Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{adams_beyond_2019,
	title = {Beyond {Biodiversity}: {Can} {Environmental} {DNA} ({eDNA}) {Cut} {It} as a {Population} {Genetics} {Tool}?},
	volume = {10},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	shorttitle = {Beyond {Biodiversity}},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/10/3/192},
	doi = {10.3390/genes10030192},
	abstract = {Population genetic data underpin many studies of behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary processes in wild populations and contribute to effective conservation management. However, collecting genetic samples can be challenging when working with endangered, invasive, or cryptic species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a way to sample genetic material non-invasively without requiring visual observation. While eDNA has been trialed extensively as a biodiversity and biosecurity monitoring tool with a strong taxonomic focus, it has yet to be fully explored as a means for obtaining population genetic information. Here, we review current research that employs eDNA approaches for the study of populations. We outline challenges facing eDNA-based population genetic methodologies, and suggest avenues of research for future developments. We advocate that with further optimizations, this emergent field holds great potential as part of the population genetics toolkit.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2019-03-08TZ},
	journal = {Genes},
	author = {Adams, Clare I. M. and Knapp, Michael and Gemmell, Neil J. and Jeunen, Gert-Jan and Bunce, Michael and Lamare, Miles D. and Taylor, Helen R.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {biodiversity, conservation, eDNA, genetics, mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA, populations, sampling methodology},
	pages = {192}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dornelas_biotime:_2018,
	title = {{BioTIME}: {A} database of biodiversity time series for the {Anthropocene}},
	volume = {27},
	copyright = {© 2018 The Authors.           Global Ecology and Biogeography Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd},
	issn = {1466-8238},
	shorttitle = {{BioTIME}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/geb.12729},
	doi = {10.1111/geb.12729},
	abstract = {Motivation The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record. Spatial location and grain BioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2). Time period and grain BioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year. Major taxa and level of measurement BioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates. Software format .csv and .SQL.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2018-11-06TZ},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
	author = {Dornelas, Maria and Antão, Laura H. and Moyes, Faye and Bates, Amanda E. and Magurran, Anne E. and Adam, Dušan and Akhmetzhanova, Asem A. and Appeltans, Ward and Arcos, José Manuel and Arnold, Haley and Ayyappan, Narayanan and Badihi, Gal and Baird, Andrew H. and Barbosa, Miguel and Barreto, Tiago Egydio and Bässler, Claus and Bellgrove, Alecia and Belmaker, Jonathan and Benedetti‐Cecchi, Lisandro and Bett, Brian J. and Bjorkman, Anne D. and Błażewicz, Magdalena and Blowes, Shane A. and Bloch, Christopher P. and Bonebrake, Timothy C. and Boyd, Susan and Bradford, Matt and Brooks, Andrew J. and Brown, James H. and Bruelheide, Helge and Budy, Phaedra and Carvalho, Fernando and Castañeda‐Moya, Edward and Chen, Chaolun Allen and Chamblee, John F. and Chase, Tory J. and Collier, Laura Siegwart and Collinge, Sharon K. and Condit, Richard and Cooper, Elisabeth J. and Cornelissen, J. Hans C. and Cotano, Unai and Crow, Shannan Kyle and Damasceno, Gabriella and Davies, Claire H. and Davis, Robert A. and Day, Frank P. and Degraer, Steven and Doherty, Tim S. and Dunn, Timothy E. and Durigan, Giselda and Duffy, J. Emmett and Edelist, Dor and Edgar, Graham J. and Elahi, Robin and Elmendorf, Sarah C. and Enemar, Anders and Ernest, S. K. Morgan and Escribano, Rubén and Estiarte, Marc and Evans, Brian S. and Fan, Tung-Yung and Farah, Fabiano Turini and Fernandes, Luiz Loureiro and Farneda, Fábio Z. and Fidelis, Alessandra and Fitt, Robert and Fosaa, Anna Maria and Franco, Geraldo Antonio Daher Correa and Frank, Grace E. and Fraser, William R. and García, Hernando and Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla and Givan, Or and Gorgone‐Barbosa, Elizabeth and Gould, William A. and Gries, Corinna and Grossman, Gary D. and Gutierréz, Julio R. and Hale, Stephen and Harmon, Mark E. and Harte, John and Haskins, Gary and Henshaw, Donald L. and Hermanutz, Luise and Hidalgo, Pamela and Higuchi, Pedro and Hoey, Andrew and Hoey, Gert Van and Hofgaard, Annika and Holeck, Kristen and Hollister, Robert D. and Holmes, Richard and Hoogenboom, Mia and Hsieh, Chih-hao and Hubbell, Stephen P. and Huettmann, Falk and Huffard, Christine L. and Hurlbert, Allen H. and Ivanauskas, Natália Macedo and Janík, David and Jandt, Ute and Jażdżewska, Anna and Johannessen, Tore and Johnstone, Jill and Jones, Julia and Jones, Faith A. M. and Kang, Jungwon and Kartawijaya, Tasrif and Keeley, Erin C. and Kelt, Douglas A. and Kinnear, Rebecca and Klanderud, Kari and Knutsen, Halvor and Koenig, Christopher C. and Kortz, Alessandra R. and Král, Kamil and Kuhnz, Linda A. and Kuo, Chao-Yang and Kushner, David J. and Laguionie‐Marchais, Claire and Lancaster, Lesley T. and Lee, Cheol Min and Lefcheck, Jonathan S. and Lévesque, Esther and Lightfoot, David and Lloret, Francisco and Lloyd, John D. and López‐Baucells, Adrià and Louzao, Maite and Madin, Joshua S. and Magnússon, Borgþór and Malamud, Shahar and Matthews, Iain and McFarland, Kent P. and McGill, Brian and McKnight, Diane and McLarney, William O. and Meador, Jason and Meserve, Peter L. and Metcalfe, Daniel J. and Meyer, Christoph F. J. and Michelsen, Anders and Milchakova, Nataliya and Moens, Tom and Moland, Even and Moore, Jon and Moreira, Carolina Mathias and Müller, Jörg and Murphy, Grace and Myers‐Smith, Isla H. and Myster, Randall W. and Naumov, Andrew and Neat, Francis and Nelson, James A. and Nelson, Michael Paul and Newton, Stephen F. and Norden, Natalia and Oliver, Jeffrey C. and Olsen, Esben M. and Onipchenko, Vladimir G. and Pabis, Krzysztof and Pabst, Robert J. and Paquette, Alain and Pardede, Sinta and Paterson, David M. and Pélissier, Raphaël and Peñuelas, Josep and Pérez‐Matus, Alejandro and Pizarro, Oscar and Pomati, Francesco and Post, Eric and Prins, Herbert H. T. and Priscu, John C. and Provoost, Pieter and Prudic, Kathleen L. and Pulliainen, Erkki and Ramesh, B. R. and Ramos, Olivia Mendivil and Rassweiler, Andrew and Rebelo, Jose Eduardo and Reed, Daniel C. and Reich, Peter B. and Remillard, Suzanne M. and Richardson, Anthony J. and Richardson, J. Paul and Rijn, Itai van and Rocha, Ricardo and Rivera‐Monroy, Victor H. and Rixen, Christian and Robinson, Kevin P. and Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro and Rossa‐Feres, Denise de Cerqueira and Rudstam, Lars and Ruhl, Henry and Ruz, Catalina S. and Sampaio, Erica M. and Rybicki, Nancy and Rypel, Andrew and Sal, Sofia and Salgado, Beatriz and Santos, Flavio A. M. and Savassi‐Coutinho, Ana Paula and Scanga, Sara and Schmidt, Jochen and Schooley, Robert and Setiawan, Fakhrizal and Shao, Kwang-Tsao and Shaver, Gaius R. and Sherman, Sally and Sherry, Thomas W. and Siciński, Jacek and Sievers, Caya and Silva, Ana Carolina da and Silva, Fernando Rodrigues da and Silveira, Fabio L. and Slingsby, Jasper and Smart, Tracey and Snell, Sara J. and Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A. and Souza, Gabriel B. G. and Souza, Flaviana Maluf and Souza, Vinícius Castro and Stallings, Christopher D. and Stanforth, Rowan and Stanley, Emily H. and Sterza, José Mauro and Stevens, Maarten and Stuart‐Smith, Rick and Suarez, Yzel Rondon and Supp, Sarah and Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio and Tarigan, Sukmaraharja and Thiede, Gary P. and Thorn, Simon and Tolvanen, Anne and Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani and Totland, Ørjan and Twilley, Robert R. and Vaitkus, Gediminas and Valdivia, Nelson and Vallejo, Martha Isabel and Valone, Thomas J. and Colen, Carl Van and Vanaverbeke, Jan and Venturoli, Fabio and Verheye, Hans M. and Vianna, Marcelo and Vieira, Rui P. and Vrška, Tomáš and Vu, Con Quang and Vu, Lien Van and Waide, Robert B. and Waldock, Conor and Watts, Dave and Webb, Sara and Wesołowski, Tomasz and White, Ethan P. and Widdicombe, Claire E. and Wilgers, Dustin and Williams, Richard and Williams, Stefan B. and Williamson, Mark and Willig, Michael R. and Willis, Trevor J. and Wipf, Sonja and Woods, Kerry D. and Woehler, Eric J. and Zawada, Kyle and Zettler, Michael L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {biodiversity, global, spatial, species richness, temporal, turnover},
	pages = {760--786}
}

@article{
 title = {Ecosystem quality in LCIA: status quo, harmonization, and suggestions for the way forward},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Biodiversity,Damage-level,Endpoint,Functions,Harmonization,LCIA,Species,UNEP-SETAC},
 pages = {1995-2006},
 volume = {23},
 publisher = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},
 id = {d0bc4c31-a997-326d-8040-07fe599ea88f},
 created = {2019-01-16T10:57:10.401Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {25bd5b32-29aa-37df-a206-ab5dc511be68},
 group_id = {58cfc3d0-2767-3215-bf08-97ae3cd08b0f},
 last_modified = {2019-01-16T10:57:10.401Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Woods2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {consequential; marginal electricity; insulation; mine_ECCC_elect},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Woods, John S. and Damiani, Mattia and Fantke, Peter and Henderson, Andrew D. and Johnston, John M. and Bare, Jane and Sala, Serenella and Maia de Souza, Danielle and Pfister, Stephan and Posthuma, Leo and Rosenbaum, Ralph K. and Verones, Francesca},
 journal = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},
 number = {10}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{turetsky_losing_2017,
	title = {Losing {Legacies}, {Ecological} {Release}, and {Transient} {Responses}: {Key} {Challenges} for the {Future} of {Northern} {Ecosystem} {Science}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1432-9840},
	shorttitle = {Losing {Legacies}, {Ecological} {Release}, and {Transient} {Responses}: {Key} {Challenges} for the {Future} of {Northern} {Ecosystem} {Science}},
	url = {://WOS:000392317000004},
	doi = {10.1007/s10021-016-0055-2},
	abstract = {Northern ecosystem processes play out across scales that are rare elsewhere on contemporary earth: large ranging predator-prey systems are still operational, invasive species are rare, and large-scale natural disturbances occur extensively. Disturbances in the far north affect huge areas of land and are difficult to control or manage. Historically, disturbance patterns and processes ranging across a number of spatio-temporal scales have played an important role in the resilience of northern ecosystems. However, due to interactions with a warming climate, these disturbances are now erasing key legacies of the last millennia of ecosystem processes. Building on the concepts of legacies and cross-scale interactions, we highlight several general conceptual issues that represent key challenges for the future of northern ecosystem science, but that also have relevance to other biomes.},
	language = {English},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Ecosystems},
	author = {Turetsky, M. R. and Baltzer, J. L. and Johnstone, J. F. and Mack, M. C. and McCann, K. and Schuur, E. A. G.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Environmental Sciences \& Ecology, amplification, arctic, biodiversity, boreal, boreal forest, canada, carbon, consequences, disturbance, diversity, dynamics, niche, pattern, permafrost, recent climate-change, scale, succession, trophic interactions, wildfire},
	pages = {23--30}
}

@article{
 title = {Molecular phylogeny of atractus (Serpentes, dipsadidae), with emphasis on Ecuadorian species and the description of three new taxa},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Atractus,Biodiversity,Ecuador,Groundsnakes,New species,Pacific lowlands,Phylogeny},
 volume = {2017},
 id = {fe5f2285-ab04-3095-b449-e7cc243416cc},
 created = {2017-11-28T04:12:25.650Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {767949ac-04f3-3801-8455-4ac0e0b210a8},
 last_modified = {2017-11-28T04:12:25.650Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© Alejandro Arteaga et al. We present a molecular phylogeny of snake genus Atractus, with an improved taxon sampling that includes 30 of the 140 species currently recognized. The phylogenetic tree supports the existence of at least three new species in the Pacific lowlands and adjacent Andean slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes, which we describe here. A unique combination of molecular, meristic and color pattern characters support the validity of the new species. With the newly acquired data, we propose and define the A. iridescens species group, as well as redefine the A. roulei species group. The species A. iridescens is reported for the first time in Ecuador, whereas A. bocourti and A. medusa are removed from the herpetofauna of this country. We provide the first photographic vouchers of live specimens for A. multicinctus, A. paucidens and A. touzeti, along with photographs of 19 other Ecuadorian Atractus species. The current status of A. occidentalis and A. paucidens is maintained based on the discovery of new material referable to these species. With these changes, the species number reported in Ecuador increases to 27, a number that is likely to increase as material not examined in this work becomes available and included in systematic studies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Arteaga, A. and Mebert, K. and Valencia, J.H. and Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. and Peñafiel, N. and Reyes-Puig, C. and Vieira-Fernandes, J.L. and Guayasamin, J.M.},
 journal = {ZooKeys},
 number = {661}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{nanni_land-use_2017,
	title = {Land-{Use} {Redistribution} {Compensated} for {Ecosystem} {Service} {Losses} {Derived} from {Agriculture} {Expansion}, with {Mixed} {Effects} on {Biodiversity} in a {NW} {Argentina} {Watershed}},
	volume = {8},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/8/8/303},
	doi = {10.3390/f8080303},
	abstract = {Areas of land abandonment and agriculture expansion usually differ in location and associated environmental characteristics; thus, land-use redistribution affects the provision of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. In a subtropical region undergoing land redistribution patterns characteristic of Latin America, we estimated 20-year changes in food production, above-ground carbon stocks and soil erosion due to land cover change, and the potential effects of such redistribution of forests on the diversity of birds and mammals. Between 1986 and 2006, despite only 0.3\% of net forest cover change, 7\% of the total area (ca. 280,000 has) switched between forest and non-forest covers. Food production increased by 46\%, while the estimated ecosystem services changed by less than 10\%. Forest carbon remained stable, with gains in montane humid forests compensating for losses in lowlands. Modeled soil erosion increased, but sediment accumulation at the watershed bottom remained stable. The responses of birds and mammals to forest redistribution differed and were stronger in birds. Due to the strong responses of birds to forest loss, lowland bird communities might be especially threatened by current land-use trends. Results suggest that land redistribution associated with the adjustment of agriculture towards soils suitable for mechanized agriculture can help mitigate associated losses in ecosystem services and biodiversity, but species and supporting services depending on easily-converted ecosystems require appropriate landscape management practices.},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2018-02-25TZ},
	journal = {Forests},
	author = {Nanni, Ana Sofía and Grau, Héctor Ricardo},
	month = aug,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {biodiversity, ecosystem services, forest redistribution, land-use change, topography},
	pages = {303}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marazzi_algal_2017,
	title = {Algal richness and life-history strategies are influenced by hydrology and phosphorus in two major subtropical wetlands},
	volume = {62},
	issn = {0046-5070},
	shorttitle = {Algal richness and life-history strategies are influenced by hydrology and phosphorus in two major subtropical wetlands},
	url = {://WOS:000393793100005},
	doi = {10.1111/fwb.12866},
	abstract = {We explored controls of algal taxon richness (hereafter richness) in complex and hydrologically dynamic flood-pulsed wetlands by comparing results from independent studies in two globally important subtropical wetlands: the Okavango Delta (Botswana) and the Florida Everglades (U.S.A.). In both wetlands, the flood pulse hydrology is regulated by distinct wet and dry seasons, and creates floodplain landscapes with heterogeneous habitats; algal growth is limited by phosphorus (P); and water uses threaten ecosystem function. To inform future comparisons of algal richness and distribution patterns, we assessed the role of hydrology and P as key controls of richness, and identified indicator taxa of desiccation disturbance and P scarcity in these wetlands under increasing hydrological, nutrient, and habitat changes. We used the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, and the species-energy theory to explain algal richness patterns, and the competitive, stress-tolerant, ruderal (CSR) framework to classify indicator taxa. We collected algal samples, environmental data and information expected to influence community structure (water depth, relative depth change, P concentrations, hydroperiod and habitat type) over several years at sites representing a broad range of environmental characteristics. To account for sample size differences, we estimated algal richness by determining the asymptote of taxon accumulation curves. Using multiple regression analysis, we assessed if and how water depth, depth change, P, hydroperiod, and habitat type influence richness within each wetland. We then compared the strength of the relationships between these controlling features and richness between wetlands. Using indicator species analysis on relative abundance data, we classified C, S and R indicator taxa associated with shorter/longer hydroperiod, and lower/higher P concentrations. In either wetland, we did not observe the negative unimodal relationship between site-specific richness and water depth change that was expected following the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. It is possible that this relationship exists at more highly resolved temporal scales than the semi-annual to annual scales hypothesised here. However, as nutrient flows and algal habitats depend on these wetlands' flood pulse, maintaining the Okavango's natural pulse, and increasing freshwater flow in the Everglades would help protect these wetlands' algal diversity. Chlorophyta richness (Okavango), and total, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and cyanobacteria richness (Everglades) increased with higher P concentrations, as per species-energy theory. In the Okavango, we classified 6 C and 49 R indicator taxa (e.g. many planktonic Chlorophyta), and in the Everglades, 15 C, 1 S and 9 R taxa (e.g. benthic Bacillariophyta and planktonic/benthic Chlorophyta), and one stress- and disturbance-tolerant cyanobacterium species. Our results offer baseline information for future comparisons of richness, and abundance of C, S and R indicator taxa in subtropical wetlands; this can be used to quantify how algal communities may respond to potential changes in hydrology and P due to water diversion, anthropogenic nutrient loads, and climate change. Examining microhabitat heterogeneity, nitrogen and light availability, and grazing pressure in such wetlands would further illuminate patch-scale controls of richness and life-history strategy distribution in algal communities.},
	language = {English},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Freshwater Biology},
	author = {Marazzi, L. and Gaiser, E. E. and Jones, V. J. and Tobias, F. A. C. and Mackay, A. W.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {biodiversity, algae, Environmental Sciences \& Ecology, phosphorus, hydrology, water chemistry, florida everglades, species-diversity, climate-change, Marine \& Freshwater Biology, biogeographical notes, diversity relationships, floodplains, intermediate disturbance, okavango desmids zygnematophyceae, phytoplankton communities, subtropical wetlands, temporary},
	pages = {274--290}
}

@article{ceballosBiologicalAnnihilationOngoing2017,
  title = {Biological Annihilation via the Ongoing Sixth Mass Extinction Signaled by Vertebrate Population Losses and Declines},
  author = {Ceballos, Gerardo and Ehrlich, Paul R. and Dirzo, Rodolfo},
  year = {2017},
  month = jul,
  volume = {114},
  pages = {E6089-E6096},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1704949114},
  abstract = {[Significance]

The strong focus on species extinctions, a critical aspect of the contemporary pulse of biological extinction, leads to a common misimpression that Earth's biota is not immediately threatened, just slowly entering an episode of major biodiversity loss. This view overlooks the current trends of population declines and extinctions. Using a sample of 27,600 terrestrial vertebrate species, and a more detailed analysis of 177 mammal species, we show the extremely high degree of population decay in vertebrates, even in common '' species of low concern.'' Dwindling population sizes and range shrinkages amount to a massive anthropogenic erosion of biodiversity and of the ecosystem services essential to civilization. This '' biological annihilation'' underlines the seriousness for humanity of Earth's ongoing sixth mass extinction event.

[Abstract]

The population extinction pulse we describe here shows, from a quantitative viewpoint, that Earth's sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looking exclusively at species extinctions. Therefore, humanity needs to address anthropogenic population extirpation and decimation immediately. That conclusion is based on analyses of the numbers and degrees of range contraction (indicative of population shrinkage and/or population extinctions according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature) using a sample of 27,600 vertebrate species, and on a more detailed analysis documenting the population extinctions between 1900 and 2015 in 177 mammal species. We find that the rate of population loss in terrestrial vertebrates is extremely high -- even in '' species of low concern.'' In our sample, comprising nearly half of known vertebrate species, 32\,\% (8,851/27,600) are decreasing; that is, they have decreased in population size and range. In the 177 mammals for which we have detailed data, all have lost 30\,\% or more of their geographic ranges and more than 40\,\% of the species have experienced severe population declines ({$>$}80\,\% range shrinkage). Our data indicate that beyond global species extinctions Earth is experiencing a huge episode of population declines and extirpations, which will have negative cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning and services vital to sustaining civilization. We describe this as a '' biological annihilation'' to highlight the current magnitude of Earth's ongoing sixth major extinction event.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14401158,~to-add-doi-URL,anthropocene,anthropogenic-changes,anthropogenic-impacts,biodiversity,iucn,mass-extinction,spatial-pattern,species-extinction,species-richness,vertebrate},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14401158},
  number = {30}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Ecosystem quality in LCIA: status quo, harmonization, and suggestions for the way forward},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Biodiversity,Damage-level,Endpoint,Functions,Harmonization,LCIA,Species,UNEP-SETAC},
 pages = {1995-2006},
 volume = {23},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-017-1422-8},
 month = {11},
 publisher = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},
 id = {4822732b-9c9c-3ba0-a780-322b6db61508},
 created = {2019-01-29T10:10:05.507Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {25bd5b32-29aa-37df-a206-ab5dc511be68},
 group_id = {58cfc3d0-2767-3215-bf08-97ae3cd08b0f},
 last_modified = {2019-01-29T10:10:05.507Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Woods2017},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {consequential; marginal electricity; insulation; mine_ECCC_elect},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Woods, John S. and Damiani, Mattia and Fantke, Peter and Henderson, Andrew D. and Johnston, John M. and Bare, Jane and Sala, Serenella and de Souza, Danielle and Pfister, Stephan and Posthuma, Leo and Rosenbaum, Ralph K. and Verones, Francesca and Maia de Souza, Danielle and Pfister, Stephan and Posthuma, Leo and Rosenbaum, Ralph K. and Verones, Francesca},
 journal = {International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},
 number = {10}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{thakur_climate_2017,
	title = {Climate warming promotes species diversity, but with greater taxonomic redundancy, in complex environments},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2375-2548},
	shorttitle = {Climate warming promotes species diversity, but with greater taxonomic redundancy, in complex environments},
	url = {://WOS:000411588000021},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1700866},
	abstract = {Climate warming is predicted to alter species interactions, which could potentially lead to extinction events. However, there is an ongoing debate whether the effects of warming on biodiversity may be moderated by biodiversity itself. We tested warming effects on soil nematodes, one of the most diverse and abundant metazoans in terrestrial ecosystems, along a gradient of environmental complexity created by a gradient of plant species richness. Warming increased nematode species diversity in complex (16-species mixtures) plant communities (by similar to 36\%) but decreased it in simple (monocultures) plant communities (by similar to 39\%) compared to ambient temperature. Further, warming led to higher levels of taxonomic relatedness in nematode communities across all levels of plant species richness. Our results highlight both the need for maintaining species-rich plant communities to help offset detrimental warming effects and the inability of species-rich plant communities to maintain nematode taxonomic distinctness when warming occur.},
	language = {English},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	author = {Thakur, M. P. and Tilman, D. and Purschke, O. and Ciobanu, M. and Cowles, J. and Isbell, F. and Wragg, P. D. and Eisenhauer, N.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Science \& Technology - Other Topics, biodiversity, bottom-up, community ecology, fauna, food-web structure, keystone predation, nematode, plant diversity, soil, term grassland experiment, top-down},
	pages = {9}
}

