@article{
 title = {Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {2100-2132},
 volume = {403},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {9ce5b608-1a0c-3f06-a473-562485c69bc3},
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 file_attached = {false},
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 author = {Naghavi, Mohsen and Ong, Kanyin Liane and Aali, Amirali and Ababneh, Hazim S and Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis and Abbafati, Cristiana and Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh and Abbasian, Mohammadreza and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Abbastabar, Hedayat},
 journal = {The Lancet},
 number = {10440}
}

@article{
 title = {A New Two-Parameters Lindley-Frailty Model: Censored and Uncensored Schemes under Different Baseline Models: Applications, Assessments, Censored and Uncensored Validation Testing},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {109-138},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {2e04fb49-7f9f-3f3d-9687-502d09082380},
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 author = {Teghri, Samia and Goual, Hafida and Loubna, Hamami and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Khedr, Abdelrahman M and Yousof, Haitham M and Ibrahim, Mohamed and Salem, Moustafa},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research}
}

@article{
 title = {Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {344-381},
 volume = {23},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {29f4e4e6-5dee-3bbc-a215-07b2bb8c30f9},
 created = {2024-07-31T11:43:12.191Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-07-31T11:43:12.191Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Steinmetz, Jaimie D and Seeher, Katrin Maria and Schiess, Nicoline and Nichols, Emma and Cao, Bochen and Servili, Chiara and Cavallera, Vanessa and Cousin, Ewerton and Hagins, Hailey and Moberg, Madeline E},
 journal = {The Lancet Neurology},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {The prevalence of existential anxiety and its association with depression, general anxiety, and stress in Saudi university students},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {47},
 volume = {31},
 publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg},
 id = {a1e427ff-67e6-3fe8-8483-c793a9da75a8},
 created = {2024-07-31T11:43:12.293Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-07-31T11:43:12.293Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
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 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alshehri, Haneen and Alturkestani, Razan and Hijan, Bushra and Almalki, Shahad and Alobaidi, Rajwa and Almufti, Salma and Baduwailan, Abrar O and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alghamdi, Waleed A and Al Zaben, Faten},
 journal = {Middle East Current Psychiatry},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Censored and Uncensored Nikulin-Rao-Robson Distributional Validation: Characterizations, Classical and Bayesian estimation with Censored and Uncensored Applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {11-35},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {79820bfd-0d18-317a-8ca4-a2088102def0},
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 file_attached = {false},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
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 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shehata, Wahid A M and Goual, Hafida and Hamida, Talhi and Hiba, Aiachi and Hamedani, G G and Al-Nefaie, Abdullah H and Ibrahim, Mohamed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Osman, Rania M A and Yousof, Haitham M},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research}
}

@article{
 title = {Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {2057-2099},
 volume = {403},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {c8269c1d-c6cf-3091-9c28-b982c550f30b},
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 file_attached = {false},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bhattacharjee, Natalia V and Schumacher, Austin E and Aali, Amirali and Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis and Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh and Abbasian, Mohammadreza and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Abbastabar, Hedayat and Abd ElHafeez, Samar and Abd-Elsalam, Sherief},
 journal = {The Lancet},
 number = {10440}
}

@article{
 title = {Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {2162-2203},
 volume = {403},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {6d094993-aee5-3cab-a465-f8d3d51d94fc},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Brauer, Michael and Roth, Gregory A and Aravkin, Aleksandr Y and Zheng, Peng and Abate, Kalkidan Hassen and Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis and Abbafati, Cristiana and Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh and Abbasi, Madineh Akram and Abbasian, Mohammadreza},
 journal = {The Lancet},
 number = {10440}
}

@article{
 title = {Modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin Goodness-of-fit Test Statistic for the Compound Topp Leone Burr XII Model with Various Censored Applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {851-868},
 volume = {12},
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 created = {2024-07-31T11:43:12.402Z},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khalil, Mohamed G and Aidi, Khaoula and Ali, M Masoom and Butt, Nadeem S and Ibrahim, Mohamed and Yousof, Haitham M},
 journal = {Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {A discrete claims-model for the inflated and over-dispersed automobile claims frequencies data: Applications and actuarial risk analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 pages = {261-284},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {3469ae22-e37e-3e04-b283-585b10dcc722},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
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 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yousof, Haitham M and Saber, Mohammad Mehdi and Al-Nefaie, Abdullah H and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ibrahim, Mohamed and Alkhayyat, Salwa L},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research}
}

@article{
 title = {Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
 type = {article},
 year = {2024},
 publisher = {Elsevier Ltd.},
 id = {814e2e7d-d40b-3ffd-866b-0fd1ad48894c},
 created = {2024-07-31T11:43:12.434Z},
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 starred = {false},
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 author = {Schumacher, Austin E and Aali, Amirali and Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis and Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh and Abbasian, Mohammadreza and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Abbastabar, Hedayat and Abd ElHafeez, Samar and Abd-Elsalam, Sherief and Abdollahi, Mohammad},
 journal = {The lancet}
}

@article{
 title = {Prevalence and Demographics of Smoking Traditional and Electronic Cigarettes among Students at King Abdul Aziz University},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 volume = {10},
 id = {9067c355-4c96-396b-a13d-c16cdd48bcc3},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.807Z},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
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 author = {Alamri, Turki and Anwer, Fahad and Alandijani, Asim and Almuzaini, Turki and Alharbi, Ahmed and Almasaudi, Abdulrahman and Mobarki, Abdulaziz and Alamri, Mohammed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 journal = {Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine},
 number = {1}
}

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {65-79},
 publisher = {CRC Press},
 id = {90a46db7-4389-3590-b028-334e75fac5eb},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.923Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
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 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {CHAP},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This paper studies a new three-parameter family of probability distributions. Several relevant mathematical properties are derived. The new family is established by compounding the Weibull -G family and the complementary geometric-G family. The density of the new family is expressed as a mixture of exponentiated-G densities. We present certain characterizations of the new family. We derive some new bivariate type extensions using certain common copulas.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Saber, Mohammad Mehdi and Hamedani, G. G. and Yousof, Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ahmed, Basma and Ibrahim, Mohamed},
 doi = {10.1201/9781003232193-4},
 chapter = {A Family of Continuous Probability Distributions: Theory, Characterizations, Properties and Different Copulas},
 title = {G Families of Probability Distributions: Theory and Practices}
}

This paper studies a new three-parameter family of probability distributions. Several relevant mathematical properties are derived. The new family is established by compounding the Weibull -G family and the complementary geometric-G family. The density of the new family is expressed as a mixture of exponentiated-G densities. We present certain characterizations of the new family. We derive some new bivariate type extensions using certain common copulas.

@article{
 title = {Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990–2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {e508-e522},
 volume = {5},
 websites = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanrhe/article/PIIS2665-9913(23)00163-7/fulltext},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {0c292e4b-c113-3669-971c-42b948aef038},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.951Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.213Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Steinmetz, Jaimie D and Culbreth, Garland T and Haile, Lydia M and Rafferty, Quinn and Lo, Justin and Fukutaki, Kai Glenn and Cruz, Jessica A and Smith, Amanda E and Vollset, Stein Emil and Brooks, Peter M},
 doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00163-7},
 journal = {The Lancet Rheumatology},
 number = {9}
}

@article{
 title = {The effect of chemotherapies on the crosstalk interaction between CD8 cytotoxic T-cells and MHC-I peptides in the microenvironment of WHO grade 4 astrocytoma},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {CD8,MHC-I,WHO grade 4 astrocytoma,chemotherapies,recurrence},
 pages = {317-325},
 volume = {61},
 publisher = {Termedia},
 id = {8f556d62-8bf4-334f-8758-71ae29477c24},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.952Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:36:23.906Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: CD8+ T-cells and MHC-I have been detected in brain gliomas with a significant outcome. The effect of chemotherapies on the crosstalk interaction between CD8+ T-cells and MHC-I has never been explored. Material and methods: The protein expression profiling of CD8 cytotoxic T-cells and the gene expression assay of MHC-I in 35 patients diagnosed with WHO grade 4 astrocytoma were performed. The impact of these two factors on tumor recurrence was analyzed. Results: IDH was wildtype in 13 tumors. MHC-I protein expression was absent or low in 34 tumors and dense in a single case. MHC-I gene expression was upregulated in 10 tumors and 25 tumors showed MHC-I gene downregulation. Temozolomide (TMZ) was given to 24 patients and 11 patients received TMZ plus other chemotherapies. No statistically significant association was observed between IDH mutation and CD8+ T-cells (p = 0.383). However, this association was significant in recurrence-free interval (RFI) (p = 0.012). IDH-wildtype tumors with highly infiltrated CD8+ T-cells or IDH-mutant tumors with low CD8+ T-cells showed late tumor recurrence. There was a statistically significant difference in RFI between tumors with different MHC-I expression and CD8+ T-cell counts after treatment with TMZ or TMZ plus (p = 0.026). Conclusions: No association between IDH mutation and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell was found. IDH is directly linked to tumor recurrence regardless of CD8+ T-cells infiltration. TMZ plus other adjuvants is proved to be more effective in improving patient survival and delaying tumor recurrence, as compared to using TMZ alone. Nonetheless, none-TMZ adjuvants may increase tumor sensitization to cytotoxic T-cells more than TMZ.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem and Enani, Maryam and Alshanqiti, Maryam and Alkhotani, Alaa and Alsinani, Taghreed and Karami, Mohammed Matoog and Fadul, Motaz M. and Almansouri, Majid and Hassan, Amber and Baeesa, Saleh and Bamaga, Ahmed K. and Alkhayyat, Shadi and Faizo, Eyad and Kurdi, Maher},
 doi = {10.5114/fn.2023.131014},
 journal = {Folia Neuropathologica},
 number = {3}
}

Introduction: CD8+ T-cells and MHC-I have been detected in brain gliomas with a significant outcome. The effect of chemotherapies on the crosstalk interaction between CD8+ T-cells and MHC-I has never been explored. Material and methods: The protein expression profiling of CD8 cytotoxic T-cells and the gene expression assay of MHC-I in 35 patients diagnosed with WHO grade 4 astrocytoma were performed. The impact of these two factors on tumor recurrence was analyzed. Results: IDH was wildtype in 13 tumors. MHC-I protein expression was absent or low in 34 tumors and dense in a single case. MHC-I gene expression was upregulated in 10 tumors and 25 tumors showed MHC-I gene downregulation. Temozolomide (TMZ) was given to 24 patients and 11 patients received TMZ plus other chemotherapies. No statistically significant association was observed between IDH mutation and CD8+ T-cells (p = 0.383). However, this association was significant in recurrence-free interval (RFI) (p = 0.012). IDH-wildtype tumors with highly infiltrated CD8+ T-cells or IDH-mutant tumors with low CD8+ T-cells showed late tumor recurrence. There was a statistically significant difference in RFI between tumors with different MHC-I expression and CD8+ T-cell counts after treatment with TMZ or TMZ plus (p = 0.026). Conclusions: No association between IDH mutation and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell was found. IDH is directly linked to tumor recurrence regardless of CD8+ T-cells infiltration. TMZ plus other adjuvants is proved to be more effective in improving patient survival and delaying tumor recurrence, as compared to using TMZ alone. Nonetheless, none-TMZ adjuvants may increase tumor sensitization to cytotoxic T-cells more than TMZ.

