Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{canto_syntaxonomical_2024,
	title = {Syntaxonomical checklist and vegetation series of {Sierra} de {Guadarrama} {National} {Park} ({Spain})},
	volume = {45},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2023 Mediterranean Botany},
	issn = {2603-9109},
	url = {https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/MBOT/article/view/84904},
	doi = {10.5209/mbot.84904},
	abstract = {Presentamos la revisión y actualización de las comunidades vegetales y series de vegetación del Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Guadarrama y su área de protección periférica. Se reconocen 131 asociaciones pertenecientes a 40 clases fitosociológicas, distribuidas en 9 grupos de vegetación. Se describen 7 nuevas asociaciones.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-03-08},
	journal = {Mediterranean Botany},
	author = {Cantó, Paloma and Rivas-Martínez, Salvador},
	month = jan,
	year = {2024},
	note = {Number: 1},
	keywords = {Botany, Ecology, Ethnobotany, journal, Mediterranean., Vegetation},
	pages = {e84904--e84904},
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{Verfuss2019,
	title = {A review of unmanned vehicles for the detection and monitoring of marine fauna},
	volume = {140},
	issn = {0025-326X},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.009},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.009},
	number = {January},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	author = {Verfuss, Ursula K and Sofia, Ana and Harris, Danielle V and Gillespie, Douglas and Fielding, Sophie and Jiménez, Guillermo and Johnston, Phil and Sinclair, Rachael R and Sivertsen, Agnar and Solbø, Stian A and Storvold, Rune and Biuw, Martin and Wyatt, Roy and Consulting, Smru and Centre, New Technology and Haugh, North and Andrews, St and Ky, Fife},
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier},
	keywords = {Environmental impact assessment, Marine animal monitoring, Offshore industry, Underwater sound, Unmanned vehicles, audio, auv, ecology, soundscape},
	pages = {17--29},
}

@article{burgess_manta_2016,
	title = {Manta birostris, predator of the deep? {Insight} into the diet of the giant manta ray through stable isotope analysis},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2054-5703},
	shorttitle = {Manta birostris, predator of the deep?},
	doi = {10.1098/rsos.160717},
	abstract = {The characterization of diet for the giant manta ray Manta birostris has been problematic given their large-scale movement patterns and the difficulty in obtaining stomach contents from this species. The large majority of existing information is based on observational data limited to feeding events at the sea surface during daylight. Recently discovered aggregation sites for the giant manta ray off mainland Ecuador are some of the most accessible to date and provide a unique opportunity for researchers to gather much needed information on this elusive species. To assess how important surface zooplankton is to giant manta ray diet, we conducted stable isotope analysis (N-15 and C-13) on M. birostris muscle and surface zooplankton. Trophic position estimates placed M. birostris overall at a secondary consumer level of approximately 3.4 but there was large variation in delta N-15 and delta C-13 values among individuals. Manta birostris muscle tissue delta C-13 values were also not consistent with this species feeding predominantly on surface zooplankton and suggest that the majority of dietary intake is of mesopelagic origin. Given the conservative life history and fisheries pressure on large planktivores, knowledge of their trophic role and foraging strategies is essential to better understand their ecology and develop effective conservation measures.},
	language = {English},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
	author = {Burgess, Katherine B. and Couturier, Lydie I. E. and Marshall, Andrea D. and Richardson, Anthony J. and Weeks, Scarla J. and Bennett, Michael B.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2016},
	note = {00000 
WOS:000389244400052},
	keywords = {Diet, Ecology, Mesopelagic, conservation, eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, ecosystem, elasmobranch, mesopelagic fishes, models, nitrogen isotopes, ocean, pacific, planktivore, trophic ecology, trophic position, whale sharks},
	pages = {160717}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Managing marine disease emergencies in an era of rapid change},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {ecology,epidemiology,health and disease and},
 pages = {20150364},
 volume = {371},
 websites = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rstb.2015.0364},
 id = {c96d6187-4baa-3885-a5e2-dbf7c1bb61bc},
 created = {2018-11-01T12:36:30.127Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {1fa2588f-51c8-363f-a9a8-c1bf44b40c2b},
 group_id = {3addd0f7-d578-34d3-be80-24022cc062a1},
 last_modified = {2018-11-01T12:36:43.913Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 folder_uuids = {e49da888-337f-4e4d-86ef-1c4e69723202},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Infectious marine diseases can decimate populations and are increasing among some taxa due to global change and our increasing reliance on marine environments. Marine diseases become emergencies when significant ecological, economic or social impacts occur. We can prepare for and manage these emergencies through improved surveillance, and the development and iterative refinement of approaches to mitigate disease and its impacts. Improving surveillance requires fast, accurate diagnoses, forecasting disease risk and real-time monitoring of disease-promoting environmental conditions. Diversifying impact mitigation involves increasing host resilience to disease, reducing pathogen abundance and managing environmental factors that facilitate disease. Disease surveillance and mitigation can be adaptive if informed by research advances and catalysed by communication among observers, researchers and decision-makers using information-sharing platforms. Recent increases in the awareness of the threats posed by marine diseases may lead to policy frameworks that facilitate the responses and management that marine disease emergencies require.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Groner, Maya L. and Maynard, Jeffrey and Breyta, Rachel and Carnegie, Ryan B. and Dobson, Andy and Friedman, Carolyn S. and Froelich, Brett and Garren, Melissa and Gulland, Frances M. D. and Heron, Scott F. and Noble, Rachel T. and Revie, Crawford W. and Shields, Jeffrey D. and Vanderstichel, Raphaël and Weil, Ernesto and Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy and Harvell, C. Drew},
 journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}
}

@article{olanoBlackWoodpeckerDryocopus2015,
  title = {Black Woodpecker {{Dryocopus}} Martius ({{L}}., 1758) Distribution, Abundance, Habitat Use and Breeding Performance in a Recently Colonized Region in {{SW Europe}}},
  author = {Olano, Mikel and Aierbe, Tomas and Be{\~n}aran, Haritz and Hurtado, Rober and Ugarte, Jon and Urruzola, Aitzol and V{\'a}zquez, Jabier and Ansorregi, Fermin and Galdos, Aitor and Gracianteparaluceta, Ana and {Fern{\'a}ndez-Gar{\'c}{\i}a}, Jos{\'e} M.},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {63},
  issn = {2172-4547},
  abstract = {At the southwestern edge of its global distribution, the Pyrenean population of the black woodpecker Dryocopus martius has increased its range during the last three decades, colonizing new areas where the species was previously unknown. This is the case for Gipuzkoa, where a systematic survey was performed in the breeding season of 2013 aimed at describing the species distribution, abundance, habitat use and reproductive performance. Potential locations were identified using forest inventories and were visited since January until March. Locations were considered occupied when nests or pairs were found, or single individuals were detected during three consecutive visits. Breeding performance in active nests was monitored during May and June. We found 21 breeding home ranges, mainly distributed across the Eastern and Southern fringes of the study area. The environmental variables positively related to the presence of breeding home ranges were higher proportions of canopy cover, mature structure of the stand, cover of beech Fagus sylvatica, mixed deciduous and black pine Pinus nigra stands, and unfragmented forest patches. Monterey pine P. radiata plantations and low tree heights were negatively selected. Preferred foraging areas comprised proportions of American oak Quercus rubra and black pine plantations. Thirteen active nests were found. All nests but two were excavated in beech trees. Breeding success was high (92\%) but fledging success (1.8) was below the average reported in Europe, suggesting intrinsic limitations associated to a peripheral population.

[Excerpt: Discussion]

[::The colonizing process] The absence of paleozoological records for the black woodpecker in Europe west and south of the Alps might suggest that the species is a historic colonizer of the Atlantic section of the continent (Arribas, 2004; Holm \& Svenning, 2014). During the 20th century, considerable range expansions have been described in The Netherlands, Belgium, France and Italy, with birds invading lowland, reforested regions (Cuisin, 1985; Mikusinski, 1995; Cuisin, 1998; Ceccarelli et al., 2008). In Northern Iberia, at the south-western edge of the global distribution, the black woodpecker has also increased its breeding range, colonizing formerly vacant areas over the last 30 years (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2004; Camprodon et al., 2007). In Gipuzkoa, the first report of the black woodpecker dates back to the 1960's (Noval, 1967), but until the 2000's the species was extremely rare and irregular (Gainzarain, 1998; Aierbe et al., 2001). In 2011, the first successful reproduction was confirmed (Ruiz de Azua, 2012), though, without doubt, the Black Woodpecker was already breeding a few years before (T. Aierbe, com. pers.).

[\textbackslash n] This particular colonizing event is part of the wider range expansion across the Basque Mountains, which is currently filling the intermediate gap between the Pyrenean and the Cantabrian populations (Gainzarain \& Fern\'andez-Gar\'c\i a, 2013). The geographic origin of this recent population is unknown so far. There is not genetic or ringing information to support a Cantabrian or Pyrenean origin, which are the closest source areas. However, based on the favourable population trend of the neighbouring Pyrenean population (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2004), opposite to the Cantabrian one (Simal \& Herrero, 2003; Gar\'c\i a, 2008; S\'anchez et al., 2009), it is plausible to speculate about a Pyrenean origin.

[\textbackslash n] The black woodpecker fulfills several biological features that Mikusinski (2006) related to decline-prone woodpecker species in transformed landscapes, like large body size and extensive home-ranges, therefore needing a network of vast forest tracts to maintain viable populations. But, on the the other hand, this species maintains a huge distribution indicating adaptability (Croci et al., 2007), is relatively tolerant to forestry practices (C\'arcamo, 2006) which associates to rapid occupation of vacant habitats (Villard \& Taylor, 1994), and has good dispersal abilities, in turn related to the velocity of expansion (Lensink, 1997). Although there are hardly any studies in Europe reporting on emigration and immigration rates (Passinelli, 2006), recoveries of ringed birds show a noticeable proportion of long post-juvenile movements (Gorman, 2011) and high average natal dispersal distance (16.25 km in Denmark; Christensen, 2002). Both this kind of life-history traits and tolerance to disturbance are fair predictors of colonizer birds (Shigesada \& Kawasaki, 2002) and may explain the black woodpecker capability to expand its distribution, as shown from our study area.

[\textbackslash n] At the continental scale, the expansion of the black woodpeckers' range has been attributed to extensive coniferous reforestation (Mikusinski, 1995), but at the regional scale more emphasis is placed on forest maturation, due to a decline in timber exploitation (Gil- Tena et al., 2010). The occupancy of patches in Gipuzkoa did not seem to be influenced by distance to population sources, which was not unexpected given the comparatively small scale of our study area. In the Eastern Pyrenees, about three times larger, the pattern of colonization by the black woodpecker was mediated by connectivity among forest patches, depending in turn on distance to source and forest structure (i. e. basal area; Gil- Tena et al., 2013). The availability of a network of stepping stones is crucial to explain the progressive spread of the population (Saura et al., 2014). Such spatially explicit models could be improved if indicators of foraging quality, such as availability of dead wood, are taken into account (see below). Foraging quality enhances breeding performance and the production of a surplus of individuals than can disperse to non-occupied patches (Newton, 1998).

[::Plantations and the black woodpecker] The black woodpecker inhabits several different types of Palearctic boreal and temperate forests, including coniferous plantations (Mikusinski, 1995; Gorman, 2011). In boreal and hemiboreal forests, the species is tolerant to plantation managing, provided that thick trunks (diameter {$>$}40 cm) for excavating nests remain, and decaying trees are also left as foraging substrates (Angelstam \& Mikusinski, 1994). In the framework of worldwide afforestation and reforestation activities for commercial purposes, intense debates focus on the effect of plantation forestry on biodiversity (Bremer \& Farley, 2010). As for birds, metaanalyses in Europe have shown that landscape history and spatial structure (patch size, matrix pattern) are probably more informative in explaining species richness than management at the stand scale (Paillet et al., 2009).

[\textbackslash n] Extensive Monterey pine plantations in Northern Spain have contributed to the restoration of forest bird communities (Carrascal \& Telle\'r\i a, 1990), but for the black woodpecker in particular our study has found a number of limitations. Plantations of this pine species in the Basque region are a novel habitat for the black woodpecker across its entire range (Mead, 2013). The species' selection for nesting habitats is rather demanding, both for cavity- trees and cavity-tree plots (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2001; Camprodon et al., 2007; Pirovano \& Zecca, 2014). Preference for beech as nesting substrate has been demonstrated over much of Western Europe (Gorman, 2011; Zahner et al., 2012), and our own data supports this view. Beech trees provide less accessible nests: high holes and smooth bark are associated to lower predation pressure (Zahner \& Bauer, 2014). But pine trees (i.e. black pine, Scots pine) are also used in some mountain regions, like the Pyrenees and the Alps, in similar proportion to their availability on the landscape (Mar{\'t}\i nez-Vidal, 2001; Bocca et al., 2007). In Gipuzkoa, the avoidance of Monterey pine patches deserves further research, but the reason may lie on the combined absence of suitable (i.e thick, tall and debranched) nesting trees and the scarcity of foraging resources in dense, shaded stands (see below). On the contrary, stands of mixed deciduous trees were favoured because they probably supply hole-trees (beech and American oak, even though these two species do not dominate such stands). Because of the forest history of the study area, mixed deciduous stands appear scattered at lower altitudes, surrounded by the matrix of Monterey pine plantations. Similarly, Bocca et al. (2007) found a negative selection for the mountain pine Pinus uncinata in the Alps -in spite of accounting for half of the surface of their study area- attributed to the unsuitable tree conformation and the dense structure of this kind of forest.

[::The role of habitat fragmentation] An interesting outcome was the influence of the spatial structure of the habitat on the presence of black woodpecker BHR. Fragmentation of suitable forest patches embedded in a matrix dominated by intensively managed plantations largely determines the composition of bird assemblages (Estades \& Temple, 1999) but in a species-specific-way (M\"onkkonen et al., 2014). Woodpeckers are thought to be relatively tolerant to fragmentation because, as primary cavity-nesters, they avoid the increasing effect of predation while decreasing patch size. This seems to be the case for the black woodpecker, whose density and breeding performance was not influenced by fragmentation in Sweden (Tjernber et al. 1993) or landscape structure in Finland (Brotons et al., 2003).

[\textbackslash n] But more detailed analyses have shown differences referred to patch size and density of edges in another generalist species, the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major (Mazgajski \& Rejt, 2006; Barbaro et al., 2007). Reduced clutch size, low number of fledglings and delayed breeding phenology were observed in smaller woodlots. Therefore even generalist woodpeckers can be sensitive to fragmentation processes, and this could also apply to the black woodpecker (Mikusinski, 1995). The preference for larger, less complex forest patches in our study area, as opposed to the pattern over much of the species range (Rueda et al., 2013), might indicate that the spatial structure plays an increasing role as departing from the range core. This idea is also supported by the fact that such a preference has also been described in other peripheral areas, namely Northern Scandinavia and the Pyrenees (Tjernberg et al., 1993; Garmendia et al., 2006), regardless of their varying degree of forest fragmentation at the European landscape level (Estreguil et al., 2013).

[::Is breeding performance limited by habitat or demography?] A high percentage of the monitored nests produced fledglings. The review of Passinelli (2006) reported a median breeding success of 80.2\,\% (55-96\,\% in 12 studies from France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden and Finland); the figure in our study area was close to the highest section of that range. This might be an artifact because precision of nest success estimates depends on sample size (Pac\'l\i k et al., 2009) and breeding failures at the stages of nesting and incubation are more difficult to detect, but the same could be applied to the mentioned studies, and the intensity of our field effort suggests that the breeding success was indeed relatively high. On the contrary, the number of fledglings per successful nest was low, if compared to the average 3.3 given over of the above referred studies (Passinelli, 2006). Our figure is based on a one-year monitoring, but additional data from previous years were in accordance with this (Ruiz de Azua, 2012; T. Aierbe, pers. com.).

[\textbackslash n] Although clutch size has been reported to be influenced by latitude in many bird species, other breeding parameters such as the number of fledglings per successful nest probably depend less on geographical determinants (Sanz, 1998). Reproductive performance in the black woodpecker is influenced by territory quality (Rolstad et al., 2000) and, possibly, by age, experience, duration of bond and kinship between the pair members, although these latter aspects have seldom been investigated in European woodpeckers (Christensen \& Kampp, 2003; Passinelli, 2006). Regarding our study area, we do not have data to exclude any of these hypotheses. As for the first, the high proportion of exotic tree stands in black woodpecker territories may limit the availability of invertebrates as foraging resources, and drive higher chick mortality, as has been suggested for forest passerines in Monterey pine plantations (De la Hera et al., 2013). Epigeal ant and beetle abundances are very impoverished in Monterey pine plantations from Australia and South America, where this tree is also aloctonous (Gunther \& New, 2003; Sinclair \& New, 2004; Corley et al., 2006; Paritsis \& Aitzen, 2008).

[\textbackslash n] In our study area, Alberdi et al. (2012) measured a lower frequency of occurrence of ground-dwelling ant (Lasius spp., Formica spp.) mounds on Monterey pine plots (11\,\%, N=392), beech (7 \%, N=157), black pine (7 \%, N=54) and larch, Douglas fir and Lawson cypress (9 \%, N=118), as opposed to oak and mixed deciduous plots (19 \%, N=209). This data does not explain the foraging use by the black woodpecker, possibly because the abundance of ground-dwelling ants is not a reliable indicator of foraging habitat quality in our study area. Although these ants are known to be a part of the black woodpecker's diet, arboreal carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) are the staple food in Europe (Rolstad et al., 1998; Gorman, 2011). The abundance of carpenter ants and saproxylophagous prey is primarily related to the shading and canopy cover (Dolek et al., 2009; Lemperiere \& Marage, 2010). In Gipuzkoa, black pine stands are more sun-exposed than Monterey pine and beech stands, as deduced by the average herbaceous covers (28.5, 18.6 and 12.1 \% respectively). In the Pyrenees, unmanaged patches of black pine are known to be good foraging sites (Camprodon et al., 2007).

[\textbackslash n] Overall, these differences may account for the foraging habitat use of the black woodpecker, even acknowledging the need for in-site field data to counteract the presumed high variability in determinants of foraging habitat quality (Gonz\'alez \& Villate, 2003; Pirovano \& Zecca, 2014). Being a '' generalist-forager'' species, the black woodpecker is able to exploit several forest development phases (Begehold et al., 2015) in search of the most available prey types, thriving on dead wood (arboreal ants, saproxylophagous beetles) or on alternative substrates (ground-dwelling ants). Its dependence on dead wood volume seems not to be as intense as in other European woodpeckers (Garmendia et al., 2006; Lohmus et al., 2010; Camprodon, 2013).

[\textbackslash n] As for the second hypothesis, poor reproduction may be associated to demographic issues. For instance, if a greater proportion of young, dispersing birds from the core range was present in this area of recent colonization, lower breeding output could be expected (Karvonen et al., 2012). Peripheral populations may experience continual gene flow from central parts of the range, slowing the rate of adaptation to local conditions (Kawecki, 2008; Martin \& Liebl, 2014). This kind of population can turn into demographic sinks, the persistence of which is favoured by dispersers from core areas with higher survival and reproduction (Newton, 2003). We do not have data to support or dismiss this hypothesis, but it deserves future study, because understanding demographic and spatial dynamics across central and marginal range sectors is key to determine the conservation status and perspectives of populations (Passinelli, 2006).

