@book{amoser_von_2022,
	series = {Edition {Kufstein}},
	title = {Von {Zugewanderten}, {Weggegangenen} und {Dagebliebenen}: {Beiträge} zur {Migrationsgeschichte} {Kufsteins} 1930–2000},
	number = {5},
	publisher = {‎ Stadtgemeinde Kufstein},
	author = {Amoser, Marcel and Oberbichler, Sarah and Pfanzelter, Eva},
	collaborator = {Wendl, Ulrich},
	year = {2022},
}

@book{king_handbook_2022,
	address = {Northampton},
	series = {Elgar handbooks in migration series},
	title = {Handbook of return migration},
	isbn = {978-1-83910-004-8},
	abstract = {"This authoritative Handbook provides an interdisciplinary appraisal of the field of return migration, advancing concepts and theories and setting an agenda for new debates. Structured into four parts, the Handbook maps the contemporary field of return migration, examining the effects and politicisation of return migration, before moving on to explore the theme of reintegration and the impact of return migration on development in the migrants' countries of origin. Taking an intersectional approach, expert contributors delve into the economics of return migration, deportation, the psychological wellbeing of migrants, student mobility and second-generation 'return' migration. The Handbook opens up new avenues for research, including new theories and conceptualisations of return migration, and articulates key issues that should be considered, both for research and for policy and practice. This Handbook will be a valuable resource for scholars and advanced students interested in migration and human rights. Its use of empirical examples and case studies will also be beneficial for policy-makers seeking an insight into the current issues in return migration"--},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
	editor = {King, Russell and Kuschminder, Katie},
	year = {2022},
}

"This authoritative Handbook provides an interdisciplinary appraisal of the field of return migration, advancing concepts and theories and setting an agenda for new debates. Structured into four parts, the Handbook maps the contemporary field of return migration, examining the effects and politicisation of return migration, before moving on to explore the theme of reintegration and the impact of return migration on development in the migrants' countries of origin. Taking an intersectional approach, expert contributors delve into the economics of return migration, deportation, the psychological wellbeing of migrants, student mobility and second-generation 'return' migration. The Handbook opens up new avenues for research, including new theories and conceptualisations of return migration, and articulates key issues that should be considered, both for research and for policy and practice. This Handbook will be a valuable resource for scholars and advanced students interested in migration and human rights. Its use of empirical examples and case studies will also be beneficial for policy-makers seeking an insight into the current issues in return migration"–

@incollection{king_introduction_2022,
	address = {Cheltenham, UK Northampton, MA, USA},
	series = {Elgar handbooks in migration},
	title = {Introduction: definitions, typologies and theories of return migration},
	isbn = {978-1-83910-004-8},
	language = {eng},
	booktitle = {Handbook of return migration},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
	editor = {King, Russell and Kuschminder, Katie and King, Russell and Kuschminder, Katie},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1--24},
	annote = {Literaturhinweise, Register, Tabellen},
}

@incollection{king_theorising_2022,
	title = {Theorising voluntariness in return},
	isbn = {978-1-83910-005-5 978-1-83910-004-8},
	url = {https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781839100048/9781839100048.00013.xml},
	urldate = {2023-02-15},
	booktitle = {Handbook of {Return} {Migration}},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
	author = {Bivand Erdal, Marta and Oeppen, Ceri},
	editor = {King, Russell and Kuschminder, Katie},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	doi = {10.4337/9781839100055.00013},
	pages = {70--83},
}

@book{gehler_akten_2021,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Akten zur {Südtirol}-{Politik} 1945-1958 : eine {Aktenedition} in sechs {Bänden}},
	title = {Akten zur {Südtirol}-{Politik} 1945-1958: {Optantendekret} 1947/48},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4369-9},
	number = {Band 3},
	publisher = {StudienVerlag},
	editor = {Gehler, Michael},
	year = {2021},
}

@book{hagen_displaced_2021,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {{DigiOst}},
	title = {Displaced {Persons}-{Forschung} in {Deutschland} und Österreich: eine {Bestandsaufnahme} zu {Beginn} des 21. {Jahrhunderts}},
	isbn = {978-3-7329-0667-3},
	shorttitle = {Displaced {Persons}-{Forschung} in {Deutschland} und Österreich},
	number = {Band 14},
	publisher = {Frank \& Timme, Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur},
	editor = {Hagen, Nikolaus and Nesselrodt, Markus and Strobl, Philipp and Velke-Schmidt, Marcus},
	year = {2021},
}

@incollection{hagen_for_2021,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {{DigiOst}},
	title = {»{For} {Men} {Do} {Not} {Live} by {Bread} {Alone}«. {Conceptualizing} {UNRRA}’s {Psychosocial} {Rehabilitation} {Approach} for {Displaced} {Persons} in the {Immediate} {Postwar} {Months}},
	isbn = {978-3-7329-0667-3},
	number = {Band 14},
	booktitle = {Displaced {Persons}-{Forschung} in {Deutschland} und Österreich: eine {Bestandsaufnahme} zu {Beginn} des 21. {Jahrhunderts}},
	publisher = {Frank \& Timme, Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur},
	author = {Frei, Stella Maria},
	editor = {Hagen, Nikolaus and Nesselrodt, Markus and Strobl, Philipp and Velke-Schmidt, Marcus},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {199--224},
}

@incollection{hagen_unrra_2021,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {{DigiOst}},
	title = {Das {UNRRA} {Training} {Center} für {Displaced} {Persons} in {Bad} {Wiessee} (1946/1947) .},
	isbn = {978-3-7329-0667-3},
	number = {Band 14},
	booktitle = {Displaced {Persons}-{Forschung} in {Deutschland} und Österreich: eine {Bestandsaufnahme} zu {Beginn} des 21. {Jahrhunderts}},
	publisher = {Frank \& Timme, Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur},
	author = {Piereth, Wolfgang},
	editor = {Hagen, Nikolaus and Nesselrodt, Markus and Strobl, Philipp and Velke-Schmidt, Marcus},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {225--248},
}

@incollection{hagen_neue_2021,
	address = {Berlin},
	series = {{DigiOst}},
	title = {Neue {Heimat} in {Nordamerika}. {Der} {Weg} jüdischer {Waisen} von {Deutschland} nach {Kanada}},
	isbn = {978-3-7329-0667-3},
	number = {Band 14},
	booktitle = {Displaced {Persons}-{Forschung} in {Deutschland} und Österreich: eine {Bestandsaufnahme} zu {Beginn} des 21. {Jahrhunderts}},
	publisher = {Frank \& Timme, Verlag für wissenschaftliche Literatur},
	author = {Tobias, Jim G.},
	editor = {Hagen, Nikolaus and Nesselrodt, Markus and Strobl, Philipp and Velke-Schmidt, Marcus},
	year = {2021},
	pages = {83--102},
}

@book{humbert_reinventing_2021,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {1 Edition},
	title = {Reinventing {French} aid: the politics of humanitarian relief in {French}-occupied {Germany}, 1945-1952},
	isbn = {978-1-108-83135-2 978-1-108-93277-6},
	shorttitle = {Reinventing {French} aid},
	abstract = {"This book explores how humanitarian aid was influenced by French politics of national recovery and the rivalries of the Cold War. It examines the complicated everyday encounters between French officials, members of new international organizations, relief workers, defeated Germans and the sizeable group of Displaced Persons (DPs), who remained in the territory of the French occupation zone prior to their repatriation or emigration to a third country. By rendering relief workers and DPs visible, it sheds lights on their role in shaping relief practices and addresses the neglected issue of the gendering of rehabilitation. In doing so, it highlights different cultures of rehabilitation, in part rooted in pre-war ideas about 'overcoming' poverty and war-induced injuries. Crucially, it unearths the active and bottom-up nature of the restoration of France's prestige. Not only were relief workers concerned about the image of France circulating in DP camps, but they also drew DP artists into the orbit of French cultural diplomacy in Germany"--},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Humbert, Laure},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {Refugees, 20th century, History, Germany, France, Foreign relations, World War, 1939-1945, Germany (West), Civilian relief, Government policy History, Humanitarian assistance, International relief, Refugee camps},
	annote = {The politics of relief -- The politics of immigration : unwanted wartime collaborators or ideal white settlers? -- In the shadow of Nazi occupation : making and overseeing DP camps -- The politics of neutrality : repatriating and screening DPs in the early Cold War -- Reconstructing the body, rehabilitating the mind? -- The "broken" DP : "remaking" the minds of refugees -- "Rehabilitation" through work? Vocational training and DP employment -- Transforming DPs into French citizens? The resettlement of DPs in France},
}

"This book explores how humanitarian aid was influenced by French politics of national recovery and the rivalries of the Cold War. It examines the complicated everyday encounters between French officials, members of new international organizations, relief workers, defeated Germans and the sizeable group of Displaced Persons (DPs), who remained in the territory of the French occupation zone prior to their repatriation or emigration to a third country. By rendering relief workers and DPs visible, it sheds lights on their role in shaping relief practices and addresses the neglected issue of the gendering of rehabilitation. In doing so, it highlights different cultures of rehabilitation, in part rooted in pre-war ideas about 'overcoming' poverty and war-induced injuries. Crucially, it unearths the active and bottom-up nature of the restoration of France's prestige. Not only were relief workers concerned about the image of France circulating in DP camps, but they also drew DP artists into the orbit of French cultural diplomacy in Germany"–

@misc{weich_remigration_2020,
	title = {Remigration aus {Amerika}},
	author = {Weich, Annie},
	month = may,
	year = {2020},
}

@misc{weich_remigration_2020-1,
	title = {Remigration aus {Amerika}},
	author = {Weich, Annie},
	month = apr,
	year = {2020},
}

@article{valenta_imperiales_2020,
	title = {Imperiales {Erbe} und {Nationale} {Identität}. {Das} {Werden} der {Nationalbibliothek} der {Republik} Österreich: {Ein} {Forschungsvorhaben}},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {1865-7648, 0341-4183},
	shorttitle = {Imperiales {Erbe} und {Nationale} {Identität}. {Das} {Werden} der {Nationalbibliothek} der {Republik} Österreich},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/bfp-2020-2039/html},
	doi = {10.1515/bfp-2020-2039},
	abstract = {Zusammenfassung
            Im Rahmen eines Projektes des Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) soll die Transformation der Hofbibliothek der Habsburgermonarchie in Wien zur Nationalbibliothek der Republik Österreich nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges im kultur- und gesellschaftspolitischen Kontext untersucht werden. Der vorliegende Artikel unterrichtet über die Forschungsschwerpunkte.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-03-17},
	journal = {Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis},
	author = {Valenta, Rainer and Huber-Frischeis, Thomas and Petschar, Hans},
	month = nov,
	year = {2020},
	pages = {537--545},
}

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen eines Projektes des Österreichischen Wissenschaftsfonds (FWF) soll die Transformation der Hofbibliothek der Habsburgermonarchie in Wien zur Nationalbibliothek der Republik Österreich nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges im kultur- und gesellschaftspolitischen Kontext untersucht werden. Der vorliegende Artikel unterrichtet über die Forschungsschwerpunkte.

@incollection{spencer_crackdown_2020,
	address = {Cham},
	title = {Crackdown or {Symbolism}? {An} {Analysis} of {Post}-2015 {Policy} {Responses} {Towards} {Rejected} {Asylum} {Seekers} in {Austria}},
	isbn = {978-3-030-34323-1 978-3-030-34324-8},
	shorttitle = {Crackdown or {Symbolism}?},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-34324-8_7},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-05-05},
	booktitle = {Migrants with {Irregular} {Status} in {Europe}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Ataç, Ilker and Schütze, Theresa},
	editor = {Spencer, Sarah and Triandafyllidou, Anna},
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34324-8_7},
	note = {Series Title: IMISCOE Research Series},
	pages = {117--137},
}

@incollection{fridlund_digital_2020,
	address = {Helsinki},
	edition = {First published},
	title = {Digital and {Distant} {Histories}: {Emergent} approaches within the new {Digital} {History}},
	isbn = {978-952-369-021-9 978-952-369-020-2},
	language = {eng},
	booktitle = {Digital histories: emergent approaches within the new digital history},
	publisher = {HUP, Helsinki University Press},
	author = {Fridlund, Mats and Oiva, Mila and Paju, Petri},
	editor = {Fridlund, Mats and Oiva, Mila and Paju, Petri},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {3--18},
}

@incollection{altenburg_conceptualizing_2019,
	address = {Krems},
	title = {Conceptualizing {Return} and {Circular} {Migration} in the {Context} of {Temporariness}. {Research} and {Policy} {Implications}},
	isbn = {978-3-903150-57-7},
	abstract = {Tagungsband des \"DialogForum Migration \& Integration\", der sich mit den Themen Mobilität von Hochqualifizierten, Selbständigkeit als Integrationsmotor, Rückkehrmigration und dem postmigrantischen Wandel zu Einwanderungsgesellschaften beschäftigt},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Migration \& {Integration} 8 - {Dialog} zwischen {Politik}, {Wissenschaft} und {Praxis}},
	publisher = {Edition Donau-Universität Krems},
	author = {Gonzáley-Ferrer, Amparo and Serrano, Inmaculada and Vandenbunder, Adrien},
	editor = {Altenburg, Friedrich and Pfeffer, Thomas and Rössl, Lydia and Czaika, Mathias},
	month = dec,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: Y9PIDwAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {Political Science / General},
	pages = {113--129},
}

Tagungsband des "DialogForum Migration & Integration", der sich mit den Themen Mobilität von Hochqualifizierten, Selbständigkeit als Integrationsmotor, Rückkehrmigration und dem postmigrantischen Wandel zu Einwanderungsgesellschaften beschäftigt

@incollection{pallaver_spate_2019,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Späte {Entnazifizierung}: {Die} {Reoption} 1948 und der {Ausschluss} von der italienischen {Staatsbürgerschaft}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-706-1},
	booktitle = {Einmal {Option} und zurück: die {Folgen} der {Aus}- und {Rückwanderung} für {Südtirols} {Nachkriegsentwicklung}},
	publisher = {Edition Raetia},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {83--126},
	annote = {Collected essays},
}

@incollection{pallaver_bedrohung_2019,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Bedrohung für die „italianitä“ {Südtirols}? {Rückoption} und {Rückoptanten} aus {Sicht} der {Italiener}/-innen},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-706-1},
	booktitle = {Einmal {Option} und zurück: die {Folgen} der {Aus}- und {Rückwanderung} für {Südtirols} {Nachkriegsentwicklung}},
	publisher = {Edition Raetia},
	author = {Mezzalira, Giorgio},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {157--183},
	annote = {Collected essays},
}

@article{slaven_why_2019,
	title = {Why symbolise control? {Irregular} migration to the {UK} and symbolic policy-making in the 1960s},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {1369-183X, 1469-9451},
	shorttitle = {Why symbolise control?},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1459522},
	doi = {10.1080/1369183X.2018.1459522},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2022-05-07},
	journal = {Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies},
	author = {Slaven, Mike and Boswell, Christina},
	month = jul,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1477--1495},
}

@incollection{pallaver_folgen_2019,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die {Folgen} der {Aus}- und {Rückwanderung} für {Südtirols} {Nachkriegsentwicklung}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-706-1},
	booktitle = {Einmal {Option} und zurück: die {Folgen} der {Aus}- und {Rückwanderung} für {Südtirols} {Nachkriegsentwicklung}},
	publisher = {Edition Raetia},
	author = {Stecher, Ivan},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {127--156},
}

@book{amelina_gender_2019,
	address = {London New York},
	series = {Routledge research in gender and society},
	title = {Gender and migration: transnational and intersectional prospects},
	isbn = {978-0-367-58337-8 978-1-138-47920-3},
	shorttitle = {Gender and migration},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Routledge Taylor \& Francis Group},
	author = {Amelina, Anna and Lutz, Helma},
	year = {2019},
	annote = {Literaturverzeichnis Seite 128-149},
}

@incollection{karner_geschichte_2019,
	address = {Graz},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Ludwig} {Boltzmann} {Instituts} für {Kriegsfolgenforschung}, {Graz}--{Wien}--{Raabs}. {Sonderband}},
	title = {Geschichte und {Gedächtnis} der {Migration} in Österreich. {Gegenwärtige} {Trends} und zukünftige {Herausforderungen}},
	isbn = {978-3-7011-0400-0},
	number = {21},
	booktitle = {Migration, {Flucht}--{Vertreibung}--{Integration}},
	publisher = {Leykam},
	author = {Rupnow, Dirk},
	editor = {Karner, Stefan and Stelzl-Marx, Barbara and Bacher, Dieter},
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Austria, 20th century, History, Emigration and immigration History, 21st century, a Refugees},
	pages = {227--242},
}

@incollection{alzheimer_nema_2019,
	title = {„{Nema} problema“ in „{Minhen}“!?: {Eine} migrationshistorische {Reise} zum südosteuropäischen {Migrationshintergrund} der {Stadt} {München}},
	isbn = {978-3-657-70276-3 978-3-506-70276-0},
	shorttitle = {„{Nema} problema“ in „{Minhen}“!?},
	url = {https://www.schoeningh.de/view/book/edcoll/9783657702763/BP000010.xml},
	urldate = {2022-06-10},
	booktitle = {Jahrbuch für {Europäische} {Ethnologie} {Dritte} {Folge} 14–2019},
	publisher = {Brill {\textbar} Schöningh},
	author = {Novinšćak Kölker, Karolina},
	editor = {Alzheimer, Heidrun and Doering-Manteuffel, Sabine and Drascek, Daniel and Treiber, Angela},
	month = oct,
	year = {2019},
	doi = {10.30965/9783657702763_010},
	pages = {131--150},
}

@article{azose_estimation_2019,
	title = {Estimation of emigration, return migration, and transit migration between all pairs of countries},
	volume = {116},
	issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
	url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1722334116},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1722334116},
	abstract = {Significance
            Despite the importance of international migration, estimates of between-country migration flows are still imprecise. Reliable record keeping of migration events is typically available only in the developed world, and the best existing methods to produce global migration flow estimates are burdened by strong assumptions. We produce estimates of migration flows between all pairs of countries at 5-year intervals, revealing patterns obscured by previous estimation methods. In particular, our estimates reveal large bidirectional movements in all global regions, with roughly one-quarter of migration events consisting of returns to an individual’s country of birth.
          , 
            We propose a method for estimating migration flows between all pairs of countries that allows for decomposition of migration into emigration, return, and transit components. Current state-of-the-art estimates of bilateral migration flows rely on the assumption that the number of global migrants is as small as possible. We relax this assumption, producing complete estimates of all between-country migration flows with genuine estimates of total global migration. We find that the total number of individuals migrating internationally has oscillated between 1.13 and 1.29\% of the global population per 5-year period since 1990. Return migration and transit migration are big parts of total migration; roughly one of four migration events is a return to an individual’s country of birth. In the most recent time period, we estimate particularly large return migration flows from the United States to Central and South America and from the Persian Gulf to south Asia.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2023-02-09},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Azose, Jonathan J. and Raftery, Adrian E.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2019},
	pages = {116--122},
}

Significance Despite the importance of international migration, estimates of between-country migration flows are still imprecise. Reliable record keeping of migration events is typically available only in the developed world, and the best existing methods to produce global migration flow estimates are burdened by strong assumptions. We produce estimates of migration flows between all pairs of countries at 5-year intervals, revealing patterns obscured by previous estimation methods. In particular, our estimates reveal large bidirectional movements in all global regions, with roughly one-quarter of migration events consisting of returns to an individual’s country of birth. , We propose a method for estimating migration flows between all pairs of countries that allows for decomposition of migration into emigration, return, and transit components. Current state-of-the-art estimates of bilateral migration flows rely on the assumption that the number of global migrants is as small as possible. We relax this assumption, producing complete estimates of all between-country migration flows with genuine estimates of total global migration. We find that the total number of individuals migrating internationally has oscillated between 1.13 and 1.29% of the global population per 5-year period since 1990. Return migration and transit migration are big parts of total migration; roughly one of four migration events is a return to an individual’s country of birth. In the most recent time period, we estimate particularly large return migration flows from the United States to Central and South America and from the Persian Gulf to south Asia.

@article{rosenberger_claiming_2018,
	title = {Claiming control: cooperation with return as a condition for social benefits in {Austria} and the {Netherlands}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2214-594X},
	shorttitle = {Claiming control},
	url = {https://comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40878-018-0085-3},
	doi = {10.1186/s40878-018-0085-3},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-05},
	journal = {Comparative Migration Studies},
	author = {Rosenberger, Sieglinde and Koppes, Sabine},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {26},
}

@article{burkle_identitat_2018,
	title = {Identität durch {Architektur} im {Kontext} türkischer {Remigration}. Über »{Migrating} {Spaces}«, ein {Kunst}- und {Forschungsprojekt}},
	volume = {4},
	url = {http://unipub.uni-graz.at/mcsj/periodical/titleinfo/3497128},
	doi = {10.25364/08.4:2018.1.9},
	urldate = {2022-06-10},
	journal = {Mobile Culture Studies},
	author = {Bürkle, Stefanie},
	year = {2018},
	note = {Publisher: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz},
	pages = {131--146},
}

@article{poznan_return_2017,
	title = {Return {Migration} to {Austria}-{Hungary} from the {United} {States} in {Homeland} {Economic} and {Ethnic} {Politics} and {International} {Diplomacy}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {20638647},
	abstract = {While Austro-Hungarian officials initially opposed emigration and considered it disloyal to leave the homeland, the massive growth of transatlantic labor migration, its economic benefits, and its potentially temporary duration prompted a change in governmental attitudes and policy at the turn of the twentieth century. Even as it continued to discourage and police the exit of emigrants, the Hungarian government, in particular, also became an active promoter of return migration. Using files from the Hungarian Prime Minister’s Office, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture, and the joint Austro-Hungarian Foreign Ministry, this article examines the Hungarian government’s attempts to encourage return migration to further its economic and nationalist goals. These initiatives emphasized the homecoming of desirable “patriotic” subjects, of Hungarian-speakers, and of farmers and skilled industrial workers to address the state’s perceived labor needs. Officials debated the risks of welcoming back migrants with undesirable social and political orientations and speakers of minority languages, as well as the risks of potential conflicts with the United States government.},
	language = {English},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The Hungarian Historical Review},
	author = {Poznan, Kristina E.},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {647--667},
}

While Austro-Hungarian officials initially opposed emigration and considered it disloyal to leave the homeland, the massive growth of transatlantic labor migration, its economic benefits, and its potentially temporary duration prompted a change in governmental attitudes and policy at the turn of the twentieth century. Even as it continued to discourage and police the exit of emigrants, the Hungarian government, in particular, also became an active promoter of return migration. Using files from the Hungarian Prime Minister’s Office, the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture, and the joint Austro-Hungarian Foreign Ministry, this article examines the Hungarian government’s attempts to encourage return migration to further its economic and nationalist goals. These initiatives emphasized the homecoming of desirable “patriotic” subjects, of Hungarian-speakers, and of farmers and skilled industrial workers to address the state’s perceived labor needs. Officials debated the risks of welcoming back migrants with undesirable social and political orientations and speakers of minority languages, as well as the risks of potential conflicts with the United States government.

@book{bischof_migration_2017,
	title = {Migration in {Austria}},
	isbn = {978-1-60801-151-3},
	abstract = {This interdisciplinary volume offers methodologically innovative approaches to Austrias coping with issues of migration past and present. These essays show Austrias long history as a migration country. Austrians themselves have been on the move for the past 150 years to find new homes and build better lives. After World War II the economy improved and prosperity set in, so Austrians tended to stay at home. Austrias growing prosperity made the country attractive to potential immigrants. After the war, tens of thousands of ethnic Germans expelled from Eastern Europe settled in Austria. Starting in the 1950s victims of the Cold War (Hungarians, Czechs and Slovaks) began looking for political asylum in Austria. Since the 1960s Austria has been recruiting a growing number of guest workers from Turkey and Yugoslavia to make up for the labor missing in the industrial and service economies. Recently, refugees from the arc of crisis from Afghanistan to Syria to Somalia have braved perilous journeys to build new lives in a more peaceful and prosperous Europe.},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2018-09-21},
	publisher = {UNIV OF NEW ORLEANS PR},
	editor = {Bischof, Günter and Rupnow, Dirk},
	year = {2017},
	note = {OCLC: 1001437900},
}

This interdisciplinary volume offers methodologically innovative approaches to Austrias coping with issues of migration past and present. These essays show Austrias long history as a migration country. Austrians themselves have been on the move for the past 150 years to find new homes and build better lives. After World War II the economy improved and prosperity set in, so Austrians tended to stay at home. Austrias growing prosperity made the country attractive to potential immigrants. After the war, tens of thousands of ethnic Germans expelled from Eastern Europe settled in Austria. Starting in the 1950s victims of the Cold War (Hungarians, Czechs and Slovaks) began looking for political asylum in Austria. Since the 1960s Austria has been recruiting a growing number of guest workers from Turkey and Yugoslavia to make up for the labor missing in the industrial and service economies. Recently, refugees from the arc of crisis from Afghanistan to Syria to Somalia have braved perilous journeys to build new lives in a more peaceful and prosperous Europe.

@book{zacharasiewicz_return_2017,
	edition = {1},
	title = {Return from {Exile} - {Rückkehr} aus dem {Exil}: {Exiles}, {Returnees} and {Their} {Impact} in the {Humanities} and {Social} {Sciences} in {Austria} and {Central} {Europe}},
	isbn = {978-3-7001-8245-0 978-3-7001-8068-5},
	shorttitle = {Return from {Exile} - {Rückkehr} aus dem {Exil}},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1xp3w37},
	abstract = {The tremendous loss to the humanities and social sciences in the 20th century resulting from the expulsion of thousands of scholars and artists from Austria and Central Europe has been well documented. The present collection of articles deals with a related but under-researched aspect – it combines analyses of the complex bureaucratic and the ideological obstacles which exiled scholars from a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences and creative artists faced when they were willing to return and specific essays documenting the varying opportunities for individual returnees to influence the development of their different disciplines after the end of the Nazi tyranny. The 27 essays highlight the roles of a number of returnees as generous mentors for younger scholars and their encouragement of modernization and internationalization in an atmosphere of stagnation and provincialism in the universities. Eminent experts in history, philosophy or political science who had returned were hampered by the denial of full academic appointments despite their highly stimulating initiatives, while theatre directors had a relatively strong impact on the programs in the theaters and the other media. The volume also illustrates personal factors, including the understandable hesitation of prominent intellectuals such as Oskar Morgenstern or Ernst Krenek to give up the advantages of US American citizenship for academic positions, especially in a country exposed to political threats in the Cold War; but the essays also bring out the fact that quite a few of the émigrés remained exiles on both sides of the Atlantic. A particular strength of the volume is the detailed consideration of the fortunes and the influence of the impressive array of exiled Austrian economists. Many of them returned from Britain, helping to shape economic theory and Austrian economic policy, even though necessarily mainly from outside the universities, while transatlantic exiles largely remained in the USA.},
	urldate = {2018-09-21},
	publisher = {Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften},
	editor = {Zacharasiewicz, Waldemar},
	collaborator = {Prisching, Manfred},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctt1xp3w37},
}

The tremendous loss to the humanities and social sciences in the 20th century resulting from the expulsion of thousands of scholars and artists from Austria and Central Europe has been well documented. The present collection of articles deals with a related but under-researched aspect – it combines analyses of the complex bureaucratic and the ideological obstacles which exiled scholars from a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences and creative artists faced when they were willing to return and specific essays documenting the varying opportunities for individual returnees to influence the development of their different disciplines after the end of the Nazi tyranny. The 27 essays highlight the roles of a number of returnees as generous mentors for younger scholars and their encouragement of modernization and internationalization in an atmosphere of stagnation and provincialism in the universities. Eminent experts in history, philosophy or political science who had returned were hampered by the denial of full academic appointments despite their highly stimulating initiatives, while theatre directors had a relatively strong impact on the programs in the theaters and the other media. The volume also illustrates personal factors, including the understandable hesitation of prominent intellectuals such as Oskar Morgenstern or Ernst Krenek to give up the advantages of US American citizenship for academic positions, especially in a country exposed to political threats in the Cold War; but the essays also bring out the fact that quite a few of the émigrés remained exiles on both sides of the Atlantic. A particular strength of the volume is the detailed consideration of the fortunes and the influence of the impressive array of exiled Austrian economists. Many of them returned from Britain, helping to shape economic theory and Austrian economic policy, even though necessarily mainly from outside the universities, while transatlantic exiles largely remained in the USA.

@incollection{prager_ruckkehr_2017,
	address = {Wuppertal},
	series = {Arco {Wissenschaft}},
	title = {Die {Rückkehr} zur {Remigration}. {Zur} {Einleitung}},
	isbn = {978-3-938375-77-8},
	language = {ger eng},
	number = {Band 30},
	booktitle = {Bilderbuch-{Heimkehr}? {Remigration} im {Kontext}},
	publisher = {Arco Verlag},
	author = {Prager, Katharina and Straub, Wolfgang},
	editor = {Prager, Katharina and Straub, Wolfgang},
	year = {2017},
	note = {OCLC: ocn987202232},
	keywords = {Austria, Emigration and immigration, 20th century, History, Germany, Authors, Exiled, Exiles, Return migration},
	pages = {9--19},
	annote = {Katharina Prager, Wolfgang Straub -- Marita Krauss -- Wynfrid Kriegleder -- Ulrike Schneider -- Olena Komarnicka -- Nikola Herweg -- Marlen Eckl -- Matthias Marschik -- Philipp Mettauer -- Katja Stuckatz -- Margit Reiter -- Desiree Hebenstreit -- Peter Roessler -- Die Rückkehr der Remigration. Zur Einleitung / Remigrationen : europäische Perspektiven / Charles Sealsfield, Armand Strubberg, Heinrich Boernstein : USA-Emigration und Remigration bei drei Schriftstellern des 19. Jahrhunderts / Remigration, Übersiedlung, Rückkehr : Der Schriftsteller Fred Wander und die doppelte Erfahrung der Rückkehr / Maria Berl-Lee : Wanderin zwischen zwei Welten / Bilderbuchheimkehrer, Persilscheine und Schweigegebot. Voraussetzungen und Bedingungen der Remigration in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland / "Brasilien ist kaum erforscht". Remigranten als Kuturvermittler im Nachkriegseuropa / Nur ein Teil kehrt zurück. Die Remigration des Leo Schidrowitz / "Ich hab' keinen Lockruf des Vaterlandes bekommen." Aus Südamerika zurückgekehrt / "Meine Gefangenschaft, die meine Befreiung war." Ernst Jandl kehrt heim / Gegendiskurse : Das (Österreichische) Tagebuch als "intellektuelle Heimat" fur Linke : Jüdinnen, Juden und RemigrantInnen in Österreich nach 1945 / Beiträge der Remigration in der österreichischen Zeitschrift Plan (1945-1948) / Geschichtsbilder und Traditionsbildungen : Zurückgekehrte Theaterleute im historischen Fundus Günther Stocker -- Karin Bischof -- Marion Löffler -- Andreas Huber -- Katharina Kniefacz, Herbert Posch -- Christoph Mentschl -- Peter Pirker -- Irene Nawrocka -- Alexander Pinwinkler -- Dagmar Heissler -- Kerstin Putz -- Evelyne Polt-Heinzl -- Sharon Weiner -- Françoise Kreissler "Wer ruft ihn zurück? Niemand!" : Robert Neumanns schwierige Remigration in die deutschsprachige Literatur / "Emigranted" und die Konstruktion des österreichischen Demos in Parlamentsdebatten nach 1945 / Restitution : Wiedergutmachung übersetzt in die Sprachen der Allierten. Antisemitische Konnotationen einer Begriffsdebatte / Der Grat zwischen Erfolg und Enttäuschung. 1938 vertriebene und emigrierte Lehrende der Universität Wien im Wissenschaftsbereich der Zweiten Republik / Emigration/Remigration in den Bildungsbiografien der 1938 vertriebenen Studierenden. Das Gedenkbuch für die Opfer des Nationalsozialismus an der Universität Wien 1938 / Der lange Weg zurück. Die späte Remigration des Karl R. Stadler / Ablehnung und Auswahl. Remigration aus dem politischen Exil am Beispiel der SPO / "Das grosse Erlebnis einer funktionierenden und lebendigen Demokratie". ÖsterreicherInnen im schwedischen Exil und die Frage der Rückkehr in autobiographischen Texten / Remigration als eine Rückkehr zum Status quo ante? P. Thomas Michels OSB (1892-1979) zwischen den Vereinigten Staaten, Österreich und Deutschland / Österreich als "ideele Lebensaufgabe". Ideologisierung der Remigration bei Ernst Lothar / Zufällige Konstanz. Günther Anders' Remigration nach Wien / Wenn die Zeitgeschichte die "Teile" eines Lebens zersprengt. Friederike Manners Romanbericht Die dunklen Jahre / Leo Perulz - from celebrated novelist to forgotten author. A remigration enigma / Remigration aus China. Die soziopolitischen Kontexte im Shanghai der Nachkriegszeit (1945-1946)},
	annote = {Proceedings of a symposium held February 2015 in Vienna},
}

@book{steidl_multiethnic_2017,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Transatlantica ({Innsbruck}, {Austria})},
	title = {From a multiethnic empire to a nation of nations: {Austro}-{Hungarian} migrants in the {US}, 1870-1940},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-5477-0},
	shorttitle = {From a multiethnic empire to a nation of nations},
	number = {volume 10},
	publisher = {StudienVerlag},
	author = {Steidl, Annemarie and Fischer-Nebmaier, Wladimir and Oberly, James W.},
	year = {2017},
}

@incollection{obwexer_verspielte_2017,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Verspielte {Selbstbestimmung} und verweigerte {Autonomie} 1945-1948},
	isbn = {978-3-7046-7773-0},
	language = {ger},
	booktitle = {70 {Jahre} {Pariser} {Vertrag}},
	publisher = {Verlag Österreich},
	author = {Gehler, Michael},
	editor = {Obwexer, Walter and Pfanzelter, Eva},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Meeting Name: 70 Jahre Pariser Vertrag: Autonomie und Föderalismus in Europa},
	pages = {63--93},
}

@book{bischof_migration_2017-1,
	address = {New Orleans, LA : [Innsbruck]},
	series = {Contemporary {Austrian} studies},
	title = {Migration in {Austria}},
	isbn = {978-1-60801-145-2},
	number = {volume 26},
	publisher = {University of New Orleans Press ; Innsbruck University Press},
	editor = {Bischof, Günter and Rupnow, Dirk},
	year = {2017},
	note = {OCLC: ocn983826197},
	keywords = {Austria, Emigration and immigration, Immigrants},
	annote = {I. Introduction -- II. From the late Habsburg Empire to World War II -- III. Post-World War II -- IV. The "Refugee crisis" today and its reflection in society and the arts},
}

@book{simsek_50_2017,
	title = {50 {Jahre} {Migration} aus der {Türkei} nach Österreich},
	isbn = {978-3-643-50817-1},
	abstract = {Auf der Basis von osterreichweiten Interviews und entsprechender Forschung wird die Migration aus der Turkei nach Osterreich in den letzten 50 Jahren nachgezeichnet. DAs Buch erlautert die Geschichte der Minderheiten, insbesondere der islamischen und Turkei-stammigen Bevolkerung, sowie die vereins- und verbandsmaSSigen Organisationen der rechts- und linksorientierten Turkei-stammigen MigrantInnen und ihrer Nachkommen. AUSSerdem werden die Organisationskultur der KurdInnen, AlevitInnen, ChristInnen, die Situation der Frauen sowie der Weg vom Gastarbeiter zur Osterreichischen Staatsburgerschaft beschrieben.},
	language = {de},
	publisher = {LIT Verlag Münster},
	author = {Simsek, Hüseyin},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: ceg7DwAAQBAJ},
}

Auf der Basis von osterreichweiten Interviews und entsprechender Forschung wird die Migration aus der Turkei nach Osterreich in den letzten 50 Jahren nachgezeichnet. DAs Buch erlautert die Geschichte der Minderheiten, insbesondere der islamischen und Turkei-stammigen Bevolkerung, sowie die vereins- und verbandsmaSSigen Organisationen der rechts- und linksorientierten Turkei-stammigen MigrantInnen und ihrer Nachkommen. AUSSerdem werden die Organisationskultur der KurdInnen, AlevitInnen, ChristInnen, die Situation der Frauen sowie der Weg vom Gastarbeiter zur Osterreichischen Staatsburgerschaft beschrieben.