@article{
 title = {A new probability distribution: properties, copulas and applications in medicine and engineering},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Chen Distribution,Clayton Copula,Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Copula,Hazard Rate,Maximum Likelihood,Simulations},
 pages = {257-278},
 volume = {19},
 websites = {https://pjsor.com/pjsor/article/view/3633},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {64de42c2-84bb-3cc6-99ac-f4eab75783ef},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.963Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.194Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this work, we construct a three-parameter Chen modification that is flexible. The "J shape", "monotonically increasing", "U shape," and "upside down (reversed bathtub)" hazard rate forms are all supported by the new Chen extension's hazard rate. We derive pertinent statistical features. A few distributions of the bivariate kind are generated. For evaluating the model parameters, we took the maximum likelihood estimation approach into consideration. Maximal likelihood estimators are evaluated via graphical simulations. To demonstrate the applicability of the new approach, two genuine data sets are taken into consideration and examined. The Akaike Information criterion, Bayesian Information criterion, Cramer-von Mises criterion, Anderson-Darling criterion, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and its related p-value are used to evaluate the new model with a variety of popular competing models.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Refaie, Mohamed K.A. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ali, Emadeldin I.A.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v19i2.3633},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

In this work, we construct a three-parameter Chen modification that is flexible. The "J shape", "monotonically increasing", "U shape," and "upside down (reversed bathtub)" hazard rate forms are all supported by the new Chen extension's hazard rate. We derive pertinent statistical features. A few distributions of the bivariate kind are generated. For evaluating the model parameters, we took the maximum likelihood estimation approach into consideration. Maximal likelihood estimators are evaluated via graphical simulations. To demonstrate the applicability of the new approach, two genuine data sets are taken into consideration and examined. The Akaike Information criterion, Bayesian Information criterion, Cramer-von Mises criterion, Anderson-Darling criterion, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and its related p-value are used to evaluate the new model with a variety of popular competing models.

@article{
 title = {Mind-Body dualism and medical student attitudes toward mental illness in Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {medical student training,mind-brain dualism,patient responsibility,psychiatric disorder,religiosity},
 pages = {214-230},
 volume = {58},
 websites = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00912174221099341},
 publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
 id = {13f03ab9-56a5-3901-bfcf-8d203aa971dd},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.084Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.179Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Philosophical beliefs regarding the origin of mental illness may underlie resistance to psychiatric treatment and affect attitudes toward the mentally ill. Aim: The present study sought to: (1) identify characteristics of medical students who hold mind-brain dualism (MBD) beliefs and (2) determine relationships between MBD beliefs and perceptions of mental illnesses. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that asked medical students questions about mind-brain beliefs and religiosity. Three fictitious vignettes (schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder [APD], and depression) were presented and then students asked about how much participants felt the patients in these scenarios bore responsibility for their illness. A MBD score was calculated to measure MBD beliefs, and a total responsibility score (RS) was used to measure patient blameworthiness. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether MBD beliefs explained the relationship between religiosity and perceived patient responsibility for their illness, and whether this was moderated by gender. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 106 Saudi medical students. The average RS was highest for the APD scenario and lowest for schizophrenia, whereas depression fell intermediate between those two (ANOVA F (1.82, 219.83) = 27.21, P <.001). Religiosity was positively correlated with RS, a relationship that was mediated by MBD in all three vignettes. Conclusion: Mind-brain dualism beliefs among medical students in Saudi Arabia were associated with greater perceptions of self-infliction, preventability, controllability, and blameworthiness for patients with mental illness, moderated by gender. Greater emphasis on the neurobiological aspects of psychiatric disorders might help to change this attitude.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tayeb, Haythum O. and Alsawwaf, Yousef and Kokandi, Samia and Baduwailan, Abrar and Alzaben, Faten and Butt, Nadim Shafique and Hassan, Ahmed N. and Koenig, Harold G.},
 doi = {10.1177/00912174221099341},
 journal = {International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine},
 number = {3}
}

Background: Philosophical beliefs regarding the origin of mental illness may underlie resistance to psychiatric treatment and affect attitudes toward the mentally ill. Aim: The present study sought to: (1) identify characteristics of medical students who hold mind-brain dualism (MBD) beliefs and (2) determine relationships between MBD beliefs and perceptions of mental illnesses. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that asked medical students questions about mind-brain beliefs and religiosity. Three fictitious vignettes (schizophrenia, antisocial personality disorder [APD], and depression) were presented and then students asked about how much participants felt the patients in these scenarios bore responsibility for their illness. A MBD score was calculated to measure MBD beliefs, and a total responsibility score (RS) was used to measure patient blameworthiness. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether MBD beliefs explained the relationship between religiosity and perceived patient responsibility for their illness, and whether this was moderated by gender. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 106 Saudi medical students. The average RS was highest for the APD scenario and lowest for schizophrenia, whereas depression fell intermediate between those two (ANOVA F (1.82, 219.83) = 27.21, P <.001). Religiosity was positively correlated with RS, a relationship that was mediated by MBD in all three vignettes. Conclusion: Mind-brain dualism beliefs among medical students in Saudi Arabia were associated with greater perceptions of self-infliction, preventability, controllability, and blameworthiness for patients with mental illness, moderated by gender. Greater emphasis on the neurobiological aspects of psychiatric disorders might help to change this attitude.

@article{
 title = {Alzheimer's Behavioral and Psychiatric Burden in Saudi Arabia: Validation of the Saudi Version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Alzheimer disease,Saudi Arabia,agitation,neuropsychiatric inventory,validation},
 pages = {222-228},
 volume = {37},
 websites = {https://journals.lww.com/alzheimerjournal/abstract/2023/07000/alzheimer_s_behavioral_and_psychiatric_burden_in.8.aspx},
 publisher = {LWW},
 id = {3011b3f0-6731-3e41-a99f-dcede895a7d3},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.116Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.011Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: The burden of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in dementia (BPSD) has not been characterized in Saudi patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, the Saudi version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (SNPI) has not been validated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate the SNPI and describe frequency and determinants of BPSD in Saudi AD patients. Methods: The SNPI and BEHAVE-AD instruments were administered to community-dwelling Saudi AD patients and their caregivers. Results: The sample size was 192. The first 59 constituted the validation cohort. Cronbach alpha of the SNPI and BEHAVE-AD were 0.91 and 0.79, respectively. There were significant correlations between: (1) the total SNPI and BEHAVE-AD scores (r=0.84, P<0.001); (2) analogous SNPI and BEHAVE-AD symptom subscores (P<0.05); (3) SNPI and BEHAVE-AD caregiver distress (F=22.6, P<0.001). Inter-rater reliability of the SNPI was excellent (kappa=0.74). Ninety percent of patients experienced 4 SNPI symptoms or more. Patients with stroke and prior psychiatric history were most likely to experience BPSDs. The most common symptom was apathy (82%). Caregiver distress was determined by the total NPI score and impulsiveness subscale score. Conclusions: The SNPI is valid and reliable for assessing BPSD in Saudi AD patients. Longitudinal studies of BPSDs in Saudi specialized dementia clinics are needed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tayeb, Haythum O. and Butt, Nadeem S. and Khallaf, Roaa and Yahghmour, Bassam and Basheikh, Mohammed A. and Alamri, Sultan H. and Baduwailan, Abrar O. and Alzaben, Faten and Abdulghaffar, Haifa K. and Koenig, Harold G.},
 doi = {10.1097/WAD.0000000000000563},
 journal = {Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders},
 number = {3}
}

Background: The burden of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in dementia (BPSD) has not been characterized in Saudi patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, the Saudi version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (SNPI) has not been validated. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate the SNPI and describe frequency and determinants of BPSD in Saudi AD patients. Methods: The SNPI and BEHAVE-AD instruments were administered to community-dwelling Saudi AD patients and their caregivers. Results: The sample size was 192. The first 59 constituted the validation cohort. Cronbach alpha of the SNPI and BEHAVE-AD were 0.91 and 0.79, respectively. There were significant correlations between: (1) the total SNPI and BEHAVE-AD scores (r=0.84, P<0.001); (2) analogous SNPI and BEHAVE-AD symptom subscores (P<0.05); (3) SNPI and BEHAVE-AD caregiver distress (F=22.6, P<0.001). Inter-rater reliability of the SNPI was excellent (kappa=0.74). Ninety percent of patients experienced 4 SNPI symptoms or more. Patients with stroke and prior psychiatric history were most likely to experience BPSDs. The most common symptom was apathy (82%). Caregiver distress was determined by the total NPI score and impulsiveness subscale score. Conclusions: The SNPI is valid and reliable for assessing BPSD in Saudi AD patients. Longitudinal studies of BPSDs in Saudi specialized dementia clinics are needed.