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  journal = {Munibe Ciencias Naturales},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13911737,biodiversity,bird-conservation,conservation,dryocopus-martius,ecology,ecosystem,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,pinus-nigra,pinus-radiata,pyrenees-region,quercus-rubra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13911737}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Competition for resources can explain patterns of social and individual learning in nature},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {computational biology,ecology,evolution},
 pages = {20151405},
 volume = {282},
 websites = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1815/20151405.abstract,http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rspb.2015.1405},
 month = {9},
 day = {22},
 id = {70b7820e-ca36-3fbe-b961-a48a39190de1},
 created = {2016-05-10T10:31:52.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {cbfffa41-b3e1-34b2-9df9-767a48e56bc8},
 last_modified = {2016-05-10T14:35:50.000Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Smolla2015},
 abstract = {In nature, animals often ignore socially available information despite the multiple theoretical benefits of social learning over individual trial-and-error learning. Using information filtered by others is quicker, more efficient and less risky than randomly sampling the environment. To explain the mix of social and individual learning used by animals in nature, most models penalize the quality of socially derived information as either out of date, of poor fidelity or costly to acquire. Competition for limited resources, a fundamental evolutionary force, provides a compelling, yet hitherto overlooked, explanation for the evolution of mixed-learning strategies. We present a novel model of social learning that incorporates competition and demonstrates that (i) social learning is favoured when competition is weak, but (ii) if competition is strong social learning is favoured only when resource quality is highly variable and there is low environmental turnover. The frequency of social learning in our model always evolves until it reduces the mean foraging success of the population. The results of our model are consistent with empirical studies showing that individuals rely less on social information where resources vary little in quality and where there is high within-patch competition. Our model provides a framework for understanding the evolution of social learning, a prerequisite for human cumulative culture.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Smolla, Marco and Gilman, R Tucker and Galla, Tobias and Shultz, Susanne},
 journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences},
 number = {1815}
}

@article{caudulloApplyingGeospatialSemantic2014,
  title = {Applying {{Geospatial Semantic Array Programming}} for a Reproducible Set of Bioclimatic Indices in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Caudullo, Giovanni},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {877975+},
  doi = {10.1101/009589},
  abstract = {Bioclimate-driven regression analysis is a widely used approach for modelling ecological niches and zonation. Although the bioclimatic complexity of the European continent is high, a particular combination of 12 climatic and topographic covariates was recently found able to reliably reproduce the ecological zoning of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for forest resources assessment at pan-European scale, generating the first fuzzy similarity map of FAO ecozones in Europe. The reproducible procedure followed to derive this collection of bioclimatic indices is now presented. It required an integration of data-transformation modules (D-TM) using geospatial tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and array-based mathematical implementation such as semantic array programming (SemAP). Base variables, intermediate and final covariates are described and semantically defined by providing the workflow of D-TMs and the mathematical formulation following the SemAP notation. Source layers to derive base variables were extracted by exclusively relying on global-scale public open geodata in order for the same set of bioclimatic covariates to be reproducible in any region worldwide. In particular, two freely available datasets were exploited for temperature and precipitation (WorldClim) and elevation (Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data). The working extent covers the European continent to the Urals with a resolution of 30 arc-second. The proposed set of bioclimatic covariates will be made available as open data in the European Forest Data Centre (EFDAC). The forthcoming complete set of D-TM codelets will enable the 12 covariates to be easily reproduced and expanded through free software.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {1410.2707},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  journal = {IEEE Earthzine},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13385094,bioclimatic-predictors,ecological-zones,ecology,europe,fagus-sylvatica,geospatial,geospatial-semantic-array-programming,semantic-array-programming,semap,solar-radiation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13385094},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{cristo_simplified_2014,
	title = {Simplified wave models applicability to shallow mud flows modeled as power-law fluids},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1672-6316, 1993-0321},
	url = {http://link.springer.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/article/10.1007/s11629-014-3065-6},
	doi = {10.1007/s11629-014-3065-6},
	abstract = {Simplified wave models — such as kinematic, diffusion and quasi-steady — are widely employed as a convenient replacement of the full dynamic one in the analysis of unsteady open-channel flows, and especially for flood routing. While their use may guarantee a significant reduction of the computational effort, it is mandatory to define the conditions in which they may be confidently applied. The present paper investigates the applicability conditions of the kinematic, diffusion and quasisteady dynamic shallow wave models for mud flows of power-law fluids. The power-law model describes in an adequate and convenient way fluids that at low shear rates fluids do not posses yield stress, such as clay or kaolin suspensions, which are frequently encountered in Chinese rivers. In the framework of a linear analysis, the propagation characteristics of a periodic perturbation of an initial steady uniform flow predicted by the simplified models are compared with those of the full dynamic one. Based on this comparison, applicability criteria for the different wave approximations for mud flood of power-law fluids are derived. The presented results provide guidelines for selecting the appropriate approximation for a given flow problem, and therefore they may represent a useful tool for engineering predictions.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2015-12-29TZ},
	journal = {Journal of Mountain Science},
	author = {Cristo, Cristiana Di and Iervolino, Michele and Vacca, Andrea},
	month = nov,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Earth Sciences, general, Ecology, Environment, general, Geography (general), Power-law fluid, Shallow flows, Simplified wave models, Unsteady flows},
	pages = {1454--1465}
}

@article{dakosCriticalSlowingEarly2014,
  title = {Critical Slowing down as Early Warning for the Onset of Collapse in Mutualistic Communities},
  author = {Dakos, Vasilis and Bascompte, Jordi},
  year = {2014},
  month = dec,
  volume = {111},
  pages = {17546--17551},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1406326111},
  abstract = {[Significance]

Little is known on whether structurally diverse ecological networks may respond abruptly to anthropogenic stress and even less on our ability to detect such responses in advance. By simulating mutualistic communities en route to a tipping point, we show how critical slowing-down indicators may be used as early warnings for the collapse of ecological networks. Our findings not only confirm the existence of the generic dynamical signatures of tipping points in ecological networks but also suggest a promising way for identifying most vulnerable components in a broad class of networks at the brink of collapse.

[Abstract]

Tipping points are crossed when small changes in external conditions cause abrupt unexpected responses in the current state of a system. In the case of ecological communities under stress, the risk of approaching a tipping point is unknown, but its stakes are high. Here, we test recently developed critical slowing-down indicators as early-warning signals for detecting the proximity to a potential tipping point in structurally complex ecological communities. We use the structure of 79 empirical mutualistic networks to simulate a scenario of gradual environmental change that leads to an abrupt first extinction event followed by a sequence of species losses until the point of complete community collapse. We find that critical slowing-down indicators derived from time series of biomasses measured at the species and community level signal the proximity to the onset of community collapse. In particular, we identify specialist species as likely the best-indicator species for monitoring the proximity of a community to collapse. In addition, trends in slowing-down indicators are strongly correlated to the timing of species extinctions. This correlation offers a promising way for mapping species resilience and ranking species risk to extinction in a given community. Our findings pave the road for combining theory on tipping points with patterns of network structure that might prove useful for the management of a broad class of ecological networks under global environmental change.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13459637,anthropogenic-impacts,ecological-networks,ecology,indicators,non-linearity,risk-assessment,system-catastrophe,tipping-point},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13459637},
  number = {49}
}

@article{rippleStatusEcologicalEffects2014,
  title = {Status and Ecological Effects of the World's Largest Carnivores},
  author = {Ripple, William J. and Estes, James A. and Beschta, Robert L. and Wilmers, Christopher C. and Ritchie, Euan G. and Hebblewhite, Mark and Berger, Joel and Elmhagen, Bodil and Letnic, Mike and Nelson, Michael P. and Schmitz, Oswald J. and Smith, Douglas W. and Wallach, Arian D. and Wirsing, Aaron J.},
  year = {2014},
  month = jan,
  volume = {343},
  pages = {1241484+},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1241484},
  abstract = {The largest terrestrial species in the order Carnivora are wide-ranging and rare because of their positions at the top of food webs. They are some of the world's most admired mammals and, ironically, some of the most imperiled. Most have experienced substantial population declines and range contractions throughout the world during the past two centuries. Because of the high metabolic demands that come with endothermy and large body size, these carnivores often require large prey and expansive habitats. These food requirements and wide-ranging behavior often bring them into conflict with humans and livestock. This, in addition to human intolerance, renders them vulnerable to extinction. Large carnivores face enormous threats that have caused massive declines in their populations and geographic ranges, including habitat loss and degradation,persecution, utilization, and depletion of prey. We highlight how these threats can affect theconservation status and ecological roles of this planet's 31 largest carnivores.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12904809,~to-add-doi-URL,anthropogenic-impacts,carnivores,ecology,ecosystem-conservation,ecosystem-resilience,ecosystem-services,forest-resources,fragmentation,integrated-modelling,mammals,non-linearity},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12904809},
  number = {6167}
}

@article{huangReproducibilityEcologicalResearch2014,
  title = {Reproducibility in Ecological Research},
  author = {Huang, Xiaolei},
  year = {2014},
  month = dec,
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.346.6215.1307-c},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] The editorial by M. McNutt ( '' Journals unite for reproducibility,'' 7 November, p. 679, published online 5 November) describes an updated version of the solution from journals, including Science and Nature, for reproducibility in biomedical research. If the new policy is to be widely implemented by scientific journals, then the changes must be consistent and mandatory. Reproducibility is not just relevant for biomedical research. Ecology and biodiversity scientists are also increasingly concerned about issues of reproducibility and data sharing (1-3). Reproducibility is challenging for ecology and biodiversity science because experiments are usually undertaken under natural conditions in the field, across different spatial and temporal scales (4). [...]},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13547574,~to-add-doi-URL,ecology,reproducibility,reproducible-research},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13547574}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{moritz_learning_2014,
	title = {Learning to coexist with wildfire},
	volume = {515},
	copyright = {2014 Springer Nature Limited},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13946},
	doi = {10.1038/nature13946},
	abstract = {The impacts of escalating wildfire in many regions — the lives and homes lost, the expense of suppression and the damage to ecosystem services — necessitate a more sustainable coexistence with wildfire. Climate change and continued development on fire-prone landscapes will only compound current problems. Emerging strategies for managing ecosystems and mitigating risks to human communities provide some hope, although greater recognition of their inherent variation and links is crucial. Without a more integrated framework, fire will never operate as a natural ecosystem process, and the impact on society will continue to grow. A more coordinated approach to risk management and land-use planning in these coupled systems is needed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {7525},
	urldate = {2025-03-14},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Moritz, Max A. and Batllori, Enric and Bradstock, Ross A. and Gill, A. Malcolm and Handmer, John and Hessburg, Paul F. and Leonard, Justin and McCaffrey, Sarah and Odion, Dennis C. and Schoennagel, Tania and Syphard, Alexandra D.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2014},
	note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Earth and environmental sciences, Ecology},
	pages = {58--66},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{pickett_ecological_2013,
	title = {Ecological science and transformation to the sustainable city},
	volume = {32},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.02.008},
	abstract = {There is growing urgency to enhance the sustainability of existing and emerging cities. The science of ecology, especially as it interacts with disciplines in the social sciences and urban design, has contributions to make to the sustainable transformation of urban systems. Not all possible urban transformations may lead toward sustainability. Ecological science helps identify components of resilience that can favor transformations that are more sustainable. To summarize the dynamics and choices involved in sustainable transformations, a “metacity” framework is presented, embracing ecological processes in cities as complementary to those involving society, power, and economy.},
	author = {Pickett, STA and Boone, CG and McGrath, B and Cadenasso, ML and Childers, DL and Ogden, LA and McHale, MR and Grove, JM},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {BES, FCE, city, City, ecology, resilience, sustainability, urban}
}

@article{boeroObservationalArticlesTool2013,
  title = {Observational Articles: A Tool to Reconstruct Ecological History Based on Chronicling Unusual Events},
  author = {Boero, Ferdinando},
  year = {2013},
  month = aug,
  volume = {2},
  pages = {168+},
  issn = {2046-1402},
  doi = {10.12688/f1000research.2-168.v1},
  abstract = {Natural history is based on observations, whereas modern ecology is mostly based on experiments aimed at testing hypotheses, either in the field or in a computer. Furthermore, experiments often reveal generalities that are taken as norms. Ecology, however, is a historical discipline and history is driven by both regularities (deriving from norms) and irregularities, or contingencies, which occur when norms are broken. If only norms occured, there would be no history. The current disregard for the importance of contingencies and anecdotes is preventing us from understanding ecological history. We need rules and norms, but we also need records about apparently irrelevant things that, in non-linear systems like ecological ones, might become the drivers of change and, thus, the determinants of history. The same arguments also hold in the field of evolutionary biology, with natural selection being the ecological driver of evolutionary change. It is important that scientists are able to publish potentially important observations, particularly those that are unrelated to their current projects that have no sufficient grounds to be framed into a classical eco-evolutionary paper, and could feasibly impact on the history of the systems in which they occurred. A report on any deviation from the norm would be welcome, from the disappearance of species to their sudden appearance in great quantities. Any event that an '' expert eye'' (i.e. the eye of a naturalist) might judge as potentially important is worth being reported.},
  journal = {F1000Research},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13475904,bias-toward-primacy-of-theory-over-reality,data,data-sharing,ecology,epistemology,unexpected-effect},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13475904}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{verschuur_ecosystems_2013,
	title = {Ecosystems in the {Backyard}: {Preparing} a {Diverse} {Outdoor} {Environment} for {Primary} ({Ages} {Three} to {Six}) {Children}},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {1522-9734},
	url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1078010},
	abstract = {Mary Verschuur chronicles the outdoor work of Lincoln Montessori School in prairie, forest, and indoor greenhouse environments, pointing out the application of the prepared environment principles to the natural world. Implicit to the design are opportunities for caring, including various practical life exercises with outdoor tools blended into each habitat. The repeating cycles of nature and its seasons are part of the yearly cycle of children in multi-age groups, adding to sensory richness and hands-on tasks. Lincoln Montessori School demonstrates how schools can model simple and well-thought-out solutions with minimum expense and maximum engagement. [Reprinted from "The NAMTA Journal" 28,1 (2003, Winter): 195-204.]},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	journal = {NAMTA Journal},
	author = {Verschuur, Mary B.},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Montessori Method, Primary Education, Montessori Schools, Ecology, Environmental Education, Young Children, Outdoor Education, Physical Environment},
	pages = {61--65}
}

@article{cameronPublicationRateEqual2013,
  title = {Is Publication Rate an Equal Opportunity Metric?},
  author = {Cameron, Elissa Z. and Gray, Meeghan E. and White, Angela M.},
  year = {2013},
  month = jan,
  volume = {28},
  pages = {7--8},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.014},
  abstract = {Publication quantity is frequently used as a ranking metric for employment, promotion, and grant success, and is considered an unbiased metric for comparing applicants. However, research suggests that women publish fewer papers, such that the measure may not be equitable. We suggest reasons for the disparity, and potential future remedies. Publication quality and impact provide more equitable metrics of research performance and should be stressed above publication quantity.},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11663893,citation-metrics,ecology,feedback,gender-biases,research-funding,research-metrics,science-ethics},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11663893},
  number = {1}
}

@article{boydConsequenceTreePests2013,
  title = {The Consequence of Tree Pests and Diseases for Ecosystem Services},
  author = {Boyd, I. L. and {Freer-Smith}, P. H. and Gilligan, C. A. and Godfray, H. C. J.},
  year = {2013},
  month = nov,
  volume = {342},
  pages = {1235773+},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1235773},
  abstract = {[Structured Abstract] [::Background]

Trees are major components of many terrestrial ecosystems and are grown in managed plantations and orchards to provide a variety of economically important products, including timber, pulp, fiber, and food. They are subject to a wide range of pests and diseases, of which the most important causative agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, and insect herbivores. Research on tree pests and diseases has had a historical focus on trees of direct economic importance. However, some epidemics and infestations have damaged and killed common trees that are integral parts of natural ecosystems. These have harmed valuable landscapes and highlighted the wide-ranging consequences arising from tree pests and diseases. There is also growing concern that aspects of globalization -- in particular, higher volumes and new forms of trade -- may increase the risk of disease spread.

[::Advances]

We review the challenges in maintaining tree health in natural and managed ecosystems. It is argued that it is helpful to consider explicitly the consequences of pests and diseases for the full range of ecosystem services provided by trees. In addition to forest and orchard products, tree pests and diseases can affect the ability of forests to sequester and store carbon, reduce flood risk, and purify water. They can affect the biodiversity supported by trees and the recreational and cultural values accorded to woodland by people. Many of these benefits are uncosted and enjoyed by different classes of stakeholders, which raises difficult questions about who should be responsible for measures to protect tree health. Changes in the risk of pest and disease introduction, the increasing prevalence of genetic reassortment leading to novel disease threats, and the potential role of climate change are all highlighted.

[::Outlook]

Modern pest and disease management is based on an extensive science base that is rapidly developing, spurred in particular by modern molecular technologies. A research priority is to build a better understanding of why certain pathogens and insects become major pests and diseases. This will involve a better understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenicity and herbivory, as will ecological insights into why some species reach epidemic prevalence or abundance. It will also help anticipate which species may become a problem if they are transported to new geographical regions, recombine with other organisms, or experience new climatic conditions. However, identifying all species that may become pests will be impossible, and the Review stresses the importance of risk management at the '' pathway of introduction'' level, especially when modern trade practices provide potential new routes of entry. Last, when ecosystem services are provided by woods and forests rather than individual tree species, we need to understand better the consequences of pests and diseases that attack or feed on particular species.

[Dead Wood]

Trees can be affected by a wide variety of diseases caused by insects, fungi, and other pathogens. Such diseases often make the headlines -- particularly when iconic tree species are affected -- for example, in the case of the ash dieback currently spreading through Europe, or the chestnut blight that devastated American chestnut trees. But what is the effect of these diseases on ecosystem services performed by trees in natural and managed ecosystems? Boyd et al. (p. 10.1126/science.1235773 ) review the spread of tree diseases, as a result of globalization and climate change, and analyze the resulting damage to timber and fruit production, to climate regulation, and to parks and woodlands caused by tree diseases.

[Abstract]

Trees and forests provide a wide variety of ecosystem services in addition to timber, food, and other provisioning services. New approaches to pest and disease management are needed that take into account these multiple services and the different stakeholders they benefit, as well as the likelihood of greater threats in the future resulting from globalization and climate change. These considerations will affect priorities for both basic and applied research and how trade and phytosanitary regulations are formulated.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12925598,~to-add-doi-URL,bioeconomy,climate-change,disturbances,ecology,economic-impacts,ecosystem-resilience,ecosystem-services,forest-pests,forest-resources,global-scale,nonmarket-impacts,plant-pests,resilience,sustainability},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12925598},
  number = {6160}
}

@article{evansPredictiveEcologySystems2012,
  title = {Predictive Ecology: Systems Approaches},
  author = {Evans, Matthew R. and Norris, Ken J. and Benton, Tim G.},
  year = {2012},
  month = jan,
  volume = {367},
  pages = {163--169},
  issn = {1471-2970},
  doi = {10.1098/rstb.2011.0191},
  abstract = {The world is experiencing significant, largely anthropogenically induced, environmental change. This will impact on the biological world and we need to be able to forecast its effects. In order to produce such forecasts, ecology needs to become more predictive--to develop the ability to understand how ecological systems will behave in future, changed, conditions. Further development of process-based models is required to allow such predictions to be made. Critical to the development of such models will be achieving a balance between the brute-force approach that naively attempts to include everything, and over simplification that throws out important heterogeneities at various levels. Central to this will be the recognition that individuals are the elementary particles of all ecological systems. As such it will be necessary to understand the effect of evolution on ecological systems, particularly when exposed to environmental change. However, insights from evolutionary biology will help the development of models even when data may be sparse. Process-based models are more common, and are used for forecasting, in other disciplines, e.g. climatology and molecular systems biology. Tools and techniques developed in these endeavours can be appropriated into ecological modelling, but it will also be necessary to develop the science of ecoinformatics along with approaches specific to ecological problems. The impetus for this effort should come from the demand coming from society to understand the effects of environmental change on the world and what might be performed to mitigate or adapt to them.},
  journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10110410,anthropogenic-changes,ecology,ecosystem,extrapolation-error,global-change,local-over-complication,prediction-bias,system-of-systems,system-theory},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10110410},
  number = {1586}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{elmendorf_plot-scale_2012,
	title = {Plot-scale evidence of tundra vegetation change and links to recent summer warming},
	volume = {2},
	copyright = {© 2012 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {1758-678X},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n6/abs/nclimate1465.html},
	doi = {10.1038/nclimate1465},
	abstract = {Temperature is increasing at unprecedented rates across most of the tundra biome. Remote-sensing data indicate that contemporary climate warming has already resulted in increased productivity over much of the Arctic, but plot-based evidence for vegetation transformation is not widespread. We analysed change in tundra vegetation surveyed between 1980 and 2010 in 158 plant communities spread across 46 locations. We found biome-wide trends of increased height of the plant canopy and maximum observed plant height for most vascular growth forms; increased abundance of litter; increased abundance of evergreen, low-growing and tall shrubs; and decreased abundance of bare ground. Intersite comparisons indicated an association between the degree of summer warming and change in vascular plant abundance, with shrubs, forbs and rushes increasing with warming. However, the association was dependent on the climate zone, the moisture regime and the presence of permafrost. Our data provide plot-scale evidence linking changes in vascular plant abundance to local summer warming in widely dispersed tundra locations across the globe.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2017-02-07},
	journal = {Nature Climate Change},
	author = {Elmendorf, Sarah C. and Henry, Gregory H. R. and Hollister, Robert D. and Björk, Robert G. and Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie and Cooper, Elisabeth J. and Cornelissen, Johannes H. C. and Day, Thomas A. and Dorrepaal, Ellen and Elumeeva, Tatiana G. and Gill, Mike and Gould, William A. and Harte, John and Hik, David S. and Hofgaard, Annika and Johnson, David R. and Johnstone, Jill F. and Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala and Jorgenson, Janet C. and Klanderud, Kari and Klein, Julia A. and Koh, Saewan and Kudo, Gaku and Lara, Mark and Lévesque, Esther and Magnússon, Borgthor and May, Jeremy L. and Mercado-Dı´az, Joel A. and Michelsen, Anders and Molau, Ulf and Myers-Smith, Isla H. and Oberbauer, Steven F. and Onipchenko, Vladimir G. and Rixen, Christian and Martin Schmidt, Niels and Shaver, Gaius R. and Spasojevic, Marko J. and Þórhallsdóttir, Þóra Ellen and Tolvanen, Anne and Troxler, Tiffany and Tweedie, Craig E. and Villareal, Sandra and Wahren, Carl-Henrik and Walker, Xanthe and Webber, Patrick J. and Welker, Jeffrey M. and Wipf, Sonja},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Conservation, Conservation biology, Impacts, Plant ecology, climate change, ecology},
	pages = {453--457},
}