Website  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Diversity and universality of endosymbiotic Rickettsia in the fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Article,Bayesian learning,biodiversity,bootstra},
 pages = {189},
 volume = {8},
 websites = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014553705&doi=10.3389%2Ffmicb.2017.00189&partnerID=40&md5=f5b72ffd87ab95121f40b8b97320b41f},
 publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
 id = {f8040c08-6492-3da2-8181-4b167838d64d},
 created = {2019-10-01T17:20:30.660Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {42d295c0-0737-38d6-8b43-508cab6ea85d},
 last_modified = {2019-10-01T17:20:30.660Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Zaila2017},
 source_type = {article},
 notes = {cited By 1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Although the presence of endosymbiotic rickettsial bacteria, specifically Candidatus Megaira, has been reported in diverse habitats and a wide range of eukaryotic hosts, it remains unclear how broadly Ca. Megaira are distributed in a single host species. In this study we seek to address whether Ca. Megaira are present in most, if not all isolates, of the parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Conserved regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes were either PCR amplified, or assembled from deep sequencing data, from 18 isolates/populations of I. multifiliis sampled worldwide (Brazil, Taiwan, and USA). We found that rickettsial rRNA sequences belonging to three out of four Ca. Megaira subclades could be consistently detected in all I. multifiliis samples. I. multifiliis collected from local fish farms tend to be inhabited by the same subclade of Ca. Megaira, whereas those derived from pet fish are often inhabited by more than one subclade of Ca. Megaira. Distributions of Ca. Megaira in I. multifiliis thus better reflect the travel history, but not the phylogeny, of I. multifiliis. In summary, our results suggest that I. multifiliis may be dependent on this endosymbiotic relationship, and the association between Ca. Megaira and I. multifiliis is more diverse than previously thought. © 2017 Zaila, Doak, Ellerbrock, Tung, Martins, Kolbin, Yao, Cassidy-Hanley, Clark and Chang.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zaila, K E and Doak, T G and Ellerbrock, H and Tung, C.-H. and Martins, M L and Kolbin, D and Yao, M.-C. and Cassidy-Hanley, D M and Clark, T G and Chang, W.-J.},
 doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2017.00189},
 journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
 number = {FEB}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{guerrero-ramirez_diversity-dependent_2017,
	title = {Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2397-334X},
	shorttitle = {Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems},
	url = {://WOS:000417193400015},
	doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1},
	abstract = {The effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning generally increase over time, but the underlying processes remain unclear. Using 26 long-term grassland and forest experimental ecosystems, we demonstrate that biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships strengthen mainly by greater increases in functioning in high-diversity communities in grasslands and forests. In grasslands, biodiversity effects also strengthen due to decreases in functioning in low-diversity communities. Contrasting trends across grasslands are associated with differences in soil characteristics.},
	language = {English},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution},
	author = {Guerrero-Ramirez, N. R. and Craven, D. and Reich, P. B. and Ewel, J. J. and Isbell, F. and Koricheva, J. and Parrotta, J. A. and Auge, H. and Erickson, H. E. and Forrester, D. I. and Hector, A. and Joshi, J. and Montagnini, F. and Palmborg, C. and Piotto, D. and Potvin, C. and Roscher, C. and van Ruijven, J. and Tilman, D. and Wilsey, B. and Eisenhauer, N.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {biodiversity, competition, forests, impacts, species-diversity, productivity relationships, complementarity, eucalyptus, linking, shifts},
	pages = {1639--1642}
}

@inproceedings{liu_analysis_2016,
	title = {An analysis of land cover change in {Northern} {Virginia} in the first decade of 21st century},
	doi = {10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics.2016.7577675},
	abstract = {Land cover change is a significant branch in global change researches and provides essential supporting materials for further studies on biogeochemical cycle, biodiversity, hydrology and climate changes. Based on the NLCD (National Land Cover Database), this study aims to measure the differences and spatiotemporal characteristics of land cover change from 2001 to 2011 by quantitative analysis. We designed and carried out a series of analysis experiments on NLCD for two major counties (Fairfax and Loudoun) in Northern Virginia. The results show that during the period from 2001 to 2011, the dominant land cover in Loudoun County was agricultural field, while in Fairfax County the major portion was occupied by developed land. Meantime, urban/suburban developments occurred in both counties. Developed land increasingly expanded and massively occupied agricultural land in Loudoun and forests in Fairfax. There is a significant difference in speed and scale of growth for developed land. Specifically, the area of developed land showed a continuous increase, while the area of agricultural and forest land experienced a decrease. In terms of second-level land classification hierarchy, in Loudoun County medium intensity developed land has the largest increase while the area of cultivated land has the biggest shrinking in the studied period. In Fairfax County, the barren land has the biggest change ratio with dynamic degree index of 5.22\%, followed by the high intensity developed land with the dynamic degree index of 2.18\% The new developed land in Loudoun County was mainly converted from cultivated land and evergreen forest land, while in Fairfax County it was mainly transferred from evergreen forest and mixed forest land. It indicates that there was a significant growth trend in speed and intensity of urban sprawl in Fairfax County. Given different location condition leads to difference of land cover pattern, the direction and scale of land cover change in both counties will greatly impact on the suitability of residential environment and public health.},
	booktitle = {2016 {Fifth} {International} {Conference} on {Agro}-{Geoinformatics} ({Agro}-{Geoinformatics})},
	author = {Liu, Z. and Sun, Z. and Di, L.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {AD 2001 to 2011, agricultural land, Agriculture, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycle, climate change, dynamic degree, evergreen forest land, Fairfax county, forestry, hydrology, Indexes, land classification hierarchy, land cover, land cover change, land cover change analysis, land cover pattern, Loudoun county, Market research, National Land Cover Database, NLCD, Northern Virginia, Sociology, Statistics, transfer matrix, urban /suburban development, urban sprawl, urban-suburban development, Wetlands},
	pages = {1--5},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Volumes/mini-disk1/Google Drive/_lib/zotero/storage/MB5JLUM7/7577675.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:/Volumes/mini-disk1/Google Drive/_lib/zotero/storage/947KAE8L/Liu et al. - 2016 - An analysis of land cover change in Northern Virgi.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{miraldoAnthropoceneMapGenetic2016,
  title = {An {{Anthropocene}} Map of Genetic Diversity},
  author = {Miraldo, A. and Li, S. and Borregaard, M. K. and {Florez-Rodriguez}, A. and Gopalakrishnan, S. and Rizvanovic, M. and Wang, Z. and Rahbek, C. and Marske, K. A. and {Nogues-Bravo}, D.},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  volume = {353},
  pages = {1532--1535},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aaf4381},
  abstract = {The Anthropocene is witnessing a loss of biodiversity, with well-documented declines in the diversity of ecosystems and species. For intraspecific genetic diversity, however, we lack even basic knowledge on its global distribution. We georeferenced 92,801 mitochondrial sequences for {$>$}4500 species of terrestrial mammals and amphibians, and found that genetic diversity is 27\,\% higher in the tropics than in nontropical regions. Overall, habitats that are more affected by humans hold less genetic diversity than wilder regions, although results for mammals are sensitive to choice of genetic locus. Our study associates geographic coordinates with publicly available genetic sequences at a massive scale, yielding an opportunity to investigate both the drivers of this component of biodiversity and the genetic consequences of the anthropogenic modification of nature.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14149078,amphibians,anthropic-feedback,anthropocene,anthropogenic-impacts,biodiversity,genetic-diversity,global-scale,mammals},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14149078},
  number = {6307}
}

@article{moranIntraspecificTraitVariation2016,
  title = {Intraspecific Trait Variation across Scales: Implications for Understanding Global Change Responses},
  author = {Moran, Emily V. and Hartig, Florian and Bell, David M.},
  year = {2016},
  month = jan,
  volume = {22},
  pages = {137--150},
  issn = {1354-1013},
  doi = {10.1111/gcb.13000},
  abstract = {Recognition of the importance of intraspecific variation in ecological processes has been growing, but empirical studies and models of global change have only begun to address this issue in detail. This review discusses sources and patterns of intraspecific trait variation and their consequences for understanding how ecological processes and patterns will respond to global change. We examine how current ecological models and theories incorporate intraspecific variation, review existing data sources that could help parameterize models that account for intraspecific variation in global change predictions, and discuss new data that may be needed. We provide guidelines on when it is most important to consider intraspecific variation, such as when trait variation is heritable or when nonlinear relationships are involved. We also highlight benefits and limitations of different model types and argue that many common modeling approaches such as matrix population models or global dynamic vegetation models can allow a stronger consideration of intraspecific trait variation if the necessary data are available. We recommend that existing data need to be made more accessible, though in some cases, new experiments are needed to disentangle causes of variation.},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14307987,biodiversity,genetic-diversity,global-change,non-linearity,phenotypes-vs-genotypes,population-structuring},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14307987},
  number = {1}
}

@article{bradleyDoesIncreasedForest2016,
  title = {Does Increased Forest Protection Correspond to Higher Fire Severity in Frequent-Fire Forests of the Western {{United States}}?},
  author = {Bradley, Curtis M. and Hanson, Chad T. and DellaSala, Dominick A.},
  year = {2016},
  month = oct,
  volume = {7},
  pages = {e01492+},
  issn = {2150-8925},
  doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1492},
  abstract = {There is a widespread view among land managers and others that the protected status of many forestlands in the western United States corresponds with higher fire severity levels due to historical restrictions on logging that contribute to greater amounts of biomass and fuel loading in less intensively managed areas, particularly after decades of fire suppression. This view has led to recent proposals -- both administrative and legislative -- to reduce or eliminate forest protections and increase some forms of logging based on the belief that restrictions on active management have increased fire severity. We investigated the relationship between protected status and fire severity using the Random Forests algorithm applied to 1500 fires affecting 9.5 million hectares between 1984 and 2014 in pine (Pinus ponderosa, Pinus jeffreyi) and mixed-conifer forests of western United States, accounting for key topographic and climate variables. We found forests with higher levels of protection had lower severity values even though they are generally identified as having the highest overall levels of biomass and fuel loading. Our results suggest a need to reconsider current overly simplistic assumptions about the relationship between forest protection and fire severity in fire management and policy.

[Excerpt: Conclusions]

In general, our findings -- that forests with the highest levels of protection from logging tend to burn least severely -- suggest a need for managers and policymakers to rethink current forest and fire management direction, particularly proposals that seek to weaken forest protections or suspend environmental laws ostensibly to facilitate a more extensive and industrial forest-fire management regime. Such approaches would likely achieve the opposite of their intended consequences and would degrade complex early seral forests (DellaSala et al. 2015). We suggest that the results of our study counsel in favor of increased protection for federal forestlands without the concern that this may lead to more severe fires.

[] Allowing wildfires to burn under safe conditions is an effective restoration tool for achieving landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity conservation objectives in regions where high levels of biodiversity are associated with mixed-intensity fires (i.e., '' pyrodiversity begets biodiversity,'' see DellaSala and Hanson 2015b). Managers concerned about fires can close and decommission roads that contribute to human-caused fire ignitions and treat fire-prone tree plantations where fires have been shown to burn uncharacteristically severe (Odion et al. 2004). Prioritizing fuel treatments to flammable vegetation adjacent to homes along with specific measures that reduce fire risks to home structures are precautionary steps for allowing more fires to proceed safely in the backcountry (Moritz 2014, DellaSala et al. 2015, Moritz and Knowles 2016).

[] Managing for wildfire benefits as we suggest is also consistent with recent national forest policies such as 2012 National Forest Management Act planning rule that emphasizes maintaining and restoring ecological integrity across the national forest system and because complex early forests can only be produced by natural disturbance events not mimicked by mechanical fuel reduction or clear-cut logging (Swanson et al. 2011, DellaSala et al. 2014). Thus, managers wishing to maintain biodiversity in fire-adapted forests should appropriately weigh the benefits of wildfires against the ecological costs of mechanical fuel reduction and fire suppression (Ingalsbee and Raja 2015) and should consider expansion of protected forest areas as a means of maintaining natural ecosystem processes like wildland fire.

[] [...]},
  journal = {Ecosphere},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14178845,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,fire-fuel,fire-severity,forest-fires,forest-management,forest-resources,protected-areas,protection,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14178845},
  number = {10}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{srinivas_oil_2016,
	title = {Oil palm expansion drives avifaunal decline in the {Pucallpa} region of {Peruvian} {Amazonia}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {2351-9894},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989416300087},
	doi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2016.06.005},
	abstract = {Oil palm is one of the world’s most rapidly expanding crops, replacing humid forests across tropical regions. Studies examining the effect of this land conversion on biodiversity have tended to focus predominantly on Southeast Asia, where the majority of the world’s oil palm is produced. Because the Amazon possesses the greatest area of suitable land for oil palm expansion, oil palm is considered an emerging threat to Amazonian biodiversity. This is the first study to examine how oil palm agriculture affects avian diversity within the context of Western Amazonia. We used mist nets to conduct avifaunal surveys of forest and oil palm habitat in the Pucallpa region of Peruvian Amazonia. Bird species richness, species evenness, and overall abundance were all significantly higher in the forest than in oil palm habitat. Strikingly, less than 5\% of all captured species were common to both forest and oil palm habitat. The species absent from the oil palm plantations were disproportionately habitat specialists, forest interior birds, birds with high sensitivity to disturbance, and insectivores and frugivores. The results suggest that oil palm is particularly poor habitat for Amazonian birds, and that the species that are persist on them are of lower conservation value. Given the apparent lack of diversity on oil palm plantations, preventing further conversion of forests to oil palm should be prioritized.},
	urldate = {2018-02-25TZ},
	journal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},
	author = {Srinivas, Alicia and Koh, Lian Pin},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Amazon, Biodiversity, Birds, Oil palm, Peru, Ucayali},
	pages = {183--200}
}

@article{andersonTroubleNegativeEmissions2016,
  title = {The Trouble with Negative Emissions},
  author = {Anderson, Kevin and Peters, Glen},
  year = {2016},
  month = oct,
  volume = {354},
  pages = {182--183},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aah4567},
  abstract = {In December 2015, member states of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, which aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to below 2\textdegree C and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5\textdegree C. The Paris Agreement requires that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission sources and sinks are balanced by the second half of this century. Because some nonzero sources are unavoidable, this leads to the abstract concept of '' negative emissions,'' the removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through technical means. The Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) informing policy-makers assume the large-scale use of negative-emission technologies. If we rely on these and they are not deployed or are unsuccessful at removing CO2 from the atmosphere at the levels assumed, society will be locked into a high-temperature pathway.

[Excerpt] [...] The promise of future and cost-optimal negative-emission technologies is more politically appealing than the prospect of developing policies to deliver rapid and deep mitigation now. If negative-emission technologies do indeed follow the idealized, rapid, and successful deployment assumed in the models, then any reduction in near-term mitigation caused by the appeal of negative emissions will likely lead to only a small and temporary overshoot of the Paris temperature goals. In stark contrast, if the many reservations increasingly voiced about negative-emission technologies [...] turn out to be valid, the weakening of near-term mitigation and the failure of future negative-emission technologies will be a prelude to rapid temperature rises reminiscent of the 4\textdegree C '' business as usual'' pathway feared before the Paris Agreement.

[] Negative-emission technologies are not an insurance policy, but rather an unjust and high-stakes gamble. There is a real risk they will be unable to deliver on the scale of their promise. If the emphasis on equity and risk aversion embodied in the Paris Agreement are to have traction, negative-emission technologies should not form the basis of the mitigation agenda. [...] They could very reasonably be the subject of research, development, and potentially deployment, but the mitigation agenda should proceed on the premise that they will not work at scale. The implications of failing to do otherwise are a moral hazard par excellence.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14161174,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,bioenergy,carbon-capture-and-storage,carbon-dioxide-removal,carbon-emissions,climate-change,environment-society-economy,ghg,global-warming,integrated-modelling,negative-emissions,policy-strategies-for-scientific-uncertainty,science-ethics,science-policy-interface,science-society-interface,sustainability,technology,terminology,trade-offs,uncertainty,unknown},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14161174},
  number = {6309}
}

@book{andersonStateWorldPlants2016,
  title = {State of the World's Plants - 2016},
  author = {Anderson, Seona and Bachman, Steven and Barker, Abigail and Belyaeva, Irina and Benz, David and Biggs, Bridget and Black, Nick and Budden, Andrew and Canteiro, C{\'a}tia and {Caste{\~n}eda-{\'A}lvarez}, Nora and Cheek, Martin and Clarke, Guy and Clubbe, Colin and Damasceno, Geraldo and Darbyshire, Iain and Davis, Aaron and Dempewolf, Hannes and Eastwood, Ruth and Fernandez, Eduardo P. and Forest, Felix and Forzza, Rafaela C. and Govaerts, Rafa{\"e}l and Guarino, Luigi and Halski, Beth and Hargreaves, Serene and Hudson, Alex and Khoury, Colin K. and Kuhn, Nicola and Larocca, Jo{\~a}o and Leitch, Ilia and Lindon, Heather and Long, Peter and Lughadha, Eimear N. and {Macias-Fauria}, Marc and Moat, Justin and Simmonds, Monique and M{\"u}ller, Jonas M. and Newton, Rosemary and Nicolson, Nicky and O'Sullivan, Robert and Parker, Joe and Paton, Alan and Petrokofsky, Gillian and Rivers, Malin and Rutherford, Catherine and Simmonds, Monique and Smith, Matthew and Smyth, Noeleen and Turner, Rob and Ulian, Tiziana and Wilkinson, Tim and Williams, China and Williams, Emma and Willis, Kathy and Zappi, Daniela},
  year = {2016},
  publisher = {{Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew}},
  abstract = {This report provides, for the first time, a baseline assessment of our current knowledge on the diversity of plants on earth, the global threats these plants currently face, and the policies in place and their effectiveness in dealing with these threats.

[] On the diversity of plants, we can report that there are now an estimated{\~ }391,000 vascular plants known to science of which 369,000 are flowering plants. Around 2000 new vascular plant species are described each year. In 2015 these included a massive leguminous tree (Gilbertiodendron maximum), more than 90 species of Begonia, 13 new species from the onion family, and discovery of a close relative of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Most were found during fieldwork, some in herbarium specimens, while one of the largest carnivorous plants known (1.5m in height) a new insect-eating plant, Drosera magnifica was first discovered on Facebook. However, there are still large parts of the world where very little is known about the plants. Identification of these important plant areas is now critical. Similarly, we still only know a fraction of the genetic diversity of plants and whole-genome sequences are currently available for just 139 species of vascular plants.

[] In terms of uses of plants, at least 31,000 plant species have a documented use as medicines, food, materials and so on. A further 3,546 crop wild relatives are prioritised for collecting and preservation in genebanks. These plants, from a wide range of geographic and ecological locations, provide a pool of genetic variation that is of critical importance to global food security. More research effort is needed to build up these collections in global gene banks including Kew's Millennium Seedbank.

[] Knowledge of the impacts of climate change on plants is known for some regions of the world, but there are still large areas for which little or no research exists. In those areas where good data is available, clear impacts are visible including changes in flowering times, turnover in plant communities and movement of species with changing climates.

[] All but one of the world's biomes have experienced more than 10\,\% change in land-cover type in the past decade due to the combined impacts of land-use and climate change.

[] A large global movement of alien invasive plant species is occurring. Around 5000 species are now documented as invasive in global surveys. These plants are causing large declines in native plants, damaging natural ecosystems, transforming land-cover and often causing huge economic losses. Those that are most invasive share a similar life-form - which is the ability to die-back during unfavourable seasons and survive as bulbs, rhizomes, tubers, root buds or seeds. Japanese knotweed is a classic example of this life-form which survives underground as a rhizome.

[] There are many emerging threats also occurring with plant diseases caused by fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens. Research effort into these diseases is skewed towards countries with a wealthier research infrastructure.

[] Given the threats associated with climate change, land-use change, invasive plants and diseases, best estimates lead us to believe that 21\,\% of the world's plants are currently threatened with extinction.

[] International trade in endangered plants is causing additional pressure on wild biodiversity and strict enforcement of international legislation is crucial. Adoption and implementation of policies such as CITES (Convention on Trade in Endangered Species) other international legislative instruments, such as the Nagoya Protocol, already appear to be having some effect at enabling countries to best conserve and utilise the biodiversity they hold.},
  isbn = {978-1-84246-628-5},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14034628,biodiversity,climate-change,conservation,ecosystem,featured-publication,genetic-diversity,global-change,global-scale,invasive-species,land-cover,plant-pests,species-extinction,vegetation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14034628}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{wallis_contrasting_2016,
	title = {Contrasting performance of {Lidar} and optical texture models in predicting avian diversity in a tropical mountain forest},
	volume = {174},
	issn = {0034-4257},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425715302406},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.019},
	abstract = {Ecosystems worldwide are threatened by the increasing impact of land use and climate change. To protect their diversity and functionality, spatially explicit monitoring systems are needed. In remote areas, monitoring is difficult and recurrent field surveys are costly. By using Lidar or the more cost-effective and repetitive optical satellite data, remote sensing could provide proxies for habitat structure supporting measures for the conservation of biodiversity. Here we compared the explanatory power of both, airborne Lidar and optical satellite data in modeling the spatial distribution of biodiversity of birds across a complex tropical mountain forest ecosystem in southeastern Ecuador. We used data from field surveys of birds and chose three measures as proxies for different aspects of diversity: (i) Shannon diversity as a measure of α-diversity that also includes the relative abundance of species, (ii) phylodiversity as a first proxy for functional diversity, and (iii) community composition as a proxy for combined α- and β-diversity. We modeled these diversity estimates using partial least-square regression of Lidar and optical texture metrics separately and compared the models using a leave-one-out validated R2 and root mean square error. Bird community information was best predicted by both remote sensing datasets, followed by Shannon diversity and phylodiversity. Our findings reveal a high potential of optical texture metrics for predicting Shannon diversity and a measure of community composition, but not for modeling phylodiversity. Generalizing from the investigated tropical mountain ecosystem, we conclude that texture information retrieved from multispectral data of operational satellite systems could replace costly airborne laser-scanning for modeling certain aspects of biodiversity.},
	urldate = {2018-02-25TZ},
	journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
	author = {Wallis, Christine I. B. and Paulsch, Detlev and Zeilinger, Jörg and Silva, Brenner and Curatola Fernández, Giulia F. and Brandl, Roland and Farwig, Nina and Bendix, Jörg},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, Birds, Community composition, Ecuadorian Andes, Gray level co-occurrence matrix, Partial least-square regression, Phylodiversity, Quickbird, Shannon diversity, Α-diversity, β-diversity},
	pages = {223--232}
}

@article{aschenbroich_brachyuran_2016,
	title = {Brachyuran crab community structure and associated sediment reworking activities in pioneer and young mangroves of {French} {Guiana}, {South} {America}},
	volume = {182},
	issn = {0272-7714},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2016.09.003},
	abstract = {This study in French Guiana evaluates the changes of crab assemblages and their bioturbation activities between mangrove early stages (pioneer and young mangrove) and within stages by taking their spatial heterogeneity (tidal channels, flat areas, pools) into account. The results show differences in crab assemblage structure between and within the early stages of mangrove in relation to microhabitat and sediment characteristics. The sediment reworking rates are a function of the biomass or density of particular species (Ucides cordatus, Uca cumulanta) and burrower functional groups. Crab species or functional interactions mediate changes in sediment reworking rates suggesting the need to consider entire benthic communities rather than single species. This study suggests that the role of the micro habitat in determining the biologically -induced sediment reworking rates depends on the age of the mangrove. Feeding activity results in a sediment turnover of 11.7 +/- 9.7 g(dw) m(-2) day(-1) and 6.8 +/- 3.0 g(dw) m(-2) day(-1) in the pioneer and young mangroves, respectively. Burrow maintenance excavates 40.5 +/- 7.4 g(dw) m(-2) day(-1) and 251.3 +/- 419.7 g(dw) m(-2) day(-1) in the pioneer and young mangroves, respectively. Upscaling to the studied area (Sinnamary estuary: 6 km(2)), shows that 500 tons.day(-1) and 20 tons.day(-1) of sediments could be excavated and pelletized, respectively, during the spring tides of the dry season. Thus, biological sediment reworking would greatly contribute to the sedimentary dynamics of the Guianese mangroves under Amazonian influence. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	language = {English},
	journal = {Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science},
	author = {Aschenbroich, Adelaide and Michaud, Emma and Stieglitz, Thomas and Fromard, Francois and Gardel, Antoine and Tavares, Marcos and Thouzeau, Gerard},
	month = dec,
	year = {2016},
	note = {00001 
WOS:000390627700006},
	keywords = {ACL, Amazon, Bioturbation, Community composition, Crabs, DISCOVERY, French Guiana, Mangroves, biodiversity, burrowing crabs, chasmagnathus-granulata, dynamics, ecological role, ecosystem, genus uca, habitat, organic-matter, salt-marsh},
	pages = {60--71}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{gascuel_effects_2016,
	title = {The effects of archipelago spatial structure on island diversity and endemism: predictions from a spatially-structured neutral model},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {1558-5646},
	shorttitle = {The effects of archipelago spatial structure on island diversity and endemism},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evo.13067/abstract},
	doi = {10.1111/evo.13067},
	abstract = {Islands are particularly suited to testing hypotheses about the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underpinning community assembly. Yet the complex spatial arrangements of real island systems have received little attention from both empirical studies and theoretical models. Here, we investigate the extent to which the spatial structure of archipelagos affects species diversity and endemism. We start by proposing a new spatially structured neutral model that explicitly considers archipelago structure, and then investigate its predictions under a diversity of scenarios. Our results suggest that considering the spatial structure of archipelagos is crucial to understanding their diversity and endemism, with structured island systems acting both as “museums” and “cradles” of biodiversity. These dynamics of diversification may change the traditionally expected pattern of decrease in species richness with distance from the mainland, even potentially leading to increasing patterns for taxa with high speciation rates in archipelagos off species-poor continental areas. Our results also predict that, within spatially structured archipelagos, metapopulation dynamics and evolutionary processes can generate higher diversity on islands more centrally placed than at the periphery. We derive from our results a set of theoretical predictions, potentially testable with empirical data.},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2016-11-03TZ},
	journal = {Evolution},
	author = {Gascuel, Fanny and Laroche, Fabien and Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie and Rodrigues, Ana S. L.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, Biogeography, neutral model, protracted speciation, spatially explicit model, species richness},
	pages = {2657--2666}
}

@article{ratcliffeTreeNeighbourhoodMatters2015,
  title = {Tree Neighbourhood Matters - {{Tree}} Species Composition Drives Diversity-Productivity Patterns in a near-Natural Beech Forest},
  author = {Ratcliffe, Sophia and Holzwarth, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Nadrowski, Karin and Levick, Shaun and Wirth, Christian},
  year = {2015},
  month = jan,
  volume = {335},
  pages = {225--234},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2014.09.032},
  abstract = {[Highlights]

[::] We test tree diversity-productivity relationships in a temperate beech forest. 
[::] Beech and hornbeam trees grew faster in more diverse neighbourhoods. 
[::] Complementarity effects were driven by differences in species' competitive strengths. 
[::] Small scale admixture with patches of different species promotes tree growth.

