Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{savulescu_why_2020,
	title = {Why lockdown of the elderly is not ageist and why levelling down equality is wrong},
	url = {http://jme.bmj.com/content/early/2020/06/18/medethics-2020-106336.abstract},
	doi = {10.1136/medethics-2020-106336},
	abstract = {In order to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19, governments have placed significant restrictions on liberty, including preventing all non-essential travel. These restrictions were justified on the basis the health system may be overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases and in order to prevent deaths. Governments are now considering how they may de-escalate these restrictions. This article argues that an appropriate approach may be to lift the general lockdown but implement selective isolation of the elderly. While this discriminates against the elderly, there is a morally relevant difference—the elderly are far more likely to require hospitalisation and die than the rest of the population. If the aim is to ensure the health system is not overwhelmed and to reduce the death rate, preventing the elderly from contracting the virus may be an effective means of achieving this. The alternative is to continue to keep everyone in lockdown. It is argued that this is levelling down equality and is unethical. It suggests that in order for the elderly to avoid contracting the virus, the whole population should have their liberty deprived, even though the same result could be achieved by only restricting the liberty of the elderly. Similar arguments may also be applied to all groups at increased risk of COVID-19, such as men and those with comorbidities, the obese and people from ethnic minorities or socially deprived groups. This utilitarian concern must be balanced against other considerations, such as equality and justice, and the benefits gained from discriminating in these ways must be proportionately greater than the negative consequences of doing so. Such selective discrimination will be most justified when the liberty restriction to a group promotes the well-being of that group (apart from its wider social benefits).},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Ethics},
	author = {Savulescu, Julian and Cameron, James},
	month = jun,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {Articles, COVID-19, Europe, Risk - justification \& proportionality, Social determinants \& inequalities, Social-distancing \& isolation},
	pages = {medethics--2020--106336},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{costa_impact_2019,
	title = {The impact of intimate partner violence on forgone healthcare: a population-based, multicentre {European} study},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {1464-360X},
	url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30169658},
	doi = {10.1093/eurpub/cky167},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: To examine the relationship between forgone healthcare and involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV) as victims, perpetrators or both. METHODS: This cross-sectional multicentre study assessed community non-institutionalized residents (n = 3496, aged 18-64) randomly selected from six European cities: Athens, Budapest, London, Östersund, Porto, Stuttgart. A common questionnaire was used, including self-reports of IPV and forgone healthcare ('Have you been in need of a certain care service in the past year, but did not seek any help?'). Odds ratios (ORs), 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed fitting logistic regression models adjusted for city, chronic disease, self-assessed health status and financial strain. RESULTS: Participants experiencing past year IPV (vs. no violence) reported more often to forgone healthcare (n = 3279, 18.6\% vs. 15.3\%, P = 0.016). IPV experienced as both a victim and perpetrator was associated with forgone healthcare (adjusted OR, 95\%CI: 1.32, 1.02-1.70). CONCLUSION: IPV was associated with forgone healthcare, particularly for those experiencing violence as both victims and perpetrators. Results suggest that preventing IPV among adults may improve timely healthcare uptake.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {European journal of public health},
	author = {Costa, Diogo and Hatzidimitriadou, Eleni and Ioannidi-Kapolo, Elli and Lindert, Jutta and Soares, Joaquim and Sundin, Örjan and Toth, Olga and Barros, Henrique},
	month = apr,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Female, Health Status, Humans, Intimate Partner Violence/*statistics \& numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics \& numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Spouse Abuse/statistics \& numerical data, Young Adult},
	pages = {359--364},
}

@article{harkonenClimatesensitiveForestModel2019,
  title = {A Climate-Sensitive Forest Model for Assessing Impacts of Forest Management in {{Europe}}},
  author = {H{\"a}rk{\"o}nen, S. and Neumann, M. and Mues, V. and Berninger, F. and Bronisz, K. and Cardellini, G. and Chirici, G. and Hasenauer, H. and Koehl, M. and Lang, M. and Merganicova, K. and Mohren, F. and Moiseyev, A. and Moreno, A. and Mura, M. and Muys, B. and Olschofsky, K. and Del Perugia, B. and R{\o}rstad, P. K. and Solberg, B. and {Thivolle-Cazat}, A. and Trotsiuk, V. and M{\"a}kel{\"a}, A.},
  year = {2019},
  month = may,
  volume = {115},
  pages = {128--143},
  issn = {1364-8152},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.02.009},
  abstract = {FORMIT-M is a widely applicable, open-access, simple and flexible, climate-sensitive forest management simulator requiring only standard forest inventory data as input. It combines a process-based carbon balance approach with a strong inventory-based empirical component. The model has been linked to the global forest sector model EFI-GTM to secure consistency between timber cutting and demand, although prescribed harvest scenarios can also be used. Here we introduce the structure of the model and demonstrate its use with example simulations until the end of the 21st century in Europe, comparing different management scenarios in different regions under climate change. The model was consistent with country-level statistics of growing stock volumes (R2 = 0.938) and its projections of climate impact on growth agreed with other studies. The management changes had a greater impact on growing stocks, harvest potential and carbon balance than projected climate change, at least in the absence of increased disturbance rates.},
  journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software},
  keywords = {~INRMM-MiD:z-D9CYM26W,bioeconomy,bioenergy,climate-change,disturbances,environmental-modelling,europe,forest-dynamics,forest-resources,formit,precipitation,rcp26,rcp45,rcp85,scenario-analysis,sustainability,temperature,timber-harvesting,vapour-pressure},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:z-D9CYM26W}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{rijken_managing_2018,
	series = {Integrated care for people living with multimorbidity},
	title = {Managing multimorbidity: {Profiles} of integrated care approaches targeting people with multiple chronic conditions in {Europe}},
	volume = {122},
	issn = {0168-8510},
	shorttitle = {Managing multimorbidity},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851017302919},
	doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.10.002},
	abstract = {In response to the growing populations of people with multiple chronic diseases, new models of care are currently being developed in European countries to better meet the needs of these people. This paper aims to describe the occurrence and characteristics of various types of integrated care practices in European countries that target people with multimorbidity. Data were analysed from multimorbidity care practices participating in the Innovating care for people with multiple chronic conditions (ICARE4EU) project, covering all 28EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. A total of 112 practices in 24 countries were included: 65 focus on patients with any combination of chronic diseases, 30 on patients with a specific chronic disease with all kinds of comorbidities and 17 on patients with a combination of specific chronic diseases. Practices that focus on a specific index disease or a combination of specific diseases are less extensive regarding the type, breadth and degree of integration than practices that focus on any combination of diseases. The latter type is more often seen in countries where more disciplines, e.g. community nurses, physiotherapists, social workers, work in the same primary care practice as the general practitioners. Non-disease specific practices put more emphasis on patient involvement and provide more comprehensive care, which are important preconditions for person-centered multimorbidity care.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2019-12-12},
	journal = {Health Policy},
	author = {Rijken, Mieke and Hujala, Anneli and van Ginneken, Ewout and Melchiorre, Maria Gabriella and Groenewegen, Peter and Schellevis, Franζois},
	month = jan,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {Chronic disease, Europe, Integrated care, Multimorbidity},
	pages = {44--52},
}

@book{san-miguel-ayanzForestFiresEurope2018a,
  title = {Forest Fires in {{Europe}}, {{Middle East}} and {{North Africa}} 2017},
  author = {{San-Miguel-Ayanz}, Jes{\'u}s and Houston Durrant, Tracy and Boca, Roberto and Libert{\`a}, Giorgio and Branco, Alfredo and {de Rigo}, Daniele and Ferrari, Davide and Maianti, Pieralberto and Art{\'e}s Vivancos, Tom{\`a}s and Costa, Hugo and Lana, Fabio and L{\"o}ffler, Peter and Nuijten, Daniel and Ahlgren, Anders C. and Leray, Tha{\"i}s and Benchikha, Abdelhafid and Abbas, Mohamed and Humer, Franz and Baetens, Jan and Konstantinov, Vladimir and Pe{\v s}ut, Ivana and Petkovi{\v c}ek, Sini{\v s}a and Papageorgiou, Kostas and Toumasis, Ioannis and Pecl, Jan and Valgepea, Mati and K{\~o}iv, Kadi and Ruuska, Rami and Timovska, Maja and Michaut, Philippe and Joannelle, Philippe and Lachmann, Michaela and Theodoridou, Christina and Debreceni, Peter and Nagy, D{\'a}niel and Nugent, Ciaran and Zaken, Avi B. and {di Fonzo}, Marco and Sciunnach, Renato and Leisavnieks, Edijs and Jaun{\c k}i{\c k}is, Zigmunds and Mitri, George and Rep{\v s}ien{\.e}, Svetlana and Assali, Fouad and Mharzi Alaoui, Hicham and Botnen, Dag and Piwnicki, Joseph and Szczygie{\l}, Ryszard and Almeida, Rui and Pereira, Tania and Cruz, Miguel and Sbirnea, Radu and Mara, Septimius and Eritsov, Andrey and Longauerov{\'a}, Val{\'e}ria and Jak{\v s}a, Jo{\v s}t and Enriquez, Elsa and Lopez, Antonio and Sandahl, Leif and Reinhard, Michael and Conedera, Marco and Pezzatti, Boris and Dursun, Kamil T. and Baltaci, Ugur and Moffat, Andy},
  editor = {{San-Miguel-Ayanz}, Jes{\'u}s and Houston Durrant, Tracy and Boca, Roberto and Libert{\`a}, Giorgio and Branco, Alfredo and {de Rigo}, Daniele and Ferrari, Davide and Maianti, Pieralberto and Art{\'e}s Vivancos, Tom{\`a}s and Costa, Hugo and Lana, Fabio and L{\"o}ffler, Peter and Nuijten, Daniel and Ahlgren, Anders C. and Leray, Tha{\"i}s},
  year = {2018},
  publisher = {{Publications Office of the European Union}},
  address = {{Luxembourg}},
  issn = {1831-9424},
  doi = {10.2760/663443},
  abstract = {[Excerpt: Executive summary] This is the 18th issue of the EFFIS annual report on forest fires for the year 2017. This report is consolidated as highly appreciated documentation of the previous year's forest fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa. In its different sections, the report includes information on the evolution of fire danger in the European and Mediterranean regions, the damage caused by fires and detailed description of the fire conditions during the 2017 fire campaign in the majority of countries in the EFFIS network. The chapter on national reporting gives an overview of the efforts undertaken at national and regional levels, and provides inspiration for countries exposed to forest fire risk.

[\textbackslash n] The preparation and publication of the report aims also at improving cooperation with the members of the Expert Group on Forest Fires (EGFF) especially with regard to fire prevention actions. Our common aim is to maintain and protect our landscapes and natural heritage, to avoid loss of human lives and to minimise the damage caused to property by uncontrolled forest fires.

[\textbackslash n] The aim of the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) is to provide harmonised information on forest fires and assessment of their effects in the pan-European region. For this purpose, collaboration with EU Member States and neighbouring countries has been on-going since 1998. EFFIS started as a pilot project of collaboration between the European Countries and the European Commission in the area of fire information and fire prevention. 

[\textbackslash n] On the Commission side, EFFIS was initiated by the Joint Research Centre in collaboration with the DG Environment. Due to the high support from the Expert Group on Forest Fires, which constitutes the network of experts from the countries contributing to EFFIS, the system was developed to an operational level supporting national and European policies and providing the information basis for the discussion of issues related to forest fires in the European Parliament . Currently, EFFIS provides operational support to DG ECHO in the area of civil protection, DG GROW in the implementation of the Copernicus Regulation [3] as well as to DG REGIO regarding the implementation of the EU Solidarity Fund Regulation [4] for critical fires. In 2015, EFFIS was adopted as one of the components of the EU Copernicus Program, which provides a legal and financial basis for its operation under this framework.

[\textbackslash n] EFFIS provides an ideal platform for countries to exchange good practices on fire prevention, firefighting, restoration practices and other activities related to fire management, and for the European Commission to update the forest fire services in the countries on relevant initiatives at the European level.

[\textbackslash n] Since its first operation in the year 2000, the number of countries contributing to the information on forest fires in EFFIS and receiving data from it has increased steadily. 

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[Foreward] At the time of preparing this 2017 report, wildfires have shown again in 2018 that they can be very deadly, even when countries are aware of the fire danger conditions and prepared for firefighting, such as the dramatic fires in Greece this July. Simultaneously, we are observing how extreme weather conditions can affect all the territories of the European Union, not only the Mediterranean region. In 2018, wildfires have heavily affected Sweden, UK, Ireland, Finland, and Latvia; countries in which wildfires have not been a concern in past years. This shows the importance and the urgency to seriously invest in the prevention of forest fires. 

[\textbackslash n] This report presents the dramatic effects of wildfires in the year 2017. Despite the efforts by national and regional wildfire administrations and the support of the European Commission to prevent and fight wildfires in the European Union (EU), in 2017 wildfires burnt over 1.2 million ha of natural lands in the EU and killed 127 people among fire fighters and civilians. Over 25\,\% of the total burnt area was in the Natura2000 network, destroying much of the efforts of the EU countries in preserving key biodiversity and natural habitats for future generations. The European Forest Fire Information System estimated losses of around 10 billion euros caused by these fires. 

[\textbackslash n] I would like to stress again that the extreme conditions by themselves are not the cause of wildfires. In the vast majority of the cases, it is human intervention that ignites fires, which, under extreme weather conditions spread uncontrollably, causing enormous destruction and significant losses of human lives and assets. Fire prevention is thus key in tackling wildfires. More efforts should be channelled to increasing population and decision makers' awareness on the risk of wildfires. Member States and the EU Institutions must work hand in hand in providing guidelines on how to act in case of wildfires and how to increase our resilience, building on individual national experiences and capacities and sharing best practices. 

[\textbackslash n] Furthermore, unsustainable forest management practices, degradation of ecosystems and their services, as well as the continuity of fuels of very flammable forest tree species facilitate fire ignition and favours fire propagation. Awareness raising and training of local communities, policy makers and stakeholders should be combined with investing in sustainable land-use practices that ensure the multifunctional role of forests beyond their economic function. Forest ecosystem services such as the regulation of the water cycle, soil protection, habitats provision for biodiversity, air cleaning, are under pressure due to climate change and intensified management and more investments are needed in ensuring forest resilience and supporting the ecosystem services that forests provide to the economy and the wider society. 

[\textbackslash n] The EU is actively supporting wildfire prevention and fighting, the restoration of burnt lands, as well as education and awareness raising measures through its Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and Rural Development Fund (EAFRD). The European Commission is working with its Expert Group on Forest Fires (EGFF), made of 41 national wildfire administrations from the EU and the Mediterranean neighbouring countries, in developing guidelines for better wildfire prevention and common basic criteria to assess wildfire risk at the pan-European level. These basic criteria will be ready by the end of 2018 and will help in assessing wildfire risk and developing better prevention and preparedness measures to tackle wildfires in the pan-European area. The EGFF is also working on a guidance, due in 2019, on forest fire prevention to support Member States in their prevention processes.

[\textbackslash n] These activities are conducted with the support of the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), which constitutes the backbone of wildfire information, provides near-real time information on wildfires and support to firefighting operations coordinated by the Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC). Moreover, with the recent RescEU proposal the Commission aims at strengthening the European civil protection focusing on two complementary strands of action: creating a stronger collective response at the European level, and improved prevention and preparedness capacities. 

[\textbackslash n] The Commission intends to keep on working together with the national administrations to be better prepared for wildfire conditions that may worsen in the future by the effects of climate change. Wildfires can be a real concern to any of the EU countries, as shown by the ongoing 2018 wildfire season. It is thus essential that coordinated actions are taken at European level to increase the resilience of our forest, to learn from each other through the exchange of good practices and to increase preparedness for firefighting operations. We need to show the EU solidarity in action and through effective EU initiatives strengthen the EU capacity to defend the lives of our citizens and protect our natural capital for future generations. 

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  isbn = {978-92-79-92831-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14655948,~to-add-doi-URL,disturbances,effis,europe,european-commission,featured-publication,forest-fires,forest-resources,middle-east,multiauthor,north-africa,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14655948}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{souto-iglesias_probabilistic_2018,
	title = {A probabilistic approach to student workload: empirical distributions and {ECTS}},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0018-1560, 1573-174X},
	shorttitle = {A probabilistic approach to student workload},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10734-018-0244-3},
	doi = {10.1007/s10734-018-0244-3},
	abstract = {The ECTS, European Credit Transfer System, is now widely used throughout higher education institutions as it facilitates student mobility within Europe and the comparison of study programs and courses. Most European institutions provide students with the number of ECTS each course and module is worth. A full-time student needs to complete 60 ECTS per academic year, which represents about 1500 to 1800 h of study. However, there is a lack of research showing that ECTS metrics have been properly implemented in different degrees and universities. The aim of this paper is to assess the relevance of the ECTS metric as a valid indicator of students’ and courses’ workloads. Detailed workload measurements have been taken in two Spanish universities, with 250,000 work hours monitored from 1400 students. This is the first study published with such a large dataset that includes a range of simultaneous courses and throughout a whole semester. Empirical distribution functions of workload indicators have been obtained. Evidence is provided indicating that nominal ECTS credit hours may be overestimated, that the variability of student workload could be too large for ECTS to sensibly characterize course workload, and that workload statistics of courses with same nominal ECTS are generally not comparable. Although the ECTS metric conception seems to be a valid metric to facilitate mobility between different institutions and higher education systems, in practice, according to this study, it requires revision, at least in the two institutions that have been included in this study. Further studies like the present one are required to test if this is a broader problem that has implications for the comparability of degrees across Europe.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2019-12-23},
	journal = {Higher Education},
	author = {Souto-Iglesias, Antonio and Baeza\_Romero, María Teresa},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {ECTS, Europe, Student workload, higher education},
	pages = {1007--1025},
}

@book{michelForestConditionEurope2017,
  title = {Forest Condition in {{Europe}}: 2017 Technical Report of {{ICP Forests}} - {{Report}} under the {{UNECE Convention}} on {{Long}}-Range {{Transboundary Air Pollution}} ({{CLRTAP}})},
  editor = {Michel, Alexa and Seidling, Walter},
  year = {2017},
  volume = {24/2017},
  publisher = {{BFW Austrian Research Centre for Forests}},
  address = {{Vienna, Austria}},
  issn = {1811-3044},
  doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17808.30720},
  abstract = {[Summary] The International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) is one of the most diverse programmes within the Working Group on Effects (WGE) under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). To provide a regular overview of the programme's activities, the ICP Forests Programme Co-ordinating Centre (PCC) yearly publishes an ICP Forests Technical Report which summarises research highlights and provides an opportunity for all participating countries to report on their national ICP Forests activities. The PCC also invites all ICP Forests Expert Panels, Working Groups, and Committees to publish a comprehensive chapter on their most recent results from regular data evaluations.

[\textbackslash n] This 2017 Technical Report presents results from up to 32 of the 42 countries participating in ICP Forests. Part A presents research highlights from the 2016/17 reporting period, including:

[::] a review of this year's 32 scientific publications for which ICP Forests data and/or the ICP Forests infrastructure were used;

[::] a summary of the 5th ICP Forests Scientific Conference in Luxembourg in May 2016;

[::] a list of all 49 ICP Forests research projects ongoing for at least one month between June 2016 and May 2017.

[\textbackslash n] Part B focuses on regular evaluations from within the programme. This year the Technical Report includes chapters on:

[::] the spatial variation of atmospheric throughfall deposition in forests in Europe in 2015;

[::] trends in foliar nitrogen and phosphorus foliar concentrations and element ratios since 2000;

[::] tree crown condition in 2016 including trend analyses;

[::] selected meteorological stress indices for 2013-2015.

[\textbackslash n] Part C includes national reports on ICP Forests activities from the participating countries.

[\textbackslash n] For contact information of all authors and persons responsible in this programme, please refer to the annex at the end of this report. For more information on the ICP Forests programme, please visit the ICP Forests website.

[::Summary of the presented results from regular evaluations in ICP Forests (Part B)]

[\textbackslash n] Monitoring the atmospheric deposition to forests is a prerequisite for understanding forest ecosystem processes and an important contribution for evaluating the spatio-temporal trends of air pollution. In this report the annual throughfall deposition of eutrophying, acidifying and buffering components on ICP Forests Level II plots in 2015 is presented. It must be noted, however, that the total deposition to forests is typically higher by a factor of 1 to 2 than the throughfall deposition measured under the forest canopy.

[\textbackslash n] The nitrogen (N) compounds nitrate (NO3 -) and ammonium (NH4 +) are the main drivers of eutrophication and also contribute to acidification. High throughfall deposition rates to forests (throughfall deposition {$>$} 8 kg N ha-1 yr-1) were measured at several plots in central Europe (Belgium, Germany) but also in the Czech Republic, Denmark and southern Sweden. Low throughfall deposition rates were reported primarily for northern Europe.

[\textbackslash n] Sulfate (SO4 2-) has been the most important driver of soil acidification. High throughfall deposition of SO4 2- ({$>$} 8 kg SO4 2--S ha-1 yr-1) was still found in central and southern Europe (Belgium, Germany, Czech Republic, Italy, and Greece).

[\textbackslash n] Calcium (Ca2+) throughfall deposition was high across southern Europe, likely related to contributions from Saharan Dust. The spatial pattern of magnesium (Mg2+) deposition is mainly dominated by marine sources. Both Ca2+and Mg2+ are macronutrients and act as buffers against acidification.

[\textbackslash n] The overall spatial patterns of throughfall deposition in 2015 remained similar to results from the previous years.

[\textbackslash n] Analyses of the chemical composition of leaves and needles over time and space allow the identification of trends and spatial patterns of the nutritional state of single trees and forest stands. Both, the levels and trends of foliar nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and the N:P ratio of the tree species European beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were analysed. Average concentrations a decade ago (2000- 2005) were compared with recent values (2010 -2015) while trends were analysed for the overall period 1993 to 2015.

[\textbackslash n] A declining trend in foliar P concentrations was found in European beech and Norway spruce, indicating an increasing P limitation of trees and forest stands. Foliar P concentrations were, however, relatively stable over the years in Scots pine. With regard to foliar N concentrations, the results suggest that the supply is at least adequate on the majority of the observed Level II plots for Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris, while a larger proportion of Picea abies plots remains in the deficiency range. The N:P ratio in all three species increased during 1993-2015.

[\textbackslash n] The chapter on tree crown condition presents results from the assessments carried out on the largescale, representative, transnational monitoring network (Level I) of ICP Forests in 2016, as well as longterm trends for the main species and species groups.

[\textbackslash n] In 2016, the average crown defoliation in the participating countries was 22.1\,\% for broadleaved and 20.1\,\% for conifer species. For most species, it remained largely in the range of observations from previous years. However, the defoliation of Scots pine, which generally does not deviate much from the trend, was higher in 2016 than the long-term mean, and the defoliation of Norway spruce remained on the level above the long-term trend for the third consecutive year. For Norway spruce especially, a large share of damage symptoms could not be assigned to specific damage agents, complicating the interpretation of defoliation assessments. After several years of improved crown condition, the defoliation of beech increased to the highest value ever recorded. The most common identified causes of damage on beech in 2016 were mining insects and defoliators. Mediterranean lowland pines showed the strongest trend in defoliation (around 3\,\% every 10 years) while the highest mean defoliation in 2016 was observed in evergreen oaks (25.0\,\%).

[\textbackslash n] The average number of recorded damage symptoms per assessed tree was lower for the conifer species or species groups (on average 0.5 symptoms per tree in Norway spruce, Austrian pine, Mediterranean lowland pines and Scots pine) than for broadleaved species (on average 0.9 symptoms per tree in common beech, deciduous (sub-) Mediterranean and temperate oaks and evergreen oaks). Insects, abiotic causes and fungi were the most common damage agent groups, comprising altogether more than half (54.9\,\%) of all damage records.