@article{guisanSESAMNewFramework2011,
  title = {{{SESAM}} - a New Framework Integrating Macroecological and Species Distribution Models for Predicting Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Species Assemblages},
  author = {Guisan, Antoine and Rahbek, Carsten},
  year = {2011},
  month = aug,
  volume = {38},
  pages = {1433--1444},
  issn = {0305-0270},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02550.x},
  abstract = {Two different approaches currently prevail for predicting spatial patterns of species assemblages. The first approach (macroecological modelling, MEM) focuses directly on realized properties of species assemblages, whereas the second approach (stacked species distribution modelling, S-SDM) starts with constituent species to approximate the properties of assemblages. Here, we propose to unify the two approaches in a single 'spatially explicit species assemblage modelling' (SESAM) framework. This framework uses relevant designations of initial species source pools for modelling, macroecological variables, and ecological assembly rules to constrain predictions of the richness and composition of species assemblages obtained by stacking predictions of individual species distributions. We believe that such a framework could prove useful in many theoretical and applied disciplines of ecology and evolution, both for improving our basic understanding of species assembly across spatio-temporal scales and for anticipating expected consequences of local, regional or global environmental changes. In this paper, we propose such a framework and call for further developments and testing across a broad range of community types in a variety of environments.},
  journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-9560635,~to-add-doi-URL,ecology,integration-techniques,modelling,pattern,spatio-temporal-scale,species-distribution,species-richness,statistics},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-9560635},
  number = {8}
}

@article{bolnickWhyIntraspecificTrait2011,
  title = {Why Intraspecific Trait Variation Matters in Community Ecology},
  author = {Bolnick, Daniel I. and Amarasekare, Priyanga and Ara{\'u}jo, M{\'a}rcio S. and B{\"u}rger, Reinhard and Levine, Jonathan M. and Novak, Mark and Rudolf, Volker H. W. and Schreiber, Sebastian J. and Urban, Mark C. and Vasseur, David A.},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  volume = {26},
  pages = {183--192},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2011.01.009},
  abstract = {Natural populations consist of phenotypically diverse individuals that exhibit variation in their demographic parameters and intra- and inter-specific interactions. Recent experimental work indicates that such variation can have significant ecological effects. However, ecological models typically disregard this variation and focus instead on trait means and total population density. Under what situations is this simplification appropriate? Why might intraspecific variation alter ecological dynamics? In this review we synthesize recent theory and identify six general mechanisms by which trait variation changes the outcome of ecological interactions. These mechanisms include several direct effects of trait variation per se and indirect effects arising from the role of genetic variation in trait evolution.},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8962886,ecology,genetic-diversity,genetic-variability,intraspecific-vs-interspecific,species-richness},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-8962886},
  number = {4}
}

@article{clericiRiparianZonesWhere2011,
  title = {Riparian Zones {{Where}} Green and Blue Networks Meet: Pan-{{European}} Zonation Modelling Based on Remote Sensing and {{GIS}}},
  author = {Clerici, Nicola and Weissteiner, Christof J. and Paracchini, Luisa M. and Strobl, Peter},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {24774},
  pages = {62 pp.},
  issn = {1018-5593},
  doi = {10.2788/80271},
  abstract = {This Technical Report presents a new riparian zonation model for Europe based on satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques. Riparian zones are key ecological systems that provide a wide array of ecosystem services tosociety and the natural environment, as well as being fundamental structural elements of the European Green Infrastructure. The zonation model is based on a multi-layer approach, which takes into account a series of descriptive attributes and assigns a degree of belonging to the riparian zone class based on fuzzy membership scores. Model output has a 25 m spatial resolution and follows INSPIRE standards. A short characterization of model output is also proposed, together with a detailed assessment of accuracy. Information about riparian zone distribution will provide the basis for comprehensive characterization and ecological analysis at European scale, such as the identification of key riparian zones maintaining landscape connectivity, the evaluation of targeted riparian ecosystem services and monitoring of change at continental scale [Description de l'\'editeur].},
  journal = {EUR - Scientific and Technical Research},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12635515,ecology,ecosystem,ecosystem-services,europe,forest-resources,gis,remote-sensing,riparian-zones,soil-resources,water-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12635515},
  number = {JRC 63959}
}

@article{skidmoreGeospatialToolsAddress2011,
  title = {Geospatial Tools Address Emerging Issues in Spatial Ecology: A Review and Commentary on the {{Special Issue}}},
  author = {Skidmore, Andrew K. and Franklin, Janet and Dawson, Terry P. and Pilesj{\"o}, Petter},
  year = {2011},
  month = mar,
  volume = {25},
  pages = {337--365},
  issn = {1362-3087},
  doi = {10.1080/13658816.2011.554296},
  abstract = {Spatial ecology focuses on the role of space and time in ecological processes and events from a local to a global scale and is particularly relevant in developing environmental policy and (mandated) monitoring goals. In other words, spatial ecology is where geography and ecology intersect, and high-quality geospatial data and analysis tools are required to address emerging issues in spatial ecology. In this commentary and review for the International Journal of GIS Special Issue on Spatial Ecology, we highlight selected current research priorities in spatial ecology and describe geospatial data and methods for addressing these tasks. Geoinformation research themes are identified in population ecology, community and landscape ecology, and ecosystem ecology, and these themes are further linked to the assessment of ecosystem services. Methods in spatial ecology benefit from explicit consideration of spatial autocorrelation, and applications discussed in this review include species distribution modeling, remote sensing of community and ecosystem properties, and models of climate change. The linkages of the Special Issue papers to these emerging issues are described.},
  journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12850316,ecology,geospatial,review,spatial-analysis,spatial-pattern},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12850316},
  number = {3}
}

@article{evansModellingEcologicalSystems2011,
  title = {Modelling Ecological Systems in a Changing World},
  author = {Evans, Matthew R.},
  year = {2011},
  month = dec,
  volume = {367},
  pages = {181--190},
  issn = {1471-2970},
  doi = {10.1098/rstb.2011.0172},
  abstract = {The world is changing at an unprecedented rate. In such a situation, we need to understand the nature of the change and to make predictions about the way in which it might affect systems of interest; often we may also wish to understand what might be done to mitigate the predicted effects. In ecology, we usually make such predictions (or forecasts) by making use of mathematical models that describe the system and projecting them into the future, under changed conditions. Approaches emphasizing the desirability of simple models with analytical tractability and those that use assumed causal relationships derived statistically from data currently dominate ecological modelling. Although such models are excellent at describing the way in which a system has behaved, they are poor at predicting its future state, especially in novel conditions. In order to address questions about the impact of environmental change, and to understand what, if any, action might be taken to ameliorate it, ecologists need to develop the ability to project models into novel, future conditions. This will require the development of models based on understanding the processes that result in a system behaving the way it does, rather than relying on a description of the system, as a whole, remaining valid indefinitely.},
  journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10110408,climate-change,ecology,emergent-property,environmental-modelling,extrapolation-error,forest-resources,modelling,system-of-systems},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10110408},
  number = {1586}
}

@article{terzis_wireless_2010,
	title = {Wireless sensor networks for soil science},
	volume = {7},
	abstract = {Wireless sensor networks can revolutionise soil ecology by providing measurements at temporal and spatial granularities previously impossible. This paper presents our first steps towards fulfilling that goal by developing and deploying two experimental soil monitoring networks at urban forests in Baltimore, MD. The nodes of these networks periodically measure soil moisture and temperature and store the measurements in local memory. Raw measurements are incrementally retrieved by a sensor gateway and persistently stored in a database. The database also stores calibrated versions of the collected data. The measurement database is available to third-party applications through various Web Services interfaces. At a high level, the deployments were successful in exposing high-level variations of soil factors. However, we have encountered a number of challenging technical problems: need for low-level programming at multiple levels, calibration across space and time, and sensor faults. These problems must be addressed before sensor networks can fulfil their potential as high-quality instruments that can be deployed by scientists without major effort or cost.},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {International Journal of Sensor Networks},
	author = {Terzis, A. R. and Burns, R. and Musaloiu-E, R. and Cogan, J. and Szlavecz, K. and Szalay, A. S. and Gray, R. J. and Ozer, S. and Liang, C. M. and Gupchup, J.},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {BES, ecology, soil, Wireless Sensor Network}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{ Slingo2009a,
  author = {Slingo, Julia and Bates, Kevin and Nikiforakis, Nikos and Piggott,
	Matthew and Roberts, Malcolm J. and Shaffrey, Len C. and Stevens,
	Ian and Vidale, Pier Luigi and Weller, Hilary},
  title = {{Developing the next-generation climate system models: challenges
	and achievements.}},
  journal = {Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and
	engineering sciences},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {367},
  pages = {815--31},
  number = {1890},
  month = {March},
  abstract = {Although climate models have been improving in accuracy and efficiency
	over the past few decades, it now seems that these incremental improvements
	may be slowing. As tera/petascale computing becomes massively parallel,
	our legacy codes are less suitable, and even with the increased resolution
	that we are now beginning to use, these models cannot represent the
	multiscale nature of the climate system. This paper argues that it
	may be time to reconsider the use of adaptive mesh refinement for
	weather and climate forecasting in order to achieve good scaling
	and representation of the wide range of spatial scales in the atmosphere
	and ocean. Furthermore, the challenge of introducing living organisms
	and human responses into climate system models is only just beginning
	to be tackled. We do not yet have a clear framework in which to approach
	the problem, but it is likely to cover such a huge number of different
	scales and processes that radically different methods may have to
	be considered. The challenges of multiscale modelling and petascale
	computing provide an opportunity to consider a fresh approach to
	numerical modelling of the climate (or Earth) system, which takes
	advantage of the computational fluid dynamics developments in other
	fields and brings new perspectives on how to incorporate Earth system
	processes. This paper reviews some of the current issues in climate
	(and, by implication, Earth) system modelling, and asks the question
	whether a new generation of models is needed to tackle these problems.},
  doi = {10.1098/rsta.2008.0207},
  file = {:Users/reinhard/Documents/articles/mendeley/Slingo et al‥ 2009. Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences.pdf:pdf},
  issn = {1364-503X},
  keywords = {Climate,Climatic Processes,Computer Simulation,Ecology,Ecology: methods,Ecology:
	trends,Internet,Models,Research,Research: trends,Science,Science:
	methods,Science: trends,Theoretical},
  pmid = {19087925},
  url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19087925}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{ho_consequences_2008,
	title = {Consequences of omnivory for trophic interactions on a salt-marsh shrub},
	volume = {89},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1890%2F07-1069.1&ct=1},
	abstract = {Although omnivory is common in nature, its impact on trophic interactions is variable. Predicting the food web consequences of omnivory is complicated because omnivores can simultaneously produce conflicting direct and indirect effects on the same species or trophic level. We conducted field and laboratory experiments testing the top-down impacts of an omnivorous salt marsh crab, Armases cinereum, on the shrub Iva frutescens and its herbivorous and predatory arthropod fauna. Armases is a},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Ecology},
	author = {Ho, Chuan-Kai. and Pennings, Steven C.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {GCE, ecology, plant, shrub, omnivory, trophic interactions}
}

@article{parrOpenSourcingEcological2007,
  title = {Open Sourcing Ecological Data},
  author = {Parr, Cynthia S.},
  year = {2007},
  month = apr,
  volume = {57},
  pages = {309--310},
  issn = {1525-3244},
  doi = {10.1641/b570402},
  abstract = {In a thought-provoking Viewpoint, Cassey and Blackburn (2006) suggest that reproducibility should not be required of ecological studies. Thus, ecological journals should not require authors to publish data as a requirement of publication, nor should reviewers insist on it. Cassey and Blackburn make three cautionary points: First, the goal of reproducibility should not be applied piecemeal. Second, journals are not ready for custodianship of data. Third, publishing data places the intellectual rights of authors at risk under the current reward system. I will respond to each of these points, then end with another view of the future of ecological research: an open-source web of ecological data.},
  journal = {BioScience},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-1197018,~to-add-doi-URL,data-sharing,ecology,free-scientific-knowledge,knowledge-freedom,metaknowledge,open-data,open-science,scientific-knowledge-sharing},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-1197018},
  number = {4}
}

@article{kullmanTreeLinePopulation2007,
  title = {Tree Line Population Monitoring of {{Pinus}} Sylvestris in the {{Swedish Scandes}}, 1973-2005: Implications for Tree Line Theory and Climate Change Ecology},
  author = {Kullman, Leif},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {41--52},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2745.2006.01190.x},
  abstract = {* 1Demographic trends of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) tree line populations are reported for a 32-year monitoring period (1973-2005). Functional and projective aspects of tree line performance were analysed by relating temporal variability and change of vital population parameters, such as natality/mortality, vigour, injuries, height growth and seed viability to contemporary variations in air and soil temperatures. * 2The size of the entire sampled population increased by 50\,\% during the 32-year observation period and thereby pine has become a more prominent element on the landscape. This reverses a natural multicentennial or even millennial trend of tree line decline and recession. * 3Contrasting population trends were recorded for the subperiods 1973-87 and 1988-2005, viz. decline and increase, respectively. Mean summer temperatures (JJA) did not change perceivably over and between these intervals, although some exceptionally warm summers from 1997 onwards have contributed to population expansion by increased seed viability and seedling emergence. Winter temperatures (DJF) decreased significantly over the first subperiod and were consistently higher during the second, which has significantly lowered the mortality rates. * 4A functional link to winter temperature conditions was particularly stressed by the aetiology of individual plant vigour, injuries and final mortality. Classical symptoms of winter desiccation correlated significantly with low winter temperatures. This negative impact occurred with a high frequency during the decline phase and virtually ceased during the expansion phase from 1988 onwards, when winter air and root zone temperatures were raised to a consistently higher level. * 5Winter and summer temperatures in the air and soil, as well as positive feedback mechanisms and nonlinear responses, must be taken into account in the search for global or regional mechanical explanations for the tree line phenomenon. This insight helps to generate realistic tree line models for a high-CO2 world, when winter warming is usually predicted to be particularly large.},
  journal = {Journal of Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11402583,climate-change,ecology,forest-resources,global-warming,pinus-sylvestris,tree-line},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11402583},
  number = {1}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Behavioural biology: an effective and relevant conservation tool},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animal,Animals,Behavior,Conservation of Natural Resources,Conservation of Natural Resources: methods,Ecology,Ecology: methods,Ecology: trends,Ecosystem,Humans},
 pages = {401-407},
 volume = {22},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17590477},
 month = {8},
 id = {7457f879-94a5-3863-bb24-a247960bda5f},
 created = {2011-11-01T15:09:13.000Z},
 accessed = {2011-08-15},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {1f6a330f-f6a3-36e6-abae-0954f070a071},
 group_id = {3addd0f7-d578-34d3-be80-24022cc062a1},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T12:29:49.371Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Buchholz2007},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {'Conservation behaviour' is a young discipline that investigates how proximate and ultimate aspects of the behaviour of an animal can be of value in preventing the loss of biodiversity. Rumours of its demise are unfounded. Conservation behaviour is quickly building a capacity to positively influence environmental decision making. The theoretical framework used by animal behaviourists is uniquely valuable to elucidating integrative solutions to human-wildlife conflicts, efforts to reintroduce endangered species and reducing the deleterious effects of ecotourism. Conservation behaviourists must join with other scientists under the multidisciplinary umbrella of conservation biology without giving up on their focus: the mechanisms, development, function and evolutionary history of individual differences in behaviour. Conservation behaviour is an increasingly relevant tool in the preservation of nature.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Buchholz, Richard},
 journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
 number = {8}
}

@article{clark_environmental_2007-1,
	title = {Environmental and plant community determinants of species loss following nitrogen enrichment},
	volume = {10},
	abstract = {Global energy use and food production have increased nitrogen inputs to ecosystems worldwide, impacting plant community diversity, composition, and function. Previous studies show considerable variation across terrestrial herbaceous ecosystems in the magnitude of species loss following nitrogen (N) enrichment. What controls this variation remains unknown. We present results from 23 N-addition experiments across North America, representing a range of climatic, soil and plant community properties, to determine conditions that lead to greater diversity decline. Species loss in these communities ranged from 0 to 65\% of control richness. Using hierarchical structural equation modelling, we found greater species loss in communities with a lower soil cation exchange capacity, colder regional temperature, and larger production increase following N addition, independent of initial species richness, plant productivity, and the relative abundance of most plant functional groups. Our results indicate sensitivity to N addition is co-determined by environmental conditions and production responsiveness, which overwhelm the effects of initial community structure and composition.},
	journal = {Ecology Letters},
	author = {Clark, Christopher M. and Cleland, Elsa E and Collins, S. L. and Fargione, J. E. and Gough, Laura. and Gross, Katherine L. and Pennings, Steven C. and Suding, K.N. and Grace, James B.},
	year = {2007},
	keywords = {GCE, nitrogen, SEV, ARC, nutrients, ecology, NWT, NWTLTER, CDR, fertilization, plant, community, enrichment, species loss}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dall_information_2005,
	title = {Information and its use by animals in evolutionary ecology},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {01695347},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.01.010},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2005.01.010},
	abstract = {Information is a crucial currency for animals from both a behavioural and evolutionary perspective. Adaptive behaviour relies upon accurate estimation of relevant ecological parameters; the better informed an individual, the better it can develop and adjust its behaviour to meet the demands of a variable world. Here, we focus on the burgeoning interest in the impact of ecological uncertainty on adaptation, and the means by which it can be reduced by gathering information, from both 'passive' and 'responsive' sources. Our overview demonstrates the value of adopting an explicitly informational approach, and highlights the components that one needs to develop useful approaches to studying information use by animals. We propose a quantitative framework, based on statistical decision theory, for analysing animal information use in evolutionary ecology. Our purpose is to promote an integrative approach to studying information use by animals, which is itself integral to adaptive animal behaviour and organismal biology.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
	author = {Dall, S. and Giraldeau, L. and Olsson, O. and McNamara, J. and Stephens, D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {CULike, differenciation, ecology, evolutionary},
	pages = {187--193},
}

@article{guisanPredictingSpeciesDistribution2005,
  title = {Predicting Species Distribution: Offering More than Simple Habitat Models},
  author = {Guisan, Antoine and Thuiller, Wilfried},
  year = {2005},
  month = sep,
  volume = {8},
  pages = {993--1009},
  issn = {1461-023X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00792.x},
  abstract = {In the last two decades, interest in species distribution models (SDMs) of plants and animals has grown dramatically. Recent advances in SDMs allow us to potentially forecast anthropogenic effects on patterns of biodiversity at different spatial scales. However, some limitations still preclude the use of SDMs in many theoretical and practical applications. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in this field, discuss the ecological principles and assumptions underpinning SDMs, and highlight critical limitations and decisions inherent in the construction and evaluation of SDMs. Particular emphasis is given to the use of SDMs for the assessment of climate change impacts and conservation management issues. We suggest new avenues for incorporating species migration, population dynamics, biotic interactions and community ecology into SDMs at multiple spatial scales. Addressing all these issues requires a better integration of SDMs with ecological theory.},
  journal = {Ecology Letters},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-280759,bioclimatic-predictors,climate-change,conservation,ecology,environmental-predictors,habitat-conservation,habitat-suitability,migration-history,mode,modelling,niche-modelling,potential-habitat,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-280759},
  number = {9}
}

@article{liEffectsMicrositeGrowth2004,
  title = {Effects of Microsite on Growth of {{Pinus}} Cembra in the Subalpine Zone of the {{Austrian Alps}}},
  author = {Li, Mai-He and Yang, Jian},
  year = {2004},
  month = jun,
  volume = {61},
  pages = {319--325},
  issn = {1286-4560},
  doi = {10.1051/forest:2004025},
  journal = {Annals of Forest Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496491,alpine-region,ecology,pinus-cembra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13496491},
  number = {4}
}