[Abstract]

European beech forest with a variable admixture is one of the most important forest types in Central Europe. Growing evidence has demonstrated the positive effect of increased biodiversity on vital forest ecosystem functions and services such as productivity and nutrient cycling. Both complementarity in resource use and species identity are known to influence tree productivity but they have received relatively little attention in observational studies. Using a large dataset of repeat inventory trees in a near-natural deciduous forest in Central Germany we test whether tree diversity enhances tree productivity at the tree and the stand level, whilst accounting for tree size, tree vitality, local topography and the potentially confounding effects of spatial autocorrelation and negative growth estimates. Beech and hornbeam individual tree growth was sensitive to their neighbourhood diversity and composition whilst ash trees were only sensitive to the neighbourhood tree density. Neighbourhood complementarity effects were driven by differences in species' competitive strengths, whilst at the stand level productivity gains were primarily attributable to the density of ash and diversity effects were less prominent. We conclude that small-scale admixture with patches of different species promotes tree growth in European beech forest; congruent with current management plans for beech and hardwood forests.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14070499,~to-add-doi-URL,acer-campestre,acer-platanoides,acer-pseudoplatanus,biodiversity,carpinus-betulus,diversity,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,fraxinus-excelsior,germany,species-richness,ulmus-glabra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14070499}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Southern Ocean Asteroidea: a proposed update for the Register of Antarctic Marine Species},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Asteroidea,Biodiversity,Checklist,RAMS,Register of Antarctic Marine Species,Sea stars,Southern Ocean,WoRMS},
 pages = {e7062},
 volume = {3},
 websites = {http://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=7062&display_type=list&element_type=8},
 id = {1f95e324-b519-3e78-bce2-31a138914af7},
 created = {2016-03-31T21:03:12.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a6b775b7-bd0f-3ebc-b4a0-67a4e549340e},
 last_modified = {2017-07-29T09:31:04.913Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background The Register of Antarctic Marine Species (RAMS, De Broyer et al. 2015) is the regional component of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board 2015) in the Southern Ocean. It has been operating for the last ten years, with a special effort devoted towards its completion after the International Polar Year (IPY) in 2007-2008, in the framework of the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML, 2005 - 2010). Its objective is to offer free and open access to a complete register of all known species living in the Southern Ocean, building a workbench of the present taxonomic knowledge for that region. The Antarctic zone defined by this dynamic and community-based tool has been investigated with a particular interest. The Sub-Antarctic zone was a secondary objective during the establishment of the RAMS and is still lacking the impulse of the scientific community for some taxa. New information In the present study, more than 13,000 occurrences records of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) have been compiled within the RAMS area of interest and checked against the RAMS species list of sea stars, using WoRMS Taxon Match tool. Few mismatches (basionym mistakes : i.e. original name misspelled or incorrect) were found within the existing list and 97 unregistered species are actually occurring within the RAMS boundaries. After this update, the number of Asteroidea species was increased by around 50%, now reaching 295 accepted species.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Moreau, Camille and Agüera, Antonio and Jossart, Quentin and Danis, Bruno},
 journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Evaluating Interactions of Forest Conservation Policies on Avoided Deforestation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {crn3025},
 pages = {e0124910},
 volume = {10},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124910,citeulike-article-id:14161492},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 day = {24},
 id = {ba9fee21-122a-3986-adea-ad587006bed6},
 created = {2019-04-01T18:01:42.338Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {1f5347e3-dec5-3349-a941-3b484c2dfce9},
 group_id = {184ee5d4-bd93-3566-938b-14cc43849390},
 last_modified = {2019-04-01T18:01:42.338Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We estimate the effects on deforestation that have resulted from policy interactions between parks and payments and between park buffers and payments in Costa Rica between 2000 and 2005. We show that the characteristics of the areas where protected and unprotected lands are located differ significantly. Additionally, we find that land characteristics of each of the policies and of the places where they interact also differ significantly. To adequately estimate the effects of the policies and their interactions, we use matching methods. Matching is implemented not only to define adequate control groups, as in previous research, but also to define those groups of locations under the influence of policies that are comparable to each other. We find that it is more effective to locate parks and payments away from each other, rather than in the same location or near each other. The high levels of enforcement inside both parks and lands with payments, and the presence of conservation spillovers that reduce deforestation near parks, significantly reduce the potential impact of combining these two policies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Robalino, J A and Sandoval, C and Barton, D N and Chacon, A and Pfaff, A},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {4}
}

@article{olanoBlackWoodpeckerDryocopus2015,
  title = {Black Woodpecker {{Dryocopus}} Martius ({{L}}., 1758) Distribution, Abundance, Habitat Use and Breeding Performance in a Recently Colonized Region in {{SW Europe}}},
  author = {Olano, Mikel and Aierbe, Tomas and Be{\~n}aran, Haritz and Hurtado, Rober and Ugarte, Jon and Urruzola, Aitzol and V{\'a}zquez, Jabier and Ansorregi, Fermin and Galdos, Aitor and Gracianteparaluceta, Ana and {Fern{\'a}ndez-Gar{\'c}{\i}a}, Jos{\'e} M.},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {63},
  issn = {2172-4547},
  abstract = {At the southwestern edge of its global distribution, the Pyrenean population of the black woodpecker Dryocopus martius has increased its range during the last three decades, colonizing new areas where the species was previously unknown. This is the case for Gipuzkoa, where a systematic survey was performed in the breeding season of 2013 aimed at describing the species distribution, abundance, habitat use and reproductive performance. Potential locations were identified using forest inventories and were visited since January until March. Locations were considered occupied when nests or pairs were found, or single individuals were detected during three consecutive visits. Breeding performance in active nests was monitored during May and June. We found 21 breeding home ranges, mainly distributed across the Eastern and Southern fringes of the study area. The environmental variables positively related to the presence of breeding home ranges were higher proportions of canopy cover, mature structure of the stand, cover of beech Fagus sylvatica, mixed deciduous and black pine Pinus nigra stands, and unfragmented forest patches. Monterey pine P. radiata plantations and low tree heights were negatively selected. Preferred foraging areas comprised proportions of American oak Quercus rubra and black pine plantations. Thirteen active nests were found. All nests but two were excavated in beech trees. Breeding success was high (92\%) but fledging success (1.8) was below the average reported in Europe, suggesting intrinsic limitations associated to a peripheral population.

[Excerpt: Discussion]

[::The colonizing process] The absence of paleozoological records for the black woodpecker in Europe west and south of the Alps might suggest that the species is a historic colonizer of the Atlantic section of the continent (Arribas, 2004; Holm \& Svenning, 2014). During the 20th century, considerable range expansions have been described in The Netherlands, Belgium, France and Italy, with birds invading lowland, reforested regions (Cuisin, 1985; Mikusinski, 1995; Cuisin, 1998; Ceccarelli et al., 2008). In Northern Iberia, at the south-western edge of the global distribution, the black woodpecker has also increased its breeding range, colonizing formerly vacant areas over the last 30 years (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2004; Camprodon et al., 2007). In Gipuzkoa, the first report of the black woodpecker dates back to the 1960's (Noval, 1967), but until the 2000's the species was extremely rare and irregular (Gainzarain, 1998; Aierbe et al., 2001). In 2011, the first successful reproduction was confirmed (Ruiz de Azua, 2012), though, without doubt, the Black Woodpecker was already breeding a few years before (T. Aierbe, com. pers.).

[\textbackslash n] This particular colonizing event is part of the wider range expansion across the Basque Mountains, which is currently filling the intermediate gap between the Pyrenean and the Cantabrian populations (Gainzarain \& Fern\'andez-Gar\'c\i a, 2013). The geographic origin of this recent population is unknown so far. There is not genetic or ringing information to support a Cantabrian or Pyrenean origin, which are the closest source areas. However, based on the favourable population trend of the neighbouring Pyrenean population (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2004), opposite to the Cantabrian one (Simal \& Herrero, 2003; Gar\'c\i a, 2008; S\'anchez et al., 2009), it is plausible to speculate about a Pyrenean origin.

[\textbackslash n] The black woodpecker fulfills several biological features that Mikusinski (2006) related to decline-prone woodpecker species in transformed landscapes, like large body size and extensive home-ranges, therefore needing a network of vast forest tracts to maintain viable populations. But, on the the other hand, this species maintains a huge distribution indicating adaptability (Croci et al., 2007), is relatively tolerant to forestry practices (C\'arcamo, 2006) which associates to rapid occupation of vacant habitats (Villard \& Taylor, 1994), and has good dispersal abilities, in turn related to the velocity of expansion (Lensink, 1997). Although there are hardly any studies in Europe reporting on emigration and immigration rates (Passinelli, 2006), recoveries of ringed birds show a noticeable proportion of long post-juvenile movements (Gorman, 2011) and high average natal dispersal distance (16.25 km in Denmark; Christensen, 2002). Both this kind of life-history traits and tolerance to disturbance are fair predictors of colonizer birds (Shigesada \& Kawasaki, 2002) and may explain the black woodpecker capability to expand its distribution, as shown from our study area.

[\textbackslash n] At the continental scale, the expansion of the black woodpeckers' range has been attributed to extensive coniferous reforestation (Mikusinski, 1995), but at the regional scale more emphasis is placed on forest maturation, due to a decline in timber exploitation (Gil- Tena et al., 2010). The occupancy of patches in Gipuzkoa did not seem to be influenced by distance to population sources, which was not unexpected given the comparatively small scale of our study area. In the Eastern Pyrenees, about three times larger, the pattern of colonization by the black woodpecker was mediated by connectivity among forest patches, depending in turn on distance to source and forest structure (i. e. basal area; Gil- Tena et al., 2013). The availability of a network of stepping stones is crucial to explain the progressive spread of the population (Saura et al., 2014). Such spatially explicit models could be improved if indicators of foraging quality, such as availability of dead wood, are taken into account (see below). Foraging quality enhances breeding performance and the production of a surplus of individuals than can disperse to non-occupied patches (Newton, 1998).

[::Plantations and the black woodpecker] The black woodpecker inhabits several different types of Palearctic boreal and temperate forests, including coniferous plantations (Mikusinski, 1995; Gorman, 2011). In boreal and hemiboreal forests, the species is tolerant to plantation managing, provided that thick trunks (diameter {$>$}40 cm) for excavating nests remain, and decaying trees are also left as foraging substrates (Angelstam \& Mikusinski, 1994). In the framework of worldwide afforestation and reforestation activities for commercial purposes, intense debates focus on the effect of plantation forestry on biodiversity (Bremer \& Farley, 2010). As for birds, metaanalyses in Europe have shown that landscape history and spatial structure (patch size, matrix pattern) are probably more informative in explaining species richness than management at the stand scale (Paillet et al., 2009).

[\textbackslash n] Extensive Monterey pine plantations in Northern Spain have contributed to the restoration of forest bird communities (Carrascal \& Telle\'r\i a, 1990), but for the black woodpecker in particular our study has found a number of limitations. Plantations of this pine species in the Basque region are a novel habitat for the black woodpecker across its entire range (Mead, 2013). The species' selection for nesting habitats is rather demanding, both for cavity- trees and cavity-tree plots (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2001; Camprodon et al., 2007; Pirovano \& Zecca, 2014). Preference for beech as nesting substrate has been demonstrated over much of Western Europe (Gorman, 2011; Zahner et al., 2012), and our own data supports this view. Beech trees provide less accessible nests: high holes and smooth bark are associated to lower predation pressure (Zahner \& Bauer, 2014). But pine trees (i.e. black pine, Scots pine) are also used in some mountain regions, like the Pyrenees and the Alps, in similar proportion to their availability on the landscape (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2001; Bocca et al., 2007). In Gipuzkoa, the avoidance of Monterey pine patches deserves further research, but the reason may lie on the combined absence of suitable (i.e thick, tall and debranched) nesting trees and the scarcity of foraging resources in dense, shaded stands (see below). On the contrary, stands of mixed deciduous trees were favoured because they probably supply hole-trees (beech and American oak, even though these two species do not dominate such stands). Because of the forest history of the study area, mixed deciduous stands appear scattered at lower altitudes, surrounded by the matrix of Monterey pine plantations. Similarly, Bocca et al. (2007) found a negative selection for the mountain pine Pinus uncinata in the Alps -in spite of accounting for half of the surface of their study area- attributed to the unsuitable tree conformation and the dense structure of this kind of forest.

[::The role of habitat fragmentation] An interesting outcome was the influence of the spatial structure of the habitat on the presence of black woodpecker BHR. Fragmentation of suitable forest patches embedded in a matrix dominated by intensively managed plantations largely determines the composition of bird assemblages (Estades \& Temple, 1999) but in a species-specific-way (M\"onkkonen et al., 2014). Woodpeckers are thought to be relatively tolerant to fragmentation because, as primary cavity-nesters, they avoid the increasing effect of predation while decreasing patch size. This seems to be the case for the black woodpecker, whose density and breeding performance was not influenced by fragmentation in Sweden (Tjernber et al. 1993) or landscape structure in Finland (Brotons et al., 2003).

[\textbackslash n] But more detailed analyses have shown differences referred to patch size and density of edges in another generalist species, the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major (Mazgajski \& Rejt, 2006; Barbaro et al., 2007). Reduced clutch size, low number of fledglings and delayed breeding phenology were observed in smaller woodlots. Therefore even generalist woodpeckers can be sensitive to fragmentation processes, and this could also apply to the black woodpecker (Mikusinski, 1995). The preference for larger, less complex forest patches in our study area, as opposed to the pattern over much of the species range (Rueda et al., 2013), might indicate that the spatial structure plays an increasing role as departing from the range core. This idea is also supported by the fact that such a preference has also been described in other peripheral areas, namely Northern Scandinavia and the Pyrenees (Tjernberg et al., 1993; Garmendia et al., 2006), regardless of their varying degree of forest fragmentation at the European landscape level (Estreguil et al., 2013).

[::Is breeding performance limited by habitat or demography?] A high percentage of the monitored nests produced fledglings. The review of Passinelli (2006) reported a median breeding success of 80.2\,\% (55-96\,\% in 12 studies from France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Finland); the figure in our study area was close to the highest section of that range. This might be an artifact because precision of nest success estimates depends on sample size (Pac\'l\i k et al., 2009) and breeding failures at the stages of nesting and incubation are more difficult to detect, but the same could be applied to the mentioned studies, and the intensity of our field effort suggests that the breeding success was indeed relatively high. On the contrary, the number of fledglings per successful nest was low, if compared to the average 3.3 given over of the above referred studies (Passinelli, 2006). Our figure is based on a one-year monitoring, but additional data from previous years were in accordance with this (Ruiz de Azua, 2012; T. Aierbe, pers. com.).

[\textbackslash n] Although clutch size has been reported to be influenced by latitude in many bird species, other breeding parameters such as the number of fledglings per successful nest probably depend less on geographical determinants (Sanz, 1998). Reproductive performance in the black woodpecker is influenced by territory quality (Rolstad et al., 2000) and, possibly, by age, experience, duration of bond and kinship between the pair members, although these latter aspects have seldom been investigated in European woodpeckers (Christensen \& Kampp, 2003; Passinelli, 2006). Regarding our study area, we do not have data to exclude any of these hypotheses. As for the first, the high proportion of exotic tree stands in black woodpecker territories may limit the availability of invertebrates as foraging resources, and drive higher chick mortality, as has been suggested for forest passerines in Monterey pine plantations (De la Hera et al., 2013). Epigeal ant and beetle abundances are very impoverished in Monterey pine plantations from Australia and South America, where this tree is also aloctonous (Gunther \& New, 2003; Sinclair \& New, 2004; Corley et al., 2006; Paritsis \& Aitzen, 2008).

[\textbackslash n] In our study area, Alberdi et al. (2012) measured a lower frequency of occurrence of ground-dwelling ant (Lasius spp., Formica spp.) mounds on Monterey pine plots (11\,\%, N=392), beech (7 \%, N=157), black pine (7 \%, N=54) and larch, Douglas fir and Lawson cypress (9 \%, N=118), as opposed to oak and mixed deciduous plots (19 \%, N=209). This data does not explain the foraging use by the black woodpecker, possibly because the abundance of ground-dwelling ants is not a reliable indicator of foraging habitat quality in our study area. Although these ants are known to be a part of the black woodpecker's diet, arboreal carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) are the staple food in Europe (Rolstad et al., 1998; Gorman, 2011). The abundance of carpenter ants and saproxylophagous prey is primarily related to the shading and canopy cover (Dolek et al., 2009; Lemperiere \& Marage, 2010). In Gipuzkoa, black pine stands are more sun-exposed than Monterey pine and beech stands, as deduced by the average herbaceous covers (28.5, 18.6 and 12.1 \% respectively). In the Pyrenees, unmanaged patches of black pine are known to be good foraging sites (Camprodon et al., 2007).

[\textbackslash n] Overall, these differences may account for the foraging habitat use of the black woodpecker, even acknowledging the need for in-site field data to counteract the presumed high variability in determinants of foraging habitat quality (Gonz\'alez \& Villate, 2003; Pirovano \& Zecca, 2014). Being a '' generalist-forager'' species, the black woodpecker is able to exploit several forest development phases (Begehold et al., 2015) in search of the most available prey types, thriving on dead wood (arboreal ants, saproxylophagous beetles) or on alternative substrates (ground-dwelling ants). Its dependence on dead wood volume seems not to be as intense as in other European woodpeckers (Garmendia et al., 2006; Lohmus et al., 2010; Camprodon, 2013).

[\textbackslash n] As for the second hypothesis, poor reproduction may be associated to demographic issues. For instance, if a greater proportion of young, dispersing birds from the core range was present in this area of recent colonization, lower breeding output could be expected (Karvonen et al., 2012). Peripheral populations may experience continual gene flow from central parts of the range, slowing the rate of adaptation to local conditions (Kawecki, 2008; Martin \& Liebl, 2014). This kind of population can turn into demographic sinks, the persistence of which is favoured by dispersers from core areas with higher survival and reproduction (Newton, 2003). We do not have data to support or dismiss this hypothesis, but it deserves future study, because understanding demographic and spatial dynamics across central and marginal range sectors is key to determine the conservation status and perspectives of populations (Passinelli, 2006).

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  journal = {Munibe Ciencias Naturales},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13911737,biodiversity,bird-conservation,conservation,dryocopus-martius,ecology,ecosystem,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,pinus-nigra,pinus-radiata,pyrenees-region,quercus-rubra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13911737}
}

@article{fruh-muller_multifunktionale_2015,
	title = {Multifunktionale {Landschaften}: Ökosystemleistungen in {Kultur}-landschaften},
	journal = {Treffpunkt Biologische Vielfalt XV},
	author = {Früh-Müller, Andrea},
	year = {2015},
	note = {00000 
bibtex: fruhmultifunktionale},
	keywords = {biodiversity},
	pages = {95}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{hayashi_market_2015,
	title = {Market internalized value of bio-friendly agriculture: {An} evaluation of impact of stork-friendly rice production on a local economy},
	shorttitle = {Market internalized value of bio-friendly agriculture},
	url = {http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/211715/2/Hayashi-Market%20internalized%20value%20of%20bio-friendly%20agriculture-206.pdf},
	urldate = {2016-06-03TZ},
	booktitle = {2015 {Conference}, {August} 9-14, 2015, {Milan}, {Italy}},
	publisher = {International Association of Agricultural Economists},
	author = {Hayashi, Takashi and Takahashi, Yoshifumi and {others}},
	year = {2015},
	note = {00000},
	keywords = {biodiversity, japan, ricecultivation}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{maron_agree_2015,
	title = {Agree on biodiversity metrics to track from space},
	volume = {523},
	url = {http://www.geobon.org/Downloads/articles/2015/Skidmore%20et%20al.%20-%202015%20-%20Agree%20on%20biodiversity%20metrics%20to%20track%20from%20space.pdf},
	urldate = {2016-11-19TZ},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Maron, Martine and Gordon, Ascelin and Mackey, Brendan G.},
	year = {2015},
	note = {00050},
	keywords = {biodiversity, rs}
}

@article{
 title = {Open science resources for the discovery and analysis of Tara Oceans data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Biodiversity,Biooceanography,Ecological genetics,Ocean sciences,SBR_Phyto_DIPO},
 pages = {150023},
 volume = {2},
 websites = {http://www.nature.com/articles/sdata201523},
 month = {5},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 day = {26},
 id = {b14c0ea8-7524-34fc-a6c5-b4f55d62b7c7},
 created = {2015-11-02T11:41:47.000Z},
 accessed = {2015-05-31},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {9e8929f8-811d-3561-b42b-6003aef71c7c},
 group_id = {98cf6291-ef58-3f8a-a4b6-c8754044662f},
 last_modified = {2015-11-02T11:41:47.000Z},
 tags = {2015,sbr_phyto_dipo,sbr_phyto_eppo},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 language = {en},
 abstract = {The Tara Oceans expedition (2009–2013) sampled contrasting ecosystems of the world oceans, collecting environmental data and plankton, from viruses to metazoans, for later analysis using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. It surveyed 210 ecosystems in 20 biogeographic provinces, collecting over 35,000 samples of seawater and plankton. The interpretation of such an extensive collection of samples in their ecological context requires means to explore, assess and access raw and validated data sets. To address this challenge, the Tara Oceans Consortium offers open science resources, including the use of open access archives for nucleotides (ENA) and for environmental, biogeochemical, taxonomic and morphological data (PANGAEA), and the development of on line discovery tools and collaborative annotation tools for sequences and images. Here, we present an overview of Tara Oceans Data, and we provide detailed registries (data sets) of all campaigns (from port-to-port), stations and sampling events.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pesant, Stéphane and Not, Fabrice and Picheral, Marc and Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie and Le Bescot, Noan and Gorsky, Gabriel and Iudicone, Daniele and Karsenti, Eric and Speich, Sabrina and Troublé, Romain and Dimier, Céline and Searson, Sarah and Acinas, Silvia G. and Bork, Peer and Boss, Emmanuel and Bowler, Chris and De Vargas, Colomban and Follows, Michael and Grimsley, Nigel and Hingamp, Pascal and Jaillon, Olivier and Karp-Boss, Lee and Krzic, Uros and Ogata, Hiroyuki and Raes, Jeroen and Reynaud, Emmanuel G. and Sardet, Christian and Sieracki, Mike and Stemmann, Lars and Sullivan, Matthew B. and Sunagawa, Shinichi and Velayoudon, Didier and Weissenbach, Jean and Wincker, Patrick},
 journal = {Scientific Data}
}