[\textbackslash n] Climatic conditions significantly affect forest ecosystems and the inherent biogeochemical processes and relationships in the system of soil, plant and atmosphere. In a changing climate, the observation and analysis of long-term climatic conditions and solely weather events is crucial to evaluate and rank the processes and changes observed in the different surveys of the ICP Forests monitoring programme. This chapter reports on values of stress indicators related to specific weather conditions across Europe of the years 2013 to 2015 and identifies spatial patterns and relationships for such weather events. Despite the short study period of this evaluation, substantial differences in the meteorological stress indicators values were found between plots across Europe. Therefore, it is crucial that climatic conditions be considered when evaluating the results of other surveys since significant differences in meteorological variables may be responsible for significant changes in forest ecosystems.},
  isbn = {978-3-902762-89-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14580369,~to-add-doi-URL,drought-stress,europe,forest-resources,indicators,precipitation,temperature,temperature-stress,vegetation,water-stress},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14580369},
  series = {{{BFW}}-{{Dokumentation}}}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{stavrakakis_extreme_2017,
	title = {Extreme right-wing populism in {Europe}: revisiting a reified association},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1740-5904},
	shorttitle = {Extreme right-wing populism in {Europe}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2017.1309325},
	doi = {10.1080/17405904.2017.1309325},
	abstract = {Revisiting the trend of identifying populism with extreme right parties, in this paper we aim to problematize such associations within the context of today’s Europe. Drawing on examples from relevant parties in France and the Netherlands, and applying a discourse-theoretical methodology, we test the hypothesis that such parties are better categorized primarily as nationalist and only secondarily – and reluctantly – as ‘populist’. Our hypothesis follows the remarks of scholars who have stressed that the central theme in the discourse of such parties is not the staging of an antagonism between a ‘people’ and an ‘elite’, but rather the opposition of an ethnic community with its alleged dangerous ‘others’. In this context, we propose a discursive methodology able to differentiate between ‘populist’ and ‘nationalist’ (xenophobic, racist, etc.) discourses by locating the core signifiers in each discourse in relation to peripheral ones, as well as by clarifying the nature of the axial antagonisms put forth.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2022-08-20},
	journal = {Critical Discourse Studies},
	author = {Stavrakakis, Yannis and Katsambekis, Giorgos and Nikisianis, Nikos and Kioupkiolis, Alexandros and Siomos, Thomas},
	month = aug,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2017.1309325},
	keywords = {Essex School, Europe, France, Netherlands, Populism, discourse, extreme right},
	pages = {420--439},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{schrider_s/hic:_2016,
	title = {S/{HIC}: {Robust} {Identification} of {Soft} and {Hard} {Sweeps} {Using} {Machine} {Learning}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1553-7404},
	shorttitle = {S/{HIC}},
	url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005928},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1005928},
	abstract = {Detecting the targets of adaptive natural selection from whole genome sequencing data is a central problem for population genetics. However, to date most methods have shown sub-optimal performance under realistic demographic scenarios. Moreover, over the past decade there has been a renewed interest in determining the importance of selection from standing variation in adaptation of natural populations, yet very few methods for inferring this model of adaptation at the genome scale have been introduced. Here we introduce a new method, S/HIC, which uses supervised machine learning to precisely infer the location of both hard and soft selective sweeps. We show that S/HIC has unrivaled accuracy for detecting sweeps under demographic histories that are relevant to human populations, and distinguishing sweeps from linked as well as neutrally evolving regions. Moreover, we show that S/HIC is uniquely robust among its competitors to model misspecification. Thus, even if the true demographic model of a population differs catastrophically from that specified by the user, S/HIC still retains impressive discriminatory power. Finally, we apply S/HIC to the case of resequencing data from human chromosome 18 in a European population sample, and demonstrate that we can reliably recover selective sweeps that have been identified earlier using less specific and sensitive methods.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2019-03-01TZ},
	journal = {PLOS Genetics},
	author = {Schrider, Daniel R. and Kern, Andrew D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {Decision trees, Europe, Genomics statistics, Haplotypes, Machine learning, Population genetics, Population size, Simulation and modeling},
	pages = {e1005928}
}

@article{degrootDecadesPopulationGenetic2016,
  title = {Decades of Population Genetic Research Reveal the Need for Harmonization of Molecular Markers: The Grey Wolf {{Canis}} Lupus as a Case Study},
  author = {{de Groot}, G. Arjen and Nowak, Carsten and Skrbin{\v s}ek, Toma{\v z} and Andersen, Liselotte W. and Aspi, Jouni and Fumagalli, Luca and Godinho, Raquel and Harms, Verena and Jansman, Hugh A. H. and Liberg, Olof and Marucco, Francesca and Mys{\l}ajek, Robert W. and Nowak, Sabina and Pilot, Ma{\l}gorzata and Randi, Ettore and Reinhardt, Ilka and {\'S}mietana, Wojciech and Szewczyk, Maciej and Taberlet, Pierre and Vil{\`a}, Carles and {Mu{\~n}oz-Fuentes}, Violeta},
  year = {2016},
  month = jan,
  volume = {46},
  pages = {44--59},
  issn = {0305-1838},
  doi = {10.1111/mam.12052},
  abstract = {Following protection measures implemented since the 1970s, large carnivores are currently increasing in number and returning to areas from which they were absent for decades or even centuries. Monitoring programmes for these species rely extensively on non-invasive sampling and genotyping. However, attempts to connect results of such studies at larger spatial or temporal scales often suffer from the incompatibility of genetic markers implemented by researchers in different laboratories. This is particularly critical for long-distance dispersers, revealing the need for harmonized monitoring schemes that would enable the understanding of gene flow and dispersal dynamics.

[] Based on a review of genetic studies on grey wolves Canis lupus from Europe, we provide an overview of the genetic markers currently in use, and identify opportunities and hurdles for studies based on continent-scale datasets.

[] Our results highlight an urgent need for harmonization of methods to enable transnational research based on data that have already been collected, and to allow these data to be linked to material collected in the future. We suggest timely standardization of newly developed genotyping approaches, and propose that action is directed towards the establishment of shared single nucleotide polymorphism panels, next-generation sequencing of microsatellites, a common reference sample collection and an online database for data exchange.

[] Enhanced cooperation among genetic researchers dealing with large carnivores in consortia would facilitate streamlining of methods, their faster and wider adoption, and production of results at the large spatial scales that ultimately matter for the conservation of these charismatic species.},
  journal = {Mammal Review},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037452,~to-add-doi-URL,canis-lupus,carnivores,europe,featured-publication,genetic-variability,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14037452},
  number = {1}
}

@article{gschwantnerComparisonMethodsUsed2016,
  title = {Comparison of Methods Used in {{European National Forest Inventories}} for the Estimation of Volume Increment: Towards Harmonisation},
  author = {Gschwantner, Thomas and Lanz, Adrian and Vidal, Claude and Bosela, Michal and Di Cosmo, Lucio and Fridman, Jonas and Gasparini, Patrizia and Kulie{\v s}is, Andrius and Tomter, Stein and Schadauer, Klemens},
  year = {2016},
  volume = {73},
  pages = {807--821},
  issn = {1297-966X},
  doi = {10.1007/s13595-016-0554-5},
  abstract = {[Key message]

The increment estimation methods of European NFIs were explored by means of 12 essential NFI features. The results indicate various differences among NFIs within the commonly acknowledged methodological frame. The perspectives for harmonisation at the European level are promising.

[Context]

The estimation of increment is implemented differently in European National Forest Inventories (NFIs) due to different historical origins of NFIs and sampling designs and field assessments accommodated to country-specific conditions. The aspired harmonisation of increment estimation requires a comparison and an analysis of NFI methods.

[Aims]

The objective was to investigate the differences in volume increment estimation methods used in European NFIs. The conducted work shall set a basis for harmonisation at the European level which is needed to improve information on forest resources for various strategic processes.

[Methods]

A comprehensive enquiry was conducted during Cost Action FP1001 to explore the methods of increment estimation of 29 European NFIs. The enquiry built upon the preceding Cost Action E43 and was complemented by an analysis of literature to demonstrate the methodological backgrounds.

[Results]

The comparison of methods revealed differences concerning the NFI features such as sampling grids, periodicity of assessments, permanent and temporary plots, use of remote sensing, sample tree selection, components of forest growth, forest area changes, sampling thresholds, field measurements, drain assessment, involved models and tree parts included in estimates.

[Conclusion]

Increment estimation methods differ considerably among European NFIs. Their harmonisation introduces new issues into the harmonisation process. Recent accomplishments and the increased use of sample-based inventories in Europe make perspectives for harmonised reporting of increment estimation promising.},
  journal = {Annals of Forest Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14463394,~to-add-doi-URL,data-heterogeneity,data-uncertainty,dbh,europe,field-measurements,forest-inventories,forest-resource-information,forest-resources,integration-techniques,knowledge-integration,standard},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14463394},
  number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@book{citeulike:13878890,
    abstract = {The Summary for Policy Makers is a brief document based
on information included in the  ” State of Europe's Forests
2015”report. This document off ers a comprehensive
overview of European forests, their current status, trends
and policy responses related to them, as well as an insight
into sustainable forest management ({SFM}) in Europe.

[\n] The State of Europe's Forests 2015 report will, along with other
publications, serve as background information for political
discussions on future opportunities and challenges, and the
associated political responses. This report is focused on the
current status and trends (10-year trends and 25-year trends)
of European forests and sustainable forest management in the
period 1990-2015 and has been prepared for the 7th Ministerial
Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, held in Madrid
on 20-21 October 2015.

[\n] The State of Europe's Forests 2015 report is organised in two parts.
The first part (Overall Policies, Institutions and Instruments for
Sustainable Forest Management) provides general information
about the way forests are governed in a country through the
policies, institutions and instruments for {SFM}. These aspects are
covered by five Qualitative1 Indicators, and changes reported in
these indicators over time reflect the responses of policy makers
to challenges and opportunities related to forests and {SFM}.
The second part (European Forests: Status, Trends and Policy
Responses) has been prepared following the Advisory Group
recommendations and on the basis of data gleaned from the
35 Quantitative Indicators, which provide information on the
current status and changes in European forests and progress
on {SFM}, and from the 12 Qualitative Indicators, which shed light
on the policies, institutions and instruments used to address
specific policy areas related to the afore mentioned Quantitative
Indicators. This second part is structured according to the
Six Criteria for {SFM} and includes the respective Quantitative
Indicators and Qualitative Indicators directly related to them.

[\n] The Output Tables included in the Annexes display the
information on Quantitative Indicators reported by 34
signatory countries, the information included in the 11
desk studies carried out by {UNECE}/{FAO} Forestry and
Timber Section, and the information reported by the
Russian Federation for the previous edition of the State
of Europe's Forests report. Given the lack of comparable
current data from the Russian Federation and in order
to maintain the internal consistency of the report, the
information provided by the Russian Federation in
2011 is not included in the analysis or the graphs. 

[::State of Europe's Forests 2015] European forests play an important role in environmental functions, crucial for our
wellbeing, as fighting climate change, conserving biological diversity, protecting
soils or preserving water resources. Furthermore, the productive role of European
forests has a relevant value producing also significant socio-economic benefits
[...]

[::Overall policies, institutions and instruments for {SFM}] This chapter provides general information about the way forests are governed
in the {FOREST} {EUROPE} signatories through policies, institutions and
instruments for Sustainable Forest Management ({SFM}). These are covered
by 5 Qualitative Indicators (Part I of {pan-European} Qualitative Indicators).
Changes reported in these indicators over time reflect the responses of policy
makers to challenges and opportunities related to forests and {SFM}. 
[::] A1. National Forest Programme ({NFP}) or similar and related forest policies [...]
[::] A2. Institutional frameworks [...]
[::] A3. Legal/regulatory frameworks and international commitments [...]
[::] A4. Financial instruments and economic policy [...]
[::] A5. Informational means [...]

[::Forest Resources and their Contribution to Global Carbon Cycles]
[::] Forests cover more than one third of Europe`s land surface, and forest
area continues to increase [...]
[::] Growing stock in European forests is above the world average and still
increasing [...]
[::] One third of European forests are uneven-aged [...]
[::] The forest area is expanding according to the defined targets in the
countries with low forest cover [...]
[::] European forests are major carbon sink [...]
[::] Carbon stocks and stock changes in forests as well as climate change
mitigation and adaptation are the most frequently mentioned objectives [...]

[::Forest Ecosystem Health and Vitality]

[::] Depositions of air pollutants have continuously decreased since 1997,
except for N-depositions, which have increased in Southern and Central-
Eastern Europe [...]
[::] Data from forest areas correspond with previous assessments showing
that soil organic carbon concentration levels have increased following a
{South-East} to {North-West} trend in the {EU} [...]
[::] Defoliation remained unchanged on around two thirds of the plots
monitored over the 10-year period [...]
[::] 3.1\% (or 3.7 million hectares) of Europe's forests are affected by forest
damage, most frequently caused by biotic agents [...]
[::] Most countries reported specific objectives related to forest health and
vitality (i.e. improved resistance, monitoring systems and climate change
adaptation) [...]

[::Productive Functions of Forests]
[::] Increments in European forests substantially exceed fellings [...]
[::] Europe remains one of the largest producers of roundwood in the world [...]
[::] The total value of marketed non-wood goods reported was almost €2.3 million [...]
[::] The total reported value for marketed services is around €723 million [...]
[::] Most forests in Europe have a management plan [...]
[::] Few changes were reported concerning the objectives related to the
production and use of wood, with most of such changes connected to
the bioenergy sector. About 30\% of the signatory countries reported
developments in informational means [...]
[::] While 25\% of the reporting signatory countries reported changes
in specific objectives, the majority showed continuity in relation to
mechanisms and instruments [...]

[::Biological Diversity in Forest Ecosystems]

[::] Mixed species stands dominate European forests [...]
[::] Regeneration approaches and natural expansion vary widely across Europe [...]
[::] 4\% of European forests are undisturbed by man [...]
[::] Introduced tree species dominate 4.4\% of European forests [...]
[::] Deadwood is increasing slightly in European forests [...]
[::] The areas managed for conservation of forest genetic resources and for
seed production have increased over the last 25 years [...]
[::] Two thirds of European forests are in a core natural landscape pattern [...]
[::] Forests are an important habitat for threatened species [...]
[::] More than 30 million ha of European forests are protected [...]
[::] A large majority of countries (more than 90\%) have specific objectives
in relation to biodiversity. Almost half have reported legislative
developments and just small changes in other instruments [...]

[::Protective Functions in Forest Management]

[::] Forest fulfill all protective functions [...]
[::] Forests protect infrastructures and managed natural resources from
natural hazards [...]
[::] Long term commitment on protection of water and soil in Europe [...]

[::{Socio-Economic} Functions and Conditions]

[::] The number of private forest holdings is increasing [...]
[::] The forest sector contributed around 0.8\% to {GDP} (Gross Domestic
Product) in the region as a whole [...]
[::] Most parts of the regions in Europe saw an annual increase in net value added [...]
[::] Expenditures for services remain constant, while revenues from services
are increasing [...]
[::] Forest sector still plays an important role in relation to employment [...]
[::] Forest work remains a dangerous occupation [...]
[::] During the 2008-2009 financial crisis, wood consumption decreased in
Europe [...]
[::] Europe has shifted from a net importer to a net exporter of primary wood
and paper products [...]
[::] Energy from wood resources contributes significantly to renewable
energy targets [...]
[::] Most forests in Europe are accessible for recreation [...]
[::] More than 1.25 million cultural sites are located in European forests [...]
[::] Most reporting signatories have specific policy objectives in relation to the economic viability of forests [...]
[::] The majority of reporting signatories have specific objectives related to employment [...]
[::] More countries are promoting participation, with a wide variety of means being used, as was also stated in 2011 [...]
[::] Enhancing research activities, cross-sectoral cooperation, innovation
and technological development, as well as improving the quality and efficiency of forest education and training at all levels is becoming more important [...]
[::] Increased interest has been shown through more countries reporting and a
significant proportion (60\%) of positive developments in cultural and spiritual
values [...]},
    address = {Madrid, Spain},
    author = {Alberdi Asensio, Iciar and Baycheva-Merger, Tanya and Bouvet, Alain and Bozzano, Michele and Caudullo, Giovanni and Cienciala, Emil and Corona, Piermaria and Dom\'{\i}nguez Torres, Gl\`{o}ria and Houston Durrant, Tracy and Edwards, David and Estreguil, Christine and Ferreti, Marco and Fischer, Uwe and Freudenschuss, Alexandra and Gasparini, Patrizia and Godinho Ferreira, Paulo and Hansen, Karin and Hiederer, Roland and Inhaizer, Hubert and Jellesmark Thorsen, Bo and Jonsson, Ragnar and Kastenholz, Edgar and Kleinschmit von Lengefeld, Andreas and K\"{o}hl, Michael and Korhonen, Kari and Koskela, Jarkko and Krumm, Frank and Lanz, Adrian and Lasserre, Bruno and Levet, Anne-Laure and Li, Yanshu and Lier, Markus and Mallarach Carrera, Josep M. and Marchetti, Marco and Mart\'{\i}nez de Arano, Inazio and Michel, Alexa and Moffat, Andy and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan and Oldenburger, Jan and Parviainen, Jari and Pettenella, Davide and Prokofieva, Irina and Quadt, Verena and Rametsteiner, Ewald and Rinaldi, Francesca and Sanders, Tanja and San-Miguel-Ayanz, Jes\'{u}s and Schuck, Andreas and Seidling, Walter and Solberg, Birger and Sotirov, Metodi and St\r{a}hl, G\"{o}ran and Tom\'{e}, Margarida and Toth, Gergely and van Brusselen, Jo and Verkerk, Hans and V\'{\i}tkov\'{a}, Lucie and Weiss, Gerhard and Wildburguer, Christoph and Winkel, Gerorg and Zasada, Michal and Zingg, Andreas},
    citeulike-article-id = {13878890},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13878890},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.webcitation.org/6mG9U2ex9},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.webcitation.org/6mGA7hobB},
    citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://foresteurope.org/state-europes-forests-2015-report/},
    citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://www.foresteurope.org/docs/SoeF2015/BIBLIOGRAPHY.pdf},
    citeulike-linkout-5 = {http://www.foresteurope.org/fullsoef2015},
    comment = {== References ==
\# Alberdi, I., Michalak, R., Fischer, C., Gasparini, P., Br\"{a}ndli, U.-B., Tomter, S.M., Kuliesis, A., Snorrason, A., Redmond, J., Hern\'{a}ndez, L., Ca\~{n}ellas, I., Lanz, A., Vidondo, A., Stoyanov, N., Stoyanova, M., Vestman, M., Barreiro, S., Vidal, C. (Submitted). A common FAWS definition is of major importance for the results of any simulation of the European Forest projections. Annals of Forest Science.
\# Berg, A., Ehnstr\"{o}m, B., Gustafsson, L., Hallingb\"{a}ck, T., Jonsell, M., Weslien, J., 1994. Threatened plant, animal, and fungus species in Swedish forests: distributionand habitat associations. Conservation Biology 8, 718–731. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08030718.x .
\# EEA (European Environment Agency), 2006. European forest types – Categories and types for sustainable forest management reporting and policy. EEA Technical Report No. 9/2006. EEA, Copenhagen.
\# EEA (European Environment Agency), 2008. European forests - ecosystem conditions and sustainable use. EEA Report number 3/2008. EEA, Copenhagen.
\# Estreguil, C., Caudullo, G., de Rigo, D., 2014. A proposal for an integrated modelling framework to characterise habitat pattern, Environmental Modelling \& Software 52, 176–191. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.011 .
\# Estreguil, C., Caudullo, G., de Rigo, D., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., 2013. Forest landscape in Europe: Pattern, fragmentation and connectivity. EUR – Scientific and Technical Research 25717 (JRC 77295), 18 pp.   doi:10.2788/77842 .
\# FAO, 2014. Contribution of the forestry sector to national economies, 1990-2011, by A. Lebedys and Y. Li. Forest Finance Working Paper FSFM/ACC/09. FAO, Rome.
\# FOREST EUROPE, UNECE, FAO, 2011. State of Europe's Forests 2011. Europe's Status \& Trends in Sustainable Forest Management in Europe.
\# Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010: Main report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/i1757e/i1757e.pdf .
\# Franc, N., 2007. Standing or downed dead trees - does it matter for saproxylic beetles in temperate oak-rich forest? Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37 (12), 2494–2507. doi:10.1139/X07-096 .
\# Grove, S.J., 2002. Saproxylic insect ecology and the sustainable management of forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33, 1–23. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.010802.150507 .
\# Harmon, M.E., Franklin, J.F., Swanson, F.J., Sollins, P., Gregory, S.V., Lattin, J.D., Anderson, N.H., Cline, S.P., Aumen, N.G., Sedell, J.R., Lienkaemper, G.W., Cromack,K., Cummins, K.W., 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15, 133–302. 
\# Heilmann-Clausen, J., Christensen, M., 2004. Does size matter? On the importance of various dead wood fractions for fungal diversity in Danish beech forests. Forest Ecology and Management 201 (1), 105–117. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.010 .
\# Jonsell, M., Hansson, J., Wedmo, L., 2007. Diversity of saproxylic beetle species inlogging residues in Sweden - Comparisons between tree species and diameters. Biological Conservation 138 (1-2), 89–99. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2007.04.003 .
\# Larsson, T.-B., Angelstam, P., Balent, G., Barbati, A., Bijlsma, R.-J., Boncina, A., Bradshaw, R., B\"{u}cking, W., Ciancio, O., Corona, P., Diaci, J., Dias, S., Ellenberg, H., Fernandes, F. M., Fern\'{a}ndez-Gonzalez, F., Ferris, R., Frank, G., M{\o}ller, P. F., Giller, P. S., Gustafsson, L., Halbritter, K., Hall, S., Hansson, L., Innes, J., Jactel, H., Dobbertin, M. K., Klein, M., Marchetti, M., Mohren, F., Niemel\"{a}, P., O'Halloran, J., Rametsteiner, E., Rego, F., Scheidegger, C., Scotti, R., Sj\"{o}berg, K., Spanos, I., Spanos, K., Standov\'{a}r, T., Svensson, L., T{\o}mmer\r{a}s, B., Trakolis, D., Uuttera, J., VanDenMeersschaut, D., Vandekerkhove, K., Walsh, P. M., Watt, A. D., 2001. Biodiversity evaluation tools for European forests. Vol. 50 of Ecological Bulletins. Blackwell Science. 
\# Siitonen, J., 2001. Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylic organisms: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecological Bulletins 49, 11–41. 
\# Siry, J.P, Cubbage, F.W, Newman, D.H. 2009: Global Forest Ownership: Implications for Forest Production, Management and Protection. In: Proceedings of the XIII World Forestry Congress (18-23 Oct. 2009), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
\# UNECE, 2011. Forest Products Annual Market Review 2010–2011. United Nations, Geneva.
\# Vantomme, P., 2003. What are 'Non-Wood Forest Products' for FAO?, International Forestry Review 5(2), 162.
\# Verkerk, P.J., Lindner, M., Zanchi, G., Zudin, S., 2011. Assessing impacts of intensified biomass removal on deadwood in European forests. Ecological Indicators 11 (1), 27–35. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.04.004 .},
    editor = {{Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe}},
    keywords = {europe, featured-publication, forest-resources, integration-techniques, multiauthor, science-policy-interface, scientific-communication},
    posted-at = {2015-12-09 15:33:21},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (FOREST EUROPE).},
    title = {{State of Europe's forests 2015}},
    url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13878890},
    year = {2015}
}

@article{europeanenvironmentagencyEUNISEuropeanNature2015,
  title = {{{EUNIS}}, the {{European Nature Information System}}},
  author = {{European Environment Agency}},
  year = {2015},
  abstract = {[Excerpt]The European nature information system, EUNIS, brings together European data from several databases and organisations into three interlinked modules on sites, species and habitat types.

[\textbackslash n] The EUNIS information system is part of the European Biodiversity data centre (BDC) and it is a contribution to the knowledge base for implementing the EU and global biodiversity strategies and the 7th Environmental Action Programme.