@article{brush_ecology_2004,
	title = {Ecology and politics - a troubled partnership. {Review} of {Ernst}, {Howard} {R}. 2003. {Chesapeake} {Bay} {Blues}: {Science}, {Politics}, and the {Struggle} to {Save} the {Bay}},
	volume = {85},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Ecology},
	author = {Brush, G. S.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {BES, ecology, other policy, chesapeake}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{citeulike:12117596,
    abstract = {We studied patterns of small mammal abundance and species richness in post-fire habitats by sampling 33 plots (225 m2 each) representing different stages of vegetation recovery after fire. Small mammal abundance was estimated by live trapping during early spring 1999 and vegetation structure was sampled by visual estimation at the same plots. Recently–burnt areas were characterised by shrubby and herbaceous vegetation with low structural variability, and unburnt areas were characterised by well developed forest cover with high structural complexity. Small mammal abundance and species richness decreased with time elapsed since the last fire (from 5 to at least 50 years), and these differences were associated to the decreasing cover of short shrubs as the post-fire succession of plant communities advanced. However, relationships between vegetation structure and small mammals differed among areas burned in different times, with weak or negative relationship in recently burnt areas and positive and stronger relationship in unburnt areas. Furthermore, the abundance of small mammals was larger than expected from vegetation structure in plots burned recently whereas the contrary pattern was found in unburned areas. We hypothesised that the pattern observed could be related to the responses of small mammal predators to changes in vegetation and landscape structure promoted by fire. Fire-related fragmentation could have promoted the isolation of forest predators (owls and carnivores) in unburned forest patches, a fact that could have produced a higher predation pressure for small mammals. Conversely, small mammal populations would have been enhanced in early post-fire stages by lower predator numbers combined with better predator protection in areas covered by resprouting woody vegetation.},
    author = {Torre, I. and D\'{\i}az, M.},
    citeulike-article-id = {12117596},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2003.10.007},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://scholar.google.it/scholar?cluster=6855480906892220882},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2003.10.007},
    doi = {10.1016/j.actao.2003.10.007},
    issn = {1146-609X},
    journal = {Acta Oecologica},
    keywords = {ecology, forest-fires, forest-resources, fragmentation, grasslands, mammals, prey-predator, shrubs, wildfires},
    month = may,
    number = {3},
    pages = {137--142},
    posted-at = {2013-03-06 18:13:34},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Small mammal abundance in Mediterranean post-fire habitats: a role for predators?},
    url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2003.10.007},
    volume = {25},
    year = {2004}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{whitfield_ecologys_2004,
	title = {Ecology's big, hot idea},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {1545-7885},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15597118},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0020440},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2010-08-05},
	journal = {PLoS Biology},
	author = {Whitfield, John},
	month = dec,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15597118},
	keywords = {Animals, Biology, Birds, Body Size, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecology, Metabolism, Snails, Temperature},
	pages = {e440},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The genome of a motile marine Synechococcus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 keywords = {Cyanobacterium Synechococcus,Degradation,Ecology,Gene,Identification,Polypeptide,Prochlorococcus,RCC,SBR_Phyto,Sequence,Sp Pcc7942,Strains},
 pages = {1037-1042},
 volume = {424},
 websites = {Nature Publishing Group http://inserm-nature.inist.fr/dynasearch/app/dynasearch.taf?_action=search&search_volume=424&search_startpage=1037.&sp_k=NATURE},
 id = {35550e27-1865-35b3-8ba7-d6ac9f51d3e3},
 created = {2015-11-02T11:41:37.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {9e8929f8-811d-3561-b42b-6003aef71c7c},
 group_id = {98cf6291-ef58-3f8a-a4b6-c8754044662f},
 last_modified = {2016-06-16T13:22:59.000Z},
 tags = {2003,rcc,sbr_phyto},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 abstract = {Marine unicellular cyanobacteria are responsible for an estimated 20-40% of chlorophyll biomass and carbon fixation in the oceans(1). Here we have sequenced and analysed the 2.4-megabase genome of Synechococcus sp. strain WH8102, revealing some of the ways that these organisms have adapted to their largely oligotrophic environment. WH8102 uses organic nitrogen and phosphorus sources and more sodium-dependent transporters than a model freshwater cyanobacterium. Furthermore, it seems to have adopted strategies for conserving limited iron stores by using nickel and cobalt in some enzymes, has reduced its regulatory machinery (consistent with the fact that the open ocean constitutes a far more constant and buffered environment than fresh water), and has evolved a unique type of swimming motility. The genome of WH8102 seems to have been greatly influenced by horizontal gene transfer, partially through phages. The genetic material contributed by horizontal gene transfer includes genes involved in the modification of the cell surface and in swimming motility. On the basis of its genome, WH8102 is more of a generalist than two related marine cyanobacteria(2).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Palenik, B and Brahamsha, B and Larimer, F W and Land, M and Hauser, L and Chain, P and Lamerdin, J and Regala, W and Allen, E E and McCarren, J and Paulsen, I and Dufresne, A and Partensky, F and Webb, E A and Waterbury, J},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {6952}
}

@article{royer_conservation_2003,
	title = {Conservation of total synaptic weight through balanced synaptic depression and potentiation},
	volume = {422},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/nature01530},
	abstract = {Memory is believed to depend on activity-dependent changes in the strength of synapses. In part, this view is based on evidence that the efficacy of synapses can be enhanced or depressed depending on the timing of pre- and postsynaptic activity. However, when such plastic synapses are incorporated into neural network models, stability problems may develop because the potentiation or depression of synapses increases the likelihood that they will be further strengthened or weakened. Here we report biological evidence for a homeostatic mechanism that reconciles the apparently opposite requirements of plasticity and stability. We show that, in intercalated neurons of the amygdala, activity-dependent potentiation or depression of particular glutamatergic inputs leads to opposite changes in the strength of inputs ending at other dendritic sites. As a result, little change in total synaptic weight occurs, even though the relative strength of inputs is modified. Furthermore, hetero- but not homosynaptic alterations are blocked by intracellular dialysis of drugs that prevent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Thus, in intercalated neurons at least, inverse heterosynaptic plasticity tends to compensate for homosynaptic long-term potentiation and depression, thus stabilizing total synaptic weight.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6931},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Royer, Sébastien and Paré, Denis},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12673250},
	keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Calcium, DNA, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Guinea Pigs, Long-Term Potentiation, Membrane Potentials, Neuronal Plasticity, Neuroscience, RNA, Signal Transduction, Synapses, astronomy, astrophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biotechnology, cancer, cell cycle, cell signalling, climate change, computational biology, development, developmental biology, drug discovery, earth science, ecology, environmental science, evolution, evolutionary biology, functional genomics, genetics, genomics, geophysics, immunology, interdisciplinary science, life, marine biology, materials science, medical research, medicine, memory, metabolomics, molecular biology, molecular interactions, nanotechnology, nature, neurobiology, palaeobiology, pharmacology, physics, proteomics, quantum physics, science, science news, science policy, structural biology, systems biology, transcriptomics},
	pages = {518--522}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{verschuur_ecosystems_2003,
	title = {Ecosystems in the {Backyard}: {Preparing} a {Diverse} {Outdoor} {Environment} for {Primary} ({Ages} {Three} to {Six}) {Children}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1522-9734},
	url = {https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ670186},
	abstract = {Chronicles the outdoor work of Lincoln Montessori School in Nebraska in prairie, forest, and indoor greenhouse environments, highlighting the application of prepared environment principles to the natural world. Highlights how implicit to the design are opportunities for caring, including practical life exercises with outdoor tools. Shows how repeating natural cycles and seasons are part of the yearly cycle of children in multi-age groups. (Author/KB)},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	journal = {NAMTA Journal},
	author = {Verschuur, Mary B.},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {Montessori Method, Elementary Education, Montessori Schools, Ecology, Environmental Education, Outdoor Activities, Educational Theories, Outdoor Education, Standards, Children, Theory Practice Relationship},
	pages = {195--204}
}

@article{voinov_teaching_2002,
	title = {Teaching and learning ecological modeling over the web: a collaborative approach},
	volume = {6},
	abstract = {A framework for web-based collaborative teaching has been created. This framework is implemented as an ecological modeling course (http://iee.umces.edu/AV/Simmod.html), but should be flexible enough to apply to other disciplines. I have developed a series of tools to facilitate interactive communication between students and instructors, and among students taking the course. The course content consists of reading materials that describe the theory of systems analysis and modeling, guidelines on how models can be built, and numerous examples and illustrations. The interactive part includes exercises that can be discussed with and evaluated by the instructor, and provides a means to mimic class discussions. To what extent this approach can replace conventional in-class tutoring has yet to be tested, but the preliminary applications show great promise. I offer this course format as a framework and a prototype for collaborative "open-source" approaches to education, in which the web provides the means to communicate knowledge and skills asynchronously between geographically dispersed educators and students.},
	journal = {Conservation Ecology},
	author = {Voinov, A.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {BES, ecology, modeling, collaborative teaching, ecological modeling, web education}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Bird song, ecology and speciation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animal,Animals,Biological Evolution,Ecology,Learning,Reproduction,Songbirds,Songbirds: physiology,Species Specificity,Vocalization},
 pages = {493-503},
 volume = {357},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1692962&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 day = {29},
 id = {3813abee-71b3-3f28-8eb5-0bf59dde7aec},
 created = {2011-11-01T15:09:20.000Z},
 accessed = {2011-07-30},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {1f6a330f-f6a3-36e6-abae-0954f070a071},
 group_id = {3addd0f7-d578-34d3-be80-24022cc062a1},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T12:29:49.371Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Slabbekoorn2002},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The study of bird song dialects was once considered the most promising approach for investigating the role of behaviour in reproductive divergence and speciation. However, after a series of studies yielding conflicting results, research in the field slowed significantly. Recent findings, on how ecological factors may lead to divergence in both song and morphology, necessitate a re-examination. We focus primarily on species with learned song, examine conflicting results in the literature and propose some potential new directions for future studies. We believe an integrative approach, including an examination of the role of ecology in divergent selection, is essential for gaining insight into the role of song in the evolution of assortative mating. Habitat-dependent selection on both song and fitness-related characteristics can lead to parallel divergence in these traits. Song may, therefore, provide females with acoustic cues to find males that are most fit for a particular habitat. In analysing the role of song learning in reproductive divergence, we focus on post-dispersal plasticity in a conceptual framework. We argue that song learning may initially constrain reproductive divergence, while in the later stages of population divergence it may promote speciation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Slabbekoorn, Hans and Smith, Thomas B.},
 journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences},
 number = {1420}
}

Website  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Ecological responses to recent climate change},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {389-395},
 volume = {416},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/416389a},
 id = {8df9a2db-99ef-3ba6-898e-d4e6c32695d8},
 created = {2011-02-22T18:00:53.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c04350e2-ca59-3023-9537-35726b8dc7ec},
 group_id = {3addd0f7-d578-34d3-be80-24022cc062a1},
 last_modified = {2019-06-04T14:58:47.448Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Walther2002},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {M3: 10.1038/416389a; 10.1038/416389a<m:linebreak></m:linebreak>Journal Article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Walther, G and Post, E and Convey, P and Menzel, A and Parmesan, C and Beebee, T J C and Fromentin, J and Hoegh-Guldberg, O and Bairlein, F and Anonymous, undefined},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {6879}
}

@incollection{kinzig_urban-suburban_2001-1,
	address = {San Diego},
	title = {Urban-suburban ecology},
	booktitle = {Encyclopedia of {Biodiversity}},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	author = {Kinzig, A. and Grove, J.M.},
	editor = {{S. Levin}},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {BES, ecology, urban}
}

@article{peterkenEcologicalEffectsIntroduced2001,
  title = {Ecological Effects of Introduced Tree Species in {{Britain}}},
  author = {Peterken, G. F.},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {141},
  pages = {31--42},
  doi = {10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00487-4},
  abstract = {Non-native trees have been introduced to Britain and native trees have been redistributed for over 2000 years, but most species were introduced in the last 400 years, and the ecological consequences have not yet been fully manifested. Introduction has been followed by various forms of adaptation to British conditions: (i) genetic changes in the trees themselves, (ii) assimilation into forest communities, (iii) colonisation by native plants, animals and fungi and (iv) gradual cultural acceptance. Nevertheless, some naturalised shrubs are widely regarded as ecologically damaging in semi-natural vegetation (e.g. Rhododendron ponticum, Acer pseudoplatanus), and the introduction of non-native conifers has allowed forestry to expand over moorland with substantial ecological effects.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13508406,abies-alba,acer-platanoides,acer-pseudoplatanus,aesculus-hippocastanum,afforestation,biodiversity,castanea-sativa,community,conifers,conservation,introduction,invertebrates,larix-decidua,picea-abies,picea-sitchensis,pinus-contorta,pseudotsuga-menziesii,quercus-borealis,tsuga-heterophylla,ulmus-spp},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13508406},
  number = {1-2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{ forde_nutritional_2001,
  title = {The nutritional control of root development},
  volume = {232},
  issn = {0032-079X, 1573-5036},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1010329902165},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1010329902165},
  abstract = {Root development is remarkably sensitive to variations in the supply and distribution of inorganic nutrients in the soil. Here we review examples of the ways in which nutrients such as N, P, K and Fe can affect developmental processes such as root branching, root hair production, root diameter, root growth angle, nodulation and proteoid root formation. The nutrient supply can affect root development either directly, as a result of changes in the external concentration of the nutrient, or indirectly through changes in the internal nutrient status of the plant. The direct pathway results in developmental responses that are localized to the part of the root exposed to the nutrient supply; the indirect pathway produces systemic responses and seems to depend on long-distance signals arising in the shoot. We propose the term `trophomorphogenesis' to describe the changes in plant morphology that arise from variations in the availability or distribution of nutrients in the environment. We discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of external and internal nutrient sensing, the possible nature of the long-distance signals and the role of hormones in the trophomorphogenic response.},
  language = {en},
  number = {1-2},
  urldate = {2014-03-11},
  journal = {Plant and Soil},
  author = {Forde, Brian and Lorenzo, Helena},
  month = {May},
  year = {2001},
  keywords = {Nitrate, Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences, Soil Science \& Conservation, ecology, nutrients, plasticity, root development, signalling, trophomorphogenesis},
  pages = {51--68}
}

@article{zipperer_application_2000,
	title = {The application of ecological principles to urban and urbanizing landscapes},
	volume = {10},
	abstract = {In this article, we first examine the potential impacts of a new suburbanization pattern-the edge city-on natural and social systems. Second, we present an ecological framework for studying and an aging urban and urbanizing landscapes based upon approaches and concepts adopted by the Baltimore and Phoenix long-term ecological research projects. Finally, we compare the five key ecological principles presented by Dale(2000) to those proposed by Flores (1998) for urban and urbanizing landscapes.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Ecological Applications},
	author = {Zipperer, W. C. and Wu, J. and Pouyat, R. V. and Pickett, S.T.A.},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {CAP, BES, landscape, ecology, urban, baltimore, land cover, ecological research, concept, research}
}

@book{luoma_hidden_1999,
	address = {New York, NY},
	title = {The hidden forest: the biography of an ecosystem},
	publisher = {Henry Holt and Company},
	author = {Luoma, Jon R.},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {AND, ecology}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Ecological biomechanics of benthic organisms: life history, mechanical design and temporal patterns of mechanical stress.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animals,Biomechanics,Ecology,Environment,Marine Biology,Sea Anemones,Sea Anemones: physiology,Seaweed,Seaweed: physiology,Seaweed: ultrastructure,Stress, Mechanical,Urochordata,Urochordata: physiology},
 pages = {3469-76},
 volume = {202},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10562530},
 month = {12},
 id = {c9e34899-9234-3c50-b513-33ba88ab6c3d},
 created = {2012-12-06T09:12:59.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {0b777e31-8c9d-39dd-97a3-3e054bd99cfe},
 group_id = {764582e8-5773-3a66-8d6b-9b40e4fb5a88},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T17:27:14.020Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Koehl1999},
 abstract = {We can gain biomechanical insights if we couple knowledge of the environments, ecological roles and life history strategies of organisms with our laboratory analyses of their mechanical function or fluid dynamics, as illustrated by studies of the mechanical design of bottom-dwelling marine organisms. Obviously, measurements of the spatial and temporal distribution of loads on an organism in nature reveal the magnitudes and rates at which biomechanical tests should be performed in the laboratory. Furthermore, knowledge of the population biology and ecological interactions of the organisms being studied is crucial to determine when during the life of an individual particular aspects of mechanical performance should be measured; not only can the size, shape and material properties of an individual change during ontogeny, but so can its habitat, activities and ecological role. Such ecological information is also necessary to determine whether the aspects of mechanical performance being studied are biologically important, i.e. whether they affect the survivorship or fitness of the organisms. My point in raising these examples is to illustrate how ecological studies can enhance or change our understanding of biomechanical function.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Koehl, M a},
 journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
 number = {Pt 23}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{citeulike:13547648,
    abstract = {Through a study of the submediterranean woodland communities of Mt Maljen in C. Serbia, the distribution of six dominant tree species (Carpinus orientalis, Pinus nigra, Quercus frainetto, Q. cerris, Fraxinus ornus, and Ostrya carpin!folia) along gradients for four ecological parameters (light, moisture, soil acidity, and nitrogen concentration) was assessed by means of the method of weighted averaging, and the respective optima and tolerance ranges were obtained for each species. Integer values for the estimated opti ma were compared with Ellenberg's indicator values for the corresponding species, and such differences as were found are discussed. The results are apt to illustrate the ecological requirements of the various species and therefore show promise as an instrument to better {pIan} their reintroduction in disturbed and deforested areas},
    author = {Popovi\'{c}, R. and Koji\'{c}, M. and Karad\v{z}i\'{c}, B.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13547648},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://147.163.105.223/bocconea/5-431.pdf},
    issn = {1120-4060},
    journal = {Bocconea},
    keywords = {balkans, carpinus-orientalis, ecology, fraxinus-ornus, ostrya-carpinifolia, pinus-nigra, quercus-cerris, quercus-frainetto},
    pages = {431--438},
    posted-at = {2015-03-12 13:36:11},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Ecological characteristics of six important submediterranean tree species in Serbia},
    url = {http://147.163.105.223/bocconea/5-431.pdf},
    volume = {5},
    year = {1997}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dynamics of energy and nutrient concentration and construction cost in a native and two alien C4 grasses from two neotropical savannas},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Plant Physiology,Plant Sciences,Soil Science & Conservation,Venezuela,construction costs,ecology,energy concentration,mineral nutrient concentration,savannas,tropical C4 grasses},
 pages = {175-184},
 volume = {181},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00012051},
 month = {5},
 day = {16},
 id = {1eabbef0-93b8-3cad-9318-ccc8b08614c3},
 created = {2015-02-02T14:52:40.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {ac4672dc-fcee-3694-89ac-749ebf81d505},
 group_id = {886a50df-fbf3-30e6-9d6b-6771e376eacf},
 last_modified = {2015-02-23T18:11:47.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 language = {en},
 abstract = {In Venezuela, the alien grasses Melinis minutiflora Beauv. and Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees.) Stapf tend to displace the native savanna plant community dominated by Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. and Bonpl.) Nees. This occurs in either relatively wetter and fertile highland savannas or in drier and less fertile lowland savannas. Although the native and aliens are perennial C4 grasses, higher net assimilation leaf biomass per plant and germination rate of the latter are some causes for their higher growth rates and for their competitive success. The objective of this study is to compare seasonal tissue energy, N, P and K concentrations and the calculated construction costs (CC) between the native grass and either one of the alien grasses from lowland and highland savannas. We predict that, in order to out-compete native plants, alien grasses should be more efficient in resource use as evidenced by lower tissue energy and nutrient concentrations and CC. Tissue energy and nutrient concentration were measured throughout the year and compared between M. minutiflora and the co-occurring local population of T. plumosus in a highland savanna and between H. rufa and its neighbor local population of T. plumosus in a lowland savanna. CC was calculated from energy, N and ash concentrations considering ammonium as the sole N source. Differences between co-occurring species, T. plumosus populations, seasons, and organs were analyzed with ANOVA. Highland and lowland grasses differed in concentration and allocation of energy and nutrients whereas the differences between alien and native grasses were specific for each pair considered. Highland grasses had higher energy, N, P and CC than lowland grasses. These variables were always lowest in the culms. In the more stressed lowland site, tissue energy and nutrient concentrations decreased significantly during the dry season except in the roots of both grasses which had the highest energy and nutrients concentrations during the drought. This seasonal response was more marked in the local lowland population of T. plumosus in which maximum CC alternated seasonally between leaves and roots. Energy and nutrient concentrations and CC were the lowest in H. rufa. In the lowland savannas, the higher efficiency of resource use in the invader grass contributes to its higher competitive success through increased growth rate. In the highlands, overall tissue energy concentration and CC, but not N nor P concentration, were lower in the fast growing M. minutiflora but seasonal differences were lacking. The higher leaf CC in T. plumosus can be attributed to the higher proportion of sclerenchyma tissue which is more expensive to construct. Considering CC, both fast growing alien grasses are more efficient in resource use than the co-occurring native grass. However, the role of CC explaining the competitive success of the former, through higher growth rates, is more evident in the more stressful environment of the lowland savanna.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Baruch, Zdravko and Gómez, José A},
 journal = {Plant and Soil},
 number = {2}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Factors influencing biomass and nutrient content of the submersed macrophyte Egeria densa Planch. in a pampasic stream},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Egeria densa,Historia Natural,Hydrobiology,Nutrientes(Fósforo),Nutrientes(Nitrógeno),Nutrients,biomass,ecology,sediment,submersed macrophytes},
 pages = {21-26},
 volume = {341},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00012299,http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00012299},
 month = {5},
 day = {20},
 id = {a023b11a-fd76-3585-9d42-457a4eff86d6},
 created = {2015-02-02T14:52:40.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {ac4672dc-fcee-3694-89ac-749ebf81d505},
 group_id = {886a50df-fbf3-30e6-9d6b-6771e376eacf},
 last_modified = {2015-02-23T18:17:12.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 language = {en},
 abstract = {We identified factors influencing biomass and nutrient content in E. densa in an enriched pampean stream of Argentina. Physical (current velocity, temperature), chemical (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrient content in water and sediments), and biological variables (biomass and nutrient content of E. densa, biomass of periphyton and other macrophytes) were estimated at each sampling occasion, and mean monthly values estimated. Biomass and nutrient content in E. densa were correlated with these physical-chemical and biological variables. Biomass was positively correlated with ammonium in stream water (P<0.05) and sediment total nitrogen (P<0.01). Nitrogen showed a positive relationship with ammonium (P<0.01), and a negative one with nitrate and periphyton biomass (P<0.05). Phosphorus was positively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus (P<0.01). The growth of other macrophyte species in the stream seemed to influence E. densa biomass, probably through competition for light. Current velocity was low and not significantly related with E. densa biomass, however, a flood at the beginning of the study washed the macrophyte stand downstream.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Feijoó, Claudia S and Momo, Fernando R and Bonetto, Carlos A and Tur, Nuncia M},
 journal = {Hydrobiologia},
 number = {1}
}

