@article{
 title = {Overview on kernels for least-squares support-vector-macihine-based clustering: explaining kernel expectral clustering.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {clustering,kernel principal component,kernel spectral clustering ksc,support vector machine,svm},
 pages = {113-123},
 volume = {42},
 websites = {https://rev-inv-ope.pantheonsorbonne.fr/sites/default/files/inline-files/42121-10.pdf},
 id = {d8451e76-1212-3ecd-85a1-903a8fcb31e6},
 created = {2021-02-11T06:51:45.989Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-03-31T22:22:40.893Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This letter presents an overview on some remarkable basics on kernels as well as the formulation of a clustering approach based on least-squares support vector machines. Specifically, the method known as kernel spectral clustering (KSC) is of interest. We explore the links between KSC and a weighted version of kernel principal component analysis (WKPCA). Also, we study the solution of the KSC problem by means of a primal-dual scheme. All mathematical developments are carried out following an entirely matrix formulation. As a result, in addition to the elegant KSC formulation, important insights and hints about the use and design of kernel-based approaches for clustering are provided.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fernández, Y. and Marrufo, I. and Paez, M. A. and Umaquinga-Criollo, A. C. and Rosero, P. D. and Peluffo-Ordóñez, H. D.},
 journal = {REVISTA INVESTIGACION OPERACIONAL},
 number = {1}
}

This letter presents an overview on some remarkable basics on kernels as well as the formulation of a clustering approach based on least-squares support vector machines. Specifically, the method known as kernel spectral clustering (KSC) is of interest. We explore the links between KSC and a weighted version of kernel principal component analysis (WKPCA). Also, we study the solution of the KSC problem by means of a primal-dual scheme. All mathematical developments are carried out following an entirely matrix formulation. As a result, in addition to the elegant KSC formulation, important insights and hints about the use and design of kernel-based approaches for clustering are provided.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {maximum power point tracker,mppt,photovoltaic power plant},
 pages = {77-86},
 websites = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789813349087},
 publisher = {Springer},
 chapter = {A Dynamic Programming Approach for Power Curtailment Decision Making on PV Systems},
 id = {d8f27343-8102-30eb-9360-72a092047913},
 created = {2021-03-26T17:10:15.395Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-03-26T17:13:43.726Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The new grid codes for large-scale photovoltaic power plants require power curtailment despite the variation of solar irradiance. This power curtailment is been developed considering one reference of active power. However, this value is chosen according to the demand, but it is not considering other aspects as solar irradiance or cloudiness. Therefore, this article presents a novel approach to tackle this issue. For this, stochastic dynamic programming is considered to optimize the decision of the power reference every hour considering the solar irradiance and cloudiness during different stages of the day. The results obtained are compared with the performance of the photovoltaic power plant, and it is a referential approach that uses the maximum power point tracking algorithms for the construction of referential power intervals over longer time intervals.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Fernández-fernández, Yasmany and Lorente-leyva, Leandro L and Peluffo-ordóñez, Diego H and Álvarez, Elia N Cabrera},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4909-4_6},
 title = {International Conference on Communication, Computing and Electronics Systems}
}

The new grid codes for large-scale photovoltaic power plants require power curtailment despite the variation of solar irradiance. This power curtailment is been developed considering one reference of active power. However, this value is chosen according to the demand, but it is not considering other aspects as solar irradiance or cloudiness. Therefore, this article presents a novel approach to tackle this issue. For this, stochastic dynamic programming is considered to optimize the decision of the power reference every hour considering the solar irradiance and cloudiness during different stages of the day. The results obtained are compared with the performance of the photovoltaic power plant, and it is a referential approach that uses the maximum power point tracking algorithms for the construction of referential power intervals over longer time intervals.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {b,carchi,classification,e-mail,ec,ecuador,edu,fernandez,fernández-fernández,nearest neighbor algorithms,prototypes,tulcán,universidad politécnica estatal del,upec,y,yasmany},
 pages = {313-324},
 websites = {https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9789813349087},
 publisher = {Springer},
 chapter = {A Brief Review on Instance Selection Based on Condensed Nearest Neighbors for Data Classification Tasks},
 id = {e03c35a8-5e91-3521-bf15-b72b1626f12e},
 created = {2021-03-26T17:10:15.405Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-03-26T17:13:43.791Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The condensed nearest neighbor (CNN) classifier is one of the techniques used and known to perform recognition tasks. It has also proven to be one of the most interesting algorithms in the field of data mining despite its simplicity. However, CNN suffers from several drawbacks, such as high storage requirements and low noise tolerance. One of the characteristics of CNN is that it focuses on the selection of prototypes, which consists of reducing the set of training data. One of the goals of CNN seeks to achieve the reduction of information in such a way that the reduced information can represent large amounts of data to exercise decision-making on them. This paper mentions some of the most recent contributions to CNN-based unsupervised algorithms in a review that builds on the mathematical principles of condensed methods.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Fernández-fernández, Yasmany and Peluffo-ordóñez, Diego H and Umaquinga-criollo, Ana C and Lorente-leyva, Leandro L and Cabrera-alvarez, Elia N},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4909-4_23},
 title = {International Conference on Communication, Computing and Electronics Systems}
}