[\textbackslash n] The EUNIS information system provides access to the publicly available data in the EUNIS database. The information includes:

[::] Data on species, habitat types and designated sites compiled in the framework of Natura 2000 (EU Habitats and Birds Directives); [::] The EUNIS habitat classification; [::] Data from material compiled by the European Topic Centre of Biological Diversity; [::] Information on species, habitat types and designated sites mentioned in relevant international conventions and in the IUCN Red Lists; [::] Specific data collected in the framework of the EEA's reporting activities, which also constitute a core set of data to be updated periodically, e.g. Eionet priority dataflow Nationally designated areas (CDDA).},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13603141,europe,forest-resources,vegetation-composition,vegetation-types},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13603141}
}

@book{kruta_art_2015,
	address = {Paris},
	title = {L'{Art} des celtes},
	isbn = {978-0-7148-6951-3},
	abstract = {Glossaire. Bibliogr. p.230-235},
	publisher = {Phaidon},
	author = {{Kruta}},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {26678/pcrt4rR2kyMQuW, 26678/pcrtDMPItSUxPY, 26678/pcrtFPA0Zqg3Yz, 26678/pcrtJIWNXBzTj3, 26678/pcrtNBrnOdttU9, 26678/pcrtQJeJT6krQS, 26678/pcrtZhnbHzuSzG, Europe, arme, art celte, motif d�coratif, objet, parure, sculpture}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{plambech_m.z._dexmedetomidine_2015,
	title = {Dexmedetomidine in the pediatric population: {A} review},
	url = {http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getpdf/sbNvoPlJhvv6bbyfsqY76tEZcB64PRPRZhQ7XFLHe60Q6OIPvcRxmU6QbTTdsDC59xcyai%252BPQuY95g446wPjIA%253D%253D/R02Y2015N03A0320.pdf},
	abstract = {Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist approved only for sedation in adult intensive care patients, is increasingly used off-label in- and outside Europe in the pediatric setting for various indications such as to prevent agitation, as premedication in the form of intranasal, buccal and oral solution, as adjunct for elective surgery, as sedative for magnetic resonance imaging, as intraoperative analgesia, for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and as adjuvant to ropi- and bupivacaine for nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine is also used intravenously at different intensive care units with the purpose of sedation of children. In this paper, we assess 51 minor trials in the form of 44 randomized controlled trials and 7 prospective observational studies in an attempt to update the available evidence on dexmedetomidine use in pediatrics. Furthermore, we discuss its potential indications, benefits and adverse effects. However, it is important to state that much of the existing evidence favoring dexmedetomidine in children is either extrapolated from adult studies or based on small randomized controlled trials and observational studies with their inherent methodological shortcomings and confounding factors. Based on the best current evidence dexmedetomidine is found suitable and safe for various indications. However, in order to discover its full potential, indications, dosing and safety profile for various ages and procedures, it should urgently be examined by conducting good quality pediatric trials. Finally, we provide the readers with guidance on how to apply and dose dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation and for other indications. Copyright COPYRIGHT © 2015 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.},
	journal = {Minerva Anestesiologica},
	author = {{Plambech M.Z.} and {Afshari A.}},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {*anesthesia, *child, *deep sedation, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *dexmedetomidine/na [Intranasal Drug Administration], *human, *pediatrics, *population, Child, Europe, adjuvant, adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, agitation, agonist, analgesia, article, bupivacaine, cardiovascular effect, clinical protocol, elective surgery, extracorporeal lithotripsy, human, infant, intensive care, intensive care unit, intranasal drug administration, intraoperative analgesia, intraoperative period, meta analysis (topic), nerve block, newborn, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, observational study, patient, pediatrics, perioperative period, phase 1 clinical trial (topic), premedication, procedures, randomized controlled trial (topic), reading, safety, sedation, sedative agent, side effect/si [Side Effect], systematic review (topic)}
}

@article{caudulloApplyingGeospatialSemantic2014,
  title = {Applying {{Geospatial Semantic Array Programming}} for a Reproducible Set of Bioclimatic Indices in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Caudullo, Giovanni},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {877975+},
  doi = {10.1101/009589},
  abstract = {Bioclimate-driven regression analysis is a widely used approach for modelling ecological niches and zonation. Although the bioclimatic complexity of the European continent is high, a particular combination of 12 climatic and topographic covariates was recently found able to reliably reproduce the ecological zoning of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for forest resources assessment at pan-European scale, generating the first fuzzy similarity map of FAO ecozones in Europe. The reproducible procedure followed to derive this collection of bioclimatic indices is now presented. It required an integration of data-transformation modules (D-TM) using geospatial tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and array-based mathematical implementation such as semantic array programming (SemAP). Base variables, intermediate and final covariates are described and semantically defined by providing the workflow of D-TMs and the mathematical formulation following the SemAP notation. Source layers to derive base variables were extracted by exclusively relying on global-scale public open geodata in order for the same set of bioclimatic covariates to be reproducible in any region worldwide. In particular, two freely available datasets were exploited for temperature and precipitation (WorldClim) and elevation (Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data). The working extent covers the European continent to the Urals with a resolution of 30 arc-second. The proposed set of bioclimatic covariates will be made available as open data in the European Forest Data Centre (EFDAC). The forthcoming complete set of D-TM codelets will enable the 12 covariates to be easily reproduced and expanded through free software.},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint = {1410.2707},
  eprinttype = {arxiv},
  journal = {IEEE Earthzine},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13385094,bioclimatic-predictors,ecological-zones,ecology,europe,fagus-sylvatica,geospatial,geospatial-semantic-array-programming,semantic-array-programming,semap,solar-radiation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13385094},
  number = {2}
}

@article{lawlor_nilvad_2014,
	title = {{NILVAD} protocol: a {European} multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial of nilvadipine in mild-to-moderate {Alzheimer}'s disease},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {{NILVAD} protocol},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006364},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study is a European multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of nilvadipine as a disease course modifying treatment for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a phase III study that will run for a period of 82 weeks with a treatment period of 78 weeks.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Adult patients, males and females over 50 years with mild-to-moderate AD as defined by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) criteria, will be included in the study. It aims to recruit a total of 500 patients with AD; 250 in the nilvadipine group and 250 in the placebo group. Participants will be randomised to receive nilvadipine, an 8 mg overencapsulated, sustained release capsule, or a matching overencapsulated placebo (sugar pill) for a period of 78 weeks of treatment. The primary efficacy outcome measure in this study is the change in cognitive function as assessed by the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog 12) from baseline to the end of treatment duration (78 weeks). There are two key secondary outcome measures, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-sb) and the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD). If a statistically significant effect is seen in the primary outcome, CDR-sb will be considered to be a coprimary end point and only the DAD will contribute to the secondary outcome analysis.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study and all subsequent amendments have received ethical approval within each participating country according to national regulations. Each participant will provide written consent to participate in the study. All participants will remain anonymised throughout and the results of the study will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: EUDRACT Reference Number: 2012-002764-27.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {BMJ open},
	author = {Lawlor, Brian and Kennelly, Sean and O'Dwyer, Sarah and Cregg, Fiona and Walsh, Cathal and Coen, Robert and Kenny, Rose Anne and Howard, Robert and Murphy, Caroline and Adams, Jessica and Daly, Leslie and Segurado, Ricardo and Gaynor, Siobhan and Crawford, Fiona and Mullan, Michael and Lucca, Ugo and Banzi, Rita and Pasquier, Florence and Breuilh, Laetitia and Riepe, Matthias and Kalman, Janos and Wallin, Anders and Borjesson, Anne and Molloy, William and Tsolaki, Magda and Olde Rikkert, Marcel},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25300460},
	pmcid = {PMC4194801},
	keywords = {Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Europe, Aged, 80 and over, Treatment Outcome, Double-Blind Method, Severity of Illness Index, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nifedipine, GERIATRIC MEDICINE},
	pages = {e006364}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{ citeulike:13133263,
  abstract = {Soil erosion by water is one of the most widespread forms of soil degradation. The loss of soil as a result of erosion can lead to decline in organic matter and nutrient contents, breakdown of soil structure and reduction of the water holding capacity. Measuring soil loss across the whole landscape is impractical and thus research is needed to improve methods of estimating soil erosion with computational modelling, upon which integrated assessment and mitigation strategies may be based. Despite the efforts, the prediction value of existing models is still limited, especially at regional and continental scale. A new approach for modelling soil erosion at large spatial scale is here proposed. It is based on the joint use of low data demanding models and innovative techniques for better estimating model inputs. The proposed modelling architecture has at its basis the semantic array programming paradigm and a strong effort towards computational reproducibility. An extended version of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation ({RUSLE}) has been implemented merging different empirical rainfall-erosivity equations within a climatic ensemble model and adding a new factor for a better consideration of soil stoniness within the model. {Pan-European} soil erosion rates by water have been estimated through the use of publicly available datasets and locally reliable empirical relationships. The accuracy of the results is corroborated by a visual plausibility check (63% of a random sample of grid cells are accurate, 83% at least moderately accurate, bootstrap p ≤ 0.05). A comparison with country level statistics of pre-existing European maps of soil erosion by water is also provided.},
  author = {Bosco, Claudio and de Rigo, Daniele and Dewitte, Olivier and Poesen, Jean and Panagos, Panos},
  citeulike-article-id = {13133263},
  citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-2639-2014},
  citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=15027909135920483528},
  citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-2639-2014},
  day = {11},
  doi = {10.5194/nhessd-2-2639-2014},
  issn = {2195-9269},
  journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions},
  keywords = {bias-toward-primacy-of-theory-over-reality, computational-science, continental-scale, data-integration, empirical-equation, ensemble, environmental-modelling, erosivity, europe, geospatial-semantic-array-programming, gis, integrated-modelling, knowledge-integration, mastrave-modelling-library, modelling, relative-distance-similarity, reproducibility, reproducible-research, rusle, semantic-array-programming, soil-erosion, soil-resources, stoniness, uncertainty, visual-assessment},
  month = {April},
  number = {4},
  pages = {2639--2680},
  posted-at = {2014-04-11 08:54:44},
  priority = {2},
  title = {Modelling soil erosion at {E}uropean scale: towards harmonization and reproducibility},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-2639-2014},
  volume = {2},
  year = {2014}
}

@incollection{barringEURO4MMESANData2014,
  title = {{{EURO4M MESAN}} Data - {{European}} High-Resolution Surface Reanalysis Published as a {{CLIPC}} Activity},
  booktitle = {{{SMHI Publisher}}},
  author = {B{\"a}rring, Lars and {Michael Kolax}},
  year = {2014},
  publisher = {{Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)}},
  address = {{Sweden}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] A version of the operational forecasting system HIRLAM was used to produce a regional reanalysis dataset. At the lateral boundaries HIRLAM was forced by ERA-Interim data. From this dataset surface fields were extracted for downscaling using the MESAN system. The downscaling was done in two steps, first the HIRLAM 0.22\textdegree{} field was interpolated to the MESAN 0.05\textdegree{} (rotated latitude/longitude) grid. This was then used by MESAN as first guess in an optimum interpolation in which available surface observations were analysed. The full data consists of 1286 x 1361 gridcells at a spatial resolution of about 5.5 km.

[\textbackslash n] A subset covering the CORDEX EUR-11 Domain is delivered at this service.},
  keywords = {~INRMM-MiD:z-BVSP7AJF,downscaling,euro-cordex,euro4m-mesan,europe,open-data,precipitation,reanalysis,temperature},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:z-BVSP7AJF}
}

@article{rodriguez-aserettoFreeOpenSource2013,
  title = {Free and {{Open Source Software}} Underpinning the {{European Forest Data Centre}}},
  author = {{Rodriguez-Aseretto}, Dario and Di Leo, Margherita and {de Rigo}, Daniele and Corti, Paolo and McInerney, Daniel and Camia, Andrea and {San-Miguel-Ayanz}, Jes{\'u}s},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {12101+},
  issn = {1607-7962},
  doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.155700},
  abstract = {Worldwide, governments are growingly focusing on free and open source software (FOSS) as a move toward transparency and the freedom to run, copy, study, change and improve the software. The European Commission (EC) is also supporting the development of FOSS [...]. In addition to the financial savings, FOSS contributes to scientific knowledge freedom in computational science (CS) and is increasingly rewarded in the science-policy interface within the emerging paradigm of open science. Since complex computational science applications may be affected by software uncertainty, FOSS may help to mitigate part of the impact of software errors by CS community- driven open review, correction and evolution of scientific code. The continental scale of EC science-based policy support implies wide networks of scientific collaboration. Thematic information systems also may benefit from this approach within reproducible integrated modelling. This is supported by the EC strategy on FOSS: "for the development of new information systems, where deployment is foreseen by parties outside of the EC infrastructure, FOSS will be the preferred choice and in any case used whenever possible". The aim of this contribution is to highlight how a continental scale information system may exploit and integrate FOSS technologies within the transdisciplinary research underpinning such a complex system. A European example is discussed where FOSS innervates both the structure of the information system itself and the inherent transdisciplinary research for modelling the data and information which constitute the system content. [...]},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11988844,computational-science,data-transformation-modelling,environmental-modelling,europe,free-scientific-knowledge,free-scientific-software,free-software,gdal,geospatial,geospatial-semantic-array-programming,gis,gnu-octave,gnu-r,guidos-mspa,integrated-modelling,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,mastrave-modelling-library,modelling,modelling-uncertainty,numpy,open-science,pktools,python,robust-modelling,science-policy-interface,scipy,semantic-array-programming,semantics,semap,software-engineering,software-errors,software-uncertainty,system-engineering,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11988844},
  series = {Geophysical {{Research Abstracts}}}
}

@article{soderbergRisingPolicyConflicts2013,
  title = {Rising Policy Conflicts in {{Europe}} over Bioenergy and Forestry},
  author = {S{\"o}derberg, Charlotta and Eckerberg, Katarina},
  year = {2013},
  month = aug,
  volume = {33},
  pages = {112--119},
  issn = {1389-9341},
  doi = {10.1016/j.forpol.2012.09.015},
  abstract = {[Highlights]

[::] EU Bioenergy policy cuts across forest, agriculture, energy and transport sectors. [::] Increased pressure on forest biomass risks putting EU in a wood-deficit situation. [::] Bioenergy conflicts regard land use, biodiversity, climate and sustainability. [::] Conflicts on environmental consequences from bioenergy policy are reconcilable. [::] Conflicts on globally shared rights and responsibilities are not easily reconciled.

[Abstract] Growing concerns over emissions of green-house gases causing climate change as well as energy security concerns have spurred the interest in bioenergy production pushed by EU targets to fulfil the goal of 20~per cent renewable energy in 2020, as well as the goal of 10~per cent renewable fuels in transport by 2020. Increased bioenergy production is also seen to have political and economic benefits for rural areas and farming regions in Europe and in the developing world. There are, however, conflicting views on the potential benefits of large scale bioenergy production, and recent debates have also drawn attention to a range of environmental and socio-economic issues that may arise in this respect. One of these challenges will be that of accommodating forest uses - including wood for energy, and resulting intensification of forest management - with biodiversity protection in order to meet EU policy goals. We note that the use of biomass and biofuels spans over several economic sector policy areas, which calls for assessing and integrating environmental concerns across forest, agriculture, energy and transport sectors. In this paper, we employ frame analysis to identify the arguments for promoting bioenergy and assess the potential policy conflicts in the relevant sectors, through the analytical lens of environmental policy integration. We conclude that while there is considerable leverage of environmental arguments in favour of bioenergy in the studied economic sectors, and potential synergies with other policy goals, environmental interest groups remain sceptical to just how bioenergy is currently being promoted. There is a highly polarised debate particularly relating to biofuel production. Based on our analysis, we discuss the potential for how those issues could be reconciled drawing on the frame conflict theory, distinguishing between policy disagreements and policy controversies.},
  journal = {Forest Policy and Economics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11738844,~to-add-doi-URL,bioenergy,biomass,europe,forest-resources,ghg,science-policy-interface,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11738844}
}

@book{estreguilForestLandscapeEurope2013,
  title = {Forest Landscape in {{Europe}}: Pattern, Fragmentation and Connectivity},
  author = {Estreguil, Christine and Caudullo, Giovanni and {de Rigo}, Daniele and {San-Miguel-Ayanz}, Jes{\'u}s},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {25717},
  publisher = {{Publications Office of the European Union}},
  address = {{Luxembourg}},
  issn = {1831-9424},
  doi = {10.2788/77842},
  abstract = {The JRC demonstrated the feasibility to assess and report in a harmonized manner, forest landscape pattern and fragmentation in Europe, on the basis of an easily reproducible set of indices. Results were used in the Forest EUROPE, UN ECE and FAO joint ministerial reporting process on the protection of forests in Europe where data on forest pattern do not exist from national forest inventories. In the EU, 40\,\% of the forest lands are within a 100m distance from other lands, thus potentially less suitable as interior habitat and more likely to be exposed to invasive species, pests and diseases. Forest edges are also mainly (60\%) along intensive land uses. In Europe, 40\,\% of woodlands have in their 1km2 surroundings a mosaic landscape of other natural/semi-natural lands, agriculture and artificial lands, 15\,\% of woodlands are strongly fragmented by mainly intensive land uses. Landscapes with woodlands poorly connected represent 70\,\% of the European territory and are potentially more vulnerable to further fragmentation in the future. National profiles of forest pattern were also provided. The mitigation of ecosystem fragmentation is also important in new targets of the European Biodiversity strategy to 2020. By affecting ecological processes, fragmentation affects ecosystem services such as habitat provision, pollination, and has also an impact on pest propagation in different ways. Forest area is still increasing in Europe at an annual rate of 0.4\,\% but the JRC assessment showed that new forest areas do not always enhance connectivity. For example, in the Iberian Peninsula, the net forest gain in the 1990-2006 period had no impact on connectivity for nearly 10\,\% of the landscapes. Further, the forest fragmentation processes that were found need to be captured at landscape level. They consist of minor forest losses due to intensive agriculture, transport infrastructures, settlements and fires. These findings support the consideration of forest spatial pattern and fragmentation in sustainable forest management plans for a regional landscape planning of clearings and re/afforestation measures and for habitat provision ecosystem services, particularly in the context of climate change.},
  isbn = {978-92-79-28118-1},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12613694,~to-add-doi-URL,connectivity,europe,european-commission,forest-resources,fragmentation,landscape-modelling,mastrave-modelling-library,spatial-pattern},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12613694},
  series = {{{EUR}} - {{Scientific}} and {{Technical Research}}}
}

@article{belchior_explaining_2013,
	title = {Explaining {Left}–{Right} {Party} {Congruence} {Across} {European} {Party} {Systems}},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {0010-4140},
	doi = {10.1177/0010414012453695},
	abstract = {Empirical studies on representation have been based mainly on the descriptive analysis of levels of political or ideological congruence between MPs and voters. Very few studies focus on explaining congruence, and those that have done so do not explore all the explanatory dimensions. This article contributes to filling this gap by testing whether three theoretical models can explain left–right congruence among European parties. These models explore causality at the micro or individual level (the characteristics of voters and MPs), the meso level (party characteristics), and the macro or system level (party system and institutional characteristics). Based on data from the PIREDEU project, the study examines the party systems of the 27 countries of the European Union with reference to the 2009 European Parliament elections. The findings reveal that MP–voter congruence is best explained at the party level and by key MP candidate characteristics.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
	author = {Belchior, Ana Maria},
	month = mar,
	year = {2013},
	note = {Publisher: SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
	keywords = {Europe, MP candidates, congruence, left–right, political parties, voters},
	pages = {352--386},
}

@article{holusaPathogensBarkBeetle2013,
  title = {Pathogens of the Bark Beetle {{Ips}} Cembrae: Microsporidia and Gregarines Also Known from Other {{Ips}} Species},
  author = {Holu{\v s}a, J. and Luk{\'a}{\v s}ov{\'a}, K. and Wegensteiner, R. and Grodzki, W. and Pernek, M. and Weiser, J.},
  year = {2013},
  month = apr,
  volume = {137},
  pages = {181--187},
  issn = {1439-0418},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0418.2012.01717.x},
  abstract = {The objective of the current study was to identify pathogens of the large larch bark beetle, Ips cembrae, which is a secondary pest that has produced several local outbreaks across Europe in recent years. Beetles were collected from pheromone traps, trap trees and emergence traps (Larix decidua) during 2007 to 2011 at 10 study sites in central Europe. A total of 3379 mature and callow beetles were examined with a light microscope, and only two microsporidian pathogens [Chytridiopsis typographi and a diplokaryotic microsporidium (probably Nosema sp.)] and two gregarines (Gregarina typographi and Mattesia schwenkei) were found. Within the I.~cembrae populations, the infection rate for C.~typographi ranged from 2 to 58\,\%. Nosema sp. occurred in only two beetles in 2007 (at two study sites). G.~typographi was recorded only in Austria and Croatia and only in 1-2\,\% of the beetles in those countries. Mattesia schwenkei was observed solely in Croatia in 0.6\,\% of the beetles in that country. Only one fungal pathogen in the genus Fusarium was found and only in two mature beetles (0.7\%) in 2010. The pathogen species found during our study of I.~cembrae were very similar to the pathogens previously identified for Ips typographus. No species-specific pathogen was detected.},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Entomology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13796059,~to-add-doi-URL,chytridiopsis-typographi,europe,gregarina-typographi,ips-cembrae,ips-typographus,larix-decidua,mattesia-schwenkei,outbreaks},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13796059},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{ citeulike:12378515,
  abstract = {The {JRC} {PESETA} {II} study integrates the consequences of several separate climate change impacts into a macroeconomic {CGE} model. This enables comparison of the different impacts based on common metrics (household welfare and economic activity). The study uses a large set of climate model runs (twelve) and impact categories (agriculture, energy demand, river floods, sea-level rise, forest fires, transport infrastructure).
The results show that there is a wide dispersion of impacts across {EU} regions, with strong geographical asymmetries, depending on the specific impact category and climate future. For instance, Northern Central Europe has negative impacts mainly related to sea level rise and river floods while Southern Europe is affected mainly by agriculture. The study also explores the significance of transboundary effects (where climate change causes economic damages outside the region directly affected).},
  author = {Ciscar, J. C. and Feyen, L. and Soria, A. and Lavalle, C. and Perry, M. and Raes, F. and Nemry, F. and Demirel, H. and Rozsai, M. and Dosio, A. and Donatelli, M. and Srivastava, A. and Fumagalli, D. and Zucchini, A. and Shrestha, S. and Ciaian, P. and Himics, M. and Van Doorslaer, B. and Barrios, S. and Ib́{a}ñez, N. and Rojas, R. and Bianchi, A. and Dowling, P. and Camia, A. and Libert̀{a}, G. and San-Miguel-Ayanz, J. and de Rigo, D. and Caudullo, G. and Barredo, J. I. and Paci, D. and Pycroft, J. and Saveyn, B. and Van Regemorter, D. and Revesz, T. and Mubareka, S. and Baranzelli, C. and Rocha Gomes, C. and Lung, T. and Ibarreta, D.},
  booktitle = {Impacts World 2013 - International Conference on Climate Change Effects},
  citeulike-article-id = {12378515},
  citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.climate-impacts-2013.org/files/cwi_ciscar.pdf},
  citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/pik.2013.001},
  citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://scholar.google.it/scholar?cluster=3554762681150763424},
  citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2312/pik.2013.001},
  citeulike-linkout-4 = {http://www.climate-impacts-2013.org/files/cwi_ciscar.pdf},
  doi = {10.2312/pik.2013.001},
  keywords = {anthropogenic-impacts, assessment, climate, climate-change, economic-impacts, economics, europe, european-union, integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management, integration-techniques, multiauthor},
  location = {Postdam, Germany},
  month = {May},
  organization = {Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) e. V.},
  pages = {87--96},
  posted-at = {2013-05-30 01:23:43},
  priority = {2},
  title = {Climate impacts in Europe: an integrated economic assessment},
  url = {http://www.climate-impacts-2013.org/files/cwi_ciscar.pdf},
  year = {2013}
}

@article{seebachChoiceForestMap2012,
  title = {Choice of Forest Map Has Implications for Policy Analysis: A Case Study on the {{EU}} Biofuel Target},
  author = {Seebach, Lucia and McCallum, Ian and Fritz, Steffen and Kindermann, Georg and Leduc, Sylvain and B{\"o}ttcher, Hannes and Fuss, Sabine},
  year = {2012},
  month = oct,
  volume = {22},
  pages = {13--24},
  issn = {1462-9011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2012.04.010},
  abstract = {With the increasing availability of European and global forest maps, users are facing the difficult choice to select the most appropriate map for their purposes. Many of these maps are potential input datasets for forest-related applications for the European Union (EU), due to their spatial extent and harmonised approach at the European level. However, they possess different characteristics in terms of spatial detail or thematic accuracy. Little attention has been paid to the effect of these characteristics on simulation models and the resultant policy implications. In this study we tested whether the choice of a forest map has substantial influence on model output, i.e. if output differences can be related to the input differences. A sensitivity analysis of the spatially explicit Global Forest Model (G4M) was performed using four different forest maps: the pan-European high resolution forest/non-forest map (FMAP), the Corine Land Cover (CLC), the Calibrated European Forest Map (CEFM) and the Global Land Cover (GLC). Finally, the impact of potential differences owing to input datasets on decision-making was tested in a selected case study: reaching the EU 10\,\% biofuel target through enhanced utilization of forest biomass. The sensitivity analysis showed that the choice of the forest cover map has a major influence on the model outputs in particular at the country-level, while having less influence at the EU27 level. Differences between the input datasets are strongly reflected in the outputs. Similarly, depending on the choice of the input alternate options for decision-making were found within the hypothesized biofuel target (case study), demonstrating a substantial value of information. In general, it was demonstrated that input maps are the major driver of decision-making if forest resource outputs of the model are their basis. Improvement of the input forest map would result in immediate benefit for a better decision-making basis. \^a\textordmasculine{} Sensitivity analysis of a simulation model showed strong influence of forest maps. \^a\textordmasculine{} Strongest effect on model outputs at country-level, less influence at EU27 level. \^a\textordmasculine{} An EU biofuel case study found similar effect of forest maps on decision-making. \^a\textordmasculine{} Importance of careful choice of forest input maps for models is highlighted. \^a\textordmasculine{} Map improvement brings immediate benefit to decision-making policy process.},
  journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10900721,bioenergy,communicating-uncertainty,environmental-modelling,europe,forest-resources,mapping,modelling,science-based-decision-making,science-policy-interface,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10900721}
}

@article{hanewinkelClimateChangeMay2012,
  title = {Climate Change May Cause Severe Loss in the Economic Value of {{European}} Forest Land},
  author = {Hanewinkel, Marc and Cullmann, Dominik A. and Schelhaas, Mart-Jan and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan and Zimmermann, Niklaus E.},
  year = {2012},
  month = sep,
  volume = {3},
  pages = {203--207},
  issn = {1758-678X},
  doi = {10.1038/nclimate1687},
  abstract = {European forests, covering more than 2\,million\,km2 or 32\,\% of the land surface1, are to a large extent intensively managed and support an important timber industry. Climate change is expected to strongly affect tree species distribution within these forests2, 3. Climate and land use are undergoing rapid changes at present4, with initial range shifts already visible5. However, discussions on the consequences of biome shifts have concentrated on ecological issues6. Here we show that forecasted changes in temperature and precipitation may have severe economic consequences. On the basis of our model results, the expected value of European forest land will decrease owing to the decline of economically valuable species in the absence of effective countermeasures. We found that by 2100 -- depending on the interest rate and climate scenario applied -- this loss varies between 14 and 50\,\% (mean: 28\,\% for an interest rate of 2\%) of the present value of forest land in Europe, excluding Russia, and may total several hundred billion Euros. Our model shows that -- depending on different realizations of three climate scenarios -- by 2100, between 21 and 60\,\% (mean: 34\%) of European forest lands will be suitable only for a Mediterranean oak forest type with low economic returns for forest owners and the timber industry and reduced carbon sequestration.},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11401639,climate-change,economic-impacts,europe,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11401639},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@techreport{citeulike:14284151,
    abstract = {[Excerpt: Executive Summary]

Strategic discussions among {EEA} member countries and the main {EU} institutions
responsible for environmental policy, reporting and assessment have underlined an
increasing need for quantitative information on the state of the environment based on
timely, quality-assured data, concerning in particular land cover and land use. Based on
these requirements {EEA} has been collaborating since 2006 with the European
Commission and the European Space Agency on the implementation of a fast track
service on land monitoring as part of the implementation of {GMES}.