@article{rippleCollapseWorldLargest2015,
  title = {Collapse of the World's Largest Herbivores},
  author = {Ripple, W. J. and Newsome, T. M. and Wolf, C. and Dirzo, R. and Everatt, K. T. and Galetti, M. and Hayward, M. W. and Kerley, G. I. H. and Levi, T. and Lindsey, P. A. and Macdonald, D. W. and Malhi, Y. and Painter, L. E. and Sandom, C. J. and Terborgh, J. and Van Valkenburgh, B.},
  year = {2015},
  month = may,
  volume = {1},
  pages = {e1400103},
  issn = {2375-2548},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.1400103},
  abstract = {Large wild herbivores are crucial to ecosystems and human societies. We highlight the 74 largest terrestrial herbivore species on Earth (body mass {$\geq$}100 kg), the threats they face, their important and often overlooked ecosystem effects, and the conservation efforts needed to save them and their predators from extinction. Large herbivores are generally facing dramatic population declines and range contractions, such that{\~ }60\,\% are threatened with extinction. Nearly all threatened species are in developing countries, where major threats include hunting, land-use change, and resource depression by livestock. Loss of large herbivores can have cascading effects on other species including large carnivores, scavengers, mesoherbivores, small mammals, and ecological processes involving vegetation, hydrology, nutrient cycling, and fire regimes. The rate of large herbivore decline suggests that ever-larger swaths of the world will soon lack many of the vital ecological services these animals provide, resulting in enormous ecological and social costs.},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037837,~to-add-doi-URL,conservation,ecology,ecosystem-services,global-scale,herbivory,hydrology,nutrients,vegetation,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14037837},
  number = {4}
}

@article{pacificiAssessingSpeciesVulnerability2015,
  title = {Assessing Species Vulnerability to Climate Change},
  author = {Pacifici, Michela and Foden, Wendy B. and Visconti, Piero and Watson, James E. M. and Butchart, Stuart H. M. and Kovacs, Kit M. and Scheffers, Brett R. and Hole, David G. and Martin, Tara G. and Akcakaya, H. Resit and Corlett, Richard T. and Huntley, Brian and Bickford, David and Carr, Jamie A. and Hoffmann, Ary A. and Midgley, Guy F. and {Pearce-Kelly}, Paul and Pearson, Richard G. and Williams, Stephen E. and Willis, Stephen G. and Young, Bruce and Rondinini, Carlo},
  year = {2015},
  month = mar,
  volume = {5},
  pages = {215--224},
  issn = {1758-6798},
  doi = {10.1038/nclimate2448},
  abstract = {The effects of climate change on biodiversity are increasingly well documented, and many methods have been developed to assess species' vulnerability to climatic changes, both ongoing and projected in the coming decades. To minimize global biodiversity losses, conservationists need to identify those species that are likely to be most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In this Review, we summarize different currencies used for assessing species' climate change vulnerability. We describe three main approaches used to derive these currencies (correlative, mechanistic and trait-based), and their associated data requirements, spatial and temporal scales of application and modelling methods. We identify strengths and weaknesses of the approaches and highlight the sources of uncertainty inherent in each method that limit projection reliability. Finally, we provide guidance for conservation practitioners in selecting the most appropriate approach(es) for their planning needs and highlight priority areas for further assessments.},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13527493,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,climate-change,conservation,correlative-approach,mechanistic-approach,species-vulnerability,trait-based-approach},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13527493},
  number = {3}
}

@article{buhlmannAlnusViridisExpansion2014,
  title = {Alnus Viridis Expansion Contributes to Excess Reactive Nitrogen Release, Reduces Biodiversity and Constrains Forest Succession in the {{Alps}}},
  author = {B{\"u}hlmann, Tobias and Hiltbrunner, Erika and K{\"o}rner, Christian},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {124},
  pages = {187--191},
  doi = {10.1007/s00035-014-0134-y},
  abstract = {Reduction in land use and complete land abandonment are widespread in mountainous regions and are mainly driven by socio-economic factors. Following land-use decline, shrubs and trees expand rapidly into montane and subalpine grassland and alter ecosystem properties at a large scale. In particular, the N2-fixing shrub Alnus viridis is currently spreading at a breath-taking speed and thereby reduces biodiversity, leads to substantial reactive nitrogen enrichment and suppresses species succession towards coniferous forests across large areas in the Alps. In addition, this shrub vegetation neither protects against avalanches nor does it secure slopes from erosion. The expanding, monotonous A. viridis shrubland is impenetrable for hikers and diminishes scenic beauty and touristic value of the landscape. Actions and management adaptations are needed to halt the expansion of A. viridis. Goats and the traditional sheep breed Engadine sheep proved to be very effective in preventing and reverting shrub expansion because of their specific browsing behaviour.},
  journal = {Alpine Botany},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13488323,alnus-viridis,alpine-region,biodiversity,green-alder,nitrogen,succession},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13488323},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@ARTICLE{JPE:JPE12261,
  author = {Pettorelli, Nathalie and Laurance, William F. and O'Brien, Timothy
	G. and Wegmann, Martin and Nagendra, Harini and Turner, Woody},
  title = {Satellite remote sensing for applied ecologists: opportunities and
	challenges},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {41},
  pages = {839-848},
  doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12261},
  issn = {1365-2664},
  keywords = {Technology, Wildlife Management, Environmental Management, Earth Observations,
	Natural Capital, Sensor, Biodiversity},
  owner = {Tiago Marques},
  timestamp = {2014.04.09},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12261}
}

@article{sloanRemainingNaturalVegetation2014,
  title = {Remaining Natural Vegetation in the Global Biodiversity Hotspots},
  author = {Sloan, Sean and Jenkins, Clinton N. and Joppa, Lucas N. and Gaveau, David L. A. and Laurance, William F.},
  year = {2014},
  month = sep,
  volume = {177},
  pages = {12--24},
  issn = {0006-3207},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2014.05.027},
  abstract = {[Highlights]

[::] We estimate the area of natural intact vegetation in the global biodiversity hotspots. [::] Natural intact vegetation spans 3,545,975 km2, or 14.9\,\% of its original extent. [::] Hotspots previously considered most intact suffered greatest downward adjustments. [::] Natural intact vegetation area is critical ({$<$}10\%) in 6 of 12 biomes in the hotspots. [::] Natural intact vegetation is marketed more fragmented when {$<$}10\,\% of hotspot area.

[Abstract]

The biodiversity hotspots are 35 biogeographical regions that have both exceptional endemism and extreme threats to their vegetation integrity, and as such are global conservation priorities. Nonetheless, prior estimates of natural intact vegetation (NIV) in the hotspots are generally imprecise, indirect, coarse, and/or dated. Using moderate- and high-resolution satellite imagery as well as maps of roads, settlements, and fires, we estimate the current extent of NIV for the hotspots. Our analysis indicates that hotspots retain 14.9\,\% of their total area as NIV ({$\sim$}3,546,975 km2). Most hotspots have much less NIV than previously estimated, with half now having {$\leqslant$}10\,\% NIV by area, a threshold beneath which mean NIV patch area declines precipitously below 1000 ha. Hotspots with the greatest previous NIV estimates suffered the greatest apparent losses. The paucity of NIV is most pronounced in biomes dominated by dry forests, open woodlands, and grasslands, reflecting their historic affinities with agriculture, such that NIV tends to concentrate in select biomes. Low and declining levels of NIV in the hotspots underscore the need for an urgent focus of limited conservation resources on these biologically crucial regions.},
  journal = {Biological Conservation},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13268307,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,biodiversity-hotspot,conservation,forest-resources,global-scale,habitat-conservation,hotspot,vegetation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13268307}
}

@article{machovinaTakingBiteOut2014,
  title = {Taking a Bite out of Biodiversity},
  author = {Machovina, Brian and Feeley, Kenneth J.},
  year = {2014},
  month = feb,
  volume = {343},
  pages = {838},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.343.6173.838-a},
  abstract = {[excerpt] In the Review '' Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores'' (10 January, DOI: 10.1126/science.1241484), W. J. Ripple et al. claim that meat consumption by humans is one of many threats to carnivores and biodiversity. We argue that human carnivory is in fact the single greatest threat to overall biodiversity. Livestock production accounts for up to 75\,\% of all agricultural lands and 30\,\% of Earth's land surface, making it the single largest anthropogenic land use. Meat and feedstock production is rapidly rising in biodiversity-rich developing countries. [...] Substituting meat with soy protein could reduce total human biomass appropriation in 2050 by 94\,\% below 2000 baseline levels and greatly reduce other environmental impacts related to use of water, fertilizer, fossil fuel, and biocides. [...] We argue that reducing and maintaining animal products to even 10\,\% of the global human diet would enable the future global population to be fed on just the current area of agricultural lands. [...]},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13056490,~to-add-doi-URL,agricultural-land,agricultural-policy,agricultural-resources,biodiversity,carnivores,environment-society-economy,food-security,global-scale,land-use,scenario-analysis},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13056490},
  number = {6173}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{houghton_identifying_2014,
	title = {Identifying new pathways for ocean governance: {The} role of legal principles in areas beyond national jurisdiction},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0308-597X},
	shorttitle = {Identifying new pathways for ocean governance},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X14001298},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2014.04.007},
	abstract = {This paper seeks to illustrate the role of principles in an emerging regime for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). While certainly not a standalone solution for a complex issue, principles nonetheless serve an essential function in regime-building, bridging legal and governance processes to identify new ways forward. Given the fundamental questions of international law at hand – the restriction of the freedoms of the high seas, the nature of UNCLOS as a “living instrument” and the need to engage in innovative practice spanning law and governance – it comes as no surprise that discussions on the future of ABNJ have been highly polarized. Principles offer points of convergence to address both the “regulatory gaps” and “implementation gaps” identified and serve the structural needs of both law and governance to produce dynamic change in the protection of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. Through their function as precursors to rules, principles prepare a common space for the emergence of a regime and give it a set of mechanisms through which it can strengthen its connections to the diversity of instruments and institutions involved in addressing a multifaceted problem. A statement of principles to strengthen the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ – many of which constitute customary international law – would therefore be a logical and constructive next step in this on-going process.},
	urldate = {2014-06-25},
	journal = {Marine Policy},
	author = {Houghton, Katherine},
	month = nov,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Areas beyond national jurisdiction, BBNJ Working Group, Biodiversity, High seas, Legal principles, UNCLOS},
	pages = {118--126},
	file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:files/49310/Houghton - 2014 - Identifying new pathways for ocean governance The.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:files/49311/S0308597X14001298.html:text/html}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@techreport{ citeulike:13234981,
  abstract = {In Estreguil et al. (Environ Modell Softw 52, 176-191, 2014), an integrated modelling framework is proposed to characterise habitat pattern. The modelling approach is there exemplified by deriving a set of twelve indices aggregated into four categories: general landscape composition, habitat morphology, edge interface and connectivity. The easy and reproducible computability is ensured with the integrated use of publicly available software ({GUIDOS} free-download software, Conefor free software) and of newly programmed tools. A statistical analysis is then conducted using classical linear correlation and nonlinear Brownian Distance Correlation (Mastrave free software modelling library) as an alternative to traditional dimensionality-reduction techniques and with an effort towards reusability in other contexts and reproducible research, by means of concise semantic array programming codelets. Here, a reasoned set of materials and methods is presented to complement that proposal. Supplementary tables and figures are provided as well as the dataset of indices used in the analyses, the detailed mathematical formulation of landscape indices and concise semantic array programming codelets to reproduce the statistical computations. This extended version of the supplementary materials of Estreguil et al. (2014) provides a more articulated presentation of the original content with an enriched bibliographic apparatus.},
  author = {Estreguil, Christine and de Rigo, Daniele and Caudullo, Giovanni},
  citeulike-article-id = {13234981},
  citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://mastrave.org/bib/Estreguil_etal_EMSsuppl_2014.pdf},
  keywords = {biodiversity, codelet, connectivity, data-transformation-codelets, data-transformation-modelling, dimensionality-reduction, distance-correlation, environmental-modelling, forest-resources, fragmentation, free-scientific-software, free-software, geospatial-semantic-array-programming, habitat-availability, indices, integrated-modelling, integration-techniques, landscape-modelling, mastrave-modelling-library, non-linearity, nonadditive-measures, nonlinear-correlation, reproducible-research, robust-modelling, semantic-array-programming, spatial-pattern, statistics},
  note = {(Extended version of the supplementary materials as published in Environmental Modelling \& Software 52, 176-191, DOI:10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.011)},
  posted-at = {2014-06-20 17:06:13},
  priority = {2},
  title = {Supplementary materials for: a proposal for an integrated modelling framework to characterise habitat pattern},
  url = {http://mastrave.org/bib/Estreguil_etal_EMSsuppl_2014.pdf},
  year = {2014}
}

@article{ellisonPoliticalBordersShould2014,
  title = {Political Borders Should Not Hamper Wildlife},
  author = {Ellison, Aaron M.},
  year = {2014},
  month = apr,
  volume = {508},
  pages = {9},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/508009a},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Given the lack of global legislation, nations should work hard to establish cross-border protections for vulnerable species, says Aaron M. Ellison. [...] Conservation biologists have repeatedly called for global, or at least cross-border, systems of protected areas. Long-standing international treaties, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), make similar pronouncements. But although the CBD has guidelines and suggestions for the conservation of biological diversity, it provides no legal protection for threatened or endangered species. And even if the CBD could be given regulatory power, every time a new country is formed, treaties have to be reopened, renegotiated and re-ratified; history suggests that the result tends to be new treaties or laws with more exceptions and weaker protections. [...]},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13125280,anthropogenic-impacts,biodiversity,legislation,protection,science-policy-interface,transboundary-effects},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13125280},
  number = {7494}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@book{secretariat_cbd_global_2014,
	address = {Montreal, Quebec},
	title = {Global biodiversity outlook 4: {A} mid-term assessment of progress towards the implementation of the {Strategic} {Plan} for {Biodiversity} 2011-2020},
	isbn = {92-9225-540-1},
	url = {https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity},
	editor = {Secretariat CBD},
	year = {2014},
	note = {OCLC: ocn636152283},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, Biodiversity conservation, Convention on Biological Diversity, International cooperation, Law and legislation}
}

@ARTICLE{Monastersky2014,
  author = {Richard Monastersky},
  title = {Biodiversity: Life - a status report},
  journal = {Nature},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {516},
  pages = {158–161},
  doi = {10.1038/516158a},
  file = {:Monastersky2014.pdf:PDF;a nice graphic:Monastersky2014graphic.pdf:PDF},
  owner = {Tiago Marques},
  timestamp = {2014.12.11}
}

@article{pilotGeneticVariabilityGrey2014,
  title = {Genetic Variability of the Grey Wolf {{Canis}} Lupus in the {{Caucasus}} in Comparison with {{Europe}} and the {{Middle East}}: Distinct or Intermediary Population?},
  author = {Pilot, Ma{\l}gorzata and D{\k{a}}browski, Micha{\l} J. and Hayrapetyan, Vahram and Yavruyan, Eduard G. and Kopaliani, Natia and Tsingarska, Elena and Bujalska, Barbara and Kami{\'n}ski, Stanis{\l}aw and Bogdanowicz, Wies{\l}aw},
  year = {2014},
  month = apr,
  volume = {9},
  pages = {e93828+},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0093828},
  abstract = {Despite continuous historical distribution of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) throughout Eurasia, the species displays considerable morphological differentiation that resulted in delimitation of a number of subspecies. However, these morphological discontinuities are not always consistent with patterns of genetic differentiation. Here we assess genetic distinctiveness of grey wolves from the Caucasus (a region at the border between Europe and West Asia) that have been classified as a distinct subspecies C. l. cubanensis. We analysed their genetic variability based on mtDNA control region, microsatellite loci and genome-wide SNP genotypes (obtained for a subset of the samples), and found similar or higher levels of genetic diversity at all these types of loci as compared with other Eurasian populations. Although we found no evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck, genome-wide linkage disequilibrium patterns suggest a long-term demographic decline in the Caucasian population - a trend consistent with other Eurasian populations. Caucasian wolves share mtDNA haplotypes with both Eastern European and West Asian wolves, suggesting past or ongoing gene flow. Microsatellite data also suggest gene flow between the Caucasus and Eastern Europe. We found evidence for moderate admixture between the Caucasian wolves and domestic dogs, at a level comparable with other Eurasian populations. Taken together, our results show that Caucasian wolves are not genetically isolated from other Eurasian populations, share with them the same demographic trends, and are affected by similar conservation problems.},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037444,~to-add-doi-URL,asia,biodiversity,canis-lupus,carnivores,caucasus,europe,featured-publication,genetic-variability,middle-east,russia,species-distribution,turkey},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14037444},
  number = {4}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{chavari_records_2014,
	title = {Records of {Spiders} ({Arachnida}: {Araneae}) of the {Parque} {Estadual} {Mata} {São} {Francisco}, {Paraná}, {Brazil}},
	volume = {10},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2014 Journal and Author},
	issn = {1809-127X},
	shorttitle = {Records of {Spiders} ({Arachnida}},
	url = {http://biotaxa.org/cl/article/view/10.6.1435},
	doi = {10.15560/10.6.1435},
	abstract = {A list of spider species recorded from the Parque Estadual Mata São Francisco, Paraná, Brazil was compiled based on 7,942 specimens, of which 2,872 are adults (36.15\%) and 5,071 are juveniles (63.85\%). Adults were identified as belonging to 45 families, 140 genera and 209 species and morphospecies (101 nominal species and 108 morphotypes). Forty-one species were recorded for the first time from the state of Paraná, most of them belonging to Araneidae (14), Oonopidae (4), Theridiidae (4), and Uloboridae (3). Conifaber guarani Grismado, 2004 and Oonops nigromaculatus Mello- Leitão, 1944 were recorded for the first time from Brazil. These results place Paraná as the sixth state with the highest number of records of spiders from Brazil, currently 465 species. This study increases in 10\% the number of species recorded from Paraná, and the Atlantic Forest fragment becomes one of the most well sampled areas in the state, with 20\% of all known species in Paraná.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2016-12-17TZ},
	journal = {Check List},
	author = {Chavari, João Lucas and Cipola, Nikolas Gioia and Brescovit, Antonio Domingos},
	month = dec,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Atlantic Forest, Biodiversity, Brazil, Neotropical, Paraná, inventory, spiders},
	pages = {1435--1444}
}

@article{seiwaLandslidefacilitatedSpeciesDiversity2013,
  title = {Landslide-Facilitated Species Diversity in a Beech-Dominant Forest},
  author = {Seiwa, Kenji and Miwa, Yoshiko and Akasaka, Shigetoshi and Kanno, Hiroshi and Tomita, Mizuki and Saitoh, Tomoyuki and Ueno, Naoto and Kimura, Megumi and Hasegawa, Yoichi and Konno, Miki and Masaka, Kazuhiko},
  year = {2013},
  month = nov,
  volume = {28},
  pages = {29--41},
  issn = {0912-3814},
  doi = {10.1007/s11284-012-0996-7},
  abstract = {To evaluate the extent to which landslides affect community dynamics and consequent species diversity in a beech-dominated forest, differences in the composition and size structure of tree species were compared between landslide and adjacent stable (control) stands. Demography and changes in size were compared between the two stands over a 5-year period about 60 years after a landslide. In the control stand, replacement occurred even amongst late-successional species, with beech ( Fagus crenata ) -- the most dominant species -- increasing in relative abundance. In the landslide stand, very few large individuals of late-successional species occurred, whereas large individuals of early-successional species occurred only in the landslide stand. The traits indicate that the landslide strongly facilitated species diversity, not only by reducing the dominance of late-successional species, but also by promoting recruitment of early-successional species. However, new recruitment of early-successional species was inhibited in the landslide stand, although we observed succeeding regeneration and subsequent population growth of late-successional species there. As a result, the relative dominance of late-successional species increased with succession after the landslide, thus decreasing future species diversity. In beech-dominant forest landscapes in Japan that include communities with different developmental stages, the mosaic of serial stages may facilitate species diversity after a landslide.},
  journal = {Ecological Research},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11682676,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,disturbances,diversity,fagus-crenata,forest-resources,forest-succession,japan,landslides,species-richness},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11682676},
  number = {1}
}

@article{redpathUnderstandingManagingConservation2013,
  title = {Understanding and Managing Conservation Conflicts},
  author = {Redpath, Steve M. and Young, Juliette and Evely, Anna and Adams, William M. and Sutherland, William J. and Whitehouse, Andrew and Amar, Arjun and Lambert, Robert A. and Linnell, John D. C. and Watt, Allan and Guti{\'e}rrez, R. J.},
  year = {2013},
  month = feb,
  volume = {28},
  pages = {100--109},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2012.08.021},
  abstract = {Conservation conflicts are increasing and need to be managed to minimise negative impacts on biodiversity, human livelihoods, and human well-being. Here, we explore strategies and case studies that highlight the long-term, dynamic nature of conflicts and the challenges to their management. Conflict management requires parties to recognise problems as shared ones, and engage with clear goals, a transparent evidence base, and an awareness of trade-offs. We hypothesise that conservation outcomes will be less durable when conservationists assert their interests to the detriment of others. Effective conflict management and long-term conservation benefit will be enhanced by better integration of the underpinning social context with the material impacts and evaluation of the efficacy of alternative conflict management approaches.},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11400879,biodiversity,conflicts,conservation,decision-making-procedure,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,multiauthor,science-policy-interface},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11400879},
  number = {2}
}

@article{duguidMetaanalysisEffectForest2013,
  title = {A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Forest Management for Timber on Understory Plant Species Diversity in Temperate Forests},
  author = {Duguid, Marlyse C. and Ashton, Mark S.},
  year = {2013},
  month = sep,
  volume = {303},
  pages = {81--90},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.009},
  abstract = {[Highlights]

[::] We synthesized data from 100 studies to examine understory response to forest harvesting.

[::] Across all studies there was no significant effect from timber harvesting on understory richness.

[::] Selection harvesting had a positive effect on understory species richness.

[::] Even-aged silvicultural treatments showed effects after 50 years or more, while early successional stages did not.

[::] Thinning treatments had no effect on understory richness.

[Abstract]

Many studies have examined affects of forest management -- particularly regeneration treatments -- for timber on understory plant diversity. These studies taken independently show no clear trends in diversity with degree and/or periodicity of disturbance from timber harvests. Here we present a meta-analysis synthesizing primary field research on response of understory plant diversity to timber harvesting in temperate forests, particularly in North America. Across a pool of 96 studies, we find no effect on understory plant species richness from managing forests for timber. When intensive regeneration harvests (e.g. clearcut, shelterwood) are separated from less intensive regeneration harvests (e.g. single tree and group selection systems) and thinnings, selection harvests show a positive effect on species richness. Intensive regeneration harvests and thinning treatments had no effect on species richness. We examined the role of stand development following regeneration treatments, and found no detectable effects on species richness for even-aged stands within the first 50 years after clearcut and shelterwood timber harvests. Stands in later successional stages, however, had lower species richness than un-logged stands. All these findings together suggest that silvicultural activities focused toward timber management are not inconsistent with conservation of understory plant diversity. We suggest site-specific characteristics (e.g. resource availability, resource heterogeneity) at various temporal and spatial scales, have a larger role to play in defining understory plant diversity than the disturbance of harvesting itself. Managers therefore should consider underlying factors of site and species composition, and should examine regionally specific studies when planning silvicultural treatments. In addition, it should be noted that our analysis makes no distinction in classifying the nature of diversity, especially between colonizing early-successional species that peak after 1-10 years and then disappear, and late successional, often more site specific and shade tolerant species, that may persist post harvest but often disappear or retract in their range and abundance. Further studies are needed to tease out differences in diversity in relation to successional stage and affects of forest management.

[Excerpt:Meta-analysis]

Firstly, across all studies, irrespective of silvicultural treatment (clearcut, shelterwood, selection, thinning) or successional stage, timber harvesting had no clear influence on understory plant richness [...]. The effect size measure by the response ratio indicates a slight increase of 4.9\,\% [...] in understory species diversity under forest management as compared to unmanaged, but this increase is not significant [...]

