens. Based on surface observations of discarded under-sized target and unwanted species, the majority of fish were released alive; minimum assumed mortality was 23% for the vertical line and 24% for the bottom longline fish- ery. Of the individuals released alive in the longline fishery, 42% had visual signs of barotrauma stress (air bladder expansion/ and or eyes protruding). In the vertical line fishery, 35% of the fish were released in a stressed state. Red grouper and red snapper size composition by depth and gear type were determined. Catch-per-unit-effort for dominant species in both fisheries, illustrated spatial differences in distribution between the eastern and western Gulf. Hot Spot Analyses for red grouper and red snapper identified areas with significant clustering of high or low CPUE values.

@article{
 title = {Effects of barotrauma and mitigation methods on released Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 keywords = {Angling,Freshwater fish,Post-release mortality,Recompression,Swimbladder,Venting},
 pages = {1130-1145},
 volume = {79},
 month = {11},
 id = {120a7a18-dee3-3b68-919f-5363c2101636},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.253Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:43:25.480Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The effects of barotrauma on the short-term mortality and physical condition of Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata were investigated after being: (1) conventionally angled and released during two tournaments in deep impoundments and (2) released untreated or subjected to venting or recompression during a manipulative experiment. All fish were released into two 20 m deep bathy-cages and monitored for 3 days. Of 238 M. novemaculeata angled during the tournaments, 43 (18·1%) had clinical signs of barotrauma or were vented and five of these later died (11·6% mortality). Catch histories varied significantly between both barotrauma and non-barotrauma fish and tournaments, but only hook ingestion significantly influenced mortality (P < 0·05). During the manipulative experiment, venting significantly influenced mortality (13·3%) compared to no treatment or recompression (no deaths). Magnetic resonance images and dissections of barotrauma fish indicated large variation among clinical signs. On the basis of these results, wherever possible M. novemaculeata suffering barotrauma should be immediately released with no treatment. Fish that are unable to resubmerge should be recompressed, while those held in live wells and released in shallow water should be vented. © 2011 NSW DPI. Journal of Fish Biology © 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roach, J. P. and Hall, K. C. and Broadhurst, M. K.},
 doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03096.x},
 journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
 number = {5}
}

The effects of barotrauma on the short-term mortality and physical condition of Australian bass Macquaria novemaculeata were investigated after being: (1) conventionally angled and released during two tournaments in deep impoundments and (2) released untreated or subjected to venting or recompression during a manipulative experiment. All fish were released into two 20 m deep bathy-cages and monitored for 3 days. Of 238 M. novemaculeata angled during the tournaments, 43 (18·1%) had clinical signs of barotrauma or were vented and five of these later died (11·6% mortality). Catch histories varied significantly between both barotrauma and non-barotrauma fish and tournaments, but only hook ingestion significantly influenced mortality (P < 0·05). During the manipulative experiment, venting significantly influenced mortality (13·3%) compared to no treatment or recompression (no deaths). Magnetic resonance images and dissections of barotrauma fish indicated large variation among clinical signs. On the basis of these results, wherever possible M. novemaculeata suffering barotrauma should be immediately released with no treatment. Fish that are unable to resubmerge should be recompressed, while those held in live wells and released in shallow water should be vented. © 2011 NSW DPI. Journal of Fish Biology © 2011 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

@article{
 title = {Recovery of visual performance in rosy rockfish (Sebastes rosaceus) following exophthalmia resulting from barotrauma},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Catch-and-release,Exophthalmia,Optokinetic,Rockfish,Sebastes},
 pages = {1-7},
 volume = {112},
 month = {12},
 id = {86dce9d9-a898-3864-ab3f-a7f9a2fd94b1},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.331Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.440Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Rapid ascent during fishing capture can cause exophthalmia ('pop eye') in physoclistic fishes, resulting in stretching of the optic nerves and extraocular muscles, but it is not known whether exophthalmia affects vision temporarily or permanently. We used the optokinetic reflex test to assess changes in visual performance of rosy rockfish (Sebastes rosaceus) that had experienced exophthalmia. Vision was functional 4 days after recompression and was improved after 1 month of recovery evidenced by individuals being able to track both smaller and faster-moving gratings. Our results suggest that, after recompression, rosy rockfish recover from exophthalmia fairly rapidly and perhaps fast enough to minimize significant adverse impacts on survival. This measured recovery from exophthalmia, in addition to evidence of high short-term, post-release survivorship, shows that recompression of unwanted rosy rockfish may be a viable management technique, and may be appropriate for other rockfish species, some of which are at low population densities due to high fishing pressure. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rogers, Bonnie L. and Lowe, Christopher G. and Fernández-Juricic, Esteban},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2011.08.001},
 journal = {Fisheries Research},
 number = {1-2}
}

Rapid ascent during fishing capture can cause exophthalmia ('pop eye') in physoclistic fishes, resulting in stretching of the optic nerves and extraocular muscles, but it is not known whether exophthalmia affects vision temporarily or permanently. We used the optokinetic reflex test to assess changes in visual performance of rosy rockfish (Sebastes rosaceus) that had experienced exophthalmia. Vision was functional 4 days after recompression and was improved after 1 month of recovery evidenced by individuals being able to track both smaller and faster-moving gratings. Our results suggest that, after recompression, rosy rockfish recover from exophthalmia fairly rapidly and perhaps fast enough to minimize significant adverse impacts on survival. This measured recovery from exophthalmia, in addition to evidence of high short-term, post-release survivorship, shows that recompression of unwanted rosy rockfish may be a viable management technique, and may be appropriate for other rockfish species, some of which are at low population densities due to high fishing pressure. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

@article{
 title = {The effectiveness of deepwater release at improving the survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {852-860},
 volume = {31},
 month = {1},
 day = {1},
 id = {a7a94859-88de-35f5-8a85-ffa2ca292c3a},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.124Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:35:02.090Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The effectiveness of deepwater release at improving the 17-d survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus was determined by comparing an estimate of survival for individuals released at depth with an estimate of submergence probability for individuals released at the water's surface. A mark-recapture study was used to generate a maximum likelihood estimate of the 17-d survival probability of yelloweye rockfish (n = 182) caught by hook and line (depth = 18-72 m) and subsequently released at depth. The average Cormack-Jolly-Seber survival probability for yelloweye rockfish released at depth was remarkably high (0.988; 95% confidence interval = 0.478-0.999) and positively correlated with individual total length. Survival probability was not significantly influenced by the range of capture depths explored in this study or by exposure to barotrauma and other capture stressors. The submergence success of yelloweye rockfish released at the water's surface was 0.221 (95% confidence interval = 0.149-0.315), suggesting that the maximum survival potential of individuals released at the surface is low. The results of this study indicate that the average survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish can be substantially improved by deepwater release.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hochhalter, Samuel J. and Reed, Daniel J.},
 doi = {10.1080/02755947.2011.629718},
 journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
 number = {5}
}

