Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{kim_e.s._teduglutide:_2017,
	title = {Teduglutide: {A} {Review} in {Short} {Bowel} {Syndrome}},
	url = {http://rd.springer.com/journal/40265},
	abstract = {Subcutaneous teduglutide (Revestive), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue that increases intestinal absorption, is approved in the EU for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in patients aged {\textgreater}1 year who are stable following a period of postsurgical intestinal adaptation. In a phase III trial in adults with SBS intestinal failure (IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS), a significantly greater proportion of teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg/day than placebo recipients achieved a {\textgreater}20\% reduction in weekly PS volume from baseline to week 20 and maintained it to week 24. The proportion of patients who had a reduction in one or more days on PS was also significant with teduglutide compared with placebo. Improved intestinal absorption and reduced PS requirements were generally maintained in the longer term. Results from a phase III trial in paediatric patients with SBS-IF dependent on PS were consistent with those in adults. Adverse events were mostly of mild to moderate severity and generally consistent with the underlying condition or known mechanism of the drug (e.g. central line-related issues, gastrointestinal events). Teduglutide is therefore a useful treatment option in children (aged {\textgreater}1 year), adolescents and adults with SBS. Copyright © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. All Right Reserved.},
	journal = {Drugs},
	author = {{Kim E.S.} and {Keam S.J.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*short bowel syndrome, *short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], *short bowel syndrome/th [Therapy], *teduglutide, *teduglutide/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *teduglutide/dt [Drug Therapy], *teduglutide/pd [Pharmacology], *teduglutide/pk [Pharmacokinetics], *teduglutide/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration], Child, Parenteral nutrition, abdominal distension/si [Side Effect], acute cholecystitis/si [Side Effect], adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, article, catheter infection/co [Complication], central venous catheter, central venous catheter/am [Adverse Device Effect], clinical study, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, decreased appetite/si [Side Effect], disease severity, drug efficacy, drug therapy, drug tolerability, gastrointestinal dysplasia/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal polyposis/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal symptom/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal tumor/si [Side Effect], human, infant, influenza/si [Side Effect], injection site erythema/si [Side Effect], intestinal failure, intestine absorption, intestine polyp/si [Side Effect], intestine stenosis/si [Side Effect], multicenter study (topic), nonhuman, peripheral edema/si [Side Effect], pharmacodynamic parameters, phase 3 clinical trial, phase 3 clinical trial (topic), placebo, recipient, rectum polyp/si [Side Effect], rhinopharyngitis/si [Side Effect], sepsis/co [Complication], short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], side effect, stomach adenoma/si [Side Effect], systematic review, upper abdominal pain/si [Side Effect]}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{soares_s.m.f._effects_2017,
	title = {The effects of tracheal tube cuffs filled with air, saline or alkalinised lidocaine on haemodynamic changes and laryngotracheal morbidity in children: a randomised, controlled trial},
	url = {http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0003-2409},
	abstract = {We studied the effects of tracheal tube cuffs filled with air, saline or alkalinised lidocaine on haemodynamic changes during tracheal extubation and postoperative laryngotracheal morbidity in children. We randomly allocated 164 children aged 3-13 years undergoing general anaesthesia to one of four groups; tracheal tube cuffs filled with air (n = 41); saline (n = 41); alkalinised lidocaine 0.5\% (n = 41); or alkalinised lidocaine 1\% (n = 41). Intracuff pressure was monitored and maintained below 20 cmH2O. The mean (SD) increases in systolic blood pressure after tracheal extubation compared with before extubation were 10.9 (10.8) mmHg, 7.3 (17.7) mmHg, 4.1 (10.5) mmHg and 1.9 (9.5) mmHg in the air, saline, 0.5\% and 1\% alkalinised lidocaine groups, respectively (p = 0.021). The mean (SD) increases in diastolic blood pressure after tracheal extubation compared with before extubation were 3.9 (9.7) mmHg, 7.9 (14.6) mmHg, 0.7 (10.4) mmHg and 3.6 (6.9) mmHg in the air, saline, 0.5\% and 1\% alkalinised lidocaine groups, respectively (p = 0.019). The mean (SD) increases in heart rate after tracheal extubation compared with before extubation were 14.2 (7.6) beats.min-1, 15.5 (13.1) beats.min-1, 5.2 (9.6) beats.min-1 and 4.1 (6.6) beats.min-1 in the air, saline, 0.5\% and 1\% alkalinised lidocaine groups, respectively (p {\textless} 0.001). The incidence of sore throat 8 h after tracheal extubation was 22.0\% in the air-filled group, 9.8\% in the saline group, 4.9\% in the 0.5\% alkalinised lidocaine group and 2.4\% in the 1\% alkalinised lidocaine group, p = 0.015. We conclude that filling the tracheal tube cuff with alkalinised lidocaine-filled reduces the haemodynamic response to tracheal extubation and postoperative laryngotracheal morbidity in children. Copyright © 2016 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland},
	journal = {Anaesthesia},
	author = {{Soares S.M.F.} and {Arantes V.M.} and {Modolo M.P.} and {dos Santos V.J.B.} and {Vane L.A.} and {Navarro e Lima L.H.} and {Braz L.G.} and {do Nascimento P.} and {Modolo N.S.P.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*air, *childhood mortality, *diastolic blood pressure, *endotracheal tube, *endotracheal tube cuff, *lidocaine, *lung hemodynamics, *morbidity, *pediatrics, *pneumatic cuff, *respiration control, *sodium chloride, *sore throat, Child, adolescent, alfentanil, anesthesia induction, article, atropine, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, diastolic blood pressure, dipyrone, extubation, female, fentanyl, general anesthesia, heart rate, human, major clinical study, male, neostigmine, ondansetron, postoperative analgesia, preschool child, pressure measurement, propofol, randomized controlled trial, rocuronium, sevoflurane, sore throat/co [Complication], surgery, systolic blood pressure, tramadol}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{miyao_k._multicenter_2017,
	title = {A multicenter phase 2 study of empirical low-dose liposomal amphotericin {B} in patients with refractory febrile neutropenia},
	url = {http://www.springer.com/west/home?SGWID=4-102-70-173744104-0&changeHeader=true},
	abstract = {Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is a major life-threatening problem encountered by patients with hematological malignancies receiving intensive chemotherapy. Empirical antifungal agents are therefore important. Despite the availability of antifungal agents for such situations, the optimal agents and administration methods remain unclear. We conducted a prospective phase 2 study of empirical 1 mg/kg/day liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) in 80 patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. All enrolled patients were high-risk and had recurrent prolonged febrile neutropenia despite having received broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy for at least 72 hours. Fifty-three patients (66.3 \%) achieved the primary endpoint of successful treatment, thus exceeding the predefined threshold success rate. No patients developed IFI. The treatment completion rate was 73.8 \%, and only two cases ceased treatment because of adverse events. The most frequent events were reversible electrolyte abnormalities. We consider low-dose L-AMB to provide comparable efficacy and improved safety and cost-effectiveness when compared with other empirical antifungal therapies. Additional large-scale randomized studies are needed to determine the clinical usefulness of L-AMB relative to other empirical antifungal therapies. Copyright © 2016, The Japanese Society of Hematology.},
	journal = {International Journal of Hematology},
	author = {{Miyao K.} and {Sawa M.} and {Kurata M.} and {Suzuki R.} and {Sakemura R.} and {Sakai T.} and {Kato T.} and {Sahashi S.} and {Tsushita N.} and {Ozawa Y.} and {Tsuzuki M.} and {Kohno A.} and {Adachi T.} and {Watanabe K.} and {Ohbayashi K.} and {Inagaki Y.} and {Atsuta Y.} and {Emi N.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*amphotericin B lipid complex, *amphotericin B lipid complex/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *amphotericin B lipid complex/ct [Clinical Trial], *amphotericin B lipid complex/do [Drug Dose], *amphotericin B lipid complex/dt [Drug Therapy], *amphotericin B lipid complex/iv [Intravenous Drug Administration], *antifungal therapy, *febrile neutropenia, *febrile neutropenia/dt [Drug Therapy], *hematologic malignancy, *recurrent disease/dt [Drug Therapy], Pharmacokinetics, aciclovir, acute lymphoblastic leukemia/dt [Drug Therapy], acute myeloblastic leukemia/dt [Drug Therapy], adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, adverse drug reaction/si [Side Effect], aged, antibiotic therapy, antifungal therapy, antineoplastic agent/dt [Drug Therapy], article, cancer chemotherapy, chronic myeloid leukemia/dt [Drug Therapy], congenital malformation, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, cost effectiveness analysis, drug dose increase, drug efficacy, drug safety, drug therapy, electrolyte, febrile neutropenia/dt [Drug Therapy], female, high risk patient, human, infection prevention, intensive care, low drug dose, lymphoma/dt [Drug Therapy], major clinical study, male, multicenter study, multiple myeloma/dt [Drug Therapy], phase 2 clinical trial, prospective study, randomized controlled trial, recurrent disease/dt [Drug Therapy], safety, side effect, systemic mycosis/dt [Drug Therapy], treatment duration}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{kirton_a._transcranial_2017,
	title = {Transcranial direct current stimulation for children with perinatal stroke and hemiparesis},
	url = {http://www.neurology.org},
	abstract = {Objective: To determine whether the addition of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to intensive therapy increases motor function in children with perinatal stroke and hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Participants were recruited from a population-based cohort with MRI-classified unilateral perinatal stroke, age of 6 to 18 years, and disabling hemiparesis. All completed a goal-directed, peer-supported, 2-week after-school motor learning camp (32 hours of therapy). Participants were randomized 1:1 to 1 mA cathodal tDCS over the contralesional primary motor cortex (M1) for the initial 20 minutes of daily therapy or sham. Primary subjective (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]), objective (Assisting Hand Assessment [AHA]), safety, and secondary outcomes were measured at 1 week and 2 months after intervention. Analysis was by intention to treat. Results: Twenty-four participants were randomized (median age 11.8 +/- 2.7 years, range 6.7-17.8). COPM performance and satisfaction scores doubled at 1 week with sustained gains at 2 months (p {\textless} 0.001). COPM scores increased more with tDCS compared to sham control (p = 0.004). AHA scores demonstrated only mild increases at both time points with no tDCS effects. Procedures were safe and well tolerated with no decrease in either arm function or serious adverse events. Conclusion: TDCS trials appear feasible and safe in hemiparetic children. Lack of change in objective motor function may reflect underdosing of therapy. Marked gains in subjective function with tDCS warrant further study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02170285. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that for children with perinatal stroke and hemiparetic cerebral palsy, the addition of tDCS to moderate-dose motor learning therapy does not significantly improve motor function as measured by the AHA. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Neurology.},
	journal = {Neurology},
	author = {{Kirton A.} and {Ciechanski P.} and {Zewdie E.} and {Andersen J.} and {Nettel-Aguirre A.} and {Carlson H.} and {Carsolio L.} and {Herrero M.} and {Quigley J.} and {Mineyko A.} and {Hodge J.} and {Hill M.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*brain ischemia/th [Therapy], *cerebral palsy/th [Therapy], *cerebrovascular accident, *hemiparesis, *hemiparesis/th [Therapy], *perinatal morbidity, *transcranial direct current stimulation, Child, adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, adverse outcome, arm movement, article, assisting hand assessment, canadian occupational performance measure, cerebral palsy, classification, clinical article, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, cortical electrode, double blind procedure, female, human, intensive care, intention to treat analysis, male, motor learning, motor performance, neurologic disease assessment, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, patient safety, peer group, population based case control study, primary motor cortex, priority journal, randomized controlled trial, safety, satisfaction, school child, side effect}
}

@article{devinsky_trial_2017,
	title = {Trial of {Cannabidiol} for {Drug}-{Resistant} {Seizures} in the {Dravet} {Syndrome}},
	volume = {376},
	issn = {1533-4406 (Electronic) 0028-4793 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa1611618},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Dravet syndrome is a complex childhood epilepsy disorder that is associated with drug-resistant seizures and a high mortality rate. We studied cannabidiol for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures in the Dravet syndrome. METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 120 children and young adults with the Dravet syndrome and drug-resistant seizures to receive either cannabidiol oral solution at a dose of 20 mg per kilogram of body weight per day or placebo, in addition to standard antiepileptic treatment. The primary end point was the change in convulsive-seizure frequency over a 14-week treatment period, as compared with a 4-week baseline period. RESULTS: The median frequency of convulsive seizures per month decreased from 12.4 to 5.9 with cannabidiol, as compared with a decrease from 14.9 to 14.1 with placebo (adjusted median difference between the cannabidiol group and the placebo group in change in seizure frequency, -22.8 percentage points; 95\% confidence interval [CI], -41.1 to -5.4; P=0.01). The percentage of patients who had at least a 50\% reduction in convulsive-seizure frequency was 43\% with cannabidiol and 27\% with placebo (odds ratio, 2.00; 95\% CI, 0.93 to 4.30; P=0.08). The patient's overall condition improved by at least one category on the seven-category Caregiver Global Impression of Change scale in 62\% of the cannabidiol group as compared with 34\% of the placebo group (P=0.02). The frequency of total seizures of all types was significantly reduced with cannabidiol (P=0.03), but there was no significant reduction in nonconvulsive seizures. The percentage of patients who became seizure-free was 5\% with cannabidiol and 0\% with placebo (P=0.08). Adverse events that occurred more frequently in the cannabidiol group than in the placebo group included diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, pyrexia, somnolence, and abnormal results on liver-function tests. There were more withdrawals from the trial in the cannabidiol group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with the Dravet syndrome, cannabidiol resulted in a greater reduction in convulsive-seizure frequency than placebo and was associated with higher rates of adverse events. (Funded by GW Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02091375 .).},
	number = {21},
	journal = {N Engl J Med},
	author = {Devinsky, O. and Cross, J. H. and Laux, L. and Marsh, E. and Miller, I. and Nabbout, R. and Scheffer, I. E. and Thiele, E. A. and Wright, S. and Cannabidiol in Dravet Syndrome Study, Group},
	month = may,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Anticonvulsants/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Cannabidiol/adverse effects/*therapeutic use, Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Epilepsies, Myoclonic/*drug therapy, Fatigue/chemically induced, Female, Humans, Liver Function Tests, Liver/drug effects, Male, Seizures/*prevention \& control},
	pages = {2011--2020},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{torres-santiago_l._does_2017,
	title = {Does oral glutamine improve insulin sensitivity in adolescents with type 1 diabetes?},
	url = {http://www.elsevier.com/locate/nut},
	abstract = {Objective The decline in insulin sensitivity (SI) associated with puberty increases the difficulty of achieving glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to determine whether glutamine supplementation affects blood glucose by enhancing SI in adolescents with T1D. Methods Thirteen adolescents with T1D (HbA1C 8.2 +/- 0.1\%) were admitted to perform afternoon exercise (four 15-min treadmill/5-min rest cycles of exercise) on two occasions within a 4-wk period. They were randomized to receive a drink containing either glutamine (0.25 g/kg) or placebo before exercise, at bedtime, and early morning in a double-blind, crossover design. Blood glucose was monitored overnight, and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed the following morning. Results Blood glucose concentration dropped comparably during exercise on both days. However, the total number of nocturnal hypoglycemic events (17 versus 7, P = 0.045) and the cumulative probability of overnight hypoglycemia (50\% versus 33\%, P = 0.02) were higher on the glutamine day than on the placebo day. During clamp, glucose infusion rate was not affected by glutamine supplementation (7.7 +/- 1 mg * kg-1 * min-1 versus 7.0 +/- 1; glutamine versus placebo; P = 0.4). Conclusions Oral glutamine supplementation decreases blood glucose in adolescents with T1D after exercise. Insulin sensitivity, however, was unaltered during the euglycemic clamp. Although the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated, studies to explore the potential use of glutamine to improve blood glucose control are needed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc.},
	journal = {Nutrition},
	author = {{Torres-Santiago L.} and {Mauras N.} and {Hossain J.} and {Weltman A.L.} and {Darmaun D.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*clamp, *glucagon like peptide 1, *glutamine, *glutamine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *glutamine/cm [Drug Comparison], *glutamine/dt [Drug Therapy], *glutamine/po [Oral Drug Administration], *hyperinsulinism, *hypoglycemia, *insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, *insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/dt [Drug Therapy], *insulin sensitivity, *isotope, *treadmill, adolescent, antidiabetic agent, article, blood glucose monitoring, body mass, carbohydrate intake, clinical article, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, crossover procedure, disease duration, double blind procedure, exercise, fatty acid/ec [Endogenous Compound], female, glucagon like peptide 1/ec [Endogenous Compound], gluconeogenesis, glucose blood level, glucose homeostasis, glucose infusion, glucose metabolism, glucose tolerance, glycemic control, glycogen synthesis, hemoglobin A1c, hemoglobin A1c/ec [Endogenous Compound], human, hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique, hypoglycemia/si [Side Effect], incidence, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/dt [Drug Therapy], insulin resistance, lipolysis, male, placebo, priority journal, probability, puberty, randomized controlled trial, rest, sex ratio, treadmill exercise}
}

@article{kiadaliri_absolute_2016,
	title = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}: {Findings} from the {Urban} {HEART} {Study}-2.},
	volume = {10 Suppl 1},
	issn = {1871-403X},
	shorttitle = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.002},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran. Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to association between socioeconomic status and obesity in the country. The current study aimed to examine educational inequalities among adults in Tehran in 2011.
METHOD: Data on 90,435 persons 18 years and older from Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2) were analyzed. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used for assessing educational inequalities in obesity. These measures were quantified using generalized linear models for the binomial family adjusted for sex and age. Subgroup analysis was conducted across sex, age groups and the 22 districts of Tehran.
RESULTS: Both SII and RII showed substantial educational inequalities in obesity in favour of more educated adults [RII and SII (95\% CI were equal to 2.91 (2.71-3.11) and 0.12 (0.12-0.13)), respectively]. These educational inequalities were persistent even after adjusting for employment, marital status and smoking. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational inequalities were more profound among women. While among men educational inequalities were generally increasing with age, an inverse trend was observed among women. Educational inequalities were observed within all 22 districts of Tehran and generally there were no statistically significant differences between districts.
CONCLUSION: An inverse association between education and obesity was observed in the current study. To decrease educational inequalities in Tehran, priority should be given to younger women and older men. Further analyses are needed to explain these inequalities.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Obesity Research \& Clinical Practice},
	author = {Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. and Asadi-Lari, Mohsen and Kalantari, Naser and Jafari, Mehdi and Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26003304},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Educational Status, Educational inequality, Female, Generalized linear model, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban-HEART, Young Adult},
	pages = {S57--S63},
}

@article{mitchell_physical_2016,
	title = {Physical {Activity} {Benefits} the {Skeleton} of {Children} {Genetically} {Predisposed} to {Lower} {Bone} {Density} in {Adulthood}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1523-4681},
	doi = {10.1002/jbmr.2872},
	abstract = {Both genetics and physical activity (PA) contribute to bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unknown if the benefits of physical activity on childhood bone accretion depend on genetic risk. We, therefore, aimed to determine if PA influenced the effect of bone fragility genetic variants on BMD in childhood. Our sample comprised US children of European ancestry enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (N = 918, aged 5 to 19 years, and 52.4\% female). We used a questionnaire to estimate hours per day spent in total, high-, and low-impact PA. We calculated a BMD genetic score (\% BMD lowering alleles) using adult genome-wide association study (GWAS)-implicated BMD variants. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate femoral neck, total hip, and spine areal-BMD and total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) Z-scores. The BMD genetic score was negatively associated with each bone Z-score (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate = -0.03, p = 1.3 × 10(-6) ). Total PA was positively associated with bone Z-scores; these associations were driven by time spent in high-impact PA (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate = 0.05, p = 4.0 × 10(-10) ) and were observed even for children with lower than average bone Z-scores. We found no evidence of PA-adult genetic score interactions (p interaction {\textgreater} 0.05) at any skeletal site, and there was no evidence of PA-genetic score-Tanner stage interactions at any skeletal site (p interaction {\textgreater} 0.05). However, exploratory analyses at the individual variant level revealed that PA statistically interacted with rs2887571 (ERC1/WNT5B) to influence TBLH-BMC in males (p interaction = 7.1 × 10(-5) ), where PA was associated with higher TBLH-BMC Z-score among the BMD-lowering allele carriers (rs2887571 AA homozygotes: estimate = 0.08 [95\% CI 0.06, 0.11], p = 2.7 × 10(-9) ). In conclusion, the beneficial effect of PA on bone, especially high-impact PA, applies to the average child and those genetically predisposed to lower adult BMD (based on GWAS-implicated BMD variants). Independent replication of our exploratory individual variant findings is warranted. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
	author = {Mitchell, Jonathan A. and Chesi, Alessandra and Elci, Okan and McCormack, Shana E. and Roy, Sani M. and Kalkwarf, Heidi J. and Lappe, Joan M. and Gilsanz, Vicente and Oberfield, Sharon E. and Shepherd, John A. and Kelly, Andrea and Grant, Struan Fa and Zemel, Babette S.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27172274},
	pmcid = {PMC4970901},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, BONE MINERAL DENSITY, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, CHILDREN, Child, Cohort Studies, EXERCISE, Exercise, Female, GENETIC, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1504--1512}
}

@article{garbati_infections_2016,
	title = {Infections due to {Carbapenem} {Resistant} {Enterobacteriaceae} among {Saudi} {Arabian} {Hospitalized} {Patients}: {A} {Matched} {Case}-{Control} {Study}.},
	volume = {2016},
	issn = {2314-6141},
	abstract = {Background. We conducted this case-control study to determine the risk factors and treatment outcome of infections due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in our institution. Methods. This is a matched case-control study of patients with infection due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE), from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2012 and December 2013. Results. During this period, 29 cases and 58 controls were studied. The mean ages of the cases (55.4 years) and controls (54.7 years) were similar (p = 0.065). Cases had higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (3.1) than controls (1.9), p = 0.026. Several factors contributed to infection among the studied population. Prior uses of piperacillin-tazobactam, a carbapenem, a quinolone, and metronidazole were significantly associated with CRE infections. Nine of the cases died compared with 7 of the controls, p = 0.031. Mortality was associated with advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, ICU stay, and receipt of invasive procedures. Conclusions. Infections due to CRE resulted in a significantly increased mortality. Combination antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality. Properly designed randomized controlled studies are required to better characterize these findings.},
	number = {101600173},
	journal = {BioMed research international},
	author = {Garbati, M A and Sakkijha, H and Abushaheen, A},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Garbati, M A. Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Sakkijha, H. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Abushaheen, A. Scientific Research and Publication Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.},
	keywords = {*Carbapenems/tu [Therapeutic Use], *Cross Infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Cross Infection/mo [Mortality], *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/dt [Drug Therapy], *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mo [Mortality], Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cross Infection/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae/cl [Classification], Enterobacteriaceae/de [Drug Effects], Enterobacteriaceae/ip [Isolation \& Purification], Hospitalization/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Humans, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia/ep [Epidemiology], adolescent, adult, aged, female, incidence, male, middle aged, survival rate, treatment outcome, young adult},
	pages = {3961684}
}