[\textbackslash n] Secondly, the only silvicultural treatment with a positive effect on understory richness was selection [...], with a 30\,\% [...] increase in understory plant diversity as calculated by the response ratio. Both even-aged regeneration methods (clearcut, shelterwood) [...] and thinning [...] had no significant effects detected. Studies within each treatment category, however, showed considerable variation with positive, negative, or no significant difference [...]

[\textbackslash n] Lastly, when we included the grouping factor of successional stage within the even-aged regeneration methods we found stands in later successional stages had lower species richness than unharvested controls [...], a 28.4\,\% decrease [...] in understory species richness from the controls. [...]

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14068436,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,diversity,forest-management,forest-resources,species-richness,temperate-forests,understorey},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14068436}
}

@article{finlayHumanInfluencesNitrogen2013,
  title = {Human Influences on Nitrogen Removal in Lakes},
  author = {Finlay, Jacques C. and Small, Gaston E. and Sterner, Robert W.},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {342},
  pages = {247--250},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1242575},
  abstract = {The negative consequences of increased loading of nitrogen and phosphorus into aquatic ecosystems are well known. Management strategies aimed at reducing the sources of these excess nutrients, such as fertilizer runoff or sewage outflows, can largely mitigate the increases in nitrogen and phosphorus levels; however, it is unclear if these strategies are influencing other spects of these ecosystems. Using a global lake data set, Finlay et al. (p. 247; see the Perspective by Bernhardt) found that reducing phosphorus inputs reduced a lake's ability to export reactive nitrogen, exacerbating nitrate pollution. Human activities have increased the availability of reactive nitrogen in many ecosystems, leading to negative impacts on human health, biodiversity, and water quality. Freshwater ecosystems, including lakes, streams, and wetlands, are a large global sink for reactive nitrogen, but factors that determine the efficacy of freshwater nitrogen removal rates are poorly known. Using a global lake data set, we show that the availability of phosphorus, a limiting nutrient, affects both annual nitrogen removal rate and efficiency. This result indicates that increased phosphorus inputs from human activities have stimulated nitrogen removal processes in many lakes. Recent management-driven reductions in phosphorus availability promote water column accumulation and export of nitrogen from large lakes, an unintended consequence of single-element management that argues for greater control of nitrogen as well as phosphorus sources.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14007212,biodiversity,complexity,ecosystem,human-health,multiplicity,nitrogen,phosphorus,water-quality,water-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14007212},
  number = {6155}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Hyperdominance in the Amazonian tree flora.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Biodiversity,Biological,Models,Population,Rivers,South America,Trees,Trees: classification,Trees: physiology},
 pages = {1243092},
 volume = {342},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136971},
 id = {0915374c-9046-3b69-88d9-505348d9e772},
 created = {2015-11-09T21:21:10.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {81af7548-db00-3f00-bfa0-1774347c59e1},
 group_id = {63e349d6-2c70-3938-9e67-2f6483f6cbab},
 last_modified = {2015-12-10T23:35:48.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The vast extent of the Amazon Basin has historically restricted the study of its tree communities to the local and regional scales. Here, we provide empirical data on the commonness, rarity, and richness of lowland tree species across the entire Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), collected in 1170 tree plots in all major forest types. Extrapolations suggest that Amazonia harbors roughly 16,000 tree species, of which just 227 (1.4%) account for half of all trees. Most of these are habitat specialists and only dominant in one or two regions of the basin. We discuss some implications of the finding that a small group of species--less diverse than the North American tree flora--accounts for half of the world's most diverse tree community.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {ter Steege, Hans and Pitman, Nigel C a and Sabatier, Daniel and Baraloto, Christopher and Salomão, Rafael P and Guevara, Juan Ernesto and Phillips, Oliver L and Castilho, Carolina V and Magnusson, William E and Molino, Jean-François and Monteagudo, Abel and Núñez Vargas, Percy and Montero, Juan Carlos and Feldpausch, Ted R and Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio and Killeen, Tim J and Mostacedo, Bonifacio and Vasquez, Rodolfo and Assis, Rafael L and Terborgh, John and Wittmann, Florian and Andrade, Ana and Laurance, William F and Laurance, Susan G W and Marimon, Beatriz S Ben-Hur and Marimon, Beatriz S Ben-Hur and Guimarães Vieira, Ima Célia and Amaral, Iêda Leão and Brienen, Roel and Castellanos, Hernán and Cárdenas López, Dairon and Duivenvoorden, Joost F and Mogollón, Hugo F and Matos, Francisca Dionízia De Almeida and Dávila, Nállarett and García-Villacorta, Roosevelt and Stevenson Diaz, Pablo Roberto and Costa, Flávia and Emilio, Thaise and Levis, Carolina and Schietti, Juliana and Souza, Priscila and Alonso, Alfonso and Dallmeier, Francisco and Montoya, Alvaro Javier Duque and Fernandez Piedade, Maria Teresa and Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro and Arroyo, Luzmila and Gribel, Rogerio and Fine, Paul V a and Peres, Carlos a and Toledo, Marisol and Aymard C, Gerardo a and Baker, Tim R and Cerón, Carlos and Engel, Julien and Henkel, Terry W and Maas, Paul and Petronelli, Pascal and Stropp, Juliana and Zartman, Charles Eugene and Daly, Doug and Neill, David and Silveira, Marcos and Paredes, Marcos Ríos and Chave, Jerome and Lima Filho, Diógenes De Andrade and Jørgensen, Peter Møller and Fuentes, Alfredo and Schöngart, Jochen and Cornejo Valverde, Fernando and Di Fiore, Anthony and Jimenez, Eliana M and Peñuela Mora, Maria Cristina and Phillips, Juan Fernando and Rivas, Gonzalo and van Andel, Tinde R and von Hildebrand, Patricio and Hoffman, Bruce and Zent, Eglée L and Malhi, Yadvinder and Prieto, Adriana and Rudas, Agustín and Ruschell, Ademir R and Silva, Natalino and Vos, Vincent and Zent, Stanford and Oliveira, Alexandre a and Schutz, Angela Cano and Gonzales, Therany and Trindade Nascimento, Marcelo and Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma and Sierra, Rodrigo and Tirado, Milton and Umaña Medina, María Natalia and van der Heijden, Geertje and Vela, César I a and Vilanova Torre, Emilio and Vriesendorp, Corine and Wang, Ophelia and Young, Kenneth R and Baider, Claudia and Balslev, Henrik and Ferreira, Cid and Mesones, Italo and Torres-Lezama, Armando and Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela and Zagt, Roderick and Alexiades, Miguel N and Hernandez, Lionel and Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau and Milliken, William and Palacios Cuenca, Walter and Pauletto, Daniela and Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis and Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis and Dexter, Kyle G and Feeley, Ken and Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela and Silman, Miles R},
 journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
 number = {6156}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The maturation of biodiversity as a global social–ecological issue and implications for future biodiversity science and policy},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {Biodiversity,Governance,Human dimensions,Social–ecological systems future transformations},
 pages = {41-49},
 volume = {46},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328712001966},
 id = {dc718ed6-268b-39fc-9c15-8ba0a618d567},
 created = {2013-09-25T07:16:07.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-09-25},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hill2013b},
 abstract = {Achieving the future targets for 2020 under the Convention on Biological Diversity, including that to halve the rate of habitat loss, will require rapid transformation to more effective governance. We present a global analysis of the transformative pathway of biodiversity using the social maturation framework of issue progression through six phases: Observation, Theorization, Popularization, Challenge, Governance and Normalization. Biodiversity is currently caught at a critical juncture between the Challenge and Governance phases. Movement from the Popularization to Challenge phase around 1990 occurred with intensified public discourse about biodiversity. The ongoing decline in biodiversity could be expected to trigger public concern and movement into the Governance phase, but this has not yet occurred. We hypothesize that benefits from expansion of the human ecological footprint acting in the opposite direction to biodiversity decline dampen system response. This dampening limits resolution of key debates and societal consensus about incorporating biodiversity into legislative and market systems. High quality independent science that connects with public discourse is needed to mobilize decision-makers at multiple scales. Ensuring the new Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) connects to non-government actors who catalyze issue-based social discord about biodiversity risks would help ensure future governance and normative responses.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hill, Rosemary and Halamish, Eyal and Gordon, Iain J. and Clark, Megan},
 journal = {Futures}
}

Website  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Diet and trophic niche of Lithobates catesbeianus (Amphibia: Anura)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {and environmental problems because,biodiversity,biological invasion,biological invasions are recognized,bullfrog,on the economy and,predation,the most complex social,they have negative impacts,worldwide as one of},
 pages = {405-412},
 volume = {29},
 websites = {http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702012000500003&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en},
 month = {10},
 id = {ab97cd0a-757e-3bd3-8004-48310eb3c1e8},
 created = {2014-11-12T15:36:49.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-07-18},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {e77fd8b5-61ed-3cb6-9a8d-ead8c87a9123},
 group_id = {886a50df-fbf3-30e6-9d6b-6771e376eacf},
 last_modified = {2015-08-21T02:37:33.000Z},
 tags = {Lithobates catesbeianus},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Leivas, Peterson T. and Leivas, Fernando W. T. and Moura, Maurício O.},
 journal = {Zoologia (Curitiba)},
 number = {5}
}

@article{wangEffectsPlantSpecies2012,
  title = {Effects of Plant Species Diversity on Soil Conservation and Stability in the Secondary Succession Phases of a Semihumid Evergreen Broadleaf Forest in {{China}}},
  author = {Wang, Z. and Hou, Y. and Fang, Hong and Yu, D. and Zhang, M. and Xu, C. and Chen, M. and Sun, L.},
  year = {2012},
  month = jul,
  volume = {67},
  pages = {311--320},
  issn = {1941-3300},
  doi = {10.2489/jswc.67.4.311},
  abstract = {One of the most studied aspects of ecosystems in recent years has been the relationship between plant species diversity and ecosystem functions; however, the relationship with one such ecosystem function, soil conservation, has been less well studied. We established forest plots in the secondary succession phases of a semihumid evergreen broadleaf forest in China. The plots differed in plant species richness but had otherwise similar soil-erosion factors, observed surface runoff, sediment, and total phosphorus (P) loss. We analyzed the relationship between plant diversity and soil conservation and stability. Results indicated that the frequency and volume of surface runoff, sediment, and total P loss in the test plots, as well as their CV (coefficients of variation), present significant negative correlations with increasing species richness. The plot with the lowest richness in Yunnan pine, African boxwood, and running mountaingrass (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis, Myrsine africana, and Oplismenus compositus [APMO]) yielded the highest runoff rates, with runoff occurring a total of 77 times: 23, 32, and 22 times in 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. The average values for surface runoff, sediment, and total P loss over the three-year study period were, respectively, 960.20 m3 ha-1 y-1 (13.72 thousand ft3 ac-1 yr-1), 11.40 t ha-1 y-1 (4.54 tn ac-1 yr-1), and 127.69 kg ha-1 y-1 (113.82 lb ac-1 yr-1). The CV values for the three parameters were, respectively, 287.6, 534.21, and 315.47. However, in the plot with the highest richness in a native oak species, Evelyn keteleeria, and a species of viola (Ass. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides, Keteleeria evelyniana, and Viola duelouxii [ACKV]), surface runoff only occurred 9 times: 2, 4, and 3 times, respectively in the three years. The average values for surface runoff, sediment, and total P loss were 75.55 m3 ha-1 y-1 (1.08 thousand ft3 ac-1 yr-1), 0.28 t ha-1 y-1 (0.11 tn ac-1 yr-1), and 4.71 kg ha-1 y-1 (4.20 lb ac-1 yr-1). The CV values for the three parameters were, respectively, 57.93, 187.94, and 59.2. Plant density increased linearly in herb, shrub, and tree layers with increasing plant species richness, whereas plant cover increased logarithmically. Plant species diversity can enhance soil conservation, but this effect was comparatively weak relative to the contributions of plant cover and density to soil conservation. Plant species diversity increases plant density and cover in the local community, indirectly regulating and enhancing soil conservation. Competition and niche theories can explain, to some extent, the increases in plant density and cover. Our results challenge the view of a negative relationship between plant species diversity and productivity.},
  journal = {Journal of Soil and Water Conservation},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13175880,biodiversity,broadleaved,china,forest-resources,protection,soil-erosion,soil-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13175880},
  number = {4}
}

@article{sitziaPlantSpeciesDiversity2012,
  title = {Plant Species Diversity in Alien Black Locust Stands: {{A}} Paired Comparison with Native Stands across a North-{{Mediterranean}} Range Expansion},
  author = {Sitzia, Tommaso and Campagnaro, Thomas and Dainese, Matteo and Cierjacks, Arne},
  year = {2012},
  month = dec,
  volume = {285},
  pages = {85--91},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.016},
  abstract = {Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a widespread alien tree species commonly thought to influence plant assemblages. The aim of this study was to compare the plant diversity between black locust and native recent secondary stands within the European Mediterranean Mountains environmental zone. Spontaneous reforestation was detected by comparing historical aerial photographs and the most recent images. Distributed throughout a 2700~km2 hilly and piedmont area, 32 black locust and 32 paired native stands were selected and all vascular plant species were surveyed in a 100~m2 area. Analyses of the \^I{$\pm$} and \^I{$^2$}-diversity were performed separately for six identified plant groups. Despite a clear difference in the tree diversity between the black locust and native recent secondary stands and a homogenisation of the tree layer by the black locust stands, we found only inconsistent hints for homogenisation of the ground-layer vegetation by the black locust stands. There is no evidence to suggest that the presence of black locust in recent secondary stands plays a major role in shaping the diversity of the understory plant groups compared to native stands. \^a–\textordmasculine{} A regional sample of 64 alien vs. native pairs of tree communities were surveyed. \^a–\textordmasculine{} Black locust negatively influenced \^I{$\pm$} and \^I{$^2$} tree species diversity. \^a–\textordmasculine{} Compared to native stands, black locust influence on understory was negligible. \^a–\textordmasculine{} Black locust had a slight homogenisation effect on ground-layer species abundance.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11265007,biodiversity,climate-change,forest-resources,invasive-species,mediterranean-region,robinia-pseudoacacia},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11265007}
}

@article{urbanCrucialStepRealism2012,
  title = {A Crucial Step toward Realism: Responses to Climate Change from an Evolving Metacommunity Perspective},
  author = {Urban, Mark C. and De Meester, Luc and Vellend, Mark and Stoks, Robby and Vanoverbeke, Joost},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {154--167},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00208.x},
  abstract = {We need to understand joint ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change to predict future threats to biological diversity. The 'evolving metacommunity' framework emphasizes that interactions between ecological and evolutionary mechanisms at both local and regional scales will drive community dynamics during climate change. Theory suggests that ecological and evolutionary dynamics often interact to produce outcomes different from those predicted based on either mechanism alone. We highlight two of these dynamics: (i) species interactions prevent adaptation of nonresident species to new niches and (ii) resident species adapt to changing climates and thereby prevent colonization by nonresident species. The rate of environmental change, level of genetic variation, source-sink structure, and dispersal rates mediate between these potential outcomes. Future models should evaluate multiple species, species interactions other than competition, and multiple traits. Future experiments should manipulate factors such as genetic variation and dispersal to determine their joint effects on responses to climate change. Currently, we know much more about how climates will change across the globe than about how species will respond to these changes despite the profound effects these changes will have on global biological diversity. Integrating evolving metacommunity perspectives into climate change biology should produce more accurate predictions about future changes to species distributions and extinction threats.},
  journal = {Evolutionary Applications},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11620871,biodiversity,climate-change,complexity,ecology,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,local-over-complication,non-linearity,transdisciplinary-research},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11620871},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  Website  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Patterns and controlling factors of species diversity in the Arctic Ocean},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {arctic ocean,biodiversity,correspondence and present address,deep sea,depth diversity gradients,ecosystem,latitudinal diversity gradients,macroecology,meiobenthos,moriaki,shallow marine},
 pages = {no-no},
 websites = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02758.x},
 month = {8},
 day = {17},
 id = {1e7c7568-3ba5-300f-a0ac-f159e566653a},
 created = {2012-10-01T18:01:24.000Z},
 accessed = {2012-08-21},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yasuhara2012},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yasuhara, Moriaki and Hunt, Gene and van Dijken, Gert and Arrigo, Kevin R. and Cronin, Thomas M. and Wollenburg, Jutta E.},
 journal = {Journal of Biogeography}
}

@incollection{chiriciHarmonizationTests2011,
  title = {Harmonization Tests},
  booktitle = {National Forest Inventories: Contributions to Forest Biodiversity Assessments},
  author = {Chirici, Gherardo and McRoberts, Ronald E. and Winter, Susanne and Barbati, Anna and Br{\"a}ndli, Urs-Beat and Abegg, Meinrad and Beranova, Jana and Rondeux, Jacques and Bertini, Roberta and Alberdi Asensio, Iciar and Cond{\'e}s, Sonia},
  editor = {Chirici, Gherardo and Winter, Susanne and McRoberts, Ronald E.},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {121--190},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  issn = {1568-1319},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4\\_5},
  abstract = {Chapter 5 reports the results of testing the proposed procedures for harmonizing estimates of indicators for six of the seven essential features of forest biodiversity. Twenty indicators were tested using data from the common database.In general, positive results were obtained for forest categories, forest structure, forest age, deadwood, and naturalness; the results were less positive for ground vegetation because of the considerable differences in definitions and data acquisition methods. Of importance is, that the test focused on assessing harmonization procedures rather than on producing comprehensive estimates for particular countries or forest categories.},
  isbn = {978-94-007-0482-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14249004,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,europe,forest-inventories,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14249004},
  series = {Managing {{Forest Ecosystems}}}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{lemieux_prospects_2011,
	title = {Prospects for {Canada}'s protected areas in an era of rapid climate change},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0264-8377},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837711000299},
	doi = {16/j.landusepol.2011.03.008},
	abstract = {{\textless}p{\textgreater}{\textless}br/{\textgreater}Given the known and potential impacts of climate change on ecosystem composition, structure, and function, some recent studies question the efficacy and relevancy of current protected area policies and management objectives. For example, in a rapidly changing climate is it practical to continue to identify and protect [`]representative' samples of the natural heritage estate? This paper examines a number of climate-related issues that now confront agencies and organizations responsible for the protection of natural heritage areas, including the roles of protected areas, representation targets, ecological integrity, protected area design, management techniques, research and monitoring needs, and agency capacity to respond. Potential avenues for adaptation are proposed in light of these issues. The development and implementation of a cross-jurisdictional landscape-scale strategic conservation framework focused on protecting, connecting, and restoring ecosystems will be fundamental to enhancing ecological resilience to climate change. We conclude that even though climate change presents unprecedented and significant challenges, the protected area contribution to ecosystem function and human health and well-being will remain an essential and worthwhile investment in the 21st century.{\textless}/p{\textgreater}},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2011-06-06},
	journal = {Land Use Policy},
	author = {Lemieux, Christopher J. and Beechey, Thomas J. and Gray, Paul A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Biodiversity, climate change, Conservation, Parks, Policy, Protected areas},
	pages = {928--941},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:files/33423/Lemieux et al. - 2011 - Prospects for Canada's protected areas in an era o:}
}

Paper  Website  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {How many species in the Southern Ocean? Towards a dynamic inventory of the Antarctic marine species},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Antarctic,Barcoding,Biodiversity,Cybertaxonomy,Information system,Southern Ocean,Species inventory,Taxonomy},
 pages = {5-17},
 volume = {58},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064510002857},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {207e70af-ced8-3277-9101-af7abcf03e80},
 created = {2011-11-16T21:52:55.000Z},
 accessed = {2011-06-12},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 last_modified = {2017-03-31T08:27:39.503Z},
 tags = {Biodiversity Informatics,Bruno Danis},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {DeBroyer2011},
 folder_uuids = {a6bf1321-9beb-4f7c-9715-6ab10e069d78,de387159-d9b2-4fc4-9f3e-bf2ab9b5879e},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {De Broyer, Claude and Danis, Bruno},
 journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
 number = {1-2}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Unrecognized Antarctic biodiversity: a case study of the genus Odontaster (Odontasteridae; Asteroidea).},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {16S,16S: genetics,Animals,Antarctic Regions,Base Sequence,Biodiversity,Ecosystem,Electron Transport Complex IV,Electron Transport Complex IV: genetics,Genes,Genetic Variation,Mitochondrial,Molecular Sequence Data,Phylogeny,RNA,Ribosomal,Starfish,Starfish: anatomy & histology,Starfish: classification,Starfish: genetics},
 pages = {981-92},
 volume = {50},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21558254},
 month = {12},
 id = {5352e3bc-2720-3d4e-90cb-c4c7934ae2c2},
 created = {2012-09-26T14:56:05.000Z},
 accessed = {2012-04-23},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Janosik2010},
 abstract = {Antarctica has a complex and multifaceted geologic and oceanographic history that has influenced and shaped patterns of marine invertebrate diversity. This evolutionary history consists of major events on a wide range of time scales such as the formation of the Antarctic Polar Front (25-41 million years ago) to repeated glacial cycles during the past million years. These factors variably influenced genetic connectivity of fauna to produce a highly unique, but incredibly diverse marine community. Use of molecular phylogeographic methods is creating the need to revise our understanding of Antarctic patterns of biodiversity. In particular, almost every phylogeographic study carried out to date, suggests that the biodiversity of Antarctic marine shelf fauna is considerably underestimated. In discovering this diversity, some lineages (i.e., cryptic lineages) show no diagnostic morphological differences whereas others (i.e., unrecognized species) show differences that were unknown to science. The sea star genus Odontaster is among the best-studied of Antarctic invertebrate groups. Nonetheless, two unrecognized lineages were recently discovered along the Antarctic Peninsula, which is one of the best-studied regions in Antarctica. Herein, we elucidate the molecular and morphological uniqueness of these species and name them O. roseus and O. pearsei. The latter is in honor of John Pearse, an Antarctic biologist, as well as past President and long-time member of the Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Janosik, Alexis M and Halanych, Kenneth M},
 journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
 number = {6}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{altieri_facilitation_2010,
	title = {Facilitation cascade explains positive relationship between native biodiversity and invasion success},
	volume = {91},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/09-1301.1},
	abstract = {The pervasive impact of invasive species has motivated considerable research to understand how characteristics of invaded communities, such as native species diversity, affect the establishment of invasive species. Efforts to identify general mechanisms that limit invasion success, however, have been frustrated by disagreement between landscape-scale observations that generally find a positive relationship between native diversity and invasibility and smaller-scale experiments that consistently reveal competitive interactions that generate the opposite relationship. Here we experimentally elucidate the mechanism explaining the large-scale positive associations between invasion success and native intertidal diversity revealed in our landscape-scale surveys of New England shorelines. Experimental manipulations revealed this large-scale pattern is driven by a facilitation cascade where ecosystem-engineering species interact nonlinearly to enhance native diversity and invasion success by alleviating thermal stress and substrate instability. Our findings reveal that large-scale diversity},
	journal = {Ecology},
	author = {Altieri, Andrew H. and van Wesenbeeck, Bregje K. and Bertness, Mark D. and Silliman, Brian R.},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {GCE, biodiversity, invasive species, ecosystem engineer, facilitation cascade, foundation species, invasion paradox, marine conservation, nonlinear ecological interactions}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Characterization factors for thermal pollution in freshwater aquatic environments.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animals,Aquatic Organisms,Aquatic Organisms: physiology,Biodiversity,Chemical,Chemical: analysis,Ecosystem,Environmental Monitoring,Hot Temperature,Rivers,Rivers: chemistry,Switzerland,Water Movements,Water Pollutants,Water Pollution,Water Pollution: analysis},
 pages = {9364-9},
 volume = {44},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21069953},
 month = {12},
 day = {15},
 id = {92d94a16-ef30-333b-a12d-7c61957ce9d2},
 created = {2012-01-26T16:47:48.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {3cddc622-545e-3931-8da7-74f4edefee8f},
 group_id = {36e61195-3063-323c-b879-d6d31394db8a},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T14:39:23.619Z},
 tags = {Ajouté par PL},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Verones2010},
 folder_uuids = {1d1b23d4-a2f3-459c-a05a-d1b85060a546,51be121f-a309-44ad-ad90-bb8af078bd19},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {To date the impact of thermal emissions has not been addressed in life cycle assessment despite the narrow thermal tolerance of most aquatic species. A method to derive characterization factors for the impact of cooling water discharges on aquatic ecosystems was developed which uses space and time explicit integration of fate and effects of water temperature changes. The fate factor is calculated with a 1-dimensional steady-state model and reflects the residence time of heat emissions in the river. The effect factor specifies the loss of species diversity per unit of temperature increase and is based on a species sensitivity distribution of temperature tolerance intervals for various aquatic species. As an example, time explicit characterization factors were calculated for the cooling water discharge of a nuclear power plant in Switzerland, quantifying the impact on aquatic ecosystems of the rivers Aare and Rhine. The relative importance of the impact of these cooling water discharges was compared with other impacts in life cycle assessment. We found that thermal emissions are relevant for aquatic ecosystems compared to other stressors, such as chemicals and nutrients. For the case of nuclear electricity investigated, thermal emissions contribute between 3% and over 90% to Ecosystem Quality damage.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Verones, Francesca and Hanafiah, Marlia Mohd and Pfister, Stephan and Huijbregts, Mark A J and Pelletier, Gregory J and Koehler, Annette},
 journal = {Environmental science & technology},
 number = {24}
}