The effectiveness of deepwater release at improving the 17-d survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus was determined by comparing an estimate of survival for individuals released at depth with an estimate of submergence probability for individuals released at the water's surface. A mark-recapture study was used to generate a maximum likelihood estimate of the 17-d survival probability of yelloweye rockfish (n = 182) caught by hook and line (depth = 18-72 m) and subsequently released at depth. The average Cormack-Jolly-Seber survival probability for yelloweye rockfish released at depth was remarkably high (0.988; 95% confidence interval = 0.478-0.999) and positively correlated with individual total length. Survival probability was not significantly influenced by the range of capture depths explored in this study or by exposure to barotrauma and other capture stressors. The submergence success of yelloweye rockfish released at the water's surface was 0.221 (95% confidence interval = 0.149-0.315), suggesting that the maximum survival potential of individuals released at the surface is low. The results of this study indicate that the average survival of discarded yelloweye rockfish can be substantially improved by deepwater release.

@inproceedings{
 title = {Ingredients for addressing the challenges of fisheries bycatch},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2011},
 pages = {235-250},
 volume = {87},
 issue = {2},
 month = {4},
 id = {7561ff84-a087-33cf-a756-e212b3c6cbb4},
 created = {2019-09-17T18:56:44.322Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-17T18:56:44.398Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Minimizing fisheries bycatch, the incidental capture of non-target species, is a global environmental challenge. In many regions, bycatch of imperiled species is one of a number of issues that threatens species viability and impedes the development of sustainable fisheries. Effectively addressing bycatch of species of conservation concern and improving fisheries sustainability require cross-sectoral integration of information on the biological, socioeconomic, and political contexts of each fishery. Several gaps present simultaneous challenges, including: limited engagement with fisher communities, a lack of data, a need for more robust analyses of available data, and a need for coordinated governance from local to global scales. Here we present a framework to address fisheries bycatch that builds on established methods in community collaboration and engagement, field-based interviews, quantitative bycatch analyses, and ocean policy governance. Although these individual approaches to reduce bycatch are well established, there has yet to be a comprehensive application of an integrated approach. We review these essential approaches and present a broadly applicable model for their integration.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Lewison, R. L. and Soykan, C. U. and Cox, T. and Peckham, H. and Pilcher, N. and Leboeuf, N. and McDonald, S. and Moore, J. and Safina, C. and Crowder, L. B.},
 doi = {10.5343/bms.2010.1062},
 booktitle = {Bulletin of Marine Science}
}

Minimizing fisheries bycatch, the incidental capture of non-target species, is a global environmental challenge. In many regions, bycatch of imperiled species is one of a number of issues that threatens species viability and impedes the development of sustainable fisheries. Effectively addressing bycatch of species of conservation concern and improving fisheries sustainability require cross-sectoral integration of information on the biological, socioeconomic, and political contexts of each fishery. Several gaps present simultaneous challenges, including: limited engagement with fisher communities, a lack of data, a need for more robust analyses of available data, and a need for coordinated governance from local to global scales. Here we present a framework to address fisheries bycatch that builds on established methods in community collaboration and engagement, field-based interviews, quantitative bycatch analyses, and ocean policy governance. Although these individual approaches to reduce bycatch are well established, there has yet to be a comprehensive application of an integrated approach. We review these essential approaches and present a broadly applicable model for their integration.

@article{
 title = {Barotrauma in Snapper},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {6},
 id = {3dfab551-90dc-34ee-9c66-442f0acd4b1d},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.047Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.135Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butcher, P., Broadhurst, M., Hall, K., Brand, C.},
 journal = {Go Fishing}
}

@article{
 title = {Commercial catch composition with discard and immediate release mortality proportions off the southeastern coast of the United States},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Bycatch,Catch composition,Discard proportion,Release mortality,Snapper-grouper complex},
 pages = {18-24},
 volume = {103},
 month = {4},
 id = {41426170-99b8-3902-8f05-d5d559127465},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.688Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.610Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The snapper-grouper fishery off the coast of the southeastern United States contains many exploited species that are governed under a multitude of species-specific regulations. Despite ample information on landed commercial catches, there is a critical need to characterize the entire commercial catch to identify catch composition, discard proportion and immediate release mortality proportions. This study recorded the lengths of all fish caught on a commercial snapper-grouper vessel and their subsequent disposition. Over 40 fishing days, the captain captured 55 species, but the majority of the catch (97%) was comprised of just 8 species (vermilion snapper, gray triggerfish, red porgy, black sea bass, tomtate, scamp, greater amberjack, and Almaco jack). Discard proportions were low overall, but varied by species, while immediate release mortality proportions were generally high (>40%). Species with high discard proportions were red porgy (56%), scamp (44%), bank sea bass (46%), and red snapper (42%). Three of these species also had high immediate release mortality proportions: red porgy - 82%, scamp - 98%, and red snapper - 93%. Species with both high discard proportions and high immediate release mortality proportions might indicate that current management regulations are not adequately protecting these stocks, as a large number of discarded fish do not survive.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stephen, Jessica A. and Harris, Patrick J.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2010.01.007},
 journal = {Fisheries Research},
 number = {1-3}
}

The snapper-grouper fishery off the coast of the southeastern United States contains many exploited species that are governed under a multitude of species-specific regulations. Despite ample information on landed commercial catches, there is a critical need to characterize the entire commercial catch to identify catch composition, discard proportion and immediate release mortality proportions. This study recorded the lengths of all fish caught on a commercial snapper-grouper vessel and their subsequent disposition. Over 40 fishing days, the captain captured 55 species, but the majority of the catch (97%) was comprised of just 8 species (vermilion snapper, gray triggerfish, red porgy, black sea bass, tomtate, scamp, greater amberjack, and Almaco jack). Discard proportions were low overall, but varied by species, while immediate release mortality proportions were generally high (>40%). Species with high discard proportions were red porgy (56%), scamp (44%), bank sea bass (46%), and red snapper (42%). Three of these species also had high immediate release mortality proportions: red porgy - 82%, scamp - 98%, and red snapper - 93%. Species with both high discard proportions and high immediate release mortality proportions might indicate that current management regulations are not adequately protecting these stocks, as a large number of discarded fish do not survive.