[\n] {CORINE} Land Cover 2006 is the third European Land Cover inventory (1990, 2000 and
2006). The number of participating countries is increasing, at present being nominally
39. New countries ({CH}, {IS}, {NO}, {TR}) not participating previous {CLC} inventories have
joined the project. Altogether 38 countries have implemented {CLC2006}. 

[\n] {CLC2006} project is co-financed by the {EEA} and the member countries, and covers 5.8
Mkm2 of the European continent. For production of {CLC}-Change2000-2006 database
 ” change-mapping first” visual photo-interpretation technology was successfully applied
by majority of countries. Scandinavian countries replaced part of labour-intensive photointerpretation
with {GIS} and image processing. {CLC2006} database was usually produced
in {GIS} by adding {CLC}-Change2000-2006 to revised {CLC2000}.

[\n] A Technical Team under {ETC}-{LUSI} was responsible for technical follow-up of the project,
i.e. training of national teams and verification of results. National teams used multitemporal
(2 coverages) {SPOT}-4/5 and/or {IRS}-P6 imagery to derive the minimum 5 ha
land cover changes that occurred between 2000 and 2006. Ortho-corrected satellite
images provided a solid geometrical basis for mapping land cover changes. Particular
emphasis was placed on mapping real change processes. Several national teams had
access to recent topographic maps and digital orthophotos as in-situ data. The standard
{CLC} nomenclature used since the mid 1980's was applicable, although minor
modifications were required due to involvement of new countries and occurrence of
specific changes. Recent report also presents examples of (1) typical cases of significant
change processes, and (2) typical mistakes, which have to be avoided.

[\n] Results of the {CLC2006} project ({CLC2006} and {CLC}-Change2000-2006 databases) are for free
available from the {EEA} for any users. Results show that land cover changed on 1.24\% of
the surface of Europe between 2000 and 2006, which is equivalent to the size of
Lithuania. Forestry changes (forest felling and growth) constitute the largest change
area, also providing the highest number of change polygons. Several policy-relevant
processes can be derived from the {CLC}-Change dataset based on Land Cover Flows, such
as urban sprawl, changes in agriculture and forestry, new water bodies etc. Portugal is
the country having far more the highest {CLC} dynamics: the change rate exceeds 1.4
\%/year between 2000 and 2006. On the other end, the less dynamic countries are Malta,
Switzerland and Slovenia having changed less than 0.01\%/year. The average yearly land
cover change value in Europe is 0.23\%.

[\n] Stratified random sampling was used for validating {CLC}-Change2000-2006. The obtained
87.82\%±3.30\% (commission error only) overall accuracy based on 2405 samples is
satisfying. Omissions were not possible to measure due to the very large sample size
required, being the consequence of small change percentage.

[\n] Additional testing of ten important level-3 changes (belonging to eight different Land
Cover Flows) showed that all but two change types have more than 85\% accuracy. Only
two change types were mapped with accuracy lower than 85\%: (1) growth of coniferous
forests; (2) pasture/set-aside land turned to arable land.

[\n] Main reasons of the 3-year-long implementation time are difficulties in providing national
contribution and long {GIS} integration time in some of the 38 participants.

[\n] [...]},
    author = {B\"{u}ttner, G. and Kosztra, B. and Maucha, G. and Pataki, R.},
    citeulike-article-id = {14284151},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14284151},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=101018774320527470},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.eea.europa.eu/ds\_resolveuid/GQ4JECM8TB},
    editor = {Erhard, Markus},
    institution = {European Environment Agency},
    keywords = {clc, corroboration, europe, land-cover, validation},
    posted-at = {2017-02-22 14:30:59},
    priority = {2},
    title = {{Implementation and
achievements of CLC2006}},
    url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14284151},
    year = {2012}
}

@article{stenlidEmergingDiseasesEuropean2011,
  title = {Emerging Diseases in {{European}} Forest Ecosystems and Responses in Society},
  author = {Stenlid, Jan and Oliva, Jon{\`a}s and Boberg, Johanna B. and Hopkins, Anna J. M.},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  volume = {2},
  pages = {486--504},
  issn = {1999-4907},
  doi = {10.3390/f2020486},
  abstract = {New diseases in forest ecosystems have been reported at an increasing rate over the last century. Some reasons for this include the increased disturbance by humans to forest ecosystems, changed climatic conditions and intensified international trade. Although many of the contributing factors to the changed disease scenarios are anthropogenic, there has been a reluctance to control them by legislation, other forms of government authority or through public involvement. Some of the primary obstacles relate to problems in communicating biological understanding of concepts to the political sphere of society. Relevant response to new disease scenarios is very often associated with a proper understanding of intraspecific variation in the challenging pathogen. Other factors could be technical, based on a lack of understanding of possible countermeasures. There are also philosophical reasons, such as the view that forests are part of the natural ecosystems and should not be managed for natural disturbances such as disease outbreaks. Finally, some of the reasons are economic or political, such as a belief in free trade or reluctance to acknowledge supranational intervention control. Our possibilities to act in response to new disease threats are critically dependent on the timing of efforts. A common recognition of the nature of the problem and adapting vocabulary that describe relevant biological entities would help to facilitate timely and adequate responses in society to emerging diseases in forests.},
  journal = {Forests},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-9105771,diseases,ecosystem,europe,forest-resources,society},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-9105771},
  number = {2}
}

@book{european_commission_using_2011,
	address = {Luxembourg},
	series = {European qualifications framework},
	title = {Using learning outcomes},
	isbn = {978-92-79-21085-3},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	publisher = {Publications Office},
	author = {{European Commission} and {Directorate-General for Education and Culture}},
	year = {2011},
	note = {OCLC: 1044360385},
	keywords = {Europe, Learning outcomes, Qualifications Framework},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{kaelin_care_2011,
	title = {Care drain: {The} political making of health worker migration},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {01975897},
	url = {https://search.proquest.com/docview/898815262?accountid=12507},
	doi = {10.1057/jphp.2011.43},
	abstract = {Migration of formal and informal health-care workers is a global phenomenon - and, as this article demonstrates, one that is produced by government policies and practices. Nurses and lesser-trained caregivers migrate from many lower-income countries to richer ones (including from the Philippines to the United States, from South Africa to England, from Central Asia to Turkey). Using the Austrian experience to illustrate how policies and lack of enforcement of labor laws lead to migration and mistreatment of health-care professionals and informal caregivers, this article recommends how to alleviate health-care staff shortages in Africa and elsewhere through policymaking in Europe and North America. Recognition of the political dimensions of health-care migration is the first step toward addressing ethical questions and damaging shortages of caregivers. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]},
	language = {English},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Public Health Policy},
	author = {Kaelin, Lukas},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	note = {Place: Basingstoke
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan},
	keywords = {Africa, Caregivers -- economics, Caregivers -- statistics \& numerical data, Elder care, Emigration \& Immigration -- legislation \& jurisprudence, Emigration \& Immigration -- trends, Europe, Global health, Health Personnel -- economics, Health Personnel -- statistics \& numerical data, Health Policy -- economics, Health care, Humans, Industrialized nations, Migration, North America, Personnel Selection, Philippines, Population Dynamics, Privatization, Provisions, Public Health And Safety, Recruitment, Upward mobility, Wages \& salaries, Workers, Workforce},
	pages = {489--98},
}

@inproceedings{buttnerEuropeanValidationLand2011,
  title = {European {{Validation}} of {{Land Cover Changes}} in {{CLC2006 Project}}},
  booktitle = {Remote {{Sensing}} and {{Geoinformation}} Not Only for {{Scientific Cooperation}}},
  author = {B{\"u}ttner, Gy{\"o}rgy and Maucha, Gergely and Kosztra, Barbara},
  editor = {Halounov{\'a}, Lena},
  year = {2011},
  abstract = {CORINE Land Cover 2006 is the third European Land Cover inventory (1990, 2000 and 2006). The number of participating countries is increasing, at present being nominally 39. New countries (CH, IS, NO, TR) not participating previous CLC inventories have joined the project. At the time of writing of this abstract (December 2010) 37 countries have finished CLC2006. CLC2006 project is co-financed by EEA and member countries, and covers 5.8 Mkm2 of the European continent. For production of CLC-Change2000-2006 database '' change-mapping first'' visual photo-interpretation technology was successfully applied by majority of countries. Scandinavian countries replaced part of labour-intensive photo-interpretation with GIS and image processing. CLC2006 database was usually produced in GIS by adding CLC-Change2000-2006 to revised CLC2000. A Technical Team under ETC-LUSI was responsible for technical follow-up of the project. National teams used multi-temporal (2 coverages) SPOT-4/5 and/or IRS-P6 imagery to interpret the minimum 5 ha land cover changes that occurred between 2000 and 2006. Ortho-corrected satellite images provided a solid geometrical basis for mapping land cover changes. Particular emphasis was placed on mapping real change processes. The standard CLC nomenclature applied since the mid 1980's was applicable, although minor modifications were required due to the involvement of new countries and occurrence of specific changes. Results show that land cover changed on 1.25\,\% of the surface of Europe between 2000 and 2006, which is equivalent to the size of Lithuania. Forestry changes (forest felling and growth) constitute the largest change area; they also provide the highest number of change polygons. The method of stratified random sampling was used for validating CLC-Change2000-2006. The obtained 87.8\%{$\pm$}3.3\,\% (commission error only) overall accuracy based on 2405 samples is satisfying. Omissions were not possible to measure due to the very large sample size required, being the consequence of small change percentage. Additional testing of ten important level-3 changes (belonging to eight different Land Cover Flows) showed that all but two change types have more than 85\,\% accuracy. The presentation introduces details of the applied validation methodology as well as some interesting land cover change examples.},
  isbn = {978-80-01-04868-9},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12738017,anthropogenic-changes,clc,europe,gis,land-cover,plausibility-check,validation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12738017}
}

@incollection{chiriciHarmonizationTests2011,
  title = {Harmonization Tests},
  booktitle = {National Forest Inventories: Contributions to Forest Biodiversity Assessments},
  author = {Chirici, Gherardo and McRoberts, Ronald E. and Winter, Susanne and Barbati, Anna and Br{\"a}ndli, Urs-Beat and Abegg, Meinrad and Beranova, Jana and Rondeux, Jacques and Bertini, Roberta and Alberdi Asensio, Iciar and Cond{\'e}s, Sonia},
  editor = {Chirici, Gherardo and Winter, Susanne and McRoberts, Ronald E.},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {121--190},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  issn = {1568-1319},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-0482-4\\_5},
  abstract = {Chapter 5 reports the results of testing the proposed procedures for harmonizing estimates of indicators for six of the seven essential features of forest biodiversity. Twenty indicators were tested using data from the common database.In general, positive results were obtained for forest categories, forest structure, forest age, deadwood, and naturalness; the results were less positive for ground vegetation because of the considerable differences in definitions and data acquisition methods. Of importance is, that the test focused on assessing harmonization procedures rather than on producing comprehensive estimates for particular countries or forest categories.},
  isbn = {978-94-007-0482-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14249004,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,europe,forest-inventories,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14249004},
  series = {Managing {{Forest Ecosystems}}}
}

@InCollection{	  1230460,
  author	= {De Roover, Jakob and Balagangadhara, S.N.},
  booktitle	= {Forjadores de la Tolerancia},
  editor	= {Villaverde Rico, María José and Laursen, John
		  Christian},
  isbn		= {9788430952182},
  keywords	= {Tolerance,Secularisation,Christian
		  theology,India,Europe,Protestantism},
  language	= {spa},
  pages		= {281--303},
  publisher	= {Tecnos},
  title		= {La paradoja de la tolerancia moderna en sus inicios: de
		  Europa a la India},
  year		= {2011}
}

@misc{oryan_m._update_2009,
	title = {Update on {Rotarix}: {An} oral human rotavirus vaccine},
	abstract = {Worldwide, rotaviruses are the single most important agents of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Globally, it is estimated that every year rotavirus gastroenteritis causes more than 125 million episodes of diarrhea and nearly 527,000 deaths, mainly in developing countries. The development of new effective and safe rotavirus vaccines was recognized as the most effective intervention strategy that could yield a significant impact on the burden of rotavirus disease. Rotarix is an oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine containing a single G1P[8] strain. The first oral dose may be administered as early as 6 weeks of age, with a minimum interval of 4 weeks prior to second dose; the vaccination course should be completed by the age of 24 weeks according to the manufacturer. In the USA, the upper age limit for the second dose has recently been recommended at 32 weeks of age by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. The development program for Rotarix including Phase I, II and III multicenter studies involving over 100,000 infants has been established in Latin America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The vaccine proved to be well tolerated, immunogenic, efficacious, safe and not associated with intussusception. It provided 85-96\% protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis caused by G1 and non-G1 serotypes in Latin American and European clinical trials; and of public health importance, Rotarix reduced hospitalizations of all-cause gastroenteritis by 40 and 75\%, respectively. Efficacy against G2P[4] strains ranged from 41\% in Latin America to 81\% in Europe. In the former, Rotarix afforded sustained high protection (80.5\%; 95\% CI: 71.3-87.1) against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in a region with a changing pattern of wild-type rotavirus circulation. In a recently completed vaccine trial in South Africa and Malawi, Rotarix showed an overall efficacy of 61.2\% (95\% CI: 44.0-73.2) by 1 year of age. Although these rates are lower than those from developed and middle-income countries, they look promising given the lack of other effective interventions. With the expanding introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs, postmarketing surveillance should be conducted to measure the impact of rotavirus vaccination, as well as continued monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains.  2009 Expert Reviews Ltd.},
	journal = {Expert Review of Vaccines},
	author = {{O'Ryan M.} and {Linhares A.C.}},
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {*Gastroenteritis/ep [Epidemiology], *Rotavirus vaccine/ad [Drug Administration], *Rotavirus vaccine/ct [Clinical Trial], *Rotavirus vaccine/do [Drug Dose], *Rotavirus vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy], *Rotavirus vaccine/dv [Drug Development], *Rotavirus vaccine/pd [Pharmacology], *Rotavirus vaccine/po [Oral Drug Administration], *gastroenteritis/dt [Drug Therapy], *gastroenteritis/pc [Prevention], *vaccination, Africa, Asia, Clinical trial, Diarrhea, Europe, Hospitalization, Human rotavirus, Immunogenicity, Intussusception, Malawi, Malnutrition, Serotype, South Africa, South and Central America, United States, advisory committee, death, developing country, drug cost, drug efficacy, drug industry, drug safety, drug tolerability, health program, human, immunization, multicenter study, nonhuman, placebo, postmarketing surveillance, prematurity, preventive health service, priority journal, protection, quality of life, recommended drug dose, review, virus infection/dt [Drug Therapy], virus strain, wild type},
}

@article{mucinaNewValidatedHighrank2009,
  title = {New and Validated High-Rank Syntaxa from {{Europe}}},
  author = {Mucina, Ladislav and Dengler, J{\"u}rgen and Bergmeier, Erwin and Carni, Andra{\v z} and Dimopoulos, Panayotis and Jahn, Ralf and Matevski, Vlado},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {30},
  pages = {267--276},
  abstract = {In the course of the compilation of a checklist of the high-rank syntaxa of Europe, it turned out that for several syntaxa no valid and legitimate names were available. With this contribution, we aim to solve some of the problems by publishing or validating seven syntaxon names (1 order, 5 alliances, 1 association) and by proposing a nomen novum for one illegitimate alliance name. The validations concern the Artemisio albi -Brometalia erecti (Festuco-Brometea; xerophytic basiphilous grasslands in subatlantic-submediterranean Europe), Dictamno albi-Ferulagion galbaniferae (Antherico ramosi-Geranietalia sanguinei, Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei; xerophytic basiphilous forest-edge communities of the Balkans and the SE Alps), Euphorbio taurinensis-Geranion lucidi (Geranio-Cardaminetalia hirsutae, Stellarietea mediae; short-lived nitrophilous forest edge communities of Macedonia), and Gentianello amarellae-Helictotrichion pratensis (Brometalia erecti, Festuco-Brometea; meso-xerophytic basiphilous grasslands of NW Europe). A new alliance, the Alkanno baeticae-Pinion halepensis (Quercetalia ilicis, Quercetea ilicis; pine forests on ultramafic soils on the island of Euboea), is described to replace the nomen dubium Alyssion euboei. The Alkanno baeticae-Pinetum halepensis is described as a new association to serve as the type of the Alkanno-Pinion. Finally, within the Poterietalia spinosi (Cisto-Micromerietea julianae), the Helichryso barrelieri-Phagnalion graeci (phrygana communities on noncalcareous substrates in the south Aegean region) is described as new to science, and the nomen novum Hyperico olympici-Cistion cretici (phrygana communities on non-calcareous substrates in northern Greece) is proposed to replace the illegitimate Cistion orientale.},
  journal = {Lazaroa},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13805502,europe,forest-resources,phytosociology,plant-communities},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13805502}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{banta_history_2009,
	title = {A history of health technology assessment at the {European} level},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1471-6348, 0266-4623},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-technology-assessment-in-health-care/article/history-of-health-technology-assessment-at-the-european-level/03BFF2B2A5787459E092B751FACAEF6A},
	doi = {10.1017/S0266462309090448},
	abstract = {This study summarizes the experience with health technology assessment (HTA) at the European level. Geographically, Europe includes approximately fifty countries with a total of approximately 730 million people. Politically, twenty-seven of these countries (500 million people) have come together in the European Union. The executive branch of the European Union is named the European Commission, which supports several activities, including research, all over Europe and in many other parts of the world. The European Commission has promoted HTA by several policy positions and has funded a series of projects aimed at strengthening HTA in Europe. Around fifteen of the European countries now have formal national programs on HTA and some also have regional public programs. All countries that are members of the European Union and do not have a national approach to HTA have an interest in becoming more involved. The HTA projects sponsored by the European Commission have focused on networking and collaboration among established agencies and institutions for HTA, however, also on capacity building, support, and facilitation in creating mechanisms for HTA in European countries that still do not have any program in the field.},
	number = {S1},
	urldate = {2017-08-18TZ},
	journal = {International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care},
	author = {Banta, David and Kristensen, Finn Børlum and Jonsson, Egon},
	month = jul,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Europe, Health planning, Health technology assessment, History},
	pages = {68--73}
}

@incollection{wujastyk_introduction_2008,
	address = {Albany},
	title = {Introduction},
	isbn = {978-0-7914-7489-1},
	abstract = {"Modern and Global Ayurveda provides an overview of the relatively recent history of Ayurveda in its modern and globalized forms. One of the traditional medical systems originating on the Indian subcontinent, Ayurveda is fast becoming a transnational phenomenon. Contributors to this volume include both scholars and practitioners of Ayurveda. The wide range of perspectives they offer include the philosophical, anthropological, sociopolitical, economic, biomedical, and pharmacological. Issues such as the ideological clashes between "clasical" and "modernized" Ayurveda, the "export" of Ayurvedic medical lore to Western countries, and the possible "reimport" of its adapted and reinterpreted contents are covered and prove particularly relevant to contemporary discussion on the integration of complementary and alternative health care."--BOOK JACKET.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Modern and {Global} {Ayurveda}. {Pluralism} and {Paradigms}},
	publisher = {State University of New York Press},
	author = {Wujastyk, Dagmar and Smith, Frederick M.},
	editor = {Wujastyk, Dagmar and Smith, Frederick M.},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Europe, History, History / Modern / 20th Century, History, 20th Century, History, 20th Century - Europe, History, 20th Century - India, History, 20th Century - United States, India, Medical / Alternative Medicine, Medical / General, Medicine, Ayurvedic, Medicine, Ayurvedic - Europe, Medicine, Ayurvedic - History, Medicine, Ayurvedic - India, Medicine, Ayurvedic - United States, Medicine, Ayurvedic - history - Europe, Medicine, Ayurvedic - history - India, Medicine, Ayurvedic - history - United States, Medicine, Ayurvedic/ Europe, Medicine, Ayurvedic/ History, Religion / Eastern, Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural, United States},
	pages = {1--28},
}

@book{lindnerImpactsClimateChange2008,
  title = {Impacts of Climate Change on {{European}} Forests and Options for Adaptation},
  author = {Lindner, Marcus and Schopf, Axel and Kremer, Antoine and Delzon, Sylvain and Barbati, Anna and Marchetti, Marco and Corona, Piermaria and {Garcia-Gonzalo}, Jordi and Kolstr{\"o}m, Marja and Green, Tim and Reguera, Ricardo and Maroschek, Michael and Seidl, Rupert and Lexer, Manfred J. and Netherer, Sigrid},
  year = {2008},
  address = {{Brussels}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] This study compiles and summarizes the existing knowledge about observed and projected impacts of climate change on forests in Europe and reviews options for forests and forestry to adapt to climate change. It has been commissioned by the Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Commission as an initial exploration of this complex issue. Forests are particularly sensitive to climate change, because the long life-span of trees does not allow for rapid adaptation to environmental changes. Adaptation measures for forestry need to be planned well in advance of expected changes in growing conditions because the forests regenerated today will have to cope with the future climate conditions of at least several decades, often even more than 100 years. Impacts of climate change and adaptation options were reviewed by synthesizing the existing knowledge from scientific literature, complemented with expert assessments. On-going and planned adaptation measures in EU27 Member States were surveyed with a questionnaire. The exposure to climate change was analysed by reviewing latest climate change scenario projections. The main impact factors affecting forests under climate change were reviewed. Next, the sensitivity to and potential impacts of climate change were analysed. After reviewing different components of the adaptive capacity of forests and forestry, vulnerability to climate change and related risks and opportunities were highlighted. Possible adaptation measures to respond to climate change were analysed. The results are presented for four main bioclimatic zones: Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, Temperate Continental, and the Mediterranean.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13350621,adaptation,climate-change,ecological-zones,europe,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13350621},
  series = {Report {{AGRI}}-2007-{{G4}}-06}
}

@techreport{europeaninformationsystemonforestgeneticresourcesDataStandardsDynamic2008,
  title = {Data Standards for Dynamic Gene Conservation Units of Forest Trees to Be Included into the {{EUFGIS}} Information System},
  author = {{European Information System on Forest Genetic Resources}},
  year = {2008},
  pages = {9},
  institution = {{EUFGIS (http://portal.eufgis.org), EUFORGEN Secretariat}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt]
[...] Data Standards (* indicates that this information is mandatory) and brief description

[::Country of the unit * ]
Country in which the unit is located

[::Unit number * (XXXNNNNN) ]
This number is the unique identifier of the unit described. [...]

[::National gene conservation unit number*  ]
Unit number from the national registry

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[::Latitude *]
The latitude of the centre of the unit

[::Longitude *]
The longitude of the centre of the unit

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[:: Year of collection of the field data entered*]
Year when the data on the unit was collected in the field.