@article{clarkIndividualsVariationNeeded2010,
  title = {Individuals and the Variation Needed for High Species Diversity in Forest Trees},
  author = {Clark, J. S.},
  year = {2010},
  month = feb,
  volume = {327},
  pages = {1129--1132},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1183506},
  abstract = {In the past, explanations for high species diversity have been sought at the species level. Theory shows that coexistence requires substantial differences between species, but species-level data rarely provide evidence for such differences. Using data from forests in the southeastern United States, I show here that variation evident at the individual level provides for coexistence of large numbers of competitors. Variation among individuals within populations allows species to differ in their distributions of responses to the environment, despite the fact that the populations to which they belong do not differ, on average. Results are consistent with theory predicting that coexistence depends on competition being stronger within than between species, shown here by analysis of individual-level responses to environmental fluctuation.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6740523,array-of-factors,bias-toward-primacy-of-theory-over-reality,biodiversity,complexity,diversity,ecology,forest-resources,multiplicity,niche-modelling},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-6740523},
  number = {5969}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{boyce_global_2010,
	title = {Global phytoplankton decline over the past century},
	volume = {466},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v466/n7306/abs/nature09268.html},
	abstract = {n the oceans, ubiquitous microscopic phototrophs (phytoplankton) account for
approximately half the production of organic matter on Earth. Analyses of satellite-derived
phytoplankton concentration (available since 1979) have suggested decadal-scale
fluctuations linked to climate forcing, but the length of this record is insufficient to resolve
longer-term trends. Here we combine available ocean transparency measurements and in
situ chlorophyll observations to estimate the time dependence of phytoplankton biomass ...},
	number = {7306},
	urldate = {2016-12-06},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Boyce, Daniel G. and Lewis, Marlon R. and Worm, Boris},
	year = {2010},
	note = {00599},
	keywords = {biodiversity, boundaries, collapse, oceans},
	pages = {591--596},
	file = {Boyce et al. - 2010 - Global phytoplankton decline over the past century.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rsrs\\Documents\\Zotero Database\\storage\\KF6QVR3U\\Boyce et al. - 2010 - Global phytoplankton decline over the past century.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{klausmeyerClimateChangeHabitat2009,
  title = {Climate Change, Habitat Loss, Protected Areas and the Climate Adaptation Potential of Species in {{Mediterranean}} Ecosystems Worldwide},
  author = {Klausmeyer, Kirk R. and Shaw, M. R.},
  year = {2009},
  month = jul,
  volume = {4},
  pages = {e6392+},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006392},
  abstract = {Mediterranean climate is found on five continents and supports five global biodiversity hotspots. Based on combined downscaled results from 23 atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) for three emissions scenarios, we determined the projected spatial shifts in the mediterranean climate extent (MCE) over the next century. Although most AOGCMs project a moderate expansion in the global MCE, regional impacts are large and uneven. The median AOGCM simulation output for the three emissions scenarios project the MCE at the end of the 21st century in Chile will range from 129-153\,\% of its current size, while in Australia, it will contract to only 77-49\,\% of its current size losing an area equivalent to over twice the size of Portugal. Only 4\,\% of the land area within the current MCE worldwide is in protected status (compared to a global average of 12\,\% for all biome types), and, depending on the emissions scenario, only 50-60\,\% of these protected areas are likely to be in the future MCE. To exacerbate the climate impact, nearly one third (29-31\,\%) of the land where the MCE is projected to remain stable has already been converted to human use, limiting the size of the potential climate refuges and diminishing the adaptation potential of native biota. High conversion and low protection in projected stable areas make Australia the highest priority region for investment in climate-adaptation strategies to reduce the threat of climate change to the rich biodiversity of the Mediterranean biome.},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14257874,~to-add-doi-URL,adaptation,australia,biodiversity,chile,climate-change,conservation,ecosystem,habitat-conservation,mediterranean-region,protected-areas},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14257874},
  number = {7}
}

@article{silvertownCommunityGeneticsResource2009,
  title = {Community Genetics: Resource Addition Has Opposing Effects on Genetic and Species Diversity in a 150-Year Experiment},
  author = {Silvertown, Jonathan and Biss, Pamela M. and Freeland, Joanna},
  year = {2009},
  month = feb,
  volume = {12},
  pages = {165--170},
  issn = {1461-023X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01273.x},
  abstract = {We used the Park Grass Experiment, begun in 1856, to test alternative hypotheses about the relationship between genetic diversity and plant species diversity. The niche variation hypothesis predicts that populations with few interspecific competitors and hence broader niches are expected to contain greater genetic diversity. The coexistence hypothesis predicts that genetic diversity within species favours coexistence among species and therefore species and genetic diversity should be positively correlated. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to measure the genetic diversity of populations of Anthoxanthum odoratum growing in 10 plots of differing species richness that lie along resource and soil pH gradients. Genetic diversity in A. odoratum was positively correlated with the number of resources added to a plot, but not correlated with species richness. However, separate analyses have shown a negative correlation between resource addition and species richness at Park Grass and elsewhere, so genetic and species diversity appear to respond in opposite directions.},
  journal = {Ecology Letters},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-3895599,anthoxanthum-odoratum,biodiversity,genetic-diversity,limiting-factor,ph,soil-resources,species-richness,vegetation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-3895599},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{haines-young_land_2009,
	title = {Land use and biodiversity relationships},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {02648377},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0264837709000969},
	doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.08.009},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2016-01-24TZ},
	journal = {Land Use Policy},
	author = {Haines-Young, Roy},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	note = {00142},
	keywords = {biodiversity, phd},
	pages = {S178--S186}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{davidson_multiple_2009,
	title = {Multiple ecological pathways to extinction in mammals},
	volume = {106},
	issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
	url = {http://www.pnas.org/content/106/26/10702},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0901956106},
	abstract = {As human population and resource demands continue to grow, biodiversity conservation has never been more critical. About one-quarter of all mammals are in danger of extinction, and more than half of all mammal populations are in decline. A major priority for conservation science is to understand the ecological traits that predict extinction risk and the interactions among those predictors that make certain species more vulnerable than others. Here, using a new database of nearly 4,500 mammal species, we use decision-tree models to quantify the multiple interacting factors associated with extinction risk. We show that the correlates of extinction risk vary widely across mammals and that there are unique pathways to extinction for species with different lifestyles and combinations of traits. We find that risk is relative and that all kinds of mammals, across all body sizes, can be at risk depending on their specific ecologies. Our results increase the understanding of extinction processes, generate simple rules of thumb that identify species at greatest risk, and highlight the potential of decision-tree analyses to inform conservation efforts.},
	language = {en},
	number = {26},
	urldate = {2017-12-26},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Davidson, Ana D. and Hamilton, Marcus J. and Boyer, Alison G. and Brown, James H. and Ceballos, Gerardo},
	month = jun,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19528635},
	keywords = {biodiversity, boundaries, collapse},
	pages = {10702--10705},
	file = {Davidson et al. - 2009 - Multiple ecological pathways to extinction in mamm.pdf:C\:\\Users\\rsrs\\Documents\\Zotero Database\\storage\\4V5DYRFX\\Davidson et al. - 2009 - Multiple ecological pathways to extinction in mamm.pdf:application/pdf}
}

@article{andersonSpatialCovarianceBiodiversity2009,
  title = {Spatial Covariance between Biodiversity and Other Ecosystem Service Priorities},
  author = {Anderson, Barbara J. and Armsworth, Paul R. and Eigenbrod, Felix and Thomas, Chris D. and Gillings, Simon and Heinemeyer, Andreas and Roy, David B. and Gaston, Kevin J.},
  year = {2009},
  month = aug,
  volume = {46},
  pages = {888--896},
  issn = {0021-8901},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01666.x},
  abstract = {1. \hspace{0.6em}Ecosystems support biodiversity and also provide goods and services that are beneficial to humans. The extent to which the locations that are most valuable for ecosystem services coincide with those that support the most biodiversity is of critical importance when designing conservation and land management strategies. There are, however, few studies on which to base any kind of conclusion about possible spatial patterns of association between ecosystem services and biodiversity. Moreover, little is known about the sensitivity of the conclusions to the quality of the data available, or to the choice and size of the region used for analysis. 2. \hspace{0.6em}Here, we first present national-scale estimates of the spatial covariance in areas important for ecosystem services and biodiversity (richness of species of conservation concern), using Britain as a case study. We then explore how these associations are sensitive to the spatial resolution of the available data, the spatial extent of our study region and to regional variation across the study area. 3. \hspace{0.6em}Our analyses reveal a mixture of negative and positive associations. In particular, the regionalization analysis shows that one can arrive at diametrically opposing conclusions about relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity by studying the same question within different areas, even within a moderately small island. 4. \hspace{0.6em}Synthesis and applications. In a policy context, the location-specific nature of relationships between ecosystem services and biodiversity underscores the importance of multi-scale environmental decision-making, so as to reflect both local conditions and broader-scale priorities. The results also suggest that efforts to establish general patterns of congruence in ecosystem services and biodiversity may offer a less constructive way forward than do more regional approaches.},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-5116819,biodiversity,biodiversity-impacts,correlation-analysis,ecosystem-services,multi-scale,spatial-prioritization},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-5116819},
  number = {4}
}

@book{linnellCoexistingLargeCarnivores2009,
  title = {Coexisting with Large Carnivores: The Challenge and the Opportunity},
  author = {Linnell, John and Ericson, Mats},
  editor = {{Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe} and {Instituto Ecologia Applicata} and {Coordinated Research Projects for the Conservation and Management of Carnivores in Switzerland} and {Norwegian Institute for Nature Research}},
  year = {2009},
  publisher = {{IUCN, European Mammal Assessment}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] 

[] [...]

This catalogue accompanies an exhibition of the same name that has been developed by the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe (LCIE) which is a working group of the IUCN's Species Survival Commission. The exhibition was funded by the European Commission's DG Environment as part of a project entitled '' Natura 2000 preparatory actions. Awareness raising campaign on large carnivores''.

[] The objective of the exhibition is to provide some though provoking perspectives on large carnivore conservation in Europe. These perspectives stem from our combined experience as researchers, conservationists and wildlife managers. The views are therefore those of the LCIE. The basic message that we are trying to communicate is that large carnivores represent a uniquely challenging group of species to conserve in a crowded continent like Europe. However, if people are willing to make the effort to slightly adjust their life styles and mindsets it is possible to achieve a form of coexistence.

[] The catalogue opens with a short illustrated summary of the main messages followed by copies of the images and the main texts from the posters that were displayed. The posters present the species and some of the main regions where carnivores occur before exploring a wide set of issues relevant to their conservation. The content has been reformatted, and in some cases expanded, but remains true to the exhibition.

[] [...]

The exhibition was developed under the banner of the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe, with the especial assistance of the Instituto Ecologia Applicata (IEA), Italy, Coordinated Research Projects for the Conservation and Management of Carnivores in Switzerland (KORA), Swizterland and the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Norway.

[] The text was written by John Linnell - NINA and Mats Ericson - Taiga Nature \& Photo (www.taiga.z.se). The picture selection and picture editing was performed by Karin Ericson - Taiga Nature \& Photo and the layout by Erika Sandstr\"om - ESS Design (www.essdesign.se).},
  isbn = {978-82-426-1941-9},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14089263,biodiversity,canis-lupus,carnivores,cultural-services,europe,gulo-gulo,livestock,lynx-lynx,species-distribution,ursus-arctos},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14089263}
}

@article{barbierImprovingBiodiversityIndicators2009,
  title = {Improving Biodiversity Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management: Tree Genus Abundance Rather than Tree Genus Richness and Dominance for Understory Vegetation in {{French}} Lowland Oak Hornbeam Forests},
  author = {Barbier, St{\'e}phane and Chevalier, Richard and Loussot, Philippe and Berg{\`e}s, Laurent and Gosselin, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric},
  year = {2009},
  month = dec,
  volume = {258},
  pages = {S176-S186},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.004},
  abstract = {Two different biodiversity indicators based on tree species diversity are being used, in Europe and France respectively, without strong prior scientific validation: (1) tree species or genus richness as a positive indicator, and (2) relative abundance of the main species ( '' dominance'') as a negative indicator. We tested the relevance of these ecological models as indicators of understory vegetation biodiversity by comparing them to other ecological models, mainly related to tree species composition and abundance. We developed Bayesian statistical models for richness and abundance of ecological groups of understory vegetation species, classified according to successional status or shade tolerance. The count data probability distributions in the models were new to ecology. These models were fitted using data from 49 plots in mature lowland forests in the center of France (Bassin Parisien) with similar site conditions. We used equivalence and inequivalence tests to detect negligible and non-negligible effects. Tree genus richness and dominance resulted in models that were worse than ones based on the abundance of tree genus groups. Furthermore, the only significant results for dominance and tree genus richness were opposite to the ones implicitly assumed in the indicator system. However, the magnitude of the effects and which indicator provided the best statistical model varied among ecological groups of plants. Our results show the negative non-negligible effect of the basal area of undergrowth tree species on the cover of all ecological groups of herbaceous and woody species, and on the species richness of non-forest and peri-forest herbaceous and woody species. Compared to the literature, our sampling design strongly controlled forest and site type, thus removing to some degree the potential confusion between influences on biodiversity of management specific variables and other ecological variables. We discuss our results from both an ecological perspective and in terms of the value of these models as indicators of sustainable management. For example, the best-performing model was a multivariate model, which may be more difficult to explain to forest managers or policy-makers than an indicator simply based on tree genus richness.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-5914182,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,forest-management,forest-resources,france,species-richness,sustainability,understorey},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-5914182}
}

@article{biondiForestBiodiversityGargano2008,
  title = {Forest Biodiversity of the {{Gargano Peninsula}} and a Critical Revision of the Syntaxonomy of the Mesophilous Woods of Southern {{Italy}}},
  author = {Biondi, E. and Casavecchia, S. and Biscotti, N.},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {93--127},
  abstract = {Here we present a phytosociological analysis of the forest biodiversity of the Gargano Peninsula, located in the eastern part of the Italian peninsula. As well as presenting all of the woods described and classified in terms of their phytosociology to date, we present the following plant associations that are mainly distributed in the low supratemperate and upper mesotemperate bioclimatic belts: Carici halleranae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae ass. nova; Polysticho setiferi-Ostryetum carpinifoliae ass. nova; Rubio peregrinae-Aceretum campestris; Physospermo verticillati-Quercetum cerris; Doronico orientalis-Carpinetum betuli; Pulmonario apenninae-Aceretum neapolitani ass. nova; Teucrio siculi-Aceretum campestris ass. nova; Festuco exaltatae-Tilietum platyphylli ass. nova; Phyllitido scolopendri-Lauretum nobilis ass. nova and Aremonio agrimonioidis-Fagetum sylvaticae ass. nova. For these, subassociations and variants are described. The syntaxonomic classification allows the description of two new syntaxa at the heirarchical level of alliances: Physospermo verticillati-Quercion cerris, all. nova, the southern Italian substitute for the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion, which includes the southern mesophilous Turkey oak, European hornbeam, Neapolitan maple and field maple woods; Lauro nobilis-Tilion platyphylli all. nova, the southern substitute for the alliance Tilio platyphylli-Acerion pseudoplatani.},
  journal = {Fitosociologia},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13803823,analysis,biodiversity,forest-resources,gargano,italy,phytosociology},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13803823},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{passos_human_2008,
	title = {Human mercury exposure and adverse health effects in the {Amazon}: a review},
	volume = {24 Suppl 4},
	issn = {1678-4464},
	shorttitle = {Human mercury exposure and adverse health effects in the {Amazon}},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18797727},
	abstract = {This paper examines issues of human mercury (Hg) exposure and adverse health effects throughout the Amazon region. An extensive review was conducted using bibliographic indexes as well as secondary sources. There are several sources of Hg (mining, deforestation, reservoirs), and exposure takes place through inhalation or from fish consumption. There is a wide range of exposure, with mean hair-Hg levels above 15 microg/g in several Amazonian communities, placing them among the highest reported levels in the world today. Dietary Hg intake has been estimated in the vicinity of 1-2 microg/kg/day, considerably higher than the USEPA RfD of 0.1 microg/kg/day or the World Health Organization recommendation of 0.23 microg/kg/day. Neurobehavioral deficits and, in some cases, clinical signs have been reported both for adults and children in relation to Hg exposure in several Amazonian countries. There is also some evidence of cytogenetic damage, immune alterations, and cardiovascular toxicity. Since fish provide a highly nutritious food source, there is an urgent need to find realistic and feasible solutions that will reduce exposure and toxic risk, while maintaining healthy traditional dietary habits and preserving this unique biodiversity.},
	urldate = {2009-11-02TZ},
	journal = {Cadernos De Saúde Pública / Ministério Da Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional De Saúde Pública},
	author = {Passos, Carlos J S and Mergler, Donna},
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18797727},
	keywords = {Animals, Biodiversity, Brazil, Ecosystem, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Fishes, Fruit, Hair, Health Status, Humans, Mercury, Mercury Poisoning, Methylmercury Compounds, Mining, Occupational Exposure, Risk Assessment, Water Pollution, Chemical, World Health Organization},
	pages = {s503--520}
}

@article{brockerhoffPlantationForestsBiodiversity2008,
  title = {Plantation Forests and Biodiversity: Oxymoron or Opportunity?},
  author = {Brockerhoff, EckehardG and Jactel, Herv{\'e} and Parrotta, JohnA and Quine, ChristopherP and Sayer, Jeffrey},
  year = {2008},
  month = may,
  volume = {17},
  pages = {925--951},
  issn = {0960-3115},
  doi = {10.1007/s10531-008-9380-x},
  abstract = {Losses of natural and semi-natural forests, mostly to agriculture, are a significant concern for biodiversity. Against this trend, the area of intensively managed plantation forests increases, and there is much debate about the implications for biodiversity. We provide a comprehensive review of the function of plantation forests as habitat compared with other land cover, examine the effects on biodiversity at the landscape scale, and synthesise context-specific effects of plantation forestry on biodiversity. Natural forests are usually more suitable as habitat for a wider range of native forest species than plantation forests but there is abundant evidence that plantation forests can provide valuable habitat, even for some threatened and endangered species, and may contribute to the conservation of biodiversity by various mechanisms. In landscapes where forest is the natural land cover, plantation forests may represent a low-contrast matrix, and afforestation of agricultural land can assist conservation by providing complementary forest habitat, buffering edge effects, and increasing connectivity. In contrast, conversion of natural forests and afforestation of natural non-forest land is detrimental. However, regional deforestation pressure for agricultural development may render plantation forestry a 'lesser evil' if forest managers protect indigenous vegetation remnants. We provide numerous context-specific examples and case studies to assist impact assessments of plantation forestry, and we offer a range of management recommendations. This paper also serves as an introduction and background paper to this special issue on the effects of plantation forests on biodiversity.},
  journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-2869931,biodiversity,natural-loss,plantation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-2869931},
  number = {5}
}

@article{billeterIndicatorsBiodiversityAgricultural2007,
  title = {Indicators for Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes: A Pan-{{European}} Study},
  author = {Billeter, R. and Liira, J. and Bailey, D. and Bugter, R. and Arens, P. and Augenstein, I. and Aviron, S. and Baudry, J. and Bukacek, R. and Burel, F. and Cerny, M. and De Blust, G. and De Cock, R. and Diek{\"o}tter, T. and Dietz, H. and Dirksen, J. and Dormann, C. and Durka, W. and Frenzel, M. and Hamersky, R. and Hendrickx, F. and Herzog, F. and Klotz, S. and Koolstra, B. and Lausch, A. and Le Coeur, D. and Maelfait, J. P. and Opdam, P. and Roubalova, M. and Schermann, A. and Schermann, N. and Schmidt, T. and Schweiger, O. and Smulders, M. J. M. and Speelmans, M. and Simova, P. and Verboom, J. and Van Wingerden, W. K. R. E. and Zobel, M. and Edwards, P. J.},
  year = {2007},
  month = jul,
  volume = {45},
  pages = {141--150},
  issn = {0021-8901},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01393.x},
  abstract = {In many European agricultural landscapes, species richness is declining considerably. Studies performed at a very large spatial scale are helpful in understanding the reasons for this decline and as a basis for guiding policy. In a unique, large-scale study of 25 agricultural landscapes in seven European countries, we investigated relationships between species richness in several taxa, and the links between biodiversity and landscape structure and management. We estimated the total species richness of vascular plants, birds and five arthropod groups in each 16-km2 landscape, and recorded various measures of both landscape structure and intensity of agricultural land use. We studied correlations between taxonomic groups and the effects of landscape and land-use parameters on the number of species in different taxonomic groups. Our statistical approach also accounted for regional variation in species richness unrelated to landscape or land-use factors. The results reveal strong geographical trends in species richness in all taxonomic groups. No single species group emerged as a good predictor of all other species groups. Species richness of all groups increased with the area of semi-natural habitats in the landscape. Species richness of birds and vascular plants was negatively associated with fertilizer use. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that indicator taxa are unlikely to provide an effective means of predicting biodiversity at a large spatial scale, especially where there is large biogeographical variation in species richness. However, a small list of landscape and land-use parameters can be used in agricultural landscapes to infer large-scale patterns of species richness. Our results suggest that to halt the loss of biodiversity in these landscapes, it is important to preserve and, if possible, increase the area of semi-natural habitat.},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-2428974,agricultural-land,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,europe,habitat-conservation,indicator-species,review-scopus-european-biodiversity-indicators,scopus-indexed,semi-natural-habitat},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-2428974},
  number = {1}
}

@inproceedings{salvatoriConservationStatusLarge2007,
  title = {Conservation Status of Large Carnivores in {{Europe}} and the Freedom within Frames Approach},
  booktitle = {Coexistence of {{Large Carnivores}} and {{Humans}}: {{Threat}} or {{Benefit}}? - {{Proceedings}} of the {{International Symposium}} Preceding the 54th {{CIC General Assembly}}},
  author = {Salvatori, Valeria and Boitani, Luigi and {von Arx}, Manuela and Linnell, John D. C.},
  editor = {Potts, Richard G. and Hecker, Krist{\'o}f},
  year = {2007},
  month = may,
  pages = {13--22},
  abstract = {The European populations of brown bear, Eurasian lynx, wolf and wolverine have increased in the last two decades. The only European large carnivore (LC) that has not seen an increase in its range is the Iberian lynx, which is the most endangered cat in the world. The reason for this general trend is to be found in a series of factors that span from a shift in land use patterns to a series of national and international legislations that regulate the management of habitats and species. Despite all these, the relationship between humans and LCs is not yet secured, and it is currently the main cause for controversial management approaches. A range of management schemes are in force in Europe for mitigating the conflicts between humans and LCs. They are applied under different levels of local participation and responsibility, and all of them are suited to local conditions. Nevertheless, LCs can cover large areas and long distances, often forming populations spread over more than one country. Thus the need for applying a regional view when acting at local scale is strong: the way ahead appears to be that local actions should be taken with a view at population level.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037774,biodiversity,canis-lupus,carnivores,europe,gulo-gulo,lynx-lynx,mapping,species-distribution,ursus-arctos},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14037774}
}