@phdthesis{
 title = {A Macroscopic to Microscopic Study of the Effects of Barotrauma and the Potential for Long-term Survival in Pacific Rockfish},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {173},
 id = {30c2ae5b-bf07-3395-a3ff-3f8d46769de5},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.613Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.783Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {approved: _____________________________________________________________________ Carl. B. Schreck Steven J. Parker Depleted species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) from the Northeast Pacific experience high discard mortality due to "barotrauma," induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Research suggests rockfish have the potential to survive barotrauma if immediately recompressed, but the potential for long-term recovery is unknown. In this project, we studied the injuries that occur in rockfish during barotrauma and the potential for rockfish to recover from these injuries using a macroscopic to microscopic to molecular approach. We first assessed multiple species of rockfish for macroscopic and tissue-level injuries as a result of barotrauma; these injuries tended to be species-specific and included ruptured swimbladders, emphysema in the heart ventricle, emboli in the rete mirabile, and emboli in the head kidney. Next we investigated the potential for longer-term recovery in black rockfish (S. melanops) that underwent simulated decompression from 4.5 ATA (35 m depth) and subsequent recompression using hyperbaric pressure chambers. We assessed recovery over a 31 day period at three different time points at the macroscopic level, tissue level, blood level, and molecular level. Macroscopic and tissue},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Pribyl, A. L.}
}

approved: _____________________________________________________________________ Carl. B. Schreck Steven J. Parker Depleted species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) from the Northeast Pacific experience high discard mortality due to "barotrauma," induced from the rapid change in pressure during capture. Research suggests rockfish have the potential to survive barotrauma if immediately recompressed, but the potential for long-term recovery is unknown. In this project, we studied the injuries that occur in rockfish during barotrauma and the potential for rockfish to recover from these injuries using a macroscopic to microscopic to molecular approach. We first assessed multiple species of rockfish for macroscopic and tissue-level injuries as a result of barotrauma; these injuries tended to be species-specific and included ruptured swimbladders, emphysema in the heart ventricle, emboli in the rete mirabile, and emboli in the head kidney. Next we investigated the potential for longer-term recovery in black rockfish (S. melanops) that underwent simulated decompression from 4.5 ATA (35 m depth) and subsequent recompression using hyperbaric pressure chambers. We assessed recovery over a 31 day period at three different time points at the macroscopic level, tissue level, blood level, and molecular level. Macroscopic and tissue

@article{
 title = {Long-term Site Fidelity of Tagged Red Hinds (Epinephelus guttatus) at Two Spawning Aggregation Sites in Bermuda},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {agregación de desove,agregación de desove en,bermuda,en dos sitios de,epinephelus guttatus,etiquetó mero cabrilla,la fidelidad a largo,la migración de retorno,mero cabrilla,palabras clave,plazo del sitio de,red hind,return migration,spawning aggregation,tagging},
 pages = {188-192},
 volume = {63},
 id = {1d537060-3693-3897-ad3c-8ffad80bb397},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.745Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:02:12.207Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The results of a multi-year tagging program of red hind (Epinephelus guttatus) at two spawning aggregation sites (NE1 and SW1) in Bermuda are presented. From 1995-2004, a total of 968 red hinds were caught, tagged and released, primarily at spawning aggregation sites, and were recaptured by hook and line fishing. Fishing and tagging effort were concentrated during the summer spawning period at the two aggregation sites. During the spawning period in 1997, a total of 105 red hinds were tagged and displaced between SW1 and NE1. Subsequent recapture of displaced fish yielded rates of 4.2% (SW1) and 10% (NE1) demonstrating a return straight-line migration distance of 50.7 km. The mean tag-recapture rate for the entire tagging program varied between aggregation sites (NE1 = 30.8%, SW1 = 14.0%) and the mean overall tag-recapture rate was 16.8%. The majority of recaptures occurred either in the same spawning month in which tagging took place or at approximate intervals of one, two or three years, often in the same month each year, suggesting some consistency in presence on site during the spawning period. The longest period at liberty of a tagged fish was in excess of five years. Although many of the tagged fish were recaptured more than once, the maximum number of recaptures of a given tagged fish was four.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Luckhurst, Brian},
 journal = {Proceedings of the 63rd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute}
}

The results of a multi-year tagging program of red hind (Epinephelus guttatus) at two spawning aggregation sites (NE1 and SW1) in Bermuda are presented. From 1995-2004, a total of 968 red hinds were caught, tagged and released, primarily at spawning aggregation sites, and were recaptured by hook and line fishing. Fishing and tagging effort were concentrated during the summer spawning period at the two aggregation sites. During the spawning period in 1997, a total of 105 red hinds were tagged and displaced between SW1 and NE1. Subsequent recapture of displaced fish yielded rates of 4.2% (SW1) and 10% (NE1) demonstrating a return straight-line migration distance of 50.7 km. The mean tag-recapture rate for the entire tagging program varied between aggregation sites (NE1 = 30.8%, SW1 = 14.0%) and the mean overall tag-recapture rate was 16.8%. The majority of recaptures occurred either in the same spawning month in which tagging took place or at approximate intervals of one, two or three years, often in the same month each year, suggesting some consistency in presence on site during the spawning period. The longest period at liberty of a tagged fish was in excess of five years. Although many of the tagged fish were recaptured more than once, the maximum number of recaptures of a given tagged fish was four.

@article{
 title = {Relating angling-dependent fish impairment to immediate release mortality of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Condition index,Impairment,Predation,Red snapper,Reflex response,Release mortality},
 pages = {64-70},
 volume = {106},
 month = {10},
 id = {9b5b37f1-f673-345b-8752-ce95b2e6d397},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.572Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.683Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch-and-release (CAR) fishing of deep-water physoclistous species can lead to increased stress and impairment often resulting in immediate release mortality. We made use of a condition index (BtR score) to evaluate the relationship between CAR-related impairment and immediate release mortality in the recreational red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) fishery. Symptoms of barotrauma and impairment showed positive relationships with capture depth and occurred more frequently during the summer sampling than the fall. Impairment, as measured by BtR score, showed significant logistic relationships with immediate release mortality proxies such as floating and erratic swimming at release. Logistic curves had inflection points at BtR scores of 0.3-0.4 (on a scale of 0-1), above which fish experienced high immediate release mortality regardless of season (60-100%). Mean BtR scores were lower than the inflection point of the logistic curve, resulting in immediate release mortality estimates ranging from 20% to 28%. Recaptured fish showed significantly lower impairment than non-recaptured fish. The BtR score is a proficient method to estimate both impairment and immediate release mortality of red snapper in field settings. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Campbell, Matthew D. and Tolan, James and Strauss, Richard and Diamond, Sandra L.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2010.07.004},
 journal = {Fisheries Research},
 number = {1}
}