@article{
 title = {Modeling the Asymmetric Reinsurance Revenues Data using the Partially Autoregressive Time Series Model: Statistical Forecasting and Residuals Analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Forecasting,Ljung-Box test,Residual analysis,Simulation,Statistical model,Statistics and numerical data,Time series},
 pages = {425-446},
 volume = {19},
 websites = {https://pjsor.com/pjsor/article/view/4123},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {fecdd2e5-3911-3369-92ff-30e31c0a3869},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.179Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.002Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The autoregressive model is a representation of a certain kind of random process in statistics, insurance, signal processing, and econometrics, as such, it is used to describe some time-varying processes in nature, economics and insurance, etc. In this article, a novel version of the autoregressive model is proposed, in the so-called the partially autoregressive (PAR(1)) model. The results of the new approach depended on a new algorithm that we formulated to facilitate the process of statistical prediction in light of the rapid developments in time series models. The new algorithm is based on the values of the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. The new technique is assessed via re-estimating the actual time series values. Finally, the results of the PAR(1) model is compared with the Holt-Winters model under the Ljung-Box test and its corresponding p-value. A comprehensive analysis for the model residuals is presented. The matrix of the autocorrelation analysis for both points forecasting and interval forecasting are given with its relevant plots.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alkhayyat, Salwa L. and Mohamed, Heba Soltan and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Yousof, Haitham M. and Ali, Emadeldin I.A.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v19i3.4123},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

The autoregressive model is a representation of a certain kind of random process in statistics, insurance, signal processing, and econometrics, as such, it is used to describe some time-varying processes in nature, economics and insurance, etc. In this article, a novel version of the autoregressive model is proposed, in the so-called the partially autoregressive (PAR(1)) model. The results of the new approach depended on a new algorithm that we formulated to facilitate the process of statistical prediction in light of the rapid developments in time series models. The new algorithm is based on the values of the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions. The new technique is assessed via re-estimating the actual time series values. Finally, the results of the PAR(1) model is compared with the Holt-Winters model under the Ljung-Box test and its corresponding p-value. A comprehensive analysis for the model residuals is presented. The matrix of the autocorrelation analysis for both points forecasting and interval forecasting are given with its relevant plots.

@article{
 title = {Evaluation of Construct Validity and Reliability of the Arabic and English Versions of Biggs Study Process Scale Among Saudi University Students},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Study Process Questionnaire,learning approaches,reliability,students,validity},
 pages = {21582440231181090},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440231181090},
 publisher = {SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
 id = {94899d01-e851-37d9-bba1-3415e9e30c1a},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.269Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.001Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Learning approaches are assumed as the utmost important aspect in all academic proceedings. With the identification of students’ learning approaches, relevant institutes can devise appropriate instructional strategies. Many models have been used to explore learning approaches and styles among students, but mostly in the developed world. Literature is further scarce in the Arab region. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the revised Biggs Study Process Questionnaire-2-factor (R-SPQ-2F) both in English and Arabic. The study also explored the learning approaches among students at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study comprised 556 participants and was carried out from October 15th, 2020, to January 15th, 2021. The reliability of the complete scale and its subscales showed good reliability, Cronbach’s α ranges from.881 to.925. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed no notable discriminant and convergent validity concerns, and all fit indices were well above threshold levels for both English and Arabic Versions. A significantly higher median deep learning score was observed in males and students with ≥4.0 GPA (p =.018 and.012, respectively).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Bashir, Muhammad Abid and Alzahrani, Sami Hamdan and Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil and Malik, Ahmad Azam},
 doi = {10.1177/21582440231181090},
 journal = {SAGE Open},
 number = {2}
}

Learning approaches are assumed as the utmost important aspect in all academic proceedings. With the identification of students’ learning approaches, relevant institutes can devise appropriate instructional strategies. Many models have been used to explore learning approaches and styles among students, but mostly in the developed world. Literature is further scarce in the Arab region. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the revised Biggs Study Process Questionnaire-2-factor (R-SPQ-2F) both in English and Arabic. The study also explored the learning approaches among students at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study comprised 556 participants and was carried out from October 15th, 2020, to January 15th, 2021. The reliability of the complete scale and its subscales showed good reliability, Cronbach’s α ranges from.881 to.925. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed no notable discriminant and convergent validity concerns, and all fit indices were well above threshold levels for both English and Arabic Versions. A significantly higher median deep learning score was observed in males and students with ≥4.0 GPA (p =.018 and.012, respectively).

@article{
 title = {Modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin Goodness-of-fit Test Statistic for the Compound Topp Leone Burr XII Model with Various Censored Applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 id = {025b68a9-4bf3-36f9-b43e-01fa4ae0a6ae},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.322Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:36:24.048Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khalil, Mohamed G and Yousof, Haitham M and Aidi, Khaoula and Ali, M Masoom and Butt, Nadeem S and Ibrahim, Mohamed},
 journal = {Stat. Optim. Inf. Comput}
}

@book{
 title = {A Family of Continuous Probability Distributions: Theory, Characterizations, Properties and Different Copulas},
 type = {book},
 year = {2023},
 source = {A Family of Continuous Probability Distributions: Theory, Characterizations, Properties and Different Copulas},
 pages = {1-358},
 publisher = {CRC Press},
 id = {13c88f34-afd1-3133-9f40-a681c42da829},
 created = {2024-02-07T19:36:22.537Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:40:02.844Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {ali2023g},
 source_type = {book},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Statistical distributions are essential tools to model the characteristics of datasets, such as right or left skewness, bi-modality or multi-modality observed in different applied sciences, such as engineering, medicine, and finance. The well-known distributions like normal, Weibull, gamma and Lindley are extensively used because of their simple forms and identifiability properties. In the last decade, researchers have focused on the more complex and flexible distributions, referred to as Generalized or simply G families of probability distributions, to increase the modelling capability of these distributions by adding one or more shape parameters. The main aim of this edited book is to present new contributions by researchers in the field of G families of probability distributions. The book will help researchers to: • Develop new univariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. • Develop new bivariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. • Derive beneficial mathematical properties such as ordinary and incomplete moments, moment generating functions, residual life and reversed residual life functions, order statistics, quantile spread ordering and entropies, and some bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new and existing models using a simple-type copula.},
 bibtype = {book},
 author = {Masoom Ali, Mir and Ali, Irfan and Yousof, Haitham M. and Ibrahim, Mohamed},
 doi = {10.1201/9781003232193}
}

Statistical distributions are essential tools to model the characteristics of datasets, such as right or left skewness, bi-modality or multi-modality observed in different applied sciences, such as engineering, medicine, and finance. The well-known distributions like normal, Weibull, gamma and Lindley are extensively used because of their simple forms and identifiability properties. In the last decade, researchers have focused on the more complex and flexible distributions, referred to as Generalized or simply G families of probability distributions, to increase the modelling capability of these distributions by adding one or more shape parameters. The main aim of this edited book is to present new contributions by researchers in the field of G families of probability distributions. The book will help researchers to: • Develop new univariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. • Develop new bivariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. • Derive beneficial mathematical properties such as ordinary and incomplete moments, moment generating functions, residual life and reversed residual life functions, order statistics, quantile spread ordering and entropies, and some bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new and existing models using a simple-type copula.

@article{
 title = {A Novel Accelerated Failure Time Model: Characterizations, Validation Testing, Different Estimation Methods and Applications in Engineering and Medicine},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {691-717},
 websites = {https://pjsor.com/pjsor/article/view/3554},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {c71780dd-f4fe-36a6-9376-055e8626ccea},
 created = {2024-02-07T19:36:22.541Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.246Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {yousof2023novel},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we present a new exponential accelerated failure time model. Some of its properties and characterization results are derived. Different estimation methods are considered for assessing the finite sample behaviour of the estimators. Simulation studies for comparing the estimation methods are performed. Finally, we present a novel modified chi-square test for the novel exponential accelerated failure time model in both complete and right censored data cases. The validity of the new model is checked by using the theoretical global of the Nikulin-Rao-Robson. The maximum likelihood method is considered for this purpose. Two simulation studies are performed to assess the exponential accelerated failure time model and the efficiency of the Nikulin-Rao-Robson test statistic, respectively. Three real data sets are considered for illustrating the efficiency of the test statistic in validation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yousof, Haitham M. and Goual, Hafida and Khaoula, Meribout Kaouter and Hamedani, G.G. and Al-Aefaie, Abdullah H. and Ibrahim, Mohamed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Salem, Moustafa},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v19i4.3554},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research}
}

In this paper, we present a new exponential accelerated failure time model. Some of its properties and characterization results are derived. Different estimation methods are considered for assessing the finite sample behaviour of the estimators. Simulation studies for comparing the estimation methods are performed. Finally, we present a novel modified chi-square test for the novel exponential accelerated failure time model in both complete and right censored data cases. The validity of the new model is checked by using the theoretical global of the Nikulin-Rao-Robson. The maximum likelihood method is considered for this purpose. Two simulation studies are performed to assess the exponential accelerated failure time model and the efficiency of the Nikulin-Rao-Robson test statistic, respectively. Three real data sets are considered for illustrating the efficiency of the test statistic in validation.