@article{yessonHowGlobalGlobal2007,
  title = {How Global Is the {{Global Biodiversity Information Facility}}?},
  author = {Yesson, Chris and Brewer, Peter W. and Sutton, Tim and Caithness, Neil and Pahwa, Jaspreet S. and Burgess, Mikhaila and Gray, W. Alec and White, Richard J. and Jones, Andrew C. and Bisby, Frank A. and Culham, Alastair},
  year = {2007},
  month = nov,
  volume = {2},
  pages = {e1124},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0001124},
  abstract = {There is a concerted global effort to digitize biodiversity occurrence data from herbarium and museum collections that together offer an unparalleled archive of life on Earth over the past few centuries. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility provides the largest single gateway to these data. Since 2004 it has provided a single point of access to specimen data from databases of biological surveys and collections. Biologists now have rapid access to more than 120 million observations, for use in many biological analyses. We investigate the quality and coverage of data digitally available, from the perspective of a biologist seeking distribution data for spatial analysis on a global scale. We present an example of automatic verification of geographic data using distributions from the International Legume Database and Information Service to test empirically, issues of geographic coverage and accuracy. There are over 1/2 million records covering 31\,\% of all Legume species, and 84\,\% of these records pass geographic validation. These data are not yet a global biodiversity resource for all species, or all countries. A user will encounter many biases and gaps in these data which should be understood before data are used or analyzed. The data are notably deficient in many of the world's biodiversity hotspots. The deficiencies in data coverage can be resolved by an increased application of resources to digitize and publish data throughout these most diverse regions. But in the push to provide ever more data online, we should not forget that consistent data quality is of paramount importance if the data are to be useful in capturing a meaningful picture of life on Earth.},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8051779,dataset,global-biodiversity-information-facility,global-scale,multiauthor},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-8051779},
  number = {11}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animals,Antarctic Regions,Biodiversity,Geography,Invertebrates,Invertebrates: classification,Invertebrates: physiology,Marine Biology,Oceans and Seas,Phylogeny,Seawater},
 pages = {307-11},
 volume = {447},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05827},
 month = {5},
 id = {93295cbf-1dcf-3f2b-b04c-58654d5ae339},
 created = {2010-09-10T08:59:33.000Z},
 accessed = {2010-09-10},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 last_modified = {2017-03-31T08:27:19.298Z},
 tags = {Biodiversity Informatics,Bruno Danis},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Brandt2007},
 short_title = {Nature},
 folder_uuids = {a6bf1321-9beb-4f7c-9715-6ab10e069d78},
 abstract = {Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some taxa. The deeper parts of the Southern Ocean exhibit some unique environmental features, including a very deep continental shelf and a weakly stratified water column, and are the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean. These features suggest that deep-sea faunas around the Antarctic may be related both to adjacent shelf communities and to those in other oceans. Unlike shallow-water Antarctic benthic communities, however, little is known about life in this vast deep-sea region. Here, we report new data from recent sampling expeditions in the deep Weddell Sea and adjacent areas (748-6,348 m water depth) that reveal high levels of new biodiversity; for example, 674 isopods species, of which 585 were new to science. Bathymetric and biogeographic trends varied between taxa. In groups such as the isopods and polychaetes, slope assemblages included species that have invaded from the shelf. In other taxa, the shelf and slope assemblages were more distinct. Abyssal faunas tended to have stronger links to other oceans, particularly the Atlantic, but mainly in taxa with good dispersal capabilities, such as the Foraminifera. The isopods, ostracods and nematodes, which are poor dispersers, include many species currently known only from the Southern Ocean. Our findings challenge suggestions that deep-sea diversity is depressed in the Southern Ocean and provide a basis for exploring the evolutionary significance of the varied biogeographic patterns observed in this remote environment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Brandt, Angelika and Gooday, Andrew J and Brandão, Simone N and Brix, Saskia and Brökeland, Wiebke and Cedhagen, Tomas and Choudhury, Madhumita and Cornelius, Nils and Danis, Bruno and De Mesel, Ilse and Diaz, Robert J and Gillan, David C and Ebbe, Brigitte and Howe, John A and Janussen, Dorte and Kaiser, Stefanie and Linse, Katrin and Malyutina, Marina and Pawlowski, Jan and Raupach, Michael and Vanreusel, Ann},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7142}
}

@article{jactelTreeDiversityReduces2007,
  title = {Tree Diversity Reduces Herbivory by Forest Insects},
  author = {Jactel, Herv{\'e} and Brockerhoff, Eckehard G.},
  year = {2007},
  month = sep,
  volume = {10},
  pages = {835--848},
  issn = {1461-0248},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01073.x},
  abstract = {Biodiversity loss from plant communities is often acknowledged to affect primary production but little is known about effects on herbivores. We conducted a meta-analysis of a worldwide data set of 119 studies to compare herbivory in single-species and mixed forests. This showed a significant reduction of herbivory in more diverse forests but this varied with the host specificity of insects. In diverse forests, herbivory by oligophagous species was virtually always reduced, whereas the response of polyphagous species was variable. Further analyses revealed that the composition of tree mixtures may be more important than species richness per se because diversity effects on herbivory were greater when mixed forests comprised taxonomically more distant tree species, and when the proportion of non-host trees was greater than that of host trees. These findings provide new support for the role of biodiversity in ecosystem functioning across trophic levels.

[Excerpt: Discussion]

Based on the evidence from 119 comparative studies of 47 different insect-tree interactions, our quantitative review showed that overall tree species growing in mixtures suffer significantly less herbivory than those in pure stands. This diversity effect on herbivory appears to be generally applicable at this forest stand scale as the studies used in our meta-analysis include a wide range of insect taxa and feeding guilds that affect trees from numerous plant families and orders in boreal, temperate and tropical biomes (see also Jactel et al. 2005). Overall, our study provides new and convincing support for the theory that species diversity of producer assemblages may reduce the magnitude of consumer effects on producers. Three similar meta-analyses that examined diversity effects in crop plant and algal communities (Tonhasca \& Byrne 1994; Hillebrand \& Cardinale 2004; Balvanera et al. 2006) also showed that more diverse communities were less affected by herbivore consumption. Our analysis gives support to the extension of this global pattern to long-lived producers such as tree species. However, the magnitude of this effect varied greatly in relation to an additional important factor that has been overlooked in previous studies, the host specificity of the primary consumer. The contrast between the responses of oligophagous and polyphagous herbivores to increased tree diversity was striking and merits further exploration.

[\textbackslash n] What distinguished the subpopulation of studies involving polyphagous insects in our meta-analysis was the significantly different effect size in those studies where other, more palatable species were present in mixed stands. In at least six of these studies (Brown et al. 1988; Gottschalk \& Twery 1989; White \& Whitham 2000) this result can most likely be attributed to 'associational susceptibility', an outcome of the occurrence of several host tree species in situations where polyphagous herbivores may be able to use a more palatable host to build up their populations, exploit those resources and then 'spill over' to the associated hosts (Brown \& Ewel 1987; White \& Whitham 2000). For example, gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) can feed on conifers once its preferred hosts, oaks and other broadleaved species have been defoliated. As a result of this polyphagy, white pine growing in mixed stands with oaks is more likely to be attacked by L. dispar than white pine in pure stands (Brown et al. 1988). We were able to confirm this process as a general pattern by separating studies with polyphagous insects according to the presence or absence of other host tree species in the mixture. Our results clearly showed that such a detrimental effect of tree diversity is not uncommon but only when a more palatable host is present in the tree species assemblage. Similar effects may apply to generalist mammalian grazers which appear to prefer mixed stands in boreal forests (Koricheva et al. 2006).

[\textbackslash n] It is noteworthy that our analysis considers the overall effects of many different studies of which each examined a particular herbivore species on a particular focus tree species growing either in a pure or a mixed stand. It is conceivable that the observed overall reduction in herbivory by a particular oligophagous herbivore on a particular tree species could be outweighed by a corresponding overall increase in total herbivory by polyphagous species on all tree species present in mixed stands. To our knowledge, there has been no published study that specifically addressed this question in forest ecosystems; however, two observations can be offered that oppose this view: (i) collectively, overall herbivory by polyphagous species was not greater in mixed stands than in pure stands and (ii) oligophagous, i.e. specialist herbivores, are likely to exert a higher herbivory pressure than generalist, i.e. polyphagous species. This has been demonstrated particularly in tropical forests (Barone 1998, 2000).

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[\textbackslash n] Thus, our results are consistent with two of the main points in relation to the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning on which ecologists recently agreed (Hooper et al. 2005): [::(i)] species composition can be more important than species richness per se and [::(ii)] the strength or the sign of the relationship can vary with the functional traits of the species. 

[\textbackslash n] Our results confirm this because [::(i)] the beneficial effects of tree diversity on herbivory increase with the relative proportion of associated trees, [::(ii)] the association of phylogenetically less similar tree species, e.g. angiosperms associated with gymnosperms, is more effective in preventing herbivory in mixed stands and [::(iii)] the association of more palatable host trees is likely to increase damage from polyphagous herbivores in the mixture. 

[\textbackslash n] These findings also highlight the fact that insufficient consideration of such factors may lead to erroneous conclusions about the existence of such effects of biodiversity, and whether or not they are widely applicable. This also has important implications for the sustainable management of forests, particularly planted forests which are predominantly managed as monocultures and are expected to soon supply the majority of the world's demand for wood and fibre products (FAO 2001). Enhancing biodiversity by enriching forests with additional tree species that are less palatable for pest insects may increase food web stability while at the same time potentially offering conservation benefits. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to determine whether there is a concomitant effect of forest diversity on herbivory, productivity and conservation.},
  journal = {Ecology Letters},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-1527170,~to-add-doi-URL,abies-balsamea,acalitus-rudis,albizia-guachapele,alsophila-pometaria,amblypelta-cocophaga,atta-cephalotes,betula-pendula,biodiversity,callophylum-brasiliense,cardiaspina-fiscella,cecidomyiidae,choristoneura-fumiferana,choristoneura-spp,chrysoptharta-bimaculata,corylus-avellana,curculio-elephas,dendroctonus-frontalis,dipteryx-panamensis,diversity,euclystis-spp,forest-pests,forest-resources,genipa-americana,hylobius-abietis,hypsipyla-robusta,lepidoptera,lymantria-dispar,matsucoccus-feytaudi,milicia-excelsa,myzocallis-coryli,neuroterus-spp,phyllobius-argentatus,phyllonorycter-spp,phytolyma-lata,picea-abies,picea-glauca,picea-sitchensis,pinus-densiflora,pinus-nigra-laricio,pinus-pinaster,pinus-strobus,pinus-sylvestris,pinus-taeda,pissodes-strobi,plant-pests,populus-angustifolia,pseudotsuga-menziesii,quercus-petraea,quercus-rotundifolia,quercus-suber,rhyacionia-frustrana,sonneratia-apetala,stigmella-spp,stryphnodendron-microstachyum,thaumetopoea-pytiocampa,thecodiplosis-japonensis,toona-ciliata,virola-koschnyi,vochysia-ferruginea,vochysia-guatemalensis,zeuzera-conferta},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-1527170},
  number = {9}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bayen_chlorinated_2006,
	title = {Chlorinated paraffins: a review of analysis and environmental occurrence.},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0160-4120},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16814386},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.009},
	abstract = {Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), as technical mixtures of polychlorinated alkanes (PCAs), are ubiquitous in the environment. CPs tend to behave in a similar way to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), leading several countries to impose regulations on the use of CPs. In this article, we review the literature on the properties of CPs, the current analytical tools available to determine CPs in various types of environmental matrices, and concentrations found in the environment. In particular, concentrations of CPs in environmental compartments including air, water, sediments, biota, human food products and human tissues are summarized. Priorities for future research are: improvements in analytical methodologies (reducing the complexity of the analysis, producing reference materials and performing interlaboratory studies); determining background levels of chlorinated paraffins in the environment and human populations (this question should be answered using quality assured analytical tools allowing the intercomparison of data); and investigating the sources of CPs to the environment and to humans.},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Environment international},
	author = {Bayen, Stéphane and Obbard, Jeffrey Philip and Thomas, Gareth O},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16814386},
	keywords = {Animals, Biodiversity, Chlorinated, Chlorinated: analysis, Chlorinated: chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring: methods, Environmental Pollutants, Environmental Pollutants: analysis, Environmental Pollutants: chemistry, Flame retardants, Food, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Paraffin, Paraffin: analysis, Paraffin: chemistry, Principal Component Analysis, Principal Component Analysis: methods, Quality Control, Tissue Distribution},
	pages = {915--29},
}

Paper  Website  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Biodiversity and biogeography of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic mollusca},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {antarctica,biodiversity,biogeography,endemism,mollusca},
 pages = {985-1008},
 volume = {53},
 websites = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0967064506000828},
 month = {4},
 id = {f2f74532-c8c3-32d3-b1f7-2bfe63eba89e},
 created = {2012-10-04T09:25:12.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Linse2006e},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Linse, K and Griffiths, H and Barnes, D and Clarke, a},
 journal = {Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography},
 number = {8-10}
}

@article{
 title = {Weed diversity and soybean yield with glyphosate management along a north–south transect in the United States},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 keywords = {Biodiversity, glyphosate resistance, glyphosate to},
 pages = {713-719},
 volume = {54},
 chapter = {713},
 id = {3aca3f0b-7f5d-3820-b416-9a1e8ae94fad},
 created = {2012-01-05T13:09:04.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {1a467167-0a41-3583-a6a3-034c31031332},
 group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
 last_modified = {2013-05-26T02:44:53.000Z},
 tags = {United States,economic,environmental,habitat,herbicide tolerant soybean,productivity},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 abstract = {There are many concerns about the effects of repeated use of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops, including two that are seemingly contradictory. These are (1) weed escapes and (2) loss of weed diversity. Weeds that escape glyphosate treatment represent species that likely will become troublesome and difficult to control in the future, and identifying these future problems may allow more effective management. In contrast, complete weed control directly reduces the weed component of agroecosystem biodiversity and may lower other components indirectly (e.g., weed-dependent granivores). During 2001 and 2002 effects of glyphosate and conventional weed control treatments on weed community composition and GR soybean yields were studied. Field studies were conducted along a north–south transect of sites spanning a distance of 1600 km from Minnesota to Louisiana. Low-intensity use (single application yr−1) of glyphosate allowed more escapes and maintained higher weed diversity than high-intensity use (two applications yr−1) of glyphosate, and it was equivalent to or even higher than diversity in non-GR systems. Although the same weeds escaped from low- and high-intensity glyphosate treatments, frequency of escapes was higher with less intensive use. These results suggest that limited use of glyphosate would not have profound effects on weed diversity. In addition, crop yield did not differ between GR and non-GR treatments at high latitudes, but below 40° N latitude, with a longer cropping season, yields with low-intensity glyphosate use decreased by about 2% per degree latitude because of competition from escaped weeds. },
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Scursoni, Julio and Forcella, Frank and Gunsolus, Jeffrey and Owen, Michael and Oliver, Richard and Smeda, Reid and Vidrine, Roy},
 journal = {Weed Science},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{christie_valuing_2006,
	title = {Valuing the diversity of biodiversity},
	volume = {58},
	issn = {0921-8009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800905003149},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.07.034},
	abstract = {Policy makers have responded to concerns over declining levels of biodiversity by introducing a range of policy measures including agri-environment and wildlife management schemes. Costs for such measures are relatively easy to establish, but benefits are less easily estimated. Economics can help guide the design of biodiversity policy by eliciting public preferences on different attributes of biodiversity. However, this is complicated by the generally low level of awareness and understanding of what biodiversity means on the part of the general public. In this paper we report research that applied the choice experiment and contingent valuation methods to value the diversity of biological diversity. Focus groups were used to identify ecological concepts of biodiversity that were important and relevant to the public, and to discover how best to describe these concepts in a meaningful and understandable manner. A choice experiment examined a range of biodiversity attributes including familiarity of species, species rarity, habitat, and ecosystem processes, while a contingent valuation study examined public willingness to pay for biodiversity enhancements associated with agri-environmental and habitat re-creation policy. The key conclusions drawn from the valuation studies were that the public has positive valuation preferences for most, but not all, aspects of biodiversity, but that they appeared to be largely indifferent to how biodiversity protection was achieved. Finally, we also investigate the extent to which valuation workshop approaches to data collection can overcome some of the possible information problems associated with the valuation of complex goods. The key conclusion was that the additional opportunities for information exchange and group discussion in the workshops helped to reduce the variability of value estimates.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2016-11-02TZ},
	journal = {Ecological Economics},
	author = {Christie, Mike and Hanley, Nick and Warren, John and Murphy, Kevin and Wright, Robert and Hyde, Tony},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Agri-environmental policy, Biodiversity, Choice experiments, Contingent valuation, Valuation workshops},
	pages = {304--317}
}

@article{pearsonModelbasedUncertaintySpecies2006,
  title = {Model-Based Uncertainty in Species Range Prediction},
  author = {Pearson, Richard G. and Thuiller, Wilfried and Ara{\'u}jo, Miguel B. and {Martinez-Meyer}, Enrique and Brotons, Ll{\'u}{\i}s and McClean, Colin and Miles, Lera and Segurado, Pedro and Dawson, Terence P. and Lees, David C.},
  year = {2006},
  month = oct,
  volume = {33},
  pages = {1704--1711},
  issn = {0305-0270},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01460.x},
  abstract = {[Aim]\hspace{0.6em} Many attempts to predict the potential range of species rely on environmental niche (or 'bioclimate envelope') modelling, yet the effects of using different niche-based methodologies require further investigation. Here we investigate the impact that the choice of model can have on predictions, identify key reasons why model output may differ and discuss the implications that model uncertainty has for policy-guiding applications.

[Location]\hspace{0.6em} The Western Cape of South Africa.

[Methods]\hspace{0.6em} We applied nine of the most widely used modelling techniques to model potential distributions under current and predicted future climate for four species (including two subspecies) of Proteaceae. Each model was built using an identical set of five input variables and distribution data for 3996 sampled sites. We compare model predictions by testing agreement between observed and simulated distributions for the present day (using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and kappa statistics) and by assessing consistency in predictions of range size changes under future climate (using cluster analysis).

[Results]\hspace{0.6em} Our analyses show significant differences between predictions from different models, with predicted changes in range size by 2030 differing in both magnitude and direction (e.g. from 92\,\% loss to 322\,\% gain). We explain differences with reference to two characteristics of the modelling techniques: data input requirements (presence/absence vs. presence-only approaches) and assumptions made by each algorithm when extrapolating beyond the range of data used to build the model. The effects of these factors should be carefully considered when using this modelling approach to predict species ranges.

[Main conclusions]\hspace{0.6em} We highlight an important source of uncertainty in assessments of the impacts of climate change on biodiversity and emphasize that model predictions should be interpreted in policy-guiding applications along with a full appreciation of uncertainty.},
  journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-591817,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,climate-change,communicating-uncertainty,habitat-suitability,modelling-uncertainty,niche-modelling,science-policy-interface,scientific-communication,species-distribution,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-591817},
  number = {10}
}

@article{kinzig_effects_2005-1,
	title = {The effects of human socioeconomic status and cultural characteristics on urban patterns of biodiversity},
	volume = {10},
	abstract = {We present evidence that there can be substantial variation in species richness in residential areas differing in their socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Many analyses of the impacts of urbanization on biodiversity rely on traditional “urban-to-rural},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Ecology and Society},
	author = {Kinzig, A. P. and Warren, P. S. and Martin, C. and Hope, D. and Katti, M.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {BES, biodiversity, urban, social aspects, human}
}

@incollection{shachak_species_2005,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Species diversity and ecosystem processes in water-limited systems},
	booktitle = {Biodiversity in dry lands: toward a unified framework for research and management},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press [Mellon Publication]},
	author = {Shachak, M. and Pickett, S.T.A. and Gosz, J. R.},
	editor = {Perevelotsky, A.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {BES, biodiversity, water, ecosystem, plant, species}
}

@incollection{perevelotsky_management_2005,
	address = {New York},
	title = {Management for biodiversity: human landscape effects on dry environments},
	booktitle = {Biodiversity in dry lands: toward a unified framework for research and management},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press [Mellon Publication]},
	author = {Perevelotsky, A. and Shachak, M. and Pickett, S.T.A.},
	editor = {Perevelotsky, A.},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {BES, landscape, biodiversity, management, human}
}

@article{
 title = {Global hot spots of biological invasions: Evaluating options for ballast-water management},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Ballast water,Biological invasion,Biotic homogenization,Ford-Fulkerson algorithm},
 pages = {575-580},
 volume = {271},
 id = {df79e515-42e1-33af-b22a-98cf5916d694},
 created = {2018-09-13T13:16:05.602Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9aa84141-6744-3000-aa2d-8b83b70f0402},
 group_id = {3addd0f7-d578-34d3-be80-24022cc062a1},
 last_modified = {2018-09-13T13:17:43.200Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {46d73cb0-1cc4-42db-86d0-93a26fce7f83},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Biological invasions from ballast water are a severe environmental threat and exceedingly costly to society. We identify global hot spots of invasion based on worldwide patterns of ship traffic. We then estimate the rate of port-to-port invasion using gravity models for spatial interactions, and we identify bottlenecks to the regional exchange of species using the Ford-Fulkerson algorithm for network flows. Finally, using stochastic simulations of different strategies for controlling ballast-water introductions, we find that reducing the per-ship-visit chance of causing invasion is more effective in reducing the rate of biotic homogenization than eliminating key ports that are the epicentres for global spread.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drake, John M. and Lodge, David M.},
 journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
 number = {1539}
}

@article{rametsteinerForestCertificationInstrument2003,
  title = {Forest Certification -- an Instrument to Promote Sustainable Forest Management?},
  author = {Rametsteiner, Ewald and Simula, Markku},
  year = {2003},
  month = jan,
  volume = {67},
  pages = {87--98},
  issn = {0301-4797},
  doi = {10.1016/s0301-4797(02)00191-3},
  abstract = {Forest certification was introduced in the early 1990s to address concerns of deforestation and forest degradation and to promote the maintenance of biological diversity, especially in the tropics. Initially pushed by environmental groups, it quickly evolved as a potential instrument to promote sustainable forest management (SFM). To date about 124 million ha or 3.2\,\% of the world's forests have been certified by the different certification schemes created over the last decade.

Forest certification shares the aim of promoting SFM with another tool, namely criteria and indicators (C\&I) for SFM. C\&I sets are mainly developed for the national level to describe and monitor status and trends in forests and forest management. They also provide an essential reference basis for forest certification standards, which set performance targets to be applied on a defined area. Progress in developing these two different tools has been significant.

After 10 years of implementation, it is evident that the original intention to save tropical biodiversity through certification has largely failed to date. Most of certified areas are in the temperate and boreal zone, with Europe as the most important region. Only around ten per cent is located in tropical countries.

The standards used for issuing certificates upon compliance are diverse, both between certification schemes and within one and the same scheme when applied in different regions. However, they are at least equal to legal requirements and often include elements that set actually higher standards.

While the quality of actual audits of the standards is of varying quality, there are indications that independent audits are an incentive for improving forest management. As a voluntary market-based tool, forest certification is depending on the ability to cover the costs incurred and thus on often-elusive green consumer sentiment.