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[::All  tree species growing in the unit*]
List of target and non target species growing in the unit, give full Latin name (genus, species, sub-species as appropriate) 

[::Target Species*]
Give full Latin name (genus, species, sub species as appropriate)

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[::Estimated share of the total area within the unit in which the species is occurring (\%)* ]

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  keywords = {~INRMM-MiD:z-RZJKZGST,conservation,europe,field-measurements,forest-resource-information,forest-resources,genetic-conservation,inventories,open-data,presence-absence},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:z-RZJKZGST}
}

@article{ciaisCarbonAccumulationEuropean2008,
  title = {Carbon Accumulation in {{European}} Forests},
  author = {Ciais, P. and Schelhaas, M. J. and Zaehle, S. and Piao, S. L. and Cescatti, A. and Liski, J. and Luyssaert, S. and {Le-Maire}, G. and Schulze, E. D. and Bouriaud, O. and Freibauer, A. and Valentini, R. and Nabuurs, G. J.},
  year = {2008},
  month = jun,
  volume = {1},
  pages = {425--429},
  issn = {1752-0894},
  doi = {10.1038/ngeo233},
  abstract = {European forests are intensively exploited for wood products, yet they also form a sink for carbon. European forest inventories, available for the past 50 years, can be combined with timber harvest statistics to assess changes in this carbon sink. Analysis of these data sets between 1950 and 2000 from the EU-15 countries excluding Luxembourg, plus Norway and Switzerland, reveals that there is a tight relationship between increases in forest biomass and forest ecosystem productivity but timber harvests grew more slowly. Encouragingly, the environmental conditions in combination with the type of silviculture that has been developed over the past 50 years can efficiently sequester carbon on timescales of decades, while maintaining forests that meet the demand for wood. However, a return to using wood as biofuel and hence shorter rotations in forestry could cancel out the benefits of carbon storage over the past five decades.},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-3156186,biomass,carbon-mitigation,climate-change,europe,forest-biomass,forest-resources,multiauthor,outdated-yield-tables,primary-productivity,wood-production},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-3156186},
  number = {7}
}

@article{muszbek_economic_2008-4,
	title = {Economic evaluation of sorafenib in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in {Canada}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1473-4877},
	doi = {10.1185/03007990802563706},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: A randomized phase III trial of sorafenib vs. placebo in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated that sorafenib significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) compared to placebo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A Markov model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sorafenib vs. best supportive care (BSC) in HCC from the perspective of the Canadian provincial Ministry of Health. The model followed survival and time to progression (TTP) in monthly cycles based on the extrapolation of patient level trial data. Health effects were expressed as life-years gained (LYG). Resource use included drugs, physician visits, laboratory tests, scans, and hospitalizations. Unit costs were gathered from public sources and were expressed in 2007 Canadian Dollars. Costs and effects were evaluated over a lifetime and discounted at 5\%. Results were presented as mean +/- standard deviation. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: LYG was longer for sorafenib (1.52 +/- 0.16 vs. 1.03 +/- 0.09 LYG/patient for sorafenib and BSC, respectively). The lifetime total costs were \$47,511 +/- 3 656 for sorafenib and \$10,376 +/- 1 649 for BSC, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of \$75,821/LYG, and deterministic ICER of \$75,759/LYG. The results were most sensitive to OS, TTP and BSC costs after progression. Sensitivity analyses results showed that the model was robust. CONCLUSIONS: The economic evaluation indicates that sorafenib is cost-effective as compared to BSC in HCC. Limitations include multiple data sources, use of expert opinion for resource use, and the lack of utility data.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Current Medical Research and Opinion},
	author = {Muszbek, N. and Shah, S. and Carroll, S. and McDonald, H. and Dale, P. and Maroun, J. and Knox, J.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {19032137},
	keywords = {Antineoplastic Agents, Benzenesulfonates, Canada, Carcinoma, Disease-Free Survival, Europe, Hepatocellular, Humans, Liver Neoplasms, Markov Chains, Models, Niacinamide, oncology, Phenylurea Compounds, Pyridines, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sorafenib, Survival Rate, Theoretical},
	pages = {3559--3569},
}

@book{europeancommissionSharedEnvironmentalInformation2008,
  title = {Towards a {{Shared Environmental Information System}} ({{SEIS}})},
  author = {{European Commission}},
  year = {2008},
  month = feb,
  publisher = {{Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions}},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11530353,europe,european-commission,information-systems,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,legislation,open-data},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11530353},
  number = {COM(2008) 46 final}
}

@techreport{europeanenvironmentagencyEuropeanForestTypes2007,
  title = {European Forest Types. {{Categories}} and Types for Sustainable Forest Management Reporting and Policy},
  author = {{European Environment Agency}},
  year = {2007},
  month = may,
  address = {{Copenhagen}},
  issn = {1725-2237},
  abstract = {The European forest types -- Categories and types for sustainable forest management reporting and policy presents the findings of a study carried out by an international consortium of experts aimed at providing the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (MCPFE) with an user-friendly forest types classification. The primary goal of the scheme is to improve the MCPFE reporting on sustainable forest management (SFM) in Europe, with special regard to forest type based SFM indicators.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13527299,classification,europe,forest-classification,forest-resources,forest-types,sustainability},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13527299}
}

@article{billeterIndicatorsBiodiversityAgricultural2007,
  title = {Indicators for Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes: A Pan-{{European}} Study},
  author = {Billeter, R. and Liira, J. and Bailey, D. and Bugter, R. and Arens, P. and Augenstein, I. and Aviron, S. and Baudry, J. and Bukacek, R. and Burel, F. and Cerny, M. and De Blust, G. and De Cock, R. and Diek{\"o}tter, T. and Dietz, H. and Dirksen, J. and Dormann, C. and Durka, W. and Frenzel, M. and Hamersky, R. and Hendrickx, F. and Herzog, F. and Klotz, S. and Koolstra, B. and Lausch, A. and Le Coeur, D. and Maelfait, J. P. and Opdam, P. and Roubalova, M. and Schermann, A. and Schermann, N. and Schmidt, T. and Schweiger, O. and Smulders, M. J. M. and Speelmans, M. and Simova, P. and Verboom, J. and Van Wingerden, W. K. R. E. and Zobel, M. and Edwards, P. J.},
  year = {2007},
  month = jul,
  volume = {45},
  pages = {141--150},
  issn = {0021-8901},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01393.x},
  abstract = {In many European agricultural landscapes, species richness is declining considerably. Studies performed at a very large spatial scale are helpful in understanding the reasons for this decline and as a basis for guiding policy. In a unique, large-scale study of 25 agricultural landscapes in seven European countries, we investigated relationships between species richness in several taxa, and the links between biodiversity and landscape structure and management. We estimated the total species richness of vascular plants, birds and five arthropod groups in each 16-km2 landscape, and recorded various measures of both landscape structure and intensity of agricultural land use. We studied correlations between taxonomic groups and the effects of landscape and land-use parameters on the number of species in different taxonomic groups. Our statistical approach also accounted for regional variation in species richness unrelated to landscape or land-use factors. The results reveal strong geographical trends in species richness in all taxonomic groups. No single species group emerged as a good predictor of all other species groups. Species richness of all groups increased with the area of semi-natural habitats in the landscape. Species richness of birds and vascular plants was negatively associated with fertilizer use. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that indicator taxa are unlikely to provide an effective means of predicting biodiversity at a large spatial scale, especially where there is large biogeographical variation in species richness. However, a small list of landscape and land-use parameters can be used in agricultural landscapes to infer large-scale patterns of species richness. Our results suggest that to halt the loss of biodiversity in these landscapes, it is important to preserve and, if possible, increase the area of semi-natural habitat.},
  journal = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-2428974,agricultural-land,biodiversity,biodiversity-indicator,europe,habitat-conservation,indicator-species,review-scopus-european-biodiversity-indicators,scopus-indexed,semi-natural-habitat},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-2428974},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {New Analysis of a Rat Feeding Study with a Genetically Modified Maize Reveals Signs of Hepatorenal Toxicity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {ANALYSIS of variance,CORN,EUROPE,EVALUATION,FEMALES,GENETICALLY modified foods,HEALTH risk assessment,HEPATOTOXICOLOGY,MONSANTO Co.,RATS,URINE},
 pages = {596-602},
 volume = {52},
 websites = {10.1007/s00244-006-0149-5,http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,url,uid&db=eih&AN=24731977&loginpage=Login.asp&site=ehost-live&scope=site},
 publisher = {Springer Science & Business Media B.V.},
 id = {f5f80385-b335-382c-9f38-4583cca86edb},
 created = {2012-01-05T13:09:04.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {1a467167-0a41-3583-a6a3-034c31031332},
 group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
 last_modified = {2012-10-26T12:52:02.000Z},
 tags = {GMO Foods},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 abstract = {Health risk assessment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) cultivated for food or feed is under debate throughout the world, and very little data have been published on mid- or long-term toxicological studies with mammals. One of these studies performed under the responsibility of Monsanto Company with a transgenic corn MON863 has been subjected to questions from regulatory reviewers in Europe, where it was finally approved in 2005. This necessitated a new assessment of kidney pathological findings, and the results remained controversial. An Appeal Court action in Germany (Münster) allowed public access in June 2005 to all the crude data from this 90-day rat-feeding study. We independently re-analyzed these data. Appropriate statistics were added, such as a multivariate analysis of the growth curves, and for biochemical parameters comparisons between GMO-treated rats and the controls fed with an equivalent normal diet, and separately with six reference diets with different compositions. We observed that after the consumption of MON863, rats showed slight but dose-related significant variations in growth for both sexes, resulting in 3.3% decrease in weight for males and 3.7% increase for females. Chemistry measurements reveal signs of hepatorenal toxicity, marked also by differential sensitivities in males and females. Triglycerides increased by 24–40% in females (either at week 14, dose 11% or at week 5, dose 33%, respectively); urine phosphorus and sodium excretions diminished in males by 31–35% (week 14, dose 33%) for the most important results significantly linked to the treatment in comparison to seven diets tested. Longer experiments are essential in order to indicate the real nature and extent of the possible pathology; with the present data it cannot be concluded that GM corn MON863 is a safe product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Séralini, Gilles-Eric and Cellier, Dominique and Vendomois, Joël},
 journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology},
 number = {4}
}

@inproceedings{salvatoriConservationStatusLarge2007,
  title = {Conservation Status of Large Carnivores in {{Europe}} and the Freedom within Frames Approach},
  booktitle = {Coexistence of {{Large Carnivores}} and {{Humans}}: {{Threat}} or {{Benefit}}? - {{Proceedings}} of the {{International Symposium}} Preceding the 54th {{CIC General Assembly}}},
  author = {Salvatori, Valeria and Boitani, Luigi and {von Arx}, Manuela and Linnell, John D. C.},
  editor = {Potts, Richard G. and Hecker, Krist{\'o}f},
  year = {2007},
  month = may,
  pages = {13--22},
  abstract = {The European populations of brown bear, Eurasian lynx, wolf and wolverine have increased in the last two decades. The only European large carnivore (LC) that has not seen an increase in its range is the Iberian lynx, which is the most endangered cat in the world. The reason for this general trend is to be found in a series of factors that span from a shift in land use patterns to a series of national and international legislations that regulate the management of habitats and species. Despite all these, the relationship between humans and LCs is not yet secured, and it is currently the main cause for controversial management approaches. A range of management schemes are in force in Europe for mitigating the conflicts between humans and LCs. They are applied under different levels of local participation and responsibility, and all of them are suited to local conditions. Nevertheless, LCs can cover large areas and long distances, often forming populations spread over more than one country. Thus the need for applying a regional view when acting at local scale is strong: the way ahead appears to be that local actions should be taken with a view at population level.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037774,biodiversity,canis-lupus,carnivores,europe,gulo-gulo,lynx-lynx,mapping,species-distribution,ursus-arctos},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14037774}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{cohen_european_2006,
	title = {European public acceptance of euthanasia: {Socio}-demographic and cultural factors associated with the acceptance of euthanasia in 33 {European} countries},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {0277-9536},
	shorttitle = {European public acceptance of euthanasia},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953606000669},
	doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.01.026},
	abstract = {In many European countries, the last decade has been marked by an increasing debate about the acceptability and regulation of euthanasia and other end-of-life decisions in medical practice. Growing public sensibility to a ‘right to die’ for terminally ill patients has been one of the main constituents of these debates. Within this context, we sought to describe and compare acceptance of euthanasia among the general public in 33 European countries. We used the European Values Study data of 1999–2000 with a total of 41125 respondents (63\% response rate) in 33 European countries. The main outcome measure concerned the acceptance of euthanasia (defined as ‘terminating the life of the incurably sick’, rated on a scale from 1 to 10). Results showed that the acceptance of euthanasia tended to be high in some countries (e.g. the Netherlands, Denmark, France, Sweden), while a markedly low acceptance was found in others (e.g. Romania, Malta and Turkey). A multivariate ordinal regression showed that weaker religious belief was the most important factor associated with a higher acceptance; however, there were also socio-demographic differences: younger cohorts, people from non-manual social classes, and people with a higher educational level tended to have a higher acceptance of euthanasia. While religious belief, socio-demographic factors, and also moral values (i.e. the belief in the right to self-determination) could largely explain the differences between countries, our findings suggest that perceptions regarding euthanasia are probably also influenced by national traditions and history (e.g. Germany). Thus, we demonstrated clear cross-national differences with regard to the acceptance of euthanasia, which can serve as an important basis for further debate and research in the specific countries.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2020-04-18},
	journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
	author = {Cohen, Joachim and Marcoux, Isabelle and Bilsen, Johan and Deboosere, Patrick and van der Wal, Gerrit and Deliens, Luc},
	month = aug,
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {Attitudes of general public, Cross-national research, Empirical study, Europe, European values, Euthanasia},
	pages = {743--756},
}

@article{lowExtraordinaryDrought20032006,
  title = {Extraordinary Drought of 2003 Overrules Ozone Impact on Adult Beech Trees ( {{Fagus}} Sylvatica )},
  author = {L{\"o}w, M. and Herbinger, K. and Nunn, A. J. and H{\"a}berle, K. H. and Leuchner, M. and Heerdt, C. and Werner, H. and Wipfler, P. and Pretzsch, H. and Tausz, M. and Matyssek, R.},
  year = {2006},
  month = sep,
  volume = {20},
  pages = {539--548},
  issn = {0931-1890},
  doi = {10.1007/s00468-006-0069-z},
  abstract = {The extraordinary drought during the summer of 2003 in Central Europe allowed to examine responses of adult beech trees ( Fagus sylvatica ) to co-occurring stress by soil moisture deficit and elevated O 3 levels under forest conditions in southern Germany. The study comprised tree exposure to the ambient O 3 regime at the site and to a twice-ambient O 3 regime as released into the canopy through a free-air O 3 fumigation system. Annual courses of photosynthesis ( A max ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), electron transport rate (ETR) and chlorophyll levels were compared between 2003 and 2004, the latter year representing the humid long-term climate at the site. ETR, A max and g s were lowered during 2003 by drought rather than ozone, whereas chlorophyll levels did not differ between the years. Radial stem increment was reduced in 2003 by drought but fully recovered during the subsequent, humid year. Comparison of AOT40, an O 3 exposure-based risk index of O 3 stress, and cumulative ozone uptake (COU) yielded a linear relationship throughout humid growth conditions, but a changing slope during 2003. Our findings support the hypothesis that drought protects plants from O 3 injury by stomatal closure, which restricts O 3 influx into leaves and decouples COU from high external ozone levels. High AOT40 erroneously suggested high O 3 risk under drought. Enhanced ozone levels did not aggravate drought effects in leaves and stem.},
  journal = {Trees - Structure and Function},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11379882,adaptation,climate-change,droughts,europe,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,ozone},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11379882},
  number = {5}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {European population substructure: clustering of northern and southern populations.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Arthritis, Rheumatoid,Arthritis, Rheumatoid: genetics,Cluster Analysis,Europe,Europe: ethnology,European Continental Ancestry Group,European Continental Ancestry Group: genetics,Gene Frequency,Genetic Markers,Genetics, Population,Humans,Jews,Jews: genetics,Lactase,Lactase: deficiency,New York,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: genetics,Reproducibility of Results},
 pages = {e143},
 volume = {2},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1564423&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {9},
 day = {15},
 id = {a1cd57d8-8feb-3e70-8e33-05d94d2a8d0c},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:46:16.494Z},
 accessed = {2012-10-16},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:46:16.740Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Using a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, we observed population structure in a diverse group of Europeans and European Americans. Under a variety of conditions and tests, there is a consistent and reproducible distinction between "northern" and "southern" European population groups: most individual participants with southern European ancestry (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek) have >85% membership in the "southern" population; and most northern, western, eastern, and central Europeans have >90% in the "northern" population group. Ashkenazi Jewish as well as Sephardic Jewish origin also showed >85% membership in the "southern" population, consistent with a later Mediterranean origin of these ethnic groups. Based on this work, we have developed a core set of informative SNP markers that can control for this partition in European population structure in a variety of clinical and genetic studies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Seldin, Michael F and Shigeta, Russell and Villoslada, Pablo and Selmi, Carlo and Tuomilehto, Jaakko and Silva, Gabriel and Belmont, John W and Klareskog, Lars and Gregersen, Peter K},
 journal = {PLoS genetics},
 number = {9}
}

@misc{botha_j.f._small_2006,
	title = {Small bowel transplantation: {Literature} review 2003-2005},
	abstract = {The rapid expansion of the volume of peer reviewed publications in recent years, including a large increase in the number of new biomedical journals, makes it difficult for the practicing clinician to stay up to date with the medical literature. This review is part of a new series that will provide succinct summaries of the recent medical literature in the field of pediatric transplantation. In this review, we summarize important articles in the field of pediatric intestine transplantation that have been published over the last 21/2; years (2003-2005). The review is intended to be comprehensive but not exhaustive.  2005 Blackwell Munksgaard.},
	journal = {Pediatric Transplantation},
	author = {{Botha J.F.} and {Horslen S.P.}},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {*Hirschsprung disease/su [Surgery], *graft rejection/co [Complication], *graft rejection/dt [Drug Therapy], *graft rejection/pc [Prevention], *granzyme B/ec [Endogenous Compound], *immunosuppressive agent/cb [Drug Combination], *immunosuppressive agent/dt [Drug Therapy], *immunosuppressive treatment, *intestine transplantation, *perforin/ec [Endogenous Compound], *short bowel syndrome/su [Surgery], Adenovirus, Adult, Asia, B lymphocyte, Canada, Child, Europe, Incidence, Middle East, OKT 3/cb [Drug Combination], OKT 3/dt [Drug Therapy], South America, T lymphocyte, United States, abdominal wall, aciclovir/cb [Drug Combination], aciclovir/dt [Drug Therapy], aciclovir/po [Oral Drug Administration], acute graft rejection/co [Complication], acute graft rejection/dt [Drug Therapy], age distribution, alemtuzumab/cb [Drug Combination], alemtuzumab/dt [Drug Therapy], apoptosis, azathioprine/cb [Drug Combination], azathioprine/dt [Drug Therapy], basiliximab/cb [Drug Combination], basiliximab/dt [Drug Therapy], blood group ABO system, body weight, chronic graft rejection/co [Complication], chronic graft rejection/dt [Drug Therapy], corticosteroid/cb [Drug Combination], corticosteroid/dt [Drug Therapy], cyclophosphamide/cb [Drug Combination], cyclophosphamide/dt [Drug Therapy], cytomegalovirus infection/co [Complication], cytotoxic T lymphocyte, daclizumab/cb [Drug Combination], daclizumab/dt [Drug Therapy], death, food allergy/co [Complication], ganciclovir/cb [Drug Combination], ganciclovir/dt [Drug Therapy], ganciclovir/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration], graft survival, histopathology, human, ileostomy, immunohistochemistry, immunotherapy, interleukin 2 receptor/ec [Endogenous Compound], intestine biopsy, intestine brush border, irradiation, length of stay, liver transplantation, living donor, microvillus inclusion disease/su [Surgery], mortality, mycophenolic acid 2 morpholinoethyl ester/cb [Drug Combination], mycophenolic acid 2 morpholinoethyl ester/dt [Drug Therapy], natural killer T cell, opportunistic infection/co [Complication], parenteral nutrition, peer review, prognosis, quality of life, rapamycin/cb [Drug Combination], rapamycin/dt [Drug Therapy], review, risk factor, rotavirus, sclerosing peritonitis/co [Complication], survival rate, systematic review, tacrolimus/cb [Drug Combination], tacrolimus/dt [Drug Therapy], thymocyte antibody/cb [Drug Combination], thymocyte antibody/dt [Drug Therapy], transplantation tolerance, twins, vascular disease/co [Complication], vascular disease/dt [Drug Therapy], vascular disease/pc [Prevention], viral gastroenteritis/co [Complication], viral gastroenteritis/dt [Drug Therapy], viral gastroenteritis/et [Etiology], viral gastroenteritis/pc [Prevention]},
}

@book{europeancommissionCollaborationWork20062006,
  title = {Collaboration@{{Work}}: The 2006 Report on New Working Environments and Practices},
  author = {{European Commission}},
  year = {2006},
  publisher = {{Office for Official Publications of the European Communities}},
  issn = {1725-3101},
  isbn = {92-79-01411-0},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11327787,cooperation,europe,fp7-european-research-project,free-scientific-knowledge,reproducible-research},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11327787}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Global sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Acid Rain,Aerosols,Animals,Asia,Climate,Environmental Exposure,Environmental Exposure: history,Environmental Pollutants,Environmental Pollutants: history,Europe,History, 19th Century,History, 20th Century,Humans,Predictive Value of Tests,Sulfur Compounds,Sulfur Compounds: economics,Sulfur Compounds: metabolism,World Health},
 pages = {163-75},
 volume = {58},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15571748},
 month = {1},
 id = {201f641a-5b38-3b69-b69f-82d15752aced},
 created = {2014-05-31T04:14:04.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-05-26},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9edae5ec-3a23-3830-8934-2c27bef6ccbe},
 group_id = {63e349d6-2c70-3938-9e67-2f6483f6cbab},
 last_modified = {2014-11-19T06:02:42.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The ASL database provides continuous time-series of sulfur emissions for most countries in the World from 1850 to 1990, but academic and official estimates for the 1990s either do not cover all years or countries. This paper develops continuous time series of sulfur emissions by country for the period 1850-2000 with a particular focus on developments in the 1990s. Global estimates for 1996-2000 are the first that are based on actual observed data. Raw estimates are obtained in two ways. For countries and years with existing published data I compile and integrate that data. Previously published data covers the majority of emissions and almost all countries have published emissions for at least 1995. For the remaining countries and for missing years for countries with some published data, I interpolate or extrapolate estimates using either an econometric emissions frontier model, an environmental Kuznets curve model, or a simple extrapolation, depending on the availability of data. Finally, I discuss the main movements in global and regional emissions in the 1990s and earlier decades and compare the results to other studies. Global emissions peaked in 1989 and declined rapidly thereafter. The locus of emissions shifted towards East and South Asia, but even this region peaked in 1996. My estimates for the 1990s show a much more rapid decline than other global studies, reflecting the view that technological progress in reducing sulfur based pollution has been rapid and is beginning to diffuse worldwide.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stern, David I},
 journal = {Chemosphere},
 number = {2}
}

@article{sollaScreeningEuropeanElms2005a,
  title = {Screening {{European Elms}} for {{Resistance}} to {{Ophiostoma}} Novo-Ulmi},
  author = {Solla, Alejandro and Bohnens, J{\"u}rgen and Collin, Eric and Diamandis, Stephanos and Franke, Albrecht and Gil, Luis and Bur{\'o}n, Margarita and Santini, Alberto and Mittempergher, Lorenzo and Pinon, Jean and Broeck, An V.},
  year = {2005},
  month = apr,
  volume = {51},
  pages = {134--141},
  issn = {0015-749X},
  abstract = {Resistance breeding of the native elms against Dutch elm disease, caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, is a major objective in Europe for the conservation of this tree species. More than 2,500 cuttings of 324 elm clones (Ulmus minor Miller, U. glabra Huds., U. laevis Pall., U. pumila L., U. minor x U. glabra, and U. minor x U. pumila) from eight European countries, planted in several randomized two-block designed plots were inoculated with various O. novo-ulmi strains. Crown wilting and dieback were recorded during the first year after inoculation. The wilting of the control trees varied among the plots, making the results difficult to compare, but analysis of variance (ANOVA) within each plot showed significant differences in disease severity among the clones tested, allowing study of the variation of the response among elm taxa. Results showed that 19 European inoculated clones recovered from O. novo-ulmi attack, giving hope for the reestablishment of native elms in countryside hedges and forests. FOR. SCI. 51(2):134-141.},
  journal = {Forest Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-160792,europe,forest-pests,forest-resources,ulmus-glabra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-160792},
  number = {2}
}

@article{araujoWouldClimateChange2004,
  title = {Would Climate Change Drive Species out of Reserves? {{An}} Assessment of Existing Reserve-Selection Methods},
  author = {Araujo, Miguel B. and Cabeza, Mar and Thuiller, Wilfried and Hannah, Lee and Williams, Paul H.},
  year = {2004},
  month = sep,
  volume = {10},
  pages = {1618--1626},
  issn = {1354-1013},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00828.x},
  abstract = {Concern for climate change has not yet been integrated in protocols for reserve selection. However if climate changes as projected, there is a possibility that current reserve-selection methods might provide solutions that are inadequate to ensure species' long-term persistence within reserves. We assessed, for the first time, the ability of existing reserve-selection methods to secure species in a climate-change context. Six methods using a different combination of criteria (representation, suitability and reserve clustering) are compared. The assessment is carried out using European distributions of 1200 plant species and considering two extreme scenarios of response to climate change: no dispersal and universal dispersal. With our data, 6-11\,\% of species modelled would be potentially lost from selected reserves in a 50-year period. Measured uncertainties varied in 6\,\% being 1-3\,\% attributed to dispersal assumptions and 2-5\,\% to the choice of reserve-selection method. Suitability approaches to reserve selection performed best, while reserve clustering performed poorly. We also found that 5\,\% of species modelled would lose their entire climatic envelope in the studied area; 2\,\% of the species modelled would have nonoverlapping distributions; 93\,\% of the species modelled would maintain varying levels of overlapping distributions. We conclude there are opportunities to minimize species' extinctions within reserves but new approaches are needed to account for impacts of climate change on species; especially for those projected to have temporally nonoverlapping distributions.},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-201812,~to-add-doi-URL,climate-change,clustering,conservation,europe,species-dispersal,species-distribution,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-201812},
  number = {9}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@book{citeulike:13687805,
    abstract = {For the first time, a synthesis on the research work done in Europe on all Bark And Wood Boring Insects In Living Trees ({BAWBILT}) is presented. As final product of a four-year research project gathering together 100 scientists from 24 countries, the book is the fruit of a real collective synthesis in which all European specialists have participated. It reviews and comments on all the European literature, while considering the biological (trees, insects, associated organisms, and their relationships) and forest management aspects. However, although focused on the European forest, it also compares the available information and interpretations to those concerning similar species in other continents. It ends with propositions of research priorities for Europe. The book is directed to all scientists and students concerned with forest entomology and ecology, as well as to forest managers and all scientific public interested in forest biology.},
    author = {Lieutier, F. and Day, K. R. and Battisti, A. and Gr\'{e}goire, J. C. and Evans, H. F. and Faccoli, M. and Kn\'{\i}\v{z}ek, M. and Beaver, R. and Sauvard, D. and Byers, J. A. and Kenis, M. and Wermelinger, B. and Nordlander, G. and Kenis, M. and Halldorson, G. and Wegensteiner, R. and Griffin, C. T. and Moraal, L. G. and Pajares, J. A. and Hilszczanski, J.},
    citeulike-article-id = {13687805},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13687805},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2241-8},
    citeulike-linkout-2 = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=16314186685565891486},
    citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/978-94-017-4314-3},
    comment = {== Additional information ==