@incollection{bischof_austria_2017,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Contemporary {Austrian} studies},
	title = {“{Austria} {Attractive} for {Guest} {Workers}?”: {Recruitment} of {Immigrant} {Labor} in {Austria} in the 1960s and 1970s},
	isbn = {978-3-903122-80-2},
	language = {eng},
	number = {volume 26},
	booktitle = {Migration in {Austria}},
	publisher = {Innsbruck University Press},
	author = {Bakondy, Vida},
	editor = {Bischof, Günter and Rupnow, Dirk},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {113--159},
}

@book{olivier-mensah_transremigration_2017,
	address = {Bielefeld},
	series = {Pädagogik},
	title = {{TransREmigration}: {Rückkehr} im {Kontext} von {Transnationalität}, persönlichen {Netzwerken} und {Sozialer} {Arbeit}},
	isbn = {978-3-8376-3903-2},
	shorttitle = {{TransREmigration}},
	language = {ger},
	publisher = {transcript},
	author = {Olivier-Mensah, Claudia},
	year = {2017},
	annote = {Literaturverzeichnis: Seite 298-304 Dissertation erschienen unter dem Titel: TransREmigration : eine transnationale Perspektive sozialer Arbeit auf Rückkehr},
}

@techreport{hofbauer_return_2016,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Return {Migration} in {Austria}. {Austrian} contribution to the {European} {Research} {Study} {Project} {III}:“{Return} {Migration} in the {EU} {Member} {States}”},
	url = {http://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/return_migration_austria.pdf},
	abstract = {This pilot study is the contribution of the National Contact Point Austria within the European Migration Network (EMN) to the European Research Study Project III on “Return Migration 
in the EU Member States,” which was commissioned by the EU Commission 2005/06. This study is an attempt to provide an overview of the current situation of forced and voluntary return in Austria. The study makes use of miscellaneous sources: On the one hand it is based on available results of research and reports of Austrian migration researchers, and on the other hand it draws on the experiences of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and welfare organisations active in the field, which were gathered for this study through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire. The personnel of the Unit for Coercive Measures of Aliens’ Police (Unit II/3/C) within the Federal Ministry of the Interior kindly answered some of the questions on which no information was available. The focus of the study is on the time frame from the year 2000 to the present; earlier incidents and research results were only included when relevant for the study.},
	language = {English},
	author = {Hofbauer, Sophie},
	year = {2016},
}

This pilot study is the contribution of the National Contact Point Austria within the European Migration Network (EMN) to the European Research Study Project III on “Return Migration in the EU Member States,” which was commissioned by the EU Commission 2005/06. This study is an attempt to provide an overview of the current situation of forced and voluntary return in Austria. The study makes use of miscellaneous sources: On the one hand it is based on available results of research and reports of Austrian migration researchers, and on the other hand it draws on the experiences of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and welfare organisations active in the field, which were gathered for this study through face-to-face interviews and a questionnaire. The personnel of the Unit for Coercive Measures of Aliens’ Police (Unit II/3/C) within the Federal Ministry of the Interior kindly answered some of the questions on which no information was available. The focus of the study is on the time frame from the year 2000 to the present; earlier incidents and research results were only included when relevant for the study.

@phdthesis{sparwasser_identitat_2016,
	address = {Budapest},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Identität im {Spannungsfeld} von  {Zwangsmigration} und {Heimkehr}.  {Ungarndeutsche} {Vertriebene} und die  {Remigration}},
	abstract = {Zwischen 1946 und 1948 wurden bis zu 180.000 Angehörige der deutschen Minderheit in Ungarn in das
besetzte Deutschland vertrieben. Neben den materiellen Verlusten, die die Vertriebenen im Zuge
„kitelepítés“ erlitten, war der Verlust der „Heimat“ die größte Belastung für sie. Eine Rückkehr in ihre
Häuser und Wohnungen in Ungarn schien kaum möglich. Die persönlichen Beziehungen und sozialen
Strukturen der „alten Heimat“ waren beinahe völlig aufgebrochen. Gleichzeitig wurden Bemühungen
zurückzukehren seitens der Besatzungsmächte und des ungarischen Staates bis in die frühen 1950er Jahre
sanktioniert. Dennoch gelang es bis zu 10.000 Menschen – dies entspricht nach Einschätzung der
ungarischen Historikerin Ágnes Tóth einem Anteil von rund fünf Prozent aller aus Ungarn vertrieben
Deutschen – zurück nach Ungarn zu kehren. Auf Grundlage von lebensgeschichtlichen Quellen
dokumentiert die Arbeit das Schicksal der „hazatértek“ und untersucht welche Auswirkungen die
mehrfache Migration auf das Selbstverständnis der Akteure hatte.},
	language = {German},
	school = {Andrássy Gyula Deutschsprachige Universität Budapest},
	author = {Sparwasser, Sebastian},
	year = {2016},
}

Zwischen 1946 und 1948 wurden bis zu 180.000 Angehörige der deutschen Minderheit in Ungarn in das besetzte Deutschland vertrieben. Neben den materiellen Verlusten, die die Vertriebenen im Zuge „kitelepítés“ erlitten, war der Verlust der „Heimat“ die größte Belastung für sie. Eine Rückkehr in ihre Häuser und Wohnungen in Ungarn schien kaum möglich. Die persönlichen Beziehungen und sozialen Strukturen der „alten Heimat“ waren beinahe völlig aufgebrochen. Gleichzeitig wurden Bemühungen zurückzukehren seitens der Besatzungsmächte und des ungarischen Staates bis in die frühen 1950er Jahre sanktioniert. Dennoch gelang es bis zu 10.000 Menschen – dies entspricht nach Einschätzung der ungarischen Historikerin Ágnes Tóth einem Anteil von rund fünf Prozent aller aus Ungarn vertrieben Deutschen – zurück nach Ungarn zu kehren. Auf Grundlage von lebensgeschichtlichen Quellen dokumentiert die Arbeit das Schicksal der „hazatértek“ und untersucht welche Auswirkungen die mehrfache Migration auf das Selbstverständnis der Akteure hatte.

@article{lutt_sudtiroler_2016,
	title = {Südtiroler {Option} – {Archivbestände} und ihre gestörte Überlieferung},
	url = {https://othes.univie.ac.at/42487/},
	doi = {10.25365/THESIS.42487},
	abstract = {Diese Arbeit dokumentiert die Überlieferung der Archivbestände der verschiedenen Behörden der sogenannten Südtiroler Option. Außerdem sollte die Masterarbeit den Zweck eines „Quellenführers“ erfüllen.
Die Erschließung des Bestandes der Amtlichen Deutschen Ein- und Rückwandererstelle im Rahmen eines Praktikums im Staatsarchiv Bozen in Südtirol diente als Grundlage dieser Arbeit. 
Als Teil eines weitreichenderen Berhördenkomplexes, war die Amtliche Deutsche Ein- und Rückwandererstelle für die Abwicklung der Umsiedlung von deutscher Seite aus zuständig.
Durch diverse Reorganisationen, Zuständigkeitsverschiebungen und durch die Wiederverwendung im Rückoptionsbüro, ist der Bestand nur fragmentarisch überliefert. Enthalten sind Teile des Schriftgutes der Bozner Hauptstelle sowie der Zweigstellen Meran, Brixen und Bruneck. Dieser überlieferungsgestörte Schriftgutbestand ermöglicht, durch die Einbettung in die Gesamtbetrachtung des „Behördenkomplexes Option“, Reflexionen zur allgemeinen Überlieferungssituation der Option.
Einer behördengeschichtlichen Betrachtung der in der Umsiedlung aktiv gewordenen Behörden, verknüpft mit Elementen des Internationalen Standard für Körperschaften, Personen und Familien, ISAAR(CPF), folgt eine Schilderung der Bestandsgeschichte der einzelnen überlieferten Bestände. Dabei setzt die Arbeit einen Schwerpunkt auf die Bestände der Umsiedlungsbehörden welche sich im Staatsarchiv Bozen, im Südtiroler Landesarchiv, im Tiroler Landesarchiv, im Bundesarchiv Berlin und im Archivio Centrale dello Stato in Rom befinden.
Dem folgt ein praktischer Teil, welcher die Erschließungstätigkeit im Staatsarchiv Bozen reflektiert und die ISAD(G)-konformen Erschließungsinformationen in den Text implementiert.},
	language = {de},
	urldate = {2020-11-06},
	author = {Lutt, Alexander},
	year = {2016},
}

Diese Arbeit dokumentiert die Überlieferung der Archivbestände der verschiedenen Behörden der sogenannten Südtiroler Option. Außerdem sollte die Masterarbeit den Zweck eines „Quellenführers“ erfüllen. Die Erschließung des Bestandes der Amtlichen Deutschen Ein- und Rückwandererstelle im Rahmen eines Praktikums im Staatsarchiv Bozen in Südtirol diente als Grundlage dieser Arbeit. Als Teil eines weitreichenderen Berhördenkomplexes, war die Amtliche Deutsche Ein- und Rückwandererstelle für die Abwicklung der Umsiedlung von deutscher Seite aus zuständig. Durch diverse Reorganisationen, Zuständigkeitsverschiebungen und durch die Wiederverwendung im Rückoptionsbüro, ist der Bestand nur fragmentarisch überliefert. Enthalten sind Teile des Schriftgutes der Bozner Hauptstelle sowie der Zweigstellen Meran, Brixen und Bruneck. Dieser überlieferungsgestörte Schriftgutbestand ermöglicht, durch die Einbettung in die Gesamtbetrachtung des „Behördenkomplexes Option“, Reflexionen zur allgemeinen Überlieferungssituation der Option. Einer behördengeschichtlichen Betrachtung der in der Umsiedlung aktiv gewordenen Behörden, verknüpft mit Elementen des Internationalen Standard für Körperschaften, Personen und Familien, ISAAR(CPF), folgt eine Schilderung der Bestandsgeschichte der einzelnen überlieferten Bestände. Dabei setzt die Arbeit einen Schwerpunkt auf die Bestände der Umsiedlungsbehörden welche sich im Staatsarchiv Bozen, im Südtiroler Landesarchiv, im Tiroler Landesarchiv, im Bundesarchiv Berlin und im Archivio Centrale dello Stato in Rom befinden. Dem folgt ein praktischer Teil, welcher die Erschließungstätigkeit im Staatsarchiv Bozen reflektiert und die ISAD(G)-konformen Erschließungsinformationen in den Text implementiert.

@article{pfanzelter_schwieriger_2016,
	title = {Schwieriger {Neubeginn}. {Ende} {Zweiter} {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}. {Pariser} {Vertrag} vor 70 {Jahren}},
	volume = {4},
	journal = {Südtirol in Wort und Bild},
	author = {Pfanzelter, Eva},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {18--20},
}

@incollection{lorber_wir_2016,
	address = {Wiesbaden},
	title = {„{Wir} brauchten {Arbeitskräfte}“: {Das} „{Gastarbeitersystem}“ in Österreich als spezifische {Form} transnationaler {Arbeitsmigration}},
	isbn = {978-3-658-04031-4},
	shorttitle = {„{Wir} brauchten {Arbeitskräfte}“},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04031-4_11},
	abstract = {Aufgrund der verstärkten Nachfrage an Arbeitskräften im Zuge der Nachkriegskonjunktur setzte in den 1950er Jahren eine spezifische Form transnationaler Arbeitsmigration in die Industriestaaten Mittel-, West- und Nordeuropas ein. Eingeleitet wurde diese Wanderungsform, die im deutschsprachigen Raum als „Gastarbeiterwanderung“ bezeichnet wird, durch bilaterale Anwerbeabkommen zwischen Ziel- und Herkunftsländern. Auf diesem Weg wurden europaweit zwischen 1955 und 1973 rund 15 Mio. Arbeitskräfte angeworben und ein dichtes Netz an Verträgen, zur Regelung und Steuerung der Arbeitsmigration entstand. Portugal, Spanien, Italien, Jugoslawien, Griechenland, die Türkei sowie die euromediterrane Zone des Maghreb stellten die wichtigsten Entsenderegionen für sogenannte „Gastarbeiterinnen und Gastarbeiter“ dar. Österreich reihte sich Anfang der 1960er Jahre in die Liste der Anwerbeländer ein. Im Zeitraum von 1961 bis 1973 kamen rund 265.000 ausländische Dienstnehmende nach Österreich, die vorwiegend in der Bauwirtschaft, dem Dienstleistungssektor und in privaten, gewerblichen und industriellen Betrieben beschäftigt waren.},
	language = {de},
	urldate = {2022-05-31},
	booktitle = {Migration und {Minderheiten} in der {Demokratie}: {Politische} {Formen} und soziale {Grundlagen} von {Partizipation}},
	publisher = {Springer Fachmedien},
	author = {Lorber, Verena},
	editor = {Eigenmann, Philipp and Geisen, Thomas and Studer, Tobias},
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-04031-4_11},
	pages = {221--239},
}

Aufgrund der verstärkten Nachfrage an Arbeitskräften im Zuge der Nachkriegskonjunktur setzte in den 1950er Jahren eine spezifische Form transnationaler Arbeitsmigration in die Industriestaaten Mittel-, West- und Nordeuropas ein. Eingeleitet wurde diese Wanderungsform, die im deutschsprachigen Raum als „Gastarbeiterwanderung“ bezeichnet wird, durch bilaterale Anwerbeabkommen zwischen Ziel- und Herkunftsländern. Auf diesem Weg wurden europaweit zwischen 1955 und 1973 rund 15 Mio. Arbeitskräfte angeworben und ein dichtes Netz an Verträgen, zur Regelung und Steuerung der Arbeitsmigration entstand. Portugal, Spanien, Italien, Jugoslawien, Griechenland, die Türkei sowie die euromediterrane Zone des Maghreb stellten die wichtigsten Entsenderegionen für sogenannte „Gastarbeiterinnen und Gastarbeiter“ dar. Österreich reihte sich Anfang der 1960er Jahre in die Liste der Anwerbeländer ein. Im Zeitraum von 1961 bis 1973 kamen rund 265.000 ausländische Dienstnehmende nach Österreich, die vorwiegend in der Bauwirtschaft, dem Dienstleistungssektor und in privaten, gewerblichen und industriellen Betrieben beschäftigt waren.

@incollection{ziai_einleitung_2016,
	address = {Bielefeld, Germany},
	edition = {1},
	title = {Einleitung: {Unsere} {Farm} in {Zhengistan}: {Zur} {Notwendigkeit} postkolonialer {Perspektiven} in der {Politikwissenschaft}},
	volume = {27},
	isbn = {978-3-8376-3231-6 978-3-8394-3231-0},
	shorttitle = {Einleitung},
	url = {https://www.transcript-verlag.de/chunk_detail_seite.php?doi=10.14361/9783839432310-002},
	language = {de},
	urldate = {2022-06-08},
	booktitle = {Edition {Politik}},
	publisher = {transcript Verlag},
	author = {Ziai, Aram},
	editor = {Ziai, Aram},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	doi = {10.14361/9783839432310-002},
	pages = {11--24},
}

@article{van_de_laar_bremen_2016,
	title = {Bremen, {Liverpool}, {Marseille} and {Rotterdam}: {Port} {Cities}, {Migration} and the {Transformation} of {Urban} {Space} in the {Long} {Nineteenth} {Century}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2351-9916, 2351-9924},
	shorttitle = {Bremen, {Liverpool}, {Marseille} and {Rotterdam}},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jmh/2/2/article-p275_4.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/23519924-00202004},
	abstract = {During the long nineteenth century Bremen, Liverpool, Marseille and Rotterdam developed rapidly and built new harbour districts beyond the confines of the city. These new waterfronts became the zones of the other; an area defined by the social and cultural lives of casual workers, transient migrants and other disadvantaged groups and became a place in need of social and cultural reform. Few scholars have paid attention to the specific interrelations between migration and the transformation of urban space in port cities. This article addresses the issue of how diverse national and transnational migrant movements have shaped the urban identity of these port cities in this period. In a comparative framework, it raises the question what impact a transient population had on the harbour-related districts and how the appearance of these informal zones contributed to the image of the port city as a place of otherness.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-10-14},
	journal = {Journal of Migration History},
	author = {van de Laar, Paul Thomas},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {275--306},
}

During the long nineteenth century Bremen, Liverpool, Marseille and Rotterdam developed rapidly and built new harbour districts beyond the confines of the city. These new waterfronts became the zones of the other; an area defined by the social and cultural lives of casual workers, transient migrants and other disadvantaged groups and became a place in need of social and cultural reform. Few scholars have paid attention to the specific interrelations between migration and the transformation of urban space in port cities. This article addresses the issue of how diverse national and transnational migrant movements have shaped the urban identity of these port cities in this period. In a comparative framework, it raises the question what impact a transient population had on the harbour-related districts and how the appearance of these informal zones contributed to the image of the port city as a place of otherness.

@article{van_de_laar_bremen_2016-1,
	title = {Bremen, {Liverpool}, {Marseille} and {Rotterdam}: {Port} {Cities}, {Migration} and the {Transformation} of {Urban} {Space} in the {Long} {Nineteenth} {Century}},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2351-9916, 2351-9924},
	shorttitle = {Bremen, {Liverpool}, {Marseille} and {Rotterdam}},
	url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/jmh/2/2/article-p275_4.xml},
	doi = {10.1163/23519924-00202004},
	abstract = {During the long nineteenth century Bremen, Liverpool, Marseille and Rotterdam developed rapidly and built new harbour districts beyond the confines of the city. These new waterfronts became the zones of the other; an area defined by the social and cultural lives of casual workers, transient migrants and other disadvantaged groups and became a place in need of social and cultural reform. Few scholars have paid attention to the specific interrelations between migration and the transformation of urban space in port cities. This article addresses the issue of how diverse national and transnational migrant movements have shaped the urban identity of these port cities in this period. In a comparative framework, it raises the question what impact a transient population had on the harbour-related districts and how the appearance of these informal zones contributed to the image of the port city as a place of otherness.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-10-22},
	journal = {Journal of Migration History},
	author = {van de Laar, Paul Thomas},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pages = {275--306},
}

During the long nineteenth century Bremen, Liverpool, Marseille and Rotterdam developed rapidly and built new harbour districts beyond the confines of the city. These new waterfronts became the zones of the other; an area defined by the social and cultural lives of casual workers, transient migrants and other disadvantaged groups and became a place in need of social and cultural reform. Few scholars have paid attention to the specific interrelations between migration and the transformation of urban space in port cities. This article addresses the issue of how diverse national and transnational migrant movements have shaped the urban identity of these port cities in this period. In a comparative framework, it raises the question what impact a transient population had on the harbour-related districts and how the appearance of these informal zones contributed to the image of the port city as a place of otherness.

@article{feys_transoceanic_2016,
	title = {Transoceanic {Shipping}, {Mass} {Migration}, and the {Rise} of {Modern}-{Day} {International} {Border} {Controls}: {A} {Historiographical} {Appraisal}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {2296-0503, 2050-9197},
	shorttitle = {Transoceanic {Shipping}, {Mass} {Migration}, and the {Rise} of {Modern}-{Day} {International} {Border} {Controls}},
	url = {http://berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/mobility-in-history/7/1/mih070117.xml},
	doi = {10.3167/mih.2016.070117},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-10-22},
	journal = {Mobility in History},
	author = {Feys, Torsten},
	month = jan,
	year = {2016},
}

@incollection{garstenauer_traum_2015,
	address = {Innsbruck Wien Bozen},
	series = {Jahrbuch für {Geschichte} des ländlichen {Raumes}},
	title = {Der {Traum} von der {Melange}: {Ein} {Beitrag} zur {Geschichte} der {Rückkehr} der jugoslawischen {ArbeitsmigrantInnen}},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-5402-2},
	language = {ger},
	number = {2014},
	booktitle = {Aufbrechen, arbeiten, ankommen: {Mobilität} und {Migration} im ländlichen {Raum} seit 1945},
	publisher = {Studien-Verl},
	author = {Ivanović, Vladimir},
	editor = {Garstenauer, Rita},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {146--164},
	annote = {Literaturangaben},
}

@book{garstenauer_aufbrechen_2015,
	address = {Innsbruck Wien Bozen},
	series = {Jahrbuch für {Geschichte} des ländlichen {Raumes}},
	title = {Aufbrechen, arbeiten, ankommen: {Mobilität} und {Migration} im ländlichen {Raum} seit 1945},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-5402-2},
	shorttitle = {Aufbrechen, arbeiten, ankommen},
	language = {ger},
	number = {2014},
	publisher = {Studien-Verl},
	editor = {Garstenauer, Rita},
	year = {2015},
	annote = {Literaturangaben},
}

@article{weigl_gastarbeiter-wanderung_2015,
	title = {Die "{Gastarbeiter}"-{Wanderung} nach {Wien} und ihre {Folgen}},
	volume = {41},
	url = {https://ideas.repec.org/a/clr/wugarc/y2015v41i1p127.html},
	abstract = {In den rezenten migrationspolitischen Debatten ist eine Verschiebung des Diskurses von der Einwanderung zur Integration unverkennbar. In diesem Zusammenhang hat auch die sogenannte Gastarbeiterwanderung eine Historisierung erfahren. Einen unmittelbaren Anlass dafür bot zuletzt das 50-Jahr-Jubiläum des österreichischen Anwerbeabkommens mit der Türkei. Wie sich am Beispiel der Gastarbeiterwanderung nach Wien zeigen lässt, sind die Folgen dieser Arbeitsmigration bis in die Gegenwart jedoch durchaus spürbar. Derzeit sind rund 13\% der Wiener Wohnbevölkerung in (Ex-)Jugoslawien oder der Türkei geboren, von diesen rund ein Drittel vor 1990 zugewandert. Langfristig sind aus der Arbeitsmigration aus Jugoslawien und der Türkei spezifische Herausforderungen an die Sozialpolitik entstanden, deren Schwerpunkt sich allmählich verlagert hat. Bildeten in den 1970er- und 1980er-Jahren der Umgang mit formalen und informellen Diskriminierungen der Gastarbeiter am Arbeits- und Wohnungsmarkt und die damit verbundenen Prozesse der Dequalifikation und Segregation zentrale Fragen der Migrationsforschung und „Integrationspolitik“, spielen mittlerweile Altersarmut, die Akzeptanz sozialer Dienste und kultursensible Angebote in der Pflegebetreuung eine größer werdende Rolle. Für Teile der zweiten und dritten Generation macht sich die bildungsferne Herkunft vieler Eltern und mit hybriden Bindestrich-Identitäten verbundene Belastungen nach wie vor allem in Form von hohen Bildungsambitionen verbunden mit abgebrochenen Bildungsverläufen nachteilig bemerkbar. Im Kern – so das Argument des hier verwendeten Schichtmodells – beruhen aber viele Integrationsprobleme der ersten wie der zweiten und dritten Generation nach wie vor auf nicht unbedingt rein ökonomischen Ressourcenkonflikten zwischen migrantischen und autochthonen Unterschichten als Herausforderung von Diversitätspolitiken.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-31},
	journal = {Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG},
	author = {Weigl, Andreas},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Publisher: Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik},
	pages = {127--154},
}

In den rezenten migrationspolitischen Debatten ist eine Verschiebung des Diskurses von der Einwanderung zur Integration unverkennbar. In diesem Zusammenhang hat auch die sogenannte Gastarbeiterwanderung eine Historisierung erfahren. Einen unmittelbaren Anlass dafür bot zuletzt das 50-Jahr-Jubiläum des österreichischen Anwerbeabkommens mit der Türkei. Wie sich am Beispiel der Gastarbeiterwanderung nach Wien zeigen lässt, sind die Folgen dieser Arbeitsmigration bis in die Gegenwart jedoch durchaus spürbar. Derzeit sind rund 13% der Wiener Wohnbevölkerung in (Ex-)Jugoslawien oder der Türkei geboren, von diesen rund ein Drittel vor 1990 zugewandert. Langfristig sind aus der Arbeitsmigration aus Jugoslawien und der Türkei spezifische Herausforderungen an die Sozialpolitik entstanden, deren Schwerpunkt sich allmählich verlagert hat. Bildeten in den 1970er- und 1980er-Jahren der Umgang mit formalen und informellen Diskriminierungen der Gastarbeiter am Arbeits- und Wohnungsmarkt und die damit verbundenen Prozesse der Dequalifikation und Segregation zentrale Fragen der Migrationsforschung und „Integrationspolitik“, spielen mittlerweile Altersarmut, die Akzeptanz sozialer Dienste und kultursensible Angebote in der Pflegebetreuung eine größer werdende Rolle. Für Teile der zweiten und dritten Generation macht sich die bildungsferne Herkunft vieler Eltern und mit hybriden Bindestrich-Identitäten verbundene Belastungen nach wie vor allem in Form von hohen Bildungsambitionen verbunden mit abgebrochenen Bildungsverläufen nachteilig bemerkbar. Im Kern – so das Argument des hier verwendeten Schichtmodells – beruhen aber viele Integrationsprobleme der ersten wie der zweiten und dritten Generation nach wie vor auf nicht unbedingt rein ökonomischen Ressourcenkonflikten zwischen migrantischen und autochthonen Unterschichten als Herausforderung von Diversitätspolitiken.

@book{haug_new_2015,
	title = {New {Migration} from {Italy} to {Germany}},
	isbn = {978-88-6969-011-2},
	url = {http://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/libri/978-88-6969-017-4/new-migration-from-italy-to-germany/},
	abstract = {\<div\>
  \<p\>The discussion on new migration from Italy to Germany from the German point of view is focused on the skills shortage of the labour market which is moderated by a large num- ber of migrants from EU-countries, especially a growing number of workers from GIPS (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain). From Italy's point of view, the prior focus lies on the so-called Brain Drain (‘fuga dei cervelli’). Most of the Italian labour migrants in Germany recruited between 1955 and 1973 circulated or returned (90\% return rate). Is the new migration from Italy to Germany simi- lar to that of the second half of the 20th century, implying a process of chain migration and cir- cular migration? The new migration flow from Italy to Germany is analysed in official statistics, with special attention to gender and age of migrants. Migration and integration policy together with results of survey studies on Italian migrants complete the description of the situation. Case studies show the example of migration to Bavarian boom towns.\</p\>
\</div\>},
	language = {it},
	urldate = {2022-06-10},
	publisher = {Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia},
	author = {Haug, Sonia},
	year = {2015},
	doi = {10.14277/978-88-6969-011-2/006},
	note = {Medium: PDF
Publication Title: Società e trasformazioni sociali},
	annote = {SeriesInformation
Società e trasformazioni sociali},
}

<div> <p>The discussion on new migration from Italy to Germany from the German point of view is focused on the skills shortage of the labour market which is moderated by a large num- ber of migrants from EU-countries, especially a growing number of workers from GIPS (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain). From Italy's point of view, the prior focus lies on the so-called Brain Drain (‘fuga dei cervelli’). Most of the Italian labour migrants in Germany recruited between 1955 and 1973 circulated or returned (90% return rate). Is the new migration from Italy to Germany simi- lar to that of the second half of the 20th century, implying a process of chain migration and cir- cular migration? The new migration flow from Italy to Germany is analysed in official statistics, with special attention to gender and age of migrants. Migration and integration policy together with results of survey studies on Italian migrants complete the description of the situation. Case studies show the example of migration to Bavarian boom towns.</p> </div>

@article{bastia_intersectionality_2014,
	title = {Intersectionality, migration and development},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1464-9934, 1477-027X},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1464993414521330},
	doi = {10.1177/1464993414521330},
	abstract = {Since the 1970s feminist theories have made considerable contributions to development theories and practice, challenged the androcentrism of much development thinking, the normative assumptions about how households behave, and the taking of heterosexuality as the norm. However, despite the uptake of feminist contributions to development, how gender based inequalities are often compounded or intersected by inequalities based on class, race and ethnicity remains largely under-theorized in mainstream development studies. This paper discusses the relevance of intersectionality in the context of development theory and practice, particularly by reviewing how intersectionality has been used in the area of migration studies.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-06-03},
	journal = {Progress in Development Studies},
	author = {Bastia, Tanja},
	month = jul,
	year = {2014},
	pages = {237--248},
}

Since the 1970s feminist theories have made considerable contributions to development theories and practice, challenged the androcentrism of much development thinking, the normative assumptions about how households behave, and the taking of heterosexuality as the norm. However, despite the uptake of feminist contributions to development, how gender based inequalities are often compounded or intersected by inequalities based on class, race and ethnicity remains largely under-theorized in mainstream development studies. This paper discusses the relevance of intersectionality in the context of development theory and practice, particularly by reviewing how intersectionality has been used in the area of migration studies.