@article{
 title = {Evaluating patient safety research performance in Arab world countries: Changing trends and reflections},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Arab World,Bibliometric analyses,Medical Research,Patient Safety},
 pages = {1595-1600},
 volume = {39},
 websites = {https://www.pjms.org.pk/index.php/pjms/article/view/7514/1879},
 publisher = {Professional Medical Publications},
 id = {dc714289-6873-3352-86e4-272c07650ff0},
 created = {2024-02-07T19:36:22.698Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.219Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {zubairi2023evaluating},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background and Objective: Patient safety is a major concern in health care. Research is an important tool to minimize preventable errors. Research performance and trends evaluation need to be identified for future guidance. Our objective was to evaluate the research performance in Arab World countries related to patient safety so that real picture is available to all stake holders for future application Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory study carried at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, using Bibliometric analyses on Web of Science extracted data, exploring the research publications related to Patient Safety from the Arab World in last two decades (2001-2020). Digital resources were used. Data collected was further explored to see the trends. Results: Only 2% of total worldwide publications on Patient Safety were from Arab World. A positive trend, however, has emerged since 2015. Out of 5940 documents identified, only 383 had single authorship. Egypt and Saudi Arab were the major contributors. Other countries had less or even zero publications. Researchers are coordinating with others in Western countries to enhance the research productivity. Cairo University with 734 publications had most affiliations. Publications on safety culture and medication safety were frequent. Hospital Acquired Infections and error reporting had limited research. Conclusion: Researches on patient safety in the Arab World are not sufficient. Countries other than Egypt and Saudi Arabia also need to contribute more frequently. Critical problems, like Hospital Acquired Infections, should have regular research from all countries to assist those treating patients and those making health related policies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zubairi, Nadeem Alam and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil},
 doi = {10.12669/PJMS.39.6.7514},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences},
 number = {6}
}

Background and Objective: Patient safety is a major concern in health care. Research is an important tool to minimize preventable errors. Research performance and trends evaluation need to be identified for future guidance. Our objective was to evaluate the research performance in Arab World countries related to patient safety so that real picture is available to all stake holders for future application Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory study carried at King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, using Bibliometric analyses on Web of Science extracted data, exploring the research publications related to Patient Safety from the Arab World in last two decades (2001-2020). Digital resources were used. Data collected was further explored to see the trends. Results: Only 2% of total worldwide publications on Patient Safety were from Arab World. A positive trend, however, has emerged since 2015. Out of 5940 documents identified, only 383 had single authorship. Egypt and Saudi Arab were the major contributors. Other countries had less or even zero publications. Researchers are coordinating with others in Western countries to enhance the research productivity. Cairo University with 734 publications had most affiliations. Publications on safety culture and medication safety were frequent. Hospital Acquired Infections and error reporting had limited research. Conclusion: Researches on patient safety in the Arab World are not sufficient. Countries other than Egypt and Saudi Arabia also need to contribute more frequently. Critical problems, like Hospital Acquired Infections, should have regular research from all countries to assist those treating patients and those making health related policies.

@inbook{
 type = {inbook},
 year = {2023},
 pages = {1-30},
 publisher = {CRC Press},
 id = {bda03c07-14b5-3b47-be21-3c318d6c774d},
 created = {2024-02-07T19:36:22.703Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:36:22.703Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {ali2023new},
 source_type = {incollection},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We define and study a new compound G family of distributions. Some of its relevant mathematical properties are derived. Special cases based on the Lomax model are studied and analyzed. Some new bivariate type G families of distributions using Clayton copula, Renyi’s copula, Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula, Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula and their relevant modified versions are derived. Certain characterizations are presented based on two truncated moments and the reverse hazard function. We briefly describe seven classical estimation methods: the maximum likelihood method, Cramér-von-Mises method, ordinary least square method, weighted least square method, Anderson Darling method, right tail Anderson Darling method, and left tail Anderson Darling method used in the estimation process. Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed to compare the performances of the proposed estimation methods for both small and large samples. These methods are used in the estimation process of the unknown parameters. Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed to compare the performances of the proposed estimation methods for both small and large samples. We derive some new corresponding bivariate distributions from facilitating the mathematical modeling of the bivariate real data sets. A graphical simulation study is performed for assessing the finite sample behaviour of the estimators using the maximum likelihood method. Two applications are provided for illustrating the applicability of the new model.},
 bibtype = {inbook},
 author = {Masoom Ali, M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Hamedani, G. G. and Nadarajah, Saralees and Yousof, Haitham M. and Ibrahim, Mohamed},
 doi = {10.1201/9781003232193-1},
 chapter = {A New Compound G Family of Distributions: Properties, Copulas, Characterizations, Real Data Applications with Different Methods of Estimation},
 title = {G Families of Probability Distributions: Theory and Practices}
}

We define and study a new compound G family of distributions. Some of its relevant mathematical properties are derived. Special cases based on the Lomax model are studied and analyzed. Some new bivariate type G families of distributions using Clayton copula, Renyi’s copula, Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula, Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula and their relevant modified versions are derived. Certain characterizations are presented based on two truncated moments and the reverse hazard function. We briefly describe seven classical estimation methods: the maximum likelihood method, Cramér-von-Mises method, ordinary least square method, weighted least square method, Anderson Darling method, right tail Anderson Darling method, and left tail Anderson Darling method used in the estimation process. Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed to compare the performances of the proposed estimation methods for both small and large samples. These methods are used in the estimation process of the unknown parameters. Monte Carlo simulation experiments are performed to compare the performances of the proposed estimation methods for both small and large samples. We derive some new corresponding bivariate distributions from facilitating the mathematical modeling of the bivariate real data sets. A graphical simulation study is performed for assessing the finite sample behaviour of the estimators using the maximum likelihood method. Two applications are provided for illustrating the applicability of the new model.

@article{
 title = {Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccination Side Effects Among the Adult Population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 volume = {15},
 websites = {https://www.cureus.com/articles/178584-analyzing-covid-19-vaccination-side-effects-among-the-adult-population-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia?authors-tab=true#!/},
 publisher = {Cureus},
 id = {d241b27e-b052-3fef-ae1d-f7caee959c4d},
 created = {2024-02-07T19:36:22.805Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:13.645Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {alamri2023analyzing},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alamri, Turki and Anwer, Fahad and Butt, Nadeem S and Alganmi, Ahmed H and Alotaibi, Sultan A and Alzibali, Khalid F and Hawsawi, Hassan A and Bakarman, Marwan and Malik, Ahmad Azam},
 doi = {10.7759/cureus.47136},
 journal = {Cureus},
 number = {10}
}

@article{
 title = {Major Histocompatibility Class-I (MHC-I) downregulation in glioblastoma is a poor prognostic factor but not a predictive indicator for treatment failure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2023},
 keywords = {Glioblastoma,MHC-I,Recurrence,TP53,WHO Grade 4 Astrocytoma},
 pages = {154816},
 volume = {250},
 websites = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0344033823005162},
 publisher = {Urban \& Fischer},
 id = {a57c759b-903f-3fe6-9a22-92af9ed73ee1},
 created = {2024-02-07T19:36:23.421Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2024-02-07T19:59:12.968Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2023major},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: MHC-I expression is a crucial factor in cancer immunity, and its regulations can impact tumor progression and recurrence. The mechanism through which glioblastoma use MHC-I to avoid immunosurveillance has been rarely investigated. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 35 patients with IDH-mutant WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were examined for MHC-I using protein and gene expression assays. The association between IDH mutation, TP53 mutation, and MHC-I expression with recurrence-free interval were investigated. Results: The average patients’ age was 49.6 year. IDH was wildtype in 13 tumors. MHC-I protein expression was absent in 30 tumors, faint in 4 tumors, and membrane bound dense expression in single tumor. MHC-I expression was upregulated in 10 tumors and 25 tumors showed MHC-I downregulation. P53 was positively expressed in 19 cases and lost in 13 cases. A significant statistical difference was observed in the RFI between tumors with distinct MHC-I expression and IDH-mutation [p-value = 0.008]. IDH-wildtype tumors with upregulated MHC-I expression showed late tumor recurrence compared to IDH-wildtype tumors with downregulated MHC-I expression. There was insignificant statistical difference in RFI among patients with varying degree of MHC-I expression, who received TMZ or TMZ and other chemotherapies [P-value = 0.44] Conclusions: Glioblastoma with upregulated MHC-I showed a delayed tumor recurrence in comparison to those with downregulated MHC-I expression. However, downregulated MHC-I may not necessarily be an indicator of poor problems.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem S. and Kurdi, Maher and Fadul, Motaz M. and Hakamy, Sahar and Addas, Bassam M.J. and Faizo, Eyad and Alkhayyat, Shadi and Bamaga, Ahmed K. and Alsinani, Taghreed and Katib, Yousef and Okel, Fahad and Maghrabi, Yazid and Sabbagh, Abdulrahman J. and Moshref, Rana and Albalawi, Sultan and Alkhotani, Alaa and Mohammed, Fawaz and Mulla, Nasser and Baeesa, Saleh},
 doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2023.154816},
 journal = {Pathology Research and Practice}
}

Background: MHC-I expression is a crucial factor in cancer immunity, and its regulations can impact tumor progression and recurrence. The mechanism through which glioblastoma use MHC-I to avoid immunosurveillance has been rarely investigated. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 35 patients with IDH-mutant WHO-Grade 4 astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype glioblastoma were examined for MHC-I using protein and gene expression assays. The association between IDH mutation, TP53 mutation, and MHC-I expression with recurrence-free interval were investigated. Results: The average patients’ age was 49.6 year. IDH was wildtype in 13 tumors. MHC-I protein expression was absent in 30 tumors, faint in 4 tumors, and membrane bound dense expression in single tumor. MHC-I expression was upregulated in 10 tumors and 25 tumors showed MHC-I downregulation. P53 was positively expressed in 19 cases and lost in 13 cases. A significant statistical difference was observed in the RFI between tumors with distinct MHC-I expression and IDH-mutation [p-value = 0.008]. IDH-wildtype tumors with upregulated MHC-I expression showed late tumor recurrence compared to IDH-wildtype tumors with downregulated MHC-I expression. There was insignificant statistical difference in RFI among patients with varying degree of MHC-I expression, who received TMZ or TMZ and other chemotherapies [P-value = 0.44] Conclusions: Glioblastoma with upregulated MHC-I showed a delayed tumor recurrence in comparison to those with downregulated MHC-I expression. However, downregulated MHC-I may not necessarily be an indicator of poor problems.