@article{carlton_biological_1996,
	title = {Biological invasions and cryptogenic species},
	volume = {77},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Ecology},
	author = {Carlton, J. T.},
	year = {1996},
	keywords = {COMMUNITY, DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY, IMPACTS, INCOMPLETE, INVASIONS, NIS, REVIEW},
	pages = {1653--1655},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Persistence and recovery of introduced Rhizobium ten years after inoculation on Leucaena leucocephala grown on an Alfisol in southwestern Nigeria},
 type = {article},
 year = {1994},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Leucaena leucocephala,Plant Physiology,Plant Sciences,Recursos adicionales,Rhizobium strains,Soil Science & Conservation,ecology,inoculation,nitrogen fixation,nodulation,persistence},
 pages = {199-204},
 volume = {159},
 websites = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00009281},
 month = {5},
 day = {20},
 id = {e6b6a1b2-2604-3202-97a9-1a011f37b830},
 created = {2015-02-02T14:52:40.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {ac4672dc-fcee-3694-89ac-749ebf81d505},
 group_id = {886a50df-fbf3-30e6-9d6b-6771e376eacf},
 last_modified = {2015-02-23T18:09:35.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 language = {en},
 abstract = {Establishment of Leucaena leucocephala was poor at Ibadan (Transition forest-savanna zone) and Fashola (savanna zone, 70 km north of Ibadan) in southwestern Nigeria as a result of low soil fertility and the presence of only a few native rhizobia capable of nodulating it. Inoculation with L. leucocephala at these two locations in 1982 resulted in striking responses with Rhizobium strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 isolated from L. leucocephala grown in Nigeria. The persistence of inoculated effective Rhizobium strains after inoculation is desirable since it removes the need for reinoculation. Because of the perennial nature of L. leucocephala and its use in long-term alley farming experiments, we examined the persistence of inoculated rhizobial strains after inoculation, and their ability to sustain N2-fixation and biomass production at Ibadan. In 1992, ten years after Rhizobium introduction, uninoculated, L. leucocephala fixed about 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or about 41% of total plant N compared to 180 kg N ha-1 yr-1 or 43% measured in 1982. Serological typing of the nodules using the Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and intrinsic resistance to the streptomycin test revealed that most of the nodules (96%) formed on L. leucocephala in 1992 were by Rhizobium strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050, which were inoculated in 1982. Nodules were absent on uninoculated L. leucocephala grown on the adjacent field with no history of L. leucocephala cultivation. We conclude that the N2 fixed by Rhizobium strains IRc 1045 and IRc 1050 persisted for many years in the absence of L. leucocephala and sustained effectively fixed N2 which growth and yield of L. leucocephala after several years, thus encouraging a possible low-input alley farming system by smallholder farmers in Nigeria.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sanginga, N and Danso, S K A and Mulongoy, K and Ojeifo, A A},
 journal = {Plant and Soil},
 number = {2}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@book{meyer_stream_1993-1,
	address = {Seattle, WA},
	title = {Stream research in the long-term ecological research network},
	volume = {LTER Publication No. 15},
	url = {http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub1485.pdf},
	publisher = {Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network Office},
	author = {Meyer, Judy L. and Crocker, Tad and D'Angelo, Donna J. and Dodds, Walter K. and Findlay, Stuart G. and Oswood, Mark and Repert, Deborah and Toetz, Dale},
	year = {1993},
	keywords = {AND, ecology}
}

@article{williams_parasites_1992,
	title = {Parasites as biological indicators of the population biology, migration, diet, and phylogenetics of fish},
	volume = {2},
	journal = {Fish Biology and Fisheries},
	author = {Williams, H. H. and MacKenzie, K. and McCarthy, A.M.},
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {BIOLOGICAL, ECOLOGY, FISH, MIGRATIONS, host, indicator},
	pages = {144--176}
}

@incollection{griffithPiceaSitchensis1992,
  title = {Picea Sitchensis},
  booktitle = {Fire {{Effects Information System}} [Online]},
  author = {Griffith, Randy S.},
  year = {1992},
  publisher = {{U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer)}},
  abstract = {The Fire Effects Information System is an online collection of reviews of the scientific literature about fire effects on plants and animals and about fire regimes of plant communities in the United States. FEIS reviews are based on thorough literature searches, often supplemented with insights from field scientists and managers. FEIS provides reviews that are efficient to use, thoroughly documented, and defensible. Approximately 15 to 30 new or revised reviews are published in FEIS each year. There are 3 types of FEIS reivews:

1) Species Reviews include information on plant, lichen, and wildlife species' life history, ecology, and relationship to fire. They are available for more than 1,200 species occurring throughout the United States.

2) Fire Studies are summaries of one or more fire research projects at a specific location. Only research that provides detailed descriptions of site characteristics, burning conditions, fire behavior, and fire effects is included in Fire Studies. FEIS contains more than 150 Fire Studies, which complement Species Reviews and provide information on hundreds of species for which a Review is not available.

3) Fire Regime Syntheses provide up-to-date information on fire regimes of ecosystems in the United States. The syntheses provide information from the literature and from LANDFIRE data on historical fire frequency, spatial pattern, extent, and seasonality; historical ignition sources; typical patterns of fire intensity and severity; and contemporary changes in fuels and fire regimes. The detailed analysis in Fire Regime Syntheses supplements the information in Species Reviews and provides fire regime information on plant communities.

The Fire Effects Library houses the literature that supports FEIS reviews. The library contains more than 80,000 references on fire effects and the general biology and ecology of organisms in North America. References are catalogued in an online database, the Citation Retrieval System (CRS). To add to the library, FEIS staff regularly search scientific abstracts, literature databases, and tables of contents from refereed English-language scientific journals and government publication lists. Other library acquisitions include theses and dissertations, conference proceedings, and unpublished reports. A link to the list of scientific literature routinely searched is provided below. Users are encouraged to use CRS to supplement information from FEIS reviews. Managers from several land management agencies (United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service) choose the species included in FEIS. These agencies funded the original work and continue to support enhancement and maintenance of the database.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13689894,botany,ecology,picea-sitchensis,species-description,united-states},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13689894}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {World Distribution of the Rabbit Oryctolagus-Cuniculus on Islands},
 type = {article},
 year = {1992},
 keywords = {breeding-season,britain,communities,conservation,ecology,evolution,juan-fernandez islands,natural-history,populations,vegetation},
 pages = {151-205},
 volume = {22},
 websites = {<Go to ISI>://A1992JX87700002},
 id = {a97328c9-0ba2-3f33-87cf-90cf8cb5b14c},
 created = {2014-11-12T15:38:04.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {e77fd8b5-61ed-3cb6-9a8d-ead8c87a9123},
 group_id = {886a50df-fbf3-30e6-9d6b-6771e376eacf},
 last_modified = {2015-08-21T02:37:47.000Z},
 tags = {Oryctolagus cuniculus},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Both domestic and wild-type European Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) have been liberated on islands all over the world for a variety of reasons: for sport, to farm for meat or fur, as food for other animals or bait for lobster pots, to control vegetation, amuse tourists, and even to conserve representative populations from myxomatosis. Results of these introductions have likewise varied. from complete failure to densities so high as to denude completely the island of vegetation and soil. Some interesting populations have survived remarkably adverse conditions for up to 100 years before becoming extinct. Others provide natural experiments on the effects of introduced predators, competitors. or diseases like myxomatosis.\rWe list 800 islands or island groups on which Rabbits have been liberated, giving name, location, latitude and longitude, and area, followed by date of introduction, type of rabbit, population changes, present status, and effects of the Rabbits on their environment. For many islands information is still meagre of completely lacking; we hope that this provisional list will stimulate readers to send us additions and corrections, or to publish the data themselves.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Flux, J. E. C. and Fullagar, P. J.},
 journal = {Mammal Review}
}

@article{toetz_age_1991,
	title = {Age, growth, and condition of brook trout ({Salvelinus} phontinalis) from an unexploited alpine lake},
	volume = {65},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Northwest Science},
	author = {Toetz, D.W. and Muoneke, M. and Windell, J.T.},
	year = {1991},
	keywords = {ecology, NWT, NWTLTER, lake, Long-term Ecological Research Program, growth, article, boulder city watershed, fish, demography}
}

@incollection{hutchinsonNewObjectiveMethod1989,
  title = {A New Objective Method for Spatial Interpolation of Meteorological Variables from Irregular Networks Applied to the Estimation of Monthly Mean Solar Radiation, Temperature, Precipitation and Windrun},
  author = {Hutchinson, M. F.},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {89/5},
  pages = {95--104},
  publisher = {{CSIRO Australia}},
  abstract = {[Abstract] The use of multi-dimensional Laplacian smoothing splines to reliably estimate a variety of meteorological variables, including monthly mean solar radiation, temperature, precipitation and windrun at regional and continental scales across Australia from irregularly spaced data networks of varying quality is described. The method has implications for network design, and projected further developments include the incorporation of more detailed local physical effects, often relatable to a detailed digital elevation model, with a view to obtaining more robust models. The spatial interpolation of complete simulated daily weather records, taking into account the inter-relations between the various meteorological variables, is also considered. 

[Significance] The method has implications for network design, and projected further developments include the incorporation of more detailed local physical effects, often relatable to a detailed digital elevation model, with a view to obtaining more robust models. The spatial interpolation of complete simulated daily weather records, taking into account the inter-relations between the various meteorological variables, is also considered.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14636864,bioclimatic-predictors,data-transformation-modelling,ecology,environmental-modelling,habitat-suitability,niche-modelling,precipitation,predictor,solar-radiation,spatial-interpolation,temperature,wind},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14636864},
  series = {Series: {{CSIRO Division}} of {{Water Resources Technical Memorandum}}}
}

@article{wheater_prey-size_1986,
	title = {Prey-size and parasite relationships in the common toad {Bufo} bufo},
	volume = {1},
	journal = {Herpetological Journal},
	author = {Wheater, C.P.},
	year = {1986},
	keywords = {ABUNDANCE, Bufo, ECOLOGY, Parasite, list, toad},
	pages = {66--70}
}

@article{southwick_population_1986,
	title = {Population density and fluctuations of pikas ({Ochotona} princeps) in {Colorado}},
	volume = {67},
	journal = {Journal of Mammalogy},
	author = {Southwick, C.H. and Golian, S.C. and Whitworth, M.R. and Halfpenny, J.C. and Brown, R},
	year = {1986},
	keywords = {population, ecology, NWT, NWTLTER, Long-term Ecological Research Program, behavior, snow, article, saddle, lagomorphs}
}

@article{voliotisDistributionEcologySynecology1985,
  title = {Distribution, Ecology and Synecology of {{Ostrya}} Carpinifolia in {{Greece}}},
  author = {Voliotis, D.},
  year = {1985},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {339--347},
  issn = {1588-2578},
  journal = {Acta Botanica Hungarica},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13801361,ecology,forest-resources,greece,ostrya-carpinifolia,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13801361},
  number = {1-4}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{profit_mapmaker_1984,
	title = {Mapmaker who charts our hidden mental demons.},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {00377333},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ahl&AN=11393160&site=ehost-live},
	doi = {Article},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Smithsonian},
	author = {Profit, Michael},
	month = may,
	year = {1984},
	keywords = {COGNITION, COGNITIVE maps (Psychology), ECOLOGY, GOLLEDGE, Reginald, Geography, HISTORY -- Research, NATIONAL characteristics, cartography},
	pages = {122--131},
}

@article{sprent_host-parasite_1982,
	title = {Host-parasite relationships of ascaridoid nematodes and their vertebrate hosts in time and space},
	journal = {Spécificité Parasitaire},
	author = {Sprent, J.F.A.},
	year = {1982},
	keywords = {ASCARIDOIDEA, ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, host, nematode, vertebrate},
	pages = {255--263}
}

@article{wardleFraxinusExcelsior1961,
  title = {Fraxinus Excelsior {{L}}.},
  author = {Wardle, P.},
  year = {1961},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {739--751},
  journal = {Journal of Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13293705,biology,ecology,fraxinus-excelsior},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13293705},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bakkerSoilErosionDriver2005,
  title = {Soil Erosion as a Driver of Land-Use Change},
  author = {Bakker, Martha M. and Govers, Gerard and Kosmas, Costas and Vanacker, Veerle and Oost, Kristof and Rounsevell, Mark},
  date = {2005-02},
  journaltitle = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
  volume = {105},
  pages = {467--481},
  issn = {0167-8809},
  doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.009},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.009},
  abstract = {Although much research has been carried out on the crop productivity response to soil erosion, little is known about the role of soil erosion as a driver of land-use change. Given, however, the some-times large erosion-induced reductions in crop yields, it appears likely that erosion has a strong impact on land-use. Abandonment of arable land due to declining productivity is a land-use change that may result from soil erosion. To test this hypothesis, the western part of Lesvos, Greece, was chosen as a case study area. Lesvos has experienced accelerated erosion on marginal soils over the last century during which important land-use changes have taken place. Of the 3211 ha that were under cereals in 1886, 53\,\% (1711 ha) was converted to rangeland (only used for extensive grazing) by the mid-20th century. At the same time, however, cereals partly returned to neighbouring areas that were previously rangeland, implying that certain processes at the local scale resulted in land becoming unsuitable in one place and (relatively) more suitable in other places. In order to identify the relationship between these land-use changes and the occurrence of soil erosion, erosion was modelled backwards for the period 1886-1996 and soil depths reconstructed for the time when the land-use was assumed to have changed (the mid-1950s). A logistic regression was performed with soil depth, erosion and slope as explanatory variables and land-use change as the response variable. Abandonment/reallocation of cereals was found to be fairly well predicted by slope and soil depth. Path analysis showed erosion to be an important driver for the abandonment and reallocation of cereals, although next to slope and soil depth it has little additional predictive value. Based on the logistic model, it is anticipated that cereal cultivation in western Lesvos will probably be abandoned in the near future.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13445906,ecology,ecosystem-change,land-use,soil-erosion,soil-resources},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{moriReframingEcosystemManagement2013,
  title = {Reframing Ecosystem Management in the Era of Climate Change: Issues and Knowledge from Forests},
  author = {Mori, Akira S. and Spies, Thomas A. and Sudmeier-Rieux, Karen and Andrade, Angela},
  date = {2013-09},
  journaltitle = {Biological Conservation},
  volume = {165},
  pages = {115--127},
  issn = {0006-3207},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.020},
  abstract = {We discuss ” ecosystem management (EM)” to face contemporary climate change issues. EM focuses on sustaining ecosystems to meet both ecological and human needs. EM plans have been largely developed independent of concerns about climate change. However, EM is potentially effective for climate change mitigation and adaptation. We provide the principle guidelines based on EM to adaptively tackle the issues. Climate change is one of the significant concerns in land and resource management, creating an urgent need to build social-ecological capacity to address widespread and uncertain environmental changes. Given the diversity and complexity of ecological responses to climate change ” ecosystem management” approaches are needed to provide solutions for meeting both ecological and human needs, while reducing anthropogenic warming and climate-related impacts on society. For instance, ecosystem management can contribute to a reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions through improved land-use and reduced deforestation at a regional scale. Further, conserving and restoring naturally-functioning ecosystems, which is often one of the goals of ecosystem management can significantly contribute to buffering ecological responses to climate extremes such as droughts and wildfires. Moreover, ecosystem management helps build capacity for learning and adaptation at multiple scales. As a result, societies will be better prepared to respond to surprises and uncertainties associated with climate change. In this regard, it is imperative to reframe climate change issues based on the ecosystem approach. Although climate change and ecosystem management plans have largely developed independently, it is now essential for all stakeholders to work together to achieve multiple goals. The ecosystem-based approaches can enable flexible and effective responses to the uncertainties associated with climate change. Reframing ecosystem management helps to face an urgent need for reconsideration and improvement of social-ecological resilience in order to mitigate and adapt to the changing climate.

[Excerpt: Conclusion]

Novel approaches underpinned by sociology, ecology and climate science are necessary to perform assessments that reflect the many roles that ecosystem management can play in mitigating and adapting to climate change. No single method and focal scale for addressing the effects or causes of climate change exists. Indeed, there are often trade-offs such as those between the goals of building resilience (learning from failure) and reducing vulnerability (minimizing failure) (Adger et al., 2008), suggesting some policies aimed at minimizing exposure to any hazards at the regional scale can potentially conflict with the proactive implementation of adaptive management at the local scale. In this article, we have discussed reframing ecosystem management as an effective way to address the uncertainties of climate change. It is therefore necessary to adopt flexible and robust management strategies that consider various scenarios, rather than adopting a single measure. Similar to climate change, which is intricately connected to other issues beyond physical climatic change, ecological issues are deeply associated with global issues. A number of environmental policies and plans have been historically developed with little consideration of climate instability. Among them, our attempt that integrates different management considerations into the common context lends a strong support for the objectives and approaches of ecosystem management as an effective tool to face climate change uncertainties.