@misc{vassiliou_l.-v._impact_2016,
	title = {Impact of malignant cerebral artery infarction guidelines on the profile of the cranioplasty service},
	abstract = {Background: Early decompressive craniectomy (DC) for malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction leads to improved survival, as demonstrated by three multicenter randomized controlled trials (DECIMAL, DESTINY, HAMLET). The survivors of a malignant MCA stroke manifest complex medical and neurological problems along with extensive calvarial defects that require cranioplasty.Aims and methodology: This is a retrospective study from a tertiary referral center. We assess the impact of the new MCA stroke guidelines in the number of craniectomy patients referred for cranioplasty. We analyze the postoperative course of this specific subgroup of patients and we compare it against the contemporary cranioplasties population (craniectomy defects following traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic strokes, oncological ablation, or infections).Results: Data of 78 patients (46 male, 32 female) referred for cranioplasty were analyzed over a 2-year period. Mean age was 42 years (range 12-73). In a representative year (2011), prior to the new stroke guidelines, only 4/30 (13\%) cases had DC for malignant MCA infarction, whereas subsequently in 2015, 15/48 (31\%) of the cranioplasty candidates had previously suffered malignant MCA infarction. Whilst the majority of patients were discharged on the third postoperative day and the overall complication rate was low (7\%), the postoperative course of post-malignant MCA patients was often complicated due to associated medical comorbidities leading to prolonged hospital stay.Conclusion: Reconstruction of the cranial vault in patients post-craniectomy for malignant MCA infarction poses complex perioperative challenges. The increasing demand for cranioplasty in this subset of patients necessitates appropriate neuro-intensive care infrastructure and expertise.},
	journal = {British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery},
	author = {{Vassiliou L.-V.} and {Kim E.E.-Y.} and {Williams L.} and {Bentley R.P.}},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {*cerebral artery disease, *consensus development, *cranioplasty, Child, adolescent, adult, aged, brain hemorrhage, cancer epidemiology, clinical trial, comorbidity, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, decompressive craniectomy, female, hospitalization, human, infection, intensive care, major clinical study, male, multicenter study, randomized controlled trial, retrospective study, surgery, survivor, tertiary care center, traumatic brain injury}
}

@misc{sourdon_j._exploration_2016,
	title = {Exploration of glucose metabolism dysregulation and vascular dysfunction of anti-angiogenic related cardiotoxicity by dynamic {FDG} {PET} scanner},
	abstract = {Since neovascularization through angiogenesis is a major event during tumor development, antiangiogenic chemotherapy has been proposed as cancer treatment intended to prevent tumor development. However, drugs targeting angiogenesis may induce severe systemic side effects such as hypertension (Gupta R, Curr Hypertens Rep 2011). During a PET imaging study with the multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, we observed an increase in 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) uptake in the myocardium of nude mice (Figure 1). Here, we aim to explore further with PET the effect of sunitinib on the myocardium and subsequently develop a protocol to study pathophysiology of chemo-therapy induced cardiotoxicity. Four groups of mice (aged 17-20 weeks) were compared: (1) nude mice treated with sunitinib 50 mg.kg-1 (n=9), (2) nude mice treated with placebo (DMSO + PBS) (n=6), (3) C57Bl6 mice treated with sunitinib 50 mg.kg-1 (n=6), (4) C57Bl6 mice treated with placebo (n=6). Mice were fasted and a baseline PET dataset was acquired in a nanoScan PET-CT camera (Mediso, Hungary) during 60 min after IV injection of 10 MBq 18FDG. Mice were then treated by gavage with sunitinib or placebo during 5 days, followed by a post-treatment PET-CT at day 7. Heart FDG images were analyzed using PMOD software. C57Bl6 mice were also explored by echocardiography at baseline and post-treatment using a Vevo 2100 (VisualSonics, Canada). Heart samples were collected and rapidly frozen for histology and molecular investigations. Compared to baseline, SUV was increased by 50+/-13 percent in nude mice treated with sunitinib (p=0.0003) while it increased only by 17+/-26 percent in the placebo-treated group (n.s). In the sunitinib group, compartmental modeling demonstrated a significant increase of 57+/-11 percent of the metabolic rate of glucose (p=0.002); However, this was associated with a significant decrease of glucose Influx Rate Constant (ml/ccm/min) compared to baseline (p=0.001), while these parameters remained unchanged in the placebo group (Figure 2). In C57Bl6 mice, PET results were similar and moreover, sunitinib-treatment induced a dramatic reduction of cardiac output down by 59+/-36 percent (p=0.01), while in placebo-treated mice there was a slight increase of 13+/-22 percent (n.s). Lectine immunostaining were performed and showed no difference in the number of capillaries between groups. Proteomics and western blotting revealed metabolic pathways alterations with principally a switch for anaerobic carbohydrate utilization. In conclusion, molecular imaging revealed sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity. This study showed myocardium vascular dysfunction which led to metabolic dysregulation with a shift for glycolytic phenotype. Work is in progress in our laboratory to follow pathophysiology using our new imaging device PET Registered Ultrafast Sonography in a long term treatment study and for validation with molecular mechanisms. We believe this study could be easily use as follow-up for pharmacological and clinical protocols since we know that metabolic dysregulation is responsible for contractile dysfunction (Kundu BK, Cardiology 2015). [IMAGE PRESENTED].},
	journal = {Molecular Imaging and Biology},
	author = {{Sourdon J.} and {Viel T.} and {Balvay D.} and {Lager F.} and {Renault G.} and {Tavitian B.}},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {*PET scanner, *cardiotoxicity, *glucose metabolism, C57BL 6 mouse, Canada, Hungary, Software, Western blotting, adolescent, animal experiment, animal model, animal tissue, capillary, carbohydrate absorption, cardiology, chemotherapy, clinical protocol, compartment model, controlled study, drug therapy, drug toxicity, echocardiography, endogenous compound, enteric feeding, follow up, glucose, glucose transport, heart output, immunohistochemistry, influx rate constant, intravenous drug administration, metabolic rate, molecular imaging, mouse, nonhuman, phenotype, placebo, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, proteomics, side effect, sunitinib, tyrosine kinase receptor, validation process}
}

@article{ozturk_comparison_2016,
	title = {Comparison of {Transcutaneous} {Electrical} {Nerve} {Stimulation} and {Parasternal} {Block} for {Postoperative} {Pain} {Management} after {Cardiac} {Surgery}.},
	volume = {2016},
	issn = {1918-1523},
	abstract = {Background. Parasternal block and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have been demonstrated to produce effective analgesia and reduce postoperative opioid requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objectives. To compare the effectiveness of TENS and parasternal block on early postoperative pain after cardiac surgery. Methods. One hundred twenty patients undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled in the present randomized, controlled prospective study. Patients were assigned to three treatment groups: parasternal block, intermittent TENS application, or a control group. Results. Pain scores recorded 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h, and 8h postoperatively were lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. Total morphine consumption was also lower in the parasternal block group than in the TENS and control groups. It was also significantly lower in the TENS group than in the control group. There were no statistical differences among the groups regarding the extubation time, rescue analgesic medication, length of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay. Conclusions. Parasternal block was more effective than TENS in the management of early postoperative pain and the reduction of opioid requirements in patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02725229.},
	number = {9612504},
	journal = {Pain research \& management},
	author = {Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut and Baki, Elif Dogan and Kavakli, Ali Sait and Sahin, Ayca Sultan and Ayoglu, Raif Umut and Karaveli, Arzu and Emmiler, Mustafa and Inanoglu, Kerem and Karsli, Bilge},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Ozturk, Nilgun Kavrut. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Baki, Elif Dogan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon, Turkey.
Kavakli, Ali Sait. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Sahin, Ayca Sultan. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Ayoglu, Raif Umut. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Karaveli, Arzu. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Emmiler, Mustafa. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Inanoglu, Kerem. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Varlik Mahallesi, Kazim Karabekir Cadde, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.
Karsli, Bilge. Department of Algology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, 07100 Antalya, Turkey.},
	keywords = {*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ae [Adverse Effects], *Nerve Block/mt [Methods], *Pain, Postoperative/et [Etiology], *Pain, Postoperative/th [Therapy], *Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/mt [Methods], Adjuvants, Anesthesia/tu [Therapeutic Use], Diazepam/tu [Therapeutic Use], Heart Diseases/su [Surgery], Humans, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, adolescent, adult, aged, female, male, middle aged, treatment outcome, visual analog scale, young adult},
	pages = {4261949}
}

@article{ariza_neuropsychological_2016,
	title = {Neuropsychological performance of young familial hypercholesterolemia patients},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {1879-0828},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2016.05.009},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {European Journal of Internal Medicine},
	author = {Ariza, Mar and Cuenca, Natalia and Mauri, Marta and Jurado, M. Angels and Garolera, Maite},
	month = oct,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27264249},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Cholesterol, Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive impairment, Executive Function, Executive function, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Female, Humans, Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined, Male, Neuropsychology, Spain, Young Adult, Young adults},
	pages = {e29--e31},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{fan_m.-c._early_2016,
	title = {Early {Enteral} {Combined} with {Parenteral} {Nutrition} {Treatment} for {Severe} {Traumatic} {Brain} {Injury}: {Effects} on {Immune} {Function}, {Nutritional} {Status} and {Outcomes}},
	url = {http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/722893/description#description},
	abstract = {Objective To compare the conjoint effect of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) with single EN or PN on immune function, nutritional status, complications and clinical outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI). Methods A prospective randomized control trial was carried out from January 2009 to May 2012 in Neurological Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Patients of STBI who met the enrolment criteria (Glasgow Coma Scale score 6{\textasciitilde}8; Nutritional Risk Screening {\textgreater} 3) were randomly divided into 3 groups and were administrated EN, PN or EN + PN treatments respectively. The indexes of nutritional status, immune function, complications and clinical outcomes were examined and compared statistically. Results There were 120 patients enrolled in the study, with 40 pationts in each group. In EN+PN group, T lymthocyte subsets CD3+\%, CD4+\%, ratio of CD3+/CD25+, ratio of CD4+/CD8+, the plasma levels of IgA, IgM, and IgG at 20 days after nutritional treatment were significantly increased compared to the baseline(t=4.32-30.00, P{\textless}0.01), and they were significantly higher than those of PN group (t=2.44-14.70; P{\textless}0.05, or P{\textless}0.01) with exception of CD4+/CD8+, higher than those of EN group (t=2.49-13.31, P{\textless}0.05, or P{\textless}0.01) with exceptions of CD3+/CD25+, CD4+/CD8+, IgG and IgM. For the nutritional status, the serum total protein, albumin, prealbumin and hemoglobin were significantly higher in the EN (t=5.87-11.91; P{\textless}0.01) and EN+PN groups (t=6.12-13.12; P{\textless}0.01) than those in PN group after nutrition treatment. The serum prealbumin was higher in EN+PN group than that in EN group (t=2.08; P{\textless}0.05). Compared to the PN group, the complication occurrence rates of EN+PN group were significantly lower in stress ulcer (22.5\% vs. 47.5\%; chi2= 8.24, P{\textless}0.01), intracranial infection (12.5\% vs 32.5\%;chi2= 6.88, P{\textless}0.01) and pyemia (25.0\% vs. 47.5\%; chi2= 6.57, P{\textless}0.05). Compared to the EN group, the complication occurrence rates of EN+PN group were significantly lower in aspirated pneumonia (27.5\% vs. 50.0\%; chi2= 6.39, P{\textless}0.05), hypoproteinemia (17.5\% vs. 55.0\%; chi2= 18.26, P{\textless}0.01) and diarrhea (20.0\% vs. 60.0\%; chi2 = 20.00, P{\textless}0.01). The EN+PN group also had significant less length of stay in NICU (t=2.51, 4.82; P{\textless}0.05, P{\textless}0.01), number of patients receiving assisted mechanical ventilation (chi2= 6.08, 12.88; P{\textless}0.05, P{\textless}0.01) and its durations (t=3.41, 9.08; P{\textless}0.05, P{\textless}0.01), and the death rate (chi2=7.50, 16.37; P{\textless}0.05, P{\textless}0.01) than those of EN or PN group. Conclusion Early EN+PN treatment could promote the recovery of the immune function, enhance nutritional status, decrease complications and improve the clinical outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Copyright © 2016 Chinese Academy Medical Sciences},
	journal = {Chinese Medical Sciences Journal},
	author = {{Fan M.-C.} and {Wang Q.-L.} and {Fang W.} and {Jiang Y.-X.} and {Li L.-D.} and {Sun P.} and {Wang Z.-H.}},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {*enteric feeding, *nutritional status, *parenteral nutrition, *traumatic brain injury, CD25+ T lymphocyte, CD3 CD25 ratio, CD3 antigen, CD3 antigen/ec [Endogenous Compound], CD3+ T lymphocyte, CD4 CD8 ratio, CD4 antigen, CD4 antigen/ec [Endogenous Compound], CD4+ T lymphocyte, CD8 antigen/ec [Endogenous Compound], adolescent, adult, albumin, albumin/ec [Endogenous Compound], article, artificial ventilation, brain infection, clinical outcome, complication, complication/co [Complication], controlled study, diarrhea, endogenous compound, female, gene expression, hemoglobin, hemoglobin/ec [Endogenous Compound], human, human tissue, hypoproteinemia, immune system, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin A/ec [Endogenous Compound], immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin G/ec [Endogenous Compound], immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin M/ec [Endogenous Compound], immunoglobulin blood level, infection, injury severity, interleukin 2 receptor alpha/ec [Endogenous Compound], length of stay, lymphocyte count, major clinical study, male, mortality rate, neurological intensive care unit, nutritional status, plasma, pneumonia, prealbumin, prealbumin/ec [Endogenous Compound], prospective study, protein, protein/ec [Endogenous Compound], randomized controlled trial, remission, skull, stress ulcer}
}

@article{short_anthropometric_2015,
	title = {Anthropometric models of bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density based on the bone mineral density in childhood study},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1433-2965},
	doi = {10.1007/s00198-014-2916-x},
	abstract = {New models describing anthropometrically adjusted normal values of bone mineral density and content in children have been created for the various measurement sites. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.
INTRODUCTION: Previous descriptions of children's bone mineral measurements by age have focused on segmenting diverse populations by race and sex without adjusting for anthropometric variables or have included the effects of a single anthropometric variable.
METHODS: We applied multivariate semi-metric smoothing to the various pediatric bone-measurement sites using data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study to evaluate which of sex, race, age, height, weight, percent body fat, and sexual maturity explain variations in the population's bone mineral values. By balancing high adjusted R(2) values with clinical needs, two models are examined.
RESULTS: At the spine, whole body, whole body sub head, total hip, hip neck, and forearm sites, models were created using sex, race, age, height, and weight as well as an additional set of models containing these anthropometric variables and percent body fat. For bone mineral density, weight is more important than percent body fat, which is more important than height. For bone mineral content, the order varied by site with body fat being the weakest component. Including more anthropometrics in the model reduces the overlap of the critical groups, identified as those individuals with a Z-score below -2, from the standard sex, race, and age model.
CONCLUSIONS: If body fat is not available, the simpler model including height and weight should be used. The inclusion of multiple explanatory variables in the models provides the opportunity to calculate Z-scores that are adjusted with respect to the relevant anthropometric parameters.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
	author = {Short, D. F. and Gilsanz, V. and Kalkwarf, H. J. and Lappe, J. M. and Oberfield, S. and Shepherd, J. A. and Winer, K. K. and Zemel, B. S. and Hangartner, T. N.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25311106},
	pmcid = {PMC4768717},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Age Factors, Algorithms, Anthropometry, Body Height, Body Weight, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Child, Child, Preschool, Continental Population Groups, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Theoretical, Sex Factors, Young Adult},
	pages = {1099--1108}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{plambech_m.z._dexmedetomidine_2015,
	title = {Dexmedetomidine in the pediatric population: {A} review},
	url = {http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getpdf/sbNvoPlJhvv6bbyfsqY76tEZcB64PRPRZhQ7XFLHe60Q6OIPvcRxmU6QbTTdsDC59xcyai%252BPQuY95g446wPjIA%253D%253D/R02Y2015N03A0320.pdf},
	abstract = {Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist approved only for sedation in adult intensive care patients, is increasingly used off-label in- and outside Europe in the pediatric setting for various indications such as to prevent agitation, as premedication in the form of intranasal, buccal and oral solution, as adjunct for elective surgery, as sedative for magnetic resonance imaging, as intraoperative analgesia, for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and as adjuvant to ropi- and bupivacaine for nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine is also used intravenously at different intensive care units with the purpose of sedation of children. In this paper, we assess 51 minor trials in the form of 44 randomized controlled trials and 7 prospective observational studies in an attempt to update the available evidence on dexmedetomidine use in pediatrics. Furthermore, we discuss its potential indications, benefits and adverse effects. However, it is important to state that much of the existing evidence favoring dexmedetomidine in children is either extrapolated from adult studies or based on small randomized controlled trials and observational studies with their inherent methodological shortcomings and confounding factors. Based on the best current evidence dexmedetomidine is found suitable and safe for various indications. However, in order to discover its full potential, indications, dosing and safety profile for various ages and procedures, it should urgently be examined by conducting good quality pediatric trials. Finally, we provide the readers with guidance on how to apply and dose dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation and for other indications. Copyright COPYRIGHT © 2015 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.},
	journal = {Minerva Anestesiologica},
	author = {{Plambech M.Z.} and {Afshari A.}},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {*anesthesia, *child, *deep sedation, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *dexmedetomidine/na [Intranasal Drug Administration], *human, *pediatrics, *population, Child, Europe, adjuvant, adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, agitation, agonist, analgesia, article, bupivacaine, cardiovascular effect, clinical protocol, elective surgery, extracorporeal lithotripsy, human, infant, intensive care, intensive care unit, intranasal drug administration, intraoperative analgesia, intraoperative period, meta analysis (topic), nerve block, newborn, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, observational study, patient, pediatrics, perioperative period, phase 1 clinical trial (topic), premedication, procedures, randomized controlled trial (topic), reading, safety, sedation, sedative agent, side effect/si [Side Effect], systematic review (topic)}
}

@article{
 title = {Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aging,Brain,Brain: pathology,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,Female,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Marijuana Smoking,Marijuana Smoking: pathology,Retrospective Studies,Statistics, Nonparametric,Young Adult},
 id = {16df742c-e4c4-381b-a7c2-b594d11f069a},
 created = {2016-01-05T19:45:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {50a856f4-e41b-3395-a32c-35f3a97eb9f9},
 group_id = {41f9b5d2-912d-3281-b756-e2d6e7ccfec5},
 last_modified = {2016-01-05T19:45:08.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Recent research has suggested that marijuana use is associated with volumetric and shape differences in subcortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, in a dose-dependent fashion. Replication of such results in well controlled studies is essential to clarify the effects of marijuana. To that end, this retrospective study examined brain morphology in a sample of adult daily marijuana users (n = 29) versus nonusers (n = 29) and a sample of adolescent daily users (n = 50) versus nonusers (n = 50). Groups were matched on a critical confounding variable, alcohol use, to a far greater degree than in previously published studies. We acquired high-resolution MRI scans, and investigated group differences in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and shape analysis in structures suggested to be associated with marijuana use, as follows: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. No statistically significant differences were found between daily users and nonusers on volume or shape in the regions of interest. Effect sizes suggest that the failure to find differences was not due to a lack of statistical power, but rather was due to the lack of even a modest effect. In sum, the results indicate that, when carefully controlling for alcohol use, gender, age, and other variables, there is no association between marijuana use and standard volumetric or shape measurements of subcortical structures. },
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Weiland, B. J. and Thayer, R. E. and Depue, B. E. and Sabbineni, a. and Bryan, a. D. and Hutchison, K. E.},
 journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}
}

@article{robinson_effects_2015,
	title = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}: {A} {Preliminary} {Study}},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {1534-7796},
	shorttitle = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}},
	doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000222},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Psychological interventions administered before wounding can reduce stress and improve healing. However, in many cases, it would be more practical for interventions to be delivered after wounding. This preliminary study investigated whether a brief relaxation intervention could improve healing when administered either before or after skin damage produced by tape stripping in comparison to a control group.
METHODS: One hundred twenty-one healthy adults were randomized into one of three groups: (a) relaxation prestripping group, (b) relaxation poststripping group, or (c) no relaxation. Participants completed measures of stress, fatigue, relaxation, and pain. Relaxation consisted of listening to 20 minutes of guided relaxation, whereas the control condition was quiet reading for 20 minutes. Skin barrier function was measured using transepidermal water loss at baseline, immediately after tape stripping and 25 minutes later.
RESULTS: Relaxation either before or after tape stripping improved skin barrier recovery compared with the control group (F(2,92) = 3.58, p = .032, partial η = 0.074). Participants who took part in the relaxation intervention were significantly more relaxed and reported greater reductions in pain than the control group did 25 minutes after tape stripping. Perceived stress over the last month was not significantly related to healing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a relaxation intervention had a beneficial effect on skin barrier recovery regardless of whether the intervention was administered before or after wounding. Future research needs to replicate these findings in other wound types and in clinical settings, and investigate the biological mechanisms involved.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	author = {Robinson, Hayley and Jarrett, Paul and Broadbent, Elizabeth},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26335334},
	note = {00002 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Epidermis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recovery of Function, Relaxation Therapy, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Treatment Outcome, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
	pages = {844--852}
}

@article{wiwatanadate_acute_2014,
	title = {Acute air pollution-related symptoms among residents in {Chiang} {Mai}, {Thailand}},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0022-0892},
	abstract = {Open burnings (forest fires, agricultural, and garbage burnings) are the major sources of air pollution in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A time series prospective study was conducted in which 3025 participants were interviewed for 19 acute symptoms with the daily records of ambient air pollutants: particulate matter less than 10 microm in size (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). PM10 was positively associated with blurred vision with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.009. CO was positively associated with lower lung and heart symptoms with adjusted ORs of 1.137 and 1.117. NO2 was positively associated with nosebleed, larynx symptoms, dry cough, lower lung symptoms, heart symptoms, and eye irritation with the range of adjusted ORs (ROAORs) of 1.024 to 1.229. SO2 was positively associated with swelling feet, skin symptoms, eye irritation, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 1.205 to 2.948. Conversely, O3 was negatively related to running nose, burning nose, dry cough, body rash, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 0.891 to 0.979.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Health},
	author = {Wiwatanadate, Phongtape},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24645417},
	note = {00003 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Particulate Matter, Prospective Studies, Respiration Disorders, Thailand, Weather},
	pages = {76--84}
}