@article{
 title = {Psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges to Saudi Arabian students in Australia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {e0262585},
 volume = {17},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA},
 id = {9c060a4b-a56d-3eb7-8d3d-8367b68678f2},
 created = {2022-02-11T11:41:38.658Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.610Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Jameel2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objectives This study investigated the perceptions of Saudi Arabian medical disciplines students undergoing training in various institutes of Australia regarding psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges. Methods This cross-sectional study was from March 15 to June 15, 2019. Data were collected by an online questionnaire. It consisted of questions regarding demographic, psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges. Two hundred nineteen students studying in Australia responded to our questionnaire. Results Of the total 219 students, 13(6.0%) were undergraduate, 167(76%) were postgraduate, and 39(18%) were Ph.D. students. For most students (171[79.2%]), Australia was the country of choice for studying. Most of them were satisfied with their academic performance and adjustment to the Australian way of living. Most of the students (180[82.2%]) showed satisfaction over the availability of fair chances of their religious practices in Australia. Few of them faced difficulties coping with the Australian climate (25[11.4%]), homesickness (59 [26.9%]), and food and dietary sources (44[20.1%]). Students were overall satisfied with the student advisory system (156[71.2%]), university assessments (147[67.2%]), and available research facilities (170[77.6%]). Among participants, 77 (35.1%), 119(54.3%), and 23 (10.5%) students indicated that they wished to stay in Australia only until completion of their studies, temporarily and permanently, respectively. Conclusions Our findings showed that Saudi students in Australia had strong psychosocial well-being, cultural integration, and academic success. Most of them were satisfied and adjusted well to Australian culture.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jameel, Tahir and Baig, Mukhtiar and Tariq, Saba and Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Althagafi, Nouf Khaleel and Hazazi, Eman Yahya and Alsayed, Razan Saleh},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0262585},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {1 January}
}

Objectives This study investigated the perceptions of Saudi Arabian medical disciplines students undergoing training in various institutes of Australia regarding psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges. Methods This cross-sectional study was from March 15 to June 15, 2019. Data were collected by an online questionnaire. It consisted of questions regarding demographic, psychosocial, cultural, and academic challenges. Two hundred nineteen students studying in Australia responded to our questionnaire. Results Of the total 219 students, 13(6.0%) were undergraduate, 167(76%) were postgraduate, and 39(18%) were Ph.D. students. For most students (171[79.2%]), Australia was the country of choice for studying. Most of them were satisfied with their academic performance and adjustment to the Australian way of living. Most of the students (180[82.2%]) showed satisfaction over the availability of fair chances of their religious practices in Australia. Few of them faced difficulties coping with the Australian climate (25[11.4%]), homesickness (59 [26.9%]), and food and dietary sources (44[20.1%]). Students were overall satisfied with the student advisory system (156[71.2%]), university assessments (147[67.2%]), and available research facilities (170[77.6%]). Among participants, 77 (35.1%), 119(54.3%), and 23 (10.5%) students indicated that they wished to stay in Australia only until completion of their studies, temporarily and permanently, respectively. Conclusions Our findings showed that Saudi students in Australia had strong psychosocial well-being, cultural integration, and academic success. Most of them were satisfied and adjusted well to Australian culture.

@article{
 title = {Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Productivity on Vitamin D and Bone Metabolism (2001–2020): Learn from the Past to Plan Future},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Bibliometrics,Bone,Bone metabolism,Rickets,Vitamin D},
 pages = {542},
 volume = {14},
 publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
 id = {ec7be338-4708-3c77-9f90-f2184592eafa},
 created = {2022-02-11T11:41:38.972Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.734Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Malik2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Vitamin D has long been known for preserving bone and non-skeletal health. Despite its magnitude of impact, scarce literature has explored the evolution of the relevant published literature. This study aimed at evaluating the trends and performance of Vitamin D and bone metabolism-related publications (2001–2020). All pertinent English language 16,887 articles were searched and extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database and “R-Bibliometrix” was used for comprehensive analysis. Around 60,149 authors contributed from 114 countries, showing the USA on top with >1/4th of all articles, followed by Japan, China, and the United Kingdom. For authors, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, and Holick MF were found to have written the most articles, citations and highest h-index, respectively. Corresponding authors from the top 20 countries collectively were responsible for around 84% of the articles. Among 2735 sources, Osteoporosis International (632), Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (569), and Bone (448) were foremost. Most prominent sources showed recent declining contributions. The increasing trend of publications with a higher spike from 2008 to 2014, followed by a gradual increase till 2017, was observed. Leading countries, affiliations, and authors showed collaborative publications and were mostly from developed countries with limited contributions, particularly from low-and middle-income countries.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Ahmad Azam and Baig, Mukhtiar and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Imran, Muhammad and Alzahrani, Sami Hamdan and Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil},
 doi = {10.3390/nu14030542},
 journal = {Nutrients},
 number = {3}
}

Vitamin D has long been known for preserving bone and non-skeletal health. Despite its magnitude of impact, scarce literature has explored the evolution of the relevant published literature. This study aimed at evaluating the trends and performance of Vitamin D and bone metabolism-related publications (2001–2020). All pertinent English language 16,887 articles were searched and extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database and “R-Bibliometrix” was used for comprehensive analysis. Around 60,149 authors contributed from 114 countries, showing the USA on top with >1/4th of all articles, followed by Japan, China, and the United Kingdom. For authors, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, and Holick MF were found to have written the most articles, citations and highest h-index, respectively. Corresponding authors from the top 20 countries collectively were responsible for around 84% of the articles. Among 2735 sources, Osteoporosis International (632), Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (569), and Bone (448) were foremost. Most prominent sources showed recent declining contributions. The increasing trend of publications with a higher spike from 2008 to 2014, followed by a gradual increase till 2017, was observed. Leading countries, affiliations, and authors showed collaborative publications and were mostly from developed countries with limited contributions, particularly from low-and middle-income countries.

@article{
 title = {The long-term impact of neck scar satisfaction among thyroid surgery patients},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Arabs,Patient satisfaction,Quality of life,Scar,Thyroidectomy},
 pages = {749-755},
 volume = {69},
 publisher = {The Japan Endocrine Society},
 id = {dfd4d393-bd85-35b0-883a-2f55e58dfa73},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:48.665Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.020Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Marzouki2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study evaluated scar satisfaction in Arabic patients who underwent thyroidectomy surgery using validated assessment tools. We aimed to assess the relationship between scar length and scar satisfaction, and validate Arabic versions of the universally used scar satisfaction questionnaires. In this retrospective cohort study, 60 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital were enrolled. Scars were evaluated in two stages: firstly, by a clinician, and secondly, by a naïve observer. Ratings of disfigurement were measured using the validated Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) that was translated into Arabic. Results: The Arabic version of the POSAS showed good or excellent reliability. Average POSAS scores were 12.88, 18.02, and 7.53, respectively, indicating that most patients were satisfied. Incision size and POSAS scores (but not Patient and Naïve Observer scores) were positively correlated, and larger incisions resulted in greater dissatisfaction. Fitzpatrick Skin Type score and Observer scores were positively correlated, but there were no significant correlations between Patient and Naïve Observer scores with skin type. In conclusion, this study validated the Arabic version of universally used questionnaires for scar satisfaction. Most patients were satisfied with their neck scars regardless of scar length. Our findings pave the way for further research into patient postoperative scar satisfaction in Arabic-speaking populations.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Marzouki, Hani and Alrowaizen, Sara and Ageel, Mariam and Nujoom, Mohammed and Arif, Rawan and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Merdad, Mazin and Al-Muhayawi, Saad and Alhozali, Amani and Samargandy, Shaza},
 doi = {10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0577},
 journal = {Endocrine Journal},
 number = {7}
}

This study evaluated scar satisfaction in Arabic patients who underwent thyroidectomy surgery using validated assessment tools. We aimed to assess the relationship between scar length and scar satisfaction, and validate Arabic versions of the universally used scar satisfaction questionnaires. In this retrospective cohort study, 60 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital were enrolled. Scars were evaluated in two stages: firstly, by a clinician, and secondly, by a naïve observer. Ratings of disfigurement were measured using the validated Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) that was translated into Arabic. Results: The Arabic version of the POSAS showed good or excellent reliability. Average POSAS scores were 12.88, 18.02, and 7.53, respectively, indicating that most patients were satisfied. Incision size and POSAS scores (but not Patient and Naïve Observer scores) were positively correlated, and larger incisions resulted in greater dissatisfaction. Fitzpatrick Skin Type score and Observer scores were positively correlated, but there were no significant correlations between Patient and Naïve Observer scores with skin type. In conclusion, this study validated the Arabic version of universally used questionnaires for scar satisfaction. Most patients were satisfied with their neck scars regardless of scar length. Our findings pave the way for further research into patient postoperative scar satisfaction in Arabic-speaking populations.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Skin Picking Disorder Symptoms Among Adults in an Arab Middle Eastern Population: A Cross-Sectional Study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {The Skin Picking Scale-Revised scale,dermatillomania,excoriation disorder,prevalence,risk factors,skin picking disorder},
 pages = {2583-2591},
 volume = {15},
 publisher = {Dove Press},
 id = {5e6f68e4-a08a-3672-b997-599a752552b4},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:48.872Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.981Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Alghamdi2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: Skin Picking Disorder (SPD) is a skin-related disease, also recognized as psychogenic excoriation, dermatillomania, or excoriation disorder. SPD is defined as a habitual picking of skin, which in turn harms skin tissue. Given the paucity of information on SPD symptoms, their prevalence, and risk factors in Saudi Arabia, the present study seeks to fill this gap by investigating these factors in a community sample from Jeddah. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jeddah. The Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R) scale was administered to a convenience sample of 520 respondents. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) for “impairment” and “symptoms severity” subscales was assessed by evaluating the validity of measurement and structural models. Results: Skin picking behavior was reported by 28.8% (n=150). A significant level of skin picking disorder symptoms was present in 1.2% (n=6). Skin picking visual effect, depressive symptoms, and being unmarried were the only positive independent predictors of the total SPS-R score. Conclusion: SPD symptoms are relatively common among the adult population in Jeddah, but those with threshold symptoms indicative of SPD are relatively few. Such behavior is particularly common in vulnerable groups such as those with depressive symptoms and the unmarried. More attention to this condition by clinicians will improve the quality of life of those affected, and reduce the emotional and physical health consequences of this often unrecognized condition.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khatib, Hazim Abdulkarim and Alghamdi, Waleed Ahmed and Subki, Ahmed Hussein and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alsallum, Mohammed Saad and Alsulaimani, Ahmed Salem and Alnajjar, Sara Faisal and Alzaidi, Fahad Daifallah and Alasmari, Abdulrahman Ali and Alshamrani, Hussein Mesfer and Al-Zaben, Faten and Koenig, Harold G.},
 doi = {10.2147/CCID.S348258},
 journal = {Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology}
}