@incollection{sinatti_masculinities_2014,
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	series = {Hexagon {Series} on {Human} and {Environmental} {Security} and {Peace}},
	title = {Masculinities and {Intersectionality} in {Migration}: {Transnational} {Wolof} {Migrants} {Negotiating} {Manhood} and {Gendered} {Family} {Roles}},
	isbn = {978-3-642-28012-2},
	shorttitle = {11 {Masculinities} and {Intersectionality} in {Migration}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28012-2_11},
	abstract = {Men are seldom a topic of concern in migration research as gendered subjects who experience the implications of social justice, for instance in aspects relating to lives in their families such as fairness of representation, consequences of material redistribution, and management of emotions. Economic migrants in particular, who are seen as matching the role of breadwinners and confirming the status of dominant patriarchal men, are a particularly underrated case. Using the experiences of Wolof men who emigrate from Senegal to become the main providers for their families, this chapter questions this assumption by drawing insights from a theorization on ‘transnational families’, ‘intersectionality’ and ‘masculinity’ as developed within migration and gender studies. The chapter discusses how male gender roles become interlocked with other categories, as asymmetries (be they real or perceived) intervene between the migrant and the stay-behind, and as geographic distance forces them to revisit the propriety of arrangements that enable them to enact their gendered responsibility within families. Caught between pressures deriving from their economic and moral obligations towards family and kin on the one hand, and personal aspirations of fitting the part of successful men on the other, the ethnographic research presented in this chapter shows that migrants engage in an emotional journey that may challenge, rather than confirm, their expectations of ‘hegemonic’ masculinity.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-06-03},
	booktitle = {Migration, {Gender} and {Social} {Justice}: {Perspectives} on {Human} {Insecurity}},
	publisher = {Springer},
	author = {Sinatti, Giulia},
	editor = {Truong, Thanh-Dam and Gasper, Des and Handmaker, Jeff and Bergh, Sylvia I.},
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-28012-2_11},
	keywords = {family relations, gender relations, hegemonic masculinity, intersectionality, manhood, men, Senegal, transnational migration, Wolof},
	pages = {215--226},
}

Men are seldom a topic of concern in migration research as gendered subjects who experience the implications of social justice, for instance in aspects relating to lives in their families such as fairness of representation, consequences of material redistribution, and management of emotions. Economic migrants in particular, who are seen as matching the role of breadwinners and confirming the status of dominant patriarchal men, are a particularly underrated case. Using the experiences of Wolof men who emigrate from Senegal to become the main providers for their families, this chapter questions this assumption by drawing insights from a theorization on ‘transnational families’, ‘intersectionality’ and ‘masculinity’ as developed within migration and gender studies. The chapter discusses how male gender roles become interlocked with other categories, as asymmetries (be they real or perceived) intervene between the migrant and the stay-behind, and as geographic distance forces them to revisit the propriety of arrangements that enable them to enact their gendered responsibility within families. Caught between pressures deriving from their economic and moral obligations towards family and kin on the one hand, and personal aspirations of fitting the part of successful men on the other, the ethnographic research presented in this chapter shows that migrants engage in an emotional journey that may challenge, rather than confirm, their expectations of ‘hegemonic’ masculinity.

@book{romeo_tirolo_2013,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Tirolo, {Alto} {Adige}, {Trentino}: {Un} sguardo storico = {Tirol}, {Südtirol}, {Trentino}},
	isbn = {978-88-907860-2-0},
	publisher = {Europaregion Tirol-Südtirol-Trentino},
	author = {Romeo, Carlo},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{rau_raume_2013,
	address = {Frankfurt am Main [u.a.]},
	series = {Historische {Einführungen}},
	title = {Räume: {Konzepte}, {Wahrnehmungen}, {Nutzungen}},
	volume = {14},
	isbn = {978-3-593-39847-1},
	abstract = {Auch Räume haben eine Geschichte. Geschichte findet zudem immer auch in Räumen statt. Was versteht man aber in der Geschichtswissenschaft unter {\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textgreaterRäumen{\textbackslash}textless{\textbackslash}textless? Und wie kann man sie historisch untersuchen? Susanne Rau gibt in diesem Buch zunächst einen Überblick über die Geschichte abendländischer Raumkonzepte und die Geschichte des Begriffs {\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textgreaterRaum{\textbackslash}textless{\textbackslash}textless. Anschließend vermittelt sie interdisziplinäre Zugänge zum Phänomen {\textbackslash}textgreater{\textbackslash}textgreaterRaum{\textbackslash}textless{\textbackslash}textless - von der Physik und der Geographie bis hin zur Philosophie und Soziologie. Im Hauptteil erläutert sie, wie sich historische Raumanalysen methodisch-theoretisch konzipieren und praktisch durchführen lassen; dazu stellt sie historische Beispiele vor allem aus den Bereichen Stadtgeschichte, Handelsgeschichte und Globalgeschichte vor. Mit diesem Buch liegt erstmals eine Einführung in die Theorie und Praxis der historischen Raumanalyse vor.},
	publisher = {Campus-Verl.},
	author = {Rau, Susanne},
	year = {2013},
}

Auch Räume haben eine Geschichte. Geschichte findet zudem immer auch in Räumen statt. Was versteht man aber in der Geschichtswissenschaft unter \textgreater\textgreaterRäumen\textless\textless? Und wie kann man sie historisch untersuchen? Susanne Rau gibt in diesem Buch zunächst einen Überblick über die Geschichte abendländischer Raumkonzepte und die Geschichte des Begriffs \textgreater\textgreaterRaum\textless\textless. Anschließend vermittelt sie interdisziplinäre Zugänge zum Phänomen \textgreater\textgreaterRaum\textless\textless - von der Physik und der Geographie bis hin zur Philosophie und Soziologie. Im Hauptteil erläutert sie, wie sich historische Raumanalysen methodisch-theoretisch konzipieren und praktisch durchführen lassen; dazu stellt sie historische Beispiele vor allem aus den Bereichen Stadtgeschichte, Handelsgeschichte und Globalgeschichte vor. Mit diesem Buch liegt erstmals eine Einführung in die Theorie und Praxis der historischen Raumanalyse vor.

@phdthesis{de_buiteleir_tyrol_2013,
	address = {Galway},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Tyrol or not tyrol : theatre as history in {Südtirol}/{Alto} {Adige}},
	school = {National University of Ireland},
	author = {de Buiteléir, Nóra},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{de_buiteleir_tyrol_2013-1,
	address = {Oxford and Bern and Berlin and Bruxelles and Frankfurt, M and New York, NY and Wien},
	series = {Cultural identity studies},
	title = {Tyrol or not tyrol: {Theatre} as history in {Südtirol}/{Alto} {Adige}},
	volume = {25},
	isbn = {978-3-0343-0731-4},
	publisher = {Lang},
	author = {de Buiteléir, Nóra},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{lechner_ubergange_2013,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Übergänge und {Perspektiven}. {Grundzüge} der {Landesgeschichte}: {Geschichtsbuch} {Bd}. 3. {Südtirol} seit 1919},
	isbn = {978-88-8266-716-0},
	publisher = {Verl.-Anst. Athesia},
	editor = {Lechner, Stefan and Mezzalira, Giogio and Palla, Luciana and Spada, Alessandra and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2013},
}

@book{gruppo_di_lavoro_per_un_museo_nelle_semirurali_semirurali_2013,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Semirurali e dintorni},
	url = {http://www.comune.bolzano.it/UploadDocs/12939_02_Testo_ita_2013.pdf},
	author = {{Gruppo di lavoro Per un Museo nelle Semirurali}},
	year = {2013},
}

@article{glen_return_2013,
	title = {Return migration},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm453},
	doi = {10.1002/9781444351071.wbeghm453},
	abstract = {Prior to the 1960s, there was hardly any mention at all of return migration in the vast literature on human migration. Studies of migration often proceeded as if the phenomenon of return migration never occurred. Migration was viewed as a one‐way process beginning with “uprooting” at the point of origin and ending with “assimilation” into one's adopted culture and country. This notion of migration as a unidirectional process was greatly influenced by the dominance of nation‐based categories of analysis in which people were identified by the national groupings to which they formally belonged. In fact, return migration is a common feature of most human migrations. For instance, it has been estimated that “at least” one‐third of the 52 million Europeans who emigrated from Europe between 1824 and 1924 eventually returned permanently to their original homelands (Wyman 2005: 16).},
	language = {Englisch},
	journal = {The Encyclopedia of Global Human Migration},
	author = {Glen, Peterson},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {1--5},
}

Prior to the 1960s, there was hardly any mention at all of return migration in the vast literature on human migration. Studies of migration often proceeded as if the phenomenon of return migration never occurred. Migration was viewed as a one‐way process beginning with “uprooting” at the point of origin and ending with “assimilation” into one's adopted culture and country. This notion of migration as a unidirectional process was greatly influenced by the dominance of nation‐based categories of analysis in which people were identified by the national groupings to which they formally belonged. In fact, return migration is a common feature of most human migrations. For instance, it has been estimated that “at least” one‐third of the 52 million Europeans who emigrated from Europe between 1824 and 1924 eventually returned permanently to their original homelands (Wyman 2005: 16).

@incollection{olivier_brain_2013,
	title = {Brain {Gain} oder {Brain} {Clash}? {Implizites} transnationales {Wissen} im {Kontext} von {Rückkehr}-{Migration}},
	language = {German},
	booktitle = {Transnationales {Wissen} und {Soziale} {Arbeit}},
	publisher = {Beltz Juventa},
	author = {Olivier, Claudia},
	editor = {Bender, Désirée and Duscha, Annemarie and Huber, Lena and Klein-Zimmer, Kathrin},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {181--205},
}

@article{rupnow_deprovincializing_2013,
	title = {Deprovincializing {Contemporary} {Austrian} {History} {A} {Plea} for a {Transnational} {History} of {Austria} as a {Migration} {Society}},
	volume = {40},
	number = {1},
	journal = {zeitgeschichte},
	author = {Rupnow, Dirk},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {5--21},
}

@article{benelli_migration_2013,
	title = {Migration discourses in {Italy}},
	copyright = {https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/},
	issn = {1718-5556},
	url = {https://journals.openedition.org/cm/1419},
	abstract = {In the last thirty years, Italy has undergone an anthropological revolution: from a country of emigration that exported millions of emigrants around the world, it has reversed its vocation and has become a country of immigration. The presence of the newcomers on the Italian territory has not always been welcomed and integration has been problematical on diverse levels. In this article I explore how the rhetoric of the State, its laws and the media have portrayed the newcomers under the negative label of a “biblical exodus” or as a “mass invasion” (Portelli, Dal Lago) and have ineffectively managed the process of integration (Dal Lago, Parati). In order to counterbalance this inhospitable rhetoric of the State, I examine the construction of migrant’s narrative identity through the writings of some Italophone authors (Methnani, Ebri and Scego) who started to discuss issues of representation in their works and to reflect on the rapidly changing Italian society. In their works these authors “talk back” (Parati) to the host society entering a dialogic process (Bakhtin) whose mandate is to subvert prejudices and problematize the very notion of Italian national identity.},
	language = {en},
	number = {\#13},
	urldate = {2023-02-15},
	journal = {Conserveries mémorielles. Revue transdisciplinaire},
	author = {Benelli, Elena},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Number: \#13
Publisher: Chaire de recherche du Canada en histoire comparée de la mémoire},
	keywords = {immigration, migration, discourse., identity, Italian state, medias, migrant writers, racism},
}

In the last thirty years, Italy has undergone an anthropological revolution: from a country of emigration that exported millions of emigrants around the world, it has reversed its vocation and has become a country of immigration. The presence of the newcomers on the Italian territory has not always been welcomed and integration has been problematical on diverse levels. In this article I explore how the rhetoric of the State, its laws and the media have portrayed the newcomers under the negative label of a “biblical exodus” or as a “mass invasion” (Portelli, Dal Lago) and have ineffectively managed the process of integration (Dal Lago, Parati). In order to counterbalance this inhospitable rhetoric of the State, I examine the construction of migrant’s narrative identity through the writings of some Italophone authors (Methnani, Ebri and Scego) who started to discuss issues of representation in their works and to reflect on the rapidly changing Italian society. In their works these authors “talk back” (Parati) to the host society entering a dialogic process (Bakhtin) whose mandate is to subvert prejudices and problematize the very notion of Italian national identity.

@article{pergher_staging_2012,
	title = {Staging the {Nation} in {Fascist} {Italy}'s {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNew} {Provinces}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	volume = {43},
	journal = {Austrian History Yearbook},
	author = {Pergher, Roberta},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {98--115},
}

@phdthesis{moriggl_alpenverein_2012,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Alpenverein {Südtirol} und {Club} {Alpino} {Italiano} : politische {Auseinandersetzungen} um den {Besitz} der {Schutzhütten}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Moriggl, Tobias},
	year = {2012},
}

@book{ostermann_grenzraum_2012,
	address = {Bielefeld},
	series = {Histoire ({Transcript} ({Firm}))},
	title = {Der {Grenzraum} als {Erinnerungsort}: Über den {Wandel} zu einer postnationalen {Erinnerungskultur} in {Europa}},
	volume = {34},
	isbn = {978-3-8376-2066-5},
	publisher = {Transcript},
	editor = {Ostermann, Patrick and Müller, Claudia and Rehberg, Karl-Siegbert},
	year = {2012},
}

@book{obermair_regionale_2012,
	address = {Wien},
	edition = {1},
	title = {Regionale {Zivilgesellschaft} in {Bewegung}: {Festschrift} für {Hans} {Heiss} = {Cittadini} innanzi tutto : scritti in onore di {Hans} {Heiss}},
	isbn = {978-3-85256-618-4},
	publisher = {Folio},
	editor = {Obermair, Hannes and Risse, Stephanie and Romeo, Carlo},
	year = {2012},
}

@phdthesis{oberhauser_alpini-denkmal_2012,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Das {Alpini}-{Denkmal} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblKapuziner}-{Wastl}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl in {Bruneck} und dessen {Rezeption} in der deutsch- und italienischsprachigen {Tagespresse} {Südtirols} mit {Ausarbeitung} eines {Schulprojektes}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Oberhauser, Alexandra},
	year = {2012},
}

@book{scarano_tra_2012,
	address = {Milano},
	series = {Storia internazionale dell'età contemporanea, 11},
	title = {Tra {Mussolini} e {Hitler}. {Le} opzioni dei sudtirolesi nella politica estera fascista},
	isbn = {978-88-204-0918-0},
	publisher = {FrancoAngeli},
	editor = {Scarano, Federico},
	year = {2012},
}

@phdthesis{wiegele_denn_2012,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {"{Denn} ich habe erkannt und gelernt, daß wir (...) die fremden {Auswanderer} und {Heimatlosen} gewesen sind." {Option} und {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler} am {Beispiel} der {Gemeinde} {Vintl}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Wiegele, Alexandra},
	year = {2012},
}

@phdthesis{stofner_offentliche_2012,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Öffentliche {Räume} und {Denkmäler} {Südtirols} im {Diskurs} : {Darstellung} und {Umsetzung} der {Problematik} auf {Basis} der {Lehrpläne} für {Südtirols} {Schulen}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Stofner, Verena},
	year = {2012},
}

@incollection{steurer_propaganda_2012,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Propaganda im {\textbackslash}{textquotedblBefreiungskampf}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	isbn = {978-3-85256-618-4},
	booktitle = {Regionale {Zivilgesellschaft} in {Bewegung}},
	publisher = {Folio},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Obermair, Hannes and Risse, Stephanie and Romeo, Carlo},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {386--399},
}

@book{steininger_sudtirol_2012,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Südtirol. {Vom} {Ersten} {Weltkrieg} bis zur {Gegenwart}},
	isbn = {3-85218-925-X},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {2012},
}

@incollection{cole_geteiltes_2012,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Geteiltes {Land} und getrennte {Erzählungen}. {Erinnerungskulturen} des {Ersten} {Weltkrieges} in den {Nachfolgeregionen} des {Kronlandes} {Tirol}},
	isbn = {978-3-85256-618-4},
	booktitle = {Regionale {Zivilgesellschaft} in {Bewegung}},
	publisher = {Folio},
	author = {Cole, Laurence},
	editor = {Obermair, Hannes and Risse, Stephanie and Romeo, Carlo},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {502--531},
}

@book{brandes_textquotedblumvolkung_2012,
	address = {München},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblUmvolkung}, {Umsiedlung}, rassische {Bestandsaufnahme}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {NS}-{\textbackslash}{textquotedblVolkstumspolitik}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl in den böhmischen {Ländern}: {Veröffentlichungen} des {Collegium} {Carolinum}, 125},
	publisher = {Oldenbourg Verlag},
	author = {Brandes, Detlef},
	year = {2012},
}

@incollection{gehler_prefazione_2012,
	address = {Milano},
	series = {Storia internazionale dell'età contemporanea, 11},
	title = {Prefazione},
	isbn = {978-88-204-0918-0},
	booktitle = {Tra {Mussolini} e {Hitler}. {Le} opzioni dei sudtirolesi nella politica estera fascista},
	publisher = {FrancoAngeli},
	author = {Gehler, Michael},
	editor = {Scarano, Federico},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {7--16},
}

@book{grote_south_2012,
	address = {Oxford-New York},
	title = {The {South} {Tyrol} question, 1866-2010: from national rage to regional state: {Cultural} identity studies, 10},
	isbn = {978-3-03911-336-1},
	publisher = {Peter Lang},
	author = {Grote, Georg},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {History, Europe, Politics and government, Social conditions, Nationalism, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Collective memory, Austrians, Civil rights, Group identity, Minorities, Political aspects, Regionalism},
}

@incollection{heiss_erinnerungskulturen_2012,
	address = {Bielefeld},
	series = {Histoire ({Transcript} ({Firm}))},
	title = {Erinnerungskulturen im {Widerstreit}. {Das} {Beispiel} der {Stadt} {Bozen}/{Bolzano} 2000-2010},
	isbn = {978-3-8376-2066-5},
	booktitle = {Der {Grenzraum} als {Erinnerungsort}},
	publisher = {Transcript},
	author = {Heiss, Hans and Obermair, Hannes},
	editor = {Ostermann, Patrick and Müller, Claudia and Rehberg, Karl-Siegbert},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {63--80},
}

@book{harper_emigrant_2012,
	address = {Manchester},
	series = {Studies in {Imperialism} {MUP}},
	title = {Emigrant homecomings: {The} return movement of emigrants, 1600-2000},
	isbn = {0-7190-7071-6},
	abstract = {Emigrant homecomings addresses the significant but neglected issue of return migration to Britain and Europe since 1600. While emigration studies have become prominent in both scholarly and popular circles in recent years, return migration has remained comparatively under-researched, despite evidence that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries between a quarter and a third of all emigrants from many parts of Britain and Europe ultimately returned to their countries of origin. Emigrant homecomings analyses the motives, experiences and impact of these returning migrants in a wide range of locations over four hundred years, as well as examining the mechanisms and technologies which enabled their return.

The book examines the multiple identities that migrants adopted and the huge range and complexity of homecomers' motives and experiences. It also dissects migrants' perception of 'home' and the social, economic, cultural and political change that their return engendered.},
	language = {Englisch},
	publisher = {Manchester University Press;},
	editor = {Harper, Marjory},
	year = {2012},
}

Emigrant homecomings addresses the significant but neglected issue of return migration to Britain and Europe since 1600. While emigration studies have become prominent in both scholarly and popular circles in recent years, return migration has remained comparatively under-researched, despite evidence that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries between a quarter and a third of all emigrants from many parts of Britain and Europe ultimately returned to their countries of origin. Emigrant homecomings analyses the motives, experiences and impact of these returning migrants in a wide range of locations over four hundred years, as well as examining the mechanisms and technologies which enabled their return. The book examines the multiple identities that migrants adopted and the huge range and complexity of homecomers' motives and experiences. It also dissects migrants' perception of 'home' and the social, economic, cultural and political change that their return engendered.

@article{salvatici_help_2012,
	title = {'{Help} the {People} to {Help} {Themselves}': {UNRRA} {Relief} {Workers} and {European} {Displaced} {Persons}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {0951-6328, 1471-6925},
	shorttitle = {'{Help} the {People} to {Help} {Themselves}'},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jrs/fes019},
	doi = {10.1093/jrs/fes019},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-05-23},
	journal = {Journal of Refugee Studies},
	author = {Salvatici, S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pages = {428--451},
}

@book{oltmer_globale_2012,
	address = {C.H. Beck},
	title = {Globale {Migration} {Geschichte} und {Gegenwart}},
	isbn = {978-3-406-64093-3},
	abstract = {Migration ist ein globales Zukunftsthema. Debatten ??ber die Folgen des Wachstums der Weltbev??lkerung, den Zustrom von Fl??chtlingen vor allem aus Afrika oder die Alterung der Gesellschaften im reichen 'Norden' belegen dies in aller Deutlichkeit. Nur selten wird jedoch klar gesehen, dass Migration und Integration Ergebnis historischer Prozesse und staatlich verordneter Politik sind. Jochen Oltmers souver??ner Uberblick zeigt die Hintergr??nde, Formen und Konsequenzen globaler Migration in der Neuzeit und schildert die gro??en Bev??lkerungsbewegungen, die die Welt im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert fundamental gepr??gt haben},
	language = {German},
	author = {Oltmer, Jochen},
	year = {2012},
	note = {OCLC: 948635226},
}

Migration ist ein globales Zukunftsthema. Debatten ??ber die Folgen des Wachstums der Weltbev??lkerung, den Zustrom von Fl??chtlingen vor allem aus Afrika oder die Alterung der Gesellschaften im reichen 'Norden' belegen dies in aller Deutlichkeit. Nur selten wird jedoch klar gesehen, dass Migration und Integration Ergebnis historischer Prozesse und staatlich verordneter Politik sind. Jochen Oltmers souver??ner Uberblick zeigt die Hintergr??nde, Formen und Konsequenzen globaler Migration in der Neuzeit und schildert die gro??en Bev??lkerungsbewegungen, die die Welt im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert fundamental gepr??gt haben

@article{albrich_von_2012,
	title = {Von der {Zwangsarbeit} ins {DP}-{Lager}. {Fremde} in Österreich in der unmittelbaren {Nachkriegszeit}},
	volume = {3},
	journal = {Neujahrsblätter des Historischen Archivs der Marktgemeinde Lustenau},
	author = {Albrich, Thomas},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {86--106},
}

@misc{belanovsky_dp_2012,
	title = {{DP} {Camp} in {Kufstein}, {Austria}},
	url = {http://www.kogevins.com/english/eugene-and-raissa-kogevin/dp-camp-in-kufstein-austria/},
	abstract = {It is difficult to say today how Eugene and Raissa found themselves in Germany and there are little chances we shall ever know the truth. The most reasonable explanation would be that they were deported to the Third Reich in 1943, yet there are some grounds to believe that they went to Germany half-voluntarily. Indirect evidence of this theory is that the couple took a great number of family papers and photos, which suggests that they had enough time to get packed. The second argument in favor of this version is the Kogevins’ acquaintance with priest Adrian Rymarenko. The citizens of Kiev who had to collaborate with the German occupational authorities, were well aware of what would await them after the liberation of the city by the Red Army; moreover, German authorities eagerly spread those threats. As a road and bridge construction engineer, Eugene possibly expected that his skills would be demanded in Germany. Whether true or not, the identification documents provided to him by the Allies show him arriving in Austria on January 7, 1944 (Kiev was liberated by the Red Army in November 43). Shortly after his arrival in Germany Eugene was sent to the Austrian city of Linz. Among the Kogevin papers is a photocopied notary’s certificate stating that Eugene and Raissa Kogevin lost their luggage during evacuation from Linz on April 20, 1945. For reference, this happened when the 3rd Ukrainian Front under the command of Gen. Tolbukhin pursued fierce offensive battles against the Army Group “South.” According to a certificate issued by the Committee of Russian Emigrants, on July 28, 1945 the Kogevins were in Innsbruck. Two months later, on October 3, they were admitted to the Kufstein displaced persons camp, controlled by the French Sector of the UNRRA. The Kogevins were extremely lucky – French authorities did not extradite displaced persons to the Soviets. It is a well-known fact that Soviet citizens, fully aware of what awaited them in Russia, did everything they could to conceal their nationality in order to avoid deportation to Stalin’s “paradise.” The Kogevins declared to the French occupational authorities that before the war they had lived in Napoli, Italy. The reason why they chose Italy was that Eugene’s brother Constantin had lived there before moving to the United States in 1937. To support this legend, the Kogevins traveled from Kufstein to Italy – among their papers is a notarized statement by an Italian couple in Rome saying that “they personally know Constantin and Alina Kogevin presently residing in New York and are ready to rent out a dwelling to his brother and his wife before their departure to the United States.” While in Kufstein, the Kogevins immediately started to make efforts for obtaining permission to enter the United States. Under the U.S. laws, the right to immigrate to America was granted only to those who had relatives in the United States, and in this sense, brother Constantin was the life ring that was thrown to them by God. But it took as many as four years before the Kogevins were finally granted permission to enter the U.S. Among the Kogevin papers I found Constantin’s letter to Eugene and Raissa dated May 1946 in which he instructed them what they should say to American immigration authorities when applying for a visa. On July 19, 1949 Eugene and Raisa Kogevin boarded the U.S.S. General Muir and ten days later, on the 29, successfully arrived in the New York haven. During their four-year residence at the Kufstein DP camp, the Kogevins met the Hitrovo-Balitzky family. Nicholas Hitrovo was a nephew of the maid-of-honor Margarita Hitrovo who followed Tsar Nicholas II and his family to Tobolsk and luckily escaped death by emigrating from Russia. Nicholas Hitrovo was born in Yekaterinodar in 1919. After the Russian Civil war, his family settled in Yugoslavia where he finished a Russian cadet school in 1938. As the Red Army was advancing Yugoslavia in 1944, Nicholas Hitrovo, his wife Marina, their little children and her parents Sergei and Glafira Balitzky fled to Austria. In 1947, a consul of Venezuela visited the camp and offered its residents good jobs in his country. Among those who accepted this offer were Nicholas Hitrovo and his family. Since that time the Hitrovo family has settled in Venezuela. Decades later, in an interview with the Moscow-published newspaper Literaturnaya Gazeta Nicholas Hitrovo recalled his first steps on the Venezuelan soil: “We withstood everything. Because we didn’t forget each other, didn’t cease to be Russians, didn’t ran every which way. On the contrary, we immediately founded a cadet association. Especially since all of us had on the bottoms of our suitcases old shoulder straps, copper buckles and cockades, flags and banderoles. What’s the use of this stuff, you would say, on the banks of the Orinoco and the Andes slopes, but just imagine, it did prove useful! By the way, we got advantage of the oil fever in Venezuela, it allowed us to earn money and even save something for a rainy day. For instance, I was employed by American Standard Oil and managed its drafting department for many years…” The Kogevins kept corresponding with the Hitrovo-Balitzky for many years. Nicholas Hitrovo’s mother-in-law, Glafira Balitzky, at the end of her life, left for Jerusalem where she became a nun of the Gethsimany Monastery. Shortly before his death, Nicholas Hitrovo donated some parts of his archive to Russia.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-06-01},
	journal = {Kogevins},
	author = {Belanovsky, Dmitry},
	year = {2012},
}

It is difficult to say today how Eugene and Raissa found themselves in Germany and there are little chances we shall ever know the truth. The most reasonable explanation would be that they were deported to the Third Reich in 1943, yet there are some grounds to believe that they went to Germany half-voluntarily. Indirect evidence of this theory is that the couple took a great number of family papers and photos, which suggests that they had enough time to get packed. The second argument in favor of this version is the Kogevins’ acquaintance with priest Adrian Rymarenko. The citizens of Kiev who had to collaborate with the German occupational authorities, were well aware of what would await them after the liberation of the city by the Red Army; moreover, German authorities eagerly spread those threats. As a road and bridge construction engineer, Eugene possibly expected that his skills would be demanded in Germany. Whether true or not, the identification documents provided to him by the Allies show him arriving in Austria on January 7, 1944 (Kiev was liberated by the Red Army in November 43). Shortly after his arrival in Germany Eugene was sent to the Austrian city of Linz. Among the Kogevin papers is a photocopied notary’s certificate stating that Eugene and Raissa Kogevin lost their luggage during evacuation from Linz on April 20, 1945. For reference, this happened when the 3rd Ukrainian Front under the command of Gen. Tolbukhin pursued fierce offensive battles against the Army Group “South.” According to a certificate issued by the Committee of Russian Emigrants, on July 28, 1945 the Kogevins were in Innsbruck. Two months later, on October 3, they were admitted to the Kufstein displaced persons camp, controlled by the French Sector of the UNRRA. The Kogevins were extremely lucky – French authorities did not extradite displaced persons to the Soviets. It is a well-known fact that Soviet citizens, fully aware of what awaited them in Russia, did everything they could to conceal their nationality in order to avoid deportation to Stalin’s “paradise.” The Kogevins declared to the French occupational authorities that before the war they had lived in Napoli, Italy. The reason why they chose Italy was that Eugene’s brother Constantin had lived there before moving to the United States in 1937. To support this legend, the Kogevins traveled from Kufstein to Italy – among their papers is a notarized statement by an Italian couple in Rome saying that “they personally know Constantin and Alina Kogevin presently residing in New York and are ready to rent out a dwelling to his brother and his wife before their departure to the United States.” While in Kufstein, the Kogevins immediately started to make efforts for obtaining permission to enter the United States. Under the U.S. laws, the right to immigrate to America was granted only to those who had relatives in the United States, and in this sense, brother Constantin was the life ring that was thrown to them by God. But it took as many as four years before the Kogevins were finally granted permission to enter the U.S. Among the Kogevin papers I found Constantin’s letter to Eugene and Raissa dated May 1946 in which he instructed them what they should say to American immigration authorities when applying for a visa. On July 19, 1949 Eugene and Raisa Kogevin boarded the U.S.S. General Muir and ten days later, on the 29, successfully arrived in the New York haven. During their four-year residence at the Kufstein DP camp, the Kogevins met the Hitrovo-Balitzky family. Nicholas Hitrovo was a nephew of the maid-of-honor Margarita Hitrovo who followed Tsar Nicholas II and his family to Tobolsk and luckily escaped death by emigrating from Russia. Nicholas Hitrovo was born in Yekaterinodar in 1919. After the Russian Civil war, his family settled in Yugoslavia where he finished a Russian cadet school in 1938. As the Red Army was advancing Yugoslavia in 1944, Nicholas Hitrovo, his wife Marina, their little children and her parents Sergei and Glafira Balitzky fled to Austria. In 1947, a consul of Venezuela visited the camp and offered its residents good jobs in his country. Among those who accepted this offer were Nicholas Hitrovo and his family. Since that time the Hitrovo family has settled in Venezuela. Decades later, in an interview with the Moscow-published newspaper Literaturnaya Gazeta Nicholas Hitrovo recalled his first steps on the Venezuelan soil: “We withstood everything. Because we didn’t forget each other, didn’t cease to be Russians, didn’t ran every which way. On the contrary, we immediately founded a cadet association. Especially since all of us had on the bottoms of our suitcases old shoulder straps, copper buckles and cockades, flags and banderoles. What’s the use of this stuff, you would say, on the banks of the Orinoco and the Andes slopes, but just imagine, it did prove useful! By the way, we got advantage of the oil fever in Venezuela, it allowed us to earn money and even save something for a rainy day. For instance, I was employed by American Standard Oil and managed its drafting department for many years…” The Kogevins kept corresponding with the Hitrovo-Balitzky for many years. Nicholas Hitrovo’s mother-in-law, Glafira Balitzky, at the end of her life, left for Jerusalem where she became a nun of the Gethsimany Monastery. Shortly before his death, Nicholas Hitrovo donated some parts of his archive to Russia.