@article{fisher_fatal_2014,
	title = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning: {England} and {Wales}, 1979-2012},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {1556-9519},
	shorttitle = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning},
	doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.887092},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. METHODS.
STUDY DESIGN: observational case series. Data on fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in England and Wales from 1979 to 2012 were obtained from coroner reports. Data on unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted and were analysed by year of registration of death, sex, age group, and whether death occurred at a private house, flat, associated garage, or residential caravan ('home'), or elsewhere.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were 28,944 carbon monoxide-related deaths, of which 82\% were male. Deaths increased from 965 (1979) to 1700 (1987), and then fell to 182 (2012). Of these 2208 (64\% male) were recorded as unintentional non-fire-related deaths. Annual numbers of these latter deaths fell from 166 in 1979 to 25 in 2012 (i.e. from 3.37 to 0.44 per million population). Some 81 and 92\% of such deaths in males and in females, respectively, occurred at 'home'. A clear preponderance of male versus female deaths was seen in the 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years age groups, with similar numbers of deaths in males and in females in the younger ({\textless} 1 and 1-9 year) and higher (65-79 and 80 + years) age groups. A higher proportion of these excess deaths in males occurred outside the deceased's 'home' in those aged 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years.
CONCLUSION: Deaths from unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning are now much less common in England and Wales than in earlier years, but remain a cause for concern. Installation and proper maintenance of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings and outhouses, for example, and education not only of the public, but also of health and other professionals as to the danger posed by carbon monoxide could help prevent such deaths.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
	author = {Fisher, D. S. and Leonardi, G. and Flanagan, R. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24533843},
	note = {00006 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Child, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Wales},
	pages = {166--170}
}

@article{huntington_serious_2014,
	title = {Serious adverse effects from single-use detergent sacs: report from a {U}.{S}. statewide poison control system},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {1556-9519},
	shorttitle = {Serious adverse effects from single-use detergent sacs},
	doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.892122},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, serious adverse effects to children from exposure to single-use detergents sacs (SUDS) have been recognized. While most exposures result in minor symptoms, there have been serious outcomes. This study aims to classify which types of serious outcomes follow SUDS exposures, and to assess, if possible, differences in toxicity between various SUDS products.
METHODS: An observational case series with data collected retrospectively was performed for cases of SUDS exposures reported to a statewide poison system's records database from 1 January 2012 to 31 March 2013. Cases were identified and analyzed for clinical details and trends. A statewide database was queried for cases involving the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) product-specific codes for SUDS products using following search terms: laundry pods, the AAPCC product-specific codes for Tide Pods, Purex Ultrapacks, ALL Mighty Pacs, and a unique agent code (AAPCC ID: 6903138; Generic: 077900) created by AAPCC to track SUDS exposures.
RESULTS: A total of 804 cases of exposures to SUDS were identified, the majority of which were exploratory ingestions in young children with a median age of 2 years. Serious adverse effects resulted from 65 (9\%) exposures and 27 (3\%) exposures resulted in admission to hospital. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of central nervous system (CNS) or respiratory system effects were associated with more severe outcomes, with a model accuracy of 96.4\%. There were significant differences in morbidity among the three most common brand-name products: when compared with Tide Pods, odds ratios (OR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI) for severe outcome and admission rate were significantly greater following Purex Ultrapack exposures (severity OR 5.1 [CI: 2.13-12.23]; admission OR 10.36 [CI: 3.23-33.22]) and ALL Mighty Pac exposures (severity OR 11.22 [CI: 4.78-28.36]; admission OR 15.20 [CI: 5.01-46.12]).
CONCLUSIONS: Serious complications from exposure to SUDS occur in a small number of exposures for unclear reasons. Respiratory and CNS effects are associated with more severe outcomes. Some brand-name products are associated with a relatively higher risk of severe adverse effects and rates of admission.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
	author = {Huntington, S. and Heppner, J. and Vohra, R. and Mallios, R. and Geller, R. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24580062},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Detergents, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Poison Control Centers, Retrospective Studies, United States},
	pages = {220--225}
}

@article{tan_identification_2013,
	title = {Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute  central nervous system infections.},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2150-7511},
	doi = {10.1128/mBio.00231-13},
	abstract = {Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4\% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58\%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {mBio},
	author = {Tan, Le Van and van Doorn, H. Rogier and Nghia, Ho Dang Trung and Chau, Tran Thi Hong and Tu, Le Thi Phuong and de Vries, Michel and Canuti, Marta and Deijs, Martin and Jebbink, Maarten F. and Baker, Stephen and Bryant, Juliet E. and Tham, Nguyen Thi and BKrong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh and Boni, Maciej F. and Loi, Tran Quoc and Phuong, Le Thi and Verhoeven, Joost T. P. and Crusat, Martin and Jeeninga, Rienk E. and Schultsz, Constance and Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh and Hien, Tran Tinh and van der Hoek, Lia and Farrar, Jeremy and de Jong, Menno D.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23781068},
	pmcid = {PMC3684831},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Circoviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vietnam, Young Adult},
	pages = {e00231--00213},
}

@article{theophile_comparison_2013,
	title = {Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the {Naranjo} and {Liverpool} algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1179-1942},
	doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0083-1},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference.
METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 \%), followed by 'probable' (35 \%), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 \% each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 \%) and 'probable' (30 \%) followed by 'definite' (7 \%) and 'unlikely' (2 \%). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm.
CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Drug Safety},
	author = {Théophile, Hélène and André, Manon and Miremont-Salamé, Ghada and Arimone, Yannick and Bégaud, Bernard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23828659},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Expert Testimony, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Judgment, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacovigilance, Sensitivity and Specificity},
	pages = {1033--1044}
}

@article{dommett_features_2013,
	title = {Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care: a population-based nested case-control study},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {1532-1827},
	shorttitle = {Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care},
	doi = {10.1038/bjc.2013.191},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Teenagers and young adults (TYA, 15-24 years) diagnosed with cancer report repeated visits to primary care before referral. We investigated associations of symptoms and consultation frequency in primary care with TYA cancers.
METHODS: Population-based, case-control study was carried out using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). A total of 1064 TYA diagnosed with cancer were matched to 13,206 controls. Symptoms independently associated with specific cancers were identified. Likelihood ratios (LRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated.
RESULTS: In the 3 months before diagnosis, 397 (42.9\%) cases consulted {\textgreater} or =4 times vs 593(11.5\%) controls (odds ratio (OR): 12.1; 95\% CI: 9.7, 15.1), yielding a PPV for any cancer of 0.018\%. The LR of lymphoma with a head/neck mass was 434 (95\% CI: 60, 3158), with a PPV of 0.5\%. Corresponding figures in other cancers included - LR of leukaemia with lymphadenopathy (any site): 29 (95\% CI: 8, 112), PPV 0.015\%; LR of CNS tumour with seizure: 56 (95\% CI: 19, 163), PPV 0.024\%; and LR of sarcoma with lump/mass/swelling: 79 (95\% CI: 24, 264), PPV 0.042\%.
CONCLUSION: Teenagers and young adults with cancer consulted more frequently than controls in the 3 months before diagnosis. Primary care features of cancer match secondary care reports, but were of very low risk; nonetheless, some features increased the likelihood of cancer substantially and should be taken seriously when assessing TYA.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	author = {Dommett, R. M. and Redaniel, M. T. and Stevens, M. C. G. and Hamilton, W. and Martin, R. M.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23619924},
	pmcid = {PMC3681013},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Great Britain, Humans, Neoplasms, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Risk, Young Adult},
	pages = {2329--2333}
}

@article{cornish_socio-economic_2013,
	title = {Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity: a study using linkage between the {Avon} {Longitudinal} {Study} of {Parents} and {Children} and the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1475-9276},
	shorttitle = {Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity},
	doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-12-66},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In adults, multimorbidity is associated with social position. Socially disadvantaged adults typically experience more chronic illness at a younger age than comparable individuals who are more advantaged. The relation between social position and multimorbidity amongst children and adolescents has not been as widely studied and is less clear.
METHODS: The NHS Information Centre (NHS IC) linked participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Multimorbidity was measured in three different ways: using a count of the number of drugs prescribed, a count of chronic diseases, and a person's predicted resource use score; the latter two measures were derived using the Johns Hopkins ACG system. A number of different socio-economic position variables measured as part of ALSPAC during pregnancy and early childhood were considered. Ordered logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to investigate associations between socio-economic variables and multimorbidity.
RESULTS: After mutually adjusting for the different markers of socio-economic position, there was evidence, albeit weak, that chronic condition counts among children aged from 0 to 9 years were higher among those whose mothers were less well educated (OR = 0.44; 95\% confidence interval 0.18-1.10; p = 0.08). Conversely, children whose mothers were better educated had higher rates of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR = 1.94; 95\% CI 1.14-3.30). However, living in a more deprived area, as indicated by the Townsend score, was associated with a higher odds of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR for each increasing decile of Townsend score = 1.09; 95\% CI 1.00-1.19; p = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS: We have found some evidence that, in younger children, multimorbidity may be higher amongst children whose parents are less well educated. In older children and adolescents this association is less clear. We have also demonstrated that linkage between prospective observational studies and electronic patient records can provide an effective way of obtaining objectively measured outcome variables.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
	author = {Cornish, Rosie P. and Boyd, Andy and Van Staa, Tjeerd and Salisbury, Chris and Macleod, John},
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23962118},
	pmcid = {PMC3751770},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Drug Prescriptions, Educational Status, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Regression Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors},
	pages = {66}
}

@article{abdul_sultan_incidence_2013,
	title = {The incidence of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy using linked primary and secondary care data: a population based cohort study from {England} and comparative meta-analysis},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	shorttitle = {The incidence of first venous thromboembolism in and around pregnancy using linked primary and secondary care data},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0070310},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent linkage between primary and secondary care data has provided valuable information for studying heath outcomes that may initially present in different health care settings. The aim of this study was therefore, twofold: to use linked primary and secondary care data to determine an optimum definition for estimating the incidence of first VTE in and around pregnancy; and secondly to conduct a systematic literature review of studies on perinatal VTE incidence with the purpose of comparing our estimates.
METHODS: We used primary care data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), which incorporates linkages to secondary care contained within Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) between 1997 and 2010 to estimate the incidence rate of VTE in the antepartum and postpartum period. We systematically searched the literature on the incidence of VTE during antepartum and postpartum periods and performed a meta-analysis to provide comparison.
FINDINGS: Using combined CPRD and HES data and a restrictive VTE definition, the absolute rate during the antepartum period and first six weeks postpartum (early postpartum) were 99 (95\%CI 85-116) and 468 (95\%CI 391-561) per 100,000 person-years respectively. These were comparable to the pooled estimates from our meta-analysis (using studies after 2005) during the antepartum period (118/100,000 person-years) and early postpartum (424/100,000 person-years). When we used only secondary care data to identify VTE events, incidence was lower during the early postpartum period (308/100,000 person-years), whereas relying only on primary care data lead to lower incidence during the time around delivery, but higher rates during the postpartum period (558/100,000 person-years).
CONCLUSION: Using combined CPRD and HES data gives estimates of the risk of VTE in and around pregnancy that are comparable to the existing literature. It also provides more accurate estimation of the date of VTE diagnosis which will allow risk stratification during specific pregnancy and postpartum periods.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {PloS One},
	author = {Abdul Sultan, Alyshah and Tata, Laila J. and Grainge, Matthew J. and West, Joe},
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23922975},
	pmcid = {PMC3726432},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Cohort Studies, England, Female, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic, Primary Health Care, Public Health Surveillance, Secondary Care, Venous Thromboembolism, Young Adult, incidence, pregnancy},
	pages = {e70310}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{noauthor_myopia_2013,
	title = {Myopia {Stabilization} and {Associated} {Factors} {Among} {Participants} in the {Correction} of {Myopia} {Evaluation} {Trial} ({COMET})},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {1552-5783},
	url = {http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1167/iovs.13-12403},
	doi = {10.1167/iovs.13-12403},
	language = {en},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2018-03-28TZ},
	journal = {Investigative Opthalmology \& Visual Science},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Aging, Child, Child, Preschool, Ethnic Groups, Eyeglasses, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gompertz function, Humans, Male, Myopia, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Refraction, Ocular, Treatment Outcome, United States, associated factors, myopia, myopia progression, myopia stabilization},
	pages = {7871}
}

@article{hall_observational_2013,
	title = {An observational descriptive study of the epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain in a {UK} general population},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1471-2296},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2296-14-28},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study updated our knowledge of UK primary care neuropathic pain incidence rates and prescribing practices.
METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) or phantom limb pain (PLP) were identified from the General Practice Research Database (2006 - 2010) and incidence rates were calculated. Prescription records were searched for pain treatments from diagnosis of these conditions and the duration and daily dose estimated for first-line and subsequent treatment regimens. Recording of neuropathic back and post-operative pain was investigated.
RESULTS: The study included 5,920 patients with PHN, 5,340 with PDN, and 185 with PLP. The incidence per 10,000 person-years was 3.4 (95\% CI 3.4, 3.5) for PHN; and 0.11 (95\% CI 0.09, 0.12) for PLP. Validation of the PDN case definition suggested that was not sensitive. Incident PHN increased over the study period. The most common first-line treatments were amitriptyline or gabapentin in the PDN and PLP cohorts, and amitriptyline or co-codamol (codeine-paracetamol) in PHN. Paracetamol, co-dydramol (paracetamol-dihydrocodeine) and capsaicin were also often prescribed in one or more condition. Most first-line treatments comprised only one therapeutic class. Use of antiepileptics licensed for neuropathic pain treatment had increased since 2002-2005. Amitriptyline was the only antidepressant prescribed commonly as a first-line treatment.
CONCLUSION: The UK incidence of diagnosed PHN has increased with the incidence of back-pain and post-operative pain unclear. While use of licensed antiepileptics increased, prescribing of therapy with little evidence of efficacy in neuropathic pain is still common and consequently treatment was often not in-line with current guidance.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC family practice},
	author = {Hall, Gillian C. and Morant, Steve V. and Carroll, Dawn and Gabriel, Zahava L. and McQuay, Henry J.},
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23442783},
	pmcid = {PMC3599764},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amines, Amitriptyline, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Analgesics, Opioid, Anticonvulsants, Capsaicin, Child, Child, Preschool, Codeine, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids, Diabetic Neuropathies, Drug Combinations, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hydrocodone, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neuralgia, Postherpetic, Phantom Limb, Physician's Practice Patterns, Primary Health Care, Sensory System Agents, Young Adult, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, incidence},
	pages = {28}
}

@article{looker_lumbar_2012-1,
	title = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area: {United} {States}, 2005-2008},
	issn = {0083-1980},
	shorttitle = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008.
METHODS: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means.
RESULTS: Among scanned individuals, 11\% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4\% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6\% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9\%-10\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4\% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8\%-17\% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60\%-15\% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5\%-13\% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {251},
	journal = {Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey},
	author = {Looker, Anne C. and Borrud, Lori G. and Hughes, Jeffery P. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A. and Melton, L. Joseph},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {24261130},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Child, Ethnic Groups, Female, Femur, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
	pages = {1--132}
}

@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
	title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
	volume = {167},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22564022},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
	pages = {598--605}
}

@article{ tapia_recollection_2012,
  title = {Recollection of negative information in posttraumatic stress disorder},
  volume = {25},
  issn = {1573-6598},
  doi = {10.1002/jts.21659},
  abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder ({PTSD}) associated with the effects of emotional valence on recall processes in recognition memory. Patients suffering from {PTSD} (n = 15) were compared with 15 nontraumatized patients with anxious and depressive symptoms and with 15 nontraumatized controls on the remember/know paradigm using negative, positive, and neutral words. The {PTSD} group remembered more negative words than the nontraumatized controls, F(1, 42) = 7.20, p = .01, but there was no difference between those with {PTSD} and those with anxiety or depression, F(1, 42) = 2.93, p = .09, or between the latter and controls, F(1, 42) {\textless} 1. This study did not allow us to determine whether this recollection bias for negative information was specific to the {PTSD} status or was triggered by the greater level of anxiety displayed in this group.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
  author = {Tapia, Géraldine and Clarys, David and Bugaiska, Aurélia and El-Hage, Wissam},
  month = {February},
  year = {2012},
  pmid = {22278745},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Terminology as Topic, Young Adult},
  pages = {120--123}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Proton therapy for spinal ependymomas: planning, acute toxicities, and preliminary outcomes.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Child,Child, Preschool,Disease-Free Survival,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Erythema,Erythema: etiology,Erythema: pathology,Fatigue,Fatigue: etiology,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Infant,Male,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: radiotherapy,Protons,Protons: adverse effects,Protons: therapeutic use,Radiation Injuries,Radiotherapy Dosage,Spinal Neoplasms,Spinal Neoplasms: pathology,Spinal Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Neoplasms: surgery,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome,Tumor Burden},
 pages = {1419-24},
 volume = {83},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22245209},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Elsevier Inc},
 day = {1},
 id = {ba888ca5-70c7-39d5-946d-244183b6d8d3},
 created = {2014-03-15T18:24:10.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-03-04},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:51.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {PURPOSE: To report acute toxicities and preliminary outcomes for pediatric patients with ependymomas of the spine treated with proton beam therapy at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight pediatric patients received proton beam irradiation between October 2006 and September 2010 for spinal ependymomas. Toxicity data were collected weekly during radiation therapy and all follow-up visits. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0.

RESULTS: All patients had surgical resection of the tumor before irradiation (7 subtotal resection and 1 gross total resection). Six patients had World Health Organization Grade I ependymomas, and two had World Health Organization Grade II ependymomas. Patients had up to 3 surgical interventions before radiation therapy (range, 1-3; median, 1). Three patients received proton therapy after recurrence and five as part of their primary management. The entire vertebral body was treated in all but 2 patients. The mean radiation dose was 51.1 cobalt gray equivalents (range, 45 to 54 cobalt gray equivalents). With a mean follow-up of 26 months from the radiation therapy start date (range, 7-51 months), local control, event-free survival, and overall survival rates were all 100%. The most common toxicities during treatment were Grade 1 or 2 erythema (75%) and Grade 1 fatigue (38%). No patients had a Grade 3 or higher adverse event. Proton therapy dramatically reduced dose to all normal tissues anterior to the vertebral bodies in comparison to photon therapy.

CONCLUSION: Preliminary outcomes show the expected control rates with favorable acute toxicity profiles. Proton beam therapy offers a powerful treatment option in the pediatric population, where adverse events related to radiation exposure are of concern. Extended follow-up will be required to assess for late recurrences and long-term adverse effects.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Amsbaugh, Mark J and Grosshans, David R and McAleer, Mary Frances and Zhu, Ron and Wages, Cody and Crawford, Cody N and Palmer, Matthew and De Gracia, Beth and Woo, Shiao and Mahajan, Anita},
 journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Vaccine effectiveness},
 pages = {36-44},
 volume = {12},
 id = {0f707827-12dc-3fde-a01c-bef2cbdbbf77},
 created = {2015-09-09T15:56:50.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {7a0fec24-6ec6-312f-956e-f210abd2cdb7},
 group_id = {943817ab-6073-3383-a1c5-963a6e7efbea},
 last_modified = {2015-09-14T21:03:56.000Z},
 tags = {VDECGA,VDECICIDFLUREV,VDECVE},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Background: No published meta-analyses have assessed efficacy and effectiveness of licensed influenza vaccines in the USA with sensitive and highly specific diagnostic tests to confirm influenza. Methods: We searched Medline for randomised controlled trials assessing a relative reduction in influenza risk of all circulating influenza viruses during individual seasons after vaccination (efficacy) and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria (effectiveness). Eligible articles were published between Jan 1, 1967, and Feb 15, 2011, and used RT-PCR or culture for confirmation of influenza. We excluded some studies on the basis of study design and vaccine characteristics. We estimated random-effects pooled efficacy for trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) when data were available for statistical analysis (eg, at least three studies that assessed comparable age groups). Findings: We screened 5707 articles and identified 31 eligible studies (17 randomised controlled trials and 14 observational studies). Efficacy of TIV was shown in eight (67%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 59% [95% CI 51-67] in adults aged 18-65 years). No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 2-17 years or adults aged 65 years or older. Efficacy of LAIV was shown in nine (75%) of the 12 seasons analysed in ten randomised controlled trials (pooled efficacy 83% [69-91]) in children aged 6 months to 7 years. No such trials met inclusion criteria for children aged 8-17 years. Vaccine effectiveness was variable for seasonal influenza: six (35%) of 17 analyses in nine studies showed significant protection against medically attended influenza in the outpatient or inpatient setting. Median monovalent pandemic H1N1 vaccine effectiveness in five observational studies was 69% (range 60-93). Interpretation: Influenza vaccines can provide moderate protection against virologically confirmed influenza, but such protection is greatly reduced or absent in some seasons. Evidence for protection in adults aged 65 years or older is lacking. LAIVs consistently show highest efficacy in young children (aged 6 months to 7 years). New vaccines with improved clinical efficacy and effectiveness are needed to further reduce influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Funding: Alfred P Sloan Foundation. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Osterholm, Michael T. and Kelley, Nicholas S. and Sommer, Alfred and Belongia, Edward a.},
 journal = {The Lancet Infectious Diseases},
 number = {1}
}