Introduction: Skin Picking Disorder (SPD) is a skin-related disease, also recognized as psychogenic excoriation, dermatillomania, or excoriation disorder. SPD is defined as a habitual picking of skin, which in turn harms skin tissue. Given the paucity of information on SPD symptoms, their prevalence, and risk factors in Saudi Arabia, the present study seeks to fill this gap by investigating these factors in a community sample from Jeddah. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jeddah. The Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R) scale was administered to a convenience sample of 520 respondents. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) for “impairment” and “symptoms severity” subscales was assessed by evaluating the validity of measurement and structural models. Results: Skin picking behavior was reported by 28.8% (n=150). A significant level of skin picking disorder symptoms was present in 1.2% (n=6). Skin picking visual effect, depressive symptoms, and being unmarried were the only positive independent predictors of the total SPS-R score. Conclusion: SPD symptoms are relatively common among the adult population in Jeddah, but those with threshold symptoms indicative of SPD are relatively few. Such behavior is particularly common in vulnerable groups such as those with depressive symptoms and the unmarried. More attention to this condition by clinicians will improve the quality of life of those affected, and reduce the emotional and physical health consequences of this often unrecognized condition.

@article{
 title = {A New Lifetime Parametric Model for the Survival and Relief Times with Copulas and Properties},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Clayton copula,Exponentiated exponential,Hazard function,Morgenstern family,Real data modeling},
 pages = {249-272},
 volume = {18},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {b944bf3a-a8f0-3c61-97aa-69f44da7344f},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:48.949Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.044Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Shehata2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this article, we introduce a new generalization of the Exponentiated Exponential distribution. Various structural mathematical properties are derived. Numerical analysis for mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis and the dispersion index are performed. The new density can be right skewed and symmetric with "unimodal" and "bimodal" shapes. The new hazard function can be "constant", "monotonically decreasing", " monotonically increasing", "increasing-constant”, “upside-down-constant", "decreasing-constant". Many bivariate and multivariate type model have been also derived. We assess the performance of the maximum likelihood method graphically via the biases and mean squared errors. The applicability of the new life distribution is illustrated by means of two real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shehata, Wahid A.M. and Butt, Nadeem S. and Yousof, Haitham M. and Aboraya, Mohamed},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v18i1.3930},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

In this article, we introduce a new generalization of the Exponentiated Exponential distribution. Various structural mathematical properties are derived. Numerical analysis for mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis and the dispersion index are performed. The new density can be right skewed and symmetric with "unimodal" and "bimodal" shapes. The new hazard function can be "constant", "monotonically decreasing", " monotonically increasing", "increasing-constant”, “upside-down-constant", "decreasing-constant". Many bivariate and multivariate type model have been also derived. We assess the performance of the maximum likelihood method graphically via the biases and mean squared errors. The applicability of the new life distribution is illustrated by means of two real data sets.

@article{
 title = {Contributions Towards New Families of Distributions: An Investigation, Further Developments, Characterizations and Comparative Study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Characterizations,Comparative study,Developments of new families,Families of distributions,Monti carlo simulation,Weibull distribution},
 pages = {99-120},
 volume = {18},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {5108d068-5a3a-3d89-b627-b978b7db8f8c},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:48.987Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.807Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Ahmad2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In the past couple of years, statistical models have been extensively used in applied areas for analyzing real data sets. However, in numerous situations, the traditional distributions are not flexible enough to cater different aspects of the real phenomena. For example, (i) in the practice of reliability engineering and bio-medical analysis, some distributions provide the best fit to the data having monotonic failure rate function, but fails to provide the best fit to the data having non-monotonic failure rate function, (ii) some statistical distributions provide the best fit for small insurance losses, but fails to provide an adequate fit to large claim size data, and (iii) some distributions do not have closed forms causing difficulties in estimation process. To address the above issues, therefore, several methods have been suggested to improve the flexibility of the classical distributions. In this article, we investigate some of the former methods of generalizing the existing distributions. Further, we propose nineteen new methods of extending the classical distributions to obtain flexible models suitable for modeling data in applied fields. We also provide certain characterizations of the newly proposed families. Finally, we provide a comparative study of the newly proposed and some other existing well-known models via analyzing three real data sets from three different disciplines such as reliability engineering, medical and financial sciences.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ahmad, Zubair and Mahmoudi, Eisa and Roozegarz, Rasool and Hamedani, G. G. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v18i1.3908},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

In the past couple of years, statistical models have been extensively used in applied areas for analyzing real data sets. However, in numerous situations, the traditional distributions are not flexible enough to cater different aspects of the real phenomena. For example, (i) in the practice of reliability engineering and bio-medical analysis, some distributions provide the best fit to the data having monotonic failure rate function, but fails to provide the best fit to the data having non-monotonic failure rate function, (ii) some statistical distributions provide the best fit for small insurance losses, but fails to provide an adequate fit to large claim size data, and (iii) some distributions do not have closed forms causing difficulties in estimation process. To address the above issues, therefore, several methods have been suggested to improve the flexibility of the classical distributions. In this article, we investigate some of the former methods of generalizing the existing distributions. Further, we propose nineteen new methods of extending the classical distributions to obtain flexible models suitable for modeling data in applied fields. We also provide certain characterizations of the newly proposed families. Finally, we provide a comparative study of the newly proposed and some other existing well-known models via analyzing three real data sets from three different disciplines such as reliability engineering, medical and financial sciences.

@article{
 title = {Assessing performance of the Healthcare Access and Quality Index, overall and by select age groups, for 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {1b63d16e-8c04-3087-a3b1-4d51c50e040f},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:49.038Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.531Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Haakenstad2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Haakenstad, Annie and Yearwood, Jamal Akeem and Fullman, Nancy and Bintz, Corinne and Bienhoff, Kelly and Weaver, Marcia R and Nandakumar, Vishnu and Joffe, Jonah N and LeGrand, Kate E and Knight, Megan},
 journal = {The Lancet Global Health}
}

@article{
 title = {Trichotillomania prevalence in an Arab Middle Eastern population},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {3961},
 volume = {11},
 publisher = {Medknow},
 id = {95c14dc5-04b8-3dcf-8b7d-92753b282f47},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:49.158Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.021Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Subki2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Subki, AhmedH and Khatib, HazimA and Butt, NadeemS and Jamjoom, MohammedA and Alharbi, RameS and Shaikhoon, BahaaM and Alharbi, MamdouhW and Shaikhoon, SarahM and Al-Zaben, Faten and Alghamdi, WaleedA and Koenig, HaroldG},
 doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1955_20},
 journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care},
 number = {7}
}

@article{
 title = {Adolescent transport and unintentional injuries: a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {e657-e669},
 volume = {7},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {7afd181c-df13-303a-bf71-a07c695db10d},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:49.181Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.703Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Peden2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Peden, Amy E and Cullen, Patricia and Francis, Kate Louise and Moeller, Holger and Peden, Margaret M and Ye, Pengpeng and Tian, Maoyi and Zou, Zhiyong and Sawyer, Susan M and Aali, Amirali},
 journal = {The Lancet Public Health},
 number = {8}
}

@article{
 title = {Expanding the Nadarajah Haghighi Model: Characterizations, Properties and Application},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Characterizations,Hazard rate function,Modeling,Nadarajah haghighi model},
 pages = {537-553},
 volume = {18},
 publisher = {College of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences},
 id = {56b88c58-ed8d-367e-afdf-d88fd00cb57b},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:49.309Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.075Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Ibrahim2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new three-parameter Nadarajah Haghighi model is introduced and studied. The new density has various shapes such as the right skewed, left skewed and symmetric and its corresponding hazard rate shapes can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub, upside down and constant. Characterization results are obtained based on two truncated moments and in terms of the hazard function. An example is presented for illustrating the importance of the new model.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ibrahim, Mohamed and Hamedani, G. G. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Yousof, Haitham M.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v18i3.3420},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

A new three-parameter Nadarajah Haghighi model is introduced and studied. The new density has various shapes such as the right skewed, left skewed and symmetric and its corresponding hazard rate shapes can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub, upside down and constant. Characterization results are obtained based on two truncated moments and in terms of the hazard function. An example is presented for illustrating the importance of the new model.

@article{
 title = {The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {563},
 volume = {400},
 websites = {https://gco.iarc.fr/},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {be22243d-081d-3012-a60b-c3f268e6d9cb},
 created = {2022-10-11T18:26:49.483Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.867Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Tran2022},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bao, Khanh and Jacqueline, Hannah and Abdelwahab, Ahmed and Abdulkadir, Hanan and Hussein, Kedir and Gyan, Richard and Derso, Yonas and Ali, Abubaker and Manuel, Juan and Yeboah, Isaac and Ayomikun, Mir-acle and Estiningtyas Saki-lah, Qorinah and Sohail, Muhammad and Opoku, Bright and Ramazan, Araz and Beshir, Muktar and Rashid, Ahmed and Taddesse, Gizachew and Joyqueenet, Chisom and Hamad, Al and Mashhour, Fahad and Ali, Saleh and Khaled, Mo-hammed and Kaba, Robert and Abdulqadir, Beriwan and Shujait, Syed and Mohamed, Syed and Ali Ali, Sadeq and Hani, Rami H and Khalifah, Salman and Kwabena, Edward and Dehkordi, Aminian and Javad, Javad and Hosein, Mohammad and Adeniyi, Ganiyu and Animut, Yaregal and Arash, Ali and Geleto, Mustafa and Hubert, Maxwell and Lukman, Sumadi and Edward, Anayochukwu and Mamo, Ayele and Taiwo, Raphael and Shamsadin, Seyyed and Moh, Maha and Fentahun, Atalel and Ayenew, Mamaru and Quintanilla, Ayala and Paulina, Beatriz and Mu-latu, Tegegn and Shitu, Solomon and Mamuye, Melkalem and Jafari, Azari and Y, Ahmed Y},
 journal = {The Lancet},
 number = {10352}
}

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally.