@incollection{pfanzelter_unvollkommene_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Unvollkommene {Demokratisierung}: {Italien} 1943–1945},
	isbn = {3-7065-5008-3},
	booktitle = {Stationen im 20. {Jahrhundert}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Pfanzelter, Eva},
	editor = {Böhler, Ingrid and Pfanzelter, Eva and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {113--137},
}

@incollection{romeo_anerkennung_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Anerkennung nach langer {Zeit}. {Die} schwierigen {Beziehungen} zwischen dem deutschen und italienischen {Widerstand} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Romeo, Carlo},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {281--306},
}

@book{pallaver_deutsche_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
}

@incollection{pallaver_umgang_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Der {Umgang} mit einem {Trauma}. Über das {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {7--12},
}

@incollection{pallaver_hitler_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Hitler hat uns verraten - {Hitler} ist unser {Retter}. {Argumente} für und gegen die {Option}. {Eine} {Typologisierung}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {159--183},
}

@incollection{pallaver_option_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die {Option} im {Jahre} 1939. {Rahmenbedingungen}, {Ablauf} und {Folgen}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {13--34},
}

@incollection{ohnewein_sudtiroler_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Die {Südtiroler} {Landesmuseen}: {Ausdruck} einer neuen {Landesidentität}},
	isbn = {3-7030-0490-8},
	booktitle = {Südtirolismen},
	publisher = {Wagner},
	author = {Ohnewein, Thomas},
	editor = {Grote, Georg and Siller, Barbara},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {113--121},
}

@incollection{valente_sobald_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {"{Sobald} die {Deutschen} einmal abgezogen sind". {Die} "litalienische {Sprachgruppe}" in {Südtirol} und die {Option}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Valente, Paolo},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {185--198},
}

@book{tschurtschenthaler_so_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {So geh ich als einsamer {Mensch} hinweg. {Paul} {Tschurtschenthalers} {Brunecker} {Chronik} 1939-1941},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Tschurtschenthaler, Paul},
	year = {2011},
}

@incollection{verdorfer_geschichte_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Geschichte und {Gedächtnis}. {Die} {Erinnerung} an die {Option} von 1939},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {365--383},
}

@incollection{steurer_gottglaubig_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Gottgläubig und führertreu. {Anton} {Graf} {Bossi}-{Fedrigotti}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold and Steinacher, Gerald},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {199--249},
}

@incollection{steurer_textquotedblgruse_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblGrüße} uns alle {Kameraden} mit {Heil} {Hitler}!{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Südtiroler} {Kriegsfreiwillige} im {Optionsgeschehen}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {51--109},
}

@incollection{steurer_auflosung_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {"{Auflösung} und {Abruf}". {Das} frühe {Interesse} des {Dritten} {Reichs} an der {Um}- und {Rücksiedlung} der "{Auslandsdeutschen}"},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {35--49},
}

@incollection{steurer_anno_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Anno {Neun} aus der {Sicht} von außen. {Andreas} {Hofer} und die {Südtiroler} {Umsiedlung} im {Spiegel} der internationalen {Presse} des {Jahres} 1939},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {111--158},
}

@incollection{steinacher_hans_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Hans {Egarter} - {Für} {Glaube} und {Heimat} gegen {Hitler}. {Eine} biografische {Skizze}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steinacher, Gerald},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {251--279},
}

@incollection{steinacher_adolf_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Adolf {Eichmann}. {Ein} {Optant} aus {Tramin}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steinacher, Gerald},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {307--337},
}

@book{ertl_otzi_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien},
	title = {Der Ötzi pflückt das {Edelweiß}. {Bausteine} {Tiroler} {Identität}},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verlag},
	editor = {Ertl, Thomas},
	year = {2011},
}

@book{dietrich-daum_psychiatrische_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Psychiatrische {Landschaften}. {Die} {Psychiatrie} und ihre {Patientinnen} und {Patienten} im historischen {Raum} {Tirol} seit 1830},
	isbn = {978-3-902811-11-0},
	publisher = {innsbruck university press},
	editor = {Dietrich-Daum, Elisabeth and Kuprian, Hermann J. W. and Clementi, Siglinde and Heidegger, Maria and Ralser, Michaela},
	year = {2011},
}

@phdthesis{cova_opzione_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {L'opzione sudtirolese al di fuori del territorio degli accordi del 23 giugno 1939: mòcheni, luserni e fassani},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Cova, Paolo},
	year = {2011},
}

@book{gasteiger_wiesenegg_so_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {So geh ich als einsamer {Mensch} hinweg. {Paul} {Tschurtschenthalers} {Brunecker} {Chronik} 1939-1941},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	editor = {Gasteiger Wiesenegg, Josef},
	year = {2011},
}

@incollection{foppa_vom_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Vom {\textbackslash}{textquotedblReich} im {Herzen}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl bis zum {\textbackslash}{textquotedblBoden} unter den {Füßen}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Zur} {Option} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-386-5},
	booktitle = {Deutsche! {Hitler} verkauft euch! {Das} {Erbe} von {Option} und {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Foppa, Brigitte},
	editor = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {339--363},
}

@incollection{fiebrandt__2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {"... mit {Krankentransporten} und {Krankenwagen} ins {Reich} abgewandert". {Das} {Schicksal} der {Südtiroler} {PsychiatriepatienInnen} im {Rahmen} der {Umsiedlung} 1939-1943},
	isbn = {978-3-902811-11-0},
	booktitle = {Psychiatrische {Landschaften}. {Die} {Psychiatrie} und ihre {Patientinnen} und {Patienten} im historischen {Raum} {Tirol} seit 1830},
	publisher = {innsbruck university press},
	author = {Fiebrandt, Maria},
	editor = {Dietrich-Daum, Elisabeth and Kuprian, Hermann J. W. and Clementi, Siglinde and Heidegger, Maria and Ralser, Michaela},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {165--171},
}

@phdthesis{astenwald_genese_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Genese, {Transformation} und {Persistenz} der {Südtiroler} {Siedlungen} in {Innsbruck} - {Neu}-{Pradl}. {Politische}, ideologische und städtebauliche {Hintergründe} einer {Siedlungserweiterung} der {NS}-{Zeit}, sowie deren {Verflechtung} mit Österreichs {Sozialem} {Wohnbau} von 1918-1945},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Astenwald, Michael},
	year = {2011},
}

@book{bohler_stationen_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Stationen im 20. {Jahrhundert}},
	volume = {27},
	isbn = {3-7065-5008-3},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	editor = {Böhler, Ingrid and Pfanzelter, Eva and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Relations internationales},
}

@incollection{bua_ueber_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {"ueber allem schwebt der henngeier". {Diskursive} {Trans}-/{Formationen} {Südtiroler} {Identität}},
	isbn = {3-7030-0490-8},
	booktitle = {Südtirolismen},
	publisher = {Wagner},
	author = {Bua, Vincenzo and Oberprantacher, Andreas and Pasqualoni, Pier Paolo},
	editor = {Grote, Georg and Siller, Barbara},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {305--324},
}

@incollection{kofler_topografie_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien},
	title = {Eine {Topografie} des {Erinnerns}. {Südtirol} im 20. {Jahrhundert}},
	booktitle = {Der Ötzi pflückt das {Edelweiß}. {Bausteine} {Tiroler} {Identität}},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verlag},
	author = {Kofler, Astrid and Peterlini, Hans Karl},
	editor = {Ertl, Thomas},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {128--149},
}

@book{de_luna_repubblica_2011,
	address = {Milano},
	edition = {1},
	series = {Storie},
	title = {La {Repubblica} del dolore: {Le} memorie di un'{Italia} divisa},
	isbn = {88-07-11110-1},
	publisher = {Feltrinelli},
	author = {de Luna, Giovanni},
	year = {2011},
}

@book{lufter_wie_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Wie die {Schwalben} fliegen sie aus: {Südtirolerinnen} als {Dienstmädchen} in italienischen {Städten}, 1920-1960},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-407-7},
	publisher = {Raetia},
	author = {Lüfter, Ursula and Verdorfer, Martha and Wallnöfer, Adelina},
	year = {2011},
}

@incollection{lechner_vom_2011,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Vom {Heimbleiben} und {Gehen}: {Die} {Option} in {Bruneck} und {Paul} {Tschurtschenthaler}},
	booktitle = {So geh ich als einsamer {Mensch} hinweg. {Paul} {Tschurtschenthalers} {Brunecker} {Chronik} 1939-1941},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	editor = {Gasteiger Wiesenegg, Josef},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {10--17},
}

@book{grote_sudtirolismen_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Südtirolismen: {Erinnerungskulturen} - {Gegenwartsreflexionen} - {Zukunftsvisionen}},
	isbn = {3-7030-0490-8},
	publisher = {Wagner},
	editor = {Grote, Georg and Siller, Barbara},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {National characteristics, Kollektives Gedächtnis, Italian, Identitätsfindung, Minderheitenrecht},
}

@incollection{giudiceandrea_sudtirolerin_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {S{üdtirolerIn} als {Identität}. {Die} schwierige {Ausbildung} von {Identitätsmodellen} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-7030-0490-8},
	booktitle = {Südtirolismen},
	publisher = {Wagner},
	author = {Giudiceandrea, Lucio},
	editor = {Grote, Georg and Siller, Barbara},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {281--292},
}

@phdthesis{hainz_nsdap_2011,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {NSDAP} und der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblVölkische} {Kampfring} {Südtirol}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl ({VKS}) im {Vergleich}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Hainz, Andreas Jürgen},
	year = {2011},
}

@book{morsch_umfassende_2010,
	title = {Eine umfassende {Neubewertung} der {Europäischen} {Geschichte}},
	url = {http://www.gedenkstaettenforum.de/nc/aktuelles/einzelansicht/news/eine_umfassende_neubewertung_der_europaeischen_geschichte/},
	author = {Morsch, Günter},
	month = oct,
	year = {2010},
}

@incollection{melichar_option_2010,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler}},
	booktitle = {Zeitgeschichtliche {Streiflichter}. {Tirol} in der {Ersten} {Republik}, unter dem {Nationalsozialismus} und in der {Nachkriegszeit}. {Ein} {Unterrichtsbehelf} für {Lehrerinnen} und {Lehrer}},
	publisher = {Universitätsverlag Wagner},
	author = {Melichar, Franz G.},
	editor = {Beimrohr, Wilfried and Schober, Richard},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {120--146},
}

@book{meier_gebot_2010,
	address = {Bonn},
	edition = {Lizenzausg.},
	series = {Schriftenreihe},
	title = {Das {Gebot} zu vergessen und die {Unabweisbarkeit} des {Erinnerns}: {Vom} öffentlichen {Umgang} mit schlimmer {Vergangenheit}},
	isbn = {978-3-8389-0063-6},
	publisher = {Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung},
	author = {Meier, Christian},
	year = {2010},
}

@article{schorkowitz_geschichte_2010,
	title = {Geschichte, {Identitat} und {Gewalt} im {Kontext} postsozialistischer {Nationsbildung}},
	volume = {135},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Zeitschrift für Ethnologie},
	author = {Schorkowitz, Dittmar},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {99--160},
}

@phdthesis{schmiedmeier_textquotedblkanaltaler_2010,
	address = {Graz},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {\textbackslash}{textquotedblKanaltaler} {Option}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Nationalsozialistische} {Umsiedlungspolitik} von {Minderheiten} während des {Zweiten} {Weltkrieges}. {Ein} {Beitrag} zur {Migrationsforschung}},
	school = {Universität Graz},
	author = {Schmiedmeier, Sibylle},
	year = {2010},
}

@phdthesis{stecher_textquotedblheimattextquotedbl_2010,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblHeimat}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl im politischen {Spannungsfeld} zwischen {\textbackslash}{textquotedblGehen}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl und {\textbackslash}{textquotedblBleiben}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Das} {Fallbeispiel} {Option} im {Jahre} 1939},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Stecher, Sarah},
	year = {2010},
}

@book{forcher_sudtirol_2010,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Südtirol in {Geschichte} und {Gegenwart}},
	isbn = {978-3-85218-636-8},
	publisher = {Haymon},
	author = {Forcher, Michael and Peterlini, Hans Karl},
	year = {2010},
}

@book{beimrohr_zeitgeschichtliche_2010,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Zeitgeschichtliche {Streiflichter}. {Tirol} in der {Ersten} {Republik}, unter dem {Nationalsozialismus} und in der {Nachkriegszeit}. {Ein} {Unterrichtsbehelf} für {Lehrerinnen} und {Lehrer}},
	publisher = {Universitätsverlag Wagner},
	editor = {Beimrohr, Wilfried and Schober, Richard},
	year = {2010},
}

@article{hye_textquotedblneue_2010,
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeue} {Heimat}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl in {Innsbruck}. {Von} der {Südtiroler} {Siedlung} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblPradl}-{Ost}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, errichtet 1939 bis 1944, zur {Pfarre} zu den heiligen {Schutzengeln}},
	volume = {84},
	number = {6-7},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Hye, Franz-Heinz},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {4--15},
}

@book{linger_offentliche_2010,
	title = {Die öffentliche {Darstellung} des {Südtiroler} {Schriftstellers} {Josef} {Wenter} - {Eine} {Studie} zum {Thema} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblVergangenheitsbewältigung}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	isbn = {978-3-640-54507-0},
	url = {http://books.google.de/books?id=CQt8iJ1hnrQC},
	publisher = {GRIN Verlag},
	author = {Linger, C.},
	year = {2010},
}

@phdthesis{hellrigl_katakombenschule_2010,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Katakombenschule} unter besonderer {Berücksichtigung} des {Vinschgaus} mit schulisch-didaktischer {Aufbereitung}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Hellrigl, Simone},
	year = {2010},
}

@book{agazzi_heimkehr_2010,
	address = {Trient},
	title = {Heimkehr: {Eine} zentrale {Kategorie} der {Nachkriegszeit}: {Geschichte}, {Literatur} und {Medien}},
	volume = {Schriften des Italienisch-Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Trient},
	isbn = {978-3-428-83379-5},
	abstract = {Heimkehr - eine elementare, existentielle und zugleich eine immer wieder aktualisierte, zeitgeschichtliche Kategorie wird hier am Beispiel der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in exemplarischen Beiträgen untersucht. Internationale Historiker, Literatur- und Medienwissenschaftler stellen die komplexe Situation der ineinander vermengten, ganz unterschiedlichen und z. T. konkurrierenden Heimkehren aus Krieg, KZ, Gefangenenlager, Evakuierung und Exil dar. In Fallstudien historiographischer Rekonstruktion und Analyse künstlerischer Darstellungen wie medialer Produkte aus der damaligen Zeit wie der jüngsten Gegenwart entsteht so ein facettenreiches Bild der Nachkriegszeit vor allem im deutschen Osten und Westen. Die existentiellen Situationen, die durch Roman- und Filmanalysen geschildert werden und die z. T. die persönlichen Erfahrungen der Autoren widerspiegeln, werden sowohl unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Generationsfrage untersucht wie auch im Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Situation der 40er und 50er Jahre, in der die zentrale Frage der Schuld in verschiedenen Variationen angedeutet, thematisiert oder verschwiegen wird. "Heimkehren" heißt übrigens, sich immer wieder die Frage zu stellen, was nun die Heimat unter den veränderten Umständen geworden sei und was man zur demokratischen Erneuerung des Landes zu tun habe. Die ethisch-politischen Positionen der Interpreten des deutschen Wiederaufbaus werden nun ständig mit den propagandistischen Richtlinien des Staates im Osten und Westen konfrontiert.},
	language = {German},
	publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot},
	editor = {Agazzi, Elena and Schütz, Erhard},
	year = {2010},
}

Heimkehr - eine elementare, existentielle und zugleich eine immer wieder aktualisierte, zeitgeschichtliche Kategorie wird hier am Beispiel der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in exemplarischen Beiträgen untersucht. Internationale Historiker, Literatur- und Medienwissenschaftler stellen die komplexe Situation der ineinander vermengten, ganz unterschiedlichen und z. T. konkurrierenden Heimkehren aus Krieg, KZ, Gefangenenlager, Evakuierung und Exil dar. In Fallstudien historiographischer Rekonstruktion und Analyse künstlerischer Darstellungen wie medialer Produkte aus der damaligen Zeit wie der jüngsten Gegenwart entsteht so ein facettenreiches Bild der Nachkriegszeit vor allem im deutschen Osten und Westen. Die existentiellen Situationen, die durch Roman- und Filmanalysen geschildert werden und die z. T. die persönlichen Erfahrungen der Autoren widerspiegeln, werden sowohl unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Generationsfrage untersucht wie auch im Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Situation der 40er und 50er Jahre, in der die zentrale Frage der Schuld in verschiedenen Variationen angedeutet, thematisiert oder verschwiegen wird. "Heimkehren" heißt übrigens, sich immer wieder die Frage zu stellen, was nun die Heimat unter den veränderten Umständen geworden sei und was man zur demokratischen Erneuerung des Landes zu tun habe. Die ethisch-politischen Positionen der Interpreten des deutschen Wiederaufbaus werden nun ständig mit den propagandistischen Richtlinien des Staates im Osten und Westen konfrontiert.

@book{smith_heimkehr_2010,
	title = {Heimkehr aus dem {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg}: {Die} {Entlassung} der deutschen {Kriegsgefangenen}},
	isbn = {978-3-486-70329-0},
	shorttitle = {Heimkehr aus dem {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg}},
	abstract = {Über das Los der deutschen Soldaten, die während und am Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Gefangenschaft gerieten, ist oft berichtet worden; weitgehend unerforscht aber blieb das zeitgeschichtliche Folgekapitel: die Rückkehr. Der amerikanische Historiker Arthur L. Smith hat es als erster unternommen, die Geschichte der Heimkehr der deutschen Gefangenen und ihrer Reintegration ins Zivilleben darzustellen. Ungewöhnlich viel Zeit und Aufwand musste in die Sammlung der besonders weit verstreuten Quellen investiert werden; denn in den Jahren 1945 bis 1949 existierte keine zentrale Stelle in Deutschland, die für diese besondere Demobilmachung zuständig gewesen wäre. Smith schildert eine eindrucksvolle Fülle von Versuchen, den Heimkehrern in ihren Nöten beizustehen, unternommen von Politikern, Geistlichen und engagierten Privatleuten – doch wird zugleich deutlich, dass die Anstrengungen selten erfolglos waren. Die desillusionierten Soldaten kehrten ja in ein Land zurück, dessen Städte in Trümmern lagen und das – in vier Besatzungszonen geteilt – seine staatliche Einheit verloren hatte. Aber selbst eine Nation, die zwischen dem Schock der Niederlage und dem Gefühl der Befreiung von Krieg und NS-Herrschaft noch keine rechte Orientierung fand, war sich bewusst, dass die Eingliederung der entlassenen Kriegsgefangenen zu ihren wichtigsten Aufgaben gehörte: Bis 1949, als die Bundesrepublik entstand, war schon eine feste Basis für umfassende Unterstützungsprogramme geschaffen.},
	language = {de},
	publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
	author = {Smith, Arthur L.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2010},
	note = {Google-Books-ID: StvoBQAAQBAJ},
	keywords = {History / General, History / Modern / 20th Century},
}

Über das Los der deutschen Soldaten, die während und am Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Gefangenschaft gerieten, ist oft berichtet worden; weitgehend unerforscht aber blieb das zeitgeschichtliche Folgekapitel: die Rückkehr. Der amerikanische Historiker Arthur L. Smith hat es als erster unternommen, die Geschichte der Heimkehr der deutschen Gefangenen und ihrer Reintegration ins Zivilleben darzustellen. Ungewöhnlich viel Zeit und Aufwand musste in die Sammlung der besonders weit verstreuten Quellen investiert werden; denn in den Jahren 1945 bis 1949 existierte keine zentrale Stelle in Deutschland, die für diese besondere Demobilmachung zuständig gewesen wäre. Smith schildert eine eindrucksvolle Fülle von Versuchen, den Heimkehrern in ihren Nöten beizustehen, unternommen von Politikern, Geistlichen und engagierten Privatleuten – doch wird zugleich deutlich, dass die Anstrengungen selten erfolglos waren. Die desillusionierten Soldaten kehrten ja in ein Land zurück, dessen Städte in Trümmern lagen und das – in vier Besatzungszonen geteilt – seine staatliche Einheit verloren hatte. Aber selbst eine Nation, die zwischen dem Schock der Niederlage und dem Gefühl der Befreiung von Krieg und NS-Herrschaft noch keine rechte Orientierung fand, war sich bewusst, dass die Eingliederung der entlassenen Kriegsgefangenen zu ihren wichtigsten Aufgaben gehörte: Bis 1949, als die Bundesrepublik entstand, war schon eine feste Basis für umfassende Unterstützungsprogramme geschaffen.

@incollection{agazzi_heimkehren_2010,
	address = {Trient},
	title = {Heimkehren - {Ein} {Vorwort}},
	volume = {Schriften des Italienisch-Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Trient},
	isbn = {978-3-428-83379-5},
	abstract = {Heimkehr - eine elementare, existentielle und zugleich eine immer wieder aktualisierte, zeitgeschichtliche Kategorie wird hier am Beispiel der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in exemplarischen Beiträgen untersucht. Internationale Historiker, Literatur- und Medienwissenschaftler stellen die komplexe Situation der ineinander vermengten, ganz unterschiedlichen und z. T. konkurrierenden Heimkehren aus Krieg, KZ, Gefangenenlager, Evakuierung und Exil dar. In Fallstudien historiographischer Rekonstruktion und Analyse künstlerischer Darstellungen wie medialer Produkte aus der damaligen Zeit wie der jüngsten Gegenwart entsteht so ein facettenreiches Bild der Nachkriegszeit vor allem im deutschen Osten und Westen. Die existentiellen Situationen, die durch Roman- und Filmanalysen geschildert werden und die z. T. die persönlichen Erfahrungen der Autoren widerspiegeln, werden sowohl unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Generationsfrage untersucht wie auch im Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Situation der 40er und 50er Jahre, in der die zentrale Frage der Schuld in verschiedenen Variationen angedeutet, thematisiert oder verschwiegen wird. "Heimkehren" heißt übrigens, sich immer wieder die Frage zu stellen, was nun die Heimat unter den veränderten Umständen geworden sei und was man zur demokratischen Erneuerung des Landes zu tun habe. Die ethisch-politischen Positionen der Interpreten des deutschen Wiederaufbaus werden nun ständig mit den propagandistischen Richtlinien des Staates im Osten und Westen konfrontiert.},
	language = {German},
	booktitle = {Heimkehr: {Eine} zentrale {Kategorie} der {Nachkriegszeit}: {Geschichte}, {Literatur} und {Medien}},
	publisher = {Duncker \& Humblot},
	author = {Agazzi, Elena and Schütz, Erhard},
	editor = {Agazzi, Elena and Schütz, Erhard},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {7--20},
}

Heimkehr - eine elementare, existentielle und zugleich eine immer wieder aktualisierte, zeitgeschichtliche Kategorie wird hier am Beispiel der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in exemplarischen Beiträgen untersucht. Internationale Historiker, Literatur- und Medienwissenschaftler stellen die komplexe Situation der ineinander vermengten, ganz unterschiedlichen und z. T. konkurrierenden Heimkehren aus Krieg, KZ, Gefangenenlager, Evakuierung und Exil dar. In Fallstudien historiographischer Rekonstruktion und Analyse künstlerischer Darstellungen wie medialer Produkte aus der damaligen Zeit wie der jüngsten Gegenwart entsteht so ein facettenreiches Bild der Nachkriegszeit vor allem im deutschen Osten und Westen. Die existentiellen Situationen, die durch Roman- und Filmanalysen geschildert werden und die z. T. die persönlichen Erfahrungen der Autoren widerspiegeln, werden sowohl unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Generationsfrage untersucht wie auch im Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Situation der 40er und 50er Jahre, in der die zentrale Frage der Schuld in verschiedenen Variationen angedeutet, thematisiert oder verschwiegen wird. "Heimkehren" heißt übrigens, sich immer wieder die Frage zu stellen, was nun die Heimat unter den veränderten Umständen geworden sei und was man zur demokratischen Erneuerung des Landes zu tun habe. Die ethisch-politischen Positionen der Interpreten des deutschen Wiederaufbaus werden nun ständig mit den propagandistischen Richtlinien des Staates im Osten und Westen konfrontiert.

@article{pichler_spate_2009,
	title = {Späte {Anerkennung} für {Deserteure}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Pichler, Walter},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {122--125},
}

@book{rothberg_multidirectional_2009,
	address = {Stanford and Calif},
	series = {Cultural memory in the present},
	title = {Multidirectional memory: {Remembering} the {Holocaust} in the age of decolonization},
	isbn = {0-8047-6218-X},
	publisher = {Stanford University Press},
	author = {Rothberg, Michael},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Collective memory, Collective memory in literature, Decolonization, Decolonization in literature, Entkolonialisierung, Gedenken, Holocaust, in literature, Jewish (1939-1945), Judenvernichtung, Kollektives Gedächtnis},
}

@article{romeo_hans_2009,
	title = {Hans {Egarter} e la ricezione della {Resistenza} sudtirolese in {Italia}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Romeo, Carlo},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {58--67},
}

@article{rieder_hinaus_2009,
	title = {Hinaus oder hinunter. {Die} {Option} vor 70 {Jahren}},
	volume = {24},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Der Terner. Mitteilungen zum Dorfgeschehen},
	author = {Rieder, Klara},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {46--49},
}

@book{reimer_lutherisch_2009,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Lutherisch in {Südtirol}: {Die} {Geschichte} der {Evangelischen} {Gemeinde} {Meran}. {Eine} {Spurensuche} zum {Protestantismus} in {Südtirol} und im {Trentino}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-332-2},
	publisher = {Edition Raetia},
	author = {Reimer, Hans H.},
	year = {2009},
}

@incollection{mock_von_2009,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}},
	title = {Von {Gehern} und {Bleibern}: {Begriffe}, {Ereignisse}, {Erfahrungen}},
	isbn = {978-88-8266-573-9},
	booktitle = {Die {Operationszone} {Alpenvorland} im {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Mock, Hubert},
	editor = {Di Michele, Andrea and Taiani, Rodolfo},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Campaigns, History, 1939-1945, World War, Alps, Italian, Italian (Italy), Italy Alps, Military},
	pages = {143--151},
}

@article{mock_hans_2009,
	title = {Hans {Egarter}. {Persönlichkeit} und politisches {Handeln}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Mock, Hubert},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {22--39},
}

@article{moser-schuocker_zur_2009,
	title = {Zur {Kritik} am {Film} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblSüdtirol}: Überlebenskampf zwischen {Faschismus} und {Option}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Moser-Schuöcker, Brigitte},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{osterreichische_gesellschaft_fur_germanistik_jahrestagung_germanistik_2009,
	series = {Stimulus. {Mitteilungen} der Österreichischen {Gesellschaft} für {Germanistik}; 18},
	title = {Germanistik im {Spannungsfeld} von {Regionalität} und {Internationalität}},
	isbn = {978-3-7069-0634-0},
	publisher = {Praesens},
	editor = {{Österreichische Gesellschaft für Germanistik. Jahrestagung} and Hackl, Wolfgang and Wiesmüller, Wolfgang},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{schmid_erinnerungskultur_2009,
	address = {München},
	title = {Erinnerungskultur und {Regionalgeschichte}},
	isbn = {978-3-89975-169-7},
	publisher = {Meidenbauer},
	editor = {Schmid, Harald},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{zeitgeschichtsarchiv_pragser_wildsee_fur_2009,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Für {Freiheit} und {Recht} in {Europa}: der 20. {Juli} 1944 und der {Widerstand} gegen das {NS}-{Regime} in {Deutschland}, Österreich und {Südtirol}: {ZeitgeschichtsSchriften} {Pragser} {Wildsee}},
	isbn = {3-7065-4634-5},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {{Zeitgeschichtsarchiv Pragser Wildsee} and {Südtiroler Landesarchiv} and {Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand}},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Austria, History, Germany, 1933-1945, National socialism, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, 1944 (July 20), Adolf, Anti-Nazi movement, Assassination attempt, Hitler, Opposition (Political science)},
}

@article{volgger_spurensuche_2009,
	title = {Spurensuche},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Volgger, Burgi},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {106--111},
}

@article{volgger_am_2009,
	title = {"{Am} {Erker} blühet wie immer ..." {Gedanken} zum {Widerstand} im {Gedenkjahr} 2009 in vier {Bildern}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Volgger, Burgi},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {100--105},
}

@article{verdorfer_textquotedblmein_2009,
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblMein} {Vater} hat seinen {Mund} nicht halten können, das habe ich von ihm und meine {Kinder} haben das auch ...{\textbackslash}textquotedbl - {Begegnungen} mit {Franz} {Breitenberger}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {68--71},
}

@article{verdorfer_ist_2009,
	title = {"{Das} ist den {Leuten} durch die {Propaganda} so eingeimpft worden ..."},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {112--116},
}

@book{solderer_gell_2009,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Gell, hinter den {Bergen} ist {Deutschland}. {Die} {Option} 1939},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-345-2},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Solderer, Gottfried},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism, Germans, Ladins},
}

@article{senfter_schlussbericht_2009,
	title = {Schlussbericht zur {Hans} {Egarter} {Tagung}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Senfter, Hannes},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {72--73},
}

@article{senfter_held_2009,
	title = {Held sein oder nicht {Held} sein - gibt es auch etwas dazwischen?},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Senfter, Hannes},
	year = {2009},
}

@article{staffler_einheitsmythos_2009,
	title = {Einheitsmythos 1980},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Staffler, Gerd},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {88--91},
}

@incollection{schmid_regionale_2009,
	address = {München},
	title = {Regionale {Erinnerungskulturen} - ein einführender {Problemaufriss}},
	isbn = {978-3-89975-169-7},
	booktitle = {Erinnerungskultur und {Regionalgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Meidenbauer},
	author = {Schmid, Harald},
	editor = {Schmid, Harald},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {7--22},
}

@article{steurer_uberlegungen_2009,
	title = {Überlegungen zum {Widerstand} der {Südtiroler} gegen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus} oder über die {Verwechslung} von {\textbackslash}{textquotedblAnti}-{Faschismus}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {10--21},
}

@inproceedings{esterhammer_option_2009,
	series = {Stimulus. {Mitteilungen} der Österreichischen {Gesellschaft} für {Germanistik}; 18},
	title = {Option und {Südtirolaktivismus} in der {Tiroler} {Gegenwartsliteratur}. {Zwei} {Beispiele} dafür, dass {Germanistik} in der {Peripherie} im {Spannungsfeld} zwischen {Regionalität} und {Internationalität} stehen kann und muss},
	isbn = {978-3-7069-0634-0},
	booktitle = {Germanistik im {Spannungsfeld} von {Regionalität} und {Internationalität}},
	publisher = {Praesens},
	author = {Esterhammer, Ruth},
	editor = {{Österreichische Gesellschaft für Germanistik. Jahrestagung} and Hackl, Wolfgang and Wiesmüller, Wolfgang},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {155--166},
}

@article{egger_er_2009,
	title = {Er durchschaute den {Nationalsozialismus} - {Josef} {Mayr}-{Nusser}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Egger, Peter},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {118--121},
}

@phdthesis{eberhofer_entwicklung_2009,
	address = {Bozen and Augsburg},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Die {Entwicklung} der in {Südtirol} eingesetzten {Schulbücher} von 1919 bis in die 1960er {Jahre}: inhaltliche {Transformationsprozesse} in den {Fibeln}},
	school = {Freie Universität Bozen and Universität Augsburg},
	author = {Eberhöfer, Andrea},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{di_michele_operationszone_2009,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}},
	title = {Die {Operationszone} {Alpenvorland} im {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg}},
	volume = {29},
	isbn = {978-88-8266-573-9},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	editor = {Di Michele, Andrea and Taiani, Rodolfo},
	year = {2009},
}

@article{cova_opzione_2009,
	title = {L'opzione sudtirolese nel contesto nazionalistico europeo},
	volume = {83},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Cova, Paolo},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {5--109},
}

@article{foppa_nur_2009,
	title = {Nur net rogeln! {Zum} {Umgang} mit {Option} und {Widerstand} in {Südtirol}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Foppa, Brigitte},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {74--87},
}

@book{foot_italys_2009,
	address = {New York and NY [u.a.]},
	edition = {1},
	series = {Italian and {Italian} {American} studies},
	title = {Italy's divided memory},
	isbn = {978-0-230-61847-3},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	author = {Foot, John},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Political culture, 1939-1945, World War, Collective memory, 1914-1918, Memory, Monuments, War memorials},
}

@phdthesis{blasinger_option_2009,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Option} in {Deutschnofen} (mit didaktischer {Aufbereitung})},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Blasinger, Lisa},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{leitgeb_boden_2009,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Der {Boden} unter den {Füßen}. {Roman}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Leitgeb, Anna Maria},
	year = {2009},
}

@book{grote_i_2009,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {I bin a {Südtiroler}. {Kollektive} {Identität} zwischen {Nation} und {Region} im 20. {Jahrhundert}},
	isbn = {978-88-8266-531-9},
	publisher = {Verlagsanstalt Athesia},
	author = {Grote, Georg},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Ethnic relations, Nationalism, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
}

@article{hillebrand_ausgegrenzt_2009,
	title = {Ausgegrenzt, verdrängt, rehabilitiert: {Hans} {Egarter} und der {Südtiroler} {Widerstand} in der öffentlichen {Wahrnehmung} von 1945 bis heute},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Hillebrand, Leo},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {40--49},
}

@article{heiss_von_2009,
	title = {Von der {Würde} des {Scheiterns}: {Hans} {Egarter} 1909-1966},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Heiss, Hans},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {8--9},
}

@article{hartungen_offener_2009,
	title = {Offener {Brief} an {Herrn} {Koordinator} {Dr}. {Markus} {Perwanger}, {RAI} {Sender} {Bozen}. {Zur} {Kenntnis} an {Herrn} {Dr}. {Gerhard} {Jelinek}, {Programm}-{Abteilung} des {ORF} {Wien} {Küniglberg}, und {Prof}. {Dr}. {Rolf} {Steininger}, {Universität} {Innsbruck}},
	volume = {54},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Skolast. Zeitschrift der Südtiroler HochschülerInnenschaft},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Hillebrand, Leo and Lechner, Stefan and Mezzalira, Giorgio and Mock, Hubert and Mumelter, Gerhard and Pallaver, Günther and Pichler, Walter and Prossliner, Karl and Romeo, Carlo and Solderer, Gottfried and Staffler, Gerd and Steurer, Leopold and Verdorfer, Martha and Zoderer, Joseph},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {92--97},
}

@book{gatrell_warlands_2009,
	address = {Basingstoke},
	title = {Warlands: population resettlement and state reconstruction in the {Soviet}-{East} {European} borderlands, 1945-50},
	isbn = {978-0-230-24693-5},
	shorttitle = {Warlands},
	abstract = {The displacement of population during and after the Second World War took place on a global scale and formed part of a longer historical process of violence, territorial reconfiguration and state 'development'. This book focuses on the profound political, social and economic upheavals in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at this time. During the Second World War, the Nazis deported millions of Soviet, Baltic and Polish civilians, soldiers and prisoners of war to Germany. Many others were uprooted within occupied territories. This volume examines the 'violent peacetime' that followed the war, as these displaced persons strove to return home or to flee westwards during a time of territorial changes, the brutal imposition or reassertion of communist power, widespread nationalist resistance, state strategies of socio-ethnic engineering and economic reconstruction, new forms of international humanitarian intervention and emerging Cold War antagonisms. Contributors discuss the politics, personnel, administrative structures and everyday experience of Allied displaced persons camps in Germany; the political 'filtration' and sanitary screening procedures which Soviet repatriates underwent before they were permitted to return to their homes; and governmental arrangements for sorting, classifying and transferring people throughout the contested borderlands. The book pays close attention to how displacement, internment, resettlement and diaspora were experienced by migrants, and how they have been remembered and commemorated. Warlands will appeal to anyone interested in population displacement as state practice and social experience.},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
	author = {Gatrell, Peter and Baron, Nick},
	year = {2009},
	note = {OCLC: 732256278},
}

The displacement of population during and after the Second World War took place on a global scale and formed part of a longer historical process of violence, territorial reconfiguration and state 'development'. This book focuses on the profound political, social and economic upheavals in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at this time. During the Second World War, the Nazis deported millions of Soviet, Baltic and Polish civilians, soldiers and prisoners of war to Germany. Many others were uprooted within occupied territories. This volume examines the 'violent peacetime' that followed the war, as these displaced persons strove to return home or to flee westwards during a time of territorial changes, the brutal imposition or reassertion of communist power, widespread nationalist resistance, state strategies of socio-ethnic engineering and economic reconstruction, new forms of international humanitarian intervention and emerging Cold War antagonisms. Contributors discuss the politics, personnel, administrative structures and everyday experience of Allied displaced persons camps in Germany; the political 'filtration' and sanitary screening procedures which Soviet repatriates underwent before they were permitted to return to their homes; and governmental arrangements for sorting, classifying and transferring people throughout the contested borderlands. The book pays close attention to how displacement, internment, resettlement and diaspora were experienced by migrants, and how they have been remembered and commemorated. Warlands will appeal to anyone interested in population displacement as state practice and social experience.