@article{vos_years_2012,
	title = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: {A} systematic analysis for the {Global} {Burden} of {Disease} {Study} 2010.},
	volume = {380},
	issn = {1474-547X},
	shorttitle = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).
METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.
FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.
INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.
FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {9859},
	journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
	author = {Vos, Theo and Flaxman, Abraham D. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Lozano, Rafael and Michaud, Catherine and Ezzati, Majid and Shibuya, Kenji and Salomon, Joshua A. and Abdalla, Safa and Aboyans, Victor and Abraham, Jerry and Ackerman, Ilana and Aggarwal, Rakesh and Ahn, Stephanie Y. and Ali, Mohammed K. and Alvarado, Miriam and Anderson, H. Ross and Anderson, Laurie M. and Andrews, Kathryn G. and Atkinson, Charles and Baddour, Larry M. and Bahalim, Adil N. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Barrero, Lope H. and Bartels, David H. and Basáñez, Maria-Gloria and Baxter, Amanda and Bell, Michelle L. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Bennett, Derrick and Bernabé, Eduardo and Bhalla, Kavi and Bhandari, Bishal and Bikbov, Boris and Bin Abdulhak, Aref and Birbeck, Gretchen and Black, James A. and Blencowe, Hannah and Blore, Jed D. and Blyth, Fiona and Bolliger, Ian and Bonaventure, Audrey and Boufous, Soufiane and Bourne, Rupert and Boussinesq, Michel and Braithwaite, Tasanee and Brayne, Carol and Bridgett, Lisa and Brooker, Simon and Brooks, Peter and Brugha, Traolach S. and Bryan-Hancock, Claire and Bucello, Chiara and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Buckle, Geoffrey and Budke, Christine M. and Burch, Michael and Burney, Peter and Burstein, Roy and Calabria, Bianca and Campbell, Benjamin and Canter, Charles E. and Carabin, Hélène and Carapetis, Jonathan and Carmona, Loreto and Cella, Claudia and Charlson, Fiona and Chen, Honglei and Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann and Chou, David and Chugh, Sumeet S. and Coffeng, Luc E. and Colan, Steven D. and Colquhoun, Samantha and Colson, K. Ellicott and Condon, John and Connor, Myles D. and Cooper, Leslie T. and Corriere, Matthew and Cortinovis, Monica and de Vaccaro, Karen Courville and Couser, William and Cowie, Benjamin C. and Criqui, Michael H. and Cross, Marita and Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. and Dahiya, Manu and Dahodwala, Nabila and Damsere-Derry, James and Danaei, Goodarz and Davis, Adrian and De Leo, Diego and Degenhardt, Louisa and Dellavalle, Robert and Delossantos, Allyne and Denenberg, Julie and Derrett, Sarah and Des Jarlais, Don C. and Dharmaratne, Samath D. and Dherani, Mukesh and Diaz-Torne, Cesar and Dolk, Helen and Dorsey, E. Ray and Driscoll, Tim and Duber, Herbert and Ebel, Beth and Edmond, Karen and Elbaz, Alexis and Ali, Suad Eltahir and Erskine, Holly and Erwin, Patricia J. and Espindola, Patricia and Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E. and Farzadfar, Farshad and Feigin, Valery and Felson, David T. and Ferrari, Alize and Ferri, Cleusa P. and Fèvre, Eric M. and Finucane, Mariel M. and Flaxman, Seth and Flood, Louise and Foreman, Kyle and Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. and Fowkes, Francis Gerry R. and Franklin, Richard and Fransen, Marlene and Freeman, Michael K. and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gabriel, Sherine E. and Gakidou, Emmanuela and Ganatra, Hammad A. and Garcia, Bianca and Gaspari, Flavio and Gillum, Richard F. and Gmel, Gerhard and Gosselin, Richard and Grainger, Rebecca and Groeger, Justina and Guillemin, Francis and Gunnell, David and Gupta, Ramyani and Haagsma, Juanita and Hagan, Holly and Halasa, Yara A. and Hall, Wayne and Haring, Diana and Haro, Josep Maria and Harrison, James E. and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hay, Roderick J. and Higashi, Hideki and Hill, Catherine and Hoen, Bruno and Hoffman, Howard and Hotez, Peter J. and Hoy, Damian and Huang, John J. and Ibeanusi, Sydney E. and Jacobsen, Kathryn H. and James, Spencer L. and Jarvis, Deborah and Jasrasaria, Rashmi and Jayaraman, Sudha and Johns, Nicole and Jonas, Jost B. and Karthikeyan, Ganesan and Kassebaum, Nicholas and Kawakami, Norito and Keren, Andre and Khoo, Jon-Paul and King, Charles H. and Knowlton, Lisa Marie and Kobusingye, Olive and Koranteng, Adofo and Krishnamurthi, Rita and Lalloo, Ratilal and Laslett, Laura L. and Lathlean, Tim and Leasher, Janet L. and Lee, Yong Yi and Leigh, James and Lim, Stephen S. and Limb, Elizabeth and Lin, John Kent and Lipnick, Michael and Lipshultz, Steven E. and Liu, Wei and Loane, Maria and Ohno, Summer Lockett and Lyons, Ronan and Ma, Jixiang and Mabweijano, Jacqueline and MacIntyre, Michael F. and Malekzadeh, Reza and Mallinger, Leslie and Manivannan, Sivabalan and Marcenes, Wagner and March, Lyn and Margolis, David J. and Marks, Guy B. and Marks, Robin and Matsumori, Akira and Matzopoulos, Richard and Mayosi, Bongani M. and McAnulty, John H. and McDermott, Mary M. and McGill, Neil and McGrath, John and Medina-Mora, Maria Elena and Meltzer, Michele and Mensah, George A. and Merriman, Tony R. and Meyer, Ana-Claire and Miglioli, Valeria and Miller, Matthew and Miller, Ted R. and Mitchell, Philip B. and Mocumbi, Ana Olga and Moffitt, Terrie E. and Mokdad, Ali A. and Monasta, Lorenzo and Montico, Marcella and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moran, Andrew and Morawska, Lidia and Mori, Rintaro and Murdoch, Michele E. and Mwaniki, Michael K. and Naidoo, Kovin and Nair, M. Nathan and Naldi, Luigi and Narayan, K. M. Venkat and Nelson, Paul K. and Nelson, Robert G. and Nevitt, Michael C. and Newton, Charles R. and Nolte, Sandra and Norman, Paul and Norman, Rosana and O'Donnell, Martin and O'Hanlon, Simon and Olives, Casey and Omer, Saad B. and Ortblad, Katrina and Osborne, Richard and Ozgediz, Doruk and Page, Andrew and Pahari, Bishnu and Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai and Rivero, Andrea Panozo and Patten, Scott B. and Pearce, Neil and Padilla, Rogelio Perez and Perez-Ruiz, Fernando and Perico, Norberto and Pesudovs, Konrad and Phillips, David and Phillips, Michael R. and Pierce, Kelsey and Pion, Sébastien and Polanczyk, Guilherme V. and Polinder, Suzanne and Pope, C. Arden and Popova, Svetlana and Porrini, Esteban and Pourmalek, Farshad and Prince, Martin and Pullan, Rachel L. and Ramaiah, Kapa D. and Ranganathan, Dharani and Razavi, Homie and Regan, Mathilda and Rehm, Jürgen T. and Rein, David B. and Remuzzi, Guiseppe and Richardson, Kathryn and Rivara, Frederick P. and Roberts, Thomas and Robinson, Carolyn and De Leòn, Felipe Rodriguez and Ronfani, Luca and Room, Robin and Rosenfeld, Lisa C. and Rushton, Lesley and Sacco, Ralph L. and Saha, Sukanta and Sampson, Uchechukwu and Sanchez-Riera, Lidia and Sanman, Ella and Schwebel, David C. and Scott, James Graham and Segui-Gomez, Maria and Shahraz, Saeid and Shepard, Donald S. and Shin, Hwashin and Shivakoti, Rupak and Singh, David and Singh, Gitanjali M. and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Singleton, Jessica and Sleet, David A. and Sliwa, Karen and Smith, Emma and Smith, Jennifer L. and Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. and Steer, Andrew and Steiner, Timothy and Stolk, Wilma A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Sudfeld, Christopher and Syed, Sana and Tamburlini, Giorgio and Tavakkoli, Mohammad and Taylor, Hugh R. and Taylor, Jennifer A. and Taylor, William J. and Thomas, Bernadette and Thomson, W. Murray and Thurston, George D. and Tleyjeh, Imad M. and Tonelli, Marcello and Towbin, Jeffrey A. and Truelsen, Thomas and Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K. and Ubeda, Clotilde and Undurraga, Eduardo A. and van der Werf, Marieke J. and van Os, Jim and Vavilala, Monica S. and Venketasubramanian, N. and Wang, Mengru and Wang, Wenzhi and Watt, Kerrianne and Weatherall, David J. and Weinstock, Martin A. and Weintraub, Robert and Weisskopf, Marc G. and Weissman, Myrna M. and White, Richard A. and Whiteford, Harvey and Wiersma, Steven T. and Wilkinson, James D. and Williams, Hywel C. and Williams, Sean R. M. and Witt, Emma and Wolfe, Frederick and Woolf, Anthony D. and Wulf, Sarah and Yeh, Pon-Hsiu and Zaidi, Anita K. M. and Zheng, Zhi-Jie and Zonies, David and Lopez, Alan D. and Murray, Christopher J. L. and AlMazroa, Mohammad A. and Memish, Ziad A.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23245607},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Sex Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
	pages = {2163--2196},
}

@article{simkiss_health_2012,
	title = {Health service use in families where children enter public care: a nested case control study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1472-6963},
	shorttitle = {Health service use in families where children enter public care},
	doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-12-65},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: At least 3\% of children spend some of their childhood in public care and, as a group, have poor outcomes across a range of education, employment, health and social care outcomes. Research, using social care or government datasets, has identified a number of risk factors associated with children entering public care but the utility of risk factors in clinical practice is not established. This paper uses routine primary health care data to see if risk factors for children entering public care can be identified in clinical practice.
METHODS: A nested case control methodology using routine primary care data from the United Kingdom. Health service use data were extracted for the 12 months before the case child entered public care and compared with 12 months of data for four control mother child pairs per case pair, matched on the age and sex of the child and the general practice. Exposures of interest were developed from a systematic review of the literature on risk factors associated with children entering public care.
RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the combined effect of more than one exposure of interest. Maternal mental illness (OR 2.51, 95\% CI 1.55-4.05), maternal age at birth of the child, socio-economic status (5(th) quintile vs. 1(st) quintile OR 7.14, 95\% CI 2.92-17.4), maternal drug use (OR 28.8, 95\% CI 2.29-363), non attendance at appointments (OR 2.42, 95\% CI 1.42-4.14), child mental illness (OR 2.65, 95\% CI 1.42-4.96) and child admission to hospital (OR 3.31, 95\% CI 1.21-9.02) were all significantly associated with children entering public care. Maternal use of primary care contraception services was negatively associated with children entering public care (OR 0.52, 95\% CI 0.31-0.87).
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health service use can be identified from routine primary care data in mother child pairs where children enter public care after controlling for maternal age and socio-economic status. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in a cumulative risk model using longitudinal datasets.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC health services research},
	author = {Simkiss, Douglas E. and Spencer, Nicholas J. and Stallard, Nigel and Thorogood, Margaret},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22424404},
	pmcid = {PMC3361673},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Family Health, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Health Services Research, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Maternal Age, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Mothers, Primary Health Care, Public Sector, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Class, Young Adult},
	pages = {65}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Use of accelerometry to measure physical activity in adults and the elderly.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Accelerometry,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Exercise,Exercise: physiology,Health Services for the Aged,Humans,Middle Aged,Motor Activity,Motor Activity: physiology,Young Adult},
 pages = {561-70},
 volume = {46},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22450563},
 month = {6},
 id = {2d02ef28-e257-3bd9-9952-ae9abef4774f},
 created = {2016-04-14T18:02:32.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-11-04},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {d28af011-5164-3af4-8522-822cff4de1eb},
 group_id = {e39cd875-9ef8-3fee-ad92-c9d084a63048},
 last_modified = {2017-10-14T23:14:06.957Z},
 tags = {accelerometry},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bento2012},
 folder_uuids = {dc34bb65-a794-457d-b88a-9687552166f4},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review the use of accelerometry as an objective measure of physical activity in adults and elderly people. METHODS: A systematic review of studies on the use of accelerometty as an objective measure to assess physical activity in adults were examined in PubMed Central, Web of Knowledge, EBSCO and Medline databases from March 29 to April 15, 2010. The following keywords were used: "accelerometry," "accelerometer," "physical activity," "PA," "patterns," "levels," "adults," "older adults," and "elderly," either alone or in combination using "AND" or "OR." The reference lists of the articles retrieved were examined to capture any other potentially relevant article. Of 899 studies initially identified, only 18 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures abstracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven studies were conducted in North America (United States), five in Europe, one in Africa (Cameroon) and one in Australia. Very few enrolled older people, and only one study reported the season or time of year when data was collected. The articles selected had different methods, analyses, and results, which prevented comparison between studies. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to standardize study methods for data reporting to allow comparisons of results across studies and monitor changes in populations. These data can help design more adequate strategies for monitoring and promotion of physical activity.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bento, Teresa and Cortinhas, António and Leitão, José Carlos and Mota, Maria Paula},
 journal = {Revista de saúde pública},
 number = {3}
}

@article{petraglia_reduced_2012,
	title = {Reduced pelvic pain in women with endometriosis: efficacy of long-term dienogest treatment},
	volume = {285},
	issn = {1432-0711},
	shorttitle = {Reduced pelvic pain in women with endometriosis},
	doi = {10.1007/s00404-011-1941-7},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of dienogest as a long-term treatment in endometriosis, with follow-up after treatment discontinuation. The study included women with endometriosis, who had previously completed a 12-week, placebo-controlled study of dienogest, who participated in an open-label extension study for up to 53 weeks. Thereafter, a patient subgroup was evaluated in a 24-week follow-up after treatment discontinuation.
METHODS: A multicenter study performed in Germany, Italy and Ukraine. Women with endometriosis were enrolled at completion of the placebo-controlled study (n = 168). All women received dienogest (2 mg once daily, orally) and changes in pelvic pain (on a visual analog scale), bleeding pattern, adverse events and laboratory parameters were evaluated during and after treatment.
RESULTS: The completion rate among women who entered the open-label extension study was 90.5\% (n = 152). A significant decrease in pelvic pain was shown during continued dienogest treatment (P {\textless} 0.001). The mean frequency and intensity of bleeding progressively decreased. Adverse events, rated generally mild or moderate, led to withdrawal in four patients (2.4\%). No clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters were observed. During treatment-free follow-up (n = 34), the reduction in pelvic pain persisted, while bleeding frequency and intensity returned to normal patterns.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term dienogest showed a favorable efficacy and safety profile, with progressive decreases in pain and bleeding irregularities during continued treatment; the decrease of pelvic pain persisted for at least 24 weeks after treatment cessation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
	author = {Petraglia, Felice and Hornung, Daniela and Seitz, Christian and Faustmann, Thomas and Gerlinger, Christoph and Luisi, Stefano and Lazzeri, Lucia and Strowitzki, Thomas},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {21681516},
	pmcid = {PMC3249203},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Drug Administration Schedule, Endometriosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Hormone Antagonists, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Nandrolone, Pelvic Pain, Ukraine, Young Adult},
	pages = {167--173}
}

@article{kelly_london_2011,
	title = {The {London} low emission zone baseline study},
	issn = {1041-5505},
	abstract = {On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5\% to 10\% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {163},
	journal = {Research Report (Health Effects Institute)},
	author = {Kelly, Frank and Armstrong, Ben and Atkinson, Richard and Anderson, H. Ross and Barratt, Ben and Beevers, Sean and Cook, Derek and Green, Dave and Derwent, Dick and Mudway, Ian and Wilkinson, Paul and {HEI Health Review Committee}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22315924},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Small-Area Analysis, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vehicle Emissions, Young Adult},
	pages = {3--79}
}

@article{kotz_incidence_2011,
	title = {Incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in {England}, 2001 to 2005},
	volume = {127},
	issn = {1097-6825},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.021},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous descriptions of the epidemiology of peanut allergy have mainly been derived from small cross-sectional studies.
OBJECTIVE: To interrogate a large national research database to provide estimates for the incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in the English population.
METHODS: Version 10 of the QRESEARCH database was used with data from 2,958,366 patients who were registered with 422 United Kingdom general practices in the years 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome was a recording of clinician-diagnosed peanut allergy.
RESULTS: The age-sex standardized incidence rate of peanut allergy in 2005 was 0.08 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI, 0.07-0.08), and the prevalence rate was 0.51 per 1000 patients (95\% CI, 0.49-0.54). This translated into an estimated 4000 incident cases (95\% CI, 3500-4600) and 25,700 prevalent cases (95\% CI, 24,400-27,100) of GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in England in 2005. During the study period, the incidence rate of peanut allergy remained fairly stable, whereas the prevalence rate doubled. In those under 18 years of age, the crude lifetime prevalence rate was higher in males than females. A significant inverse relationship between prevalence and socioeconomic status was found.
CONCLUSION: These data on GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy from a large general practice database suggest a much lower prevalence in peanut allergy than has hitherto been found. This difference may in part be explained by underrecording of peanut allergy in general practice. Further research is needed to assess the true frequency of peanut allergy in the population and whether there has been a true increase in recent years.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
	author = {Kotz, Daniel and Simpson, Colin R. and Sheikh, Aziz},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21236479},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, General Practitioners, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Records, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Prevalence, incidence},
	pages = {623--630.e1}
}

@article{ wicclair_conscientious_2011,
  title = {Conscientious refusals by hospitals and emergency contraception},
  volume = {20},
  issn = {1469-2147},
  doi = {10.1017/S0963180110000691},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics: {CQ}: the international journal of healthcare ethics committees},
  author = {Wicclair, Mark R},
  month = {January},
  year = {2011},
  pmid = {21223617},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Catholicism, Child Abuse, Sexual, Choice Behavior, Conscience, Contraception, Postcoital, Contraceptives, Postcoital, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Personal Autonomy, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Tests, Prescription Drugs, Rape, Refusal to Treat, Sex Offenses, Young Adult},
  pages = {130--138}
}

@article{nakhai-pour_use_2011,
	title = {Use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion},
	volume = {183},
	issn = {1488-2329},
	doi = {10.1503/cmaj.110454},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between the use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during pregnancy and the risk of spontaneous abortion remains unclear because of inconsistent research results and the lack of evidence for an effect due to specific types or dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs. We aimed to quantify the association between having a spontaneous abortion and types and dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs in a cohort of pregnant women.
METHODS: Using a nested case-control design, we obtained data from the Quebec Pregnancy Registry for 4705 women who had a spontaneous abortion. For each instance, we randomly selected 10 controls from the remaining women in the registry who were matched by index date (date of the spontaneous abortion) and gestational age. Use of nonaspirin NSAIDs (identified by filled prescriptions) and nonuse were compared. We also looked for associations between different types and dosages of nonaspirin NSAIDs and having a spontaneous abortion. Analyses of associations and adjustment for confounding were done using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: We identified 4705 cases of spontaneous abortion (352 exposed [7.5\%]); 47 050 controls (1213 exposed [2.6\%]). Adjusting for potential confounders, the use of nonaspirin NSAIDs during pregnancy was significantly associated with the risk of spontaneous abortion (odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95\% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-2.79). Specifically, use of diclofenac (OR 3.09, 95\% CI 1.96-4.87), naproxen (OR 2.64, 95\% CI 2.13-3.28), celecoxib (OR 2.21, 95\% CI 1.42-3.45), ibuprofen (OR 2.19, 95\% CI 1.61-2.96) and rofecoxib (OR 1.83, 95\% CI 1.24-2.70) alone, and combinations thereof (OR 2.64, 95\% CI 1.59-4.39), were all associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion. No dose-response effect was seen.
INTERPRETATION: Gestational exposure to any type or dosage of nonaspirin NSAIDs may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion. These drugs should be used with caution during pregnancy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {15},
	journal = {CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne},
	author = {Nakhai-Pour, Hamid Reza and Broy, Perrine and Sheehy, Odile and Bérard, Anick},
	month = oct,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21896698},
	pmcid = {PMC3193112},
	keywords = {Abortion, Spontaneous, Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pregnancy, Registries, Risk, Young Adult},
	pages = {1713--1720},
}

@article{parkin_comprehensive_2011,
	title = {Comprehensive comparison of drug prescribing in the {United} {States} and {United} {Kingdom}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1875-9114},
	doi = {10.1592/phco.31.7.623},
	abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of outpatient drug prescribing in the United States and United Kingdom according to individual drugs and therapeutic categories during 2004-2006.
DESIGN: Retrospective prescription record review.
DATA SOURCES: United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, and the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database for U.S. data.
SUBJECTS: In the U.K. database, we identified 1.6 million people younger than 65 years who were prescribed at least one prescription drug in at least one of the calendar years during the study period (2004-2006). For comparison, for each U.K. person identified, we randomly identified one person of the same sex and year of birth in the U.S. database who was also prescribed at least one drug in the same calendar year.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We compared the frequency of prescribing of individual drugs, as well as selected therapeutic categories. Substantially higher proportions of people in the United States were prescribed antibiotics, statins, and postmenopausal hormones, but asthma drugs were prescribed more frequently in the United Kingdom. In those younger than 20 years, antidepressants and antipsychotics were prescribed more than twice as frequently in the United States, and males in the United States were far more likely to be prescribed drugs for attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder than were their counterparts in the United Kingdom.
CONCLUSION: This study provides documented quantification of differing patterns of drug use in the United States and United Kingdom during 2004-2006. The higher proportionate prescribing for most indications in the United States and the greater use of drugs under patent suggest that monetary costs are likely to be considerably higher in the United States than in the United Kingdom.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Parkin, Lianne and Hagberg, Katrina Wilcox and Jick, Hershel},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21923448},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Databases, Factual, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physician's Practice Patterns, Prescription Drugs, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
	pages = {623--629}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {ERPs and neural oscillations during volitional supporession of memory retrieval},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Analysis of Variance,Association Learning,Association Learning: physiology,Biological Clocks,Biological Clocks: physiology,Brain,Brain Mapping,Brain: blood supply,Brain: physiology,Electroencephalography,Emotions,Emotions: physiology,Evoked Potentials,Evoked Potentials: physiology,Female,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Mental Recall,Mental Recall: physiology,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Photic Stimulation,Reaction Time,Visual Perception,Young Adult},
 pages = {1-10},
 volume = {25},
 websites = {http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00418#.Vgcwxo9Viko},
 month = {10},
 publisher = {MIT Press55 Hayward Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1315USAjournals-info@mit.edu},
 day = {28},
 id = {9e3549f7-2c0d-33e4-84d8-bab5eb144557},
 created = {2015-09-27T00:17:34.000Z},
 accessed = {2015-09-26},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {50a856f4-e41b-3395-a32c-35f3a97eb9f9},
 group_id = {1d7f53de-0a60-3d99-b9ab-c9b479ac932e},
 last_modified = {2015-11-28T00:03:58.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Depue2010m},
 language = {en},
 abstract = {Although investigations of memory and the dynamics of ERP components and neural oscillations as assessed through EEG have been well utilized, little research into the volitional nature of suppression over memory retrieval have used these methods. Oscillation analyses conducted on the Think/No-Think (TNT) task and volitional suppression of retrieval are of interest to broaden our knowledge of neural oscillations associated not only during successful memory retrieval but also when retrieval is unwanted or suppressed. In the current study, we measured EEG during a TNT task and performed ERP and EEG spectral power band analyses. ERP results replicated other researchers' observations of increases in 500-800 msec parietal effects for items where retrieval was instructed to be elaborated compared with being suppressed. Furthermore, EEG analyses indicated increased alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (3-8 Hz) oscillations across parietal electrodes for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus those to be elaborated. Additionally, during the second half of the experiment (after repeated attempts at control), increases in theta oscillations were found across both frontal and parietal electrodes for items that were instructed to be suppressed and that were ultimately forgotten versus those ultimately remembered. Increased alpha power for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus elaborated may indicate reductions of retrieval attempts or lack of retrieval success. Increased theta power for items that were instructed to be suppressed versus elaborated may indicate increased or prolonged cognitive control to monitor retrieval events.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Depue, Brendan Eliot and Ketz, Nick and Mollison, Matthew V and Nyhus, Erika and Banich, Marie T and Curran, Tim},
 journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
 number = {10}
}