Catch-and-release (CAR) fishing of deep-water physoclistous species can lead to increased stress and impairment often resulting in immediate release mortality. We made use of a condition index (BtR score) to evaluate the relationship between CAR-related impairment and immediate release mortality in the recreational red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) fishery. Symptoms of barotrauma and impairment showed positive relationships with capture depth and occurred more frequently during the summer sampling than the fall. Impairment, as measured by BtR score, showed significant logistic relationships with immediate release mortality proxies such as floating and erratic swimming at release. Logistic curves had inflection points at BtR scores of 0.3-0.4 (on a scale of 0-1), above which fish experienced high immediate release mortality regardless of season (60-100%). Mean BtR scores were lower than the inflection point of the logistic curve, resulting in immediate release mortality estimates ranging from 20% to 28%. Recaptured fish showed significantly lower impairment than non-recaptured fish. The BtR score is a proficient method to estimate both impairment and immediate release mortality of red snapper in field settings. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

@article{
 title = {An improved technique for estimating short-term survival of released line-caught fish, and an application comparing barotrauma-relief methods in red emperor (Lutjanus sebae Cuvier 1816)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Barotrauma,Lutjanus sebae,Post-release survival,Red emperor,Release weight,Survival,Venting},
 pages = {1-7},
 volume = {385},
 month = {4},
 day = {1},
 id = {5b96ad32-1a92-38cb-ad5d-e8e374d02f45},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.874Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.982Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Promotion of better procedures for releasing undersize fish, advocacy of catch-and-release angling, and changing minimum legal sizes are increasingly being used as tools for sustainable management of fish stocks. However without knowing the proportion of released fish that survive, the conservation value of any of these measures is uncertain. We developed a floating vertical enclosure to estimate short-term survival of released line-caught tropical and subtropical reef-associated species, and used it to compare the effectiveness of two barotrauma-relief procedures (venting and shotline releasing) on red emperor (Lutjanus sebae). Barotrauma signs varied with capture depth, but not with the size of the fish. Fish from the greatest depths (40-52 m) exhibited extreme signs less frequently than did those from intermediate depths (30-40 m), possibly as a result of swim bladder gas being vented externally through a rupture in the body wall. All but two fish survived the experiment, and as neither release technique significantly improved short-term survival of the red emperor over non-treatment we see little benefit in promoting either venting or shotline releasing for this comparatively resilient species. Floating vertical enclosures can improve short-term post-release mortality estimates as they overcome many problems encountered when constraining fish in submerged cages. Crown Copyright © 2010.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Brown, I. and Sumpton, W. and McLennan, M. and Mayer, D. and Campbell, M. and Kirkwood, J. and Butcher, A. and Halliday, I. and Mapleston, A. and Welch, D. and Begg, G. A. and Sawynok, B.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jembe.2010.01.007},
 journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology},
 number = {1-2}
}

Promotion of better procedures for releasing undersize fish, advocacy of catch-and-release angling, and changing minimum legal sizes are increasingly being used as tools for sustainable management of fish stocks. However without knowing the proportion of released fish that survive, the conservation value of any of these measures is uncertain. We developed a floating vertical enclosure to estimate short-term survival of released line-caught tropical and subtropical reef-associated species, and used it to compare the effectiveness of two barotrauma-relief procedures (venting and shotline releasing) on red emperor (Lutjanus sebae). Barotrauma signs varied with capture depth, but not with the size of the fish. Fish from the greatest depths (40-52 m) exhibited extreme signs less frequently than did those from intermediate depths (30-40 m), possibly as a result of swim bladder gas being vented externally through a rupture in the body wall. All but two fish survived the experiment, and as neither release technique significantly improved short-term survival of the red emperor over non-treatment we see little benefit in promoting either venting or shotline releasing for this comparatively resilient species. Floating vertical enclosures can improve short-term post-release mortality estimates as they overcome many problems encountered when constraining fish in submerged cages. Crown Copyright © 2010.

@article{
 title = {Sublethal effects of catch-and-release fishing: measuring capture stress, fish impairment, and predation risk using a condition index},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {barotrauma,condition index,cortisol,impairment,predator simulation,red snapper,reflex response,release mortality},
 pages = {513-521},
 volume = {67},
 websites = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article-abstract/67/3/513/732324},
 id = {4609a5e1-fae9-312f-9d74-3a592a2f82a9},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:13:58.485Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-13T10:54:05.212Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {, S. L. 2010. Sublethal effects of catch-and-release fishing: measuring capture stress, fish impairment, and predation risk using a condition index.-ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 513-521. The sublethal effects of simulated capture of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were analysed using physiological responses, condition indexing, and performance variables. Simulated catch-and-release fishing included combinations of depth of capture and ther-mocline exposure reflective of environmental conditions experienced in the Gulf of Mexico. Frequency of occurrence of barotrauma and lack of reflex response exhibited considerable individual variation. When combined into a single condition or impairment index, individual variation was reduced, and impairment showed significant increases as depth increased and with the addition of thermo-cline exposure. Performance variables, such as burst swimming speed (BSS) and simulated predator approach distance (AD), were also significantly different by depth. BSSs and predator ADs decreased with increasing depth, were lowest immediately after release, and were affected for up to 15 min, with longer recovery times required as depth increased. The impairment score developed was positively correlated with cortisol concentration and negatively correlated with both BSS and simulated predator AD. The impairment index proved to be an efficient method to estimate the overall impairment of red snapper in the laboratory simulations of capture and shows promise for use in field conditions, to estimate release mortality and vulnerability to predation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Campbell, Matthew D and Patino, Reynaldo and Tolan, James and Strauss, Richard and Diamond Campbell, Sandra L and Campbell, M D and Patino, R and Strauss, R},
 journal = {ICES J.Mar.Sci.},
 number = {3}
}

, S. L. 2010. Sublethal effects of catch-and-release fishing: measuring capture stress, fish impairment, and predation risk using a condition index.-ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 513-521. The sublethal effects of simulated capture of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were analysed using physiological responses, condition indexing, and performance variables. Simulated catch-and-release fishing included combinations of depth of capture and ther-mocline exposure reflective of environmental conditions experienced in the Gulf of Mexico. Frequency of occurrence of barotrauma and lack of reflex response exhibited considerable individual variation. When combined into a single condition or impairment index, individual variation was reduced, and impairment showed significant increases as depth increased and with the addition of thermo-cline exposure. Performance variables, such as burst swimming speed (BSS) and simulated predator approach distance (AD), were also significantly different by depth. BSSs and predator ADs decreased with increasing depth, were lowest immediately after release, and were affected for up to 15 min, with longer recovery times required as depth increased. The impairment score developed was positively correlated with cortisol concentration and negatively correlated with both BSS and simulated predator AD. The impairment index proved to be an efficient method to estimate the overall impairment of red snapper in the laboratory simulations of capture and shows promise for use in field conditions, to estimate release mortality and vulnerability to predation.