@article{
 title = {The Type II Quasi Lambert G Family of Probability Distributions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Ali-mikhail-haq copula,Anderson-darling estimation,Characterizations,Clayton copula,Farlie-gumbel-morgenstern copula,Maximum likelihood estimation,Maximum product spacing estimation},
 pages = {963-983},
 volume = {18},
 publisher = {UNIV PUNJAB},
 id = {2b62b28a-0395-38b6-a44b-102c11512c8d},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.718Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.879Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Probability distributions and their families play an effective role in statistical modeling and statistical analysis. Recently, researchers have been increasingly interested in generating new families with high flexibility and low number of milestones. We propose and study a new family of continuous distributions. Relevant properties are presented. Many bivariate versions of the new family are derived under the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula, modified Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula, Clayton copula, entropy copula and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. We present two characterizations of the new family. Different estimation methods such as the maximum likelihood estimation, maximum product spacing estimation, least squares estimation, weighted least squares estimation, Anderson-Darling estimation and the Cramer-von Mises estimation methods are considered. Simulation studies for comparing estimation methods are performed based on the baseline Lindley model. Two real data sets are analyzed for comparing the competitive models.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hamedani, G. G. and Korkmaz, Mustafa and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Yousof, Haitham M.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v18i4.3907},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

Probability distributions and their families play an effective role in statistical modeling and statistical analysis. Recently, researchers have been increasingly interested in generating new families with high flexibility and low number of milestones. We propose and study a new family of continuous distributions. Relevant properties are presented. Many bivariate versions of the new family are derived under the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula, modified Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula, Clayton copula, entropy copula and Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. We present two characterizations of the new family. Different estimation methods such as the maximum likelihood estimation, maximum product spacing estimation, least squares estimation, weighted least squares estimation, Anderson-Darling estimation and the Cramer-von Mises estimation methods are considered. Simulation studies for comparing estimation methods are performed based on the baseline Lindley model. Two real data sets are analyzed for comparing the competitive models.

@article{
 title = {Expanding the Nadarajah Haghighi Model: Characterizations, Properties and Application},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {Characterizations,Hazard rate function,Modeling,Nadarajah haghighi model},
 pages = {537-553},
 volume = {18},
 id = {ba5b6145-18ef-3bd0-ba5b-efe91c71c8fb},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:19.895Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:17.815Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new three-parameter Nadarajah Haghighi model is introduced and studied. The new density has various shapes such as the right skewed, left skewed and symmetric and its corresponding hazard rate shapes can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub, upside down and constant. Characterization results are obtained based on two truncated moments and in terms of the hazard function. An example is presented for illustrating the importance of the new model.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ibrahim, Mohamed and Hamedani, G. G. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Yousof, Haitham M.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v18i3.3420},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

A new three-parameter Nadarajah Haghighi model is introduced and studied. The new density has various shapes such as the right skewed, left skewed and symmetric and its corresponding hazard rate shapes can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub, upside down and constant. Characterization results are obtained based on two truncated moments and in terms of the hazard function. An example is presented for illustrating the importance of the new model.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Skin Picking Disorder Symptoms Among Adults in an Arab Middle Eastern Population: A Cross-Sectional Study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 keywords = {The Skin Picking Scale-Revised scale,dermatillomania,excoriation disorder,prevalence,risk factors,skin picking disorder},
 pages = {2583-2591},
 volume = {15},
 publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
 id = {64f4ec55-c508-39c0-8fb3-99d3afbf3d05},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.044Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.251Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: Skin Picking Disorder (SPD) is a skin-related disease, also recognized as psychogenic excoriation, dermatillomania, or excoriation disorder. SPD is defined as a habitual picking of skin, which in turn harms skin tissue. Given the paucity of information on SPD symptoms, their prevalence, and risk factors in Saudi Arabia, the present study seeks to fill this gap by investigating these factors in a community sample from Jeddah. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jeddah. The Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R) scale was administered to a convenience sample of 520 respondents. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) for “impairment” and “symptoms severity” subscales was assessed by evaluating the validity of measurement and structural models. Results: Skin picking behavior was reported by 28.8% (n=150). A significant level of skin picking disorder symptoms was present in 1.2% (n=6). Skin picking visual effect, depressive symptoms, and being unmarried were the only positive independent predictors of the total SPS-R score. Conclusion: SPD symptoms are relatively common among the adult population in Jeddah, but those with threshold symptoms indicative of SPD are relatively few. Such behavior is particularly common in vulnerable groups such as those with depressive symptoms and the unmarried. More attention to this condition by clinicians will improve the quality of life of those affected, and reduce the emotional and physical health consequences of this often unrecognized condition.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khatib, Hazim Abdulkarim and Alghamdi, Waleed Ahmed and Subki, Ahmed Hussein and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alsallum, Mohammed Saad and Alsulaimani, Ahmed Salem and Alnajjar, Sara Faisal and Alzaidi, Fahad Daifallah and Alasmari, Abdulrahman Ali and Alshamrani, Hussein Mesfer and Al-Zaben, Faten and Koenig, Harold G.},
 doi = {10.2147/CCID.S348258},
 journal = {Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology}
}

Introduction: Skin Picking Disorder (SPD) is a skin-related disease, also recognized as psychogenic excoriation, dermatillomania, or excoriation disorder. SPD is defined as a habitual picking of skin, which in turn harms skin tissue. Given the paucity of information on SPD symptoms, their prevalence, and risk factors in Saudi Arabia, the present study seeks to fill this gap by investigating these factors in a community sample from Jeddah. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Jeddah. The Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R) scale was administered to a convenience sample of 520 respondents. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) for “impairment” and “symptoms severity” subscales was assessed by evaluating the validity of measurement and structural models. Results: Skin picking behavior was reported by 28.8% (n=150). A significant level of skin picking disorder symptoms was present in 1.2% (n=6). Skin picking visual effect, depressive symptoms, and being unmarried were the only positive independent predictors of the total SPS-R score. Conclusion: SPD symptoms are relatively common among the adult population in Jeddah, but those with threshold symptoms indicative of SPD are relatively few. Such behavior is particularly common in vulnerable groups such as those with depressive symptoms and the unmarried. More attention to this condition by clinicians will improve the quality of life of those affected, and reduce the emotional and physical health consequences of this often unrecognized condition.

@article{
 title = {The global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {e754-e776},
 volume = {3},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {443fdca3-7d1e-3ab4-ad27-a421db37e71d},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.082Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.324Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common urological disease affecting older men worldwide, but comprehensive data about the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its trends over time are scarce. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated global trends in, and prevalence of, benign prostatic hyperplasia and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019. Methods: This study was conducted with GBD 2019 analytical and modelling strategies. Primary prevalence data came from claims from three countries and from hospital inpatient encounters from 45 locations. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR version 2.1, was used to estimate the age-specific, location-specific, and year-specific prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Age-standardised prevalence was calculated by the direct method using the GBD reference population. Years lived with disability (YLDs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia were estimated by multiplying the disability weight by the symptomatic proportion of the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Because we did not estimate years of life lost associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) equalled YLDs. The final estimates were compared across Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. The 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were estimated as the 25th and 975th of 1000 ordered draws from a bootstrap distribution. Findings: Globally, there were 94·0 million (95% UI 73·2 to 118) prevalent cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 2019, compared with 51·1 million (43·1 to 69·3) cases in 2000. The age-standardised prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was 2480 (1940 to 3090) per 100 000 people. Although the global number of prevalent cases increased by 70·5% (68·6 to 72·7) between 2000 and 2019, the global age-standardised prevalence remained stable (–0·770% [–1·56 to 0·0912]). The age-standardised prevalence in 2019 ranged from 6480 (5130 to 8080) per 100 000 in eastern Europe to 987 (732 to 1320) per 100 000 in north Africa and the Middle East. All five SDI quintiles observed an increase in the absolute DALY burden between 2000 and 2019. The most rapid increases in the absolute DALY burden were seen in the middle SDI quintile (94·7% [91·8 to 97·6]), the low-middle SDI quintile (77·3% [74·1 to 81·2]), and the low SDI quintile (77·7% [72·9 to 83·2]). Between 2000 and 2019, age-standardised DALY rates changed less, but the three lower SDI quintiles (low, low-middle, and middle) saw small increases, and the two higher SDI quintiles (high and high-middle SDI) saw small decreases. Interpretation: The absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is rising at an alarming rate in most of the world, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries that are currently undergoing rapid demographic and epidemiological changes. As more people are living longer worldwide, the absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is expected to continue to rise in the coming years, highlighting the importance of monitoring and planning for future health system strain. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Translation: For the Amharic translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Awedew, Atalel Fentahun and Han, Hannah and Abbasi, Behzad and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Ahmed, Muktar Beshir and Almidani, Omar and Amini, Erfan and Arabloo, Jalal and Argaw, Ayele Mamo and Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin and Atlaw, Daniel and Banach, Maciej and Barrow, Amadou and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S. and Bikbov, Boris and Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano and Dadras, Omid and Dai, Xiaochen and Doan, Linh Phuong and Eftekharzadeh, Sahar and Fatehizadeh, Ali and Garg, Tushar and Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru and Getachew, Motuma Erena and Ghamari, Seyyed Hadi and Gilani, Syed Amir and Golechha, Mahaveer and Gupta, Veer Bala and Gupta, Vivek Kumar and Hay, Simon I. and Hosseini, Mohammad Salar and Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi and Humayun, Ayesha and Ilic, Irena M. and Ilic, Milena D. and Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah and Jakovljevic, Mihajlo and Jayaram, Shubha and Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad and Jema, Alelign Tasew and Kabir, Ali and Karaye, Ibraheem M. and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khan, Ejaz Ahmad and Landires, Iván and Lee, Sang woong and Lee, Shaun Wen Huey and Lim, Stephen S. and Lobo, Stany W. and Majeed, Azeem and Malekpour, Mohammad Reza and Malih, Narges and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar and Mestrovic, Tomislav and Michalek, Irmina Maria and Mihrtie, Gedefaye Nibret and Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad and Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen and Mokdad, Ali H. and Molokhia, Mariam and Murray, Christopher J.L. and Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas and Nguyen, Son Hoang and Nowroozi, Ali and Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia and Owolabi, Mayowa O. and Pawar, Shrikant and Perico, Norberto and Rawaf, David Laith and Rawaf, Salman and Rawassizadeh, Reza and Remuzzi, Giuseppe and Sahebkar, Amirhossein and Sampath, Chethan and Shetty, Jeevan K. and Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Tan, Ker Kan and Temesgen, Gebremaryam and Tolani, Musliu Adetola and Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto and Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel and Valizadeh, Rohollah and Vo, Bay and Vu, Linh Gia and Yang, Lin and Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh and Yigit, Arzu and Yiğit, Vahit and Yunusa, Ismaeel and Zahir, Mazyar and Vos, Theo and Dirac, M. Ashworth},
 doi = {10.1016/S2666-7568(22)00213-6},
 journal = {The Lancet Healthy Longevity},
 number = {11}
}