@article{ cilliers_pyridoxal-5-phosphate_2010,
  title = {Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid},
  volume = {99},
  issn = {1651-2227},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01696.x},
  abstract = {AIM: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, receiving INH regimens.
METHODS: Children from the Western Cape of South Africa hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB) management were studied. Plasma PLP concentrations were determined on enrolment, 1-month after commencing TB treatment, and again after 4-month's treatment. The children received a supplement meeting pyridoxine requirements.
RESULTS: Nineteen HIV-infected and 33 HIV-uninfected children received INH (dosage range 4-20 mg/kg) daily. Mean PLP plasma concentrations on enrolment were 8.32 (SD 6.75) ng/mL and 11.28 (SD 3.02) ng/mL in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, respectively (p = 0.11) and after 4-month's treatment 6.75 (SD 2.71) ng/mL and 14.76 (SD 7.96) ng/mL (p {\textless} 0.001). On enrolment 9 (50%) HIV-infected and 5 (15%) HIV-uninfected children (p = 0.016) had suboptimal PLP concentrations ({\textless}6 ng/mL); after 4-month's treatment 8 (42%) and 2 (6%) (p = 0.004).
CONCLUSION: Plasma PLP concentrations in children treated for TB were low on enrolment in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children; after 4-month's treatment low values were still common in HIV-infected children. Additional pyridoxine supplementation of malnourished children treated for tuberculosis is advisable, particularly those HIV-infected.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992)},
  author = {Cilliers, K. and Labadarios, D. and Schaaf, H. S. and Willemse, M. and Maritz, J. S. and Werely, C. J. and Hussey, G. and Donald, P. R.},
  month = {May},
  year = {2010},
  pmid = {20146723},
  keywords = {AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adolescent, Antitubercular Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections, Humans, Infant, Isoniazid, Male, Pyridoxal Phosphate, South Africa, Tuberculosis},
  pages = {705--710}
}

@article{devine_identification_2010,
	title = {The identification of pregnancies within the general practice research database},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.1862},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The United States is moving toward active drug safety surveillance using sources such as administrative claims and electronic medical records, but use of these data for studying teratogenicity has been challenging, as they typically do not allow for the easy identification of pregnancies. Our goal was to develop and validate an algorithm for the identification of pregnancies in the general practice research database (GPRD) that could be used to study pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: The algorithm identified pregnancies in women 15-45-year-old that were pregnant between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2006. We identified live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous and elective terminations within a woman's record. We validated the algorithm using the additional clinical details maternity (ACDM) file and de-identified free-text records.
RESULTS: We analyzed 16,035,394 records from 3,093,927 individuals and identified 383,184 women who had a total of 580,356 pregnancies. There were 415,221 full-term live births, 3080 pre- or post-term births, 1834 multi-fetus deliveries, 86,408 spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, 72 164 elective terminations, and 1649 stillbirths or fetal deaths. A marker of pregnancy care was identifiable for 86.3\% of the 580,356 pregnancies. The internal validation steps indicated that the algorithm produced consistent results with the ACDM file.
CONCLUSIONS: We were successful in identifying a large number of pregnancies in the GPRD. Our use of a hierarchical approach to identify pregnancy outcomes builds upon the methods suggested in previous work, while implementing additional steps to minimize potential misclassification of pregnancy outcomes.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Devine, Scott and West, Suzanne and Andrews, Elizabeth and Tennis, Pat and Hammad, Tarek A. and Eaton, Susan and Thorp, John and Olshan, Andrew},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {19823973},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Databases, Factual, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, Research, United States, pregnancy},
	pages = {45--50}
}

@article{cornish_risk_2010,
	title = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {341},
	issn = {1756-1833},
	shorttitle = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates.
RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95\% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85\% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Cornish, Rosie and Macleod, John and Strang, John and Vickerman, Peter and Hickman, Matt},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20978062},
	pmcid = {PMC2965139},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Buprenorphine, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Opioid-Related Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Young Adult},
	pages = {c5475}
}

@article{moller_analysis_2010,
	title = {Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis: a case-control association study},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1471-2334},
	shorttitle = {Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2334-10-154},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma is a major macrophage-activating cytokine during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, and its role has been well established in animal models and in humans. This cytokine is produced by activated T helper 1 cells, which can best deal with intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Based on the hypothesis that genes which regulate interferon gamma may influence tuberculosis susceptibility, we investigated polymorphisms in eight candidate genes.
METHODS: Fifty-four polymorphisms in eight candidate genes were genotyped in over 800 tuberculosis cases and healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study in a South African population. Genotyping methods used included the SNPlex Genotyping System, capillary electrophoresis of fluorescently labelled PCR products, TaqMan SNP genotyping assays or the amplification mutation refraction system. Single polymorphisms as well as haplotypes of the variants were tested for association with TB using statistical analyses.
RESULTS: A haplotype in interleukin 12B was nominally associated with tuberculosis (p = 0.02), but after permutation testing, done to assess the significance for the entire analysis, this was not globally significant. In addition a novel allele was found for the interleukin 12B D5S2941 microsatellite.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of using larger sample sizes when attempting validation of previously reported genetic associations. Initial studies may be false positives or may propose a stronger genetic effect than subsequently found to be the case.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
	author = {Möller, Marlo and Nebel, Almut and van Helden, Paul D. and Schreiber, Stefan and Hoal, Eileen G.},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20525402},
	pmcid = {PMC2891757},
	note = {00022 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymorphism, Genetic, South Africa, Tuberculosis, Young Adult},
	pages = {154},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dissemination limits the survival of patients with anaplastic ependymoma after extensive surgical resection, meticulous follow up, and intensive treatment for recurrence.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adjuvant,Adolescent,Adult,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: diagnosis,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Chemotherapy,Child,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Kaplan-Meier Estimate,Local,Local: therapy,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Recurrence,Preschool,Radiotherapy,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate},
 pages = {185-91; discussion 191-2},
 volume = {33},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20186454},
 month = {4},
 id = {095ad00f-60e1-3a2f-8cae-2eb3aba8490a},
 created = {2013-09-07T05:22:53.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-09-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:56.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The extent of resection is the most consistent factor affecting outcome of intracranial ependymomas. The outcomes in patients with intracranial anaplastic ependymomas who underwent more than subtotal resection and intensive treatment for recurrence were reviewed retrospectively. Between 1989 and 2007, 18 patients underwent more than subtotal resection at Tohoku University Hospital. Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was conducted in 16 patients. Meticulous follow-up was performed for early detection of recurrence. Intensive therapy including surgery and chemoradiation therapy was added for recurrence. Median survival in all 18 patients was 136 months. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 59.1% and 50.7%, respectively. Eight patients died during the observation period, five of dissemination, but none of uncontrollable local recurrence. High resection rate, meticulous follow-up, and intensive treatment for recurrence improved the survival of patients with anaplastic ependymoma. Dissemination was the life-determining factor in this series of patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Saito, Ryuta and Kumabe, Toshihiro and Kanamori, Masayuki and Sonoda, Yukihiko and Tominaga, Teiji},
 journal = {Neurosurgical Review},
 number = {2}
}

@article{shepherd_dual-energy_2010,
	title = {Dual-energy {X}-ray absorptiometry with serum ferritin predicts liver iron concentration and changes in concentration better than ferritin alone},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1094-6950},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jocd.2010.05.003},
	abstract = {Accurate assessment of liver iron concentration (LIC) is critical for optimal monitoring of iron toxicity in multitransfused patients. Serum ferritin is the most widely used although its association to LIC is only modest. We studied if a liver-specific measure using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) systems could improve LIC estimates over ferritin alone in Thalassemia (Thal) patients. Thirty-seven patients with Thal (19.2 ± 9.0 yr, 20 male) were studied and 10 had multiple visits. Height, weight, ferritin, whole-body DXA, and hepatic superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) were measured within 5 wk. DXA hepatic density was measured using right rib, whole liver, and multiple subliver regions. The best agreement to SQUID LIC was found using a combination of ferritin, weight, DXA subliver region 3 bone mineral content (BMC), and right rib BMC. DXA with ferritin improved the ferritin alone correlation from R(2)=0.35 to R(2)=0.62. Serial LIC changes using DXA were associated with serial SQUID changes (r=0.73, p=0.02). Changes in ferritin alone were not significant (p=0.06). We conclude that the addition of whole-body DXA measures and body weight substantially increased the accuracy of LIC and change in LIC estimates over the use of ferritin alone and could be useful when magnetic resonance imaging or SQUID is not available.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Densitometry: The Official Journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry},
	author = {Shepherd, John A. and Fan, Bo and Lu, Ying and Marquez, Lorena and Salama, Khaled and Hwang, Jimmy and Fung, Ellen B.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20663700},
	pmcid = {PMC4607766},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Ferritins, Humans, Iron, Liver, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Thalassemia, Whole Body Imaging},
	pages = {399--406}
}

@article{ mclean_muslim_2010,
  title = {Muslim women and medical students in the clinical encounter},
  volume = {44},
  issn = {1365-2923},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03599.x},
  abstract = {{CONTEXT}: Increasingly, male medical students report being refused by female patients, particularly in obstetrics and gynaecology, which is impacting on recruitment into the discipline. However, little has been documented in terms of Muslim patients and medical students in the clinical consultation.
{METHODS}: Female Emirati nationals (n = 218) attending out-patient clinics at a public hospital in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates ({UAE}), were interviewed by medical students. Participants were provided with four hypothetical clinical scenarios (three personal, one concerning a pre-pubertal child) and asked whether they would allow male and female students to be present at a consultation, take a history or perform an examination. They were also canvassed about their past experiences with medical students and their social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors.
{RESULTS}: Significant differences were recorded in terms of female versus male student involvement for all activities (P {\textless} 0.05-0.0005). For gynaecological and abdominal problems, patients would generally refuse male students. More than 50% of interviewees would not allow a male student to examine their face. Students of either gender could, however, examine their 8-year-old child. Although 47% of the women had had previous clinical encounters with students, in only 58% of consultations had the attending doctor asked their permission. Despite this, the women had generally felt comfortable, although satisfaction decreased with increasing age (P = 0.088). Almost 90% of the women believed that Emiratis had a social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors, but this decreased with increasing income (P = 0.004).
{CONCLUSIONS}: As many medical students will encounter Muslim patients during their training, they need to be sensitive to religious and cultural issues, particularly for personal examinations. In contexts where most patients are Muslim, alternative options (e.g. manikins, international rotations) may be required for male students. In the {UAE}, patient education may improve history-taking opportunities but will probably not transcend religious and cultural beliefs without intervention from religious leaders.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Medical education},
  author = {McLean, Michelle and Al Ahbabi, Salma and Al Ameri, Mouza and Al Mansoori, Muneera and Al Yahyaei, Fatima and Bernsen, Roos},
  month = {March},
  year = {2010},
  pmid = {20444062},
  keywords = {Abdomen, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Choice Behavior, Education, Medical, Face, Female, Gynecology, Humans, Islam, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Responsibility, Students, Medical, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult},
  pages = {306--315}
}

@article{roman_adolescent_2010,
	title = {Adolescent endometriosis in the {Waikato} region of {New} {Zealand}--a comparative cohort study with a mean follow-up time of 2.6 years},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {1479-828X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1479-828X.2010.01141.x},
	abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with laparoscopic excision of endometriosis on an adolescent population and to compare it with a non-adolescent population treated during the same period.
DESIGN: Comparative cohort study of patients with endometriosis treated consecutively between July 2003 and January 2009 with a follow-up between six months and six years.
SETTING: Braemar Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
RESULTS: We treated 20 adolescents. Ninety-five per cent (19/20) of adolescents were using pain relief other than Paracetamol, in contrast to only 59\% (84/143) of non-adolescents. Thirty per cent (6/20) of adolescents had a first-degree relative with endometriosis, in contrast to 8\% (11/143) of non-adolescents. Endometriosis was found to be stage I in 40\% (8/20) of patients, stage II in 45\% (9/20) of patients, stage III in 5\% (1/20) of patients and stage IV in 10\% (2/20) of patients. The main type of endometriotic lesion in the adolescent was an atypical red vascular lesion, which was present in 60\% (12/20) of adolescents; but it was present in only 20\% (29/143) of non-adolescents. There were no intra-operative complications. Minor postoperative complications included one case of urinary tract infection and one case of port infection. The operative complications that developed when treating the non-adolescent group are presented for comparison. Pain scores recorded at follow-up revealed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhoea and pelvic pain and there was a positive effect on the quality of life of adolescents as measured by the EQ-5D questionnaire tool.
CONCLUSION: Adolescents with endometriosis use significantly more pain relief than non-adolescents to control symptoms. They have a higher rate of a first degree relative with the disease and they present with more atypical endometriotic lesions when compared with an adult population with endometriosis. All the stages of disease are present in the adolescent, including stages III and IV. The laparoscopic excision of endometriosis has a positive effect on the relief of pain symptoms and on the improvement in quality of life in the adolescent.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The Australian \& New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics \& Gynaecology},
	author = {Roman, Jose D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20522077},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Analgesics, Cohort Studies, Dysmenorrhea, Electrosurgery, Endometriosis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Laparoscopy, New Zealand, Pelvic Pain, Postoperative Complications, Quality of Life, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Tract Infections, Young Adult},
	pages = {179--183}
}

@article{andrews_internal_2010,
	title = {Internal and external features of the face are represented holistically in face-selective regions of visual cortex},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {1529-2401},
	doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4863-09.2010},
	abstract = {The perception and recognition of familiar faces depends critically on an analysis of the internal features of the face (eyes, nose, mouth). We therefore contrasted how information about the internal and external (hair, chin, face outline) features of familiar and unfamiliar faces is represented in face-selective regions. There was a significant response to both the internal and external features of the face when presented in isolation. However, the response to the internal features was greater than the response to the external features. There was significant adaptation to repeated images of either the internal or external features of the face in the fusiform face area (FFA). However, the magnitude of this adaptation was greater for the internal features of familiar faces. Next, we asked whether the internal features of the face are represented independently from the external features. There was a release from adaptation in the FFA to composite images in which the internal features were varied but the external features were unchanged, or when the internal features were unchanged but the external features varied, demonstrating a holistic response. Finally, we asked whether the holistic response to faces could be influenced by the context in which the face was presented. We found that adaptation was still evident to composite images in which the face was unchanged but body features were varied. Together, these findings show that although internal features are important in the neural representation of familiar faces, the face's internal and external features are represented holistically in face-selective regions of the human brain.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
	author = {Andrews, Timothy J. and Davies-Thompson, Jodie and Kingstone, Alan and Young, Andrew W.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20203214},
	pmcid = {PMC2839485},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Adolescent, Brain Mapping, Discrimination Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Face, Female, Functional Laterality, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Recognition (Psychology), Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Young Adult, memory},
	pages = {3544--3552}
}

@article{menzies_survey_2009,
	title = {A survey of pediatric caudal extradural anesthesia practice},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1460-9592},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9592.2009.03116.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND

Caudal extradural blockade is one of the most commonly performed procedures in pediatric anesthesia. However, there is little information available on variations in clinical practice.


OBJECTIVES

To perform a survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland who undertake caudal anesthesia. Methods: An 'online' World Wide Web questionnaire collected information on various aspects of clinical practice. The survey ran from April to June 2008.


RESULTS

There were 366 questionnaires completed. The majority of respondents had {\textgreater}5 years of pediatric experience and performed up to ten caudal extradural procedures a month. The commonest device used was a cannula (69.7\%) with 68.6\% using a 22G device. There was a trend toward the use of a cannula in those anesthetists with {\textless}15 years experience, while those with {\textgreater}15 years experience tended to use a needle. Most anesthetists (91.5\%) did not believe that there was a significant risk of implantation of dermoid tissue into the caudal extradural space. The majority used a combination of clinical methods to confirm correct placement. Only 27 respondents used ultrasound. The most popular local anesthetics were bupivacaine (43.4\%) and levobupivacaine (41.7\%). The most common additives were clonidine (42.3\%) and ketamine (37.5\%). The caudal catheter technique was used by 43.6\%. Most anesthetists (74\%) wear gloves for a single shot caudal injection.


CONCLUSIONS

This survey provides a snapshot of current practice and acts a useful reference for the development of enhanced techniques and new equipment in the future.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Paediatric anaesthesia},
	author = {Menzies, Robert and Congreve, Kate and Herodes, Veiko and Berg, Simon and Mason, David G},
	month = sep,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19691690},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Anesthesia, Anesthesia, Caudal, Anesthesia, Epidural, Anesthetics, Local, Asepsis, Child, Child, Preschool, Gloves, Surgical, Health Care Surveys, Humans, Infection Control, Marketingaktiv, Masks, Questionnaires},
	pages = {829--836}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Genetic admixture, self-reported ethnicity, self-estimated admixture, and skin pigmentation among Hispanics and Native Americans.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,European Continental Ancestry Group,European Continental Ancestry Group: genetics,Female,Genetic Markers,Genetic Variation,Genotype,Hispanic Americans,Hispanic Americans: genetics,Humans,Indians, North American,Indians, North American: genetics,Likelihood Functions,Male,New Mexico,Self Concept,Skin Pigmentation,Skin Pigmentation: genetics,Social Identification},
 pages = {375-83},
 volume = {138},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18951390},
 month = {4},
 id = {a0fdb4d3-ccfa-378e-9e4c-3a81142ac3a7},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:41:02.686Z},
 accessed = {2012-11-06},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:41:02.810Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The relationship between ethnicity and biology is of interest to anthropologists, biomedical scientists, and historians in understanding how human groups are constructed. Ethnic self-identification in recently admixed groups such as Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans (NA) is likely to be complex due to the heterogeneity in individual admixture proportions and social environments within these groups. This study examines the relationships between self-identified ethnicity, self-estimated admixture proportions, skin pigmentation, and genetic marker estimated admixture proportions. These measures were assessed using questionnaires, skin color measurements, and genotyping of a panel of 76 ancestry informative markers, among 170 Hispanics and NAs from New Mexico, a state known for its complex history of interactions between people of NA and European (EU) ancestry. Results reveal that NAs underestimate their degree of EU admixture, and that Hispanics underestimate their degree of NA admixture. Within Hispanics, genetic-marker estimated admixture is better predicted by forehead skin pigmentation than by self-estimated admixture. We also find that Hispanic individuals self-identified as "half-White, half Hispanic" and "Spanish" have lower levels of NA admixture than those self-identified as "Mexican" and "Mexican American." Such results highlight the interplay between culture and biology in how individuals identify and view themselves, and have implications for how ethnicity and disease risk are assessed in a medical setting.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Klimentidis, Yann C and Miller, Geoffrey F and Shriver, Mark D},
 journal = {American journal of physical anthropology},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{ 71,
  title = {Structured variability of muscle activations supports the minimal intervention principle of motor control.},
  journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
  volume = {102},
  year = {2009},
  month = {2009 Jul},
  pages = {59-68},
  abstract = {Numerous observations of structured motor variability indicate that the sensorimotor system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters while allowing task-irrelevant ones to fluctuate. Optimality models show that controlling a redundant musculo-skeletal system in this manner meets task demands while minimizing control effort. Although this line of inquiry has been very productive, the data are mostly behavioral with no direct physiological evidence on the level of muscle or neural activity. Furthermore, biomechanical coupling, signal-dependent noise, and alternative causes of trial-to-trial variability confound behavioral studies. Here we address those confounds and present evidence that the nervous system preferentially controls task-relevant parameters on the muscle level. We asked subjects to produce vertical fingertip force vectors of prescribed constant or time-varying magnitudes while maintaining a constant finger posture. We recorded intramuscular electromyograms (EMGs) simultaneously from all seven index finger muscles during this task. The experiment design and selective fine-wire muscle recordings allowed us to account for a median of 91% of the variance of fingertip forces given the EMG signals. By analyzing muscle coordination in the seven-dimensional EMG signal space, we find that variance-per-dimension is consistently smaller in the task-relevant subspace than in the task-irrelevant subspace. This first direct physiological evidence on the muscle level for preferential control of task-relevant parameters strongly suggest the use of a neural control strategy compatible with the principle of minimal intervention. Additionally, variance is nonnegligible in all seven dimensions, which is at odds with the view that muscle activation patterns are composed from a small number of synergies.},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Biological, Biomechanics, Electromyography, Female, Fingers, Humans, Male, Models, Movement, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Strength, Posture, Principal Component Analysis, Psychomotor Performance, Skeletal, Time Factors, Young Adult},
  issn = {0022-3077},
  doi = {10.​1152/​jn.​90324.​2008},
  url = {http://jn.physiology.org/content/102/1/59.long},
  author = {Valero-Cuevas, Francisco J and Venkadesan, Madhusudhan and Todorov, Emanuel}
}

@article{sundstrom_risk_2009,
	title = {The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of tranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia: a case-control study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {116},
	issn = {1471-0528},
	shorttitle = {The risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use of tranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01926.x},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess whether use of tranexamic acid is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
DESIGN: Nested case-control study.
SETTING: Database study using the General Practice Research Database for the years 1992-1998.
POPULATION: Women aged 15-49 years with a diagnosis of menorrhagia.
METHODS: Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the risk for VTE associated with different drug treatments for menorrhagia, adjusting for confounders.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds ratios with 95\% CI.
RESULTS: A total of 134 cases of VTE and 552 matched controls were identified. Recent use of tranexamic acid was scarce, yielding an adjusted odds ratio for VTE of 3.20 (95\% CI 0.65-15.78). The use of mefenamic acid (ORadj 5.54 [95\% CI 2.13-14.40]) or norethisterone (ORadj 2.41 [95\% CI 1.00-5.78]) was associated with an increased risk of VTE, as was a recent--in relation to menorrhagia--diagnosis of anaemia or a haemoglobin value {\textless}11.5 g/dl (ORadj 2.23 [95\% CI 1.02-4.86]).
CONCLUSIONS: We found that tranexamic acid was associated with an increased risk of VTE, although the risk estimate did not reach statistical significance. Increased risks of VTE associated with other treatments for menorrhagia were observed. The increased risk of VTE observed with a diagnosis of anaemia--a proxy for more severe menorrhagia--suggests that menorrhagia could be a prothrombotic condition. The observed association between VTE, tranexamic acid and other treatments for menorrhagia may thus partly be explained by confounding by indication. The possibility that menorrhagia is itself a risk factor for VTE merits further investigation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology},
	author = {Sundström, A. and Seaman, H. and Kieler, H. and Alfredsson, L.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19016686},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Antifibrinolytic Agents, Databases, Factual, Epidemiologic Methods, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Menorrhagia, Middle Aged, Tranexamic Acid, Venous Thromboembolism, Young Adult},
	pages = {91--97}
}

@article{dolan_national_2009,
	title = {The national mortality burden and significant factors associated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 1997-2006},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1873-4626},
	shorttitle = {The national mortality burden and significant factors associated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy},
	doi = {10.1007/s11605-009-0988-2},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the mortality rate and significant factors associated with laparoscopic (LC) and open cholecystectomies (OC) over a 10-year period.
METHODS: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we analyzed data for both LC and OC between 1997 and 2006. Cholecystectomies performed as part of another primary procedure were excluded. Using procedure-specific codes, we calculated annual national volumes for both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomies for the time period under review and the associated in-hospital mortality following both of these procedures. Using logistic regression modeling, we then analyzed selected patient and institutional characteristics to determine if a significant association existed between these factors and in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS: There was a 16\% increase in the volume of LC and a corresponding decrease in open procedures over the 10 years under review. In 2006, 12\% of cholecystectomies were still performed using an open approach and the associated mortality remained significantly higher than that seen with LC. Overall, after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, the mortality for OC was higher than that for LC (OR 4.57; 95\% CI, 4.37-4.79, p {\textless} 0.001). Age ({\textgreater}60 years), male gender, non-elective admission, admission source, and a primary diagnosis other than cholelithiasis were all independently associated with increased mortality. The average mortality rate associated with conversion from LC to OC was found to be 0.7\%.
CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an increase in the proportion LCs performed over the years under study with a decrease in the proportion of OCs. However, OCs remain associated with a significant mortality burden when compared with the laparoscopic approach.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract},
	author = {Dolan, James P. and Diggs, Brian S. and Sheppard, Brett C. and Hunter, John G.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cholecystectomy, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Middle Aged, United States},
	pages = {2292--2301}
}