@techreport{
 title = {An evaluation of the effects of catch and release angling on survival and behavior of Goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara) with additional investigation into residence and long-term movement patterns},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2010},
 id = {ab663df4-76e6-35d8-ab89-b5e7f6ba6c89},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:13:58.637Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T18:13:59.157Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
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 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Collins, Angela B and Barbieri, Luiz R}
}

@article{
 title = {Linking “Sink or Swim” Indicators to Delayed Mortality in Red Snapper by Using a Condition Index},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 pages = {107-120},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1577/C08-043.1},
 month = {1},
 id = {bf40e484-e107-3b9f-9c5e-ef69e7e8d9ac},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.912Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:49.994Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The ability of fish to submerge after discarding is often used as a proxy for survival, but this practice underestimates total discard mortality because delayed mortality is overlooked. Fishery managers need a way to link "sink or swim" indicators, or variables observed during capture and release, with delayed mortality rates. We conducted a cage study of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus off the coast of Texas to estimate delayed mortality rates and to find factors that could link immediate and delayed mortality. Immediate mortality (17%) was predicted by the interaction of depth and the difference in temperature between surface and bottom waters. Lactate levels were also significant predictors of immediate mortality in fish whose blood was tested. Delayed mortality (64%) was predicted primarily by a condition index consisting of the presence or absence of injuries, symptoms of barotrauma, and fish behaviors immediately after capture. Specific categories included bleeding, protruding intestines, everted stomach, exopthalmia, the presence or absence of flapping and gilling behaviors, and problems with cage submergence. The majority of fatalities occurred within 24 h after fish were placed in the cages. Our mortality estimates indicate that red snapper discard mortality was significantly underestimated in the 2005 stock assessment for red snapper. The use of indices that relate the condition of an individual fish at capture to its probability of delayed mortality is an excellent method for linking immediate and delayed mortality and will likely be applicable to many species that are subject to catch-and-release fishing. © Copyright by the  American Fisheries Society 2009.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Diamond, Sandra L. and Campbell, Matthew D.},
 doi = {10.1577/C08-043.1},
 journal = {Marine and Coastal Fisheries},
 number = {1}
}

The ability of fish to submerge after discarding is often used as a proxy for survival, but this practice underestimates total discard mortality because delayed mortality is overlooked. Fishery managers need a way to link "sink or swim" indicators, or variables observed during capture and release, with delayed mortality rates. We conducted a cage study of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus off the coast of Texas to estimate delayed mortality rates and to find factors that could link immediate and delayed mortality. Immediate mortality (17%) was predicted by the interaction of depth and the difference in temperature between surface and bottom waters. Lactate levels were also significant predictors of immediate mortality in fish whose blood was tested. Delayed mortality (64%) was predicted primarily by a condition index consisting of the presence or absence of injuries, symptoms of barotrauma, and fish behaviors immediately after capture. Specific categories included bleeding, protruding intestines, everted stomach, exopthalmia, the presence or absence of flapping and gilling behaviors, and problems with cage submergence. The majority of fatalities occurred within 24 h after fish were placed in the cages. Our mortality estimates indicate that red snapper discard mortality was significantly underestimated in the 2005 stock assessment for red snapper. The use of indices that relate the condition of an individual fish at capture to its probability of delayed mortality is an excellent method for linking immediate and delayed mortality and will likely be applicable to many species that are subject to catch-and-release fishing. © Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2009.

@techreport{
 title = {J and circle hook mortality and barotrauma and the consequence for red snapper survival, SEDAR24-RD47},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2009},
 source = {SEDAR24-RD47},
 id = {84ace0f5-cb12-393b-8344-63c26ada13b9},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.585Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:14:20.904Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Although closed seasons, bag limits and quotas are used to manage fishes within the Grouper/Snapper Complex off the southeastern United States, size limits are the cornerstone of fisheries management. Because fishers must release all undersized fishes despite fish condition, this regulation has created a mandatory catch and release system. Inherent in this management strategy is the supposition that these undersized fish survive in sufficient numbers so as to justify this regulation. To satisfy this criteria fish mortality must be low and released fish must also experience minimal sub-lethal effects. Determination of sublethal effects and evaluation of their potential impairment and duration of injury are required to develop effective physiology-based criteria to evaluate the efficacy of a minimum size rule. To evaluate some aspects of the efficacy of the minimum size rule in the red snapper fishery off South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico off Florida traditional fisheries data were collected and analyzed in light of fish physiology, eco-morphology and behavior. Study objectives included 1) determination of the causes of hook mortality in red snapper in the recreational and recreational-for-hire fisheries by necropsy of acute and latent mortalities, analysis of tag and recapture data for both J and circle hooks, determination of fish dentition related to feeding behavior, 2) examination of the effects of rapid depression from depth on fish survival by inspection of red snapper swim bladders in both healthy and swim bladder ruptured fish from various water depths, comparison of tag and recapture data, and laboratory simulations using fish hyperbaric chambers to determine healing and survival from rapid depression trauma, and 3) evaluation of some of the consequences imposed by the minimum size limit based on study results. To evaluate the role hook mortality plays in species survival moribund red snapper caught aboard headboats were necropsied. Necropsy results from headboat-client caught fish showed red snapper suffered the greatest acute hook trauma (49.1%), almost equaling all other sources (50.9%) of red snapper mortality combined. Red snapper latent hook mortality (29%) was also high. Tag recaptures were used to test the null hypothesis that there would be no difference in recapture rates of red snapper caught on circle versus J hooks. The null hypothesis was rejected. Red snapper originally caught on J hooks (12.5%) had a higher recapture rate that those initially caught on circle hooks (8.1%). The next hypothesis tested was that hook mortality resulted from eco-morphology and feeding behavior. Dentition, jaw lever ratios, and feeding type and feeding behavior, including prey residence time in the mouth before swallowing were determined. Red},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Burns, Karen Mary}
}