* Information:700px: https://archive.is/hXGjK\#1.5\%
* ReadMore: http://extras.springer.com/2004/978-94-017-4314-3
},
    doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-2241-8},
    editor = {Lieutier, F. and Day, K. R. and Battisti, A. and Gr\'{e}goire, J. C. and Evans, H. F.},
    isbn = {978-1-4020-2241-8},
    keywords = {agrilus-spp, anoplophora-glabripennis, aradus-cinnamommeus, bark-beetle, bracon-hylobii, ceratocystis-spp, coeloides-bostrichorum, coroebus-florentinus, cossus-cossus, cryphalus-piceae, dendroctonus-micans, dioryctria-splendidella, europe, featured-publication, forest-pests, forest-resources, hylastes-cunicularius, hylobius-abietis, ips-spp, leptographium-spp, medetera-signaticornis, monochamus-galloprovincialis, ophiostoma-spp, paranthrene-tabaniformis, pesotum-synnemata, phaenops-spp, phaeostigma-notata, phloeosinus-spp, phytobia-betulae, pissodes-spp, pityogenes-chalcographus, review, rhopalicus-tutela, rhyacionia-buoliana, rhyssa-persuasoria, roptrocerus-xylophagorum, saperda-scalaris, scolytus-spp, sesia-apiformis, tetropium-castaneum, thanasimus-formicarius, tomicobia-seitneri, tomicus-spp, urocerus-gigas, xylosandrus-germanus, xyloterus-lineatus, zeuzera-pyrina},
    posted-at = {2015-07-28 15:26:46},
    priority = {2},
    publisher = {Springer},
    title = {{Bark and wood boring insects in living trees in Europe, a synthesis}},
    url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13687805},
    year = {2004}
}

@article{
 title = {Differences in disease frequency between Europeans and Polynesians: directions for future research into genetic risk factors},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/ethnology/gen,Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/ethnology/genet,Comparative Study,Cross-Sectional Studies,Ethnic Groups/*genetics,Europe,Female,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*ethnology,Human,Male,Mental Disorders/epidemiology/ethnology/genetics,Neoplasms/epidemiology/ethnology/genetics,Polynesia,Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/ethnolog,Risk Factors,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {129-56.},
 volume = {8},
 id = {d2b1e45e-388c-3f80-aade-5bb60895ae60},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:59.928Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:00.074Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Academic</m:note>},
 abstract = {The purpose of this review is to identify complex genetic diseases that might be common in Polynesian ethnic groups because of a high frequency of susceptibility genes. Since a number of Polynesian ethnic groups are descended from recent founder populations, they may be especially suitable for studies designed to identify these genes. We have reviewed the epidemiological literature looking for diseases that i) have a higher frequency in at least two Polynesian groups than in Europeans living in the same geographic areas, ii) are not at high frequency in Polynesia entirely because of high levels of known environmental risk factors, and iii) are known to be inherited in other ethnic groups. Twenty-one diseases fulfilling these three criteria were identified. It may be possible to design studies to identify the genes that cause these diseases in Polynesian ethnic groups.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abbott, W and Scragg, R and Marbrook, J},
 journal = {Pac Health Dialog},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@techreport{citeulike:13546849,
    abstract = {[Excerpt] In the task sharing established at the Preparatory Meeting of the Study
Programme on European Spatial Planning ({SPESP}), Brussels, 7 December 1998,
it was agreed that the Work Group in charge of the development of theme 1.6,
Indicators on Natural Assets, would be made up of the National Focal Points
({NFP}'s) of Spain and Denmark. Furthermore, it was planned that the work
would be carried out in close collaboration with the European Environment
Agency ({EEA}), given the obvious relationship of this organisation with the
theme under study.
Apart from this initial work structure we cannot overlook the
contributions received from the rest of the {NFP}'s, both as regards the various
documents drawn up throughout the course of 1999, and also with respect to
the survey on the proposed indicators prepared by this Work Group during the
month of June. We should not forget the dozen of meetings of co-ordination of
the Spanish Team (Oviedo, Madrid, Zamora...) that without a doubt helped to
clarify numerous aspects.
The short period of time available, along with some other inconveniences,
has prevented the results achieved reaching as far as this Work Group would
have wished. Nevertheless, the final evaluation of this first phase of the {SPESP}
has been very positive. If we take into account the complexity of the object
under study, the European territory, we are of the opinion that a lot of ground
has been covered and that it has been possible to achieve certain basic
principles that will noticeably help the continuance of the work and that the
European Spatial Development Perspective ({ESDP}) will manage to acquire a
technical and practical dimension that will complement the political.
During the development period of the work three Draft Reports have been
drawn up coinciding with the Meetings of the {NFP}: Stockholm, in February
1999, Nijmegen, in June 1999 and Rome, in October 1999. These documents have attempted to outline and define a realistic indicator proposal which
maintained a certain technical and scientific coherence.
In this document we carry out a brief review of the ground that has been
covered and specify the main conclusions arrived at in that which refers to
theme 1.6 Natural Assets. This summary extracts the most relevant aspects
contained in the three Draft Reports drawn up to date, of the contributions of
the {EEA} and the {NFP}'s, as well as of the co-ordinator, above all, through the
enlightening meetings. [...]


[Conclusions] The conclusions  that can be drawn following the first phase of the {ESDP} Programme of Studies, at least from the standpoint of  ” Natural Assets” indicators, should be limited to expounding some reflections on the construction of a system of indicators. The state of the work underway does not allow for a reliable diagnosis and therefore, to determine spatial conclusions and territorial implications would be extremely risky without a solid base upon which to base them. Therefore, some final reflections regarding the work and the proposal put forth are included under this heading:
[Environmental focus] Having carried out a detailed analysis of the various {ESDP} official documents, it has been observed that the objectives and the focus pursued greatly exceed the concept of natural assets that was originally intended to be used in Topic 1 of the Study Programme. These official documents (Noordwijk and Potsdam) adopt an environmental vision of the European territory. The most important environmental studies that exist with regard to the European territory (among which the  ” Dobris Assessment, on the environment in Europe” and  ” Europe's Environment: The Second Assessment” can be highlighted) confirmed the need to adopt this point of view. By limiting the scope of study to strictly include natural assets, numerous aspects, which are of vital importance to spatial differentiation, are ignored. Therefore, the first conclusion arrived at is to overcome the natural assets focus and to adopt an environmental vision.
[Conceptual framework] Once the decision to use an environmental focus was made, the main proposals of existing systems of environmental indicators were gathered together. From among them, and for various reasons, we can highlight those elaborated by the following organisations: European Environment Agency, {U.S}. Environment Protection Agency, United Nations Department for Policy Co- ordination and Sustainable Development, or those elaborated by the {OECD}. Although with some variations, a coincidence can be observed in the conceptual framework ({Pressure/State}/Response). For those reasons, and in order to maintain a certain methodological consistency, it was decided that this structure be adopted. Despite more complex ways of focussing on this issue (Driving {Force/Pressure}/{State/Impact}/Response), we consider that this structure, due to its simplicity, can perfectly satisfy the needs of this project.
[Primary indicators] Taking documentary sources and the systems of indicators consulted as a starting point, a long list of indicators, which we term primary indicators, in which all the indicators of use for carrying out an environmental characterisation of Europe were compiled. Said list is organised by subject (atmospheric, inland waters, coastal and marine environments...). In this way it hopes to maintain a certain scientific scrupulousness and to effect an initial spatial approach taking into account all the territorial characteristics. At this point a direct relationship between the {ESDP} environmental indicators and the future European system of environmental indicators must be established. We believe that the list of primary indicators might be made up of said European system of environmental indicators on which the {EEA} is already working. For this it would be necessary to achieve compatibility, at least for certain indicators, above all in areas such as resolution or scale that made it possible to undertake the territorial analysis. Adopting this outline would at the same time allow for an improvement in the definition and quality of spatial indicators.
[Synthetic indicators] The list of primary indicators is very long and exceeds the needs and objectives of the {ESDP}. For this reason the task of elaborating a proposal that could be viable and appropriate for the project was undertaken. The objective was to create a short list of aggregate or synthetic indicators, attempting to conserve the main approach initially established. To do so, in addition to the consideration made for the indicators in the {ESDP} official documents as a whole, the following conditions were taken into account:
[::] They should be spatial indicators, with territorial implications and serve as spatial differentiation criteria. It is not a question of making an environmental diagnosis of Europe, and therefore it is not a typical system of environmental indicators. In practice, it becomes a predominance of the territorial characteristics of the information (in this way, for example and from this perspective, the sources of polluting gases is of greater interest than air quality).
[::] The need to combine the indicators in this area with other spatial differentiation criteria must be remembered. In practice, this means adjusting to spatial units, which are different from those of the natural processes, which can bring about problems. The danger of detracting from the results, since some of the processes are very localised spatially, whereas others cross regional and national borders and has effects in far-off territories.
[::] The need to specify a limited number of indicators to make the system as such viable. This meant selecting issues and giving up some problems or natural characteristics of great relevance for a system of environmental indicators.
[::] The data sources must have European coverage. The use of national data sources or sources of some other territorial area is therefore ruled out. After several revisions, the list of indicators proposed is made up of 12 synthetic indicators that we believe can cover the {ESDP} needs. These 12 indicators are:
[\n] S1, Pressures on the environment (Pressure)
[\n] S2, Emissions of polluting gases (Pressure)
[\n] S3, Water quality (State)
[\n] S4, Water resources (State)
[\n] S5, Coastal value (State)
[\n] S6, Ecosystem diversity (State)
[\n] S7, Biodiversity (State)
[\n] S8, Value according to directive {92/43/CEE} (State)
[\n] S9, Potential productivity (State)
[\n] S10, Natural hazards (State)
[\n] S11, Threats on natural resources (State)
[\n] S12, Designated or protected areas (Response)
[\n] We have managed to carry out a trial for six of these indicators. The objective was to have indicators available in the area of  ” natural assets” in order to cross check them with indicators for the other spatial differentiation criteria and obtain some preliminary results. The indicators for which it has been possible to do some kind of trial are:
[::] S1, Pressures on the environment
[::] S2, Emissions of polluting gases acidifying gases
[::] S5, Coastal value
[::] S6, Ecosystem diversity
[::] S10, Natural hazards
[::] S12, Designated or protected areas Many different sources of data of methods have been used for these trials. Therefore, the need to reduce the number of indicators has meant that some of them refer to complex processes and concepts, or are the result of the joint treatment of several data bases, on occasions of different characteristics (ecosystem diversity; pressures on the environment). On the other hand, there have been several factors that have reduced reliability from the results of the trials. From among the most important ones, worthy of special mention are: inadequate data sources, or ones that do not cover the whole territory under study; not having passed a process of validation; using the {NUTS} 2 which is too extensive for the objectives of this project in the case of environmental variables. We therefore understand that these trials have only served as an initial approach and perhaps as a starting point for discussion. In other words, it is not possible to draw reliable territorial conclusions from them.
[Scale and resolution of the analysis] It is important to adequately define the scale of spatial analysis (figure 9). This aspect is vitally important to the results of the project. Perhaps in other areas, such as economic or social analyses, the analysis using large spatial administrative units can obtain reliable results. Nevertheless, when dealing with environmental issues, scale is not only important from a quantitative perspective, but also from a qualitative one as well. In short, one can state that, at a certain scale or using large administrative units, it makes no sense to strive to analyse if what you are attempting to do is to obtain spatial results, since the very size of the unit itself alters the results. The use, as units of reference, of some divisions of a natural or environmental type, such as biogeographical regions or the hydrographical basins should be closely studied. Nevertheless, the need to maintain the capacity of integrating the indicators of the {ESDP} should not be overlooked. The capacity of the {ESDP} system of indicators to act as a spatial differentiation instrument leads us to believe that one of the final objectives of the system of indicators could be the definition of what we could term  ” Homogenous Spatial Units”. These {HSU} could be defined as the parts of Europe with similar characteristics, not only according to the natural or environmental criteria, but also with regard to the rest of the criteria of spatial differentiation. The definition of these units on a detailed scale (for example: sets of {NUTS} 5 that constitute homogenous areas within the regions) would allow us to obtain conclusions in terms of strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats. It also would make it easier to achieve the objectives and purposes that the {ESDP} pursues (cohesion / balance; sustainable development / protection; territorial competitiveness / development).
[Data sources] An important part of the effort put into the work has been in finding and making a primary inventory of the data sources on environmental issues. The panorama of these sources caused us to be optimistic at the beginning of the work, mainly due to the existence of some sections of {GISCO}, of the {CORINE} Programme, with their different projects and various environmental reports that gave information about Europe with a view of the whole, even beyond the {EU} borders. The reality of the matter, as we later discovered, despite the cordial and efficient collaboration of the {EEA}, has been quite different: the following is a detailed report on some of the difficulties related to data sources that showed up during our work:
[::] The version of the {CORINE} Land Cover to which we had access, gives rise to quite a serious problem which consists of the lack of uniformity of the legends for some countries. Nevertheless, it has turned out to be the only data source that has enabled the carrying out of a spatial analysis of the European territory to the necessary scale.
[::] The data sources consulted regarding inland waters or polluting gas emissions had a resolution that did not advise their treatment, since this would make it impossible to obtain spatial results.
[::] The access or availability to some data sources that we had planned to use required complicated paperwork that would probably exceed the time allotted to conclude the assigned work (biodiversity or threats on natural resources). In spite of all these problems, we must point out that the institutions and organisations that possess them have been willing to collaborate at all times.
[::] Other data sources are not yet available (for example, {CDDA}).
[::] The reports on environmental issues elaborated for Europe do not appear to have given rise to a cartographic database and the {EEA} does not have the corresponding digital information. The following are some complementary considerations referring to data sources:
[::] It is essential to have environmental databases that are adequately georeferenced, with complete European coverage and proven consistency and homogenisation, these being characteristics that are vital if we are to adapt to the objectives of territorial analysis.
[::] One of the important gaps observed is the lack of a data source that allows for the establishment of a degree of naturalness of European forests. Without this source of results, the naturalness analysis of the territory is greatly altered.
[::] It is necessary to fill some important gaps such as the availability of a Digital Model of the Terrain for Europe with appropriate resolution.
[::] In order to elaborate territorial indicators with environmental response, it is necessary to have data bases related with environmental economy and expense, that offer information regarding the investment in environmental improvement programmes, investment of funds from the {EU}, from the States and from the Regional and Local Administrations.},
    author = {Marqu\'{\i}nez, Jorge and Colina, Arturo and Garc\'{\i}a, Pilar and Men\'{e}ndez, Rosana and Groth, Niels B. and \'{A}lvarez, Miguel and Lobo, Tom\'{a}s},
    citeulike-article-id = {13546849},
    citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13546849},
    citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://www.mcrit.com/SPESP/SPESP\_REPORT/natural\_assets.pdf},
    institution = {European Commission,  Spanish Environment Ministry, INDUROT, University of Oviedo},
    keywords = {biodiversity, clc, complexity, disturbances, ecosystem, europe, forest-resources, homogenous-spatial-units, indicators, indices, integration-techniques, knowledge-integration, land-cover, natural-hazards, similarity, spatial-pattern, water-resources},
    posted-at = {2015-03-11 17:45:15},
    priority = {2},
    title = {Development of indicators reflecting criteria of spatial differentiation - 1.6. Natural assets environmental indicators},
    url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13546849},
    year = {1999}
}

@incollection{schwarzQuercus1993,
  title = {Quercus {{L}}.},
  booktitle = {Flora {{Europaea}}, {{Volume}} 1 - {{Psilotaceae}} to {{Platanaceae}}},
  author = {Schwarz, O.},
  editor = {Tutin, T. G. and Burges, N. A. and Chater, A. O. and Edmondson, J. R. and Heywood, V. H. and Moore, D. M. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A.},
  year = {1993},
  edition = {Second},
  pages = {72--76},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge}},
  abstract = {Published in five volumes, Flora Europaea is the definitive account of the flowering plants, ferns and fern-allies of Europe, covering all plants growing in the wild, including many naturalized species and all widely cultivated crop species. It provides full keys and concise descriptions of families, genera, species and subspecies, together with bibliographic details for accepted species, summaries of geographical distribution, chromosome numbers and habitat information. This new edition of Volume 1 brings the treatment of the first 79 families up to date. Keys and descriptions have been extensively revised, and many taxa new to Europe, or to science, have been incorporated, while others have been relegated to synonymy as a consequence of recent research. In this edition, all synonyms are cited in the text. The Appendices have been thoroughly revised, and information on geographical distribution critically edited to give an authoritative summary of the occurrence of each species in 39 European territories.},
  isbn = {978-0-521-15366-9},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13799937,europe,featured-publication,forest-resources,quercus-spp,species-description,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13799937}
}

@book{meuselVergleichendeChorologieZentraleuropaischen1992,
  title = {Vergleichende {{Chorologie}} Der {{Zentraleurop\"aischen Flora}} - {{Band III}}},
  editor = {Meusel, Hermann and J{\"a}ger, Eckehart},
  year = {1992},
  publisher = {{Gustav Fischer Verlag}},
  address = {{Jena}},
  isbn = {978-3-334-00411-1},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14166878,botany,europe,maps,phytogeography,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14166878}
}

@article{ peinado_peche_1990,
  title = {La pêche industrielle au thon à la senne aux Seychelles},
  volume = {1344},
  abstract = {La pêche industrielle au thon est le secteur d'activité qui a le plus bénéficié de l'aide technique, financière et commerciale de la France.},
  journal = {La pêche maritime},
  author = {Peinado, M. N.},
  year = {1990},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE}, {AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {COOPERATION}, {DEVELOPPEMENT}, {EUROPE}, France, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {PALANGRIER}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, {SENNEUR}, Seychelles, {THONIER}, {THUNNIDAE}},
  pages = {447--449--}
}

@article{kienast_tree-ring_1987,
	title = {Tree-ring studies on conifers along ecological gradients and the potential of single-year analyses},
	volume = {17},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Forest Research},
	author = {Kienast, F. and Schweingruber, F.H. and Braker, O.U. and Schar, E.},
	year = {1987},
	keywords = {Europe, dendroecology, disturbance, forest ecology},
	pages = {683--696},
}

@article{ marsac_bilan_1984,
  title = {Bilan des prospections sur les ressources thonieres de surface effectuées depuis 1971 dans l'océan Indien occidental},
  abstract = {Historique des prospections de ressources thonieres dans l'ensemble de l'ocean indien.},
  journal = {La peche maritime},
  author = {Marsac, Francis and Stequert, Bernard},
  month = {February},
  year = {1984},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE}, {AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {BILAN}, {COOPERATION}, {DEVELOPPEMENT}, {EUROPE}, France, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {ORSTOM}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, {PROJET}, {PROSPECTION}, {RECHERCHE}, Seychelles},
  pages = {83--94--}
}

@incollection{ marsac_radiometrie_1983,
  address = {Seychelles, Victoria-Mahé},
  title = {Radiométrie aérienne et prospection thonière aux Seychelles},
  abstract = {Ce rapport établit un premier bilan des prospections thonières par radiométrie et observations aériennes, menées aux Seychelles entre novembre 1981 et janvier 1983. Ces recherches s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'un accord de coopération franco-seychellois (conventions n°204/C/{DCT}/81/{SEY}) intéressant le domaine halieutique.Les secteurs couverts concernent principalement la {ZEE} seychelloise, mais quelques vols ont débordé, au sud et à l'est , dans les eaux adjacentes (mauriciennes et internationales)},
  booktitle = {Rapport Scientifique - Mission Orstom Seychelles},
  publisher = {{ORSTOM}},
  author = {Marsac, Francis},
  month = {August},
  year = {1983},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE}, {AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {COOPERATION}, {EUROPE}, France, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {ORGANISME} {RECHERCHE}, {ORSTOM}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, {PROSPECTION} {AERIENNE}, {RADIOMETRIE}, {RECHERCHE}, {RECHERCHE} {SCIENTIFIQUE}, Seychelles, ℡{EDETECTION}},
  pages = {--}
}

@article{ _ministere_1983,
  title = {Ministère des relations extèrieures},
  abstract = {Décret n°83-163 du 25 février 1983 portant publication de l'accord de coopération culturelle, scientifique, technique et économique entre le Gouvernement de la République française et le Gouvernement de la République des Seychelles, signé à Paris le 15 juillet 1976, et de la convention relative au concours en personnel apporté par le Gouvernement de la République française au gouvernement de la République des Seychelles, ensemble deux protocoles, signés à Victoria le 22 octobre 1976.},
  journal = {Journal officiel de la République Française},
  month = {June},
  year = {1983},
  keywords = {{ACCORD}, {AFRIQUE}, {AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {COOPERATION}, {EUROPE}, France, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, {PROSPECTION}, {RECHECHE} {SCIENTIFIQUE}, {RECHERCHE}, Seychelles},
  pages = {706--710--}
}

@article{ _developpement_1982,
  title = {Développement de la pêche thonière aux Seychelles: coopération avec la France},
  abstract = {Historique du développement de la pêche thonière aux Seychelles.},
  month = {October},
  year = {1982},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE}, {AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {DEVELOPPEMENT}, {EUROPE}, France, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {SENNE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, {REDEPLOIEMEMENT}, {SENNEUR}, Seychelles, {THUNNIDAE}},
  pages = {3--}
}

@book{kamp_tradition_1982,
	title = {Tradition als historische {Kraft}},
	isbn = {9783110082371},
	language = {de},
	publisher = {Walter de Gruyter},
	author = {Kamp, Norbert and Wollasch, Joachim},
	year = {1982},
	keywords = {Civilization, Medieval, Europe, Germany, History / Europe / General, History / Europe / Germany, History / General},
}

@unpublished{ ricci_project_1979,
  title = {Project for the incorporation of a company to develop control and handle wholesale trading of fish and its bi-products in the Seychelles},
  abstract = {Lettre de {GM} Ricci au président seychellois France Albert René sur le projet de création d'une nouvelle compagnie italo-seychelloise},
  author = {Ricci, GM},
  month = {July},
  year = {1979},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {COENTREPRISE}, {COMMERCE}, {COOPERATION}, {ECONOMIE}, {ECONOMIE} {PECHE}, {EUROPE}, {ITALIE}, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, Seychelles, {THUNNIDAE}, {UNISECSEY}}
}

@article{ _visite_1978,
  title = {Visite du directeur des pêches des îles Seychelles},
  abstract = {M.S.Vidot, directeur des pêches des îles Seychelles était mercredi en visite d'information sur le port de Concarneau. M.Vidot était accompagné de M.Roland Moal, conseiller du ministère de la coopération, division des pêches maritimes; de M.Julien Celton, capitaine d'armement à l'{ACF}, et de M.Guy Piriou, constructions navales, à Concarneau.},
  journal = {Le Marin},
  month = {January},
  year = {1978},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE}, {AFRIQUE} {ORIENTALE}, {CANNEUR}, {COOPERATION}, {EUROPE}, France, {OCEAN} {INDIEN}, {ORBLEU}, {PECHE}, {PECHE} {THONIERE}, {POLITIQUE}, {PROSPECTION}, Seychelles, {VIDOT}, {VISITE}},
  pages = {--}
}