@article{setakis_changes_2008,
	title = {Changes in the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors after the 2004 withdrawal of rofecoxib},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0004-3591},
	doi = {10.1002/art.23925},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of rofecoxib withdrawal on the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors.
METHODS: The General Practice Research Database was used to identify patients age {\textgreater} or =18 years who were prescribed a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Various patient characteristics were noted at the start of therapy: age, sex, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-related risk factors for upper gastrointestinal (GI) events, and the Framingham risk score for cardiovascular disease. Logistic regression was used to compare patients using selective COX-2 inhibitors before and after September 2004.
RESULT: The study population included 171,645 patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors. The number of users substantially increased over time until September 2004 and sharply declined thereafter. Approximately 80\% stopped selective COX-2 inhibitor therapy within 6 months. Patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors after September 2004 were younger and included more men compared with those receiving therapy before September 2004. There was no change before and after September 2004 in the proportion of patients with GI risk factors or high Framingham risk scores, after adjustment for age and sex. A correlation was found between presence of GI risk factors and high Framingham risk scores. Only 20\% of patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors had GI risk factors but low Framingham risk score, which did not change after September 2004.
CONCLUSION: There was no channeling in the usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors toward patients with a high risk of GI and low risk of cardiovascular disease following the withdrawal of rofecoxib.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
	author = {Setakis, E. and Leufkens, H. G. M. and van Staa, T. P.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18668614},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Great Britain, Humans, Lactones, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Rheumatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Sulfones, incidence},
	pages = {1105--1111}
}

@article{cardwell_no_2008,
	title = {No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset {Type} 1 diabetes: a matched case-control study using the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1464-5491},
	shorttitle = {No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset {Type} 1 diabetes},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02351.x},
	abstract = {AIMS: To determine whether children with infections in early life (recorded routinely in general practice) have a reduced risk of Type 1 diabetes, as would be expected from the hygiene hypothesis.
METHODS: Children with Type 1 diabetes and up to 20 matched (on year of birth, sex and region) control subjects were selected from a cohort of children born in the UK at General Practice Research Database practices. For each child, the frequency of general practitioner consultations for infections and prescriptions for antibiotics in the first year of life were determined. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% confidence intervals (95\%CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: The main analysis included 367 case and 4579 matched control subjects. There was no evidence of any reduction in the subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes in children with at least one infection in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95\%CI 0.79, 1.34) or in children prescribed antibiotics in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95\%CI 0.82, 1.29). Further analyses also revealed little evidence of a difference in subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes after different types of infection in the first year of life (including gastrointestinal, conjunctivitis, otitis media and upper and lower respiratory tract). Analyses of infections in the first 2 years of life reached similar conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence of an association between infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes and therefore does not support the hygiene hypothesis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association},
	author = {Cardwell, C. R. and Carson, D. J. and Patterson, C. C.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18201209},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, databases as topic, infection},
	pages = {261--267}
}

@Article{Elliot2007,
  author   = {Andrew J Elliot and Markus A Maier and Arlen C Moller and Ron Friedman and J\"org Meinhardt},
  journal  = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
  title    = {Color and psychological functioning: the effect of red on performance attainment.},
  year     = {2007},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {154-68},
  volume   = {136},
  abstract = {This research focuses on the relation between color and psychological
	functioning, specifically, that between red and performance attainment.
	Red is hypothesized to impair performance on achievement tasks, because
	red is associated with the danger of failure in achievement contexts
	and evokes avoidance motivation. Four experiments demonstrate that
	the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an
	IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place
	outside of participants' conscious awareness. Two further experiments
	establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated
	by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e.,
	cortical activation) measures. The findings suggest that care must
	be taken in how red is used in achievement contexts and illustrate
	how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important
	influences on behavior.},
  doi      = {10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.154},
  keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Color Perception, Escape Reaction, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, 17324089},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Adolescent female murderers: characteristics and treatment implications.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Criminal Law,Criminal Law: legislation & jurisprudence,Female,Homicide,Homicide: psychology,Humans,Psychotic Disorders,Psychotic Disorders: epidemiology,Psychotic Disorders: psychology,Psychotic Disorders: therapy},
 pages = {489-96},
 volume = {77},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17696677},
 month = {7},
 id = {85485f9c-e2ab-3dd3-a69d-2ca4757631df},
 created = {2016-09-13T00:48:33.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-09-05},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
 group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
 last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:50.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {This study examines individual and family characteristics of a population of 29 adolescent females charged with homicide or attempted homicide in the juvenile justice system. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the limited knowledge about adolescent females charged with homicide. Data were collected including the MAYSI-2, a risk classification instrument, and social, educational and family histories. Findings include high rates of reported substance use, delinquent peers, early indicators of mental health problems, and limited control and supervision by parents. The most common weapon used was a car and the most common victim was a known person. A comparison was conducted on girls charged with homicide during the commission of another crime or committed during a conflict. The conflict group was found to victimize friends and family significantly more often than the crime group. The crime group showed higher use of alcohol and drugs, used a gun more and had co-offenders at a higher rate. A profile was developed to describe the typical adolescent female homicide offender found in this study. Treatment recommendations and future research were discussed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Roe-Sepowitz, Dominique},
 journal = {The American journal of orthopsychiatry},
 number = {3}
}

@article{srinivasan_risk_2007,
	title = {Risk of colorectal cancer in women with a prior diagnosis of gynecologic malignancy},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0192-0790},
	doi = {10.1097/01.mcg.0000225587.85953.06},
	abstract = {GOALS AND BACKGROUND: Earlier studies regarding the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in women with a prior diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies have revealed conflicting results. We sought to further clarify this association.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the General Practice Research Database of the United Kingdom. Patients with a prior diagnosis of ovarian, uterine, or cervical cancers were compared with control patients without a prior gynecologic malignancy. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of CRC. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the effects of potential confounders.
RESULTS: The study included 1995 ovarian, 1348 uterine, and 1101 cervical cancer patients and 7980, 5392, and 4404 matched control patients, respectively. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of CRC among ovarian cancer patients was 2.90 [95\% confidence intervals (CI) 1.45-5.82]. Five of 10 cases of CRC in ovarian cancer patients were diagnosed within 6 months of the cancer diagnosis with an adjusted IRR of 8.0 (95\% CI 1.9-33.6). Excluding the initial 6 months of follow-up after the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, the adjusted IRR was 1.6 (95\% CI 0.76-5.03). The adjusted IRR of CRC in patients with a prior diagnosis of uterine and cervical cancer was 0.79 (95\% CI 0.24-2.61) and 1.50 (95\% CI 0.43-5.21), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Women with a prior diagnosis of ovarian cancer are at an increased risk of CRC. The risk of CRC was not increased among patients with a prior history of uterine and cervical cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology},
	author = {Srinivasan, Radhika and Yang, Yu-Xiao and Rubin, Stephen C. and Morgan, Mark A. and Lewis, James D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17426469},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cohort Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, Female, Genital Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Ovarian Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Uterine Neoplasms},
	pages = {291--296}
}

@article{babb_vitamin_2007,
	title = {Vitamin {D} receptor gene polymorphisms and sputum conversion time in pulmonary tuberculosis patients},
	volume = {87},
	issn = {1472-9792},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tube.2007.03.001},
	abstract = {A cohort of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in a South African admixed population was investigated to determine if the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms FokI, ApaI, and TaqI are associated with TB susceptibility or time to sputum conversion, and to investigate other clinical and demographic factors affecting the rate of response to treatment. Firstly, a case-control association study of 249 TB cases and 352 healthy controls was carried out to investigate association of VDR polymorphisms with TB susceptibility. Secondly, a cohort of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with conversion times for both sputum smear (n=220) and culture (n=222) were analysed to determine factors contributing to mycobacterial resolution in sputum. Age and gender adjusted Cox regression models were constructed. Our results indicate that the extent of disease at diagnosis was predictive of both smear and culture conversion times in the final models. Smoking status and VDR genotype contributed independently to smear conversion time, with ApaI 'AA' genotype and TaqI 'T'-containing genotypes predictive of a faster response to TB chemotherapy. We did not find an association between VDR genotype and TB in the case-control study. We conclude that the time taken for an individual to convert to sputum negativity while on antituberculosis therapy can be independently predicted by the VDR genotype.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
	author = {Babb, C. and van der Merwe, L. and Beyers, N. and Pheiffer, C. and Walzl, G. and Duncan, K. and van Helden, P. and Hoal, E. G.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17449323},
	note = {00076 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Calcitriol, Regression Analysis, South Africa, Sputum, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary},
	pages = {295--302},
}

@article{fox_prevalence_2006,
	title = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database: {A} series of retrospective analyses of data from 1998 through 2002},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0149-2918},
	shorttitle = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.03.005},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the mid-1990s, the development of new oral antidiabetic agents (OAs) and treatment guidelines have created an opportunity to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of good and inadequate glycemic control across a 5-year period among patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom. It also investigated the factors associated with achieving glycemic targets.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of data from the General Practice Research Database. Three limits were used to assess glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): 6.5\%, 7.0\%, or 7.5\%. Values above the cutoffs indicated inadequate control of HbA1c; those at or below the cutoffs indicated good control. The study evaluated clinical and pharmacy data from the years 1998 to 2002 for patients with type 2 diabetes, {\textgreater} or =2 years of follow-up, and {\textgreater} or =2 HbA1c measurements during the first year. Five independent cross-sectional analyses were conducted, grouping data by year. Statistical significance was determined by Student t and chi2 tests.
RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 10,663 patients aged 17 to 98 years. The number of total eligible type 2 diabetes patients increased over the course of the study period: 5674 patients in 1998, 6553 in 1999, 7314 in 2000, 7323 in 2001, and 6192 in 2002. Overall, the study population had a mean (SD) age of 66 (11.0) years, was 53\% male (3033/5674), and had a body mass index of 29 kg/m(2). Seventy-six percent of patients had HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\% and 37\% were taking {\textgreater} or =2 oral agents. In 1998 and 2002, 79\% (4482/5674) and 76\% (4732/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate glycemic control, defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\%. When defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.5\%, 69\% (3923/5674) and 62\% (3814/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate control. Finally, when defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}6.5\%, 88\% (5011/5674) of patients in both 1998 and 2002 had inadequate control. Compared with patients with good disease control (HbA1c {\textless} or =7.0\%), patients with inadequate control were approximately 2 years younger (P {\textless} 0.001) and had been prescribed more OAs: 41\% received {\textgreater} or =2 OAs in 1998 and 52\% in 2002, compared with 23\% and 34\% (both, P = 0.001), respectively, of patients with good glycemic control (P {\textless} 0.02). Sex, number of diabetes complications, and number of comorbidities did not differ between groups (P = NS).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the introduction of new OAs and treatment guidelines, the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control remains high ({\textgreater}60\%) in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom. Regardless of the HbA1c cutoff, patients with inadequate control were younger and received prescriptions for more OAs than patients with good control.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Therapeutics},
	author = {Fox, Kathleen M. and Gerber Pharmd, Robert A. and Bolinder, Bjorn and Chen, Jack and Kumar, Sanjaya},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16750453},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, databases as topic},
	pages = {388--395}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Child passenger safety for inner-city Latinos: new approaches from the community.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attitudes,Automobiles,Child,Community Health Services,Community Health Services: organization & administ,Female,Health Education,Health Education: methods,Health Knowledge,Hispanic Americans,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Infant Equipment: utilization,Male,Middle Aged,Newborn,Parents,Practice,Preschool,Program Evaluation,United States,Urban Health Services,Urban Health Services: organization & administrati,Wounds and Injuries,Wounds and Injuries: ethnology,Wounds and Injuries: prevention & control},
 pages = {99-104},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2577363&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 id = {87fdea4a-6f0c-3a6b-86a9-61cad4b0a1b7},
 created = {2016-09-13T00:48:25.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-09-05},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
 group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
 last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:52.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Motor vehicle crashes injuries, the leading cause of death for Latino children in the United States, can be reduced by the correct use of child safety seats. This study evaluated the ability of a community health worker education program to improve proper child safety seat usage in urban low income Latino families.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Martin, M. and Holden, J. and Chen, Z. and Quinlan, K.},
 journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention},
 number = {2}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Translational research in child and adolescent transportation safety.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Accidents,Adolescent,Adult,Child,Diffusion of Innovation,Equipment Design,Humans,Infant Equipment,Information Dissemination,Licensure,Licensure: legislation & jurisprudence,Motor Vehicles,Motor Vehicles: legislation & jurisprudence,Motor Vehicles: statistics & numerical data,Postmarketing,Product Surveillance,Research Design,Safety,Safety: statistics & numerical data,Traffic,Traffic: statistics & numerical data,Wounds and Injuries,Wounds and Injuries: prevention & control},
 pages = {33-64},
 volume = {29},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16510879},
 month = {3},
 id = {ffb0b0f9-9111-3191-afe3-fb5e79cd761a},
 created = {2016-09-13T00:48:27.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-09-05},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
 group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
 last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:54.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Motor vehicle crash (MVC)-related injury is the leading cause of death among youths age 1 to 19 years. Advances in MVC and injury prevention depend on interrelated combinations of technology, policy, and education, and research on these topics can inform policy and lead to improvement in safety. This article presents two examples of translational research in transportation injury prevention. In the first example of child passenger protection, the authors describe a program of research designed to reduce the gap between the theoretical and practical effectiveness of safety methods. In the second example of novice teen drivers, the authors examine translational research related to two complementary approaches to reducing the exposure of novice teen drivers to high-risk driving conditions-graduated driver licensing policy and parental management of novice teen drivers. The examples suggest the utility of systematic programs of research designed to improve the translation into practice of MVC and injury prevention technology and policy.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Simons-Morton, Bruce G. and Winston, Flaura Koplin},
 journal = {Evaluation & the health professions},
 number = {1}
}

@article{jones_physical_2006,
	title = {Physical and psychological co-morbidity in irritable bowel syndrome: a matched cohort study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {0269-2813},
	shorttitle = {Physical and psychological co-morbidity in irritable bowel syndrome},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03044.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common problem known to have a complex relationship with psychological disorders and other physical symptoms. Little information, however, is available concerning physical and psychological comorbidity in irritable bowel syndrome patients studied over an extended period.
AIM: To evaluate physical and psychological morbidity 2 years before and during 6 years after the time of diagnosis in incident cases of irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects.
METHODS: A matched cohort study was implemented in 123 general practices using the General Practice Research Database. Irritable bowel syndrome cases (n = 1827) and controls (n = 3654) were compared for 2 years before and 6 years after diagnosis.
RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in patients over 15 years of age was 1.9 per 1,000 in men and 5.8 per 1,000 in women. From 2 years before the date of diagnosis, more irritable bowel syndrome cases (13\%) than controls (5\%) consulted with depression or were prescribed antidepressant drugs. Consultation and prescription rates for anxiety were also higher before diagnosis, and both anxiety and depression remained prevalent up to 6 years after diagnosis. Asthma, symptoms of urinary tract infection, gall-bladder surgery, hysterectomy and diverticular disease were recorded more frequently in irritable bowel syndrome patients, who were also more likely than controls to be referred to hospital.
CONCLUSIONS: People who are diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome experience more anxiety and depression and a range of physical problems, compared with controls; they are more likely to be referred to hospital.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Alimentary Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
	author = {Jones, R. and Latinovic, R. and Charlton, J. and Gulliford, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16918893},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asthma, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Databases, Factual, Diverticulum, Family Practice, Female, Gallbladder Diseases, Great Britain, Hospitalization, Humans, Hysterectomy, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Urinary Tract Infections, anxiety, depression, incidence},
	pages = {879--886}
}

@article{ruigomez_chest_2006,
	title = {Chest pain in general practice: incidence, comorbidity and mortality},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0263-2136},
	shorttitle = {Chest pain in general practice},
	doi = {10.1093/fampra/cmi124},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chest pain is a common symptom that presents the primary care physician with a complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
AIMS: To evaluate the natural history and management of patients diagnosed with chest pain of unspecified type or origin in primary care.
DESIGN: Population-based case-control study.
METHODS: The study included 13,740 patients with a first diagnosis of unspecified chest pain and 20,000 age- and sex-matched controls identified from the UK General Practice Research Database. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using unconditional logistic regression. Risk estimates were adjusted for age, sex and number of physician visits.
RESULTS: The incidence of a new diagnosis of chest pain was 15.5 per 1000 person-years and increased with age, particularly in men. The risk of a chest pain diagnosis was greatest in patients with prior diagnoses of coronary heart disease (OR: 7.1; 95\% CI: 6.1-8.2) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (OR: 2.0; 95\% CI: 1.7-2.3). In the year after diagnosis, chest pain patients were more likely than controls to be newly diagnosed with coronary heart disease (OR: 14.9; 95\% CI: 12.7-17.4) and heart failure (OR: 4.7; 95\% CI: 3.6-6.1). A new diagnosis of chest pain was associated with an increased risk of death in the following year (RR: 2.3; 95\% CI: 1.9-2.8).
CONCLUSIONS: Some causes of chest pain are underdiagnosed in primary care. This is of particular consequence for the minority of chest pain patients with cardiac disease.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Family Practice},
	author = {Ruigómez, Ana and Rodríguez, Luis Alberto García and Wallander, Mari-Ann and Johansson, Saga and Jones, Roger},
	month = apr,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16461444},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Chest pain, Child, Child, Preschool, Comorbidity, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, State Medicine, databases as topic},
	pages = {167--174}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Daughters increase longevity of fathers, but daughters and sons equally reduce longevity of mothers},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family Characteristics,*Nuclear Family,*Parents,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Humans,Longevity/*physiology,Male,Middle Aged,Poland/epidemiology,Rural Population/trends,Survival Rate},
 pages = {422-425},
 volume = {18},
 id = {0e49814c-3477-3b9f-812f-0fd600352d97},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:32.411Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:32.557Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Comparative Study<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</m:note>},
 abstract = {Reproduction is energetically and physiologically expensive, and an individual investing resources into producing offspring should suffer costs such as deterioration in health condition and possibly shorter life span. Since the energetic and nutritional demands of pregnancy and breastfeeding render reproductive costs much higher in women than in men, women with a large number of children should show signs of deterioration in condition, while men with large families should not. However, whether reproductive costs reduce longevity in women is still questionable, and in men this issue has not been adequately addressed. In addition, since sons are energetically more expensive to produce than daughters, having sons should have a more pronounced negative impact on maternal longevity than having daughters. Here we document a striking disparity in the impact of children on the life span of mothers and fathers in a Polish rural population. We show for the first time that number of daughters was positively related to a longer life span of their fathers, increasing their longevity on average by 74 weeks per daughter born, while number of sons did not have a significant effect on paternal longevity. In contrast, in women, the number of daughters and number of sons reduced maternal longevity and did so to the same extent, on average by 95 weeks per son or daughter, indicating that for women, the costs of having sons and daughters are similar.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jasienska, G and Nenko, I and Jasienski, M},
 journal = {Am J Hum Biol},
 number = {3}
}

@article{helms_utility_2005,
	title = {Utility of routinely acquired primary care data for paediatric disease epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02404.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The majority of medicines prescribed for children are prescribed in primary care for common acute and chronic conditions. This is in contrast to prescribing in secondary care where the population of children admitted is small but where a large number of different medicines are prescribed to treat more serious and less common conditions.
METHODS: Data on prescribing was extracted from the General Practice Administration System for Scotland (GPASS) for the year November 1999 to October 2000 and prescribing patterns for children aged 0-16 years expressed as percentages. A comparison of age specific consultations for asthma, as an example of a common paediatric condition, was also made between two separate general practice data sets, the General Practice Research Database (GRPD) and the continuous morbidity recording (CMR) subset of GPASS.
RESULTS: Of 214 medicines investigated for unlicensed and off-label prescribing no unlicensed prescribing was identified. Off-label prescribing due to age was most common among younger and older children. The most common reasons for off-label prescriptions were, in order of frequency, lower than recommended dose, higher than recommended dose, below the recommended age, and unlicensed formulation. Age and gender specific consultations for asthma were similar in the two representative databases, GPRD and CMR, both showing disappearance of the male predominance in the teenage years.
CONCLUSIONS: Large primary care data sets available within a unified health care system such as the UK National Health Service (NHS) are likely to be broadly compatible and produce similar results. The prescribing of off-label medicines to children is common in primary care, most commonly due to prescribing out with the recommended dosage regimen.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Helms, Peter J. and Ekins Daukes, Suzie and Taylor, Michael W. and Simpson, Colin R. and McLay, James S.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15948933},
	pmcid = {PMC1884863},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Age Distribution, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Drug Approval, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Pediatrics, Primary Health Care, Reproducibility of Results, Scotland, State Medicine, pharmacoepidemiology},
	pages = {684--690}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The preparation of reach-to-grasp movements in adults, children, and children with movement problems.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {1249-1263},
 volume = {58},
 id = {6655dc6a-a75f-3c4b-9034-d2a3d072dd0b},
 created = {2016-01-12T14:18:51.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {This study explored the use of advance information in the control of reach-to-grasp movements. The paradigm required participants to reach and grasp illuminated blocks with their right hand. Four target blocks were positioned on a table surface, two each side of the mid-saggital plane. In the complete precue condition, advance information precisely specified target location. In the partial precue condition, advance information indicated target location relative to the midsaggital plane (left or right). In the null condition, the advance information was entirely ambiguous. Participants produced fastest responses in the complete precue condition, intermediate response times in the partial condition, and the slowest responses in the null condition. This result was observed in adults and four groups of children including a group aged 4-6 years. In contrast, children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD, n=11, aged 7--13 years) showed no advantage of partial precueing. Movement duration was determined by target location but was unaffected by precue condition. Movement duration was a clear function of age apart from children in the DCD group who showed equivalent movement times to those of the youngest children. These findings provide important insights into the control of reach-to-grasp movements and highlight that partial cues are exploited by children as young as 4 years but are not used in situations of abnormal development.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mon-Williams, M and Tresilian, J R and Bell, V E and Coppard, V L and Nixdorf, M and Carson, R G},
 journal = {The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology},
 number = {October 2014}
}