Although closed seasons, bag limits and quotas are used to manage fishes within the Grouper/Snapper Complex off the southeastern United States, size limits are the cornerstone of fisheries management. Because fishers must release all undersized fishes despite fish condition, this regulation has created a mandatory catch and release system. Inherent in this management strategy is the supposition that these undersized fish survive in sufficient numbers so as to justify this regulation. To satisfy this criteria fish mortality must be low and released fish must also experience minimal sub-lethal effects. Determination of sublethal effects and evaluation of their potential impairment and duration of injury are required to develop effective physiology-based criteria to evaluate the efficacy of a minimum size rule. To evaluate some aspects of the efficacy of the minimum size rule in the red snapper fishery off South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico off Florida traditional fisheries data were collected and analyzed in light of fish physiology, eco-morphology and behavior. Study objectives included 1) determination of the causes of hook mortality in red snapper in the recreational and recreational-for-hire fisheries by necropsy of acute and latent mortalities, analysis of tag and recapture data for both J and circle hooks, determination of fish dentition related to feeding behavior, 2) examination of the effects of rapid depression from depth on fish survival by inspection of red snapper swim bladders in both healthy and swim bladder ruptured fish from various water depths, comparison of tag and recapture data, and laboratory simulations using fish hyperbaric chambers to determine healing and survival from rapid depression trauma, and 3) evaluation of some of the consequences imposed by the minimum size limit based on study results. To evaluate the role hook mortality plays in species survival moribund red snapper caught aboard headboats were necropsied. Necropsy results from headboat-client caught fish showed red snapper suffered the greatest acute hook trauma (49.1%), almost equaling all other sources (50.9%) of red snapper mortality combined. Red snapper latent hook mortality (29%) was also high. Tag recaptures were used to test the null hypothesis that there would be no difference in recapture rates of red snapper caught on circle versus J hooks. The null hypothesis was rejected. Red snapper originally caught on J hooks (12.5%) had a higher recapture rate that those initially caught on circle hooks (8.1%). The next hypothesis tested was that hook mortality resulted from eco-morphology and feeding behavior. Dentition, jaw lever ratios, and feeding type and feeding behavior, including prey residence time in the mouth before swallowing were determined. Red

@article{
 title = {Capture depth related mortality of discarded snapper (Pagrus auratus) and implications for management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 keywords = {Depth,Mortality,Pagrus,Release},
 pages = {289-295},
 volume = {90},
 month = {4},
 id = {f91682f1-91a3-3510-b07f-18abaae82a43},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.920Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:32.001Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Variables affecting the short-term survival of snapper (Pagrus auratus) captured using commercial fish traps and subsequently released were investigated by holding the fish in cages. A logistic regression model showed that capture depth had the greatest affect on short-term survival of snapper, with no mortalities observed from depths of less than 21 m and ∼2% from depths of less than 30 m. Mortality of snapper increased rapidly after 30 m and was ∼39% between capture depths of 30 and 44 m and ∼55% between capture depths of 45 and 59 m. Survival was also effected by fish length, with smaller fish being more likely to die. The rate of ascent of captured snapper and the density of fish in cages were kept reasonably constant and did not appear to affect survival. The number of snapper swimming upside-down prior to being returned to the sea floor in cages was not a good predictor of mortality. Future studies that use cages to assess discard mortality rates would benefit from underwater video observations of fish behaviour. The results demonstrate that the discard mortality of snapper should be considered when managing the fishery in New South Wales, Australia. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stewart, John},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2007.11.003},
 journal = {Fisheries Research},
 number = {1-3}
}

Variables affecting the short-term survival of snapper (Pagrus auratus) captured using commercial fish traps and subsequently released were investigated by holding the fish in cages. A logistic regression model showed that capture depth had the greatest affect on short-term survival of snapper, with no mortalities observed from depths of less than 21 m and ∼2% from depths of less than 30 m. Mortality of snapper increased rapidly after 30 m and was ∼39% between capture depths of 30 and 44 m and ∼55% between capture depths of 45 and 59 m. Survival was also effected by fish length, with smaller fish being more likely to die. The rate of ascent of captured snapper and the density of fish in cages were kept reasonably constant and did not appear to affect survival. The number of snapper swimming upside-down prior to being returned to the sea floor in cages was not a good predictor of mortality. Future studies that use cages to assess discard mortality rates would benefit from underwater video observations of fish behaviour. The results demonstrate that the discard mortality of snapper should be considered when managing the fishery in New South Wales, Australia. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{
 title = {The effects of barotrauma on the catch-and-release survival of southern California nearshore and shelf rockfish (Scorpaenidae, Sebastes spp.)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 pages = {1286-1296},
 volume = {65},
 websites = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/F08-071},
 month = {7},
 id = {349ea155-bc1b-3f41-b45b-d4377a8d03f1},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.858Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:48.948Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Two experiments were used to assess the effects of barotrauma on initial capture survival and short-term post-recompression survival of line-caught (range 18–225 m) southern California rockfish (Sebastes spp.). Occurrence of exter-nal and internal signs of barotrauma was characterized across all species. Despite species-specific differences in the extent of barotrauma observed, initial capture survival of rockfish held in a live well for a 10-min period following capture was 68% overall (19 species, n = 168). Overall 2-day survival of rockfish following recompression in cages was also 68% (17 species, n = 257). Short-term survival varied across species (range 36% to 82%), as did the occurrence of external signs of barotrauma. The degree of external signs of barotrauma was not a significant predictor of initial capture survival or short-term survival. The most significant predictor of short-term survival was surface holding time, with short-term sur-vival increasing with decreasing surface holding time. These results suggest that rapid recompression of rockfish can sig-nificantly decrease discard mortality and could potentially enhance rockfish conservation. Résumé : Deux expériences nous ont servi évaluer les effets du barotraumatisme sur la survie initiale à la capture et la survie à court terme après la recompression de sébastes (Sebastes spp.) du sud de la Californie capturés à la ligne (étendue des profondeurs de 18–225 m). Nous avons observé des signes externes et internes de barotraumatisme chez toutes les es-pèces. Malgré des différences spécifiques de l'importance du barotraumatisme, la survie initiale à la capture des sébastes gardés dans un vivier pendant 10 min suivant la capture est globalement de 68 % (19 espèces, n = 168). La survie globale des sébastes gardés dans des cages pendant 2 jours après la recompression est aussi de 68 % (17 espèces, n = 257). La survie à court terme varie d'une espèce à l'autre (étendue de 36 à 82 %), de même que la présence de signes externes de barotraumatisme. L'importance des signes externes de barotraumatisme ne permet pas de prédire avec assurance la survie initiale à la capture, ni la survie à court terme. La variable la plus significative pour prédire la survie à court terme est la durée de la retenue du poisson en surface, la survie augmentant en fonction inverse de la durée de la retenue en surface. Ces résultats indiquent qu'une recompression rapide des sébastes peut réduire de façon significative la mortalité lors de leur rejet à la mer et pourrait potentiellement favoriser la conservation des sébastes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jarvis, Erica T. and Lowe, Christopher G.},
 doi = {10.1139/F08-071},
 journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
 number = {7}
}