The condensed nearest neighbor (CNN) classifier is one of the techniques used and known to perform recognition tasks. It has also proven to be one of the most interesting algorithms in the field of data mining despite its simplicity. However, CNN suffers from several drawbacks, such as high storage requirements and low noise tolerance. One of the characteristics of CNN is that it focuses on the selection of prototypes, which consists of reducing the set of training data. One of the goals of CNN seeks to achieve the reduction of information in such a way that the reduced information can represent large amounts of data to exercise decision-making on them. This paper mentions some of the most recent contributions to CNN-based unsupervised algorithms in a review that builds on the mathematical principles of condensed methods.

@article{
 title = {Optimization-based algorithms applied in photovoltaic systems},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Algorithms,Dynamic programming,Photovoltaic energy},
 volume = {2019},
 id = {19d42703-4701-304b-b62e-e4f25d63a6ef},
 created = {2021-02-11T05:45:26.375Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-11T05:45:26.375Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {true},
 abstract = {© 2019, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved. Network codes have been developed to facilitate the integration of power plants into the electrical system; a specific case is that concerning the performance of large scale photovoltaic power plants, which represents a drawback for operators of transmission systems due to the way in which solar irradiance varies during the day. The present study is focused on a group of models that are based on dynamic programming with recursive algorithms. Broadly, such algorithms may significantly benefit to the decision making in the field of the optimization of the photovoltaic systems. The main contribution of this work lies on the the compilation of a group of models whose recursive algorithms allow evaluating each stage of a given process and related to a group of parameters that can be controlled within a dynamic model whose nuances vary depending on other submodels associated with some families of classic models of linear and nonlinear programming.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fernández, Y.F. and Tobar, A.C. and Peluffo-Ordóñez, D.H. and Manosalvas, T.S. and Miranda, R.},
 journal = {RISTI - Revista Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao},
 number = {E22}
}

© 2019, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved. Network codes have been developed to facilitate the integration of power plants into the electrical system; a specific case is that concerning the performance of large scale photovoltaic power plants, which represents a drawback for operators of transmission systems due to the way in which solar irradiance varies during the day. The present study is focused on a group of models that are based on dynamic programming with recursive algorithms. Broadly, such algorithms may significantly benefit to the decision making in the field of the optimization of the photovoltaic systems. The main contribution of this work lies on the the compilation of a group of models whose recursive algorithms allow evaluating each stage of a given process and related to a group of parameters that can be controlled within a dynamic model whose nuances vary depending on other submodels associated with some families of classic models of linear and nonlinear programming.