@article{seaman_venous_2004,
	title = {Venous thromboembolism associated with cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyloestradiol ({Dianette}): observational studies using the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1053-8569},
	shorttitle = {Venous thromboembolism associated with cyproterone acetate in combination with ethinyloestradiol ({Dianette})},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.896},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To derive risk estimates for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women prescribed cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyloestradiol (CPA/EE), a drug licensed in the UK for the treatment of women with acne or hirsutism. CPA/EE provides a treatment option for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). CPA/EE has been associated with an increased risk of VTE.
METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database, we conducted cohort and case-control analyses in all women aged 15-39 and then nested in a population of women of the same age with acne, hirsutism or PCOS.
RESULTS: The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for VTE in women exposed to CPA/EE versus conventional combined oral contraceptives (COCs) was significantly raised (all women: 1.92; 95\% CI: 1.22,2.88; nested: 2.51; 95\% CI: 1.07,5.75). Using exposure to conventional COCs as the reference, the adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for VTE associated with CPA/EE was 1.45 (95\% CI: 0.80,2.64) in all women and 1.71 (95\% CI: 0.31,9.49) in women with acne, hirsutism or PCOS.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of VTE associated with CPA/EE use does not differ significantly from that associated with the use of conventional COCs. These data are reassuring and together with knowledge of the risks associated with other treatments for acne, in particular, should influence prescribing practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Seaman, H. E. and de Vries, C. S. and Farmer, R. D. T.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15269926},
	keywords = {Acne Vulgaris, Adolescent, Adult, Androgen Antagonists, Case-Control Studies, Cyproterone Acetate, Databases, Factual, Drug Combinations, Estrogens, Ethinyl Estradiol, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Venous Thrombosis, incidence},
	pages = {427--436}
}

@article{ courtois_prevalence_2004,
  title = {Prevalence of alcohol, drug use and psychoactive substance consumption in samples of French and Congolese high school students},
  volume = {34},
  issn = {0049-4755},
  abstract = {The aim of this study was to make a first comparative approach to teenagers'consumption of psychoactive substances within samples drawn in France and in Brazzaville the Congo. The samples consisted of 1637 French high-school students and 155 Congolese students. An anonymous questionnaire with 13 closed items was completed. Whilst 82.1% of the male and 74.5% of the female French students had already consumed some alcoholic drinks, only 42.4% of the male and 44.0% of female Congolese students had consumed alcohol. French high school students were more affected by tobacco addiction: 22.2% (male) and 22.9% (female) of the French students smoked daily; only 3.0% (male) and 1.9% (female) Congolese students were smokers. The consumption of psychotropic medicines (sedatives, anxiolytics or hypnotics) appeared overall to be less among French high school students than the Congolese, particularly in boys (11.9% versus 17.2%). This consumption was mainly from medicine taken without medical prescription or misused. The use of cannabis appeared overall to be higher among French high school students (45.9% of males and 31.6% of females) than the Congolese (12.5% of males and 7.4% of females).},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Tropical Doctor},
  author = {Courtois, R. and El-Hage, W. and Moussiessi, T. and Mullet, E.},
  month = {January},
  year = {2004},
  pmid = {14959963},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Congo, Female, France, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Psychotropic Drugs, Questionnaires, Smoking, Students, Substance-Related Disorders},
  pages = {15--17}
}

@article{howard_medical_2003,
	title = {Medical outcome of pregnancy in women with psychotic disorders and their infants in the first year after birth},
	volume = {182},
	issn = {0007-1250},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: There has been little research into the health of infants of women with psychotic disorders.
AIMS: To investigate the antenatal care of mothers with a history of psychotic disorders, obstetric outcomes and the subsequent health of their babies.
METHOD: A matched, controlled cohort study was carried out using the General Practice Research Database. Women with a history of a psychotic disorder, who gave birth in 1996-1998, were compared with women matched for age and general practice (199 cases and 787 controls) and their infants.
RESULTS: Cases had a higher proportion of stillbirths (OR=4.03, 95\% CI 1.14-4.25, P=0.03) and neonatal deaths (P{\textless}0.001). There was no difference in gestational age at antenatal booking. Mothers with psychotic disorders were less likely than controls to attend for infant immunisations 90-270 days after birth (RR=0.94, 95\% CI 0.88-0.99, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the rates of accidents and hospital contacts for infants.
CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in women with a history of psychotic disorder, and it is therefore important for health care professionals to focus on optimal obstetric care. The physical health of babies who live with mothers with psychotic disorders is not significantly different from that of matched baby controls.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science},
	author = {Howard, Louise M. and Goss, Claudia and Leese, Morven and Thornicroft, Graham},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12509320},
	keywords = {Accidents, Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Female, Fetal Death, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunization, Infant, Newborn, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, Psychotic Disorders, Smoking, pregnancy},
	pages = {63--67}
}

@article{
 title = {Voluntazy and automatic attentional control of visual working memory},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attention,Cues,Female,Humans,Male,Memory,Random Allocation,Visual Perception},
 pages = {754-63},
 volume = {64},
 id = {ff3839e3-582e-374a-8492-e784167ac39c},
 created = {2017-09-01T15:54:32.169Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538},
 group_id = {a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926},
 last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:32.257Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Previous studies of attention-directing cues have focused largely on the effects of cuing on perceptual processes, but cuing may also influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory. In the present study, we examined this potential role of cues, using both predictive and non-predictive cues in the context of a visual working memory task. Each trial began with a cue, followed by an array of six colored squares, a delay interval, and then a probe square presented at th e location of one of the squares in the previous array. The subjects were required to indicate whether the color of the probe square was the same as the color of the square that had previously been presented at the same location. Performance on this working memory task was more accurate when the cued location was probed than when an uncued location was probed, even when the cued location was no more likely to be probed than any of the uncued locations. An additional experiment using the abrupt-onset paradigm of Yantis and Jonides (1984) yielded similar results. Thus, visual transients may automatically influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schmidt, Brandon and Vogel, Edward and Woodman, Geoffrey and Luck, Steven},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The local field in infratentorial ependymoma: does the entire posterior fossa need to be treated?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {80 and over,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Cranial Fossa,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Humans,Infratentorial Neoplasms,Infratentorial Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Infratentorial Neoplasms: surgery,Male,Middle Aged,Posterior,Preschool,Radiotherapy Dosage,Survival Analysis,Treatment Failure},
 pages = {757-61},
 volume = {49},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172959},
 month = {3},
 day = {1},
 id = {824b4da9-3acc-37d7-9dd5-8c30fb640a36},
 created = {2014-08-02T21:56:13.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {be299c88-7105-3a8d-a1cd-3aa95c25e2c4},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:51.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In the past decade, there have been multiple reports indicating that the predominant problem in the curative treatment of intracranial ependymoma is local failure. As a result, many have recommended local field radiotherapy. For infratentorial ependymoma, there is controversy regarding what constitutes the local field. Some radiation oncologists advocate coverage of the entire posterior fossa, whereas others recommend radiotherapy to the tumor bed and a safety margin. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1984 to 1998, 28 patients with posterior fossa ependymoma were diagnosed at our institution. There were 18 males and 10 females with a median age of 12 years (range, 2-81 years). Four patients (14%) had high-grade ependymoma and 3 (11%) had M+ disease at initial diagnosis. Gross total resection was achieved in 17 (61%) and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) was given to 22 (77%). Radiotherapy fields were craniospinal in 10, whole brain in 1, posterior fossa in 2, and tumor bed with a 2-cm. margin in 9. Median dose to the primary site was 54 Gy (range, 45-55 Gy). All 4 patients with high-grade ependymoma received craniospinal RT. Six patients did not receive RT after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain at initial diagnosis were compared to MRI or CT scans of patients at relapse to determine if the local relapse was in the tumor bed or nontumor bed posterior fossa. Median follow-up was 127 months (range, 14-188 months). RESULTS: Six patients have relapsed. For the 11 patients who had craniospinal or whole brain radiotherapy (RT), 3 recurred (tumor bed 1, spine 1, nontumor bed posterior fossa + spine 1). Both patients who failed in the spine had high-grade tumors. Neither of the 2 treated with posterior fossa fields relapsed. For the 9 patients who had tumor bed RT alone and the 6 who did not receive RT, there were 3 relapses; all were in the tumor bed. There were no relapses in the nontumor bed posterior fossa. CONCLUSION: For nondisseminated, low-grade infratentorial ependymoma, the radiotherapy volume does not need to include the entire posterior fossa. This information can be used to minimize late effects of RT in the era of three-dimensional (conformal) radiotherapy. No conclusion can be reached regarding the appropriate local field for high-grade infratentorial ependymoma because of the small number of patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Paulino, A C},
 journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
 number = {3}
}

@Article{Scholl2001b,
  author   = {B. J. Scholl},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {Objects and attention: {T}he state of the art.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {1-2},
  pages    = {1-46},
  volume   = {80},
  abstract = {What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding
	that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent
	work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete
	objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such
	'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate
	to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts,
	and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood,
	including the question of how attended objects are individuated in
	time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions
	and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues
	beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory
	objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.},
  keywords = {80 and over, Adenoviridae, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attention, Auditory Perception, Biopsy, Bone Nails, Bone Neoplasms, Bone Screws, Bone Transplantation, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Comparative Study, Concept Formation, Constriction, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, Femoral Neoplasms, Femur Head, Femur Neck, Fibula, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Gene Expression, Gene Transfer Techniques, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hepatitis, Homologous, Humans, Inbred Strains, Infant, Injections, Internal, Intramedullary, Intravenous, Judgment, Knee Joint, Liver, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Meta-Analysis, Middle Aged, Models, Motion, Motion Perception, Needle, Neoplasms, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Perceptual Distortion, Portal Vein, Preschool, Problem Solving, Psychological, Radiation-Induced, Rats, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Second Primary, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Perception, Space Perception, Spontaneous, Squamous Cell, Students, Time Factors, Tomography, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, X-Ray Computed, 11245838},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{duhamel_social_2001,
	title = {Social and health status of arrivals in a {French} prison: a consecutive case study from 1989 to 1995},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0398-7620},
	shorttitle = {Social and health status of arrivals in a {French} prison},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427826},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND

To assess the demographic, socioeconomic and health status of male arrivals in French jails and to analyze the time trends of these characteristics.


METHODS

The study was carried out in a prison for detained persons and short term prisoners. Using a standardized questionnaire, we recorded the characteristics of all male detainees and prisoners arriving in the prison between 1989 and 1995. The information collected concerned: demographic data, level of education and professional status, reasons for detention or imprisonment, social and family background, lifestyle, medical and psychiatric history, suicide attempts and illicit use of drugs. The characteristics of the study population were compared with those found in the general regional population. We analyzed developing trends in the health status of the prison population as well as their socio-economic profile over a period of seven years (1989 to 1995).


RESULTS

A total of 14,785 questionnaires were analyzed. Of the study population, 56\% had no professional qualification, and 62\% was unemployed. About two-thirds of the inmates presented psychiatric problems or problems with illicit drug use (one or several drugs). Amongst these, 70\% had not had any form of care -neither therapeutic nor educational- before their arrival in prison. Between 1989 and 1995, the proportion of drug users increased by 30\%. A parallel increase was observed in the level of unemployment and in the frequency of mental problems.


CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest a need for therapeutic and educational care to be provided for prison inmates. This poses a problem which needs to be addressed in terms of public health. The study also illustrates the usefulness of a standardised questionnaire for each arrival. The systematic use of such a tool would make it possible to identify inmates'needs and to propose adapted care solutions.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-05-10},
	journal = {Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique},
	author = {Duhamel, A and Renard, J M and Nuttens, M C and Devos, P and Beuscart, R and Archer, E},
	month = jun,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11427826},
	keywords = {*Health Status, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Crime, Crime/statistics \& numerical data/trends, Educational Status, Family, Family/psychology, France, France/epidemiology, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Style, Male, Marital Status, Marital Status/statistics \& numerical data, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Occupations, Occupations/statistics \& numerical data, Prisoners, Prisoners/education/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted, Suicide, Attempted/statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},
	pages = {229--238},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Reducing everyday memory and planning problems by means of a paging system: a randomised control crossover study.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Brain Injuries,Brain Injuries: complications,Brain Injuries: physiopathology,Brain Injuries: psychology,Child,Female,Humans,Male,Memory,Memory Disorders,Memory Disorders: etiology,Memory Disorders: physiopathology,Memory: physiology,Middle Aged,Questionnaires,Reminder Systems,Task Performance and Analysis},
 pages = {477-82},
 volume = {70},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1737307&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 id = {900b322d-ea43-3553-8e3e-d89f7d23728a},
 created = {2017-06-01T08:23:43.336Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {b6efe121-8b29-3abc-9df5-2353a8d30e77},
 group_id = {32ad6c38-dd7d-39b9-9a71-86890e245b76},
 last_modified = {2017-06-01T08:23:43.469Z},
 tags = {attention},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {To evaluate a paging system designed to improve independence in people with memory problems and executive deficits.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wilson, B a and Emslie, H C and Quirk, K and Evans, J J},
 journal = {Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Molecular genetic alterations on chromosomes 11 and 22 in ependymomas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Alleles,Base Sequence,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: genetics,Child,Chromosome Deletion,Chromosomes,DNA,DNA Primers,DNA Primers: chemistry,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: genetics,Ependymoma: pathology,Female,Genes,Human,Humans,Infant,Loss of Heterozygosity,Male,Microsatellite Repeats,Middle Aged,Mutation,Neoplasm Proteins,Neoplasm Proteins: genetics,Neurofibromatosis 2,Neurofibromatosis 2: genetics,Newborn,Pair 11,Pair 11: genetics,Pair 22,Pair 22: genetics,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Preschool,Proto-Oncogene Proteins,Sequence Analysis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: genetics},
 pages = {803-8},
 volume = {91},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11275983},
 month = {3},
 day = {15},
 id = {7d56c6a1-5e17-379e-ab86-667dcf2ce1cd},
 created = {2013-08-05T21:04:27.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:50.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells at different locations throughout the brain and spinal cord. These tumors have a broad age distribution with a range from less than 1 year to more than 80 years. In some intramedullary spinal ependymomas, mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 22q have been described. Cytogenetic studies have also identified alterations involving chromosome arm 11q, including rearrangements at 11q13, in ependymomas. We analyzed 21 intramedullary spinal, 14 ventricular, 11 filum terminale and 6 intracerebral ependymomas for mutations in the MEN1 gene, which is located at 11q13, and mutations in the NF2 gene, which is located at 22q12, as well as for LOH on 11q and 22q. NF2 mutations were found in 6 tumors, all of which were intramedullary spinal and all of which displayed LOH 22q. Allelic loss on 22q was found in 20 cases and was significantly more frequent in intramedullary spinal ependymomas than in tumors in other locations. LOH 11q was found in 7 patients and exhibited a highly significant inverse association with LOH 22q (p<0.001). A hemizygous MEN1 mutation was identified in 3 tumors, all of which were recurrences from the same patient. Interestingly, the initial tumor corresponded to WHO grade II and displayed LOH 11q but not yet a MEN1 mutation. In 2 subsequent recurrences, the tumor had progressed to anaplastic ependymoma (WHO grade III) and exhibited a nonsense mutation in exon 10 of MEN1 (W471X) in conjunction with LOH 11q. This suggests that loss of wild-type MEN1 may be involved in the malignant progression of a subset of ependymomas. To conclude, our findings provide evidence for different genetic pathways involved in ependymoma formation and progression, which may allow to define genetically and clinically distinct tumor entities.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Lamszus, K and Lachenmayer, L and Heinemann, U and Kluwe, L and Finckh, U and Höppner, W and Stavrou, D and Fillbrandt, R and Westphal, M},
 journal = {International journal of cancer},
 number = {6}
}

@article{gale_patterns_2001,
	title = {Patterns of prescribing of nutritional supplements in the {United} {Kingdom}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0261-5614},
	doi = {10.1054/clnu.2001.0396},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A large number of prescriptions are issued for nutritional supplements under British National Formulary classifications 9.4.1 (foods for special diets) and 9.4.2 (enteral feeds), but little is known about the characteristics of the patients who receive them. We used the General Practice Research Database to examine patterns of prescribing of these supplements.
METHODS: We selected patients who had been prescribed supplements under classifications 9.4.1 and 9.4.2 during 1996-1997. Descriptive statistics were used to examine how prescribing varied.
RESULTS: 28644 patients received prescriptions during 1996-1997. Among the 27413 (96\%) patients prescribed supplements for oral use, 14750 received supplements for enteral nutrition alone, 8122 received supplements for special diets alone and 4541 had both types of supplement. 51\% of patients receiving supplements for special diets were {\textless}18 years. The commonest diagnoses among such children were milk intolerance (24\%) and malnutrition (17\%). 94\% of patients receiving supplements for enteral nutrition were adult, 52\% of whom had cancer or cardiovascular disease. Only 4\% of patients had weight and height recorded prior to first prescription.
CONCLUSIONS: The GPRD provides valuable information on the characteristics of patients prescribed nutritional supplements. But because only limited data are available on their nutritional status prior to supplementation, it is hard to assess whether general practitioners are prescribing these supplements appropriately.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
	author = {Gale, C. R. and Edington, J. and Coles, S. J. and Martyn, C. N.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11478831},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Dietary Supplements, Drug Prescriptions, Enteral Nutrition, Family Practice, Female, Food, Formulated, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Disorders, Nutritional Status, Physician's Practice Patterns},
	pages = {333--337}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Multivariate frailty model with a major gene: application to genealogical data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,*Models, Genetic,Adolescent,Adult,Alleles,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Genotype,Humans,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Mathematical Computing,Multivariate Analysis,Quebec,Risk,Software,Survival Analysis},
 pages = {412-416},
 volume = {77},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11187585},
 id = {23588418-0e3c-33dd-b0e4-fed475556b34},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:21.917Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.080Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0926-9630<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Multivariate survival models are shown to be appropriate for the analysis of the genetic and the environmental nature of a human life-span. Models which involve continuously distributed individual frailty, play an important role in the genetic analysis of an individual's susceptibility to disease and death. These models, however, are not appropriate for the detection of the effects of separate genes on survival. For this purpose we developed a 'major gene' frailty model of multivariate survival and applied it to simulated and real pedigree data. The analysis shows that this model can be used for the detection of the presence of major genes in the population and for the evaluation of the effects of such genes on survival.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Begun, A and Desjardins, B and Iachine, I and Yashin, A},
 journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}
}

@article{jick_risk_2000-1,
	title = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis},
	volume = {321},
	issn = {0959-8138},
	shorttitle = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism among women taking third generation oral contraceptives (with gestodene or desogestrel) with that among women taking oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
DESIGN: Cohort and case-control analyses derived from the General Practice Research Database.
SETTING: UK general practices, January 1993 to December 1999.
PARTICIPANTS: Women aged 15-39 taking third generation oral contraceptives or oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative incidence (cohort study) and odds ratios (case-control study) as measures of the relative risk of venous thromboembolism.
RESULTS: The adjusted estimates of relative risk for venous thromboembolism associated with third generation oral contraceptives compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel was 1.9 (95\% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.8) in the cohort analysis and 2.3 (1.3 to 3.9) in the case-control study. The estimates for the two types of oral contraceptives were similar before and after the warning issued by the Committee on Safety of Medicines in October 1995. A shift away from the use of third generation oral contraceptives after the scare was more pronounced among younger women (who have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism) than among older women. Fewer cases of venous thromboembolism occurred in 1996 and later than would have been expected if the use of oral contraceptives had remained unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previously reported studies, which found that compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel, third generation oral contraceptives are associated with around twice the risk of venous thromboembolism.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7270},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Jick, H. and Kaye, J. A. and Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C. and Jick, S. S.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11073511},
	pmcid = {PMC27524},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Contraceptives, Oral, Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic, Female, Humans, Levonorgestrel, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Smoking, Thromboembolism, Time Factors},
	pages = {1190--1195}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Combined treatment of fourth ventricle ependymomas: report of 26 cases},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: th,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Child,Combined Modality Therapy,Cranial Fossa,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Fourth Ventricle,Fourth Ventricle: radiation effects,Fourth Ventricle: surgery,Humans,Infant,Male,Middle Aged,Posterior,Posterior: radiation effects,Posterior: surgery,Preschool,Radiotherapy Dosage,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome},
 pages = {19-26; discussion 26},
 volume = {54},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11024503},
 month = {7},
 id = {7cd94e64-54ff-3d5c-8cac-190b02d239a4},
 created = {2013-08-05T21:04:27.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:55.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {This study investigated the relevance of prognostic factors and the impact of histological features in posterior fossa ependymoma.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Spagnoli, D and Tomei, G and Ceccarelli, G and Grimoldi, N and Lanterna, A and Bello, L and Sinisi, M M and De Santis, A and Villani, R M},
 journal = {Surgical Neurology},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{capdevila_effects_1999,
	title = {Effects of perioperative analgesic technique on the surgical outcome and duration of rehabilitation after major knee surgery},
	volume = {91},
	issn = {0003-3022},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10422923},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND

Continuous passive motion after major knee surgery optimizes the functional prognosis but causes severe pain. The authors tested the hypothesis that postoperative analgesic techniques influence surgical outcome and the duration of convalescence.


METHODS

Before standardized general anesthesia, 56 adult scheduled for major knee surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups, each to receive a different postoperative analgesic technique for 72 h: continuous epidural infusion, continuous femoral block, or intravenous patient-controlled morphine (dose, 1 mg; lockout interval, 7 min; maximum dose, 30 mg/4 h). The first two techniques were performed using a solution of 1\% lidocaine, 0.03 mg/ml morphine, and 2 microg/ml clonidine administered at 0.1 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1). Pain was assessed at rest and during continuous passive motion using a visual analog scale. The early postoperative maximal amplitude of knee flexion was measured during continuous passive motion at 24 h and 48 h and compared with the target levels prescribed by the surgeon. To evaluate functional outcome, the maximal amplitudes were measured again on postoperative day 5, at hospital discharge (day 7), and at 1- and 3-month follow-up examinations. When the patients left the surgical ward, they were admitted to a rehabilitation center, where their length of stay depended on prospectively determined discharge criteria


RESULTS

The continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups showed significantly lower visual analog scale scores at rest and during continuous passive motion compared with the patient-controlled morphine group. The early postoperative knee mobilization levels in both continuous epidural infusion and continuous femoral block groups were significantly closer to the target levels prescribed by the surgeon than in the patient-controlled morphine group. On postoperative day 7, these values were 90 degrees (60-100 degrees)(median and 25th-75th percentiles) in the continuous epidural infusion group, 90 degrees (60-100 degrees) in the continuous femoral block group, and 80 degrees (60-100 degrees) in the patient-controlled morphine group (P {\textless} 0.05). The durations of stay in the rehabilitation center were significantly shorter: 37 days (range, 30-45 days) in the continuous epidural infusion group, 40 days (range, 31-60 days) in the continuous femoral block group, and 50 days (range, 30-80 days) in the patient-controlled morphine group (P {\textless} 0.05). Side effects were encountered more frequently in the continuous epidural infusion group.