@incollection{corti_ritorni_2009,
	address = {Torino},
	edition = {1. ed},
	series = {Storia d'{Italia} {Annali}},
	title = {Ritorni e visite in patria: la circolarità dello spazio migratorio},
	isbn = {978-88-06-18887-0},
	language = {ita},
	number = {24},
	booktitle = {Migrazioni},
	publisher = {Einaudi},
	author = {Baldassar, Loretta},
	editor = {Corti, Paola},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {467--484},
}

@phdthesis{rabensteiner_bischof_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Bischof {Joseph} {Gargitter} : sein {Leben} und {Wirken} für den {Frieden} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Rabensteiner, Alois},
	year = {2008},
}

@book{ribichini_da_2008,
	address = {Roma},
	edition = {1},
	title = {Da {Sudtirolo} ad {Alto} {Adige}: arrivano gli italiani},
	isbn = {978-88-267-0483-8},
	publisher = {Edizioni associate},
	author = {Ribichini, Paolo},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, Ethnic relations, Economic conditions, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Italians},
}

@phdthesis{raffeiner_italianisierung_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Italianisierung} {Südtirols} zur {Zeit} des {Faschismus} und die {Kirche} als {Schutzraum} für die {Muttersprache} : pädagogische Überlegungen},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Raffeiner, Sara},
	year = {2008},
}

@incollection{meixner_oral_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Conference series},
	title = {Oral {History} in den {Geschichtswissenschaften}: {Zwischen} {Folklore}, {Elitenforschung} und {Archivierungsbedürfnis}},
	isbn = {3-902571-81-0},
	booktitle = {Erzählen - {Reflexionen} im {Zeitalter} der {Digitalisierung}},
	publisher = {Innsbruck Univ. Press},
	author = {Meixner, Wolfgang and Pfanzelter, Eva},
	editor = {Gächter, Yvonne},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {77--95},
}

@phdthesis{stoll_vor-_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Vor}- und {Nachgeschichte} der {Option} in {Gsies}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Stoll, Esther},
	year = {2008},
}

@book{schreiber_nationalsozialismus_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen},
	title = {Nationalsozialismus und {Faschismus} in {Tirol} und {Südtirol}. {Opfer}, {Täter}, {Gegner}. {Mit} einem {Beitrag} von {Gerald} {Steinacher} und {Philipp} {Trafojer}: {Tiroler} {Studien} zu {Geschichte} und {Politik}, 8},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4423-8},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Schreiber, Horst},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Jews, National socialism, Austria Tyrol, Persecutions, Fascism, Tyrol (Austria), Political persecution},
}

@book{di_michele_unvollkommene_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Die unvollkommene {Italianisierung}. {Politik} und {Verwaltung} in {Südtirol} 1918-1943: {Veröffentlichungen} des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 28},
	isbn = {978-3-7030-0444-5},
	author = {Di Michele, Andrea},
	year = {2008},
}

@book{gachter_erzahlen_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	edition = {1},
	series = {Conference series},
	title = {Erzählen - {Reflexionen} im {Zeitalter} der {Digitalisierung}: = {Storytelling} - reflections in the age of digitalization},
	isbn = {3-902571-81-0},
	publisher = {Innsbruck Univ. Press},
	editor = {Gächter, Yvonne},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Erzählen, Neue Medien},
}

@phdthesis{baldo_opzione_2008,
	address = {Trient},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Opzione e riopzione della popolazione sudtirolese nel mandamento di {Bolzano}},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Baldo, Stefano},
	year = {2008},
}

@book{gehler_tirol_2008,
	address = {Innsbruck and Bozen},
	title = {Tirol im 20. {Jahrhundert}: vom {Kronland} zur {Europaregion}},
	isbn = {978-3-7022-2881-1},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verlag and Verlagsanstalt Athesia},
	author = {Gehler, Michael},
	year = {2008},
}

@incollection{hedegaard_european_2008,
	address = {Berlin, New York},
	title = {{EUROPEAN} {EMIGRATION} {RECORDS}, 1820…1925},
	isbn = {978-3-598-44090-8},
	url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783598440908.4.xcix/html},
	urldate = {2022-10-14},
	booktitle = {{IFLA} {Publications}},
	publisher = {Walter de Gruyter – K. G. Saur},
	editor = {Hedegaard, Ruth and Melrose, Elizabeth Anne},
	month = jan,
	year = {2008},
	doi = {10.1515/9783598440908.4.xcix},
}

@article{bosworth_border_2008,
	title = {Border {Control} and the {Limits} of the {Sovereign} {State}},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0964-6639, 1461-7390},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0964663908089611},
	doi = {10.1177/0964663908089611},
	abstract = {As has been widely recognized and commented upon, border controls across Europe and America have been strenuously tightened since September 11th. In fact, of course, the movement of certain non-citizens in and around most western, industrialized countries had been restricted for some time predating the advent of the `war on terror'. In this article I will explore the particular use being made in Britain of criminal justice rhetoric and policy as a means of securing the border and the implications of this reliance on criminal justice discourses in the development of immigration and asylum policies. Building on work by David Garland (1996) and Jonathan Simon (2007), I suggest not only that the increased concern over border control reflects a decline in the power of the state in the face of globalization, but also that the adoption of harsh rhetoric about foreigners risks undermining the agency and democratic freedoms long held dear by British citizens.},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2023-06-06},
	journal = {Social \& Legal Studies},
	author = {Bosworth, Mary},
	month = jun,
	year = {2008},
	pages = {199--215},
}

As has been widely recognized and commented upon, border controls across Europe and America have been strenuously tightened since September 11th. In fact, of course, the movement of certain non-citizens in and around most western, industrialized countries had been restricted for some time predating the advent of the `war on terror'. In this article I will explore the particular use being made in Britain of criminal justice rhetoric and policy as a means of securing the border and the implications of this reliance on criminal justice discourses in the development of immigration and asylum policies. Building on work by David Garland (1996) and Jonathan Simon (2007), I suggest not only that the increased concern over border control reflects a decline in the power of the state in the face of globalization, but also that the adoption of harsh rhetoric about foreigners risks undermining the agency and democratic freedoms long held dear by British citizens.

@phdthesis{pergher_tale_2007,
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {A tale of two borders: {Settlement} and national transformation in {Libya} and {South} {Tyrol} under {Fascism}},
	school = {University of Michigan},
	author = {Pergher, Roberta},
	year = {2007},
}

@book{rieder_silvio_2007,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Silvio {Flor}: {Autonomie} und {Klassenkampf} : die {Biographie} eines {Südtiroler} {Kommunisten}},
	isbn = {88-7283-257-8},
	publisher = {Ed. Raetia},
	author = {Rieder, Klara},
	year = {2007},
}

@book{regele_meran_2007,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Meran und das {Dritte} {Reich}: {Ein} {Lesebuch}},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4425-2},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Regele, Ludwig},
	year = {2007},
}

@phdthesis{wegscheider_filmische_2007,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Filmische {Propaganda} zur {Option} in {Südtirol} von 1939-1940},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Wegscheider, Simon},
	year = {2007},
}

@phdthesis{stecher_eingegrenzt_2007,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Eingegrenzt und ausgegrenzt: {Heimatverlust} und {Erinnerungskultur} : dargestellt am {Beispiel} der versunkenen {Dörfer} in der {Gemeinde} {Graun} im {Vinschgau} ({Südtirol})},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Stecher, Alexandra},
	year = {2007},
}

@book{kittel_deutschsprachige_2007,
	address = {München},
	title = {Deutschsprachige {Minderheiten} 1945. {Ein} europäischer {Vergleich}},
	isbn = {978-3-486-58002-0},
	publisher = {Oldenbourg Verlag},
	editor = {Kittel, Manfred and Möller, Horst and Pešek, Jiří and Tůma, Oldřich},
	year = {2007},
}

@incollection{lill_italien_2007,
	address = {München},
	title = {Italien und seine deutsche {Minderheit} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {978-3-486-58002-0},
	booktitle = {Deutschsprachige {Minderheiten} 1945. {Ein} europäischer {Vergleich}},
	publisher = {Oldenbourg Verlag},
	author = {Lill, Rudolf},
	editor = {Kittel, Manfred and Möller, Horst and Pešek, Jiří and Tůma, Oldřich},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {History, Europe, Germans, Population transfers, Minorities, etc. History, German language, Germans History, laws, Legal status},
	pages = {373--434},
}

@book{gelmi_textquotedblpietas_2007,
	address = {Brixen and Italy},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblPietas} et scientia{\textbackslash}textquotedbl: 400 {Jahre} {Priesterseminar} {Brixen}, 1607-2007},
	isbn = {978-88-88910-47-5},
	publisher = {A. Weger},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Italy Bressanone, Theological seminaries},
}

@book{waine_changing_2007,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Changing cultural tastes: writers and the popular in modern {Germany}},
	isbn = {978-1-57181-522-4 978-1-84545-522-4},
	shorttitle = {Changing cultural tastes},
	publisher = {Berghahn Books},
	author = {Waine, Anthony Edward},
	year = {2007},
	note = {OCLC: ocn156834470},
	keywords = {20th century, History, 19th century, Germany, 18th century, History and criticism, Intellectual life, Politics and literature, German literature, Popular culture, Popular culture and literature},
}

@book{bistarelli_storia_2007,
	address = {Torino},
	edition = {1. ed},
	series = {Nuova cultura},
	title = {La storia del ritorno: i reduci italiani del secondo dopoguerra},
	isbn = {978-88-339-1751-1},
	shorttitle = {La storia del ritorno},
	number = {149},
	publisher = {Bollati Boringhieri},
	author = {Bistarelli, Agostino},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {History, Italy, World War, 1939-1945, Veterans},
}

@book{trompedeller_karl_2007,
	address = {Innsbruck Wien Bozen},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Karl {Tinzl} (1888-1964): eine politische {Biografie}},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4322-4},
	shorttitle = {Karl {Tinzl} (1888-1964)},
	language = {ger},
	number = {24},
	publisher = {Studien-Verl},
	author = {Trompedeller, Annuska},
	year = {2007},
}

@techreport{mendoza_circular_2007,
	address = {Washington},
	type = {{MPI} {Policy} {Brief}},
	title = {Circular migration and development: trends, policy routes, and ways forward {\textbar} {Eldis}},
	url = {https://www.eldis.org/document/A31498},
	urldate = {2022-05-30},
	institution = {Migration Policy Institute},
	author = {Mendoza, Dovelyn Rannveig and Newland, Kathleen},
	year = {2007},
}

@incollection{pianciola_europa_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {L'{Europa} degli spostamenti forzati di popolazione (1912-1953)},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Pianciola, Niccolò},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {19--44},
}

@incollection{perez_guerra_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {La guerra delle voci nelle lettere {\textbackslash}textquotedblrevisionate{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Perez, Giovanni},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {111--131},
}

@incollection{rosani_gli_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Gli italiani di fronte alle {Opzioni} in alcune lettere {\textbackslash}textquotedblrevisionate{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Rosani, Tiziano},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {133--146},
}

@phdthesis{robatscher_muttersprachliche_2006,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Muttersprachliche {Bildung} zwischen den {Diktaturen}. {Option} und deutsche {Sprachkurse} in {Südtirol} 1939-1945 am {Fallbeispiel} des {Dorfes} {Tiers}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Robatscher, Karin},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{regele_optionszeit_2006,
	title = {Die {Optionszeit} im {Erleben} des {Bleibers} {Toni} {Ebner}},
	volume = {80},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Regele, Ludwig Walther},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {46--49},
}

@incollection{pallaver_leopold_2006,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen},
	title = {Leopold {Steurer}: {Historiker} zwischen {Forschung} und {Einmischung}},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4252-4},
	booktitle = {Demokratie und {Erinnerung}. {Südtirol} – Österreich – {Italien}. {Festschrift} für {Leopold} {Steurer} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther and Steinacher, Gerald},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Heiss, Hans and Pallaver, Günther and Romeo, Carlo and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {51--91},
}

@article{ventresca_mussolinis_2006,
	title = {Mussolini's {Ghost}: {Italy}'s {Duce} in {History} and {Memory}},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	journal = {History and Memory},
	author = {Ventresca, Robert A.},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {86--119},
}

@article{sieve_sudtiroler_2006,
	title = {Südtiroler im {Oldenburger} {Land}},
	volume = {80},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Sieve, Peter},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {40--49},
}

@phdthesis{stauder_propagandarezeption_2006,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Propagandarezeption im {Spannungsfeld} politischer {Diktaturen}. {Propagandaanalyse} am {Beispiel} von der {Option} in {Südtirol} 1939},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Stauder, Michael},
	year = {2006},
}

@book{marzari_kanonikus_2006,
	address = {Wien},
	edition = {2., überarb. u. erw. Aufl. (1. Aufl. 1974)},
	title = {Kanonikus {Michael} {Gamper}. {Sein} {Leben} für {Glauben} und {Heimat} gegen {Faschistenbeil} und {Hakenkreuz} in {Südtirol}. {Anlässlich} des 50. {Todestages} von {Kanonikus} {Michael} {Gamper} 1956 - 15. {April} - 2006. {Mit} erstmaliger {Veröffentlichung} des vollständigen {Grossen} {Memorandums} {Gampers} an die {Alliierten} im {II}. {Weltkrieg} (1944)},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Österreichische Landsmannschaft},
	author = {Marzari, Walter},
	year = {2006},
}

@phdthesis{andergassen_option_2006,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Option} in {Kaltern}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Andergassen, Karin},
	year = {2006},
}

@incollection{corni_spostamenti_2006,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen},
	title = {Spostamenti di popolazioni nella {Seconda} guerra mondiale. {Una} nuova fonte sulle opzioni in {Sudtirolo} (1939–1943)},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4252-4},
	booktitle = {Demokratie und {Erinnerung}. {Südtirol} – Österreich – {Italien}. {Festschrift} für {Leopold} {Steurer} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Corni, Gustavo},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Heiss, Hans and Pallaver, Günther and Romeo, Carlo and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {163--181},
}

@incollection{corni_spostamenti_2006-1,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Spostamenti di popolazioni e politiche del {\textbackslash}textquotedblgrande spazio{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Corni, Gustavo},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {45--66},
}

@book{lufter_wie_2006,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Wie die {Schwalben} fliegen sie aus: {Südtirolerinnen} als {Dienstmädchen} in italienischen {Städten}, 1920-1960},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-261-5},
	publisher = {Raetia},
	author = {Lüfter, Ursula and Verdorfer, Martha and Wallnöfer, Adelina},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Auswanderung, Dienstmädchen, Einwanderung, Südtirolerin, Women foreign workers, Women household employees},
}

@book{leniger_nationalsozialistische_2006,
	address = {Berlin},
	title = {Nationalsozialistische {\textbackslash}{textquotedblVolkstumsarbeit}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl und {Umsiedlungspolitik} 1933-1945. {Von} der {Minderheitenbetreuung} zur {Siedlerauslese}: {Geschichtswissenschaft}, 6},
	isbn = {978-3-86596-082-5},
	publisher = {Frank \& Timme},
	author = {Leniger, Markus},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Germany, Politics and government, 1933-1945, Germans, Minorities, Foreign countries, Population policy, Relocation},
}

@book{hartungen_lettere_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 2},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosansi, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
}

@incollection{hartungen_nota_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Nota introduttiva all'opera},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {11--17},
}

@book{hartungen_lettere_2006-1,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, 2 {Bde}},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
}

@book{hartungen_demokratie_2006,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen},
	title = {Demokratie und {Erinnerung}. {Südtirol} – Österreich – {Italien}. {Festschrift} für {Leopold} {Steurer} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-4252-4},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Heiss, Hans and Pallaver, Günther and Romeo, Carlo and Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {2006},
}

@incollection{hartungen_occhi_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Occhi e orecchie del regime: controllo della corrispondenza e informatori nell'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {83--110},
}

@incollection{hartungen_introduzione_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Introduzione a {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLe} lettere aperte{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, novembre 1939 - dicembre 1939},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 2},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosansi, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {7--18},
}

@incollection{hartungen_introduzione_2006-1,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Introduzione a {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLe} lettere aperte{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, luglio 1939 - ottobre 1939},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {183--192},
}

@incollection{hartungen_introduzione_2006-2,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Introduzione a {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLe} lettere aperte{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, gennaio 1942 - settembre 1943},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 2},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosansi, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {281--290},
}

@incollection{hartungen_introduzione_2006-3,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Introduzione a {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLe} lettere aperte{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, gennaio 1941 - dicembre 1941},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 2},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosansi, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {215--226},
}

@incollection{hartungen_introduzione_2006-4,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Introduzione a {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLe} lettere aperte{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, gennaio 1940 - dicembre 1940},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 2},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosansi, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {135--145},
}

@incollection{hartungen_introduzione_2006-5,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Introduzione a {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLe} lettere aperte{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, gennaio 1939 - giugno 1939},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {147--152},
}

@incollection{hartungen_come_2006,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Come si giunse alle {Opzioni} del 1939. {L}'{Alto} {Adige}/{Südtirol} nella prima metà del {Novecento}},
	booktitle = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {67--82},
}

@book{hartungen_lettere_2006-2,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Le lettere aperte 1939-43: l'{Alto} {Adige} delle {Opzioni}, {Bd}. 1},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag La Fabbrica del Tempo},
	editor = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Miori, Fabrizio and Rosani, Tiziano},
	year = {2006},
}

@article{currle_theorieansatze_2006,
	title = {Theorieansätze zur {Erklärung} von {Rückkehr} und {Remigration}},
	abstract = {'Die Entwicklung von Theorien und Typisierungen zum Thema Rückkehrmigration spiegeln die historischen Entwicklungen im vergangenen Jahrhundert wider. Lange Zeit nicht auf der wissenschaftlichen Agenda, setzte in Deutschland eine intensive Beschäftigung mit dem Thema erst in den 1970er Jahren ein. Geographische, soziologische, politikwissenschaftliche und volkswirtschaftliche Ansätze setzen dabei unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte. Neben der Frage nach den Motiven für oder gegen eine Rückkehr sowie der Frage nach dem (optimalen) Zeitpunkt können die Reintegration der Rückkehrer oder deren Einflüsse auf das Heimatland im Mittelpunkt der Analyse stehen. Die folgende Systematisierung dient zum einem dem Ziel, einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Theorieansätze zu geben. Zum anderen soll herausgearbeitet werden, in welchem Umfang die verschiedenen Ansätze den unterschiedlichen Remigrantentypen sowie den relevanten Forschungsfragen gerecht werden können.' (Autorenreferat)},
	language = {de},
	number = {Migration und ethnische Minderheiten 2006/2},
	journal = {Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst soFid},
	author = {Currle, Edda},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Auswanderung, Einwanderung, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, emigration, Federal Republic of Germany, immigration, migration, Migration, migration research, Migrationsforschung, remigration, Rückwanderung, social science, Sozialwissenschaft, Theorie, theory},
	pages = {7--23},
}

'Die Entwicklung von Theorien und Typisierungen zum Thema Rückkehrmigration spiegeln die historischen Entwicklungen im vergangenen Jahrhundert wider. Lange Zeit nicht auf der wissenschaftlichen Agenda, setzte in Deutschland eine intensive Beschäftigung mit dem Thema erst in den 1970er Jahren ein. Geographische, soziologische, politikwissenschaftliche und volkswirtschaftliche Ansätze setzen dabei unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte. Neben der Frage nach den Motiven für oder gegen eine Rückkehr sowie der Frage nach dem (optimalen) Zeitpunkt können die Reintegration der Rückkehrer oder deren Einflüsse auf das Heimatland im Mittelpunkt der Analyse stehen. Die folgende Systematisierung dient zum einem dem Ziel, einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Theorieansätze zu geben. Zum anderen soll herausgearbeitet werden, in welchem Umfang die verschiedenen Ansätze den unterschiedlichen Remigrantentypen sowie den relevanten Forschungsfragen gerecht werden können.' (Autorenreferat)

@techreport{emn_nationaler_kontaktpunkt_osterreich_im_europaischen_migrationsnetzwerk_ruckkehrmigration_2006,
	title = {Rückkehrmigration in Österreich:  Österreichischer {Beitrag} zum europäischen {Forschungsprojekt} {III}: „{Return} {Migration} in the {EU} {Member} {States}“},
	url = {https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/return_migration_de.pdf},
	author = {EMN (Nationaler Kontaktpunkt Österreich im Europäischen Migrationsnetzwerk)},
	year = {2006},
}

@phdthesis{pirchstaller_textquotedblhinaus_2005,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblHinaus} oder hinunter?{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Die} {Propaganda} zur {Option} in {Südtirol}. {Eine} {Analyse}},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Pirchstaller, Ursula},
	year = {2005},
}

@book{pfanzelter_sudtirol_2005,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Südtirol unterm {Sternenbanner}: {Die} amerikanische {Besatzung} {Mai}-{Juni} 1945},
	isbn = {88-7283-251-9},
	publisher = {Raetia},
	author = {Pfanzelter, Eva},
	year = {2005},
}

@book{nora_erinnerungsorte_2005,
	address = {München},
	title = {Erinnerungsorte {Frankreichs}},
	isbn = {978-3-406-52207-9},
	publisher = {C. H. Beck},
	editor = {Nora, Pierre and François, Etienne},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Memoria colectiva},
}

@article{oberhammer_auswanderer_2005,
	title = {Das {Los} der {Auswanderer} – tragische {Erlebnisse} einer {Ahrntaler} {Familie}},
	number = {100},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Oberhammer, Paula},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {18--21},
}

@phdthesis{trompedeller_karl_2005,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Karl {Tinzl} (1888-1964): eine politische {Biografie}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Trompedeller, Annuska},
	year = {2005},
}

@phdthesis{seehauser_sudtirols_2005,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Südtirols offizielle {Geschichtsschreibung}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Seehauser, Annamaria},
	year = {2005},
}

@incollection{francois_vorwort_2005,
	address = {München},
	title = {Vorwort. {Pierre} {Nora} und die {\textbackslash}{textquotedblLieux} de mémoire{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	isbn = {978-3-406-52207-9},
	booktitle = {Erinnerungsorte {Frankreichs}},
	publisher = {C. H. Beck},
	author = {François, Etienne},
	editor = {Nora, Pierre and François, Etienne},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {7--14},
}

@article{aichner_sudtirol_2005,
	title = {Südtirol in den {Fängen} zweier {Diktaturen} 66 {Jahre} danach. {Erinnerungen} an die {Option} 1939-1940. {Teil} 2},
	number = {100},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Aichner, Peter},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {28--33},
}

@phdthesis{kerschbaumer_brixen_2005,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Brixen. {Von} der {Option} bis zu den {Gemeinderatswahlen} 1952},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Kerschbaumer, Michael},
	year = {2005},
}

@phdthesis{goller_brixner_2005,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Die {Brixner} {Richtungen} : die {Südtiroler} {Volkspartei}, das katholische {Lager} und der {Klerus}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Goller, Joachim},
	year = {2005},
}

@phdthesis{perli_industrialisierung_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Industrialisierung}, insbesondere die {Stahlwerkindustrie} in {Bozen}, während und nach dem {Faschismus} und deren {Auswirkungen} auf das soziale {Leben} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Perli, Alessandro},
	year = {2004},
}

@book{salzborn_claus_2004,
	title = {Claus {Gatterer} und der {Ethno}-{Nationalismus}. {Zur} {Theorie} und {Psychologie} des {\textbackslash}textquotedbltotalen {Nationalismus}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl: {Vortrag} beim {Symposium} zum 20. {Todestag} von {Claus} {Gatterer}},
	author = {Salzborn, Samuel},
	editor = {{Gesellschaft für Politische Aufklärung}},
	year = {2004},
}

@book{melichar_quer_2004,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Quer denken: {Tirol} im 20. {Jahrhundert} ; {Materialien} und {Anregungen} für den {Geschichtsunterricht}},
	isbn = {3-209-04671-9},
	publisher = {Öbv und hpt},
	author = {Melichar, Franz Georg},
	year = {2004},
}

@phdthesis{mazzio_italia_2004,
	address = {Padua},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Italia e {Alto} {Adige}: le opzioni del 1939},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Padova},
	author = {Mazzio, Mauro},
	year = {2004},
}

@book{neue_heimat_tirol_geschichte_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Die {Geschichte} der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeuen} {Heimat} {Tirol}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl 1939-2014},
	isbn = {978-3-7099-7131-4},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	editor = {{Neue Heimat Tirol}},
	year = {2004},
}

@book{tiroltextquotedbl_geschichte_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Die {Geschichte} der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeuen} {Heimat} {Tirol}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	editor = {Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat},
	year = {2004},
}

@book{wildner_ethnizitat_2004,
	series = {Internet-{Zeitschrift} für {Kulturwissenschaften}},
	title = {Ethnizität und {Identität} in deutschsprachiger {Literatur} aus und über {Südtirol}},
	url = {http://www.inst.at/trans/15Nr/05_08/wildner15.htm#t15},
	number = {15, 5.8},
	author = {Wildner, Siegrun},
	year = {2004},
}

@incollection{alexander_geschichte_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Die {Geschichte} der {Wohnungs}- und {Siedlungsges}.m.b.{H}. {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeue} {Heimat} {Tirol}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Wegmarken} und {Weichenstellungen}},
	booktitle = {Die {Geschichte} der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeuen} {Heimat} {Tirol}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {11--81, 157--165},
}

@incollection{albrich_schone_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Schöne neue {Wohnwelt}. {Erlebte} und erzählte {Geschichte}},
	booktitle = {Die {Geschichte} der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeuen} {Heimat} {Tirol}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	author = {Albrich, Silvia},
	editor = {Tirol{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, {\textbackslash}textquotedblNeue Heimat},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {83--127},
}

@phdthesis{kaserbacher_zeit_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Zeit} der {Option} im {Ultental} {Eine} {Feldforschung} mit {Zeitzeugenbefragungen}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Kaserbacher, Stefan},
	year = {2004},
}

@phdthesis{ilmer_deutschsprachige_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die deutschsprachige {Schule} zur {Zeit} des {Faschismus} in {Südtirol} mit besonderer {Berücksichtigung} des {Passeiertales}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Ilmer, Manuela},
	year = {2004},
}

@book{lun_ns-herrschaft_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen},
	title = {{NS}-{Herrschaft} in {Südtirol}. {Die} {Operationszone} {Alpenvorland} 1943-1945: {Innsbrucker} {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}, 22},
	isbn = {3-7065-1830-9},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Lun, Margareth},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
}

@phdthesis{goller_brixener_2004,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Brixener} {Nebenregierung} : der politische {Einfluss} des {Bistums} {Brixen} auf {SVP} 1945 - 1964},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Goller, Joachim},
	year = {2004},
}

@article{cassarino_theorising_2004,
	title = {Theorising {Return} {Migration}: {The} {Conceptual} {Approach} to {Return} {Migrants} {Revisited}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1817-4574},
	abstract = {The attention paid by international organisations to the link between migration and development in migrantsí origin countries has highlighted the need to revisit approaches to return migration. Moreover, the growing diversity of migratory categories (ranging from economic migrants to refugees and asylum seekers) necessitates a distinction between the various types of returnee. We still need to know who returns when, and why; and why some returnees appear as actors of change, in specific social and institutional circumstances at home, whereas others do not. The first objective of this paper is to analyse how return has been dealt with by international migration theories, emphasising particularly the assumptions on which they rest. This theoretical overview is necessary to show how return has been defined and located in time and space, andhow the returnee has been depicted. The second objective is to take the various approaches to return migration a step further by elaborating on the theoretical insights that have been extensively proposed. The conceptual approach to returnees is then revisited, taking into account a set of distinguishing criteria, i.e. the returneeís ìpreparednessî and
ìresource mobilisationî.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International Journal on Multicultural Societies},
	author = {Cassarino, Jean-Pierre},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {253--279},
}

The attention paid by international organisations to the link between migration and development in migrantsí origin countries has highlighted the need to revisit approaches to return migration. Moreover, the growing diversity of migratory categories (ranging from economic migrants to refugees and asylum seekers) necessitates a distinction between the various types of returnee. We still need to know who returns when, and why; and why some returnees appear as actors of change, in specific social and institutional circumstances at home, whereas others do not. The first objective of this paper is to analyse how return has been dealt with by international migration theories, emphasising particularly the assumptions on which they rest. This theoretical overview is necessary to show how return has been defined and located in time and space, andhow the returnee has been depicted. The second objective is to take the various approaches to return migration a step further by elaborating on the theoretical insights that have been extensively proposed. The conceptual approach to returnees is then revisited, taking into account a set of distinguishing criteria, i.e. the returneeís ìpreparednessî and ìresource mobilisationî.

@article{cassarino_theorising_2004-1,
	title = {Theorising {Return} {Migration}: {The} {Conceptual} {Approach} to {Return} {Migrants} {Revisited}},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Theorising {Return} {Migration}},
	url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01237439},
	abstract = {The growing diversit y of migrat ory c at egories (ranging f rom ec onomic migrant s t o ref ugees and asylum seek ers) nec essit at es a dist inc t ion bet ween t he various t ypes of ret urnee. We st ill need t o k now who ret urns when, and why; andwhy some ret urnees appear as ac t ors of c hange, in spec if ic soc ial and inst it ut ional c irc umst anc es at home, whereas ot hers do not. The f irst obj ec t ive of t his paper is t o analyse how ret urn has been dealt wit h by int ernat ional migrat ion t heories, emphasising part ic ularly t he assumpt ions on whic h t hey rest. This t heoret ic al overview is nec essary t o show how ret urn has been def ined and loc at ed in t ime and spac e, andhow t he ret urnee has been depic t ed. The sec ond obj ec t ive is t o t ak e t he various approac hes t o ret urn migrat ion a st ep f urt her by elaborat ing on t he t heoret ic al insight s t hat have been ex t ensively proposed. The c onc ept ual approac h t o ret urnees is t hen revisit ed, t ak ing int o ac c ount a set of dist inguishing c rit eria, i.e. t he ret urnee' s " preparedness " and " resourc e mobilisat ion ".},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-05-27},
	journal = {International Journal on Multicultural Societies},
	author = {Cassarino, Jean-Pierre},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Publisher: UNESCO},
	keywords = {Retour au pays, Sociologie des migrations, Sociologie des réseaux, Théories des migrations},
	pages = {253--279},
}

The growing diversit y of migrat ory c at egories (ranging f rom ec onomic migrant s t o ref ugees and asylum seek ers) nec essit at es a dist inc t ion bet ween t he various t ypes of ret urnee. We st ill need t o k now who ret urns when, and why; andwhy some ret urnees appear as ac t ors of c hange, in spec if ic soc ial and inst it ut ional c irc umst anc es at home, whereas ot hers do not. The f irst obj ec t ive of t his paper is t o analyse how ret urn has been dealt wit h by int ernat ional migrat ion t heories, emphasising part ic ularly t he assumpt ions on whic h t hey rest. This t heoret ic al overview is nec essary t o show how ret urn has been def ined and loc at ed in t ime and spac e, andhow t he ret urnee has been depic t ed. The sec ond obj ec t ive is t o t ak e t he various approac hes t o ret urn migrat ion a st ep f urt her by elaborat ing on t he t heoret ic al insight s t hat have been ex t ensively proposed. The c onc ept ual approac h t o ret urnees is t hen revisit ed, t ak ing int o ac c ount a set of dist inguishing c rit eria, i.e. t he ret urnee' s " preparedness " and " resourc e mobilisat ion ".