@inproceedings{
 title = {The effect of ambient temperature on the yield of a 3 MWp PV plant installed in Ecuador},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {South America,photovoltaic power plants,power generation,renewable energy,solar irradiance,temperature effect},
 id = {43db57d4-972d-34d0-b695-ecdac7cb61be},
 created = {2021-02-11T05:45:26.377Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-12T21:10:43.300Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {true},
 abstract = {© 2019 IEEE. The integration of photovoltaic power plants in the distribution or transmission level is already a reality. Usually, the location chosen for these power plants consider high solar irradiance, but the temperature could be a drawback. Thus, the aim of this paper is to show the effect of solar irradiance and ambient temperature on the power generation of a photovoltaic power plant. For this, a real photovoltaic power plant is chosen in the Ecuadorian line in South America. The results show that the active power is reduced around 0.1 to 0.3 p.u when the ambient temperature is higher than 25 Celsius degrees although the solar irradiance is high.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Cabrera-Tobar, A. and Fernández, Y. and Huaca, J. and Pozo, M. and Bellmunt, O.G. and Massi Pavan, A.},
 doi = {10.1109/EEEIC.2019.8783480},
 booktitle = {Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2019 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC/I and CPS Europe 2019}
}

© 2019 IEEE. The integration of photovoltaic power plants in the distribution or transmission level is already a reality. Usually, the location chosen for these power plants consider high solar irradiance, but the temperature could be a drawback. Thus, the aim of this paper is to show the effect of solar irradiance and ambient temperature on the power generation of a photovoltaic power plant. For this, a real photovoltaic power plant is chosen in the Ecuadorian line in South America. The results show that the active power is reduced around 0.1 to 0.3 p.u when the ambient temperature is higher than 25 Celsius degrees although the solar irradiance is high.

@inproceedings{
 title = {El Mapa Mental, Herramienta De Potenciación Del Pensamiento Creativo, Como Elemento Del Perfil Del Ingeniero Actual},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {creativity,engineering,mind map,professional profile},
 pages = {1-11},
 websites = {https://acofipapers.org/index.php/eiei/article/download/149/143},
 publisher = {EIEI ACOFI},
 city = {Cartagena de Indias},
 id = {503f9920-eb49-308a-9b13-1122fef9916a},
 created = {2021-02-14T15:58:20.701Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-14T15:58:40.695Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Tendency in training engineers requires a change of paradigm linked to the resolution of problems with social responsibility. Training process should emphasize the development of professional skills, among others: flexibility; openness to technological innovation; research skills; criteria respect; and respect for the environment; moral and aesthetic values. This research is a result of 12 years of experience as a teacher for engineers. The continuous application of strategies and tools such as the mind map has contributed for most students to present evidences of development of their creativity and radiant thinking as basic skills. A mind map was applied both to the conceptual construction and to the diagnosis and search for solutions to various engineering problems individually and in groups. Learning outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness in preparation of students to identificate and solve problems, development of critical thinking and openness of mind. It allows knowing different topics and acquiring new information generating creative and innovative responses, while the development of associative thinking facilitates the projection ability intimately linked to research as practical skills to identify and relate problems in a systemic way. The student becomes more sensitive, more human when formulating, testing, rehearsing, modifying and communicating results.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Garzón, Luis and Sánchez, Olga and Oña, Omar and Fernández, Yasmany},
 booktitle = {Retos en la formación de ingenieros en la era digital}
}

Tendency in training engineers requires a change of paradigm linked to the resolution of problems with social responsibility. Training process should emphasize the development of professional skills, among others: flexibility; openness to technological innovation; research skills; criteria respect; and respect for the environment; moral and aesthetic values. This research is a result of 12 years of experience as a teacher for engineers. The continuous application of strategies and tools such as the mind map has contributed for most students to present evidences of development of their creativity and radiant thinking as basic skills. A mind map was applied both to the conceptual construction and to the diagnosis and search for solutions to various engineering problems individually and in groups. Learning outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness in preparation of students to identificate and solve problems, development of critical thinking and openness of mind. It allows knowing different topics and acquiring new information generating creative and innovative responses, while the development of associative thinking facilitates the projection ability intimately linked to research as practical skills to identify and relate problems in a systemic way. The student becomes more sensitive, more human when formulating, testing, rehearsing, modifying and communicating results.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {210-218},
 publisher = {UTN},
 city = {Ibarra},
 chapter = {Enfoque prospectivo para mejorar la enseñanza / aprendizaje de la matemática superior en la ingeniería},
 id = {0ce4ee4d-eb09-3fb2-95df-2ab434631bea},
 created = {2021-02-11T06:29:54.189Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-11T06:40:16.120Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Yasmany Fernández Fernández, undefined and Fernando Garrido, undefined and Teresa Sánchez, undefined and Omar Oña, undefined},
 title = {Libro de Memorias del VI Congreso de la Red Ecuatoriana de Universidades y Escuelas Politécnicas para Investigación y Posgrado}
}