CONCLUSION

Regional analgesic techniques improve early rehabilitation after major knee surgery by effectively controlling pain during continuous passive motion, thereby hastening convalescence.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-02-08TZ},
	journal = {Anesthesiology},
	author = {Capdevila, X and Barthelet, Y and Biboulet, P and Ryckwaert, Y and Rubenovitch, J and d'Athis, F},
	month = jul,
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {10422923},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analgesia, Epidural, Analgesia, Patient-Controlled, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Block, Pain, Postoperative, Time Factors},
	pages = {8--15}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Phenotypic variability in five cystic fibrosis patients compound heterozygous for the Y1092X mutation.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Amino Acid Substitution,Amino Acid Substitution: genetics,Child,Child, Preschool,Cystic Fibrosis,Cystic Fibrosis: ethnology,Cystic Fibrosis: genetics,Female,Heterozygote Detection,Humans,Male,Mutation,Mutation: genetics,Pedigree,Phenotype,Quebec,Tyrosine,Tyrosine: genetics},
 pages = {158-62},
 volume = {48},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9618063},
 id = {9ed32f45-92a0-3822-89d1-3076c7d8e676},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:41:38.972Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:41:39.171Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Five cystic fibrosis (CF) patients distributed in three families and compound heterozygotes for the Y1092X mutation have been followed for a period ranging from 5 to 20 years. The genealogical reconstruction identified a common ancestor couple to all 3 families at the 5th generation. All 5 patients were pancreatic insufficient. A high variability in the clinical aspects and pulmonary function was seen between the families, but not within. Based on our observations, it will be very difficult to predict the course of disease for CF patients with the Y1092X mutation, even if they are closely related (first-degree cousins).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {De Braekeleer, M and Allard, C and Leblanc, J P and Simard, F and Aubin, G},
 journal = {Human heredity},
 number = {3}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {69929f7d-1ac7-34fb-be10-cbc59ebe5f4d},
 title = {Automated blood pressure measurement as a predictor of proteinuric pre-eclampsia.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1997},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Blood Pressure,Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory,Blood Pressure: physiology,Female,Forecasting,Humans,Pre-Eclampsia,Pre-Eclampsia: diagnosis,Pre-Eclampsia: physiopathology,Pregnancy,Pregnancy Trimester, Second,Prenatal Diagnosis},
 created = {2011-08-10T17:12:30.000Z},
 pages = {559-62},
 volume = {104},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9166197},
 month = {5},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {6d353feb-efe4-367e-84a2-0815eb9ca878},
 group_id = {33f3e9ff-c95c-3e78-a54c-546e54c036da},
 last_modified = {2013-07-09T23:57:26.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Halligan1997},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"6f6493c7-7096-44cf-bafc-2c04b32164bd"},
 abstract = {To investigate the relation between antenatal clinic, obstetric day unit and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements and 24-hour proteinuria levels in hypertensive pregnancies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Halligan, a W and Shennan, a and Lambert, P C and Bell, S C and Taylor, D J and de Swiet, M},
 journal = {British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Postoperative radiotherapy of spinal and intracranial ependymomas: analysis of prognostic factors},
 type = {article},
 year = {1997},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adjuvant,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Disease-Free Survival,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Infant,Infratentorial Neoplasms,Infratentorial Neoplasms: mortality,Infratentorial Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Infratentorial Neoplasms: surgery,Male,Middle Aged,Multivariate Analysis,Preschool,Prognosis,Radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: mortality,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery,Supratentorial Neoplasms,Supratentorial Neoplasms: mortality,Supratentorial Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Supratentorial Neoplasms: surgery,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome},
 pages = {3-10},
 volume = {45},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9364625},
 month = {10},
 id = {87860b46-5742-39ca-a2b8-956b96b23280},
 created = {2013-08-05T21:04:27.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:50.000Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Postoperative radiation therapy adds significantly to disease control and survival of patients with ependymoma. However, much controversy exists about the radiation treatment policy. We report the long-term results of a cohort of 56 patients with primary intracranial and spinal ependymomas. Special effort has been taken to define prognostic indicators as a basis for future treatment strategies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Stüben, G and Stuschke, M and Kroll, M and Havers, W and Sack, H},
 journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},
 number = {1}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Asthma on Tristan da Cunha: looking for the genetic link. The University of Toronto Genetics of Asthma Research Group},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Allergens/diagnostic use,Asthma/epidemiology/*genetics,Atlantic Ocean,Bronchoconstrictor Agents/diagnostic use,Child,Child, Preschool,Consanguinity,Female,Forced Expiratory Volume,Founder Effect,Humans,Linkage (Genetics),Male,Methacholine Chloride/diagnostic use,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sex Distribution,Skin Tests},
 pages = {1902-1906},
 volume = {153},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8665053},
 id = {ba377ad3-36ac-3937-b8d3-44f6b08c99e3},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.103Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.287Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1073-449x<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Although asthma has a significant heritable component, the mode of inheritance remains controversial because of the complexity of the disease and the influence of environmental factors. Isolated, inbred populations serve to reduce variability, thus increasing the probability of gene localization. We studied the inbred population of the remote island of Tristan da Cunha to document asthma prevalence for the purpose of genetic linkage analysis. Medical histories and skin atopy were determined on 282 islanders, representing 97% of the population, and airway responsiveness was measured in 254; 226 by methacholine challenge (tidal breathing method) and 28 by bronchodilator response (400 micrograms salbutamol aerosol). Blood samples were collected from 275 islanders. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 94 yr. Asthma was defined as increased airway responsiveness (AR+: PC20 < 4 mg/ml or > or = 15% increase in FEV1 postbronchodilator) combined with a positive history (Hx+). Fifty-seven percent of the islanders had at least partial evidence of asthma (Hx+ and/or AR+) and 23% had a definitive diagnosis of asthma (AR+ with Hx+). Overall 47% of the population were atopic, atopy was proportionally higher in asthmatics (74%) than nonasthmatics (32%; p < 0.01). Analysis of the methacholine dose-response curves demonstrated that asthmatics were significantly (p < 0.01) more responsive than those with AR+ only, and nonasthmatics (AR-, Hx-) were more responsive than laboratory control subjects (p < 0.05), suggesting that these islanders may also carry an airway hyperresponsiveness gene. A frequency plot of the percent fall in FEV1 for all Hx- subjects compared with control data suggests a bimodal distribution consistent with a major gene mechanism for airway responsiveness. Genealogy mapping revealed that the islanders are direct descendants of the 15 original settlers, and historical records suggest at least two founders may have been asthmatic. The data confirm previous reports of a high asthma prevalence on Tristan and support the postulate that this prevalence is a result of gene enrichment occurring in isolated populations by virtue of extensive inbreeding and a probable founder effect.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zamel, N and McClean, P A and Sandell, P R and Siminovitch, K A and Slutsky, A S},
 journal = {Am J Respir Crit Care Med},
 number = {6 Pt 1}
}

@article{garcia_rodriguez_risk_1996,
	title = {Risk of acute liver injury associated with the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid},
	volume = {156},
	issn = {0003-9926},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination-associated hepatitis and jaundice was first identified in 1988. Numerous case reports and case series have been published since then, but there is no precise estimate of this risk.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom to estimate the risk of acute liver injury associated with the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and compare it with the one of amoxicillin alone. Data were derived from a cohort of 93,433 users of the combination drug amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 360,333 users of amoxicillin alone who were aged between 10 and 79 years and who were followed up from 1991 through 1992. After reviewing the information on subjects with suspected liver injury that was recorded on computer files, the clinical records of 177 patients from the attending general practitioners were requested.
RESULTS: They were 35 cases of idiopathic acute liver injury. None was fatal. There were 14 cases of acute liver injury among users of amoxicillin alone. The type of liver injury was hepatocellular in half the cases. There were 21 cases of acute liver injury among users of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid together. The type of liver injury was cholestatic in three quarters of the cases. The incidence rates and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) of developing acute liver injury associated with the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and amoxicillin alone were 1.7 (1.1-2.7) and 0.3 (.02-0.5) per 10 000 prescriptions, respectively. The rate ratios and 95\% CIs of acute liver injury for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid together compared with amoxicillin alone were 6.3 (3.2-12.7) for all patients and 8.4 (3.6-20.8) for patients presenting with jaundice. Among users of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid together, the risk of developing acute liver injury was more than 3 times greater after a course of 2 or more consecutive prescriptions than after a single course of therapy. The risk also increased with age among users of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid together. The combination of advancing age and repeated prescriptions resulted in a risk of developing acute liver injury greater than 1 per 1000 users of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid together.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine},
	author = {García Rodríguez, L. A. and Stricker, B. H. and Zimmerman, H. J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1996},
	pmid = {8651842},
	keywords = {Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amoxicillin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Clavulanic Acid, Clavulanic Acids, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Drug Therapy, Combination, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Penicillins, Retrospective Studies, Risk, incidence},
	pages = {1327--1332}
}

@article{jick_risk_1995,
	title = {The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	abstract = {Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Jick, H. and Myers, M. W. and Dean, A. D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {7624265},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agranulocytosis, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Infant, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Male, Mesalamine, Middle Aged, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Risk Factors, Sulfasalazine},
	pages = {176--181}
}

@article{derby_erythromycin-associated_1993,
	title = {Erythromycin-associated cholestatic hepatitis},
	volume = {158},
	issn = {0025-729X},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of cholestatic hepatitis of uncertain origin in patients who had recently received erythromycin, a drug which is known to cause this disorder.
DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using data automatically recorded on general practitioners' office computers.
SETTING: Some 600 general practices in the United Kingdom.
SUBJECTS: 366,064 people who received erythromycin.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinically documented cholestatic hepatitis of uncertain origin diagnosed 1-45 days after a prescription for erythromycin.
RESULTS: There were 13 cases of cholestatic hepatitis of uncertain origin diagnosed within 45 days of receiving erythromycin which were either characteristic of or consistent with a syndrome previously described as being associated with this drug.
CONCLUSION: The risk of cholestatic jaundice associated with erythromycin is estimated to be in the range of 3.6 per 100,000 users (95\% confidence interval, 1.9-6.1).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {The Medical Journal of Australia},
	author = {Derby, L. E. and Jick, H. and Henry, D. A. and Dean, A. D.},
	month = may,
	year = {1993},
	pmid = {8479375},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cholestasis, Cohort Studies, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Erythromycin, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies},
	pages = {600--602}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas--a study of 45 cases with long-term follow-up.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1992},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Child, Preschool,Combined Modality Therapy,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: diagnosis,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: radiotherapy,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: surgery,Neurologic Examination,Reoperation,Retrospective Studies,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: diagnosis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery},
 pages = {74-9},
 volume = {119},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1481757},
 month = {1},
 id = {08111960-a49a-3d5e-890c-10bb4dbadd57},
 created = {2013-09-04T15:14:24.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:55.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Of the 62 patients with intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma treated surgically at our Neurosurgery Division between January 1951 and December 1990 45 had a follow-up of at least 3 years and the longest 30 years. The 28 conus-cauda equina-filum ependymomas operated during the same period are not considered in this study. An analysis of our cases and of the larger published series shows that favourable prognostic factors, apart of course from total tumour removal, which is now usually possible, are a site below the high cervical segments and a mild pre-operative symptom pattern. Patient age at diagnosis, tumour size and "low dose" (< 40 Gy) radiotherapy seem to have no influence on the prognosis. Aggressive surgical removal is the treatment of choice and also for long-term recurrence.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ferrante, L and Mastronardi, L and Celli, P and Lunardi, P and Acqui, M and Fortuna, a},
 journal = {Acta Neurochirurgica},
 number = {1-4}
}

@article{sagie_improved_1992,
	title = {An improved method for adjusting the {QT} interval for heart rate (the {Framingham} {Heart} {Study})},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {0002-9149},
	abstract = {Several formulas have been proposed to adjust the QT interval for heart rate, the most commonly used being the QT correction formula (QTc = QT/square root of RR) proposed in 1920 by Bazett. The QTc formula was derived from observations in only 39 young subjects. Recently, the adequacy of Bazett's formula has been questioned. To evaluate the heart rate QT association, the QT interval was measured on the initial baseline electrocardiogram of 5,018 subjects (2,239 men and 2,779 women) from the Framingham Heart Study with a mean age of 44 years (range 28 to 62). Persons with coronary artery disease were excluded. A linear regression model was developed for correcting QT according to RR cycle length. The large sample allowed for subdivision of the population into sex-specific deciles of RR intervals and for comparison of QT, Bazett's QTc and linear corrected QT (QTLC). The mean RR interval was 0.81 second (range 0.5 to 1.47) heart rate 74 beats/min (range 41 to 120), and mean QT was 0.35 second (range 0.24 to 0.49) in men and 0.36 second (range 0.26 to 0.48) in women. The linear regression model yielded a correction formula (for a reference RR interval of 1 second): QTLC = QT + 0.154 (1-RR) that applies for men and women. This equation corrects QT more reliably than the Bazett's formula, which overcorrects the QT interval at fast heart rates and undercorrects it at low heart rates. Lower and upper limits of normal QT values in relation to RR were generated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {The American journal of cardiology},
	author = {Sagie, A and Larson, M G and Goldberg, R J and Bengtson, J R and Levy, D},
	month = sep,
	year = {1992},
	pmid = {1519533},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors},
	pages = {797--801}
}

@article{lawrence_total_1990,
	title = {A total audit of preventive procedures in 45 practices caring for 430,000 patients},
	volume = {300},
	issn = {0959-8138},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To develop and report the results of a system of audit of computer records in general practice.
DESIGN: A retrospective audit of records in practices using the same computer system. Information about recorded preventive procedures was collected by sending the same audit program to each practice on floppy disk. Other characteristics of the practices were determined by postal questionnaire.
SETTING: Forty five general practices, widely distributed in England and Wales.
SUBJECTS: All 430,901 patients registered with the practices.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Within each practice the percentage of patients in specified age groups for whom certain preventive procedures were recorded as having been carried out. These measures were analysed in relation to practice characteristics.
RESULTS: Practice characteristics and recording rates for preventive procedures varied over a wide range. Recording rates were higher in practices with computer terminals on every doctor's desk. Only one practice achieved the new contract target of 90\% coverage for recorded primary immunisations, and fewer than two thirds recorded 80\% coverage for cervical cytology in the past five years. Practices holding clinics did no better than those without. Smaller partnerships and smaller doctors' list sizes were associated with better performance.
CONCLUSIONS: Centrally programmed audit of computerised records is a feasible method of providing data on a regular basis for epidemiological purposes and for performance review. The fact that practices with smaller list sizes had higher levels of recorded preventive care suggests that the trend towards larger lists promoted by the new contract might militate against the intended effect of better preventive care.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6738},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Lawrence, M. and Coulter, A. and Jones, L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1990},
	pmid = {2372603},
	pmcid = {PMC1663201},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Blood Pressure Determination, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Immunization, Medical Audit, Microcomputers, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Primary Prevention, Retrospective Studies, Smoking, Vaginal Smears, Wales},
	pages = {1501--1503}
}

@article{moore_hyperkalaemia_1989,
	title = {Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {0028-8446},
	abstract = {A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83\%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60\%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41\%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69\%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {878},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Moore, M. L. and Bailey, R. R.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1989},
	pmid = {2812582},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies, Sampling Studies, Time Factors},
	pages = {557--558}
}

@article{ryan_perceived_1989,
	title = {Perceived locus of causality and internalization: examining reasons for acting in two domains},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {0022-3514},
	shorttitle = {Perceived locus of causality and internalization},
	abstract = {Theories of internalization typically suggest that self-perceptions of the "causes" of (i.e. reasons for) behavior are differentiated along a continuum of autonomy that contains identifiable gradations. A model of perceived locus of causality (PLOC) is developed, using children's self-reported reasons for acting. In Project 1, external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic types of reasons for achievement-related behaviors are shown to conform to a simplex-like (ordered correlation) structure in four samples. These reason categories are then related to existing measures of PLOC and to motivation. A second project examines 3 reason categories (external, introject, and identification) within the domain of prosocial behavior. Relations with measures of empathy, moral judgement and positive interpersonal relatedness are presented. Finally, the proposed model and conceptualization of PLOC are discussed with regard to intrapersonal versus interpersonal perception, internalization, cause-reason distinctions, and the significance of perceived autonomy in human behavior.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
	author = {Ryan, R. M. and Connell, J. P.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1989},
	pmid = {2810024},
	keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Child, Empathy, Humans, Internal-External Control, Interpersonal Relations, Models, Psychological, Morals, Motivation, Psychology, Child},
	pages = {749--761}
}

@article{neuman_longitudinal_2011,
	title = {Longitudinal assessment of femoral knee cartilage quality using contrast enhanced {MRI} ({dGEMRIC}) in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury--comparison with asymptomatic volunteers},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1522-9653},
	doi = {10.1016/j.joca.2011.05.002},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: In this observational longitudinal study we estimate knee joint cartilage glycosaminoglycan ({GAG}) content, in patients with an acute anterior cruciate ligament ({ACL}) injury, with or without a concomitant meniscus injury.
{METHODS}: 29 knees (19 men/10 women) were prospectively examined by repeat delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage ({dGEMRIC}), approximately 3 weeks and 2.3±1.3 (range 4.5) years after the injury. We estimated the {GAG} content (T1Gd) in the central weight-bearing parts of the medial and lateral femoral cartilage and compared results with a reference cohort (n=24) with normal knees and no history of injury examined by {dGEMRIC} at one occasion previously.
{RESULTS}: The healthy reference group had longer T1Gd values compared with the {ACL}-injured patients at follow-up both medially: 428±38 vs 363±61ms (P{\textless}0.0001) and laterally: 445±41 vs 396±48ms (P=0.0002). At follow-up T1Gd was lower in meniscectomized patients compared to those without a meniscectomy, both medially (-84ms, P=0.002) and laterally (-38ms, P=0.05). In the injured group, the medial femoral cartilage showed similar T1Gd at the two {dGEMRIC} investigations: 357±50 vs 363±61ms (P=0.57), whereas the lateral femoral cartilage T1Gd increased: 374±48 vs 396±48ms (P=0.04).
{CONCLUSIONS}: The general decrease in cartilage T1Gd in {ACL}-injured patients compared with references provide evidence for structural matrix {GAG} changes that seem more pronounced if a concomitant meniscal injury is present. The fact that post-traumatic {OA} commonly develops in {ACL}-injured patients, in particularly those with meniscectomy, suggests that shorter T1Gd may be an early biomarker for {OA}.},
	pages = {977--983},
	number = {8},
	journaltitle = {Osteoarthritis and cartilage / {OARS}, Osteoarthritis Research Society},
	shortjournal = {Osteoarthr. Cartil.},
	author = {Neuman, P. and Tjörnstrand, J. and Svensson, J. and Ragnarsson, C. and Roos, H. and Englund, M. and Tiderius, C. J. and Dahlberg, L. E.},
	date = {2011-08},
	pmid = {21621622},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Cartilage, Articular, Case-Control Studies, Contrast Media, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gadolinium {DTPA}, Glycosaminoglycans, Humans, Joint Diseases, Knee Joint, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic resonance imaging, Male, Young Adult}
}

@article{lohmander_long-term_2007,
	title = {The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1552-3365 0363-5465},
	doi = {10.1177/0363546507307396},
	abstract = {The objectives of this study are to review the long-term consequences of injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci, the pathogenic mechanisms, and the causes of the considerable variability in outcome. Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci are common in both athletes and the general population. At 10 to 20 years after the diagnosis, on average, 50\% of those with  a diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament or meniscus tear have osteoarthritis with  associated pain and functional impairment: the young patient with an old knee. These individuals make up a substantial proportion of the overall osteoarthritis  population. There is a lack of evidence to support a protective role of repair or reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament or meniscus against osteoarthritis development. A consistent finding in a review of the literature is the often poor reporting of critical study variables, precluding data pooling or  a meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis development in the injured joints is caused by intra-articular pathogenic processes initiated at the time of injury, combined with long-term changes in dynamic joint loading. Variation in outcome is reinforced by additional variables associated with the individual such as age, sex, genetics, obesity, muscle strength, activity, and reinjury. A better understanding of these variables may improve future prevention and treatment strategies. In evaluating medical treatment, we now expect large randomized clinical trials complemented by postmarketing monitoring. We should strive toward a comparable level of quality of evidence in surgical treatment of knee injuries. In instances in which a randomized clinical trial is not feasible, natural history and other observational cohort studies need to be as carefully designed and reported as the classic randomized clinical trial, to yield useful information.},
	pages = {1756--1769},
	number = {10},
	journaltitle = {The American journal of sports medicine},
	shortjournal = {Am J Sports Med},
	author = {Lohmander, L. Stefan and Englund, P. Martin and Dahl, Ludvig L. and Roos, Ewa M.},
	date = {2007-10},
	pmid = {17761605},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Anterior Cruciate Ligament/*injuries, Athletic Injuries/epidemiology/surgery, Causality, Child, Comorbidity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Global Health, Humans, Incidence, Knee Injuries/*epidemiology/surgery, Male, Menisci, Tibial/*injuries, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee/*epidemiology/surgery, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Quality of life, Risk Factors, Rupture/epidemiology/surgery, Sex Distribution}
}

@article{peat_population-wide_2014,
	title = {Population-wide incidence estimates for soft tissue knee injuries presenting to healthcare in southern Sweden: data from the Skane Healthcare Register.},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1478-6362 1478-6354},
	doi = {10.1186/ar4678},
	abstract = {{INTRODUCTION}: Soft tissue knee injury is a well-established and potent risk factor for development of knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological data from the general population. Our aim was to estimate the annual person-level incidence for a wide spectrum of clinically diagnosed soft tissue knee injuries, and their distribution by age, sex, and season. {METHODS}: In Sweden, in- and outpatient health care is registered using each individuals' unique personal identifier including International Classification of Diseases ({ICD}) 10 diagnostic code(s) as determined by physicians' clinical examination. For the calendar years 2004-2012, we studied the population in southern Sweden, Skane region (approx. 1.3 million). We identified residents who had at least one  visit to a physician with clinically diagnosed knee ligament, meniscal, or other  soft-tissue injury (S80.0, S83 and all subdiagnoses). We then calculated the mean annual incidence over the 9-year period. As a secondary objective, we investigated potential seasonal variation. {RESULTS}: The annual incidence for males and females was 766 (95\% {CI}: 742, 789) and 676 (649, 702) per 100,000 persons/year respectively. For males and females, the peak rate occurred in 15 to 19 year-olds (1698 per 100,000 men and 1464 per 100,000 women, respectively). In  women, rates were lowest in the 25 to 34 year-old age range before rising again between the ages of 35 and 49 years. We found substantial seasonal variation, greatest in men, with peaks in March-May and August-October. {CONCLUSIONS}: The incidence of clinically diagnosed soft-tissue knee injury peaks in adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, a range of knee injuries continue to occur across the adult lifespan including at ages when osteoarthritis is typically diagnosed and managed. The potential cumulative effect on osteoarthritis progression of these injuries may warrant further investigation.},
	pages = {R162},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {Arthritis research \& therapy},
	shortjournal = {Arthritis Res Ther},
	author = {Peat, George and Bergknut, Charlotte and Frobell, Richard and Joud, Anna and Englund, Martin},
	date = {2014},
	pmid = {25082600},
	pmcid = {PMC4262192},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Incidence, Knee Injuries/*epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, Seasons, Sex Distribution, Soft Tissue Injuries/*epidemiology, Sweden/epidemiology, Young Adult}
}