Two experiments were used to assess the effects of barotrauma on initial capture survival and short-term post-recompression survival of line-caught (range 18–225 m) southern California rockfish (Sebastes spp.). Occurrence of exter-nal and internal signs of barotrauma was characterized across all species. Despite species-specific differences in the extent of barotrauma observed, initial capture survival of rockfish held in a live well for a 10-min period following capture was 68% overall (19 species, n = 168). Overall 2-day survival of rockfish following recompression in cages was also 68% (17 species, n = 257). Short-term survival varied across species (range 36% to 82%), as did the occurrence of external signs of barotrauma. The degree of external signs of barotrauma was not a significant predictor of initial capture survival or short-term survival. The most significant predictor of short-term survival was surface holding time, with short-term sur-vival increasing with decreasing surface holding time. These results suggest that rapid recompression of rockfish can sig-nificantly decrease discard mortality and could potentially enhance rockfish conservation. Résumé : Deux expériences nous ont servi évaluer les effets du barotraumatisme sur la survie initiale à la capture et la survie à court terme après la recompression de sébastes (Sebastes spp.) du sud de la Californie capturés à la ligne (étendue des profondeurs de 18–225 m). Nous avons observé des signes externes et internes de barotraumatisme chez toutes les es-pèces. Malgré des différences spécifiques de l'importance du barotraumatisme, la survie initiale à la capture des sébastes gardés dans un vivier pendant 10 min suivant la capture est globalement de 68 % (19 espèces, n = 168). La survie globale des sébastes gardés dans des cages pendant 2 jours après la recompression est aussi de 68 % (17 espèces, n = 257). La survie à court terme varie d'une espèce à l'autre (étendue de 36 à 82 %), de même que la présence de signes externes de barotraumatisme. L'importance des signes externes de barotraumatisme ne permet pas de prédire avec assurance la survie initiale à la capture, ni la survie à court terme. La variable la plus significative pour prédire la survie à court terme est la durée de la retenue du poisson en surface, la survie augmentant en fonction inverse de la durée de la retenue en surface. Ces résultats indiquent qu'une recompression rapide des sébastes peut réduire de façon significative la mortalité lors de leur rejet à la mer et pourrait potentiellement favoriser la conservation des sébastes. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

@article{
 title = {Techniques for live capture of deepwater fishes with special emphasis on the design and application of a low-cost hyperbaric chamber},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 keywords = {Chamber,Decompression,Hyperbaric,Portable,Pressure,Sebastes},
 pages = {867-878},
 volume = {70},
 month = {3},
 id = {fc087a47-758f-39d7-bbed-7384438bc24f},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:47.804Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-10-04T14:14:06.621Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Smiley, J. E. and Drawbridge, M. A.},
 doi = {10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01347.x},
 journal = {Journal of Fish Biology},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {Catch-and-Release Mortality of Spotted Seatrout in Texas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 pages = {843-848},
 volume = {26},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {Wiley},
 day = {6},
 id = {12c2c255-0e68-3329-a757-bf82f94e8880},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.893Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:09:31.997Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch and release is becoming more common as a management tool in marine recreational fisheries. Clearly, a critical factor in determining different management scenarios that use this strategy is postcapture survival. We investigated the mortality associated with catch and release in the fishery for spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus in south Texas. Specifically, this study investigated the mortality for hook-andline-captured spotted seatrout as a function of bait type, hook type, angler skill level, and fish size. Using a variety of angling techniques, we captured 448 spotted seatrout ranging from 250 to 760 mm total length (TL) and assessed mortality in replicate field enclosures. The overall short-term mortality for all treatments was relatively low (11%); the majority of fish survived. The exception was angler skill level. Angling by novices produced a significantly higher mortality rate than angling by skilled anglers; however, mortality averaged only 18% even for inexperienced anglers. To evaluate long-term mortality, we monitored 27 spotted seatrout held in a laboratory facility for 30 d; the fish showed no signs of long-term mortality. We observed 11% mortality during the first 48 h and no mortality during the subsequent 28 d. In an attempt to increase the abundance of "trophy" (> 635 mm TL) spotted seatrout, Texas has adopted new slot limit regulations that allow only one trophy-size fish to be kept per person per day. We targeted larger (635-736 mm TL) fish to assess the mortality associated with this size-group. Regression analysis showed no size-related mortality. The location of hook-related injuries may be the most important factor in determining catch-and-release mortality. Anatomical hooking location was not a factor in the analyses but was treated as a component of experimental treatment level; however, we observed that mortality was typically associated with hooking location rather than angling method or bait type. These data suggest that management options involving the release of spotted seatrout, including those larger than 635 mm TL, are viable tools.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stunz, Gregory W. and McKee, David A.},
 doi = {10.1577/m05-181.1},
 journal = {North American Journal of Fisheries Management},
 number = {4}
}

Catch and release is becoming more common as a management tool in marine recreational fisheries. Clearly, a critical factor in determining different management scenarios that use this strategy is postcapture survival. We investigated the mortality associated with catch and release in the fishery for spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus in south Texas. Specifically, this study investigated the mortality for hook-andline-captured spotted seatrout as a function of bait type, hook type, angler skill level, and fish size. Using a variety of angling techniques, we captured 448 spotted seatrout ranging from 250 to 760 mm total length (TL) and assessed mortality in replicate field enclosures. The overall short-term mortality for all treatments was relatively low (11%); the majority of fish survived. The exception was angler skill level. Angling by novices produced a significantly higher mortality rate than angling by skilled anglers; however, mortality averaged only 18% even for inexperienced anglers. To evaluate long-term mortality, we monitored 27 spotted seatrout held in a laboratory facility for 30 d; the fish showed no signs of long-term mortality. We observed 11% mortality during the first 48 h and no mortality during the subsequent 28 d. In an attempt to increase the abundance of "trophy" (> 635 mm TL) spotted seatrout, Texas has adopted new slot limit regulations that allow only one trophy-size fish to be kept per person per day. We targeted larger (635-736 mm TL) fish to assess the mortality associated with this size-group. Regression analysis showed no size-related mortality. The location of hook-related injuries may be the most important factor in determining catch-and-release mortality. Anatomical hooking location was not a factor in the analyses but was treated as a component of experimental treatment level; however, we observed that mortality was typically associated with hooking location rather than angling method or bait type. These data suggest that management options involving the release of spotted seatrout, including those larger than 635 mm TL, are viable tools.