@inproceedings{
 title = {Estrategia basada en teoría de la decisión para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje del cálculo en una ariable para carreras técnicas.(Strategy based on decision theory...},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2018},
 issue = {November},
 websites = {https://acofipapers.org/index.php/eiei/article/view/321},
 publisher = {ACOFI},
 city = {Cartagena de Indias},
 id = {1cc3ad80-3a3a-31cb-ada7-8b387a832802},
 created = {2021-02-11T07:17:53.209Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-12T21:10:43.329Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Given the growing interest in the results obtained by students in the first level of engineering and technical careers in the field of calculation in one variable and as a result of high levels of desertion, the following study is proposed, based on a strategy of improvement of the teaching and learning process of mathematics through a model proposed by Thomas L. Saaty. The proposal seeks to refine with scientific criteria, the subjective weaknesses faced by engineering careers with respect to the skills that students must possess in the interpretation and knowledge of the minimum essential elements of higher mathematics oriented to the calculation in a variable.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Yasmany Fernández Fernández, undefined and Omar Oña, undefined and Manosalvas, Teresa Sánchez},
 editor = {ACOFI, undefined},
 booktitle = {GESTIÓN, CALIDAD Y DESARROLLO EN LAS FACULTADES DE INGENIERÍA}
}

Given the growing interest in the results obtained by students in the first level of engineering and technical careers in the field of calculation in one variable and as a result of high levels of desertion, the following study is proposed, based on a strategy of improvement of the teaching and learning process of mathematics through a model proposed by Thomas L. Saaty. The proposal seeks to refine with scientific criteria, the subjective weaknesses faced by engineering careers with respect to the skills that students must possess in the interpretation and knowledge of the minimum essential elements of higher mathematics oriented to the calculation in a variable.

@inproceedings{
 title = {Estrategias de aprendizaje basados en la epistemología de la matemática},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {aprendizaje significativo,cálculo matemático,didáctica matemática},
 issue = {November},
 websites = {https://www.acofipapers.org/index.php/eiei/article/download/372/370},
 publisher = {ACOFI},
 city = {Cartagena de Indias},
 id = {1d9465b3-9687-33e2-b118-852e0f1c18ee},
 created = {2021-02-12T21:10:42.954Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-12T21:10:59.531Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Mathematics is the basis of all sciences, because without mathematical calculations human existence would be reduced to the caveman age, hence the importance of their learning being meaningful. Although the didactics of mathematics was born in the sixties in France; However, in our country, its practice is not yet evident in all levels of education, especially in universities, although the behavioral model continues to be applied, leaving aside the constructivist model, that is, a traditional teaching - learning is carried out; and there lies the lack of knowledge, logic of reasoning, dexterity and taste for mathematics in the students of the first levels where the unit of basic sciences is the basis of engineering. Later on, in the higher levels where solving problems of real and engineering context, where mathematical modeling is essential, the students' expertise is practically nil, generating therefore mediocre projects without theoretical foundation, and in the end, finishing as professionals. with gaps that affect their work performance. In a large part of the Ecuadorian universities, professors of the mathematics chair haveengineering training, the same ones that have great experience in the domain of mathematics, butthe deficiency is that there is no proper pedagogical preparation and even more the use of thedidactic at the moment of imparting their knowledge, practically what they do is to transmit whatthey have learned during their student life in the same way they received it; becoming a repetitive teaching process, reflecting itself as something traditional.},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Oña, Omar and Sánchez, Teresa and Fernández, Yasmany},
 editor = {ACOFI, undefined},
 booktitle = {GESTIÓN, CALIDAD Y DESARROLLO EN LAS FACULTADES DE INGENIERÍA}
}