[\textbackslash n] It is important for all stakeholders to work together to identity multiple goals. Ecologists need to address ecosystem processes and functions in the context of possible future conditions; resource managers and policymakers need to build capacity for learning and adaptation; and all stakeholders need to share a recognition that social-ecological systems are interacting not only with each other (social-ecological interdependence) but also with the climate system. In keeping with the view of Moss et al. (2010) that the future climate largely depends on the behaviour of global society, the fates of ecosystems will strongly depend on how human society faces climate change. In particular, there are still important gaps in the combined study of climate and ecosystem science that need to be addressed. At the time of UNFCCC meetings in Copenhagen in 2009, UNEP (2009a) stated that climate information, when coupled with other information such as ecology and socio-economics, should be centralized within policy formulation and decision making process for practical ecosystem management at local and regional scales with reasonable timescales of the next several decades. Bringing different fields together is essential to tackle future complexity. The constructive improvements that come from an ecosystem management strategy, as summarized in Table 2, has the potential to effectively fill the gaps among disciplines and stakeholders.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13912160,~to-add-doi-URL,adaptation,climate-change,climate-extremes,droughts,ecology,ecosystem,forest-resources,incomplete-knowledge,knowledge-integration,mitigation,uncertainty,wildfires}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{madejonWhitePoplarPopulus2004,
  title = {White Poplar ({{Populus}} Alba) as a Biomonitor of Trace Elements in Contaminated Riparian Forests},
  author = {Madejón, Paula and Marañón, Teodoro and Murillo, José M. and Robinson, Brett},
  date = {2004-11},
  journaltitle = {Environmental Pollution},
  volume = {132},
  pages = {145--155},
  issn = {0269-7491},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2004.03.015},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.03.015},
  abstract = {Trees can be used to monitor the level of pollution of trace elements in the soil and atmosphere. In this paper, we surveyed the content of eight trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in leaves and stems of white poplar (Populus alba) trees. We selected 25 trees in the riparian forest of the Guadiamar River (S. Spain), one year after this area was contaminated by a mine spill, and 10 trees in non-affected sites. The spill-affected soils had significantly higher levels of available cadmium (mean of 1.25 mg kg-1), zinc (117 mg kg-1), lead (63.3 mg kg-1), copper (58.0 mg kg-1) and arsenic (1.70 mg kg-1), than non-affected sites. The concentration of trace element in poplar leaves was positively and significantly correlated with the soil availability for cadmium and zinc, and to a lesser extent for arsenic (log-log relationship). Thus, poplar leaves could be used as biomonitors for soil pollution of Cd and Zn, and moderately for As.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13499227,biomonitoring,ecology,populus-alba,riparian-zones},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@report{montfortTrivialProgramYes2012,
  title = {The {{Trivial Program}} "Yes"},
  author = {Montfort, Nick},
  date = {2012},
  url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=1977468318009231308},
  abstract = {A trivial program, one that simply prints ” y” or a string that is given as an argument repeatedly, is explicated and examined at the levels of function and code. Although the program by itself is neither interesting or instructive, the argument is presented that by looking at ” yes” it is possible to better understand how programs exist not only on platforms but also in an ecology of systems, scripts, and utilities.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12634933,command-line,data-transformation-codelets,ecology,ecosystem,free-software},
  number = {TROPE;12-01}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@book{tricartEcogeographyRuralManagement1992,
  title = {Ecogeography and Rural Management : A Contribution to the {{International Geosphere}}-{{Biosphere Programme}}},
  author = {Tricart, Jean and KiewietdeJonge, Conrad and Tricart, Jean},
  date = {1992},
  publisher = {{Longman Scientific \& Technical ; Wiley}},
  url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=17408311211943469482},
  abstract = {Part 1 of this book reviews several different approaches to the study of the natural environment. It includes chapters on; land surveys; geomorphology; pedology; cartography; hydrology and remote sensing. Part 2 of the book has 3 chapters on the practical application of integrated land management.},
  isbn = {058206273},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13488307,abiotic-factors,ecology,geomorphology,natural-resources-interactions}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{guisanUnifyingNicheShift2014,
  title = {Unifying Niche Shift Studies: Insights from Biological Invasions},
  author = {Guisan, Antoine and Petitpierre, Blaise and Broennimann, Olivier and Daehler, Curtis and Kueffer, Christoph},
  date = {2014-08},
  journaltitle = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {260--269},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.009},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.009},
  abstract = {[Highlights] [::] We propose a unifying framework for assessing niche shifts from empirical data. [::] We base it on a review of studies of niche changes during biological invasions. [::] It decomposes niche changes and accounts for environmental availability and analogy. [::] This unifying framework allows proper comparison of existing and future niche studies. [::] It can also guide management under global change and the design of niche change experiments.

[Summary] 

Assessing whether the climatic niche of a species may change between different geographic areas or time periods has become increasingly important in the context of ongoing global change. However, approaches and findings have remained largely controversial so far, calling for a unification of methods. Here, we build on a review of empirical studies of invasion to formalize a unifying framework that decomposes niche change into unfilling, stability, and expansion situations, taking both a pooled range and range-specific perspective on the niche, while accounting for climatic availability and climatic analogy. This framework provides new insights into the nature of climate niche shifts and our ability to anticipate invasions, and may help in guiding the design of experiments for assessing causes of niche changes.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13118636,causal-networks,climatic-niche-shift,definition,ecology,global-change,invasive-species,niche-modelling,review,similarity,terminology},
  number = {5}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{kleinBelowgroundCarbonTrade2016,
  title = {Belowground Carbon Trade among Tall Trees in a Temperate Forest},
  author = {Klein, T. and Siegwolf, R. T. W. and Korner, C.},
  date = {2016-04},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  volume = {352},
  pages = {342--344},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aad6188},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad6188},
  abstract = {[Editor summary: Carbon trading between adult trees]

Competition between individual plants for resources is well known, but sharing of resources may also occur. Klein et al. observed tree-to-tree carbon shuttling between roots of tall trees in a mixed temperate forest in Switzerland (see the Perspective by van der Heijden). By applying stable carbon isotope labeling to individual tree canopies, they show that up to 40\,\% of the carbon in the fine roots of one individual may be derived from photosynthetic products of a neighbor. Carbon transfer of this kind, mediated by plant-associated fungi, or mycorrhizae, in the soil, has been reported on a smaller scale in seedlings, but not before in trees.

[Abstract]

Forest trees compete for light and soil resources, but photoassimilates, once produced in the foliage, are not considered to be exchanged between individuals. Applying stable carbon isotope labeling at the canopy scale, we show that carbon assimilated by 40-meter-tall spruce is traded over to neighboring beech, larch, and pine via overlapping root spheres. Isotope mixing signals indicate that the interspecific, bidirectional transfer, assisted by common ectomycorrhiza networks, accounted for 40\,\% of the fine root carbon (about 280 kilograms per hectare per year tree-to-tree transfer). Although competition for resources is commonly considered as the dominant tree-to-tree interaction in forests, trees may interact in more complex ways, including substantial carbon exchange.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14013061,~to-add-doi-URL,complexity,ecology,forest-resources,mycorrhizal-fungi,networks,organic-carbon,soil-resources,temperate-forests,vegetation},
  number = {6283}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{aristaAbiesPinsapoVersion2011,
  title = {Abies Pinsapo - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Arista, A. and Alaoui, M. L. and Knees, S. and Gardner, M.},
  date = {2011},
  pages = {42295/0+},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13496238___to-archive},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Abies pinsapo has a very limited distribution and a restricted habitat in small areas of Spain and Morocco. The total extent of occurrence (EOO) has been estimated to be 3,727 km², while the area of occupancy (AOO) is considerably less than 500 km². The number of locations is five and there is a decline in the quality of habitat in significant parts of its range. In Morocco, deforestation and forest degradation are regionally significant factors whereas in Spain, the decline is linked to\textasciitilde{} fungal and insect pathogens combined with the effects of recent droughts and long term fire suppression. This species is therefore listed as Endangered.

[::Common Name(s)] 

[::]English - Spanish Fir

[::]Spanish - Pinsapo

[::Taxonomic Notes] Abies pinsapo has two varieties, one in Morocco and the typical variety in southeastern Spain. The Moroccan variety is sometimes treated as a distinct species (Abies marocana). A third taxon, Abies tazaotana from Mt Tazaot in Morocco is generally regarded as conspecific with Abies pinsapo var. marocana. 

[::Range Description] Abies pinsapo occurs in two discrete and disjunct areas in southeastern Spain and in the Rif Mountains of Morocco. These are separated by the Straits of Gibralter and a distance of about 135 km. In Spain the typical variety has an EOO of 940 km2 with an actual AOO of 28.7 km2. In Morocco, A. pinsapo var. marocana has an estimated extent of occurrence of 75 km² with an estimated area of occupancy of 28 km². There are a total of five locations. Using standard IUCN methodology, the overall EOO is estimated to be 3,727 km2 rather than 1,015 km2. A significant proportion of the EOO is represented either by the Mediterranean Sea or other unsuitable habitat such as coastal plains. The estimated AOO is considerably less than 500 km2.

[::Countries] Native:Morocco; Spain

[::Population]  There are currently no accurate figures for the total number of mature individuals over the full extent of its range. The Moroccan subpopulation is considerably smaller than the Spanish subpopulation. Recent genetic studies (Terrab et al. 2007) have indicated\textasciitilde{} that the Spanish and Moroccan varieties have been isolated for considerable periods of time and that there is little, if any, gene flow between them.

[::Habitat and Ecology]  In Morocco Abies pinsapo occurs in the Mediterranean humid bioclimatic zone. The average annual rainfall is 1,500 mm, increasing to 1,900 mm at an altitude of 1,700 m. Stands are typically found on north facing dolomitic limestone slopes of mountain ridges. The optimal altitudinal range is between 1,400 and 1,800 m, where it forms mixed forests with a range of oaks and maples. Between 1,800 and 2,000 m Abies occurs with Cedrus atlantica, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster. Above 2,000 m the mountain summits are typically dominated by shrubby xerophytic species. In southeastern Spain Abies pinsapo occurs on dolomitic soils in the Sierra de Grazalema and Sierra de las Nieves but on serpentine soils in the Sierra Bermeja. Forests occur at altitudes between 900 and 1,600 m asl. Above 1,100 m its forms dense, pure forests, but below this altitude trees occur in mixed communities with a range of oaks and pines. More detailed information is given in the assessment for each\textasciitilde{} variety.

[::Major Threat(s)]  In Spain the major threat is fire. Other threats include pests and diseases which are more apparent during drought years when forests are more stressed.\textasciitilde{} During the last decade (1990s) a regional warming trend and a decrease in precipitation has been observed. These changes have been associated with increasing mortality of trees at elevations below 1,100m (Linares 2009). In Morocco, fire is also a major threat. Deforestation and habitat degradation associated with cannabis cultivation in the areas surrounding the fir stands are additional threats. More detailed information is given in the assessment for each\textasciitilde{} variety.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496238,abies-pinsapo,conservation,ecology,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-endangered-en}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{gibonModellingSimulatingChange2010,
  title = {Modelling and Simulating Change in Reforesting Mountain Landscapes Using a Social-Ecological Framework},
  author = {Gibon, Annick and Sheeren, David and Monteil, Claude and Ladet, Sylvie and Balent, Gérard},
  date = {2010-02},
  journaltitle = {Landscape Ecology},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {267--285},
  issn = {0921-2973},
  doi = {10.1007/s10980-009-9438-5},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9438-5},
  abstract = {Natural reforestation of European mountain landscapes raises major environmental and societal issues. With local stakeholders in the Pyrenees National Park area (France), we studied agricultural landscape colonisation by ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to enlighten its impacts on biodiversity and other landscape functions of importance for the valley socio-economics. The study comprised an integrated assessment of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) since the 1950s, and a scenario analysis of alternative future policy. We combined knowledge and methods from landscape ecology, land change and agricultural sciences, and a set of coordinated field studies to capture interactions and feedback in the local landscape/land-use system. Our results elicited the hierarchically-nested relationships between social and ecological processes. Agricultural change played a preeminent role in the spatial and temporal patterns of LUCC. Landscape colonisation by ash at the parcel level of organisation was merely controlled by grassland management, and in fact depended on the farmer's land management at the whole-farm level. LUCC patterns at the landscape level depended to a great extent on interactions between farm household behaviours and the spatial arrangement of landholdings within the landscape mosaic. Our results stressed the need to represent the local SES function at a fine scale to adequately capture scenarios of change in landscape functions. These findings orientated our modelling choices in the building an agent-based model for LUCC simulation (SMASH-Spatialized Multi-Agent System of landscape colonization by ASH). We discuss our method and results with reference to topical issues in interdisciplinary research into the sustainability of multifunctional landscapes.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6562026,assessment,biodiversity,ecology,environment-society-economy,europe,forest-resources,france,fraxinus-excelsior,landscape-modelling,mountainous-areas},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{majerEcologicalRelationsTurkey1984,
  title = {The Ecological Relations of {{Turkey}} Oak ({{Quercus}} Cerris)},
  author = {Majer, A.},
  date = {1984},
  journaltitle = {Folia Dendrologica},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {331--345},
  issn = {0139-9144},
  url = {http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19870617307.html},
  abstract = {An account of the plant sociology, site requirements (with ecological 'phase diagrams') and general silviculture of Turkey oak in Hungary. The species tolerates pseudogley soils and summer drought and grows naturally in association with Q. robur on the western lowlands and with Q. petraea in uplands on southern aspects. The present very widespread occurrence of Q. cerris in Hungary is the result of extensive introduction as a fuelwood species in the last century. Q. cerris should be retained on its natural sites as an accessory species for 'common' oak.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13555176,ecology,quercus-cerris}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mullerIndicatingEcosystemIntegrity2000,
  title = {Indicating Ecosystem Integrity -- Theoretical Concepts and Environmental Requirements},
  author = {Müller, Felix and Hoffmann-Kroll, Regina and Wiggering, Hubert},
  date = {2000-06},
  journaltitle = {Ecological Modelling},
  volume = {130},
  pages = {13--23},
  issn = {0304-3800},
  doi = {10.1016/s0304-3800(00)00210-6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3800(00)00210-6},
  abstract = {This paper discusses some conceptual fundamentals for the derivation of environmental indicator sets. On the one hand, it defines requirements from environmental politics, environmental management and legislation, reaching from political target hierarchies and sustainable management strategies to holistic protection concepts such as process protection, resource preservation, ecosystem health and ecological integrity. On the other hand, demands from ecosystem theory are described which include the consideration of features such as self-organization, emergence, thermodynamics, gradients and ecological orientors in environmental indicator sets. From that concept, collective and emergent properties are selected and eight holistic ecosystem features are presented that indicate the ecosystemic state as an ensemble. These general indicators of ecosystem integrity are supplemented by variables on structural changes and substance dynamics.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11858641,complexity,ecology,ecosystem-conservation,ecosystem-resilience,emergent-property,integrated-modelling,transdisciplinary-research},
  number = {1-3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dassotUseTerrestrialLiDAR2011,
  title = {The Use of Terrestrial {{LiDAR}} Technology in Forest Science: Application Fields, Benefits and Challenges},
  author = {Dassot, Mathieu and Constant, Thiéry and Fournier, Meriem},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {Annals of Forest Science},
  volume = {68},
  pages = {959--974},
  issn = {1297-966X},
  doi = {10.1007/s13595-011-0102-2},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13704459},
  abstract = {[Introduction] The use of terrestrial LiDAR (light detection and ranging) scanners in forest environments is being studied extensively at present due to the high potential of this technology to acquire three-dimensional data on standing trees rapidly and accurately. This article aims to establish the state-of-the-art in this emerging area.

[Objectives] Terrestrial LiDAR has been applied to forest inventory measurements (plot cartography, species recognition, diameter at breast height, tree height, stem density, basal area and plot-level wood volume estimates) and canopy characterisation (virtual projections, gap fraction and three-dimensional foliage distribution). These techniques have been extended to stand value and wood quality assessment. Terrestrial LiDAR also provides new support for ecological applications such as the assessment of the physical properties of leaves, transpiration processes and microhabitat diversity.

[Results] Since 2003, both the capabilities of the devices and data processing technology have improved significantly, with encouraging results. Nevertheless, measurement patterns and device specifications must be selected carefully according to the objectives of the study. Moreover, automated and reliable programmes are still required to process data to make these methodologies applicable specifically to the forest sciences and to fill the gap between time-consuming manual methods and wide-scale remote sensing such as airborne LiDAR scanning.

[Excerpt: Conclusions] The aim of this article was to establish the state-of-the-art of the current applications of T-LiDAR technology in forest science, as well as to determine its applicability for its intended use. It appears that T-LiDAR instruments have the potential to enhance forest measurements and to overcome metrological difficulties by describing the under-canopy structure faster and in greater detail than time-consuming manual techniques. T-LiDAR scanning also provides information inaccessible to large-scale airborne LiDAR measurements. Its potential implications in the fields of forest inventories, commercial wood management and forest ecology are many. Two aspects need to be improved to make this technology specifically applicable to forestry. The first concerns the T-LiDAR devices themselves, particularly in terms of acquisition time, signal-to-noise ratio, and cost. The second concerns the development of cheap and easy-to-use software that would make it possible to automatically extract information from incomplete data. T-LiDAR has also been used within the field of forest ecology over the past few years. These studies concerned very specific applications, but demonstrated the potential of this technology to provide a good background for ecological questions such as microhabitat distribution and the assessment of the ecological processes that occur in the forest environment. Despite the maturity of these devices, some progress remains to be made in the analysis of the 3D cloud to enhance the extraction of relevant information. There is no doubt that the evolution of devices and computing science will make T-LiDAR technology an important source of information for describing natural environments in the future.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13704459,~to-add-doi-URL,data,ecology,field-measurements,forest-resources,inventories,lidar,remote-sensing,terrestrial-lidar,wide-scale},
  number = {5}
}

@article{susmelPinoCembro1954,
  title = {Pino Cembro},
  author = {Susmel, Lucio},
  date = {1954},
  journaltitle = {Monti e boschi},
  volume = {11/12},
  issn = {1124-1454},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496467,ecology,monography,pinus-cembra}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{gardnerAbiesCilicicaVersion2013,
  title = {Abies Cilicica - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Gardner, M. and Knees, S.},
  date = {2013},
  pages = {42275/0+},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13496232___to-archive},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Abies cilicica has a relatively wide distribution in Turkey, Lebanon and Syria with an estimated area of occupancy of 3,397 km2. The small subpopulations of the typical subspecies in Lebanon and Syria are both heavily degraded and should be considered Critically Endangered at the national level. The Mediterranean vegetation of southern Turkey, especially the montane areas, is considered to be at high risk from climate change (Ozturk 2010). Records clearly show that summer temperatures are rising and in the last five decades the annual rainfall has decreased significantly. These trends are creating an increased risk of fire, and are also contributing to a decrease in the general health of the trees which in turn makes them more vulnerable to pathogen attack. The Taurus Mountains are also seeing a big increase in the number of tourist which also increases the risk of forest fire (Ozturk 2010). If these negative trends continue then this species could qualify for Vulnerable under the subcriteria for B2. However, at this stage an assessment of Near Threatened better reflects its relatively limited area of occupancy and the current extent of decline. 

[::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Cilician Fir, Syrian fir 

[::Range Description] Occurs in the mountains adjacent to the northeastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, Syria and Lebanon. Area of occupancy (AOO) = 3,397 km2. Turkey Population runs along the length of the Taurus Mountains with an estimated AOO of\textasciitilde{} 3,374 km2 (Bozkus 1998). The subpopulation is divided into two subspecies within the Taurus Mountains; the smaller, western area with A. cilicica subsp. isaurica and the larger eastern area with A. cilicica subsp. cilicica.Syria\textasciitilde{} A small subpopulation at Slenfch (Lattakia) with an AOO of 13.5 km2 (Government of Syria 1995).Lebanon restricted to the northern part of the Mount Lebanon range, and reaches its southernmost limit in the forest of Horshe Ehden. It has a limited and fragmented distribution in three locations (Ehden forest, Qammoua mountain, Ain Toffaha NE of Seer Eddeniyea) with an AOO of 10 km² (Talhouk et al. 2001).~~

[::Countries] Native:Lebanon; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey

[::Population]  Although there are no accurate figures, historically Abies cilicica (along with its commonly associated species Cedrus libani) has suffered a significant decrease in its area of occupancy in Lebanon and Syria. In Lebanon much of the forest destruction occurred in the 16th century (when logging became an alternative form of tax payments, and as a result increased uncontrollably) and further felling occurred during World War I (Talhouk 2001). In Turkey, although there has been a decrease in the forest cover, this has been on a much lesser scale. 

[::Habitat and Ecology]  Abies cilicica has an altitudinal range of 1,000- 2,000 m.s.l. (Davis 1965). In Turkey it can form pure forests (640 km2;~Bozkus 1988)), but throughout its\textasciitilde{} range it mainly occurs in mixed forests (1,733 km2; Bozkus 1988)), mostly with Cedrus libani. In Turkey it can be associated with Juniperus excelsa, J. oxycedrus, Populus tremula and Quercus libani, while in Syria it grows with Ostrya carpinifolia, Carpinus orientalis, Sorbus torminalis, Fraxinus ornus and Cerasus mahleb (Browicz 1982). It favours calcareous substrates which are shallow, rocky and well drained.

[::Use and Trade]  There is local trade in timber from this species. The wood is used for indoor construction mainly as plywood.