@incollection{tutinEuonymus1968,
  title = {Euonymus {{L}}.},
  booktitle = {Flora {{Europaea}}, {{Volume}} 2: {{Rosaceae}} to {{Umbelliferae}}},
  author = {Tutin, T. G.},
  editor = {Tutin, T. G. and Heywood, V. H. and Burges, N. A. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A.},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {242},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge}},
  abstract = {Published in five volumes, Flora Europaea is the definitive account of the flowering plants, ferns and fern-allies of Europe, covering all plants growing in the wild, including many naturalized species and all widely cultivated crop species. It provides full keys and concise descriptions of families, genera, species and subspecies, together with bibliographic details for accepted species, summaries of geographical distribution, chromosome numbers and habitat information. This new edition of Volume 1 brings the treatment of the first 79 families up to date. Keys and descriptions have been extensively revised, and many taxa new to Europe, or to science, have been incorporated, while others have been relegated to synonymy as a consequence of recent research. In this edition, all synonyms are cited in the text. The Appendices have been thoroughly revised, and information on geographical distribution critically edited to give an authoritative summary of the occurrence of each species in 39 European territories.},
  isbn = {978-0-521-06662-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13628388,euonymus-spp,europe,featured-publication,forest-resources,species-description,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13628388}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sollaScreeningEuropeanElms2005a,
  title = {Screening {{European Elms}} for {{Resistance}} to {{Ophiostoma}} Novo-Ulmi},
  author = {Solla, Alejandro and Bohnens, Jürgen and Collin, Eric and Diamandis, Stephanos and Franke, Albrecht and Gil, Luis and Burón, Margarita and Santini, Alberto and Mittempergher, Lorenzo and Pinon, Jean and Broeck, An V.},
  date = {2005-04},
  journaltitle = {Forest Science},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {134--141},
  issn = {0015-749X},
  url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4684918061381991617},
  abstract = {Resistance breeding of the native elms against Dutch elm disease, caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, is a major objective in Europe for the conservation of this tree species. More than 2,500 cuttings of 324 elm clones (Ulmus minor Miller, U. glabra Huds., U. laevis Pall., U. pumila L., U. minor x U. glabra, and U. minor x U. pumila) from eight European countries, planted in several randomized two-block designed plots were inoculated with various O. novo-ulmi strains. Crown wilting and dieback were recorded during the first year after inoculation. The wilting of the control trees varied among the plots, making the results difficult to compare, but analysis of variance (ANOVA) within each plot showed significant differences in disease severity among the clones tested, allowing study of the variation of the response among elm taxa. Results showed that 19 European inoculated clones recovered from O. novo-ulmi attack, giving hope for the reestablishment of native elms in countryside hedges and forests. FOR. SCI. 51(2):134-141.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-160792,europe,forest-pests,forest-resources,ulmus-glabra},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@book{tothThreatsSoilQuality2008,
  title = {Threats to {{Soil Quality}} in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Tóth, G. and Montanarella, L. and Rusco, E.},
  date = {2008},
  publisher = {{Office for Official Publications of the European Communities}},
  issn = {1018-5593},
  url = {http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esdb_archive/eusoils_docs/other/EUR23438.pdf},
  abstract = {This report is summarizing the results of recent research activities on the fields of soil degradation, soil quality and soil information systems performed in the Joint Research Center, in collaboration with partner institutions. An overview is given about the main soil threats (erosion, compaction, salinisation, landslides, decline of soil organic matter, biodiversity decline and contamination) and a soil quality concept with relevance to the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection.},
  isbn = {978-92-79-09529-0},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12027607,europe,european-commission,joint-research-centre,soil-resources},
  number = {EUR 23438 EN},
  series = {{{EUR}} - {{Scientific}} and {{Technical Research}} Series}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{alfieriAdvancesPanEuropeanFlood2014,
  title = {Advances in Pan-{{European}} Flood Hazard Mapping},
  author = {Alfieri, Lorenzo and Salamon, Peter and Bianchi, Alessandra and Neal, Jeffrey and Bates, Paul and Feyen, Luc},
  date = {2014-06},
  journaltitle = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {4067--4077},
  issn = {0885-6087},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.9947},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9947},
  abstract = {Flood hazard maps at trans-national scale have potential for a large number of applications ranging from climate change studies, reinsurance products, aid to emergency operations for major flood crisis, among others. However, at continental scales, only few products are available, due to the difficulty of retrieving large consistent data sets. Moreover, these are produced at relatively coarse grid resolution, which limits their applications to qualitative assessments. At finer resolution, maps are often limited to country boundaries, due to limited data sharing at trans-national level. The creation of a European flood hazard map would currently imply a collection of scattered regional maps, often lacking mutual consistency due to the variety of adopted approaches and quality of the underlying input data. In this work, we derive a pan-European flood hazard map at 100\,m resolution. The proposed approach is based on expanding a literature cascade model through a physically based approach. A combination of distributed hydrological and hydraulic models was set up for the European domain. Then, an observed meteorological data set is used to derive a long-term streamflow simulation and subsequently coherent design flood hydrographs for a return period of 100\,years along the pan-European river network. Flood hydrographs are used to simulate areas at risk of flooding and output maps are merged into a pan-European flood hazard map. The quality of this map is evaluated for selected areas in Germany and United Kingdom against national/regional hazard maps. Despite inherent limitations and model resolution issues, simulated maps are in good agreement with reference maps (hit rate between 59\,\% and 78\,\%, critical success index between 43\,\% and 65\%), suggesting strong potential for a number of applications at the European scale. Copyright  2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13239732,climate-change,emergency-events,europe,floods,hydrology,mapping,natural-hazards},
  number = {13}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{magriPatternsPostglacialSpread2008,
  title = {Patterns of Post-Glacial Spread and the Extent of Glacial Refugia of {{European}} Beech ({{Fagus}} Sylvatica)},
  author = {Magri, Donatella},
  date = {2008-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Biogeography},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {450--463},
  issn = {0305-0270},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01803.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01803.x},
  abstract = {[Aim]\hspace{0.6em} Establishing possible relationships between the magnitudes of the glacial distribution of the European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., and its post-glacial spread. 

[Location]\hspace{0.6em} Europe. 

[Methods]\hspace{0.6em} A database of over 400 pollen records has been used to locate Fagus populations at the end of the last glacial and during the post-glacial in Europe and to assess the areal extent of their past distribution. 

[Results]\hspace{0.6em} The rate of late-glacial and post-glacial increase in the number of pollen sites where Fagus was locally present conforms well to a logistic model of population growth. This suggests that the area occupied by beech populations expanded exponentially from the glacial refugia for a duration of over 10,000~years, until about 3500~yr bp. In the past three millennia beech populations increased at a slower rate, tending towards an equilibrium value. 

[Main conclusions]\hspace{0.6em} The conformity of the increase in beech distribution to the classical logistic model of population growth indicates that: [::(1)] a multiplicative biological process was the main factor shaping the pattern of the post-glacial expansion of F. sylvatica in Europe, [::(2)] climate conditions, human activity and competition may have influenced its rate of spread, and [::(3)] beech populations did not expand with a moving closed front, but with a diffuse spread from scattered nuclei. [\textbackslash n] The distribution of Fagus in Europe at the end of the last glacial appears to have been of two orders of magnitude less extensive than at present. Pleistocene refugia were likely to have been a mosaic of sparse stands of small populations scattered in multiple regions. Fagus populations appear to have increased very slowly and to a moderate extent in southern Europe, where they are now declining slightly. The central European populations increased quickly and extensively, reaching northern Europe, and are now approaching their carrying capacity.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-2386050,europe,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,migration-history},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{palmeExtensiveSharingChloroplast2004,
  title = {Extensive Sharing of Chloroplast Haplotypes among {{European}} Birches Indicates Hybridization among {{Betula}} Pendula, {{B}}. Pubescens and {{B}}. Nana},
  author = {Palme, A. E. and Su, Q. and Palsson, S. and Lascoux, M.},
  date = {2004-01},
  journaltitle = {Molecular Ecology},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {167--178},
  issn = {0962-1083},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02034.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02034.x},
  abstract = {Extensive sharing of chloroplast haplotypes among the silver birch, Betula pendula Roth., the downy birch, B. pubescens Ehrh., and the dwarf birch, B. nana L., was discovered using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymporphism markers. The geographical component of the genetic variation was stronger than the species component: the species were not significantly different while 11\,\% of the variation could be attributed to differentiation between the two main regions studied, Scandinavia and western Russia. All haplotypes occurring in more than 2\,\% of the individuals were shared among the species and the introgression ratios were quite large: 0.79 between B. pubescens and B. pendula and 0.67 between B. pubescens and B. nana. The data also indicate that B. pendula individuals are more similar to sympatric B. pubescens than to B. pendula individuals from nearby forests. However, this trend is not as pronounced when B. pubescens is considered, suggesting that introgression is not symmetrical. The haplotype sharing among the three Betula species is most likely caused by hybridization and subsequent cytoplasmic introgression.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13628397,~to-add-doi-URL,betula-nana,betula-pendula,betula-pubescens,europe,forest-resources,hybridisation},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mcneelyNatureVsNurture2004,
  title = {Nature vs. Nurture: Managing Relationships between Forests, Agroforestry and Wild Biodiversity},
  author = {McNeely, J. A.},
  date = {2004},
  journaltitle = {Agroforestry Systems},
  volume = {61-62},
  pages = {155--165},
  issn = {1572-9680},
  doi = {10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028996.92553.ea},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028996.92553.ea},
  abstract = {Many agroforestry systems are found in places that otherwise would be appropriate for natural forests, and often have replaced them. Humans have had a profound influence on forests virtually everywhere they both are found. Thus 'natural' defined as 'without human influence' is a hypothetical construct, though one that has assumed mythological value among many conservationists. Biodiversity is a forest value that does not carry a market price. It is the foundation, however, upon which productive systems depend. The relationship between agroforestry and the wild biodiversity contained in more natural forests is a complicated one, depending on the composition of the agroforestry system itself and the way it is managed. Complex forest gardens are more supportive of biodiversity than monocrop systems, shade coffee more than sun coffee, and systems using native plants tend to be more biologically diverse. Nonnative plants, especially potentially invasive alien species, threaten biodiversity and need to be avoided. The relationship between forests, agroforestry and wild biodiversity can be made most productive through applying adaptive management approaches that incorporate ongoing research and monitoring in order to feed information back into the management system. Maintaining diversity in approaches to management of agroforestry systems will provide humanity with the widest range of options for adapting to changing conditions. Clear government policy frameworks are needed that support alliances among the many interest groups involved in forest biodiversity.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13938673,~to-add-doi-URL,agroforestry,asia,biodiversity,central-america,europe,forest-management,forest-resources,integration-techniques,mediterranean-region,multi-criteria-decision-analysis,multi-objective-planning,multi-stakeholder-decision-making,multiplicity,north-america,south-america},
  number = {1-3}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{mavsarDevelopmentMethodologyAnalysis2011,
  title = {Development of a Methodology for the Analysis of Socio-Economic Impact of Forest Fires in {{Europe}}},
  booktitle = {The 5th {{International Wildland Fire Conference}}},
  author = {Mavsar, Robert and Pettenella, Davide and San-Miguel-Ayanz, Jesus and Camia, Andrea},
  date = {2011-05},
  url = {http://www.wildfire2011.org/material/papers/Robert_Masvar.pdf},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13402886,economic-impacts,effis,europe,forest-fires,forest-resources},
  venue = {Sun City, South Africa}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{teulingObservationalEvidenceCloud2017,
  title = {Observational Evidence for Cloud Cover Enhancement over Western {{European}} Forests},
  author = {Teuling, Adriaan J. and Taylor, Christopher M. and Meirink, Jan F. and Melsen, Lieke A. and Miralles, Diego G. and van Heerwaarden, Chiel C. and Vautard, Robert and Stegehuis, Annemiek I. and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan and de Arellano, Jordi V.},
  date = {2017-01},
  journaltitle = {Nature Communications},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {14065+},
  issn = {2041-1723},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms14065},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14257971},
  abstract = {Forests impact regional hydrology and climate directly by regulating water and heat fluxes. Indirect effects through cloud formation and precipitation can be important in facilitating continental-scale moisture recycling but are poorly understood at regional scales. In particular, the impact of temperate forest on clouds is largely unknown. Here we provide observational evidence for a strong increase in cloud cover over large forest regions in western Europe based on analysis of 10 years of 15\,min resolution data from geostationary satellites. In addition, we show that widespread windthrow by cyclone Klaus in the Landes forest led to a significant decrease in local cloud cover in subsequent years. Strong cloud development along the downwind edges of larger forest areas are consistent with a forest-breeze mesoscale circulation. Our results highlight the need to include impacts on cloud formation when evaluating the water and climate services of temperate forests, in particular around densely populated areas.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14257971,~to-add-doi-URL,climate,climate-projections,cloud-formation,cloudiness,cross-disciplinary-perspective,ecosystem-services,europe,featured-publication,feedback,forest-breeze,forest-resources,modelling-uncertainty,temperate-forests},
  options = {useprefix=true}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{gibonModellingSimulatingChange2010,
  title = {Modelling and Simulating Change in Reforesting Mountain Landscapes Using a Social-Ecological Framework},
  author = {Gibon, Annick and Sheeren, David and Monteil, Claude and Ladet, Sylvie and Balent, Gérard},
  date = {2010-02},
  journaltitle = {Landscape Ecology},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {267--285},
  issn = {0921-2973},
  doi = {10.1007/s10980-009-9438-5},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-009-9438-5},
  abstract = {Natural reforestation of European mountain landscapes raises major environmental and societal issues. With local stakeholders in the Pyrenees National Park area (France), we studied agricultural landscape colonisation by ash (Fraxinus excelsior) to enlighten its impacts on biodiversity and other landscape functions of importance for the valley socio-economics. The study comprised an integrated assessment of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) since the 1950s, and a scenario analysis of alternative future policy. We combined knowledge and methods from landscape ecology, land change and agricultural sciences, and a set of coordinated field studies to capture interactions and feedback in the local landscape/land-use system. Our results elicited the hierarchically-nested relationships between social and ecological processes. Agricultural change played a preeminent role in the spatial and temporal patterns of LUCC. Landscape colonisation by ash at the parcel level of organisation was merely controlled by grassland management, and in fact depended on the farmer's land management at the whole-farm level. LUCC patterns at the landscape level depended to a great extent on interactions between farm household behaviours and the spatial arrangement of landholdings within the landscape mosaic. Our results stressed the need to represent the local SES function at a fine scale to adequately capture scenarios of change in landscape functions. These findings orientated our modelling choices in the building an agent-based model for LUCC simulation (SMASH-Spatialized Multi-Agent System of landscape colonization by ASH). We discuss our method and results with reference to topical issues in interdisciplinary research into the sustainability of multifunctional landscapes.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6562026,assessment,biodiversity,ecology,environment-society-economy,europe,forest-resources,france,fraxinus-excelsior,landscape-modelling,mountainous-areas},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@book{lindnerImpactsClimateChange2008,
  title = {Impacts of Climate Change on {{European}} Forests and Options for Adaptation},
  author = {Lindner, Marcus and Schopf, Axel and Kremer, Antoine and Delzon, Sylvain and Barbati, Anna and Marchetti, Marco and Corona, Piermaria and Garcia-Gonzalo, Jordi and Kolström, Marja and Green, Tim and Reguera, Ricardo and Maroschek, Michael and Seidl, Rupert and Lexer, Manfred J. and Netherer, Sigrid},
  date = {2008},
  location = {{Brussels}},
  url = {http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/viewaceitem?aceitem_id=2202},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] This study compiles and summarizes the existing knowledge about observed and projected impacts of climate change on forests in Europe and reviews options for forests and forestry to adapt to climate change. It has been commissioned by the Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Commission as an initial exploration of this complex issue. Forests are particularly sensitive to climate change, because the long life-span of trees does not allow for rapid adaptation to environmental changes. Adaptation measures for forestry need to be planned well in advance of expected changes in growing conditions because the forests regenerated today will have to cope with the future climate conditions of at least several decades, often even more than 100 years. Impacts of climate change and adaptation options were reviewed by synthesizing the existing knowledge from scientific literature, complemented with expert assessments. On-going and planned adaptation measures in EU27 Member States were surveyed with a questionnaire. The exposure to climate change was analysed by reviewing latest climate change scenario projections. The main impact factors affecting forests under climate change were reviewed. Next, the sensitivity to and potential impacts of climate change were analysed. After reviewing different components of the adaptive capacity of forests and forestry, vulnerability to climate change and related risks and opportunities were highlighted. Possible adaptation measures to respond to climate change were analysed. The results are presented for four main bioclimatic zones: Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, Temperate Continental, and the Mediterranean.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13350621,adaptation,climate-change,ecological-zones,europe,forest-resources},
  series = {Report {{AGRI}}-2007-{{G4}}-06}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marchiEvaluatingWorldClimVersion2019,
  title = {Evaluating {{WorldClim}} Version 1 (1961–1990) as the Baseline for Sustainable Use of Forest and Environmental Resources in a Changing Climate},
  author = {Marchi, Maurizio and Sinjur, Iztok and Bozzano, Michele and Westergren, Marjana},
  date = {2019-01},
  journaltitle = {Sustainability},
  volume = {11},
  pages = {3043},
  doi = {10.3390/su11113043},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113043},
  urldate = {2019-06-07},
  abstract = {WorldClim version 1 is a high-resolution, global climate gridded dataset covering 1961–1990; a “normal” climate. It has been widely used for ecological studies thanks to its free availability and global coverage. This study aims to evaluate the quality of WorldClim data by quantifying any discrepancies by comparison with an independent dataset of measured temperature and precipitation records across Europe. BIO1 (mean annual temperature, MAT) and BIO12 (mean total annual precipitation, MAP) were used as proxies to evaluate the spatial accuracy of the WorldClim grids. While good representativeness was detected for MAT, the study demonstrated a bias with respect to MAP. The average difference between WorldClim predictions and climate observations was around +0.2 °C for MAT and −48.7 mm for MAP, with large variability. The regression analysis revealed a good correlation and adequate proportion of explained variance for MAT (adjusted R2 = 0.856) but results for MAP were poor, with just 64\% of the variance explained (adjusted R2 = 0.642). Moreover no spatial structure was found across Europe, nor any statistical relationship with elevation, latitude, or longitude, the environmental predictors used to generate climate surfaces. A detectable spatial autocorrelation was only detectable for the two most thoroughly sampled countries (Germany and Sweden). Although further adjustments might be evaluated by means of geostatistical methods (i.e., kriging), the huge environmental variability of the European environment deeply stressed the WorldClim database. Overall, these results show the importance of an adequate spatial structure of meteorological stations as fundamental to improve the reliability of climate surfaces and derived products of the research (i.e., statistical models, future projections).},
  keywords = {~INRMM-MiD:z-Y9WNGRPQ,europe,precipitation,spatial-analysis,spatial-pattern,temperature,validation,worldclim},
  langid = {english},
  number = {11}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{aldasoroGenusSorbusMaloideae1998,
  title = {The {{Genus Sorbus}} ({{Maloideae}}, {{Rosaceae}}) in {{Europe}} and in {{North Africa}}: {{Morphological Analysis}} and {{Systematics}}},
  author = {Aldasoro, Juan J. and Aedo, Carlos and Navarro, Carmen and Garmendia, Felix M.},
  date = {1998},
  journaltitle = {Systematic Botany},
  volume = {23},
  pages = {189--212},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13627748},
  abstract = {A multivariate morphometric study of the genus Sorbus, from 127 herbarium specimens in Europe and North Africa and nine populations in Spain, shows that twelve species may be easily recognized in the area: S. torminalis, S. latifolia, S. semiincisa, S. aria, S. intermedia, S. minima, S. sudetica, S. chamacmespilus, S. aucuparia, S. hybrida, S. meinichii and S. domestica. Twenty-seven described taxa were very difficult to discriminate using the standard morphological and statistical methods. Some useful characters are: petiole length, leaf-nerve angle, leaf-tooth length, bud and seed shape, fruit structure, presence of tanniferous-cell groups, large sclereids and starch grains in the fruit. The fruit of S. torminalis has a multi-layered cuticle, not previously reported in Sorbus. We detected tetraploidy in S. torminalis and two other sexuals: S. aria and S. chamaemespilus. The geography and the population structure of taxa in S and C. Europe does not permit their reproductive isolation; hence a large number of intermediate forms occur. Considering the difficulty in assessing the reproductive isolation of microspecies and in differentiating them morphologically, the use of a taxonomic species concept is proposed in Sorbus. Finally, a key to the species is provided.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13627748,europe,forest-resources,sorbus-spp,taxonomy},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{jegerPestCategorisationMelampsora2018,
  title = {Pest Categorisation of {{Melampsora}} Medusae},
  author = {Jeger, Michael and Bragard, Claude and Caffier, David and Candresse, Thierry and Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet and Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina and Gilioli, Gianni and Grégoire, Jean-Claude and Jaques Miret, Josep A. and MacLeod, Alan and Navajas Navarro, Maria and Niere, Björn and Parnell, Stephen and Potting, Roel and Rafoss, Trond and Rossi, Vittorio and Urek, Gregor and Van Bruggen, Ariena and Van der Werf, Wopke and West, Jonathan and Winter, Stephan and Boberg, Johanna and Gonthier, Paolo and Pautasso, Marco},
  date = {2018-07},
  journaltitle = {EFSA Journal},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {e05354+},
  issn = {1831-4732},
  doi = {10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5354},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5354},
  abstract = {Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Melampsora medusae, a well-defined and distinguishable fungal species of the family Melampsoraceae. The pathogen is regulated in Annex IAI of Council Directive 2000/29/EC as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned. M. medusae is a heteroecious rust fungus with Populus spp. as primary telial hosts and various conifers (Larix, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Abies, Picea and Tsuga spp.) as secondary aecial hosts. M. medusae is native to North America and has spread to South America, Africa, Asia, Oceania, as well as the EU, where M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae has been reported with a restricted distribution and low impacts from Belgium, south-west France and southern Portugal. The pest could spread to other EU countries, via dissemination of spores, movement of host plants for planting and cut branches. Climate is assumed not to be a limiting factor for the establishment of the pathogen in the EU. M. medusae is the most widespread and important Melampsora rust in North America. In western Canada, extensive damage has been reported to conifers and Populus spp. in nurseries and plantations as well as in woodlands. M. medusae is damaging in both Australia and New Zealand. The pest could have economic and environmental impacts in the EU if aggressive isolates of M. medusae were introduced into the EU. Import prohibition of host plants for planting is an available measure to reduce the risk of further introductions. Some resistant Populus cultivars are available. Moreover, increasing the genetic diversity of poplar plantations can prevent disease impacts. The main uncertainty concerns the factors explaining the low pathogenicity of the populations of M. medusae present in the EU. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met (the pest is present, but with a restricted distribution, and is officially under control). Given that plants for planting are not the main pathway of spread, not all criteria for consideration as a regulated non-quarantine pest are met.

[Excerpt: Conclusions] [...] [::Identity of the pest] The identity of the pest as a species is clear. [] [...] [] The recent change in name from Ceratocystis fagacearum to Bretziella fagacearum may take time for acceptance by the scientific community. [...]

[::Absence/presence of the pest in the EU territory] M. medusae is present, although not widespread, in the EU (and only represented by M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae). It is reported as present with few occurrences both in Belgium and France, and present with a restricted distribution in South Portugal. [...]

[::Regulatory status] M. medusae is regulated by Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) as a harmful organism whose introduction into, and spread within, all Member States shall be banned. [] [...]

[::Pest potential for entry, establishment and spread in the EU territory] Entry: the pest could enter the EU via host plants for planting and cut branches.

[] Establishment: hosts and favourable climatic conditions are widespread in the risk assessment area.

[] Spread: hosts and favourable climatic conditions are widespread in the risk assessment area. [] [...]

[] Plants for planting are not the main means of spread, as the pathogen can also spread via cut branches and aerial dissemination of spores. [] [...]

[] There is uncertainty about which factors are limiting the spread of M. medusae in the EU MS which have reported the pathogen (overwintering problems, host alternation or ecological constraints).

[] There is uncertainty about the level of susceptibility of the native P. alba and P. tremula. [...]

[::Potential for consequences in the EU territory] The introduction into the EU of aggressive isolates of M. medusae (of both the already present M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae and the not known to occur M. medusae f. sp. tremuloides) would have economic and environmental impacts in woodlands, poplar plantations and nurseries. [] [...] [] The introduction into the EU of aggressive isolates of M. medusae (of both the already present M. medusae f. sp. deltoidae and the not known to occur M. medusae f. sp. tremuloides) would have an impact on the intended use of plants for planting. [] [...] [] It is unclear if low pathogenicity of populations of either f. sp. of M. medusae may be due to their reduced life cycle characteristics. [...]

[::Available measures] Import prohibition of host plants for planting is an available measure to reduce the risk of introduction.

[] Some resistant Populus cultivars are available. Moreover, increasing host genetic diversity can prevent disease impacts. [] [...]

[] Production of plants for planting in pest free areas and places of production can prevent pest presence on plants for planting. [] [...]

[] The effectiveness of pest free areas for the production of clean nursery stock is uncertain, due to the long-distance dispersal potential of the rust. [...]

[::Conclusion on pest categorisation] The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as a potential quarantine pest are met. The pathogen is present in the EU but with a restricted distribution and is under official control. [] [...]

[] The criterion on plants for planting as the main pathway of spread is not met. [...]

[::Aspects of assessment to focus on/scenarios to address in future if appropriate] The main knowledge gap concerns the factors responsible for the low aggressiveness of the populations of M. medusae present in Europe. [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14636135,~to-add-doi-URL,abies-spp,disturbances,efsa,efsa-scientific-opinion,europe,forest-pests,forest-resources,fungal-diseases,fungi,larix-spp,melampsora-medusae,picea-spp,pinus-spp,plant-pests,populus-spp,pseudotsuga-spp,tsuga-spp},
  number = {7}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{europeanparliamentRegulationECNo2002,
  title = {Regulation ({{EC}}) {{No}} 178/2002 of the {{European Parliament}} and of the {{Council}} of 28 {{January}} 2002 Laying down the General Principles and Requirements of Food Law, Establishing the {{European Food Safety Authority}} and Laying down Procedures in Matters of Food Safety},
  author = {{European Parliament} and {Council of the European Union}},
  date = {2002-02},
  journaltitle = {Official Journal of the European Union},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {1--24},
  issn = {1977-0677},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14632037},
  abstract = {[Excerpt]

[] [...]

[Aim and scope]

[::1] This Regulation provides the basis for the assurance of a high level of protection of human health and consumers' interest in relation to food, taking into account in particular the diversity in the supply of food including traditional products, whilst ensuring the effective functioning of the internal market. It establishes common principles and responsibilities, the means to provide a strong science base, efficient organisational arrangements and procedures to underpin decision-making in matters of food and feed safety.

[::2] For the purposes of paragraph 1, this Regulation lays down the general principles governing food and feed in general, and food and feed safety in particular, at Community and national level.

[] It establishes the European Food Safety Authority.

[] It lays down procedures for matters with a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety.

[::3] This Regulation shall apply to all stages of production, processing and distribution of food and feed. It shall not apply to primary production for private domestic use or to the domestic preparation, handling or storage of food for private domestic consumption.