@book{parschalk_brixen_2003,
	address = {Brixen (Bozen)},
	title = {Brixen, 1918-1939: vom {Ersten} {Weltkrieg} bis zur {Option}},
	isbn = {88-85831-93-1},
	publisher = {A. Weger},
	author = {Parschalk, Norbert},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {History, Politics and government, Fascism, Bressanone (Italy), Italy Bressanone},
}

@phdthesis{palfrader_textquotedblgleich_2003,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblGleich} woar der {Hoß} net do, oba ma hot se nimmer mehr so verstonden, unter sich\${\textbackslash}ldots\${\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Erfahrungen} zur {Zeit} des italienischen {Faschismus} und der {Option} 1939 in einem ladinischen {Dorf} in {Südtirol} anhand narrativer {Interviews}},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Palfrader, Petra},
	year = {2003},
}

@phdthesis{weithaler_sudtirol_2003,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Südtirol 1945 - 1948: die {Nachkriegszeit} und die {Anfangsjahre} der {Südtiroler} {Volkspartei} : die {Geschichte} einer {Partei} von ihrer {Gründung} 1945 bis hin zu den ersten {Landtagswahlen} 1948 in {Wechselwirkung} mit der {Nachkriegsgeschichte} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Weithaler, Wolfgang},
	year = {2003},
}

@book{wedekind_nationalsozialistische_2003,
	address = {München},
	series = {Militärgeschichtliche {Studien}},
	title = {Nationalsozialistische {Besatzungs}- und {Annexionspolitik} in {Norditalien} 1943 bis 1945. {Die} {Operationszonen} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblAlpenvorland}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl und {\textbackslash}{textquotedblAdriatisches} {Küstenland}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	volume = {38},
	publisher = {R. Oldenbourg Verlag},
	author = {Wedekind, Michael},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Italy, 1939-1945, World War, 1943-1945, German occupation, Northern},
}

@incollection{steurer_vorwort_2003,
	address = {Trento},
	series = {Labirinti. {Collana} del {Dipartimento} di {Scienze} {Filologiche} e {Storiche}, 67},
	title = {Vorwort},
	booktitle = {Schreiben über {Bleiben} oder {Gehen}. {Die} {Option} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur} 1945-2000},
	publisher = {Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento. Dipartimento di Scienze Filologiche e Storiche},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Foppa, Brigitte},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {11--16},
}

@phdthesis{foppa_schreiben_2003,
	address = {Trento},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Schreiben über {Bleiben} oder {Gehen}. {Die} {Option} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur} 1945-2000: {Labirinti}. {Collana} del {Dipartimento} di {Scienze} {Filologiche} e {Storiche}, 67},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Foppa, Brigitte},
	year = {2003},
}

@book{foppa_schreiben_2003-1,
	address = {Trento},
	series = {Labirinti. {Collana} del {Dipartimento} di {Scienze} {Filologiche} e {Storiche}, 67},
	title = {Schreiben über {Bleiben} oder {Gehen}. {Die} {Option} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur} 1945-2000},
	publisher = {Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento. Dipartimento di Scienze Filologiche e Storiche},
	editor = {Foppa, Brigitte},
	year = {2003},
}

@incollection{alber_system_2003,
	address = {Trento},
	series = {Labirinti. {Collana} del {Dipartimento} di {Scienze} {Filologiche} e {Storiche}, 67},
	title = {Das {System} {Dialekt} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur}},
	booktitle = {Schreiben über {Bleiben} oder {Gehen}. {Die} {Option} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur} 1945-2000},
	publisher = {Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento. Dipartimento di Scienze Filologiche e Storiche},
	author = {Alber, Birgit},
	editor = {Foppa, Brigitte},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {553--568},
}

@article{aichner_option_2003,
	title = {Option und {Schulen} im {Krieg}. {\textbackslash}{textquotedblReichsschule} für {Volksdeutsche}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl in {Rufach}},
	number = {90},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Aichner, Peter},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {17--24},
}

@phdthesis{lechner_eroberung_2003,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Die {Eroberung} der {Fremdstämmigen}: {Provinzfaschismus} in {Südtirol} 1921-1926},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	year = {2003},
}

@book{gelmi_furstbischof_2003,
	address = {Brixen},
	title = {Fürstbischof {Johannes} {Geisler} (1882-1952): eines der dramatischesten {Kapitel} der {Südtiroler} {Geschichte}},
	isbn = {88-85831-91-5},
	publisher = {A. Weger},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {20th century, Politics and government, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Geisler, Johannes, Princes},
}

@incollection{neugebauer_remigration_2003,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Remigration},
	url = {https://www.doew.at/cms/download/4kijs/remigration.pdf},
	language = {German},
	booktitle = {Jahrbuch 2003},
	publisher = {Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes},
	author = {Neugebauer, Wolfgang and Ganglmair, Siegwald},
	editor = {{DÖW}},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {96--102},
}

@book{brettell_anthropology_2003,
	address = {Lanham},
	title = {Anthropology and migration: essays on transnationalism, ethnicity, and identity},
	isbn = {978-0-7591-1609-2},
	shorttitle = {Anthropology and migration},
	url = {http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1340075},
	abstract = {Brettell's new book provides new insight into the processes of migration and transnationalism from an anthropological perspective. It has been estimated at the turn of the millennium that 160 million people are living outside of their country of birth or citizenship. The author analyzes macro and micro approaches to migration theory, utilizing her extensive fieldwork in Portugal as well as research in Germany, Brazil, France, the United States and Canada. Key issues she discusses include: the value of immigrant incorporation vs. assimilation models; the impacts on individual, household and community as well as institutions and states; the role of ethnicity and ethnic groups; the effects of clandestine or illegal immigration; the differing commitments to host vs. sending communities; the shift from city enclaves to suburban areas; the constraints and opportunities that lead to ethnic entrepreneurship; the role of religion in transnational linkages; and the differing experiences of men and women as migrants. Brettell also explores the relevance of life histories and oral narratives in understanding the immigration process and the mediation of boundaries in a new society. This book provides a fresh perspective on the contemporary experience of migration and will be indispensable to instructors and researchers in anthropology, race and ethnic studies, immigration studies, urban studies, sociology, and international relations.},
	language = {English},
	urldate = {2018-10-18},
	publisher = {AltaMira Press},
	author = {Brettell, Caroline},
	year = {2003},
}

Brettell's new book provides new insight into the processes of migration and transnationalism from an anthropological perspective. It has been estimated at the turn of the millennium that 160 million people are living outside of their country of birth or citizenship. The author analyzes macro and micro approaches to migration theory, utilizing her extensive fieldwork in Portugal as well as research in Germany, Brazil, France, the United States and Canada. Key issues she discusses include: the value of immigrant incorporation vs. assimilation models; the impacts on individual, household and community as well as institutions and states; the role of ethnicity and ethnic groups; the effects of clandestine or illegal immigration; the differing commitments to host vs. sending communities; the shift from city enclaves to suburban areas; the constraints and opportunities that lead to ethnic entrepreneurship; the role of religion in transnational linkages; and the differing experiences of men and women as migrants. Brettell also explores the relevance of life histories and oral narratives in understanding the immigration process and the mediation of boundaries in a new society. This book provides a fresh perspective on the contemporary experience of migration and will be indispensable to instructors and researchers in anthropology, race and ethnic studies, immigration studies, urban studies, sociology, and international relations.

@book{moch_moving_2003,
	address = {Bloomington ; Indianapolis},
	edition = {2nd ed},
	series = {Interdisciplinary studies in history},
	title = {Moving {Europeans}: migration in {Western} {Europe} since 1650},
	isbn = {978-0-253-34229-4 978-0-253-21595-6},
	shorttitle = {Moving {Europeans}},
	publisher = {Indiana University Press},
	author = {Moch, Leslie Page},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Emigration and immigration History, Europe},
	annote = {Putting migration into history. explaining migration patterns. Region, state, and city. Individuals, social relations, and migration systems. Definitions and data -- Migration in preindustrial Europe. The character of the age. The politics of migration : war, empire, and intolerance. migration in the preindustrial countryside. Family, service, and marriage. Inheritance and landholding. portrait of a migration system. movement to the preindustrial city. -- Migration in the age of early industry. the character of the age: politics, population, and landholding. "hybrid societies" and the family economy. early industry and migration. the expansion of temporary migration. portrait of a migration system. vagrancy, crime, and illegitimacy : the marginal migrant. migration to eighteenth-century towns and cities. -- Migration in an age of urbanization and industrialization. the character of the age : war, peace, and migration. rural europe. population and landholding in the nineteenth century. the disintegration of rural livelihoods. changing patterns of circular migration. the example of east elbia. migration and urbanization. migrants and the urban economy. crime and illegitimacy : the marginal migrant. migration to the americas. patterns of transatlantic migration. a global labor force. the process of transatlantic migration. -- Migration in the twentieth century. migration among european nations, 1914-1945. population, migration, and urbanization after 1914. foreign labor in postwar europe, 1945-1973. from migrant labor to ethnic minority : the turks in germany. immigration since 1973},
}

@techreport{oneil_discussion_2003,
	type = {{MPI} {Policy} {Brief}},
	title = {Discussion on {Migration} and {Development}: {Using} {Remittances} and {Circular} {Migration} as {Drivers} for {Development}},
	shorttitle = {Discussion on {Migration} and {Development}},
	url = {https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/discussion-migration-and-development-using-remittances-and-circular-migration-drivers},
	abstract = {Although the relationship between migration and development has been widely discussed and debated for more than 30 years, a number of unanswered questions and unsettled debates remain. On April 11 and 12, 2003, the Migration Policy Institute sought to advance the dialogue. This report summarizes the key talking points of the high level meeting and offers some key summary remarks.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-05-30},
	author = {O'Neil, Kevin},
	year = {2003},
}

Although the relationship between migration and development has been widely discussed and debated for more than 30 years, a number of unanswered questions and unsettled debates remain. On April 11 and 12, 2003, the Migration Policy Institute sought to advance the dialogue. This report summarizes the key talking points of the high level meeting and offers some key summary remarks.

@book{bade_migration_2003,
	address = {Malden, MA},
	series = {The making of {Europe}},
	title = {Migration in {European} history},
	isbn = {978-0-631-18939-8},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Blackwell Pub},
	author = {Bade, Klaus J.},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {History, Emigration and immigration History, Europe, Migration, Internal, Immigrants, Foreign countries, Europeans},
	annote = {Migration during the shift from agrarian to industrial societies. -- Migration in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. -- The period of the world wars: escape, expulsion, forced labour. -- Migration and migratory policies in the Cold War. -- Europe : a continent of immigration at the end of the twentieth century},
}

@book{steininger_south_2003,
	address = {New Brunswick, NJ},
	series = {Studies in {Austrian} and central {European} history and culture},
	title = {South {Tyrol}: a minority conflict of the twentieth century},
	isbn = {978-0-7658-0800-4},
	shorttitle = {South {Tyrol}},
	publisher = {Transaction Publishers},
	author = {Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
}

@book{pitscheider_tirol_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Tirol und {Vorarlberg} in der {NS}-{Zeit}: {Innsbrucker} {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1634-9},
	publisher = {Studien Verlag},
	editor = {Pitscheider, Sabine and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {Jews, National socialism, Austria Tyrol, Austria Vorarlberg, Persecutions},
}

@incollection{mittermair_von_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck u. a},
	title = {Von der {Illegalität} zur {Macht}. {Soziale} {Merkmale} des {Völkischen} {Kampfringes} {Südtirols} und der {Arbeitsgemeinschaft} der {Optanten}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1749-3},
	booktitle = {Tirol zwischen {Diktatur} und {Demokratie}, (1930-1950). {Beiträge} für {Rolf} {Steininger} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Mittermair, Veronika},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Tyrol (Austria)},
	pages = {201--212},
}

@phdthesis{mayr_entstehen_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Das {Entstehen} von {Volkswohnungen} durch die {\textbackslash}{textquotedblNeue} {Heimat}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl für {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} im {Bezirk} {Landeck}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Mayr, Stefan},
	year = {2002},
}

@incollection{verdorfer_stadt_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck u. a},
	title = {Die {Stadt} als öffentlicher {Erinnerungsraum} am {Beispiel} der {Landeshauptstadt} {Bozen}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1749-3},
	booktitle = {Tirol zwischen {Diktatur} und {Demokratie}, (1930-1950). {Beiträge} für {Rolf} {Steininger} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Tyrol (Austria)},
	pages = {187--200},
}

@phdthesis{schweitzer_wanderndes_2002,
	address = {Fiesole},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Wanderndes {Gedächtnis} - {Wandelnde} {Erinnerungen}. {Migration} und {Akkulturation} von südtiroler {Umsiedlerinnen} und {Umsiedlern}},
	school = {European University Institute},
	author = {Schweitzer, Sabine},
	year = {2002},
}

@book{eisterer_tirol_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck u. a},
	title = {Tirol zwischen {Diktatur} und {Demokratie}, (1930-1950). {Beiträge} für {Rolf} {Steininger} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1749-3},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {2002},
}

@book{falch_heimatfern_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	title = {Heimatfern. {Die} {Südtiroler} {Arbeitsmigration} der 1950er und 1960er {Jahre}: {Innsbrucker} {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}, 17},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Falch, Sabine},
	year = {2002},
}

@article{alexander_option_2002,
	title = {Option und {Umsiedlung} der {SüdtirolerInnen}},
	number = {88},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {6--9},
}

@phdthesis{auckenthaler_textquotedblnur_2002,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblNur} net rogeln{\textbackslash}textquotedbl? 1989: das 50-jährige {Gedenken} der {Option} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Auckenthaler, Sabina},
	year = {2002},
}

@incollection{gehler__2002,
	address = {Innsbruck u. a},
	title = {"... wie äußerst empfindlich die vor den {Toren} {Italiens} geschaffene {Lage} ist." {Der} "{Anschluss}" 1938 und die {Südtirolfrage} mit {Blick} auf die "{Achse}" {Berlin}-{Rom}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1749-3},
	booktitle = {Tirol zwischen {Diktatur} und {Demokratie}, (1930-1950). {Beiträge} für {Rolf} {Steininger} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Gehler, Michael},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Tyrol (Austria)},
	pages = {213--245},
}

@article{kuhebacher_option_2002,
	title = {Option – {Schicksalsjahr} 1939},
	number = {88},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Kühebacher, Maria Luise},
	year = {2002},
}

@article{kahn_von_2002,
	title = {Von der {Option} bis zum {Kriegsende}. {Gsieser} {Tal}},
	number = {88},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Kahn, Johann},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {19--22},
}

@article{innerbichler_option_2002,
	title = {Die {Option} aus {Ahrntaler} {Sicht}},
	number = {88},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Innerbichler, Franz},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {14--15},
}

@phdthesis{linter_schule_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Schule zum {Land}⁉},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Linter, Helga Verena},
	year = {2002},
}

@article{hofer_zeit_2002,
	title = {Die {Zeit} der {Option} in persönlichen {Lebensbildern}},
	number = {88},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Hofer, Heinrich},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {17--18},
}

@incollection{heiss_jahr_2002,
	address = {Innsbruck u. a},
	title = {Jahr der {Entscheidung}. {Zur} {Gründungsphase} der {Südtiroler} {Volkspartei} 1945},
	isbn = {3-7065-1749-3},
	booktitle = {Tirol zwischen {Diktatur} und {Demokratie}, (1930-1950). {Beiträge} für {Rolf} {Steininger} zum 60. {Geburtstag}},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Heiss, Hans},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Tyrol (Austria)},
	pages = {267--290},
}

@book{cinel_national_2002,
	address = {Cambridge},
	edition = {2},
	series = {Interdisciplinary {Perspectives} on {Modern} {History}},
	title = {The {National} {Integration} of {Italian} {Return} {Migration}, 1870-1929},
	isbn = {978-0-521-52118-5},
	abstract = {This book examines return migration to Italy from the United States from 1870 to 1929. A large number of Italians did not intend to settle permanently in the United States. Rather, they emigrated temporarily to the United States to make money in order to buy land in Italy. The book documents the flow back to Italy of individuals and remittances and discusses the strategies used by returnees in investing American savings.},
	language = {Englisch},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Cinel, Dino},
	year = {2002},
}

This book examines return migration to Italy from the United States from 1870 to 1929. A large number of Italians did not intend to settle permanently in the United States. Rather, they emigrated temporarily to the United States to make money in order to buy land in Italy. The book documents the flow back to Italy of individuals and remittances and discusses the strategies used by returnees in investing American savings.

@article{stolz_foreign_2002,
	title = {The {Foreign} {Intelligence} {Surveillance} {Act} of 1978: {The} {Role} of {Symbolic} {Politics}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {0265-8240, 1467-9930},
	shorttitle = {The {Foreign} {Intelligence} {Surveillance} {Act} of 1978},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9930.00136},
	doi = {10.1111/1467-9930.00136},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-05-07},
	journal = {Law {\textless}html\_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="\&"/{\textgreater} Policy},
	author = {Stolz, Barbara Ann},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	pages = {269--298},
}

@book{nusbaumer_alfred_2001,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München and Lucca},
	title = {Alfred {Quellmalz} und seine {Südtiroler} {Feldforschungen} (1940-42). {Eine} {Studie} zur musikalischen {Volkskunde} unter dem {Nationalsozialismus}: {Bibliotheca} musicologica, 6},
	publisher = {Studienverlag, LIM - Libreria Musicale Italiana},
	author = {Nußbaumer, Thomas},
	year = {2001},
}

@phdthesis{tabarelli_memoria_2001,
	address = {Trient},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {La memoria delle opzioni nella bassa {Atesina}},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Tabarelli, Sabrina},
	year = {2001},
}

@phdthesis{seebacher_alpenverein_2001,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Der {Alpenverein} {Südtirol} als politischer {Akteur}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Seebacher, Peter},
	year = {2001},
}

@phdthesis{gabrieli_achern_2001,
	address = {Trient},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Achern - {\textbackslash}textquotedbldie {Reichsschule} für {Volksdeutsche}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl: la scuola femminile per le figlie degli optanti sudtirolesi (1940-1944)},
	abstract = {Achern: {\textbackslash}textquotedblDie Reichsschule für Volksdeutsche{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. La scuola femminile per le figlie degli optanti sudtirolesi (1940-1944)},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Gabrieli, Elena},
	year = {2001},
}

Achern: \textquotedblDie Reichsschule für Volksdeutsche\textquotedbl. La scuola femminile per le figlie degli optanti sudtirolesi (1940-1944)

@book{gelmi_geschichte_2001,
	address = {Innsbruck and Bozen},
	title = {Geschichte der {Kirche} in {Tirol}: {Nord}-, {Ost}- und {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {88-8266-095-8},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verlag and Athesia-Verlag},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	year = {2001},
}

@article{embacher_heimkehr_2001,
	title = {Eine {Heimkehr} gibt es nicht? {Remigration} nach Österreich?},
	volume = {19},
	language = {German},
	journal = {Jüdische Emigration zwischen Assimilation und Verfolgung, Akkulturation und jüdischer Identität},
	author = {Embacher, Helga},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {187--209},
}

@article{wyman_return_2001,
	series = {Historical {Studies} in {Ethnicity}, {Migration} and {Diaspora}},
	title = {Return migration ‐ old story, new story},
	volume = {20},
	doi = {10.1080/02619288.2001.9975006},
	abstract = {This article locates the phenomenon of return migration within a broader history of European and American experiences. It argues that by studying return migration we can perhaps better understand some apparent contradictions in the broader themes of migration history. For example, by considering the patterns of, and motivations for, return migration from America to Europe, we are able to probe why some countries were severely damaged both economically and socially by high emigration and why others were not. In considering such issues, this article draws heavily, but not exclusively, on the Scandinavian countries. The discussion that follows hopes to reinforce the notion, apparent from the history of the 1880–1930 era in Europe and America, that return migration was among those major influences that challenged and jarred traditional societies and produced the modern world we all inhabit.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Immigrants \& Minorities},
	author = {Wyman, Mark},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1--18},
}

This article locates the phenomenon of return migration within a broader history of European and American experiences. It argues that by studying return migration we can perhaps better understand some apparent contradictions in the broader themes of migration history. For example, by considering the patterns of, and motivations for, return migration from America to Europe, we are able to probe why some countries were severely damaged both economically and socially by high emigration and why others were not. In considering such issues, this article draws heavily, but not exclusively, on the Scandinavian countries. The discussion that follows hopes to reinforce the notion, apparent from the history of the 1880–1930 era in Europe and America, that return migration was among those major influences that challenged and jarred traditional societies and produced the modern world we all inhabit.

@incollection{cerase_londa_2001,
	title = {L’onda di ritorno, i rimpatri},
	booktitle = {Storia dell’emigrazione italiana: {Partenze}},
	publisher = {Progetti Donzelli},
	author = {Cerase, Francesco Paolo},
	editor = {Franzina, Emilio and De Clementi, Andreina and Bevilacqua, Piero},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {113--126},
}

@book{lawton_population_2001,
	title = {Population and {Society} in {Western} {European} {Port} {Cities}, c 1650-1939},
	isbn = {978-1-78138-811-2 978-0-85323-435-7},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt5vjmf3},
	urldate = {2022-10-14},
	publisher = {Liverpool University Press},
	editor = {Lawton, Richard and Lee, Robert},
	month = sep,
	year = {2001},
	doi = {10.2307/j.ctt5vjmf3},
}

@incollection{ploner_bericht_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Bericht einer {Zeitzeugin}},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Ploner, Ottilia},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {75--79},
}

@incollection{platen_von_erzeugung_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die {Erzeugung} der vollkommenen {Menschen}. {Nationalsozialistischer} {Versuch} der {Ausrottung} {\textbackslash}textquotedblpsychisch {Abartiger}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Platen von, Alice Ricciardi},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {13--17},
}

@incollection{perwanger_vorwort_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Vorwort},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Perwanger, Verena and Vallazza, Giorgio},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
}

@phdthesis{postinghel-rabensteiner_amtliche_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Amtliche} {Deutsche} {Ein}- und {Rückwandererstelle} in {Bozen} ({ADERSt}) : {Beiträge} aus bisher nicht veröffentlichten {Quellen}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Postinghel-Rabensteiner, Elisabeth},
	year = {2000},
}

@incollection{pantozzi_verschleppung_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die {Verschleppung} der {Psychiatriepatienten} aus {Pergine} nach {Zwiefalten} (26. {Mai} 1940)},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Pantozzi, Giuseppe},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {43--47},
}

@incollection{mittermair_bruchlose_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Bruchlose {Karrieren}? {Zum} {Werdegang} der {Südtiroler} {Politikerschicht} bis zur {\textbackslash}{textquotedblStunde} {Null}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Mittermair, Veronika},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {169--202},
}

@incollection{pallaver_schlamm_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Schlamm drüber},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {256--280},
}

@incollection{norcio_psychiatrie_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Psychiatrie und {Nationalsozialismus}. {Logische}, historische und kulturelle {Zusammenhänge}},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Norcio, Bruno and Toresini, Lorenzo},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {19--28},
}

@book{verband_angehoriger_und_freunde_psychisch_kranker_wahnsinn_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	editor = {{Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker}},
	year = {2000},
}

@book{tschurtschenthaler_nirgends_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Nirgends mehr daheim. {Paul} {Tschurtschenthalers} {Brunecker} {Chronik} 1935-1939},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-145-8},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	editor = {Tschurtschenthaler, Paul},
	year = {2000},
}

@incollection{verdorfer_individuelles_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Individuelles und kollektives {Nachkriegsgedächtnis} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {296--308},
}

@book{seberich_sudtiroler_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Südtiroler {Schulgeschichte}. {Muttersprachlicher} {Unterricht} unter fremdem {Gesetz}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Seberich, Rainer},
	year = {2000},
}

@book{scroccaro_dallaquila_2000,
	address = {Trento},
	series = {Collana di pubblicazioni del {Museo} storico in {Trento}},
	title = {Dall'aquila bicipite alla croce uncinata. {L}'{Italia} e le opzioni nelle nuove provincie {Trentino}, {Sudtirolo}, {Val} {Canale} (1919-1939)},
	isbn = {88-7197-051-9},
	publisher = {Museo storico in Trento},
	editor = {Scroccaro, Mauro},
	year = {2000},
}

@incollection{steurer_sudtirol_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Südtirol 1943-1946: {Von} der {Operationszone} {Alpenvorland} zum {Pariser} {Vertrag}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {48--106},
}

@incollection{steurer_option_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Option - {Umsiedlung} - {Euthanasie} in {Südtirol} 1939-1945},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {29--36},
}

@incollection{may_sudtiroler_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Südtiroler {Patienten} in {Baden}-{Württemberg} - {Versuche} ihrer {Repatriierung}},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {May, Johannes},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {55--64},
}

@incollection{cranach_deportiert_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Deportiert und ermordet. {Das} {Schicksal} {Südtiroler} {Patienten} in {Kaufbeuren}-{Irsee} von 1939-1945},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Cranach, Michael von},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {65--74},
}

@incollection{alexander_1945_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {1945: {Vorläufige} {Bilanz} eines wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen {Umbruchs} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {152--168},
}

@incollection{arreghini_option_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Option: eine freie {Entscheidung} oder {Abschiebung} von {\textbackslash}{textquotedblUnzurechnungsfähigen}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl?},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Arreghini, Ermanno},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {37--41},
}

@phdthesis{abram_politischen_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die politischen {Ideen} {Ettore} {Tolomeis}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Abram, Brigitte},
	year = {2000},
}

@incollection{conrad_neubeginn_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Neubeginn im deutschsprachigen {Schulwesen}?},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Conrad, Claus},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {203--248},
}

@article{biber_sudtiroler_2000,
	title = {Das {Südtiroler} {Optionsabkommen} und seine {Auswirkungen} auf den {Raum} {Dillingen} vor 60 {Jahren}},
	volume = {101},
	journal = {Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins Dillingen an der Donau},
	author = {Biber, Hermann},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {247--254},
}

@book{kranker_wahnsinn_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
}

@article{lee_klein_emergence_2000,
	title = {On the {Emergence} of {Memory} in {Historical} {Discourse}: {Special} {Issue}: {Grounds} for {Remembering}},
	volume = {69},
	journal = {Representations},
	author = {Lee Klein, Kerwin},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {127--150},
}

@incollection{lechner_zwischen_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Zwischen den {Landesteilen}: {Südtirols} {Optanten} 1945–1948},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	booktitle = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {281--295},
}

@incollection{lechner_herr_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Herr {Rat} und die {Stadt} {Bruneck} im {Faschismus}},
	isbn = {978-88-7283-145-8},
	booktitle = {Nirgends mehr daheim. {Paul} {Tschurtschenthalers} {Brunecker} {Chronik} 1935-1939},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	editor = {Tschurtschenthaler, Paul},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {10--22},
}

@book{giordano_zweite_2000,
	address = {Köln},
	edition = {[Neuausg.].},
	series = {{KiWi}},
	title = {Die zweite {Schuld}, oder, {Von} der {Last} {Deutscher} zu sein},
	volume = {586},
	isbn = {978-3-462-02943-7},
	publisher = {Kiepenheuer \& Witsch},
	author = {Giordano, Ralph},
	year = {2000},
}

@incollection{hartungen_premessa_2000,
	address = {Trento},
	series = {Collana di pubblicazioni del {Museo} storico in {Trento}},
	title = {Premessa},
	isbn = {88-7197-051-9},
	booktitle = {Dall'aquila bicipite alla croce uncinata. {L}'{Italia} e le opzioni nelle nuove provincie {Trentino}, {Sudtirolo}, {Val} {Canale} (1919-1939)},
	publisher = {Museo storico in Trento},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von},
	editor = {Scroccaro, Mauro},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Italy, Germany, Ethnic relations, 1933-1945, Foreign relations, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Fascism, Minorities, 1922-1945, National, Self determination},
	pages = {5--7},
}

@incollection{hinterhuber_schicksal_2000,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Das {Schicksal} der Überlebenden},
	booktitle = {Wahnsinn und ethnische {Säuberung}. {Deportation} und {Vernichtung} psychisch {Kranker} aus {Südtirol} 1939-1945. {Akten} des {Kongresses} vom 10. {März} 1995},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch Kranker},
	author = {Hinterhuber, Hartmann},
	editor = {Kranker, Verband Angehöriger und Freunde psychisch},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {49--54},
}

@book{heiss_sudtirol_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs}, 10},
	title = {Südtirol - {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	volume = {10},
	isbn = {3-7065-1441-9},
	publisher = {Studienverlag},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
}

@incollection{heiss_sudtirolfrage_2000,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Veröffentlichungen des {Südtiroler} {Landesarchivs} {Pubblicazioni} dell'{Archivio} della {Provincia} di {Bolzano}},
	title = {Die {Südtirolfrage} 1945/46 und die {Besatzungsmacht} in {Nordtirol}},
	isbn = {978-3-7065-1441-5},
	number = {Bd. 10},
	booktitle = {Südtirol, {Stunde} {Null}? {Kriegsende} 1945-1946},
	publisher = {Studien Verlag},
	author = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	editor = {Heiss, Hans and Pfeifer, Gustav},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {History, Congresses, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, 1939-1945},
	pages = {107--116},
	annote = {Proceedings of a conference held May 12-13, 1995},
}

@article{polian_rapatriement_2000,
	title = {Le rapatriement des citoyens soviétiques à partir de la {France} et des zones d’occupation françaises en {Allemagne} et en {Autriche}},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {1252-6576, 1777-5388},
	url = {http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/35},
	doi = {10.4000/monderusse.35},
	number = {41/1},
	urldate = {2022-06-01},
	journal = {Cahiers du monde russe},
	author = {Polian, Pavel M.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2000},
	pages = {165--190},
}

@book{haug_soziales_2000,
	address = {Opladen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Bundesinstituts} für {Bevölkerungsforschung}},
	title = {Soziales {Kapital} und {Kettenmigration}: italienische {Migranten} in {Deutschland}},
	isbn = {978-3-322-94983-7 978-3-8100-2959-1},
	shorttitle = {Soziales {Kapital} und {Kettenmigration}},
	abstract = {Die theoretische Modellierung und empirische Untersuchung von Kettenmigrationsprozessen folgt der These, dass bei der Entscheidung zur Migration soziale Beziehungen der Migranten von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Anhand eines Überblicks über die Literatur wird gezeigt, dass dieser Sachverhalt in klassischen Erklärungsansätzen wenig Berücksichtigung findet. Neuere Ansätze dagegen weisen auf die Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke und kumulativer Prozesse bei der Migration hin, vernachlässigen aber die ökonomischen Aspekte von Migrationsentscheidungen. Um klassische und neuere Ansätze miteinander zu verbinden wird auf der Basis der Theorie rationaler Entscheidungsprozesse ein allgemeines Erklärungsmodell für die Entstehung von Kettenmigrationsprozessen vorgestellt, das soziale und familiale Netzwerke mit einbezieht und Migration im Zeitverlauf betrachtet. Soziales Kapital fungiert dabei als eine Art "missing link" zwischen individuellen Entscheidungen und resultierenden Migrationsprozessen. Die Rolle von Verwandtschaftsnetzwerken bei der Immigrations- und Rückkehrentscheidung am Beispiel der italienischen Migranten in Deutschland konnte empirisch bestätigt werden},
	language = {ger},
	number = {31},
	publisher = {Leske + Budrich},
	author = {Haug, Sonja},
	collaborator = {Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung},
	year = {2000},
	annote = {Zugl.: Mannheim, Univ., Diss., 1999 u.d.T.: Haug, Sonja: Soziales Kapital, Migrationsentscheidungen und Kettenmigrationsprozesse},
}