Regardless of many difficulties, forest certification has been very successful in raising awareness and disseminating knowledge on a holistic SFM concept, embracing economic, environmental and social issues, worldwide. It also provides a tool for a range of other applications than assessment of sustainability, such as e.g. verifying carbon sinks.},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11956519,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,certification,europe,forest-resources,review-scopus-european-biodiversity-indicators,scopus-indexed,sustainability},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11956519},
  number = {1}
}

@article{zimmer_species-specific_2002,
	title = {Species-specific patterns of litter processing by terrestrial isopods ({Isopoda}: {Oniscidea}) in high intertidal salt marshes and coastal forests},
	volume = {16},
	abstract = {The species-specificity of litter processing by three species of isopods at the interface between salt marsh and coastal forest habitats in the south-eastern United States was examined. To quantify isopod performance, measurements were taken of feeding, digestion and growth of isopods fed on three litter types (Juncus roemerianus, Quercus virginiana and Pinus palustris) and on artificial diets containing one of three classes of model phenolic compounds (simple phenolics and hydrolysable and condensed tannins). To quantify the ecosystem impact of isopods, promotion of microbial respiration, changes in detritus chemistry, and the quantity of litter processed by isopod populations were measured. The results support three hypotheses concerning isopod},
	journal = {Functional Ecology},
	author = {Zimmer, Martin. and Pennings, Steven C. and Buck, Tracy L. and Carefoot, Thomas H.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {GCE, biodiversity, decomposition, microbial respiration, phenolics, digestion}
}

@article{kuuluvainenNaturalVariabilityForests2002,
  title = {Natural Variability of Forests as a Reference for Restoring and Managing Biological Diversity in Boreal {{Fennoscandia}}},
  author = {Kuuluvainen, Timo},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {36},
  issn = {2242-4075},
  doi = {10.14214/sf.552},
  abstract = {In Fennoscandia, use of the natural forest as a reference for restoration and management of forest biodiversity has been widely accepted. However, limited understanding of the structure and dynamics of the natural forest has hampered the applications of the natural variability approach. This is especially the case in areas, where the natural forests have almost totally vanished. This review was motivated by the idea that despite these difficulties the essential features of the natural forest can be reconstructed based on biological archives, historical documents, research done in adjacent natural areas, and modeling. First, a conceptual framework for analyzing the relationship between forest structure, dynamics and biodiversity is presented. Second, the current understanding of the structure and dynamics of natural forests at different spatiotemporal scales in boreal Fennoscandia is reviewed. Third, the implications of this knowledge, and gaps in knowledge, on research and on practical restoration and management methods aimed at forest biodiversity conservation are discussed. In conclusion, naturally dynamic forest landscapes are complex, multiscaled hierarchical systems. Current forest management methods create disturbance and successional dynamics that are strongly scale-limited when compared with the natural forest. To restore some of the essential characteristics of the natural forest's multiscale heterogeneity, diversification of silvicultural and harvesting treatments, as guided by natural disturbance dynamics, is needed to produce more variation in disturbance severity, quality, extent, and repeatability.},
  journal = {Silva Fennica},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13508636,biodiversity,boreal-forests,forest-ecosystems,northern-europe},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13508636},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{daszak_anthropogenic_2001,
	title = {Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife},
	volume = {78},
	issn = {0001-706X},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001706X00001790},
	doi = {10.1016/S0001-706X(00)00179-0},
	abstract = {By using the criteria that define emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of humans, we can identify a similar group of EIDs in wildlife. In the current review we highlight an important series of wildlife EIDs: amphibian chytridiomycosis; diseases of marine invertebrates and vertebrates and two recently-emerged viral zoonoses, Nipah virus disease and West Nile virus disease. These exemplify the varied etiology, pathogenesis, zoonotic potential and ecological impact of wildlife EIDs. Strikingly similar underlying factors drive disease emergence in both human and wildlife populations. These are predominantly ecological and almost entirely the product of human environmental change. The implications of wildlife EIDs are twofold: emerging wildlife diseases cause direct and indirect loss of biodiversity and add to the threat of zoonotic disease emergence. Since human environmental changes are largely responsible for their emergence, the threats wildlife EIDs pose to biodiversity and human health represent yet another consequence of anthropogenic influence on ecosystems. We identify key areas where existing expertise in ecology, conservation biology, wildlife biology, veterinary medicine and the impact of environmental change would augment programs to investigate emerging diseases of humans, and we comment on the need for greater medical and microbiological input into the study of wildlife diseases.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2019-02-22TZ},
	journal = {Acta Tropica},
	author = {Daszak, P. and Cunningham, A. A. and Hyatt, A. D.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {Biodiversity, Chytridiomycosis, Conservation, Coral reef diseases, Emerging diseases, Nipah virus, West Nile virus, Zoonosis},
	pages = {103--116}
}

@article{peterkenEcologicalEffectsIntroduced2001,
  title = {Ecological Effects of Introduced Tree Species in {{Britain}}},
  author = {Peterken, G. F.},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {141},
  pages = {31--42},
  doi = {10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00487-4},
  abstract = {Non-native trees have been introduced to Britain and native trees have been redistributed for over 2000 years, but most species were introduced in the last 400 years, and the ecological consequences have not yet been fully manifested. Introduction has been followed by various forms of adaptation to British conditions: (i) genetic changes in the trees themselves, (ii) assimilation into forest communities, (iii) colonisation by native plants, animals and fungi and (iv) gradual cultural acceptance. Nevertheless, some naturalised shrubs are widely regarded as ecologically damaging in semi-natural vegetation (e.g. Rhododendron ponticum, Acer pseudoplatanus), and the introduction of non-native conifers has allowed forestry to expand over moorland with substantial ecological effects.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13508406,abies-alba,acer-platanoides,acer-pseudoplatanus,aesculus-hippocastanum,afforestation,biodiversity,castanea-sativa,community,conifers,conservation,introduction,invertebrates,larix-decidua,picea-abies,picea-sitchensis,pinus-contorta,pseudotsuga-menziesii,quercus-borealis,tsuga-heterophylla,ulmus-spp},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13508406},
  number = {1-2}
}

@article{gotelliQuantifyingBiodiversityProcedures2001,
  title = {Quantifying Biodiversity: Procedures and Pitfalls in the Measurement and Comparison of Species Richness},
  author = {Gotelli, Nicholas J. and Colwell, Robert K.},
  year = {2001},
  month = jul,
  volume = {4},
  pages = {379--391},
  issn = {1461-023X},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00230.x},
  abstract = {Species richness is a fundamental measurement of community and regional diversity, and it underlies many ecological models and conservation strategies. In spite of its importance, ecologists have not always appreciated the effects of abundance and sampling effort on richness measures and comparisons. We survey a series of common pitfalls in quantifying and comparing taxon richness. These pitfalls can be largely avoided by using accumulation and rarefaction curves, which may be based on either individuals or samples. These taxon sampling curves contain the basic information for valid richness comparisons, including category-subcategory ratios (species-to-genus and species-to-individual ratios). Rarefaction methods - both sample-based and individual-based - allow for meaningful standardization and comparison of datasets. Standardizing data sets by area or sampling effort may produce very different results compared to standardizing by number of individuals collected, and it is not always clear which measure of diversity is more appropriate. Asymptotic richness estimators provide lower-bound estimates for taxon-rich groups such as tropical arthropods, in which observed richness rarely reaches an asymptote, despite intensive sampling. Recent examples of diversity studies of tropical trees, stream invertebrates, and herbaceous plants emphasize the importance of carefully quantifying species richness using taxon sampling curves.},
  journal = {Ecology Letters},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-511846,bias-correction,biodiversity,diversity,ecology,high-impact-publication,species-richness},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-511846},
  number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@techreport{citeulike:13546849,
    abstract = {[Excerpt] In the task sharing established at the Preparatory Meeting of the Study
Programme on European Spatial Planning ({SPESP}), Brussels, 7 December 1998,
it was agreed that the Work Group in charge of the development of theme 1.6,
Indicators on Natural Assets, would be made up of the National Focal Points
({NFP}'s) of Spain and Denmark. Furthermore, it was planned that the work
would be carried out in close collaboration with the European Environment
Agency ({EEA}), given the obvious relationship of this organisation with the
theme under study.
Apart from this initial work structure we cannot overlook the
contributions received from the rest of the {NFP}'s, both as regards the various
documents drawn up throughout the course of 1999, and also with respect to
the survey on the proposed indicators prepared by this Work Group during the
month of June. We should not forget the dozen of meetings of co-ordination of
the Spanish Team (Oviedo, Madrid, Zamora...) that without a doubt helped to
clarify numerous aspects.
The short period of time available, along with some other inconveniences,
has prevented the results achieved reaching as far as this Work Group would
have wished. Nevertheless, the final evaluation of this first phase of the {SPESP}
has been very positive. If we take into account the complexity of the object
under study, the European territory, we are of the opinion that a lot of ground
has been covered and that it has been possible to achieve certain basic
principles that will noticeably help the continuance of the work and that the
European Spatial Development Perspective ({ESDP}) will manage to acquire a
technical and practical dimension that will complement the political.
During the development period of the work three Draft Reports have been
drawn up coinciding with the Meetings of the {NFP}: Stockholm, in February
1999, Nijmegen, in June 1999 and Rome, in October 1999. These documents have attempted to outline and define a realistic indicator proposal which
maintained a certain technical and scientific coherence.
In this document we carry out a brief review of the ground that has been
covered and specify the main conclusions arrived at in that which refers to
theme 1.6 Natural Assets. This summary extracts the most relevant aspects
contained in the three Draft Reports drawn up to date, of the contributions of
the {EEA} and the {NFP}'s, as well as of the co-ordinator, above all, through the
enlightening meetings. [...]


[Conclusions] The conclusions  that can be drawn following the first phase of the {ESDP} Programme of Studies, at least from the standpoint of  ” Natural Assets” indicators, should be limited to expounding some reflections on the construction of a system of indicators. The state of the work underway does not allow for a reliable diagnosis and therefore, to determine spatial conclusions and territorial implications would be extremely risky without a solid base upon which to base them. Therefore, some final reflections regarding the work and the proposal put forth are included under this heading:
[Environmental focus] Having carried out a detailed analysis of the various {ESDP} official documents, it has been observed that the objectives and the focus pursued greatly exceed the concept of natural assets that was originally intended to be used in Topic 1 of the Study Programme. These official documents (Noordwijk and Potsdam) adopt an environmental vision of the European territory. The most important environmental studies that exist with regard to the European territory (among which the  ” Dobris Assessment, on the environment in Europe” and  ” Europe's Environment: The Second Assessment” can be highlighted) confirmed the need to adopt this point of view. By limiting the scope of study to strictly include natural assets, numerous aspects, which are of vital importance to spatial differentiation, are ignored. Therefore, the first conclusion arrived at is to overcome the natural assets focus and to adopt an environmental vision.
[Conceptual framework] Once the decision to use an environmental focus was made, the main proposals of existing systems of environmental indicators were gathered together. From among them, and for various reasons, we can highlight those elaborated by the following organisations: European Environment Agency, {U.S}. Environment Protection Agency, United Nations Department for Policy Co- ordination and Sustainable Development, or those elaborated by the {OECD}. Although with some variations, a coincidence can be observed in the conceptual framework ({Pressure/State}/Response). For those reasons, and in order to maintain a certain methodological consistency, it was decided that this structure be adopted. Despite more complex ways of focussing on this issue (Driving {Force/Pressure}/{State/Impact}/Response), we consider that this structure, due to its simplicity, can perfectly satisfy the needs of this project.
[Primary indicators] Taking documentary sources and the systems of indicators consulted as a starting point, a long list of indicators, which we term primary indicators, in which all the indicators of use for carrying out an environmental characterisation of Europe were compiled. Said list is organised by subject (atmospheric, inland waters, coastal and marine environments...). In this way it hopes to maintain a certain scientific scrupulousness and to effect an initial spatial approach taking into account all the territorial characteristics. At this point a direct relationship between the {ESDP} environmental indicators and the future European system of environmental indicators must be established. We believe that the list of primary indicators might be made up of said European system of environmental indicators on which the {EEA} is already working. For this it would be necessary to achieve compatibility, at least for certain indicators, above all in areas such as resolution or scale that made it possible to undertake the territorial analysis. Adopting this outline would at the same time allow for an improvement in the definition and quality of spatial indicators.
[Synthetic indicators] The list of primary indicators is very long and exceeds the needs and objectives of the {ESDP}. For this reason the task of elaborating a proposal that could be viable and appropriate for the project was undertaken. The objective was to create a short list of aggregate or synthetic indicators, attempting to conserve the main approach initially established. To do so, in addition to the consideration made for the indicators in the {ESDP} official documents as a whole, the following conditions were taken into account:
[::] They should be spatial indicators, with territorial implications and serve as spatial differentiation criteria. It is not a question of making an environmental diagnosis of Europe, and therefore it is not a typical system of environmental indicators. In practice, it becomes a predominance of the territorial characteristics of the information (in this way, for example and from this perspective, the sources of polluting gases is of greater interest than air quality).
[::] The need to combine the indicators in this area with other spatial differentiation criteria must be remembered. In practice, this means adjusting to spatial units, which are different from those of the natural processes, which can bring about problems. The danger of detracting from the results, since some of the processes are very localised spatially, whereas others cross regional and national borders and has effects in far-off territories.
[::] The need to specify a limited number of indicators to make the system as such viable. This meant selecting issues and giving up some problems or natural characteristics of great relevance for a system of environmental indicators.
[::] The data sources must have European coverage. The use of national data sources or sources of some other territorial area is therefore ruled out. After several revisions, the list of indicators proposed is made up of 12 synthetic indicators that we believe can cover the {ESDP} needs. These 12 indicators are:
[\n] S1, Pressures on the environment (Pressure)
[\n] S2, Emissions of polluting gases (Pressure)
[\n] S3, Water quality (State)
[\n] S4, Water resources (State)
[\n] S5, Coastal value (State)
[\n] S6, Ecosystem diversity (State)
[\n] S7, Biodiversity (State)
[\n] S8, Value according to directive {92/43/CEE} (State)
[\n] S9, Potential productivity (State)
[\n] S10, Natural hazards (State)
[\n] S11, Threats on natural resources (State)
[\n] S12, Designated or protected areas (Response)
[\n] We have managed to carry out a trial for six of these indicators. The objective was to have indicators available in the area of  ” natural assets” in order to cross check them with indicators for the other spatial differentiation criteria and obtain some preliminary results. The indicators for which it has been possible to do some kind of trial are:
[::] S1, Pressures on the environment
[::] S2, Emissions of polluting gases acidifying gases
[::] S5, Coastal value
[::] S6, Ecosystem diversity
[::] S10, Natural hazards
[::] S12, Designated or protected areas Many different sources of data of methods have been used for these trials. Therefore, the need to reduce the number of indicators has meant that some of them refer to complex processes and concepts, or are the result of the joint treatment of several data bases, on occasions of different characteristics (ecosystem diversity; pressures on the environment). On the other hand, there have been several factors that have reduced reliability from the results of the trials. From among the most important ones, worthy of special mention are: inadequate data sources, or ones that do not cover the whole territory under study; not having passed a process of validation; using the {NUTS} 2 which is too extensive for the objectives of this project in the case of environmental variables. We therefore understand that these trials have only served as an initial approach and perhaps as a starting point for discussion. In other words, it is not possible to draw reliable territorial conclusions from them.
[Scale and resolution of the analysis] It is important to adequately define the scale of spatial analysis (figure 9). This aspect is vitally important to the results of the project. Perhaps in other areas, such as economic or social analyses, the analysis using large spatial administrative units can obtain reliable results. Nevertheless, when dealing with environmental issues, scale is not only important from a quantitative perspective, but also from a qualitative one as well. In short, one can state that, at a certain scale or using large administrative units, it makes no sense to strive to analyse if what you are attempting to do is to obtain spatial results, since the very size of the unit itself alters the results. The use, as units of reference, of some divisions of a natural or environmental type, such as biogeographical regions or the hydrographical basins should be closely studied. Nevertheless, the need to maintain the capacity of integrating the indicators of the {ESDP} should not be overlooked. The capacity of the {ESDP} system of indicators to act as a spatial differentiation instrument leads us to believe that one of the final objectives of the system of indicators could be the definition of what we could term  ” Homogenous Spatial Units”. These {HSU} could be defined as the parts of Europe with similar characteristics, not only according to the natural or environmental criteria, but also with regard to the rest of the criteria of spatial differentiation. The definition of these units on a detailed scale (for example: sets of {NUTS} 5 that constitute homogenous areas within the regions) would allow us to obtain conclusions in terms of strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats. It also would make it easier to achieve the objectives and purposes that the {ESDP} pursues (cohesion / balance; sustainable development / protection; territorial competitiveness / development).
[Data sources] An important part of the effort put into the work has been in finding and making a primary inventory of the data sources on environmental issues. The panorama of these sources caused us to be optimistic at the beginning of the work, mainly due to the existence of some sections of {GISCO}, of the {CORINE} Programme, with their different projects and various environmental reports that gave information about Europe with a view of the whole, even beyond the {EU} borders. The reality of the matter, as we later discovered, despite the cordial and efficient collaboration of the {EEA}, has been quite different: the following is a detailed report on some of the difficulties related to data sources that showed up during our work:
[::] The version of the {CORINE} Land Cover to which we had access, gives rise to quite a serious problem which consists of the lack of uniformity of the legends for some countries. Nevertheless, it has turned out to be the only data source that has enabled the carrying out of a spatial analysis of the European territory to the necessary scale.
[::] The data sources consulted regarding inland waters or polluting gas emissions had a resolution that did not advise their treatment, since this would make it impossible to obtain spatial results.
[::] The access or availability to some data sources that we had planned to use required complicated paperwork that would probably exceed the time allotted to conclude the assigned work (biodiversity or threats on natural resources). In spite of all these problems, we must point out that the institutions and organisations that possess them have been willing to collaborate at all times.
[::] Other data sources are not yet available (for example, {CDDA}).
[::] The reports on environmental issues elaborated for Europe do not appear to have given rise to a cartographic database and the {EEA} does not have the corresponding digital information. The following are some complementary considerations referring to data sources:
[::] It is essential to have environmental databases that are adequately georeferenced, with complete European coverage and proven consistency and homogenisation, these being characteristics that are vital if we are to adapt to the objectives of territorial analysis.
[::] One of the important gaps observed is the lack of a data source that allows for the establishment of a degree of naturalness of European forests. Without this source of results, the naturalness analysis of the territory is greatly altered.
[::] It is necessary to fill some important gaps such as the availability of a Digital Model of the Terrain for Europe with appropriate resolution.
[::] In order to elaborate territorial indicators with environmental response, it is necessary to have data bases related with environmental economy and expense, that offer information regarding the investment in environmental improvement programmes, investment of funds from the {EU}, from the States and from the Regional and Local Administrations.},
    author = {Marqu\'{\i}nez, Jorge and Colina, Arturo and Garc\'{\i}a, Pilar and Men\'{e}ndez, Rosana and Groth, Niels B. and \'{A}lvarez, Miguel and Lobo, Tom\'{a}s},
    citeulike-article-id = {13546849},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13546849},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.mcrit.com/SPESP/SPESP\_REPORT/natural\_assets.pdf},
    institution = {European Commission,  Spanish Environment Ministry, INDUROT, University of Oviedo},
    keywords = {biodiversity, clc, complexity, disturbances, ecosystem, europe, forest-resources, homogenous-spatial-units, indicators, indices, integration-techniques, knowledge-integration, land-cover, natural-hazards, similarity, spatial-pattern, water-resources},
    posted-at = {2015-03-11 17:45:15},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Development of indicators reflecting criteria of spatial differentiation - 1.6. Natural assets environmental indicators},
    url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13546849},
    year = {1999}
}

@article{quezelBiodiversityConservationForest1999,
  title = {Biodiversity and Conservation of Forest Species in the {{Mediterranean}} Basin},
  author = {Qu{\'e}zel, Pierre and M{\'e}dail, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Loisel, Roger and Barbero, Marcel},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {50},
  pages = {21--28},
  issn = {0041-6436},
  abstract = {The plant diversity of Mediterranean forests is much greater than that of European forests. This rich diversity is a result of palaeogeographical (Verlaque et al., 1997) and historical factors as well as ecological conditions (Quezel, 1985). The Mediterranean region also shows closer interrelations than any other region in the world between its flora and major landscapes and the human activities that have been moulding them for nearly 10 000 years (Thirgood, 1981; Pons and Quezel, 1985). Indeed, Mediterranean plant biodiversity is to a large extent the result of a traditional and harmonious use of the environment. However, since the end of the nineteenth century, this balance has been upset in most places by overexploitation of natural resources or a general shift away from the land - two processes that have had different but equally harmful consequences for the conservation of species and habitats. Focusing on major or associated forest species, the following points will be examined: i) the wealth of woody species in the two Northern Hemisphere Mediterranean zones (California and the Mediterranean basin); ii) the biogeographical origin of the endemic species; and iii) the heritage value of and threats to species and forests of the Mediterranean region.},
  journal = {Unasylva},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13232515,biodiversity,conservation,ecology,forest-resources,mediterranean-region},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13232515},
  number = {197}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{lugo_will_1999,
	title = {Will concern for biodiversity spell doom to tropical forest management?},
	volume = {240},
	url = {http://luq.lternet.edu/publications/lterpub/lugowill.htm},
	journal = {The Science of the total environment},
	author = {Lugo, A.E.},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {LUQ, biodiversity, conservation, tropical forests, protected areas, logging, mahogany}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{lyons_hemispheric_1999,
	title = {A hemispheric assessment of scale dependence in latitudinal gradients ofspecies richness},
	volume = {80},
	url = {http://luq.lternet.edu/publications/lterpub/lyonahem.htm},
	journal = {Ecology},
	author = {Lyons, S.K. and Willig, M. R.},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {LUQ, biodiversity, bats, macroecology, areography, geographical ecology, marsupials, scale dependence}
}

@incollection{huenneke_arid_1995,
	address = {Cambridge},
	title = {Arid and semi-arid lands},
	booktitle = {Global {Biodiversity} {Assessment}},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Huenneke, L.F. and Noble, IR},
	editor = {Heywood, V.H. (eds.)},
	year = {1995},
	keywords = {JRN, biodiversity, water}
}

@article{ehrlichBiodiversityStudiesScience1991,
  title = {Biodiversity Studies: Science and Policy},
  author = {Ehrlich, Paul R. and Wilson, Edward O.},
  year = {1991},
  month = aug,
  volume = {253},
  pages = {758--762},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  doi = {10.1126/science.253.5021.758},
  abstract = {Biodiversity studies comprise the systematic examination of the full array of different kinds of organisms together with the technology by which the diversity can be maintained and used for the benefit of humanity. Current basic research at the species level focuses on the process of species formation, the standing levels of species numbers in various higher taxonomic categories, and the phenomena of hyperdiversity and extinction proneness. The major practical concern is the massive extinction rate now caused by human activity, which threatens losses in the esthetic quality of the world, in economic opportunity, and in vital ecosystem services.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13908742,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,ecosystem-services,precursor-research,science-policy-interface},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13908742},
  number = {5021}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Biodiversity patterns in the Southern Ocean: lessons from Crustacea},
 type = {article},
 keywords = {antarctic,biodiversity,biogeography,crustaceans,latitudinal gradients,taxonomic},
 pages = {201-214},
 id = {ee4b09a1-31f9-3cef-bc79-2b032fd4f405},
 created = {2012-10-04T09:25:12.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {c6c6f844-18d2-32db-a619-2e915134a952},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {De Broyer, Claude and Jazdzewski, Krzysztof and Dauby, Patrick},
 journal = {World}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mckerrow_patterns_nodate,
	title = {Patterns of species richness hotspots and estimates of their protection are sensitive to spatial resolution},
	volume = {0},
	copyright = {© 2018 The Authors. 
         Diversity and Distributions Published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	issn = {1472-4642},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ddi.12779},
	doi = {10.1111/ddi.12779},
	abstract = {Aim Species richness is a measure of biodiversity often used in spatial conservation assessments and mapped by summing species distribution maps. Commission errors inherent those maps influence richness patterns and conservation assessments. We sought to further the understanding of the sensitivity of hotspot delineation methods and conservation assessments to commission errors, and choice of threshold for hotspot delineation. Location United States. Methods We created range maps and 30-m and 1-km resolution habitat maps for terrestrial vertebrates in the United States and generated species richness maps with each dataset. With the richness maps and the GAP Protected Areas Dataset, we created species richness hotspot maps and calculated the proportion of hotspots within protected areas; calculating protection under a range of thresholds for defining hotspots. Our method allowed us to identify the influence of commission errors by comparing hotspot maps. Results Commission errors from coarse spatial grain data and lack of porosity in the range data inflated richness estimates and altered their spatial patterns. Coincidence of hotspots from different data types was low. The 30-m hotspots were spatially dispersed, and some were very long distances from the hotspots mapped with coarser data. Estimates of protection were low for each of the taxa. The relationship between estimates of hotspot protection and threshold choice was nonlinear and inconsistent among data types (habitat and range) and grain size (30-m and 1-km). Main conclusions Coarse mapping methods and grain sizes can introduce commission errors into species distribution data that could result in misidentifications of the regions where hotspots occur and affect estimates of hotspot protection. Hotspot conservation assessments are also sensitive to choice of threshold for hotspot delineation. There is value in developing species distribution maps with high resolution and low rates of commission error for conservation assessments.},
	language = {en},
	number = {0},
	urldate = {2018-05-30TZ},
	journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
	author = {McKerrow, Alexa J. and Tarr, Nathan M. and Rubino, Matthew J. and Williams, Steven G.},
	keywords = {biodiversity, habitat models, hotspots, map resolution, protected areas, species protection, species richness}
}