[] [...]},
  issue = {L 31},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14632037,agricultural-resources,europe,european-commission,food-safety,food-security,human-health,legal-issues,legislation,livestock,precaution-principle,transparency,transport-system}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@misc{noauthor_lighting_nodate-11,
	title = {Lighting design - {Magic} {Monkey}},
	url = {http://www.magicmonkey.net/home/index.html},
	urldate = {2007-11-26TZ},
	keywords = {Europe, Lighting Designer}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bastinWebServicesForest2012,
  title = {Web Services for Forest Data, Analysis and Monitoring: Developments from {{EuroGEOSS}}},
  author = {Bastin, L. and McInerney, D. and Revez, G. and Figueiredo, C. and Simonetti, D. and Barredo, J. I. and Achard, F. and San-Miguel-Ayanz, J.},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Earthzine},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {389531+},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/12073577},
  abstract = {[Introduction] Forests play a crucial role in timber production, maintenance and development of biodiversity and in carbon sequestration and storage. However, the reliable information on forest extent, type and change, which is so important to policy makers and managers, is frequently inconsistent, incomplete and out of sync between countries and continents. In this article, we describe components developed in line with the GEOSS and INSPIRE frameworks, which access and use distributed forest information at different spatial scales, and demonstrate how these can be integrated into geographic information infrastructures. The components include an INSPIRE-compliant metadata catalogue for discovery of forest information, Web map viewers and Web-based forest analysis and modeling tools. The aim is to provide access to forest resources data at local, regional and global spatial scales, and to provide analytical capabilities for monitoring and validating forest change, using standardized Web services to facilitate accessibility, interoperability and data transfer. In this context, we also introduce concepts related to Open Geospatial Web Standards.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12073577,europe,forest-resource-information,forest-resources,geospatial,inspire,metadata,open-data,web-and-information-technologies,web-services},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marchiCharacterisationSelectedExtreme2010,
  title = {Characterisation of Selected Extreme Flash Floods in {{Europe}} and Implications for Flood Risk Management},
  author = {Marchi, L. and Borga, M. and Preciso, E. and Gaume, E.},
  date = {2010-11},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {394},
  pages = {118--133},
  issn = {0022-1694},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.07.017},
  abstract = {High-resolution data enabling identification and analysis of the hydrometeorological causative processes of flash floods have been collected and analysed for 25 extreme flash floods (60 drainage basins, ranging in area from 9.5 to 1856~km2) across Europe. Most of the selected floods are located in a geographical belt crossing Europe from western Mediterranean (Catalunia and southwestern France) to Black Sea, covering northern Italy, Slovenia, Austria, Slovakia and Romania. Criteria for flood selection were high intensity of triggering rainfall and flood response and availability of high-resolution reliable data. Hydrometeorological data collected and collated for each event were checked by using a hydrological model. The derivation and analysis of summarising variables based on the data archive has made it possible to outline some characteristics of flash floods in various morphoclimatic regions of Europe. Peak discharge data for more than 50\,\% of the studied watersheds derive from post-flood surveys in ungauged streams. This stresses both the significance of post-flood surveys in building and extending flash flood data bases, and the need to develop new methods for flash flood hazard assessment able to take into account data from post-event analysis. Examination of data shows a peculiar seasonality effect on flash flood occurrence, with events in the Mediterranean and Alpine-Mediterranean regions mostly occurring in autumn, whereas events in the inland Continental region commonly occur in summer, revealing different climatic forcing. Consistently with this seasonality effect, spatial extent and duration of the events is generally smaller for the Continental events with respect to those occurring in the Mediterranean region. Furthermore, the flash flood regime is generally more intense in the Mediterranean Region than in the Continental areas. The runoff coefficients of the studied flash floods are usually rather low (mean value: 0.35). Moderate differences in runoff coefficient are observed between the studied climatic regions, with higher values in the Mediterranean region. Antecedent saturation conditions have a significant impact on event runoff coefficients, showing the influence of initial soil moisture status even on extreme flash flood events and stressing the importance of accounting soil moisture for operational flash flood forecasting. The runoff response displays short lag times (mostly {$<$}6~h). The identified relations between watershed area, stream length and response time enable determination of a characteristic mean velocity of the flash flood process (at basin scales less than 350~km2), defined as the ratio of characteristic length (mean river length) and time (response time or lag time), equal to 3~m~s-1. This is related to the celerity with which the flood wave moves through the catchment. The analysis of the response time provides information on the time resolution and the spatial density of the networks required for monitoring the storms that generate flash floods.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-7583865,climate,europe,flash-flood,floods,hydrology,runoff,storm,water-resources},
  number = {1-2}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@book{europeancommissionSharedEnvironmentalInformation2008,
  title = {Towards a {{Shared Environmental Information System}} ({{SEIS}})},
  author = {{European Commission}},
  date = {2008-02},
  publisher = {{Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions}},
  url = {http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0046:FIN:EN:HTML},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11530353,europe,european-commission,information-systems,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,legislation,open-data},
  number = {COM(2008) 46 final}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{guinnessyEuropeMovesCloser2012,
  title = {Europe Moves Closer to Open-Access Publishing},
  author = {Guinnessy, Paul K.},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Physics Today},
  volume = {65},
  pages = {22+},
  issn = {0031-9228},
  doi = {10.1063/pt.3.1781},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1781},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11826147,europe,free-access,gold-open-access,green-open-access,open-access,scientific-communication},
  number = {11}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@collection{kelceyPlantsHabitatsEuropean2011,
  title = {Plants and {{Habitats}} of {{European Cities}}},
  editor = {Kelcey, John G. and Müller, Norbert},
  date = {2011},
  publisher = {{Springer-Verlag}},
  location = {{New York}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-89684-7},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13577957},
  abstract = {Plants and Habitats of European Cities contains details of sixteen cities in the European peninsula from Almeria to St. Petersburg and from Sofia to London. The chapters start with a description of the natural features and history of the cities and then consider how urbanization has affected the environment (for example, pollution, the heat island effect and climatic changes). The recorded botanical history of the city is followed by an account of the flora, which is mainly concerned with flowering plants and ferns. Where there is sufficient information the chapters include summary descriptions of the algae, bryophytes, lichens and fungi. The plant communities and species composition of the major natural and semi-natural habitats are described and followed by accounts of the species found in more typical urban habitats. These include housing areas of different types and densities, industrial zones, unused and previously developed land, parks, cemeteries, allotments and similar habitats, transport routes (for example railway land and road verges) and various aquatic habitats including rivers and flooded mineral workings. Plants and Habitats of European Cities is another important step towards the full understanding of the natural history of European cities. It is unique in describing, for the first time in a single volume, the flora and plant communities that occur in some of the major European cities. The authors are leading experts on urban botany and of the flora of the cities about which they have written. The book has been written and edited to be accessible to a wide range of interests and expertise including academic botanists and ecologists, landscape architects, planners, urban designers, ordinary people with an interest in natural history in general and botany in particular, undergraduates and other students not only in Europe but throughout the world. About the Editors: John G. Kelcey is not an academic but a practitioner. After graduating in Botany and Geology from the University of Manchester, Britain, he was appointed the ecologist of Milton Keynes Development Corporation a new town for 250,000 people, which was promoted by the British Government. Subsequently he became an ecological consultant and advisor and carried out ecological assessments of major development projects including housing schemes, commercial and retail developments, mainly in urban areas. During this time he was a member of nine professional institutions and several learned societies in Europe. Norbert Müller is a vegetation ecologist and Professor in the University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, Germany, holding the chair of the Department Landscape Management and Restoration Ecology. Within his main research fields, urban biodiversity and conservation biology, he studied flora and vegetation of several large cities in Asia, Europe, North America and South Africa. He is responsible for URBIO - a worldwide scientific network with the aim of promoting urban biodiversity through a continuing dialogue with the Convention on Biological Diversity.},
  isbn = {978-0-387-89684-7},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13577957,~to-add-doi-URL,europe,forest-resources,urban-areas,urban-habitats,vegetation-composition,vegetation-types}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{spathelfClimateChangeImpacts2014,
  title = {Climate Change Impacts in {{European}} Forests: The Expert Views of Local Observers},
  author = {Spathelf, Peter and van der Maaten, Ernst and van der Maaten-Theunissen, Marieke and Campioli, Matteo and Dobrowolska, Dorota},
  date = {2014},
  journaltitle = {Annals of Forest Science},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {131--137},
  issn = {1297-966X},
  doi = {10.1007/s13595-013-0280-1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0280-1},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Forests respond differently to changes in climate depending on individual site characteristics and tree status. Site conditions may buffer or boost impacts of heat, drought, and storm events. Considering contemporary changes in climate (Christensen et al. 2007), warming may increase forest productivity in those parts of Europe where growth resources like soil water are not limiting (Nabuurs et al. 2002). However, under conditions of limited resource supply and changed disturbance regime, we may expect a reduction of forest productivity and vitality (Lindner et al. 2010). Major climatic impacts on forests include both singular extreme events (changing climate variability) that are difficult to predict in time and location, as well as less obvious gradual changes (changing mean values) (Bolte et al. 2010; Reyer et al. 2013).},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13361212,climate-change,europe,forest-pests,forest-resources,limiting-factor,primary-productivity},
  number = {2},
  options = {useprefix=true}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{shamanSeasonalEffectsENSO2014,
  title = {The Seasonal Effects of {{ENSO}} on {{European}} Precipitation: Observational Analysis},
  author = {Shaman, Jeffrey},
  date = {2014-09},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Climate},
  volume = {27},
  pages = {6423--6438},
  issn = {0894-8755},
  doi = {10.1175/jcli-d-14-00008.1},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00008.1},
  abstract = {An analysis and characterization of seasonal changes in the atmospheric teleconnection between ENSO and western European precipitation, as well as atmospheric conditions over the North Atlantic and Europe, are presented. Significant ENSO-associated changes in precipitation are evident during the boreal spring and fall seasons, marginal during boreal summer, and absent during boreal winter. The spring and fall precipitation anomalies are accompanied by statistically significant ENSO-related changes in large-scale fields over the North Atlantic and Europe. These seasonal teleconnections appear to be mediated by changes in upper tropospheric conditions along the coast of Europe that project down to the lower troposphere and produce onshore or offshore moisture flux anomalies, depending on the season. Some ENSO-related changes in storm activity are also evident during fall and winter. Analyses during boreal winter reveal little effect of coincident ENSO conditions on either European precipitation or upper tropospheric conditions over Europe.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13340631,anomaly-detection,climate,enso,europe,feedback,off-site-effects,precipitation},
  number = {17}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{jegerPestCategorisationStegophora2017,
  title = {Pest Categorisation of {{Stegophora}}~Ulmea},
  author = {Jeger, Michael and Bragard, Claude and Caffier, David and Candresse, Thierry and Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet and Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina and Gilioli, Gianni and Gregoire, Jean-Claude and Jaques Miret, Josep A. and MacLeod, Alan and Navajas Navarro, Maria and Niere, Björn and Parnell, Stephen and Potting, Roel and Rafoss, Trond and Rossi, Vittorio and Urek, Gregor and Van Bruggen, Ariena and Van der Werf, Wopke and West, Jonathan and Winter, Stephan and Boberg, Johanna and Gonthier, Paolo and Pautasso, Marco},
  date = {2017-12},
  journaltitle = {EFSA Journal},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {e05105+},
  issn = {1831-4732},
  doi = {10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5105},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5105},
  abstract = {Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) performed a pest categorisation of Stegophora ulmea, a well-defined and distinguishable fungal species of the family Sydowiellaceae. S. ulmea causes a tree disease known as black spot of elm (Ulmus spp.). The pathogen is reported from North America (native range) and Asia (Far-East Russia and China), but not from the EU. S. ulmea is regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IIAI) as a harmful organism whose introduction into the EU is banned on plants of Ulmus L. and Zelkova L., intended for planting, other than seeds. The pathogen has been occasionally intercepted on imported bonsai plants (and then destroyed) in the Netherlands and the UK. It could enter the EU and spread within it via plants for planting (including bonsai) and cut branches. Hosts and favourable climatic conditions are common in the EU. The European native elm species Ulmus glabra and Ulmus laevis were found to be more susceptible to the disease than North American elm species, but information is lacking on Ulmus minor. The disease is rarely fatal, but S. ulmea can cause considerable damage, particularly in wet summers. Reduction of inoculum by the removal of leaf debris and avoiding overhead watering in nurseries can reduce the risk of spread of the pathogen. The main knowledge gaps concern (i) the distribution of the pest in Asian countries, (ii) the relative role of the means of entry/spread and (iii) the potential consequences in mature tree plantations and native woodland. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as potential quarantine pest are met. For regulated non-quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met.

[Excerpt: Conclusions] [...] [::Identity of the pest] The identity of the pest as a species is clear. [...]

[::Absence/presence of the pest in the EU territory] The pest is not reported to be present in the EU. [...] There is a doubtful and unconfirmed record of the fungus in Romania. Interceptions in the Netherlands and UK were followed by eradication. [...]

[::Regulatory status] S. ulmea is regulated by Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IIA) on plants of Ulmus and Zelkova, intended for planting, other than seeds. [...] 

[::Pest potential for entry, establishment and spread in the EU territory] Entry: the pest could enter the EU via the plants for planting pathway, as well as on bonsai plants and cut foliage

[] Establishment: hosts and favourable climatic conditions are widespread in the risk assessment (RA) area

[] Spread: the pest would be able to spread following establishment mainly on infected plants for planting and bonsai plants. [...] 

[] There is a lack of data on the trade of Ulmus spp. and Zelkova spp. bonsai plants within the EU [...]

[::Potential for consequences in the EU territory] The pest introduction could have impacts especially in nurseries and on amenity trees. [...] 

[] The introduction of the pest could have an impact on the intended use of plants for planting. [...]

[] There is uncertainty about the level of impact of the disease, which has rarely been described in detail, particularly in native woodland and planted forests. The consequences for U. minor are uncertain, given the lack of information on its susceptibility. [...]

[::Available measures] Reduction of inoculum by the removal and appropriate disposal of leaf debris and avoiding overhead watering in nurseries can reduce the risk of spread of the pathogen. Breeding for host resistance/tolerance may reduce the level of impacts. [...]

[] Key uncertainties: The relative importance of overwintering in buds compared to primary infection in spring. [...]

[::Conclusion on pest categorisation] The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration as potential quarantine pest are met. [...] [] The criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met. [...]

[::Aspects of assessment to focus on/scenarios to address in future if appropriate] The main knowledge gaps concern (i) the distribution of the pest in Asian countries, (ii) the relative role of the means of entry/spread (plants for planting other than bonsai plants, bonsai plants and cut foliage), and (iii) the potential consequences in mature tree plantations and native woodland.

However, the present categorisation has explored most if not all of the available data on these knowledge gaps [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14506369,~to-add-doi-URL,disturbances,efsa,efsa-scientific-opinion,europe,forest-pests,plant-pests,stegophora-ulmea,ulmus-glabra,ulmus-laevis,ulmus-spp,zelkova-spp},
  number = {12}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@misc{higgins_europe_????,
	title = {In {Europe}, {God} {Is} ({Not}) {Dead} - {WSJ}.com},
	url = {http://online.wsj.com/public/article_print/SB118434936941966055.html},
	urldate = {2008-04-23TZ},
	author = {Higgins, Andrew},
	keywords = {Europe, Exceptionalism: American, religion}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{counciloftheeuropeanunionCouncilRegulationEEC1986,
  title = {Council {{Regulation}} ({{EEC}}) {{No}} 3528/86 of 17 {{November}} 1986 on the Protection of the {{Community}}'s Forests against Atmospheric Pollution},
  author = {{Council of the European Union}},
  date = {1986-11},
  journaltitle = {Official Journal of the European Union},
  volume = {29},
  pages = {2--4},
  issn = {0378-6978},
  url = {http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.1986.326.01.0002.01.ENG},
  abstract = {[...] [Article 1]

A Community scheme is hereby established to protect forests against atmospheric pollution, hereinafter referred to as 'scheme', in order to provide increased protection for forests in the Community and thereby contribute in particular to safeguarding the productive potential of agriculture.

[Article 2]

[\textbackslash n] 1. The aim of the scheme shall be to help Member States to:

[\textbackslash n] - establish on the basis of common methods a periodic inventory of damage caused to forests, in particular by atmospheric pollution,

[\textbackslash n] - establish or extend, in a co-ordinated and harmonious way, the network of observation points required to draw up this inventory.

[\textbackslash n] 2. Member States shall forward to the Commission the data gathered by the network of observation points.

[\textbackslash n] 3. The detailed rules for the implementation of this Article and in particular those relating to the gathering, nature and comparability of the inventory data shall be laid down according to the procedure provided for in Article 7. 

[...]},
  issue = {L 326},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13816738,european-commission,inspire,knowledge-freedom,legislation,metadata,open-data,semantics}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{tinnerHoloceneExpansionsFagus2006,
  title = {Holocene Expansions of {{Fagus}} Silvatica and {{Abies}} Alba in {{Central Europe}}: Where Are We after Eight Decades of Debate?},
  author = {Tinner, W. and Lotter, A.},
  date = {2006-03},
  journaltitle = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {526--549},
  issn = {0277-3791},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.017},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.017},
  abstract = {During the past eight decades contrasting hypotheses have been put forward to explain the Holocene expansions of Fagus silvatica (beech) and Abies alba (fir) in Central Europe. The hypotheses can be referred to as: (1) climatic change; (2) migrational lag; (3) delay in population increase; (4) human disturbance; and (5) fire disturbance. High-resolution pollen and charcoal records from three sites in lowland Switzerland and southern Germany allow testing the human vs. fire-disturbance hypotheses by means of time-series analysis. Cross-correlations between pairs of pollen as well as between microscopic charcoal and pollen suggest that neither human nor fire disturbance substantially promoted the expansion of Fagus and Abies. We address the remaining hypotheses (climatic change, migrational lag, delay of population increase) by a combined interpretation of our data with independent climatic records and other evidence of past environmental dynamics (e.g. dynamic vegetation modelling) for southern Central Europe. Rapid population expansions in response to cooling and precipitation increase suggest that climatic change was the main forcing factor and that migrational lags were not effective since at least 8200~cal.~yr ago. On the basis of this conclusion we propose an explanatory model for the Holocene expansion of Fagus and Abies in Central Europe: Both trees expanded stepwise across the continent during favourable 8200-type events, which were characterized by changes towards wetter and cooler conditions and corresponded to previously recognized Holocene cold phases in Central Europe as well as in the North Atlantic realm. Asynchronous expansions across continental Europe are explained by analogy to today's precipitation gradients resulting from orographic effects. Response lags of Fagus and Abies to climatic change reached a few decades at most, whereas population expansion in response to climatic change lasted for several centuries, probably as a consequence of intrinsic rates of population increase as well as competition with previously established forest communities. This model is in agreement with recent data from northern Central Europe, where large-scale expansion pulses of Fagus coincided with 8200-type events (e.g. 3800-3400 and 2750-2350~cal. BP). In addition to climatic change, human impact influenced the expansions of Fagus in northern Central Europe. We suggest that Abies expansions across Europe after 5000~cal. BP were inhibited by human and/or fire disturbance.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11379088,abies-alba,europe,fagus-sylvatica,migration-history},
  number = {5-6}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{schelhaasSpeciesspecificPanEuropeanDiameter2018,
  title = {Species-Specific, Pan-{{European}} Diameter Increment Models Based on Data of 2.3 Million Trees},
  author = {Schelhaas, Mart-Jan and Hengeveld, Geerten M. and Heidema, Nanny and Thürig, Esther and Rohner, Brigitte and Vacchiano, Giorgio and Vayreda, Jordi and Redmond, John and Socha, Jarosław and Fridman, Jonas and Tomter, Stein and Polley, Heino and Barreiro, Susana and Nabuurs, Gert-Jan},
  date = {2018-04},
  journaltitle = {Forest Ecosystems},
  volume = {5},
  issn = {2197-5620},
  doi = {10.1186/s40663-018-0133-3},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-018-0133-3},
  abstract = {[Background] Over the last decades, many forest simulators have been developed for the forests of individual European countries. The underlying growth models are usually based on national datasets of varying size, obtained from National Forest Inventories or from long-term research plots. Many of these models include country- and location-specific predictors, such as site quality indices that may aggregate climate, soil properties and topography effects. Consequently, it is not sensible to compare such models among countries, and it is often impossible to apply models outside the region or country they were developed for. However, there is a clear need for more generically applicable but still locally accurate and climate sensitive simulators at the European scale, which requires the development of models that are applicable across the European continent. The purpose of this study is to develop tree diameter increment models that are applicable at the European scale, but still locally accurate. We compiled and used a dataset of diameter increment observations of over 2.3 million trees from 10 National Forest Inventories in Europe and a set of 99 potential explanatory variables covering forest structure, weather, climate, soil and nutrient deposition.

[Results] Diameter increment models are presented for 20 species/species groups. Selection of explanatory variables was done using a combination of forward and backward selection methods. The explained variance ranged from 10\,\% to 53\,\% depending on the species. Variables related to forest structure (basal area of the stand and relative size of the tree) contributed most to the explained variance, but environmental variables were important to account for spatial patterns. The type of environmental variables included differed greatly among species.

[Conclusions] The presented diameter increment models are the first of their kind that are applicable at the European scale. This is an important step towards the development of a new generation of forest development simulators that can be applied at the European scale, but that are sensitive to variations in growing conditions and applicable to a wider range of management systems than before. This allows European scale but detailed analyses concerning topics like CO2 sequestration, wood mobilisation, long term impact of management, etc.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14616180,~to-add-doi-URL,empirical-equation,europe,forest-resources,open-data,plant-growth,regression,tree-species},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{clericiRiparianZonesWhere2011,
  title = {Riparian Zones {{Where}} Green and Blue Networks Meet: Pan-{{European}} Zonation Modelling Based on Remote Sensing and {{GIS}}},
  author = {Clerici, Nicola and Weissteiner, Christof J. and Paracchini, Luisa M. and Strobl, Peter},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {EUR - Scientific and Technical Research},
  volume = {24774},
  pages = {62 pp.},
  issn = {1018-5593},
  doi = {10.2788/80271},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2788/80271},
  abstract = {This Technical Report presents a new riparian zonation model for Europe based on satellite remote sensing and GIS techniques. Riparian zones are key ecological systems that provide a wide array of ecosystem services tosociety and the natural environment, as well as being fundamental structural elements of the European Green Infrastructure. The zonation model is based on a multi-layer approach, which takes into account a series of descriptive attributes and assigns a degree of belonging to the riparian zone class based on fuzzy membership scores. Model output has a 25 m spatial resolution and follows INSPIRE standards. A short characterization of model output is also proposed, together with a detailed assessment of accuracy. Information about riparian zone distribution will provide the basis for comprehensive characterization and ecological analysis at European scale, such as the identification of key riparian zones maintaining landscape connectivity, the evaluation of targeted riparian ecosystem services and monitoring of change at continental scale [Description de l'éditeur].},
  issue = {JRC 63959},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12635515,ecology,ecosystem,ecosystem-services,europe,forest-resources,gis,remote-sensing,riparian-zones,soil-resources,water-resources}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{stronenNorthSouthDifferentiationRegion2013,
  title = {North-{{South}} Differentiation and a Region of High Diversity in {{European}} Wolves ({{Canis}} Lupus)},
  author = {Stronen, Astrid V. and Jędrzejewska, Bogumiła and Pertoldi, Cino and Demontis, Ditte and Randi, Ettore and Niedziałkowska, Magdalena and Pilot, Małgorzata and Sidorovich, Vadim E. and Dykyy, Ihor and Kusak, Josip and Tsingarska, Elena and Kojola, Ilpo and Karamanlidis, Alexandros A. and Ornicans, Aivars and Lobkov, Vladimir A. and Dumenko, Vitalii and Czarnomska, Sylwia D.},
  date = {2013-10},
  journaltitle = {PLoS ONE},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {e76454+},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0076454},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14037365},
  abstract = {European wolves (Canis lupus) show population genetic structure in the absence of geographic barriers, and across relatively short distances for this highly mobile species. Additional information on the location of and divergence between population clusters is required, particularly because wolves are currently recolonizing parts of Europe. We evaluated genetic structure in 177 wolves from 11 countries using over 67K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. The results supported previous findings of an isolated Italian population with lower genetic diversity than that observed across other areas of Europe. Wolves from the remaining countries were primarily structured in a north-south axis, with Croatia, Bulgaria, and Greece (Dinaric-Balkan) differentiated from northcentral wolves that included individuals from Finland, Latvia, Belarus, Poland and Russia. Carpathian Mountain wolves in central Europe had genotypes intermediate between those identified in northcentral Europe and the Dinaric-Balkan cluster. Overall, individual genotypes from northcentral Europe suggested high levels of admixture. We observed high diversity within Belarus, with wolves from western and northern Belarus representing the two most differentiated groups within northcentral Europe. Our results support the presence of at least three major clusters (Italy, Carpathians, Dinaric-Balkan) in southern and central Europe. Individuals from Croatia also appeared differentiated from wolves in Greece and Bulgaria. Expansion from glacial refugia, adaptation to local environments, and human-related factors such as landscape fragmentation and frequent killing of wolves in some areas may have contributed to the observed patterns. Our findings can help inform conservation management of these apex predators and the ecosystems of which they are part.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037365,~to-add-doi-URL,biodiversity,canis-lupus,carnivores,europe,mapping,species-distribution},
  number = {10}
}