Die theoretische Modellierung und empirische Untersuchung von Kettenmigrationsprozessen folgt der These, dass bei der Entscheidung zur Migration soziale Beziehungen der Migranten von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Anhand eines Überblicks über die Literatur wird gezeigt, dass dieser Sachverhalt in klassischen Erklärungsansätzen wenig Berücksichtigung findet. Neuere Ansätze dagegen weisen auf die Bedeutung sozialer Netzwerke und kumulativer Prozesse bei der Migration hin, vernachlässigen aber die ökonomischen Aspekte von Migrationsentscheidungen. Um klassische und neuere Ansätze miteinander zu verbinden wird auf der Basis der Theorie rationaler Entscheidungsprozesse ein allgemeines Erklärungsmodell für die Entstehung von Kettenmigrationsprozessen vorgestellt, das soziale und familiale Netzwerke mit einbezieht und Migration im Zeitverlauf betrachtet. Soziales Kapital fungiert dabei als eine Art "missing link" zwischen individuellen Entscheidungen und resultierenden Migrationsprozessen. Die Rolle von Verwandtschaftsnetzwerken bei der Immigrations- und Rückkehrentscheidung am Beispiel der italienischen Migranten in Deutschland konnte empirisch bestätigt werden

@incollection{pallaver_lange_1999,
	address = {Wien-Bozen},
	title = {Der lange {Schatten} der {Vergangenheit}. {Die} {Option} des {Jahres} 1939 und ihre {Auswirkungen} auf die politische {Kultur} {Südtirols} nach 1945},
	isbn = {3-85256-132-9},
	booktitle = {Rieche, es ist die deutsche {Faust}. {Ein} {Südtiroler} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblOptantenjunge}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl erlebt die {NS}-{Zeit} in {Wels}},
	publisher = {Folio Verlag},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther},
	editor = {Christoforetti, Rudi},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {History, National socialism, Austria Wels, Christoforetti, Rudi, Wels (Austria)},
	pages = {9--26},
}

@book{solderer_20_1999,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Das 20. {Jahrhundert} in {Südtirol}: {Band} {I}: {Abschied} vom {Vaterland}: 1900-1919},
	isbn = {88-7283-130-X},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	editor = {Solderer, Gottfried and Clementi, Siglinde and Kofler, Astrid and Pallaver, Günther and Peterlini, Hans K. and Rohrer, Josef and Schröder, Nina and Heiss, Hans},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
}

@book{sieder_bruchiges_1999,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Brüchiges {Leben}. {Biographien} in sozialen {Systemen}},
	isbn = {3-85132-218-5},
	publisher = {Turia + Kant},
	editor = {Sieder, Reinhard},
	year = {1999},
}

@incollection{schweitzer_fortgehen_1999,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Fortgehen. {Nationale} {Optionen} und privates {Leben} von {Südtiroler} {Umsiedlerinnen}},
	isbn = {3-85132-218-5},
	booktitle = {Brüchiges {Leben}. {Biographien} in sozialen {Systemen}},
	publisher = {Turia + Kant},
	author = {Schweitzer, Sabine},
	editor = {Sieder, Reinhard},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {102--148},
}

@phdthesis{covi_opzioni_1999,
	address = {Trient},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Le opzioni a {Sesto} {Pusteria} fra storia, memoria e letteratura: 1939-1943. {Dall}'{Archivio} comunale di {Sesto} {Pusteria}},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Covi, Silvia Maria},
	year = {1999},
}

@book{christoforetti_rieche_1999,
	address = {Wien-Bozen},
	title = {Rieche, es ist die deutsche {Faust}. {Ein} {Südtiroler} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblOptantenjunge}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl erlebt die {NS}-{Zeit} in {Wels}},
	isbn = {3-85256-132-9},
	publisher = {Folio Verlag},
	editor = {Christoforetti, Rudi},
	year = {1999},
}

@book{ladinisches_padagogisches_institut_faschismus_1999,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Faschismus, {Nationalsozialismus}, {Option}. {Beiträge} zum {Geschichtsunterricht} an den ladinischen {Mittel}- und {Oberschulen}. {Eine} {Handreichung} für die {Geschichtslehrer} und {Geschichtslehrerinnen}},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Istitut Pedagogich Ladin},
	author = {{Ladinisches Pädagogisches Institut}},
	year = {1999},
}

@article{noauthor_eingeschrankter_1999,
	title = {Eingeschränkter {Zugriff}},
	url = {https://digital.tessmann.it/tessmannDigital/Zeitungsarchiv/Seite/Zeitung/4/1/09.02.1999/119990/4/filterId-4%01119990%011101570-query-R%C3%BCckoption.html},
	journal = {Dolomiten},
	month = sep,
	year = {1999},
	pages = {4},
}

@book{pellens_migration_1998,
	address = {Schwalbach},
	title = {Migration: {Lernchancen} für den historisch-politischen {Unterricht}},
	isbn = {3-87920-387-3},
	publisher = {Wochenschau},
	author = {Pellens, Karl and Berndorfer, Alois},
	year = {1998},
}

@book{raffeiner_tagebucher_1998,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Tagebücher, 1945-1948},
	isbn = {3-900949-30-1},
	publisher = {Sturzflüge},
	author = {Raffeiner, Josef},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), 1945-, Diaries, Josef, Politicians, Raffeiner},
}

@phdthesis{mazzocato_schofer_sudtirol_1998,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Südtirol : die deutsche {Minderheit} in {Italien} ; eine historische, soziolinguistische {Darstellung}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Mazzocato Schöfer, Gianfranca},
	year = {1998},
}

@book{pallaver_ich_1998,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Ich teile das {Los} meiner {Erde}/{Condividerò} la sorte della mia terra. {August} {Pichler} 1898-1963},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther and Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {1998},
}

@article{schweitzer__1998,
	title = {"... und dann sind wir herausgekommen ...". {Zur} {Wahrnehmung} von {Option} und {Umsiedlung} der {SüdtirolerInnen}},
	volume = {3},
	journal = {Histoire des Alpes - Storia delle Alpi - Geschichte der Alpen},
	author = {Schweitzer, Sabine},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {351--364},
}

@article{schmidtke_ethnic_1998,
	title = {Ethnic {Mobilization} in {South} {Tyrol}: {A} {Primordial} {Identity} in {Crisis}},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Innovation: The European Journal of Social Sciences},
	author = {Schmidtke, Oliver},
	month = mar,
	year = {1998},
	pages = {25--42},
}

@book{schmidt-bergmann_zwischen_1998,
	address = {Tübingen},
	series = {Reihe der {Villa} {Vigoni}},
	title = {Zwischen {Kontinuität} und {Rekonstruktion}: {Kulturtransfer} zwischen {Deutschland} und {Italien} nach 1945},
	volume = {12},
	isbn = {978-3-484-67012-9},
	publisher = {M. Niemeyer},
	editor = {Schmidt-Bergmann, Hansgeorg},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {German literature, Italian literature, Kulturaustausch, Literatur, Motion pictures, Rezeption},
}

@incollection{costazza_sudtiroler_1998,
	address = {Tübingen},
	series = {Reihe der {Villa} {Vigoni}},
	title = {"{Die} {Südtiroler} hatten über sich nichts auszusagen."{Vergangenheitsbewältigung} in der {Südtiroler} {Literatur} der fünfziger und sechziger {Jahre}},
	isbn = {978-3-484-67012-9},
	booktitle = {Zwischen {Kontinuität} und {Rekonstruktion}},
	publisher = {M. Niemeyer},
	author = {Costazza, Alessandro},
	editor = {Schmidt-Bergmann, Hansgeorg},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {32--53},
}

@book{busjager_bludenzer_1998,
	address = {Bludenz},
	title = {Die {Bludenzer} {Südtiroler}-{Siedlung} und ihre {Bewohner}. {Zur} {Entstehung} und {Sozialgeschichte} eines {Stadtteiles}: {Bludenzer} {Geschichtsblätter}, {H}. 43/45},
	isbn = {3-901833-04-8},
	publisher = {[Selbstverlag Geschichtsverein Region Bludenz]},
	author = {Bußjäger, Peter and Concin, Josef and Gerstgrasser, Karl},
	year = {1998},
}

@book{brockmeier_gewalt_1998,
	address = {Stuttgart},
	title = {Gewalt der {Geschichte} - {Geschichten} der {Gewalt}. {Zur} {Kultur} und {Literatur} {Italiens} von 1945 bis heute},
	isbn = {3-476-45196-8},
	publisher = {M \& P Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung},
	editor = {Brockmeier, Peter and Fischer, Carolin},
	year = {1998},
}

@incollection{kattenbusch_sudtirol_1998,
	address = {Stuttgart},
	title = {Südtirol zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}: {Die} {Option}},
	isbn = {3-476-45196-8},
	booktitle = {Gewalt der {Geschichte} - {Geschichten} der {Gewalt}. {Zur} {Kultur} und {Literatur} {Italiens} von 1945 bis heute},
	publisher = {M \& P Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung},
	author = {Kattenbusch, Dieter},
	editor = {Brockmeier, Peter and Fischer, Carolin},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {20th century, Italy, Civilization, History and criticism, 1945-, Italian literature},
	pages = {61--83},
}

@incollection{kaminsky_schwierigkeiten_1998,
	address = {München},
	title = {Schwierigkeiten der {Heimkehr}. {Eine} {Einführung}},
	isbn = {978-3-406-44201-8},
	booktitle = {Heimkehr 1948},
	publisher = {C.H. Beck},
	author = {Benz, Wolfgang},
	editor = {Kaminsky, Annette},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {History, Germany, World War, 1939-1945, 1945-1955, Prisoners and prisons, German, Reconstruction (1939-1951)},
}

@book{kriechbaumer_osterreichische_1998,
	address = {Wien},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Forschungsinstitutes} für politisch-historische {Studien} der {Dr}.-{Wilfried}-{Haslauer}-{Bibliiothek}, {Salzburg}},
	title = {Österreichische {Nationalgeschichte} nach 1945 / {Robert} {Kriechbaumer} ({Hg}.) ; [herausgegeben vom {Forschungsinstitut} für {Politische} und {Historische} {Studien} in {Salzburg}]},
	isbn = {978-3-205-98909-7 978-3-205-99105-2},
	language = {ger eng},
	number = {Sonderbd. 2},
	publisher = {Böhlau},
	editor = {Kriechbaumer, Robert and Rathkolb, Oliver and Dr.-Wilfried-Haslauer-Bibliothek},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Austria, History, 1955-, Allied occupation, 1945-1955},
	annote = {Bd. 1. Die Spiegel der Erinnerung, die Sicht von innen -- Bd. 2. Mit anderen Augen gesehen : internationale perzeptionen Österreichs 1955-1990 / Oliver Rathkolb, Otto M. Maschke, Stefan August Lingenau (Hg.)},
}

@phdthesis{tolpeit_kriegserfahrungen_1997,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbiet},
	title = {Kriegserfahrungen von {Frauen} in {Südtirol}. ({Ein} {Beitrag} zum {Thema} {Nationalsozialismus} in {Südtirol})},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Tolpeit, Karin},
	year = {1997},
}

@book{volgger_mit_1997,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	edition = {3., erw. Aufl. (1. Aufl. 1984)},
	title = {Mit {Südtirol} am {Scheideweg}. {Erlebte} {Geschichte}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Volgger, Friedl},
	year = {1997},
}

@phdthesis{schneider_reprasentationsbau_1997,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Der {Repräsentationsbau} des {Faschismus} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Schneider, Samantha},
	year = {1997},
}

@book{steininger_osterreich_1997,
	address = {Wien-Köln-Weimar},
	title = {Österreich im 20. {Jahrhundert}. {Ein} {Studienbuch} in zwei {Bänden}, {Bd}. 1: {Von} der {Monarchie} bis zum {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg}},
	isbn = {3-205-98310-6},
	publisher = {Böhlau Verlag},
	editor = {Steininger, Rolf and Gehler, Michael},
	year = {1997},
}

@book{steininger_osterreich_1997-1,
	address = {Wien-Köln-Weimar},
	title = {Österreich im 20. {Jahrhundert}. {Ein} {Studienbuch} in zwei {Bänden}},
	isbn = {3-205-98310-6},
	publisher = {Böhlau Verlag},
	editor = {Steininger, Rolf and Gehler, Michael},
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Austria, 20th century, History},
}

@book{steininger_sudtirol_1997,
	address = {Innsbruck and Wien},
	title = {Südtirol im 20. {Jahrhundert}: von {Leben} und {Uberleben} einer {Minderheit}},
	isbn = {3-7065-1233-5},
	publisher = {Studien Verlag},
	author = {Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1997},
}

@incollection{steininger_23_1997,
	address = {Wien-Köln-Weimar},
	title = {23. {Juni} 1939: {Gehen} oder bleiben? {Die} {Option} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-205-98310-6},
	booktitle = {Österreich im 20. {Jahrhundert}. {Ein} {Studienbuch} in zwei {Bänden}, {Bd}. 1: {Von} der {Monarchie} bis zum {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg}},
	publisher = {Böhlau Verlag},
	author = {Steininger, Rolf},
	editor = {Steininger, Rolf and Gehler, Michael},
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Austria, 20th century, History},
	pages = {367--409},
}

@phdthesis{bozza_tra_1997,
	address = {Trient},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Tra storia e memoria: la vicenda delle opzioni in {Alto} {Adige} (1939-1943). {Un} osservatorio particolare: la scuola},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Bozza, Alessia},
	year = {1997},
}

@phdthesis{kerschbaumer_sudtirol_1997,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Südtirol 1940-1945 in der {Erinnerung}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Kerschbaumer, Iris},
	year = {1997},
}

@phdthesis{martini_comunita_1997,
	address = {Trient},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Le comunità di lingua tedesca della {Val} di {Non} tra due nazionalità e due nazionalismi. {Le} opzioni},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Trento},
	author = {Martini, Francesca},
	year = {1997},
}

@book{holzner_literatur_1997,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Schriftenreihe {Literatur} des {Instituts} für Österreichkunde},
	title = {Literatur in {Südtirol}},
	volume = {2},
	isbn = {3-7065-1228-9},
	publisher = {Studien Verlag},
	author = {Holzner, Johann},
	year = {1997},
}

@phdthesis{pittracher_sudtirolfrage_1996,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Südtirolfrage} 1921 bis 1938 aus italienischer {Sicht}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Pittracher, Stefan},
	year = {1996},
}

@phdthesis{profanter_kindheit_1996,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Kindheit im {Zweiten} {Weltkrieg} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Profanter, Brigitte},
	year = {1996},
}

@phdthesis{uberegger_freienfeld_1996,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Freienfeld unterm {Liktorenbündel} : eine {Fallstudie} zur {Geschichte} der {Südtiroler} {Gemeinden} unter dem {Faschismus}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Überegger, Oswald},
	year = {1996},
}

@phdthesis{busch_baron_1996,
	address = {Denver},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Baron von {Sternbach} and the struggle for {South} {Tirol}},
	school = {University of Denver},
	author = {Busch, Phoebe Wood},
	year = {1996},
}

@book{huter_vertriebene_1996,
	address = {Marburg},
	title = {Vertriebene und {Auswanderer}: Österreichischer im {Pazifischen} {Nordwesten} der {USA}},
	isbn = {978-3-89608-937-3},
	shorttitle = {Vertriebene und {Auswanderer}},
	language = {de},
	publisher = {Tectum Verlag},
	author = {Hüter, Michael},
	year = {1996},
}

@incollection{pelinka_nachwort_1995,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Nachwort. {Kameradschaftsbünde} als {Männerbünde}. {Ein} {Versuch} in 10 {Thesen}},
	isbn = {88-7283-052-4},
	booktitle = {Die versteinerten {Helden}. {Kriegerdenkmäler} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Pelinka, Anton},
	editor = {Heinz, Elmar},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {137--143},
}

@incollection{steurer_vorwort_1995,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Vorwort},
	isbn = {88-7283-052-4},
	booktitle = {Die versteinerten {Helden}. {Kriegerdenkmäler} in {Südtirol}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Heinz, Elmar},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {7--12},
}

@article{hueber_option_1995,
	title = {Die {Option} in {Südtirol}},
	volume = {69},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Hueber, Anton},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {195--208},
}

@phdthesis{marini_kinoarchitektur_1995,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Kinoarchitektur der {Zwischenkriegszeit} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Marini, Claudia},
	year = {1995},
}

@phdthesis{hrovath_kanaltal_1995,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Das {Kanaltal}: die historische {Entwicklung} der deutsch- und slowenischsprachigen {Minderheiten} – mit besonderer {Berücksichtigung} der {Option} von 1939},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Hrovath, Johanna},
	year = {1995},
}

@book{heinz_versteinerten_1995,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die versteinerten {Helden}. {Kriegerdenkmäler} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {88-7283-052-4},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	editor = {Heinz, Elmar},
	year = {1995},
}

@article{regele_bleiber_1994,
	title = {Bleiber, {Optanten} und {Widerstand} in und um {Südtirol}},
	volume = {68},
	number = {8-9},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Regele, Ludwig Walther},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {468--475},
}

@book{mitterer_verkaufte_1994,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	edition = {2. Aufl. (1. Aufl. 1989)},
	title = {Verkaufte {Heimat}: {Die} {Option}. {Eine} {Südtiroler} {Familiensaga} 1938 bis 1945. {Drehbuch}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Mitterer, Felix},
	year = {1994},
}

@incollection{vadagnini_resistenza_1994,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {La {Resistenza} degli italiani e dei sudtirolesi},
	booktitle = {Incontri sulla storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige/Ripartizione 15 - Scuola e cultura in lingua italiana},
	author = {Vadagnini, Armando},
	editor = {Delle Donne, Giorgio},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {345--374},
}

@phdthesis{steger_i_1994,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {I höff la, daß die {Leit} öppans draus gileang hobbm: {Schülerleben} in der {Zeit} des {Faschismus}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Steger, Herlinde},
	year = {1994},
}

@book{delle_donne_incontri_1994,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Incontri sulla storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige/Ripartizione 15 - Scuola e cultura in lingua italiana},
	editor = {Delle Donne, Giorgio},
	year = {1994},
}

@incollection{gelmi_chiesa_1994,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Chiesa e opzioni nel {Sudtirolo} 1939/40},
	booktitle = {Incontri sulla storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige/Ripartizione 15 - Scuola e cultura in lingua italiana},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	editor = {Delle Donne, Giorgio},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {303--319},
}

@article{noauthor_eingeschrankter_1994,
	title = {Eingeschränkter {Zugriff}},
	url = {https://digital.tessmann.it/tessmannDigital/Zeitungsarchiv/Seite/Zeitung/4/1/07.10.1994/118721/24/filterId-4%01118721%011053229-query-R%C3%BCckoption.html},
	journal = {Dolomiten},
	month = jul,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {24},
}

@article{noauthor_zugriff_1994,
	title = {Zugriff eingeschränkt},
	url = {https://digital.tessmann.it/tessmannDigital/Zeitungsarchiv/Seite/Zeitung/4/1/13.07.1994/118649/6/filterId-4%01118649%011050782-query-R%C3%BCckoption.html},
	journal = {Dolomiten},
	month = jul,
	year = {1994},
	pages = {6},
}

@phdthesis{schweitzer_gehen_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Gehen oder bleiben? {Gründe} der {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} und {Umsiedlerinnen} in Österreich zum {Wunsch} einer {Rückkehr} nach {Südtirol} -ermittelt anhand einer quantitativen {Auswertung} der "{Erfassung}" der {Südtiroler} und {Südtirolerinnen} in Österreich aus dem {Jahre} 1947},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Schweitzer, Sabine},
	year = {1993},
}

@phdthesis{raich_katakombenschule_1993,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Katakombenschule : ein {Beitrag} zur pädagogischen {Widerstandsarbeit}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Raich, Judith},
	year = {1993},
}

@phdthesis{oberlechner_felix_1993,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Felix {Mitterer}, "{Verkaufte} {Heimat}". {Historischer} {Hintergrund}, {Drehbuch}, {Film}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Oberlechner, Andrea},
	year = {1993},
}

@book{tiroler_landesinstitut_innsbruck_und_bozen_heimatlos_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
}

@book{steurer_verfolgt_1993,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Verfolgt, verfemt, vergessen: {Lebensgeschichtliche} {Erinnererungen} {An} den {Widerstand} gegen {Nationalsozialismus} und {Krieg}, {Sudtirol} 1943-195},
	publisher = {Edition Sturzfluge},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold and Verdorfer, Martha and Pichler, Walter},
	year = {1993},
}

@phdthesis{schweitzer_gehen_1993-1,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Gehen oder bleiben? {Gründe} der {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} und {Umsiedlerinnen} in Österreich zum {Wunsch} einer {Rückkehr} nach {Südtirol} – ermittelt anhand einer quantitativen {Auswertung} der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblErfassung}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl der {Südtiroler} und {Südtirolerinnen} in Österreich aus dem {Jahre} 1947},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Schweitzer, Sabine},
	year = {1993},
}

@article{corsini_dallanschluss_1993,
	title = {Dall'{Anschluss} all'istituzione della zona di operazioni dell'{Alpenvorland}. {La} penetrazione del nazismo. {Le} opzioni. {L}'occupazione militare del {Reich}. {Il} commissariato di {Franz} {Hofer}},
	volume = {72},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Studi Trentini di Scienze Storiche. Sezione prima},
	author = {Corsini, Umberto},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {455--468},
}

@book{alexander_heimatlos_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut and Lechner, Stefan and Leidlmair, Adolf},
	year = {1993},
}

@incollection{alexander_textquotedblwenn_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblWenn} man drinnen ist, schaut man, daß man sich weiterwursteln kann!{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Erinnerungen} an {Option} und {Umsiedlung}},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	booktitle = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {273--303},
}

@incollection{alexander_heimatlos_1993-1,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Heimatlos?},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	booktitle = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {11--14},
}

@incollection{alexander_umsiedlung_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Die {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler} 1939-1945},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	booktitle = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {43--179},
}

@incollection{alexander_gau_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Der {Gau} {Tirol}-{Vorarlberg} am {Vorabend} der {Umsiedlung}},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	booktitle = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {29--41},
}

@phdthesis{lun_sudtirol_1993,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Südtirol in der {Operationszone} {Alpenvorland}, 1943 - 1945},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Lun, Margareth},
	year = {1993},
}

@incollection{leidlmair_sudtirol_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Südtirol und die {Volkstumspolitik} des {Dritten} {Reiches}},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	booktitle = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Leidlmair, Adolf},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {15--28},
}

@incollection{lechner_rucksiedlung_1993,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Die {Rücksiedlung}},
	isbn = {3-216-07832-9},
	booktitle = {Heimatlos. {Die} {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	publisher = {Franz Deuticke Verlagsgesellschaft},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan and Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {{Tiroler Landesinstitut (Innsbruck und Bozen)}},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {181--271},
}

@article{herzberger_textquotedbloption_1993,
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblOption} 1939{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Manuskript} eines {Zeitzeugen}},
	volume = {137},
	journal = {Jahrbuch Vorarlberger Landesmuseumsverein - Freunde der Landeskunde},
	author = {Herzberger, Emmi and Gruber, Josef},
	year = {1993},
	pages = {161--172},
}

@phdthesis{hainz_schulgeschichte_1993,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Schulgeschichte {Südtirols} 1918 - 46 : unter besonderer {Berücksichtigung} der gesetzlichen {Grundlagen}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Hainz, Christine},
	year = {1993},
}

@book{wyman_round-trip_1993,
	address = {Ithaca, N.Y.},
	title = {Round-trip to {America}: the immigrants return to {Europe}, 1880-1930},
	isbn = {0-8014-2875-0},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Cornell University Press},
	author = {Wyman, Mark},
	year = {1993},
}

@article{noauthor_zugriff_1993,
	title = {Zugriff eingeschränkt},
	url = {https://digital.tessmann.it/tessmannDigital/Zeitungsarchiv/Seite/Zeitung/4/1/17.12.1993/118478/4/filterId-4%01118478%011044530-query-R%C3%BCckoption.html},
	journal = {Dolomiten},
	month = dec,
	year = {1993},
	pages = {4},
}

@article{judt_past_1992,
	title = {The {Past} {Is} {Another} {Country}: {Myth} and {Memory} in {The} {Past} {Is} {Another} {Country}: {Myth} and {Memory} in {Postwar} {Europe}: {Hefttitel}: {Immobile} {Democracy}?},
	volume = {121},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Daedalus},
	author = {Judt, Tony},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {83--118},
}

@phdthesis{pfattner_furstbischof_1991,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Fürstbischof {Johannes} {Geisler} und die {Option}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Pfattner, Maria Luise},
	year = {1991},
}

@incollection{pommerin_stellung_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Die {Stellung} {Südtirols} in der deutschen {Außenpolitik} 1919-1939},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Pommerin, Reiner},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {47--62},
}

@incollection{regele_motive_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Motive von {Optanten} und {Nicht}-{Optanten}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Regele, Ludwig Walther},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {137--159},
}

@incollection{oberreuter_nationalsozialistische_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Das nationalsozialistische {Deutschland} in den {Jahren} 1938/39},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Oberreuter, Heinrich},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {83--104},
}

@book{thaler_unvergessen_1991,
	address = {München u.a},
	series = {Piper},
	title = {Unvergessen: {Option}, {Konzentrationslager}, {Kriegsgefangenschaft}, {Heimkehr}: {Ein} {Sarner} erzählt},
	volume = {1360},
	isbn = {978-3-492-11360-1},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Thaler, Franz},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Konzentrationslager, Kriegsdienstverweigerung, Kriegsgefangener, Weltkrieg (1939-1945), Weltkrieg II},
}

@incollection{zingerle_weshalb_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Weshalb war und ist von "{Option}" die {Rede}? {Eine} {Frage} an die {Forschung}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Zingerle, Arnold},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {201--212},
}

@phdthesis{mayr_reichsschule_1991,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Reichsschule für {Volksdeutsche} in {Achern}: {Nationalsozialistische} {Internatschule} für {Südtiroler} {Mädchen}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Mayr, Monika},
	year = {1991},
}

@incollection{gatterer_sudtirol_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Südtirol 1930-45. {Eine} politische {Landschaftsskizze}},
	isbn = {88-7283-003-6},
	booktitle = {Aufsätze und {Reden}},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	author = {Gatterer, Claus},
	editor = {Gatterer, Claus},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {171--184},
}

@book{gatterer_aufsatze_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Aufsätze und {Reden}},
	isbn = {88-7283-003-6},
	publisher = {Edition Rætia},
	editor = {Gatterer, Claus},
	year = {1991},
}

@incollection{framke_plane_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Pläne und {Initiativen} {Ettore} {Tolomeis} zur {Abwanderung} oder {Aussiedlung} der {Südtiroler}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Framke, Gisela},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {27--45},
}

@incollection{corsini_iniziative_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Iniziative del governo italiano per il trasferimento dei cittadini tedeschi e di {Sudtirolesi} in {Germania}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Corsini, Umberto},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {105--136},
}

@incollection{ara_faschistische_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Das faschistische {Italien} in den {Jahren} 1938/39 und seine {Politik} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Ara, Angelo},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {63--82},
}

@article{keller_ewige_1991,
	title = {Das ewige {Heimweh}. 1941-1991},
	number = {42},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Keller, Anna},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {20--21},
}

@incollection{lill_sudtirol_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Südtirol zwischen {Hitler} und {Mussolini}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Lill, Rudolf},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {7--26},
}

@book{lill_option_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
}

@incollection{leidlmair_durchfuhrung_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Die {Durchführung} der {Option} und ihr {Ergebnis}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Leidlmair, Adolf},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {177--199},
}

@incollection{gelmi_kirche_1991,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Schriftenreihe des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 16},
	title = {Kirche und {Option}},
	isbn = {88-7014-615-4},
	booktitle = {Die {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939. {Beiträge} eines {Neustifter} {Symposions}},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	editor = {Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {Austria, Italy, History Congresses, 1939-1945, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Boundaries Congresses, Territorial questions Congresses},
	pages = {161--176},
}

@phdthesis{pircher_im_1990,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Im {Kampf} um {Südtirol} : die {Volkstumspolitik} des {Andreas} {Hofer}-{Bundes} (1919 - 1938)},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Pircher, Gerd A.},
	year = {1990},
}

@book{swozilek_sudtiroler_1990,
	address = {Bregenz},
	title = {Südtiroler {Optanten} {Vorarlberg}. {Begleitheft} zur {Ausstellung} {Option} {Heimat} {Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols} - {Vom} {Gehen} und vom {Bleiben}. {Ausstellung} des {Tiroler} {Geschichtsvereins}, übernommen vom {Vorarlberger} {Landesmuseum}, {Bregenz}, 31.3.-13.5.1990},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Vorarlberger Landesmuseum},
	editor = {Swozilek, Helmut and {Vorarlberger Landesmuseum}},
	year = {1990},
}

@book{verdorfer_zweierlei_1990,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Zweierlei {Faschismus}. {Alltagserfahrungen} in {Südtirol} 1918-1945: Österreichische {Texte} zur {Gesellschaftskritik}, 47},
	isbn = {3-85115-122-4},
	publisher = {Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {1990},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Fascism},
}

@phdthesis{wieser_nationalsozialistische_1990,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Nationalsozialistische {Mädchenerziehung} in der {Reichsschule} für {Volksdeutsche} in {Achern}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Wieser, Priska},
	year = {1990},
}

@phdthesis{wieser_ettore_1990,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Ettore {Tolomei}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Wieser, Otto},
	year = {1990},
}

@article{wanner_historische_1990,
	title = {Historische {Hintergründe} der {Option}},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Bludenzer Geschichtsblätter},
	author = {Wanner, Gerhard},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {3--10},
}

@incollection{vogt_sudtiroler_1990,
	address = {Bregenz},
	title = {Die {Südtiroler} {Siedlungen} in {Vorarlberg}},
	booktitle = {Südtiroler {Optanten} {Vorarlberg}. {Begleitheft} zur {Ausstellung} {Option} {Heimat} {Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols} - {Vom} {Gehen} und vom {Bleiben}. {Ausstellung} des {Tiroler} {Geschichtsvereins}, übernommen vom {Vorarlberger} {Landesmuseum}, {Bregenz}, 31.3.-13.5.1990},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Vorarlberger Landesmuseum},
	author = {Vogt, Fritz},
	editor = {Swozilek, Helmut and {Vorarlberger Landesmuseum}},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {13--14},
}

@article{stadlmayer_option_1990,
	title = {Die {Option}. {Eine} {Auseinandersetzung} mit neuerer {Literatur} über die {Geschichte} der {Südtiroler} {Umsiedlung}},
	volume = {12/13},
	author = {Stadlmayer, Viktoria},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {327--370},
}

@article{alexander_umsiedlung_1990,
	title = {Die {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler} im {Kreis} {Lienz}. {Teil} 1},
	volume = {58},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Osttiroler Heimatblätter. Heimatkundliche Beilage des {\textbackslash}textquotedblOsttiroler Bote{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {1--3},
}

@article{alexander_umsiedlung_1990-1,
	title = {Die {Umsiedlung} der {Südtiroler} im {Kreis} {Lienz}. {Teil} 2},
	volume = {58},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Osttiroler Heimatblätter. Heimatkundliche Beilage des {\textbackslash}textquotedblOsttiroler Bote{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {1--3},
}

@book{ausserdorfer_zwischen_1990,
	address = {St. Lorenzen},
	title = {Zwischen {Liktorenbündel} und {Hakenkreuz}. {Eine} {Dokumentation} über {Faschismus}, {Option} und {Umsiedlung} mit {Schwerpunkt} {St}. {Lorenzen}},
	author = {Ausserdorfer, Peter},
	year = {1990},
}

@book{bundschuh_bestandsaufnahme_1990,
	address = {Bregenz},
	title = {Bestandsaufnahme: {Heimat} {Dornbirn} 1850-1950: {Studien} zur {Geschichte} und {Gesellschaft} {Vorarlbergs}, 8},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Vorarlberger Autoren Gesellschaft},
	author = {Bundschuh, Werner},
	year = {1990},
}

@book{baldini_heimat_1990,
	address = {Merano},
	title = {Heimat e patria. {Opzioni} allo specchio: {Quaderni} del {Matteotti}, 7},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Circolo culturale Giacomo Matteotti},
	author = {Baldini, Enrico},
	year = {1990},
}

@article{greber_textquotedblsie_1990,
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblSie} sollen uns willkommen sein{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Die} {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} in {Vorarlberg}},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Bludenzer Geschichtsblätter},
	author = {Greber, Gebhard},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {11--64},
}

@article{greber_heiligenbilder_1990,
	title = {Heiligenbilder statt {Führerbilder}. {Zur} {Ansiedlung} von {Südtiroler} {Optanten} in {Dornbirn}},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Dornbirner Schriften. Beiträge zur Stadtkunde},
	author = {Greber, Gebhard},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {108--122},
}

@incollection{greber_heimat_1990,
	address = {Bregenz},
	title = {"{Die} {Heimat} gehörte halt denen, die was haben." {Die} {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} in {Vorarlberg}},
	booktitle = {Südtiroler {Optanten} {Vorarlberg}. {Begleitheft} zur {Ausstellung} {Option} {Heimat} {Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols} - {Vom} {Gehen} und vom {Bleiben}. {Ausstellung} des {Tiroler} {Geschichtsvereins}, übernommen vom {Vorarlberger} {Landesmuseum}, {Bregenz}, 31.3.-13.5.1990},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Vorarlberger Landesmuseum},
	author = {Greber, Gebhard},
	editor = {Swozilek, Helmut and {Vorarlberger Landesmuseum}},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {3--12},
}

@article{fasmann_einwanderungsland_1990,
	title = {Einwanderungsland Österreich?},
	issn = {0259-0883},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/23026708},
	abstract = {Both immigration and emigration have a long tradition in Austria. In the 19th and early 20th century several hundredthousand Czechs, Slovaks, Poles and Jews migrated to the industrial agglomerations of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. At the same time many Austro-Hungarians migrated overseas. Since 1945 Austria was confronted with different types of mass migration. The first to come were refugees and displaced persons. Since 1965 foreign labour has been recruited from Yugoslavia and Turkey. Most recently there has been a dominance of immigrants and refugees from Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Since 1945 2.6 million people have come to Austria as evacuees, refugees, or transmigrants. 550.000 of them were in transit only. Almost 1.4 million stayed for several months or years but migrated later to a third country or returned home. Nevertheless some 650.000 refugees — almost 10\% of the Austrian population — settled permanently in Austria. 350.000 of them had a non-German ethnic background. In addition 400.000 out of one million foreign labourers (and their families) working for some time in Austria have remained. On the other hand about 400.000 Austrians are living abroad. Another 70.000 international commuters are living in Austria and working in neighbouring countries. The article describes the discrepancy between the demographic history of Austria as a country of immigration and the prevailing collective consciousness defining mass migration as historical exception. The authors conclude: What the country needs is a coherent and transparent migration policy.},
	urldate = {2022-05-31},
	journal = {Demographische Informationen},
	author = {Faßmann, Heinz and Münz, Rainer},
	year = {1990},
	note = {Publisher: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press},
	pages = {85--91},
}

Both immigration and emigration have a long tradition in Austria. In the 19th and early 20th century several hundredthousand Czechs, Slovaks, Poles and Jews migrated to the industrial agglomerations of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. At the same time many Austro-Hungarians migrated overseas. Since 1945 Austria was confronted with different types of mass migration. The first to come were refugees and displaced persons. Since 1965 foreign labour has been recruited from Yugoslavia and Turkey. Most recently there has been a dominance of immigrants and refugees from Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Since 1945 2.6 million people have come to Austria as evacuees, refugees, or transmigrants. 550.000 of them were in transit only. Almost 1.4 million stayed for several months or years but migrated later to a third country or returned home. Nevertheless some 650.000 refugees — almost 10% of the Austrian population — settled permanently in Austria. 350.000 of them had a non-German ethnic background. In addition 400.000 out of one million foreign labourers (and their families) working for some time in Austria have remained. On the other hand about 400.000 Austrians are living abroad. Another 70.000 international commuters are living in Austria and working in neighbouring countries. The article describes the discrepancy between the demographic history of Austria as a country of immigration and the prevailing collective consciousness defining mass migration as historical exception. The authors conclude: What the country needs is a coherent and transparent migration policy.