[::Major Threat(s)]  Lebanon - Very fragmented and degraded due to present-day pressures from urbanization and associated development and historically due to the wood being used for building railways. The forest of Qammoua is one of many examples of ongoing over-exploitation of forests in marginalized rural areas with villagers cutting large quantities of wood for fuel and grazing their livestock in the forest for most of the year. (Beals 1965, Talhouk et al.~2001). The latter is a large and degraded Cilician Fir subpopulation covering an area of over 10 km2 (Talhouk et al. 2001). The species is considered to having a low natural adaptive capacity to current and future trends as far as Climate Change is concerned (Ministry of Environment 2011). Illegal logging and poor forest management are further threats to the forest (Ministry of Environment 2011).Syria - This small coastal forest is very degraded due to urbanization, fires, small-scale logging and grazing by goats and because of all these negative factors the forest is in urgent need of protection (Government of Syria 1995).Turkey - These forests are under less threat than those in Lebanon and Syria, however, large areas of forest are in a state of degradation. For example, 44\,\% of the pure stand forests and 86\,\% of the mixed stand forests are degraded (Bozkus 1988). Much of this has been caused by over-grazing of feral goats. They are particularly destructive as they damage seedlings and young shoots abd areas where they have grazed cannot easily regenerate (McGinley 2008). Other threats include fire (partially as a result of an increase in tourism in the Taurus Mountains) and pathogen attack.\textasciitilde{} There have also been reports of sudden mortality in A. cilicica subsp. isaurica (Carus 2010) and a general decline in forest health due to the impacts of higher summer temperatures and decreased precipitation that have been attributed to global warming (Ozturk 2010).},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496232,abies-cilicica,conservation,ecology,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-near-threatened-nt}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{leeSitkaSprucePicea2013,
  title = {Sitka {{Spruce}} ({{Picea}} Sitchensis ({{Bong}}.) {{Carr}})},
  booktitle = {Forest {{Tree Breeding}} in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Lee, Steve and Thompson, David and Hansen, Jon K.},
  editor = {Pâques, Luc E.},
  date = {2013},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {177--227},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9\\_4},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9_4},
  abstract = {Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) is native to the Pacific North West of America and was introduced to Western Europe in the early 19th nineteenth century. It is now an important commercial species along the extreme western seaboard of Europe - namely Ireland and Great Britain - and this is where most progress has been made in the area of selection and breeding. Sitka spruce has been the subject of more limited selection and breeding work in some other European countries where it is of secondary or minor significance - Denmark, France, Germany, and Norway. These programmes have now effectively come to a close due to perceived lack of importance. In Sweden Sitka spruce is being planted at an increasing rate and is seen as a species of great potential in the light of climate change. This monograph presents details and statistics relating to Sitka spruce breeding across Europe. It summarises the work carried out to date (plus trees, field testing, orchards), the gains achieved, knowledge of genetic relationships between selection traits, and acts as a conduit to further references for the interested reader.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12784620,ecology,economics,forest-resources,picea-sitchensis,species-distribution},
  series = {Managing {{Forest Ecosystems}}}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{newboldHasLandUse2016,
  title = {Has Land Use Pushed Terrestrial Biodiversity beyond the Planetary Boundary? {{A}} Global Assessment},
  author = {Newbold, T. and Hudson, L. N. and Arnell, A. P. and Contu, S. and De Palma, A. and Ferrier, S. and Hill, S. L. L. and Hoskins, A. J. and Lysenko, I. and Phillips, H. R. P. and Burton, V. J. and Chng, C. W. T. and Emerson, S. and Gao, D. and Pask-Hale, G. and Hutton, J. and Jung, M. and Sanchez-Ortiz, K. and Simmons, B. I. and Whitmee, S. and Zhang, H. and Scharlemann, J. P. W. and Purvis, A.},
  date = {2016-07},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  volume = {353},
  pages = {288--291},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aaf2201},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2201},
  abstract = {[Crossing ” safe” limits for biodiversity loss]

The planetary boundaries framework attempts to set limits for biodiversity loss within which ecological function is relatively unaffected. Newbold et al. present a quantitative global analysis of the extent to which the proposed planetary boundary has been crossed (see the Perspective by Oliver). Using over 2 million records for nearly 40,000 terrestrial species, they modeled the response of biodiversity to land use and related pressures and then estimated, at a spatial resolution of ∼1 km2, the extent and spatial patterns of changes in local biodiversity. Across 65\,\% of the terrestrial surface, land use and related pressures have caused biotic intactness to decline beyond 10\,\%, the proposed ” safe” planetary boundary. Changes have been most pronounced in grassland biomes and biodiversity hotspots.

[Abstract]

Land use and related pressures have reduced local terrestrial biodiversity, but it is unclear how the magnitude of change relates to the recently proposed planetary boundary ( ” safe limit”). We estimate that land use and related pressures have already reduced local biodiversity intactness -- the average proportion of natural biodiversity remaining in local ecosystems -- beyond its recently proposed planetary boundary across 58.1\,\% of the world's land surface, where 71.4\,\% of the human population live. Biodiversity intactness within most biomes (especially grassland biomes), most biodiversity hotspots, and even some wilderness areas is inferred to be beyond the boundary. Such widespread transgression of safe limits suggests that biodiversity loss, if unchecked, will undermine efforts toward long-term sustainable development.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14097161,~to-add-doi-URL,anthropocene,anthropogenic-changes,biodiversity,ecology,global-change,global-scale,grasslands,homeostasis,hotspot,land-use,species-richness,tipping-point},
  number = {6296}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marcSpidersAraneaeUseful1999,
  title = {Spiders ({{Araneae}}) Useful for Pest Limitation and Bioindication},
  author = {Marc, Patrick and Canard, Alain and Ysnel, Frédéric},
  date = {1999-06},
  journaltitle = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
  volume = {74},
  pages = {229--273},
  issn = {0167-8809},
  doi = {10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00038-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00038-9},
  abstract = {In northern Europe at least, extensive knowledge of the systematics and ecology of spiders leads the authors to consider them as a very suitable group for pest limitation and for biodiagnostic purposes. An examination of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of perdition by spider populations and communities is discussed as well as the evolution of some human factors occurring in agroecosystems that are likely to induce changes in spider predation such as chemical spraying and cultural practices. Studies addressing the recolonisation of agroecosystems by spiders, taking into account their dispersing abilities and habitat selection are summarised, followed by a discussion of the global efficiency of spiders as predators in such environments, the risks associated with their use and how to maximise their efficiency. The bioindicative value of spiders is presented by referring successively to population level and community level. The growth rate or the reproductive rate observed in natural populations can be correlated with the amount of prey ingested in the field. Thus, these parameters give an indirect estimation of the habitat quality. Two specific field experiments are presented to illustrate this ecological concept. Moreover, the role of spiders as indicators of heavy metal pollution (atmospheric or soil pollution) integrated by organisms living close to sources of pollution is discussed by reference to a set of laboratory and field experiments. Due to the close correspondence between the vegetation architecture and the composition of the associated spider community, it is argued (with a list of examples) that fluctuations in the spider community structure allows the bioevaluation of human disturbances. Based on the composition of the spider communities, methods of ecological classifications of natural habitats in several European countries are presented.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11927999,agroecosystems,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,ecology,heavy-metals,northern-europe,plant-pests,review-scopus-european-biodiversity-indicators,scopus-indexed,spiders},
  number = {1-3}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{farjonLarixDeciduaVar2014,
  title = {Larix Decidua Var. Polonica - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Farjon, A.},
  date = {2014},
  pages = {34161/0+},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13523264},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] This variety is very limited in its distribution and the localities mentioned in the literature that could be trusted are few, probably only three to five. Some mapped occurrences by Ostenfeld and Syrach Larsen (1930) on the Wista near Warsaw and even beyond are more probably based on introduced larch trees than on natural subpopulations. The localities discussed and photographed are all near each other where ” single specimens” are mapped and these are vouchered by herbarium collections. Its area of occupancy is certainly below the threshold for Endangered and likely much smaller. Trees were dying in the first quarter of the twentieth century, others were senescent, and there was little or no regeneration but much competition from other trees. Continuing decline puts this variety in the Endangered category.

[::Taxonomic Notes] In some Central European Flora's Larix decidua var. carpatica is included with L. decidua var. polonica.

[::Range Description] Endemic to Poland (headwaters of Wista River, West Carpathians).

[::Countries] Native:Poland

[::Population]  The naturally occurring larches in Poland (a country where this tree has been used in forestry extensively) appear to be in scattered remnants of ancient woodland, often restricted to one or a few mature to senescent individuals. The variety has also been found in the north-facing valleys of the West Carpathians, where a few stands remain that appear to do better (Vidakovic, 1991). In the ancient woodlands at lower elevations regeneration is poor and competition from other trees, mostly angiosperms, high. The population (here excluding larches south of the border/watershed with Poland, which are treated as Larix decidua var. carpatica) is apparently in decline.

[::Habitat and Ecology]  This taxon occurs in ancient woodland remnants in the lowlands or hills, where it forms small stands or is reduced to solitary, often senescent or dying trees surrounded by birches, oaks and other trees. In the uplands further south it can form small stands where larch dominates. The ancient woodland remnants are changing through succession and were probably more open with past forms of woodland management and use, benefiting larch. This may be a phase that is now past return, unless artificially restored.

[::Use and Trade]  Undoubtedly this variety was logged in the past, but remaining trees are now mostly within small forest reserves.

[::Major Threat(s)]  Competition from surrounding angiosperms in the lowland stands within ancient woodland; possibly also genetic contamination from planted larches (mostly L. decidua var. decidua) nearby.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13523264,conservation,ecology,larix-decidua,monography,species-description}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{monasterskyAnthropoceneHumanAge2015,
  title = {Anthropocene: The Human Age},
  author = {Monastersky, Richard},
  date = {2015-03},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  volume = {519},
  pages = {144--147},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/519144a},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/519144a},
  abstract = {Momentum is building to establish a new geological epoch that recognizes humanity's impact on the planet. But there is fierce debate behind the scenes.

[Excerpt] [...] Through mining activities alone, humans move more sediment than all the world's rivers combined. Homo sapiens has also warmed the planet, raised sea levels, eroded the ozone layer and acidified the oceans.

[\textbackslash n] Given the magnitude of these changes, many researchers propose that the Anthropocene represents a new division of geological time. The concept has gained traction, especially in the past few years -- and not just among geoscientists. The word has been invoked by archaeologists, historians and even gender-studies researchers; several museums around the world have exhibited art inspired by the Anthropocene; and the media have heartily adopted the idea. ” Welcome to the Anthropocene,” The Economist announced in 2011.

[\textbackslash n] The greeting was a tad premature. Although the term is trending, the Anthropocene is still an amorphous notion -- an unofficial name that has yet to be accepted as part of the geological timescale. That may change soon. A committee of researchers is currently hashing out whether to codify the Anthropocene as a formal geological unit, and when to define its starting point.

[\textbackslash n] But critics worry that important arguments against the proposal have been drowned out by popular enthusiasm, driven in part by environmentally minded researchers who want to highlight how destructive humans have become. Some supporters of the Anthropocene idea have even been likened to zealots. ” There's a similarity to certain religious groups who are extremely keen on their religion -- to the extent that they think everybody who doesn't practise their religion is some kind of barbarian,” says one geologist who asked not to be named.

[\textbackslash n] The debate has shone a spotlight on the typically unnoticed process by which geologists carve up Earth's 4.5 billion years of history. Normally, decisions about the geological timescale are made solely on the basis of stratigraphy -- the evidence contained in layers of rock, ocean sediments, ice cores and other geological deposits. But the issue of the Anthropocene ” is an order of magnitude more complicated than the stratigraphy”, says Jan Zalasiewicz, a geologist at the University of Leicester, UK, and the chair of the Anthropocene Working Group that is evaluating the issue for the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). [...]

[\textbackslash n] When the Anthropocene Working Group started investigating, it compiled a much longer long list of the changes wrought by humans. Agriculture, construction and the damming of rivers is stripping away sediment at least ten times as fast as the natural forces of erosion. Along some coastlines, the flood of nutrients from fertilizers has created oxygen-poor 'dead zones', and the extra CO2 from fossil-fuel burning has acidified the surface waters of the ocean by 0.1 pH units. The fingerprint of humans is clear in global temperatures, the rate of species extinctions and the loss of Arctic ice.

[\textbackslash n] The group, which includes Crutzen, initially leaned towards his idea of choosing the Industrial Revolution as the beginning of the Anthropocene. But other options were on the table.

[\textbackslash n] Some researchers have argued for a starting time that coincides with an expansion of agriculture and livestock cultivation more than 5,000 years ago4, or a surge in mining more than 3,000 years ago (see 'Humans at the helm'). But neither the Industrial Revolution nor those earlier changes have left unambiguous geological signals of human activity that are synchronous around the globe (see 'Landscape architecture').

[\textbackslash n] This week in Nature, two researchers propose that a potential marker for the start of the Anthropocene could be a noticeable drop in atmospheric CO2 concentrations between 1570 and 1620, which is recorded in ice cores (see page 171). They link this change to the deaths of some 50 million indigenous people in the Americas, triggered by the arrival of Europeans. In the aftermath, forests took over 65 million hectares of abandoned agricultural fields -- a surge of regrowth that reduced global CO2.

[\textbackslash n] In the working group, Zalasiewicz and others have been talking increasingly about another option -- using the geological marks left by the atomic age. Between 1945 and 1963, when the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty took effect, nations conducted some 500 above-ground nuclear blasts. Debris from those explosions circled the globe and created an identifiable layer of radioactive elements in sediments. At the same time, humans were making geological impressions in a number of other ways -- all part of what has been called the Great Acceleration of the modern world. Plastics started flooding the environment, along with aluminium, artificial fertilizers, concrete and leaded petrol, all of which have left signals in the sedimentary record. [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13547930,anthropic-feedback,anthropocene,anthropogenic-changes,anthropogenic-impacts,climate,ecology,evolution,featured-publication,long-distance-dispersal,species-distribution},
  number = {7542}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{temunovicIdentifyingRefugiaClimate2013,
  title = {Identifying Refugia from Climate Change Using Coupled Ecological and Genetic Data in a Transitional {{Mediterranean}}-Temperate Tree Species},
  author = {Temunović, M. and Frascaria-Lacoste, N. and Franjić, J. and Satovic, Z. and Fernández-Manjarrés, J. F.},
  date = {2013-04},
  journaltitle = {Molecular Ecology},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {2128--2142},
  issn = {0962-1083},
  doi = {10.1111/mec.12252},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12252},
  abstract = {Populations occurring in areas of overlap between the current and future distribution of a species are particularly important because they can represent ” refugia from climate change”. We coupled ecological and range-wide genetic variation data to detect such areas and to evaluate the impacts of habitat suitability changes on the genetic diversity of the transitional Mediterranean-temperate tree Fraxinus angustifolia. We sampled and genotyped 38 natural populations comprising 1006 individuals from across Europe. We found the highest genetic diversity in western and northern Mediterranean populations, as well as a significant west to east decline in genetic diversity. Areas of potential refugia that correspond to approximately 70\,\% of the suitable habitat may support the persistence of more than 90\,\% of the total number of alleles in the future. Moreover, based on correlations between Bayesian genetic assignment and climate, climate change may favour the westward spread of the Black Sea gene pool in the long term. Overall, our results suggest that the northerly core areas of the current distribution contain the most important part of the genetic variation for this species and may serve as in situ macrorefugia from ongoing climate change. However, rear-edge populations of the southern Mediterranean may be exposed to a potential loss of unique genetic diversity owing to habitat suitability changes unless populations can persist in microrefugia that have facilitated such persistence in the past.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14147786,climate-change,climate-refugia,ecology,forest-resources,fraxinus-angustifolia,genetic-diversity,mediterranean-region,temperate-climate},
  number = {8}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{guichardRegularPatternsLink2017,
  title = {Regular Patterns Link Individual Behavior to Population Persistence},
  author = {Guichard, Frederic},
  date = {2017-07},
  journaltitle = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  volume = {114},
  pages = {7747--7749},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1709063114},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709063114},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Resisting and recovering from disturbances is a necessity for most species. The strategy is sometimes collective, depending on the aggregation of interacting individuals into regular patterns. However, relating patterns of abundance across scales to both individual behavior and population persistence remains a major challenge for ecology. Such patterns are found in many ecosystems, ranging from microbes to forests, with their regularity taking the form of evenly sized and spaced bands and patches of aggregated individuals. Regular patterns are said to be self-organized when they emerge from local interactions among individuals that are a combination of positive and negative feedbacks. Positive feedbacks mean that growth and survival increase with the density of individuals. Such ” safety in numbers” is found in many natural systems, including saltmarshes, arid vegetation, and mussel beds, where individuals can gain protection from physical disturbances, such as waves or erosion. However, aggregation also means competing for limited resources, which leads to negative feedbacks between density and growth. The combination of positive and negative feedbacks illustrates the ” balance of nature”, and could lead to a homogeneous distribution, but their properties can produce much more complex dynamics. First, their nonlinearity means that growth and survival can show abrupt changes with small changes in density, which can prevent populations from reaching an equilibrium state. Second, most ecological interactions among individuals occur over limited spatial scales (i.e., between neighbors). When the spatial extent of positive effects is shorter than the extent of negative competitive effects, regular patterns of aggregation can emerge [...]. When it is the temporal scales of feedbacks that differ instead, self-organized patterns can emerge as a scale-free distribution of aggregated individuals [...]. 

[] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14401148,~to-add-doi-URL,competition,competition-vs-coexistence,complexity,cooperation,disturbances,dynamic-system,ecology,emergent-property,feedback,non-linearity,pattern,population-decline,population-density,population-growth,population-structuring,resilience,self-organization,spatial-pattern,sustainability},
  number = {30}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{stevensonEcologyBiogeographyManagement2001,
  title = {Ecology, Biogeography and Management of {{Pinus}} Halepensis and {{P}}. Brutia Forest Ecosystems in the {{Mediterranean}} Basin},
  booktitle = {Journal of {{Ecology}}},
  author = {Stevenson, A. C.},
  date = {2001-10},
  volume = {89},
  pages = {904},
  publisher = {{Blackwell Science Ltd}},
  doi = {10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00591.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00591.x},
  abstract = {Pine woodlands belonging to the P. halepensis-brutia group are one of the principal constituents of forest vegetation around the Mediterranean basin, covering some 7 million hectares, yet our ecological understanding of their history and ecology remains poor. The present volume, arising from a MEDPINE workshop held at Beth Oren (aptly named -'House of the Pine') in Israel, attempts to provide some answers.

[\textbackslash n] The contents are restricted to the ecology of a subset of pine woodlands dominated by Pinus halepensis (predominantly western Mediterranean in its distribution) and its close cousin Pinus brutia (predominantly eastern Mediterranean in its distribution). The volume is arranged into four sections. The first section, concentrates on aspects of taxonomy and autecology, tackles the knotty taxonomic and biogeographical problems of the two taxa including casting some interesting light on their intra- and interspecific genetic diversity. Thereafter, the remainder of the first section concentrates mainly on aspects of seed germination, including the role of serotiny in seed dispersal and predation, and whole tree ecophysiology. The second section contains a cluster of chapters arranged around an ecosystem theme and deals mainly with stand dynamics, the role of soil seed banks and a series of chapters on the role of mycorrhizae, soil arthropods, phytophagous insects, passerine birds and small mammal communities. The third section deals with aspects of fire ecology, while the last section deals with management aspects.