@article{
 title = {Do we need species-specific guidelines for catch-and-release recreational angling to effectively conserve diverse fishery resources?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 keywords = {Catch-and-release,Fisheries conservation,Hooking mortality,Recreational angling,Sustainable fisheries},
 pages = {1195-1209},
 volume = {14},
 month = {5},
 id = {9e367113-c921-34cc-81ca-f559f1435bd7},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:30.357Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-06T12:57:07.249Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {750639f0-df26-4630-a2b6-179496d7f276},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Catch-and-release recreational angling has become very popular as a conservation strategy and as a fisheries management tool for a diverse array of fishes. Implicit in catch-and-release angling strategies is the assumption that fish experience low mortality and minimal sub-lethal effects. Despite the importance of this premise, research on this topic has focused on several popular North American sportfish, with negligible efforts directed towards understanding catch-and-release angling effects on alternative fish species. Here, we summarise the existing literature to develop five general trends that could be adopted for species for which no data are currently available: (1) minimise angling duration, (2) minimise air exposure, (3) avoid angling during extremes in water temperature, (4) use barbless hooks and artificial lures/flies, and (5) refrain from angling fish during the reproductive period. These generalities provide some level of protection to all species, but do have limitations. Therefore, we argue that a goal of conservation science and fisheries management should be the creation of species-specific guidelines for catch-and-release. These guidelines would take into account the inter-specific diversity of fishes and variation in fishing techniques. As recreational angling continues to grow in popularity, expanding to many developing countries, and targeting alternative species, it is important that reasonable data appropriate for specific fish and fisheries are available. The sustainable use and conservation of recreational fishery resources will depend upon the development and dissemination of effective catch-and-release angling strategies based upon sound science to stakeholders around the world. © Springer 2005.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cooke, Steven J. and Suski, Cory D.},
 doi = {10.1007/s10531-004-7845-0},
 journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
 number = {5}
}

Catch-and-release recreational angling has become very popular as a conservation strategy and as a fisheries management tool for a diverse array of fishes. Implicit in catch-and-release angling strategies is the assumption that fish experience low mortality and minimal sub-lethal effects. Despite the importance of this premise, research on this topic has focused on several popular North American sportfish, with negligible efforts directed towards understanding catch-and-release angling effects on alternative fish species. Here, we summarise the existing literature to develop five general trends that could be adopted for species for which no data are currently available: (1) minimise angling duration, (2) minimise air exposure, (3) avoid angling during extremes in water temperature, (4) use barbless hooks and artificial lures/flies, and (5) refrain from angling fish during the reproductive period. These generalities provide some level of protection to all species, but do have limitations. Therefore, we argue that a goal of conservation science and fisheries management should be the creation of species-specific guidelines for catch-and-release. These guidelines would take into account the inter-specific diversity of fishes and variation in fishing techniques. As recreational angling continues to grow in popularity, expanding to many developing countries, and targeting alternative species, it is important that reasonable data appropriate for specific fish and fisheries are available. The sustainable use and conservation of recreational fishery resources will depend upon the development and dissemination of effective catch-and-release angling strategies based upon sound science to stakeholders around the world. © Springer 2005.

@article{
 title = {Large circle hooks and short leaders with fixed weights reduce incidence of deep hooking in angled adult red drum},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 keywords = {Catch-and-release,Circle hooks,Deep hooking,Hooking injury,J-style hooks,Recreational fishing,Red drum},
 pages = {115-120},
 volume = {71},
 month = {1},
 id = {68896068-321b-39db-9c26-d2cd3a5f4252},
 created = {2019-09-05T19:09:59.936Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9c1a1cb0-c1b7-3e07-a4a9-3deaea66e1b7},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-05T19:10:00.079Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We report on results of a multi-year study involving test fishing for large adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus to determine the influence of hook style, circle hook size and leader-weight configurations on the incidence of deep hooking. We found a lower probability of deep hooking with circle hooks compared to similar terminal tackle fitted with J-style hooks. This result reinforces the notion that circle hooks, by virtue of the shape of the shank and the orientation of the hook point, are less likely to lodge in soft tissue deep in the throat. The lowest incidence of deep hooking (4%) was achieved using large or intermediate size circle hooks on short leaders with fixed weights. In addition, we found deep hooking probability to be reduced with a shortened length of leader with a fixed weight, regardless of the style of the hook. We infer from these latter results that large circle hooks are less likely to pass beyond the pharyngeal teeth into the throat after ingestion of bait. We also infer that a short length of leader with a fixed weight results in more immediate opposing pressure following ingestion, effectively dragging the hook into the corner of the mouth at the time the hook is set. These factors appear to work together to reduce overall likelihood of deep hooking. We encourage managers to promote the use of large circle hooks configured with short leaders and fixed weights to reduce deep hooking to achieve conservation goals established for the red drum catch-and-release fishery. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Beckwith, George H. and Rand, Peter S.},
 doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2004.08.023},
 journal = {Fisheries Research},
 number = {1}
}

We report on results of a multi-year study involving test fishing for large adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus to determine the influence of hook style, circle hook size and leader-weight configurations on the incidence of deep hooking. We found a lower probability of deep hooking with circle hooks compared to similar terminal tackle fitted with J-style hooks. This result reinforces the notion that circle hooks, by virtue of the shape of the shank and the orientation of the hook point, are less likely to lodge in soft tissue deep in the throat. The lowest incidence of deep hooking (4%) was achieved using large or intermediate size circle hooks on short leaders with fixed weights. In addition, we found deep hooking probability to be reduced with a shortened length of leader with a fixed weight, regardless of the style of the hook. We infer from these latter results that large circle hooks are less likely to pass beyond the pharyngeal teeth into the throat after ingestion of bait. We also infer that a short length of leader with a fixed weight results in more immediate opposing pressure following ingestion, effectively dragging the hook into the corner of the mouth at the time the hook is set. These factors appear to work together to reduce overall likelihood of deep hooking. We encourage managers to promote the use of large circle hooks configured with short leaders and fixed weights to reduce deep hooking to achieve conservation goals established for the red drum catch-and-release fishery. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

@article{
 title = {Swim Bladder Deflation in Black Sea Bass and Vermilion Snapper: Potential for Increasing Postrelease Survival},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 pages = {828-832},
 volume = {19},
 websites = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1577/1548-8675%281999%29019%3C0828%3ASBDIBS%3E2.0.CO%3B2},
 id = {3ae64803-a0fe-3c6c-b6f4-0bcae4c65673},
 created = {2019-09-06T18:34:22.279Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {a9d8b7dd-4b33-3a9e-9b6e-5dc5cb559585},
 group_id = {c38dcf34-fa27-380f-93ef-2c3ab1ee926b},
 last_modified = {2019-09-16T12:03:34.380Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Collins, M. R. and McGovern, J. C. and Sedberry, G. R. and Meister, H. S. and Pardieck, R.},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1999)019<0828:SBDIBS>2.0.CO;2},
 journal = {NAJFM},
 number = {3}
}