@incollection{pichler_dableiber_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Dableiber und {Dagebliebene}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Pichler, Walter and Romeo, Carlo and Rösch, Paul and Verdorfer, Martha},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {256--303},
}

@incollection{petersen_deutschland_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Deutschland, {Italien} und {Südtirol} 1938-1940},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Petersen, Jens},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {127--150},
}

@incollection{regele_textquotedbleindeutig_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblEindeutig} rein deutsch{\textbackslash}textquotedbl? {Die} {Kommission} zur {Erfassung} der {Kulturgüter}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Regele, Ludwig Walther},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {265--274},
}

@phdthesis{rieder_silvio_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Silvio {Flor} : eine {Fallstudie} zur {Problematik} {Arbeiterbewegung} und nationale {Frage} und ein biographischer {Beitrag} zur {Geschichte} der {Südtiroler} {Arbeiterbewegung}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Rieder, Klara},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{mock_option_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Die {Option}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Mock, Hubert and Pichler, Walter and Verdorfer, Martha and Zendron, Alessandra},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {136--179},
}

@book{mittelschule_schlanders_option_1989,
	address = {Schlanders},
	title = {Option 1939},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag},
	author = {{Mittelschule Schlanders}},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{mezzalira_option_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die {Option} in der italienischen {Geschichtsschreibung}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Mezzalira, Giorgio},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {385--402},
}

@incollection{messner_ich_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Ich bin {Südtiroler}},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Messner, Reinhold},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {221--225},
}

@incollection{messner_heimat_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Heimat},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Messner, Reinhold},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {165--172},
}

@incollection{messner_funfzig_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Fünfzig {Jahre} sind vergangen},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Messner, Reinhold},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {7--14},
}

@book{messner_option_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	publisher = {Piper},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{pallaver_englands_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Englands {Angebot} der {Selbstbestimmung}: {Südtirols} demokratische {Alternative} zwischen {Hakenkreuz} und {Liktorenbündel}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {151--177},
}

@incollection{palla_option_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Die {Option} der {Ladiner}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Palla, Luciana and Demetz, Karin},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {182--190},
}

@phdthesis{verdorfer_faschismuserfahrungen_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Faschismuserfahrungen in {Südtirol} : die {Geschichte} {Südtirols} 1918 - 1945 aus der {Perspektive} erzählter {Erinnerungen}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{stuhlpfarrer_defekte_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die defekte {Umsiedlung}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Stuhlpfarrer, Karl},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {275--297},
}

@incollection{verdorfer_textquotedbljetzt_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblJetzt} kommen wir mindestens von den {Walschen} weg.{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Erzählte} {Erinnerungen}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Verdorfer, Martha},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {299--313},
}

@incollection{zendron_option_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Die {Option} aus italienischer {Sicht}},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Zendron, Alessandra},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {173--191},
}

@incollection{weis_sudtirolpolitik_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die {Südtirolpolitik} in der {Ersten} {Republik}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Weiß, Klaus},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {51--70},
}

@incollection{villgrater_textquotedblkatakombenschuletextquotedbl_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die {\textbackslash}{textquotedblKatakombenschule}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl: {Symbol} des {Südtiroler} {Widerstandes}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Villgrater, Maria},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {85--105},
}

@book{solderer_gell_1989,
	address = {Bozen and Raingasse 3},
	title = {Gell, hinter den {Bergen} ist {Deutschland}: {FF}-{Serie} über die {Option} ; [{Sonderdruck} zu {FF}-{Südtiroler} {Illustrierte} 26/89]},
	publisher = {G. Solderer},
	editor = {Solderer, Gottfried},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{scroccaro_textquotedbltiroler_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblTiroler} sind wir und {Tiroler} wollen wir bleiben!{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Die} {Ladiner}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Scroccaro, Mauro},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {39--41},
}

@incollection{schober_friedenskonferenz_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die {Friedenskonferenz} von {St}. {Germain} und die {Teilung} {Tirols}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Schober, Richard},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {33--50},
}

@incollection{steurer_option_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Option und {Umsiedlung} in {Südtirol}: {Hintergründe} - {Akteure} - {Verlauf}},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {15--114},
}

@incollection{steurer_meinungen_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Meinungen und {Urteile} zur {Option} damals und heute},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {245--253},
}

@incollection{steurer_beiden_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Die beiden letzten {Kriegsjahre}},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {229--244},
}

@incollection{steurer_optionsverlauf_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Der {Optionsverlauf} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {209--225},
}

@incollection{steininger_option_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die {Option} - {Anmerkungen} zu einem schwierigen {Thema}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Steininger, Rolf},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {9--31},
}

@incollection{erhard_option_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Option {Heimat} - {Geschichten} und {Fiktionen}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Erhard, Benedikt and Seyr, Hugo},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {3--5},
}

@book{erhard_optionheimatopzioni_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
}

@book{eisterer_option_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	volume = {5},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{eisterer_textquotedblhinaus_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblHinaus} oder hinunter!{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Die} sizilianische {Legende}: eine taktische {Meisterleistung} der {Deutschen}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {179--207},
}

@article{eisterer_option_1989-1,
	title = {Die {Option}. {Zu} {Viktoria} {Stadlmayers} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblAuseinandersetzung} mit neuerer {Literatur} über die {Geschichte} der {Südtiroler} {Umsiedlung}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, {Anmerkungen}. {Noch} einmal: die {Urheberschaft} der {\textbackslash}{textquotedblSizilianischen} {Legende}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl},
	volume = {53},
	journal = {Innsbrucker Historische Studien},
	author = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {135--152},
}

@article{eisterer_achsenmachte_1989,
	title = {Die {Achsenmächte} wollen ihre {Einheit} durch nichts stören lassen{\textbackslash}textquotedbl. {Die} {Südtiroler} {Option} 1939 im {Spiegel} der französischen und eidgenössischen {Diplomatie}},
	volume = {53},
	journal = {Tiroler Heimat},
	author = {Eisterer, Klaus},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {135--152},
}

@incollection{framke_ettore_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Ettore {Tolomei} - {\textbackslash}{textquotedblTotengräber} {Südtirols}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl oder {\textbackslash}textquotedblpatriotischer {Märtyrer}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl?},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Framke, Gisela},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {71--84},
}

@incollection{alexander_lange_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Der lange {Weg}},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {192--255},
}

@incollection{alexander_ganze_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {"{Der} ganze {Tiroler} {Stamm} in einem {Reich}". {Option} und {Umsiedlung} im {Spiegel} der {Innsbrucker} {Nachrichten}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Alexander, Helmut},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {341--363},
}

@incollection{gehler_versteckter_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Versteckter {\textbackslash}{textquotedblGrenzlandkampf}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl um {Südtirol}? {Die} {Umsiedlung} aus der {Sicht} des {Gaus} {Tirol}-{Vorarlberg}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Gehler, Michael},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {315--340},
}

@incollection{conrad_vorbereitung_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Vorbereitung auf {Deutschland}: {Die} {Sprachkurse} für {Optantenkinder} als {Beginn} nationalsozialistischer {Erziehung}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Conrad, Claus},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {107--126},
}

@incollection{conrad_denn_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {"{Denn} heute steht {Deutschland} am {Brenner}!"},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Conrad, Claus},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {108--135},
}

@phdthesis{bonfa_opzioni_1989,
	address = {Feltre},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Le opzioni per il {Reich} nella {Valcanale}},
	school = {Università di lingue e comunicazione IULM},
	author = {Bonfà, Roberta},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{langer_option_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Die {Option} geht weiter},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Langer, Alexander},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {211--219},
}

@book{kirchler_option_1989,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die {Option}. {Unterrichtseinheit} für die {Oberschule}},
	publisher = {Verlagsanstalt Athesia},
	author = {Kirchler, Gebhard and Tasser, Rudolf},
	year = {1989},
}

@book{kirchler_option_1989-1,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Die {Option}: {Unterrichtseinheit} für die {Oberschule}},
	isbn = {978-88-7014-553-3},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Kirchler, Gebhard and Tasser, Rudolf},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{kiem_entheimatung_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Entheimatung},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Kiem, Othmar and Mock, Hubert and Zendron, Alessandra},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {42--107},
}

@incollection{lechner_heimat_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {"{Die} {Heimat} ruft"},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {304--339},
}

@incollection{marseiler_gehen_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Gehen oder bleiben? {Im} {Gespräch} mit {Zeitzeugen}},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Marseiler, Sebastian},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {115--163},
}

@incollection{lechner_ruckoption_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Rückoption und {Rücksiedlung} nach {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {365--384},
}

@book{hosp_hitler_1989,
	address = {München},
	series = {Bayern - {Land} und {Leute}},
	title = {Hitler verkauft {Südtirol}: {Die} {Option} von 1939 in {Erinnerung} und {Auseinandersetzung}},
	publisher = {Bayer. Rundfunk},
	author = {Hosp, Inga},
	year = {1989},
}

@phdthesis{holzer_sudtiroler_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Südtiroler} {Volkspartei}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Holzer, Anton},
	year = {1989},
}

@book{gruppo_di_studio_isarcus_opzioni_1989,
	address = {Bolzano},
	title = {Opzioni 1939-1989: [{Pubblicazioni} del {Centro} di {Studi} {Atesini}], {VI} - {Collana} {\textbackslash}{textquotedblSpunti} e note{\textbackslash}textquotedbl, 8},
	publisher = {[Selbstverlag] Centro di Studi Atesini},
	author = {{Gruppo di Studio Isarcus}},
	year = {1989},
}

@incollection{gruber_faschismus_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {Faschismus und {Option} in {Südtirol}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Gruber, Alfons},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {227--238},
}

@article{greber_textquotedblwillkommen_1989,
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblWillkommen} im {Gau}!{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Die} {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} in {Vorarlberg}},
	volume = {4},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Kultur. Zeitschrift für Kultur und Gesellschaft},
	author = {Greber, Gebhard},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {8--12},
}

@article{gelmi_warum_1989,
	title = {Warum hat {Geisler} 1940 für {Deutschland} optiert?},
	volume = {63},
	number = {7-8},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {372--381},
}

@incollection{gelmi_hirtenlose_1989,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}},
	title = {"{Die} hirtenlose {Herde}"- {Kirche} und {Option}},
	isbn = {3-85218-059-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. {Südtirol} zwischen {Faschismus} und {Nationalsozialismus}},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Gelmi, Josef},
	editor = {Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {239--263},
}

@incollection{hartungen_umbruche_1989,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Umbrüche},
	isbn = {3-215-07477-X},
	booktitle = {Option–{Heimat}–{Opzioni}. {Eine} {Geschichte} {Südtirols}/{Una} storia dell'{Alto} {Adige}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Hartungen, Christoph von and Kiem, Othmar and Zendron, Alessandra},
	editor = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Nationalism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War},
	pages = {6--37},
}

@incollection{zoderer_wir_1989,
	address = {München-Zürich},
	title = {Wir gingen},
	isbn = {3-492-03290-7},
	booktitle = {Die {Option}. 1939 stimmten 86 \% der {Südtiroler} für das {Aufgeben} ihrer {Heimat}. {Warum}? {Ein} {Lehrstück} in {Zeitgeschichte}},
	publisher = {Piper},
	author = {Zoderer, Joseph},
	editor = {Messner, Reinhold},
	year = {1989},
	keywords = {Politics and government, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
	pages = {193--210},
}

@article{harrell-bond_repatriation_1989,
	title = {Repatriation: {Under} {What} {Conditions} {Is} {It} the {Most} {Desirable} {Solution} for {Refugees}? {An} {Agenda} for {Research}},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0002-0206},
	shorttitle = {Repatriation},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/524493},
	doi = {10.2307/524493},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-23},
	journal = {African Studies Review},
	author = {Harrell-Bond, Barbara E.},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	pages = {41--69},
}

@article{noauthor_irrweg_1988,
	title = {Ein {Irrweg} der {Enttäuschungen}. {Das} {Schicksal} einer {Umsiedlerfamilie} aus den {Erinnerungen} der {Marianne} {Jennewein}},
	number = {33},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {6--10},
}

@phdthesis{piccolruaz_abrisse_1988,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Hausarbeit},
	title = {Abrisse aus meinem {Leben} als {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Piccolruaz, Anton},
	year = {1988},
}

@book{parteli_geschichte_1988,
	address = {Bozen and Innsbruck-Wien},
	title = {Geschichte des {Landes} {Tirol}, 4/{I}: {Südtirol} (1918 bis 1970)},
	publisher = {Verlagsanstalt Athesia, Tyrolia-Verlag},
	author = {Parteli, Othmar},
	year = {1988},
}

@book{parteli_geschichte_1988-1,
	address = {Bozen},
	series = {Geschichte des {Landes} {Tirol}},
	title = {Geschichte des {Landes} {Tirol}: {Südtirol} (1918 bis 1970)},
	volume = {4/I},
	isbn = {978-88-7014-473-4},
	publisher = {Athesia},
	author = {Parteli, Othmar},
	year = {1988},
}

@book{rossi_dalle_1988,
	address = {Merano},
	title = {Dalle opzioni alla liberazione: {Quaderni} del {Matteotti}, 6},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Circolo culturale Giacomo Matteotti},
	author = {Rossi, Andrea and Baldini, Enrico and Fry, James C.},
	year = {1988},
}

@phdthesis{santin_geschichte_1988,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Geschichte} des {Alpenvereins} {Südtirol} ({AVS}) 1945 - 1988: ein {Beitrag} zur {Vereinsgeschichte} {Südtirols}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Santin, Oswald},
	year = {1988},
}

@incollection{pallaver_textquotedblihr_1988,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}, 3},
	title = {{\textbackslash}{textquotedblIhr} {Deutsche}, gebt uns {Brüdern} {Raum} / {Da} wir nach {Norden} schreiten.{\textbackslash}textquotedbl {Eine} großdeutsche {Lösung} für {Südtirol}?},
	booktitle = {Tirol und der {Anschluß}. {Voraussetzungen}, {Entwicklungen}, {Rahmenbedingungen} 1918-1938},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	author = {Pallaver, Günther},
	editor = {Albrich, Thomas and Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1988},
	keywords = {20th century, History, Politics and government, National socialism, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, Territorial questions, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), World War, Fascism},
	pages = {221--269},
}

@phdthesis{oelsen_optionsfrage_1988,
	address = {Konstanz},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Optionsfrage} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Konstanz},
	author = {Oelsen, Ursula},
	year = {1988},
}

@phdthesis{volgger_sudtirol_1988,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Südtirol 1939-1945. {Option}-{Umsiedlung}, {Widerstand} gegen den {Nationalsozialismus}, {Judenverfolgung} und {Euthanasieprogramm} im {Spiegel} der deutschsprachigen {Presse} {Südtirols} (1970–1986)},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Volgger, Manfred},
	year = {1988},
}

@article{erhard_50_1988,
	title = {50 {Jahre} {Option} der {Südtiroler} 1939–1989. {Ein} {Projekt} des {Tiroler} {Landesinstituts} zum {Schicksal} der {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} und eine {Ausstellung} des {Tiroler} {Geschichtsvereins}},
	number = {33},
	journal = {Tiroler Chronist},
	author = {Erhard, Benedikt},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {2--5},
}

@book{garlato_quel_1988,
	address = {Torino},
	title = {Quel giugno del trentanove},
	isbn = {88-397-0531-7},
	publisher = {Nuova eri edizioni rai},
	author = {Garlato, Francesco},
	year = {1988},
}

@book{corsini_sudtirol_1988,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Südtirol 1918-1946},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Autonome Provinz Bozen - Südtirol},
	author = {Corsini, Umberto and Lill, Rudolf},
	year = {1988},
}

@book{albrich_tirol_1988,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	series = {Innsbrucker {Forschungen} zur {Zeitgeschichte}, 3},
	title = {Tirol und der {Anschluß}. {Voraussetzungen}, {Entwicklungen}, {Rahmenbedingungen} 1918-1938},
	publisher = {Haymon Verlag},
	editor = {Albrich, Thomas and Eisterer, Klaus and Steininger, Rolf},
	year = {1988},
}

@phdthesis{calza_migrazioni_1988,
	address = {Verona},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Le migrazioni coatte. {Opzioni} nell'{Alto} {Adige} 1939},
	school = {Università degli Studi di Verona},
	author = {Calzà, Alexandra},
	year = {1988},
}

@phdthesis{lechner_revision_1988,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Revision der {Optionen} und {Rücksiedlung} nach {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Lechner, Stefan},
	year = {1988},
}

@phdthesis{obwexer_sudtiroler_1987,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Südtiroler} {Optantenschule} in {Rufach}. {Nationalsozialistischer} {Erziehungsalltag} in der {Reichsschule} für {Volksdeutsche} und {Nationalpolitischen} {Erziehungsanstalt} {Rufach} (1940–44)},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Obwexer, Wolfgang},
	year = {1987},
}

@phdthesis{sulzenbacher_laientheater_1987,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Das {Laientheater} in {Südtirol} von 1945 - 1970 am {Beispiel} des {Unterlandes}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Sulzenbacher, Bernadette},
	year = {1987},
}

@phdthesis{videsott_sudtirolfrage_1987,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Hausarbeit},
	title = {Die {Südtirolfrage} aus der {Sicht} italienischer {Historiker} und {Publizisten} 1945 - 1956},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Videsott, Albert},
	year = {1987},
}

@book{framke_im_1987,
	address = {Tübingen},
	title = {Im {Kampf} um {Südtirol}. {Ettore} {Tolomei} (1865-1952) und das {\textbackslash}{textquotedblArchivio} per l'{Alto} {Adige}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl: {Bibliothek} des {Deutschen} {Historischen} {Instituts} in {Rom}, 67},
	publisher = {Max Niemeyer Verlag},
	author = {Framke, Gisela},
	year = {1987},
}

@phdthesis{fischer_sudtirol_1987,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Südtirol. {Vom} {Ende} des {Ersten} {Weltkrieges} bis zu den {Umsiedlungsverhandlungen} von 1939},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Fischer, Herta},
	year = {1987},
}

@book{agostini_quaranta_1987,
	address = {Torino},
	title = {Quaranta anni tra {Roma} e {Vienna}},
	isbn = {978-88-397-0461-0},
	publisher = {ERI},
	author = {Agostini, Piero and Zendron, Alessandra},
	year = {1987},
}

@book{rubatscher_option_1986,
	address = {Calliano},
	title = {Die {Option} 1939 in {Südtirol}. {Ein} {Zeugnis} zur {Geschichte}},
	isbn = {88-7024-197-1},
	publisher = {Manfrini Editori},
	author = {Rubatscher, Maria Veronika},
	year = {1986},
}

@book{mittermaier_sudtirol_1986,
	address = {Wien},
	title = {Südtirol. {Geschichte}, {Politik} und {Gesellschaft}},
	publisher = {Österreichischer Bundesverlag},
	author = {Mittermaier, Karl},
	year = {1986},
}

@phdthesis{unterkircher_stellung_1986,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Stellung} der {Kirche} zur {Option} in den {Jahren} 1939-1940},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Unterkircher, Maria Theresia},
	year = {1986},
}

@book{staffler_geschichte_1986,
	address = {Lana},
	edition = {3. Aufl. (1. Aufl. 1985)},
	title = {Geschichte {Südtirols}. {Das} 20. {Jahrhundert}: {Materialien}, {Hintergründe}, {Quellen}, {Dokumente}},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag Jugendkollektiv Lana},
	author = {Staffler, Reinhold and Hartungen, Christoph von},
	year = {1986},
}

@phdthesis{dorner_schule_1986,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Schule im {Faschismus} in {Südtirol} : aus der {Erinnerung} älterer {Mitbürger}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Dorner, Gerlinde},
	year = {1986},
}

@book{acherer__1986,
	address = {Brixen},
	title = {... {Mit} seinem schweren {Leid} ... {Jugendbekenntnis} eines {Südtirolers}},
	publisher = {Eigenverlag},
	author = {Acherer, Willy},
	year = {1986},
}

@book{sailer_schule_1985,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Schule im {Krieg}. {Deutscher} {Unterricht} in {Südtirol} 1940-1945: {Schriftenreihe} des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 12},
	publisher = {Verlagsanstalt Athesia},
	author = {Sailer, Oswald},
	year = {1985},
}

@book{stuhlpfarrer_umsiedlung_1985,
	address = {Wien-München},
	title = {Umsiedlung {Südtirol} 1939-1940, 2 {Bde}},
	isbn = {3-85409-073-0},
	publisher = {Löcker Verlag},
	author = {Stuhlpfarrer, Karl},
	year = {1985},
	keywords = {Refugees, 1939-1945, Italy Trentino-Alto Adige, World War, Deportations from Italy, Germans, Immigrants, Population transfers},
}

@phdthesis{berger_geschichte_1985,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Geschichte von unten : ein {Dorf} in {Südtirol} in der {Zeit} des {Faschismus} ({Lappach} im {Mühlwaldertal})},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Berger, Isabella},
	year = {1985},
}

@phdthesis{othmerding_sozialistische_1984,
	address = {Hamburg},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Sozialistische {Minderheitenpolitik} am {Beispiel} {Südtirol} von den {Anfängen} des {Konflikts} bis heute},
	school = {Universität Hamburg},
	author = {Othmerding, Heinz-Rudolf},
	year = {1984},
}

@phdthesis{winter_kanaltalval_1984,
	address = {Univ. Wien},
	type = {{PhD} {Thesis}},
	title = {Das {Kanaltal}/{La} {Val} {Canale} bis 1919. {Ein} {Beitrag} zur {Aufarbeitung} der {Geschichte} eines {Alt}-{Kärntner} {Gebietes}},
	author = {Winter, Georg},
	year = {1984},
}

@book{villgrater_katakombenschule_1984,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Katakombenschule. {Faschismus} und {Schule} in {Südtirol}: {Schriftenreihe} des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 11},
	publisher = {Verlagsanstalt Athesia},
	author = {Villgrater, Maria},
	year = {1984},
}

@book{ermacora_sudtirol_1984,
	address = {Wien-München},
	title = {Südtirol und das {Vaterland} Österreich},
	publisher = {Amalthea-Verlag},
	author = {Ermacora, Felix},
	year = {1984},
}

@phdthesis{haas_sudtirolproblem_1984,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Das {Südtirolproblem} in {Nordtirol} : von 1918 - 1938},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Haas, Hildegard},
	year = {1984},
}

@article{noauthor_zugriff_1984,
	title = {Zugriff eingeschränkt},
	url = {https://digital.tessmann.it/tessmannDigital/Zeitungsarchiv/Seite/Zeitung/4/1/09.10.1984/93612/3/filterId-4%0193612%01699607-query-R%C3%BCckoption.html},
	journal = {Dolomiten},
	month = sep,
	year = {1984},
	pages = {3},
}

@phdthesis{pieringer_sudtirolfrage_1982,
	address = {Wien},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Die {Südtirolfrage} im {Lichte} italienischer {Literatur} und {Publizistik} des 20. {Jahrhunderts}},
	school = {Universität Wien},
	author = {Pieringer, Susanne},
	year = {1982},
}

@phdthesis{unterhofer_mussolini_1982,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Hausarbeit},
	title = {Mussolini und {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Unterhofer, Adelheid},
	year = {1982},
}

@phdthesis{villgrater_katakombenschule_1982,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Katakombenschule: {Faschismus} und {Schule} in {Südtirol}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Villgrater, Maria},
	year = {1982},
}

@book{amonn_optionszeit_1982,
	address = {Bozen},
	title = {Die {Optionszeit} erlebt},
	publisher = {Selbstverlag},
	author = {Amonn, Walther},
	year = {1982},
}

@article{hoerder_immigration_1982,
	title = {Immigration and the {Working} {Class}: {The} {Remigration} {Factor}.”},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {01475479},
	language = {English},
	journal = {International Labor and Working-Class History},
	author = {Hoerder, Dirk},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {28--41},
}

@phdthesis{pfattner_sudtirol_1981,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Hausarbeit},
	title = {Südtirol 1918 bis 1945},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Pfattner, Franz},
	year = {1981},
}

@phdthesis{ottl_entwicklung_1981,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Diplomarbeit},
	title = {Die {Entwicklung} der politischen {Parteien} in {Südtirol} seit 1918},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Öttl, Brigitte},
	year = {1981},
}

@phdthesis{kienpointner-villgrater_deutsche_1981,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Dissertation},
	title = {Die deutsche {Notschule} in {Südtirol} während des {Faschismus}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Kienpointner-Villgrater, Maria},
	year = {1981},
}

@article{heinricher_rom_1981,
	title = {Rom gegen {Südtirol} 1939. {Ein} {Beitrag} zur {Geschichte} der {Umsiedlung}},
	volume = {45},
	journal = {Tiroler Heimat},
	author = {Heinricher, Kurt},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {119--147},
}

@article{sarna_myth_1981,
	title = {The {Myth} of {No} {Return}: {Jewish} {Return} {Migration} to {Eastern} {Europe}, 1881–1914},
	volume = {71},
	issn = {01640178},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {American Jewish History},
	author = {Sarna, Jonathan D.},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {256--268},
}

@book{steurer_sudtirol_1980,
	address = {Wien-München-Zürich},
	title = {Südtirol zwischen {Rom} und {Berlin} 1919-1939},
	isbn = {3-203-50739-0},
	publisher = {Europa Verlag},
	author = {Steurer, Leopold},
	year = {1980},
	keywords = {History, Italy, Germany, Foreign relations, Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy)},
}

@book{fohn_sudtirol_1980,
	title = {Südtirol 1939-45: {Option}, {Umsiedlung}, {Widerstand}},
	abstract = {rechts bei Links auf auf Volltext H. 1.1978 - 11.1981 gehen. Ganzes Heft ist eingescannt und online},
	number = {6/7},
	editor = {{Föhn}},
	year = {1980},
	keywords = {(DE-588)4020588-5, (DE-588)4060207-2, (DE-588)4125698-0, Gesellschaft, Kultur, Kulturphilosophie, Land Tirol, Sein, Tirol, Tiroler, Zeitschrift, Zivilisation},
}

rechts bei Links auf auf Volltext H. 1.1978 - 11.1981 gehen. Ganzes Heft ist eingescannt und online

@article{gmelch_return_1980,
	title = {Return {Migration}},
	volume = {9},
	url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2155732},
	doi = {10.2307/2155732},
	language = {Englisch},
	journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
	author = {Gmelch, George},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {135--159},
}

@article{moltmann_american-german_1980,
	title = {American-{German} {Return} {Migration} in the {Nineteenth} and {Early} {Twentieth} {Centuries}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {00089389, 15691616},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4545909},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Central European History},
	author = {Moltmann, Günter},
	year = {1980},
	pages = {378--392},
}

@article{regele_deutsch-italienische_1979,
	title = {Der deutsch-italienische {Umsiedlungsvertrag} ({\textbackslash}{textquotedblBerliner} {Abkommen}{\textbackslash}textquotedbl)},
	volume = {53},
	journal = {Der Schlern},
	author = {Regele, Ludwig Walther},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {379--384},
}

@incollection{gatterer_sudtirol_1979,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	title = {Südtirol 1930-45. {Eine} politische {Landschaftsskizze}},
	booktitle = {Keinen {Eid} auf diesen {Führer}. {Josef} {Mayr}-{Nusser}, ein {Zeuge} der {Gewissensfreiheit} in der {NS}-{Zeit}},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verlag},
	author = {Gatterer, Claus},
	editor = {Iblacker, Reinhold},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {34--46},
}

@book{iblacker_keinen_1979,
	address = {Innsbruck-Wien-München},
	title = {Keinen {Eid} auf diesen {Führer}. {Josef} {Mayr}-{Nusser}, ein {Zeuge} der {Gewissensfreiheit} in der {NS}-{Zeit}},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verlag},
	editor = {Iblacker, Reinhold},
	year = {1979},
}

@book{iblacker_keinen_1979-1,
	address = {Innsbruck and Wien and München},
	title = {Keinen {Eid} auf diesen {Führer}: {Josef} {Mayr}-{Nusser}, ein {Zeuge} d. {Gewissensfreiheit} in d. {NS}-{Zeit}},
	isbn = {978-3-7022-1356-5},
	publisher = {Tyrolia-Verl.},
	author = {Iblacker, Reinhold},
	year = {1979},
}

@article{greber_sudtiroler_1979,
	title = {Die {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} in {Vorarlberg}. {Ihre} {Integration} in {Bevölkerung}, {Siedlung} und {Wirtschaft}},
	volume = {31},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Montfort. Vierteljahresschrift für Geschichte und Gegenwart Vorarlbergs},
	author = {Greber, Gebhard},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {259--294},
}

@book{rhoades_anthropology_1979,
	address = {Oklahoma},
	series = {Papers in anthropology},
	title = {The {Anthropology} of return migration},
	number = {20},
	publisher = {Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma},
	editor = {Rhoades, Robert E.},
	year = {1979},
}

@incollection{austin_performative_1979,
	address = {Oxford},
	edition = {3rd ed},
	title = {Performative {Utterances}},
	booktitle = {Philosophical {Papers}},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	author = {Austin, J. L.},
	editor = {Urmson, J. O. and Warnock, G. J.},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {233--252},
}

@phdthesis{stemer_sudtirolproblem_1978,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Hausarbeit},
	title = {Das {Südtirolproblem}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Stemer, Georg Erich},
	year = {1978},
}

@book{gruber_sudtirol_1978,
	address = {Bozen},
	edition = {3., überarb. Aufl. (1. Aufl. 1974)},
	title = {Südtirol unter dem {Faschismus}: {Schriftenreihe} des {Südtiroler} {Kulturinstitutes}, 1},
	isbn = {88-7014-010-5},
	publisher = {Verlagsanstalt Athesia},
	author = {Gruber, Alfons},
	year = {1978},
}

@phdthesis{greber_sudtiroler_1978,
	address = {Innsbruck},
	type = {Hausarbeit},
	title = {Die {Südtiroler} {Umsiedler} in {Vorarlberg}. {Ihre} {Integration} in {Bevölkerung}, {Siedlung} und {Wirtschaft}},
	school = {Universität Innsbruck},
	author = {Greber, Gebhard},
	year = {1978},
}