[\textbackslash n] There is much of interest to the forest ecologist in this volume but as with most edited volumes the coverage and quality of individual chapters vary. For instance, the palaeoecological perspective of the role of pine woodland in the Mediterranean basin is restricted to a discussion of Israel and none of the vast wealth of pollen and charcoal data, especially from the western Mediterranean, is reviewed. Moreover, in some cases, e.g. reproductive strategies, topics and details tend to be repeated throughout the seven chapters concerned. I do think an opportunity has been missed by not co-ordinating this information into two or three more synoptic chapters that might have then fed into a discussion on how we can model the stand dynamics of the two taxa. The same observations could be made about the fire chapters, which could also have benefited from a more co-ordinated approach.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13526315,~to-add-doi-URL,ecology,mediterranean-region,pinus-halepensis},
  number = {5}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sayerResearchIntegrateProductivity2001,
  title = {Research to {{Integrate Productivity Enhancement}}, {{Environmental Protection}}, and {{Human Development}}},
  author = {Sayer, Jeffrey A. and Campbell, Bruce},
  date = {2001},
  journaltitle = {Ecology and Society},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {32++},
  issn = {1708-3087},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/12603983},
  abstract = {To meet the challenges of poverty and environmental sustainability, a different kind of research will be needed. This research will need to embrace the complexity of these systems by redirecting the objectives of research toward enhancing adaptive capacity, by incorporating more participatory approaches, by embracing key principles such as multi-scale analysis and intervention, and by the use of a variety of tools (e.g., systems analysis, information management tools, and impact assessment tools). Integration will be the key concept in the new approach; integration across scales, components, stakeholders, and disciplines. Integrated approaches, as described in this Special Feature, will require changes in the culture and organization of research.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12603983,complexity,conservation,ecology,indicators,integration-techniques,multi-objective-planning,multi-stakeholder-decision-making,non-linearity,scientific-communication,uncertainty},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{clericiRiparianZonesWhere2011,
  title = {Riparian Zones {{Where}} Green and Blue Networks Meet: Pan-{{European}} Zonation Modelling Based on Remote Sensing and {{GIS}}},
  author = {Clerici, Nicola and Weissteiner, Christof J. and Paracchini, Luisa M. and Strobl, Peter},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {EUR - Scientific and Technical Research},
  volume = {24774},
  pages = {62 pp.},
  issn = {1018-5593},
  doi = {10.2788/80271},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2788/80271},
  abstract = {This Technical Report presents a new riparian zonation model for Europe based on satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques. Riparian zones are key ecological systems that provide a wide array of ecosystem services tosociety and the natural environment, as well as being fundamental structural elements of the European Green Infrastructure. The zonation model is based on a multi-layer approach, which takes into account a series of descriptive attributes and assigns a degree of belonging to the riparian zone class based on fuzzy membership scores. Model output has a 25 m spatial resolution and follows INSPIRE standards. A short characterization of model output is also proposed, together with a detailed assessment of accuracy. Information about riparian zone distribution will provide the basis for comprehensive characterization and ecological analysis at European scale, such as the identification of key riparian zones maintaining landscape connectivity, the evaluation of targeted riparian ecosystem services and monitoring of change at continental scale [Description de l'éditeur].},
  issue = {JRC 63959},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12635515,ecology,ecosystem,ecosystem-services,europe,forest-resources,gis,remote-sensing,riparian-zones,soil-resources,water-resources}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{meyfroidtGlobalForestTransition2011,
  title = {Global {{Forest Transition}}: {{Prospects}} for an {{End}} to {{Deforestation}}},
  author = {Meyfroidt, Patrick and Lambin, Eric F.},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {Annual Review of Environment and Resources},
  volume = {36},
  pages = {343--371},
  issn = {1543-5938},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-090710-143732},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-090710-143732},
  abstract = {Although global rates of tropical deforestation remain alarmingly high, they have decreased over the period 2000-2010, and a handful of tropical developing countries have recently been through a forest transition -- a shift from net deforestation to net reforestation. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on the occurrence, causes, and ecological impacts of forest transitions and examines the prospects and policy options for a global forest transition. The ecological quality of forest transitions depends on multiple factors, including the importance of natural forest regeneration versus plantations. Given an increased competition for productive land between different land uses, a global forest transition will require major technological and policy innovations to supply wood and agricultural products. In the globalization era, national strategies aimed at forest protection and sustainable use of forest resources may have unintended effects abroad owing to a displacement of land use across countries. Decisions by consumers combined with certification schemes and moratoriums have an increasing influence on the fate of forests.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13384695,deforestation,ecology,forest-resources,land-use,review,sustainability,tropical-forests},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{whiteValueCoordinatedManagement2012,
  title = {The Value of Coordinated Management of Interacting Ecosystem Services},
  author = {White, Crow and Costello, Christopher and Kendall, Bruce E. and Brown, Christopher J.},
  date = {2012-06},
  journaltitle = {Ecology Letters},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {509--519},
  issn = {1461-0248},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01773.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01773.x},
  abstract = {Coordinating decisions and actions among interacting sectors is a critical component of ecosystem-based management, but uncertainty about coordinated management's effects is compromising its perceived value and use. We constructed an analytical framework for explicitly calculating how coordination affects management decisions, ecosystem state and the provision of ecosystem services in relation to ecosystem dynamics and socio-economic objectives. The central insight is that the appropriate comparison strategy to optimal coordinated management is optimal uncoordinated management, which can be identified at the game theoretic Nash equilibrium. Using this insight we can calculate coordination's effects in relation to uncoordinated management and other reference scenarios. To illustrate how this framework can help identify ecosystem and socio-economic conditions under which coordination is most influential and valuable, we applied it to a heuristic case study and a simulation model for the California Current Marine Ecosystem. Results indicate that coordinated management can more than double an ecosystem's societal value, especially when sectors can effectively manipulate resources that interact strongly. However, societal gains from coordination will need to be reconciled with observations that it also leads to strategic simplification of the ecological food web, and generates both positive and negative impacts on individual sectors and non-target species.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10562193,cross-disciplinary-perspective,ecology,ecosystem-services,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,integration-techniques,multi-objective-planning,uncertainty},
  number = {6}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{hulmeCoordinateEffortsEU2016,
  title = {Coordinate Efforts on {{EU}} Invasive Species},
  author = {Hulme, P. E.},
  date = {2016-09},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  volume = {353},
  pages = {998},
  issn = {0036-8075},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aah6700},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aah6700},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] An ambitious move by the European Union to eradicate, or at least contain, 37 invasive alien species across the region may fail if Member States do not coordinate their efforts. Despite calls for the establishment of a coordinating authority and the recognition of the cost-effectiveness of such a body, the European Parliament had little appetite to fund another centralized regulatory body. It thus elected to establish only a legal framework without a dedicated body or resources to oversee its implementation. As a result, Member States will have to proceed alone or make ad hoc arrangements with their neighbors when implementing the new regulations. Given that many of the invasive alien species occur in more than one Member State and can easily spread across national borders [...], eradication and management plans must be coordinated at a regional scale to ensure that no Member State undermines its neighbors by failing to effectively manage species in its own territory. [...] Coordination will also be needed with neighboring countries outside of the European Union because they also host many of the invasive alien species listed as being of EU concern. [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14128926,cooperation,ecology,ecosystem,environment-society-economy,european-union,invasive-species,monitoring},
  number = {6303}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{richardsonEcologyBiogeographyPinus1998a,
  title = {Ecology and Biogeography of {{Pinus}}: An Introduction},
  booktitle = {Ecology and {{Biogeography}} of {{Pinus}}},
  author = {Richardson, D. M. and Rundel, P. W.},
  editor = {Richardson, David M.},
  date = {1998},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  url = {http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/life-sciences/ecology-and-conservation/ecology-and-biogeography-pinus},
  abstract = {Pinus is a remarkable genus of trees with a very large distribution range in the northern hemisphere. Where they occur, pines usually form the dominant vegetation cover and are extremely important components of ecosystems. They also provide a wide range of products for human use. In many cases exploitation and other human pressures are threatening the survival of natural pine forests, although pines are also widely grown in commercial plantations, both within and outside their natural range. This book presents a definitive review of pine ecology and biogeography written by forty of the world's leading authorities on this important genus. In the face of increasing human pressure and global climate change, it provides an essential source of reference for all those concerned with the management of natural and planted pine forests.},
  isbn = {978-0-521-78910-3},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13504288,ecology,pinus-spp,species-distribution}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sutherlandHorizonScanGlobal2016,
  title = {A Horizon Scan of Global Conservation Issues for 2016},
  author = {Sutherland, William J. and Broad, Steven and Caine, Jacqueline and Clout, Mick and Dicks, Lynn V. and Doran, Helen and Entwistle, Abigail C. and Fleishman, Erica and Gibbons, David W. and Keim, Brandon and LeAnstey, Becky and Lickorish, Fiona A. and Markillie, Paul and Monk, Kathryn A. and Mortimer, Diana and Ockendon, Nancy and Pearce-Higgins, James W. and Peck, Lloyd S. and Pretty, Jules and Rockström, Johan and Spalding, Mark D. and Tonneijck, Femke H. and Wintle, Bonnie C. and Wright, Katherine E.},
  date = {2016-01},
  journaltitle = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {44--53},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2015.11.007},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2015.11.007},
  abstract = {This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify issues that could have substantial effects on global biological diversity in the future, but are not currently widely well known or understood within the conservation community. Fifteen issues were identified by a team that included researchers, practitioners, professional horizon scanners, and journalists. The topics include use of managed bees as transporters of biological control agents, artificial superintelligence, electric pulse trawling, testosterone in the aquatic environment, building artificial oceanic islands, and the incorporation of ecological civilization principles into government policies in China.

[Trends]

This is the seventh annual horizon scan.

[\textbackslash n] A team of 24 horizon scanners, researchers, practitioners, and journalists identified 15 issues following widespread consultation and a Delphi-like process to select the most suitable.

[\textbackslash n] The issues were wide ranging but included artificial superintelligence, changing costs of energy storage and consumptive models, and ecological civilization policies in China.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14127666,~to-add-doi-URL,anthropic-feedback,anthropocene,anthropogenic-changes,anthropogenic-impacts,artificial-intelligence,conservation,ecology,energy,fish-resources,genetic-diversity,glaciers,global-scale,horizon-scan,invasive-species,mitigation,monitoring,nanoparticles,osmotic-power,plant-pests,pollution,review,risk-assessment,satellites,system-catastrophe,tipping-point,web-and-information-technologies},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{parkerTransparencyEcologyEvolution2016,
  title = {Transparency in Ecology and Evolution: Real Problems, Real Solutions},
  author = {Parker, Timothy H. and Forstmeier, Wolfgang and Koricheva, Julia and Fidler, Fiona and Hadfield, Jarrod D. and Chee, Yung E. and Kelly, Clint D. and Gurevitch, Jessica and Nakagawa, Shinichi},
  date = {2016-09},
  journaltitle = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {711--719},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.002},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14127512},
  abstract = {To make progress scientists need to know what other researchers have found and how they found it. However, transparency is often insufficient across much of ecology and evolution. Researchers often fail to report results and methods in detail sufficient to permit interpretation and meta-analysis, and many results go entirely unreported. Further, these unreported results are often a biased subset. Thus the conclusions we can draw from the published literature are themselves often biased and sometimes might be entirely incorrect. Fortunately there is a movement across empirical disciplines, and now within ecology and evolution, to shape editorial policies to better promote transparency. This can be done by either requiring more disclosure by scientists or by developing incentives to encourage disclosure.

[::Trends]

Evidence suggests that insufficient transparency is a problem across much of ecology and evolution. Results and methods are often reported in insufficient detail or go entirely unreported. Further, these unreported results are often a biased subset, thus substantially hampering interpretation and meta-analysis.

[\textbackslash n] Journals and other institutions, such as funding agencies, influence researchers' decisions about disseminating results. There is a movement across empirical disciplines, including ecology and evolution, to shape institutional policies to better promote transparency.

[\textbackslash n] Institutions can promote transparency by requiring or encouraging more disclosure, as with the now-familiar data archiving, or by developing an incentive structure promoting disclosure, such as preregistration of studies and analysis plans.

[Excerpt: Some solutions to improve transparency] 

[...] In November 2015, representatives (mostly editors-in-chief) from nearly 30 journals in ecology and evolution joined funding-agency panelists and other researchers to identify ways to improve transparency in these disciplines. At this workshop, strong support emerged for the recently introduced Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) framework (https://cos.io/top/). [...]

[\textbackslash n] [...] The TOP guideline titled 'analysis and design transparency' calls for discipline-specific guidance regarding what information should be disclosed in publications, and, to that end, the workshop produced a document 'Tools for Transparency in Ecology and Evolution' (TTEE; https://osf.io/g65cb/) that provides checklist questions that journals can provide to authors, reviewers, and editors to facilitate transparent reporting. Promoting more-thorough and consistent reporting of results and methods through TOP and TTEE should dramatically improve transparency, but here we also highlight two other TOP components that could have transformative impacts on our field.

[::Preregistration], in which researchers register their study and data analysis plan before collecting data, can greatly improve transparency. Although requiring preregistration (as in clinical trial research) might thwart publication of valuable exploratory and serendipitous findings, encouraging preregistration where appropriate has large potential benefits. Most obviously, it makes unpublished results more discoverable, thus helping to reduce publication bias. Potentially more important, however, preregistration of analysis plans ensures that we can identify genuine a priori planned tests, helping to improve confidence in results because they are unlikely to derive from hidden multiple hypothesis testing and selective reporting. As preregistration becomes more common, results that do not come from preregistered analysis plans become viewed as exploratory, and thus provisional and less convincing than preregistered results, providing a strong incentive to preregister studies. We acknowledge that exploratory work is hugely important in ecology and evolutionary biology and we do not wish to impede it, but it should be more consistently identifiable and it should be followed-up with planned, ideally preregistered, tests. A common concern is that preregistration ignores the inevitable tweaking of methods that occurs as field projects evolve. However, alterations to methods or analysis plans can be justified in the published study [...]. Reviewers and editors can decide if the reported methods and analyses adhered closely enough to the preregistration to earn a preregistration badge (https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki/home/). Further, preregistered analyses and exploratory results can be published in the same paper when the distinction between them is made clear. [...]

[::The final TOP guideline promotes replications of previously published studies]. Replication to assess validity and generality of prior results is a core practice of science. Exact replication is not possible, especially in field studies, but various forms of replication, especially when combined with meta-analysis, are powerful tools for establishing the applicability of hypotheses [37. Unfortunately, institutional incentive structures often work strongly against replication in ecology and evolution, especially replications that seek to closely match methods as part of the process of assessing validity [37. Journals and funding bodies explicitly favor novelty. Of course progress requires novelty, but progress also requires rigorous evaluation of prior findings. Not all studies are of high priority for replication. The more interesting or important a finding, however, the more important it is to replicate that study. 

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14127512,~to-add-doi-URL,ecology,epistemology,open-data,open-science,reproducibility,reproducible-research,research-management,rewarding-best-research-practices,science-ethics,transparency},
  number = {9}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{zavalaConstraintsTradeoffsMediterranean2000,
  title = {Constraints and Trade-Offs in {{Mediterranean}} Plant Communities: {{The}} Case of Holm Oak-{{Aleppo}} Pine Forests},
  author = {Zavala, M. A. and Espelta, J. M. and Retana, Javier},
  date = {2000},
  journaltitle = {The Botanical Review},
  volume = {66},
  pages = {119--149},
  issn = {1874-9372},
  doi = {10.1007/bf02857785},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02857785},
  abstract = {In this paper we review those aspects that are relevant to the development of a mechanistic ecological theory to account for the structure and dynamics of Mediterranean forests, focusing our attention on mixed forests of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), a shade-tolerant, slowgrowing species that resprouts vigorously after disturbance, and Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis M.), a fast-growing, nonresprouting, shade-intolerant species. The main objectives of this report are: to introduce some of the primary features of these forests, showing their structural complexity and historical peculiarities; to show that much of this complexity can be conceptually reduced to two main factors of variation, soil-moisture gradients and a complex interaction of historical management and disturbance regimes; and to contrast the unique features of Mediterranean systems with other communities that have inspired generalization in ecology. Plants in Mediterranean-climate regions must face several environmental constraints during their life cycle: water limitation, competition for light, and a complex set of disturbance regimes, mainly fire, herbivory, and human exploitation. The response of co-occurring species to a given set of environmental constraints depends on a combination of physiological and morphological traits. In holm oak-Aleppo pine forests, the lower limit of distribution along a soil-moisture gradient appears to be controlled by dry-season water stress on seedling performance, and the upper limit seems to be controlled by shade tolerance relative to competitors. The processes that generate and maintain these patterns are related to the responses of the two species to the water and light environments that result from interacting gradients of disturbance and resource availability. The dynamics of mixed holm oak-Aleppo pine forests may be represented along two major environmental axes: water availability and light intensity; namely, time since last disturbance. At the regional scale, the presence of holm oak and Aleppo pine is expected to be driven mainly by the precipitation regime, with the proportion of Aleppo pine increasing toward the driest border and with holm oak being the dominant species in areas with higher precipitation. Changes of dominance of holm oak and Aleppo pine also respond to water availability at the local scale. In this case, variations between species depend on different factors in a complex way, because reduced soil-moisture levels may result either from low precipitation or from topography and edaphic features. The dynamics of holm oak-Aleppo pine forests are also determined by temporal changes in canopy closure; that is, forest recovery after disturbance. In this case, the proportion of Aleppo pine would increase in recently disturbed stands (i.e., with high light intensity reaching the forest floor), whereas regeneration of holm oak would be dominant under partially closed canopies. Theories of forest dynamics developed in humid regions may apply only poorly to Mediterranean plant communities, where vegetation change is qualitatively or quantitatively different. Thus, succession in temperate forests appears to be driven by differences in light availability and shade tolerance; but in Mediterranean plant communities, water limitation is of greater importance for the distribution of forest species. In Mediterranean landscapes the interaction of life-history strategies with changing environments is difficult to infer from observational and experimental studies. A mechanistic approach, in which competition or plant performance is measured as a function of resource availability, seems more feasible. The idea should be to develop multispecies models calibrated specifically for Mediterranean forests in a combined program of modeling, field research, and experimentation.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13324555,drought-tolerance,ecology,limiting-factor,mediterranean-region,pinus-halepensis,plant-communities,plant-species-competition,precipitation,quercus-ilex,shade-tolerance,temperate-forests},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{kneesAbiesNordmannianaVersion2011,
  title = {Abies Nordmanniana - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Knees, S. and Gardner, M.},
  date = {2011},
  pages = {42293/0+},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13496236___to-archive},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] As this species forms extensive forests which are largely intact and has a widespread distribution throughout the Black Sea Region of northwestern Turkey, eastwards to the western Caucasus, it has been assessed as being of Least Concern.

[::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Caucasian Fir, Kazazdagi Fir, Nordmann Fir

[::Taxonomic Notes] On the IUCN Red List the~Abies~populations in northwestern Turkey are all treated as either~Abies nordmanniana~ssp.~nordmanniana~or~A. nordmanniana~ssp.~equitrojani. This second taxon is restricted to two areas -~Kaz-Daghi (Mt. Ida) and Ulu-Dagh (Mt. Olympus). All other populations in northwest Turkey are treated as the typical subspecies.~Abies bornmuelleriana~Mattf. is included within~A. nordmanniana~ssp.~nordmanniana~instead of being a distinct species from the mountains along the Black Sea in northwestern Turkey. Most authorities in Turkey accept~A. bormuelleriana~and~A. equi-trojani~as distinct species with~Abies nordmanniana~restricted to eastern parts of Turkey and adjoining areas of the Caucasus (Cicek~et al. 2005,~Kaya~et al.~2008).

[::Range Description] The distribution is mainly confined to the mountains adjacent to southern and eastern Black Sea area. There is a concentration of\textasciitilde{} forests (A. nordmanniana ssp. nordmanniana) in west Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Russia) and northeast Anatolia (Turkey) and another concentration in northwest Anatolia (Turkey). In the extreme northwest of Anatolia lies two disjunct areas (Balikesir; Kaz-Daghi (Mt. Ida .), Bursa; Ulu-Dagh (Mt. Olympus of Bithynia)) where A. nordmanniana ssp. equi-trojani occurs. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy are not known for A. nordmanniana but the extent of the distribution of this species clearly exceeds any criteria for threatened.

[::Countries] Native:Armenia (Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh); Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan); Georgia (Abkhaziya, Adzhariya); Russian Federation (Krasnodar); Turkey

[::Population]  It occurs in three subpopulations. 1. West Caucasus and northeast Anatolia (Turkey); 2. Turkey - Northwest Anatolia, from Ulu Dag (Olympus) in the west to Kizil Irmak river valley in the east (sometimes referred to as A. bornmuelleriana); 3. Turkey - Kazdagi Mountains in west Anatolia (A. nordmanniana ssp. equi-trojani) (Browicz 1982)

[::Habitat and Ecology]  High montane zones of mountains on deep fertile soils derived from igneous and granite rocks. It forms both pure stands and mixed with Picea orientalis, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra. In the Caucasus it occurs between 1,200-2,200 asl but on damper northern slopes it can grow between 600-800 m asl and in Turkey its altitudinal range is between 200-1,900 m (Browicz 1982).

[::Use and Trade]  An important timber tree in the Caucasus and Turkey where it is highly valued for its straight grain and easily workable wood for building materials, especially veneer (Farjon 2010). It is used as a commercial plantation tree in many European countries where it is often grown for the Christmas Tree market.

[::Major Threat(s)]  Even though the wood is highly prized, logging has not had a significant detrimental impact on the population. However, the habitat of\textasciitilde{} A. nordmanniana ssp. equi-trojani is in decline due to a number of negative effects including acid rain, fire, local timber extraction and habitat degradation associated with large visitor numbers in Kazdagi National Park (Satil 2009).},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496236,abies-nordmanniana,conservation,ecology,monography}
}

@book{goldsteinAlberiEuropa1995,
  title = {Alberi d'{{Europa}}},
  author = {Goldstein, Marcello and Simonetti, Gualtiero and Watschinger, Marta},
  date = {1995},
  publisher = {{A. Mondadori}},
  isbn = {88-04-39555-9},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13294601,botany,ecology}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{daleChallengesDevelopmentUse2001,
  title = {Challenges in the Development and Use of Ecological Indicators},
  author = {Dale, Virginia H. and Beyeler, Suzanne C.},
  date = {2001-08},
  journaltitle = {Ecological Indicators},
  volume = {1},
  pages = {3--10},
  issn = {1470-160X},
  doi = {10.1016/s1470-160x(01)00003-6},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-160X(01)00003-6},
  abstract = {Ecological indicators can be used to assess the condition of the environment, to provide an early warning signal of changes in the environment, or to diagnose the cause of an environmental problem. Ideally the suite of indicators should represent key information about structure, function, and composition of the ecological system. Three concerns hamper the use of ecological indicators as a resource management tool. (1) Monitoring programs often depend on a small number of indicators and fail to consider the full complexity of the ecological system. (2) Choice of ecological indicators is confounded in management programs that have vague long-term goals and objectives. (3) Management and monitoring programs often lack scientific rigor because of their failure to use a defined protocol for identifying ecological indicators. Thus, ecological indicators need to capture the complexities of the ecosystem yet remain simple enough to be easily and routinely monitored. Ecological indicators should meet the following criteria: be easily measured, be sensitive to stresses on the system, respond to stress in a predictable manner, be anticipatory, predict changes that can be averted by management actions, be integrative, have a known response to disturbances, anthropogenic stresses, and changes over time, and have low variability in response. The challenge is to derive a manageable set of indicators that together meet these criteria.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11861036,communicating-uncertainty,complexity,ecology,indicators,multi-criteria-decision-analysis,scientific-communication},
  number = {1}
}