Mathematics is the basis of all sciences, because without mathematical calculations human existence would be reduced to the caveman age, hence the importance of their learning being meaningful. Although the didactics of mathematics was born in the sixties in France; However, in our country, its practice is not yet evident in all levels of education, especially in universities, although the behavioral model continues to be applied, leaving aside the constructivist model, that is, a traditional teaching - learning is carried out; and there lies the lack of knowledge, logic of reasoning, dexterity and taste for mathematics in the students of the first levels where the unit of basic sciences is the basis of engineering. Later on, in the higher levels where solving problems of real and engineering context, where mathematical modeling is essential, the students' expertise is practically nil, generating therefore mediocre projects without theoretical foundation, and in the end, finishing as professionals. with gaps that affect their work performance. In a large part of the Ecuadorian universities, professors of the mathematics chair haveengineering training, the same ones that have great experience in the domain of mathematics, butthe deficiency is that there is no proper pedagogical preparation and even more the use of thedidactic at the moment of imparting their knowledge, practically what they do is to transmit whatthey have learned during their student life in the same way they received it; becoming a repetitive teaching process, reflecting itself as something traditional.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {LINEALES,MODELOS NO,SIXTEMAS COMPLEJOS,TRANSFERENCIA DE INFORMACIÓN},
 pages = {223-227},
 publisher = {UTN},
 city = {Ibarra, Ecuador},
 chapter = {Transferencia de información en redes basada en modelado},
 id = {91622e71-d429-34c3-8531-8f87485e84cc},
 created = {2021-02-12T21:27:21.109Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-12T21:28:46.880Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This paper presents a strategy to estimate the conditional probability densities necessary for determining the cause-effect relationship between components of complex systems. The scheme estimates the information transfer between these components using predictions of the evolution of the subsystems. The method, do not require discretization of the state space necessary in the direct calculation of probabilities in continuous signals. The performance of the strategy is shown using data produced by numerical simulations and experimental data from chaotic systems. The results appear to be useful in the design of control strategies, in the case of systems formed by several parts.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {García, Pedro and Rosa, Leuber and Chiza, José and Méndez, Pablo and Otero, Claudio and Fernández, Yasmany and Silva, Alfredo},
 title = {Jornadas internacionales de investigación científica}
}

This paper presents a strategy to estimate the conditional probability densities necessary for determining the cause-effect relationship between components of complex systems. The scheme estimates the information transfer between these components using predictions of the evolution of the subsystems. The method, do not require discretization of the state space necessary in the direct calculation of probabilities in continuous signals. The performance of the strategy is shown using data produced by numerical simulations and experimental data from chaotic systems. The results appear to be useful in the design of control strategies, in the case of systems formed by several parts.

@article{
 title = {Proceso para la identificación estratégica de factores ambientales que componen la sostenibilidad de una región.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Factorial Analysis,Prospective,SWOT Analysis},
 pages = {75-85},
 volume = {33},
 id = {c98607e2-dbc7-392c-b34f-4cea4727c211},
 created = {2021-02-11T07:03:15.721Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {db6e6aab-fd37-3eb4-a783-8d5b130a8825},
 last_modified = {2021-02-11T14:38:39.261Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The growing necessity to have appropriate information, to make relating decisions to the protec- tion and improvement of the environment and for a pursuit of the same ones in terms of a “ develop sustainable”, as well as to satisfy the demand of public information regarding problems (economic, social and environmental) outstanding, according to the existent conditions, they are two important causes so that this investigation incorporates to the process of taking conscience about the importance of to preserve and to recover the environment. The following investigation explains in a brief way, the procedure to formalize the identification of the factors of more incidence for the sustainable development through a Structural Analysis of the Prospective one, being contrasted at the same time with the use of statistical techniques with whose result a main SOWT2 is implemented for the strategic address of a region.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Elia N. Cabrera Álvarez, undefined and Fernández, Yasmany},
 journal = {Sarance}
}

The growing necessity to have appropriate information, to make relating decisions to the protec- tion and improvement of the environment and for a pursuit of the same ones in terms of a “ develop sustainable”, as well as to satisfy the demand of public information regarding problems (economic, social and environmental) outstanding, according to the existent conditions, they are two important causes so that this investigation incorporates to the process of taking conscience about the importance of to preserve and to recover the environment. The following investigation explains in a brief way, the procedure to formalize the identification of the factors of more incidence for the sustainable development through a Structural Analysis of the Prospective one, being contrasted at the same time with the use of statistical techniques with whose result a main SOWT2 is implemented for the strategic address of a region.