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common urological disease affecting older men worldwide, but comprehensive data about the global, regional, and national burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia and its trends over time are scarce. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated global trends in, and prevalence of, benign prostatic hyperplasia and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia, in 21 regions and 204 countries and territories from 2000 to 2019. Methods: This study was conducted with GBD 2019 analytical and modelling strategies. Primary prevalence data came from claims from three countries and from hospital inpatient encounters from 45 locations. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR version 2.1, was used to estimate the age-specific, location-specific, and year-specific prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Age-standardised prevalence was calculated by the direct method using the GBD reference population. Years lived with disability (YLDs) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia were estimated by multiplying the disability weight by the symptomatic proportion of the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Because we did not estimate years of life lost associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) equalled YLDs. The final estimates were compared across Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles. The 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were estimated as the 25th and 975th of 1000 ordered draws from a bootstrap distribution. Findings: Globally, there were 94·0 million (95% UI 73·2 to 118) prevalent cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia in 2019, compared with 51·1 million (43·1 to 69·3) cases in 2000. The age-standardised prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia was 2480 (1940 to 3090) per 100 000 people. Although the global number of prevalent cases increased by 70·5% (68·6 to 72·7) between 2000 and 2019, the global age-standardised prevalence remained stable (–0·770% [–1·56 to 0·0912]). The age-standardised prevalence in 2019 ranged from 6480 (5130 to 8080) per 100 000 in eastern Europe to 987 (732 to 1320) per 100 000 in north Africa and the Middle East. All five SDI quintiles observed an increase in the absolute DALY burden between 2000 and 2019. The most rapid increases in the absolute DALY burden were seen in the middle SDI quintile (94·7% [91·8 to 97·6]), the low-middle SDI quintile (77·3% [74·1 to 81·2]), and the low SDI quintile (77·7% [72·9 to 83·2]). Between 2000 and 2019, age-standardised DALY rates changed less, but the three lower SDI quintiles (low, low-middle, and middle) saw small increases, and the two higher SDI quintiles (high and high-middle SDI) saw small decreases. Interpretation: The absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is rising at an alarming rate in most of the world, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries that are currently undergoing rapid demographic and epidemiological changes. As more people are living longer worldwide, the absolute burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia is expected to continue to rise in the coming years, highlighting the importance of monitoring and planning for future health system strain. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Translation: For the Amharic translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

@article{
 title = {The Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors in North Africa and the Middle East, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
 id = {4ac09be9-63a7-38f3-92f4-7cc5e21919be},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.146Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.371Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi and Khanali, Javad and Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa and Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi and Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza and Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba and Rezaei, Negar and Shobeiri, Parnian and Esfahani, Zahra and Rezaei, Nazila and Mokdad, Ali and Naghavi, Mohsen and Larijani, Bagher and Farzadfar, Farshad},
 doi = {10.2139/ssrn.4278537},
 journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal}
}

@article{
 title = {Evaluation of the virtual learning environment by school students and their parents in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic after school closure},
 type = {article},
 year = {2022},
 pages = {e0275397},
 volume = {17},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA},
 id = {f2fa07cb-a06c-334a-8ccc-99e22c23e01f},
 created = {2023-09-09T20:26:20.234Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2023-09-09T20:30:18.207Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background Very few previous studies have involved school students or their parents in the evaluation of virtual learning environment (VLE). Thus, this survey was performed to evaluate the satisfaction of both school students and their parents with the VLE in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed online for VLE evaluation. The questionnaire was based on previous studies and expert opinions from validated instruments for assessing distance education, integrative and literature reviews of VLE environment. A median value >3 indicated participant satisfaction in each of the 5 domains of the questionnaire as well as overall VLE satisfaction. The used questionnaire was checked after its implementation by all possible statistical means and it was found to be of acceptable validity and reliability. Results Six hundred and ninety-three participants including 571 Saudi citizens and 122 non-Saudi residents participated in this survey. The number of school students who agreed or strongly agreed were significantly lower than the number of students who disagreed or strongly disagreed with preferring the VLE over traditional education (p<0.001). The participants evaluated the VLE experience as unsatisfactory with a median value ≤3 for 4 out of 5 questionnaire domains with an overall satisfaction value of 2.8. Among the 117 participants who gave further written opinions/comments, 42(35.9%) participants supported the VLE as an alternative to traditional classrooms, if equipment and internet are made available and for the safety of their children. Conclusions This is one of few available adequate population-based studies for exploring the VLE satisfaction of both Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents school students and their parents. This study showed the participants’ unsatisfactory VLE experience. The VLE is accepted as an alternative to traditional classrooms to keep up with learning and to maintain the safety of children and it can be a supplementary learning method but many measures are still needed to develop the VLE.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hegazi, Moustafa Abdelaal and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Sayed, Mohamed Hesham and Zubairi, Nadeem Alam and Alahmadi, Turki Saad and El-Baz, Mohamed Saad and Atwah, Ali Fahd and Altuwiriqi, Mohammad Ahmed and Saeedi, Fajr Adel and Abdulhaq, Nada Mansour and Almurashi, Saleh Huwidi},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0275397},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {11 November}
}

Background Very few previous studies have involved school students or their parents in the evaluation of virtual learning environment (VLE). Thus, this survey was performed to evaluate the satisfaction of both school students and their parents with the VLE in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was distributed online for VLE evaluation. The questionnaire was based on previous studies and expert opinions from validated instruments for assessing distance education, integrative and literature reviews of VLE environment. A median value >3 indicated participant satisfaction in each of the 5 domains of the questionnaire as well as overall VLE satisfaction. The used questionnaire was checked after its implementation by all possible statistical means and it was found to be of acceptable validity and reliability. Results Six hundred and ninety-three participants including 571 Saudi citizens and 122 non-Saudi residents participated in this survey. The number of school students who agreed or strongly agreed were significantly lower than the number of students who disagreed or strongly disagreed with preferring the VLE over traditional education (p<0.001). The participants evaluated the VLE experience as unsatisfactory with a median value ≤3 for 4 out of 5 questionnaire domains with an overall satisfaction value of 2.8. Among the 117 participants who gave further written opinions/comments, 42(35.9%) participants supported the VLE as an alternative to traditional classrooms, if equipment and internet are made available and for the safety of their children. Conclusions This is one of few available adequate population-based studies for exploring the VLE satisfaction of both Saudi citizens and non-Saudi residents school students and their parents. This study showed the participants’ unsatisfactory VLE experience. The VLE is accepted as an alternative to traditional classrooms to keep up with learning and to maintain the safety of children and it can be a supplementary learning method but many measures are still needed to develop the VLE.

@article{
 title = {Bibliometric Analysis of Statistics Journals Indexed in Web of Science Under Emerging Source Citation Index},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {ESCI and journals,Web of Science,bibliometrics,statistics and probability},
 pages = {215824402098887},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2158244020988870},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {SAGE PublicationsSage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
 day = {29},
 id = {cfdf64a7-dd09-3d2a-a3f9-5d641516b96c},
 created = {2021-01-30T18:43:34.636Z},
 accessed = {2021-01-30},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-11-11T19:41:45.213Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Butt2021},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Over the last few decades, statistics and probability became an integral part of major research areas with continuously increasing demand. This article aimed for bibliometric analysis of journals indexed in the category of “Statistics and Probability” under Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) of Web of Science (WoS) (2015–2019). After data extraction from WoS, the bibliometric analysis at source, author, and document levels was performed using “Bibliometrix” R-package. Out of 38 journals indexed in ESCI, 32 that fulfilled the criteria were selected. In total, 4,294 documents were retrieved and analyzed by various bibliometric metrices, and appropriate data presentation tools were planned. Sixteen countries were found as origin of sources, mainly from USA and India while 10 countries had one journal each. Among journals, Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems and Advances and Applications in Statistics contributed the most. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems, and Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research showed leading impact indices. Total number of authors were 6,374. Only one document was cited more than 100 times. Countries collaboration network showed three main groups with minor overlap. Two clusters of keywords namely survey sampling and distribution theory were found. Overall, a consistent publication production trend was observed. Countries with relatively higher impact journals were USA, India, and Pakistan. Total citations and average citations showed dominance of developed countries. Study findings can benefit researchers and other stakeholders of the study subject to plan with better informed decisions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 doi = {10.1177/2158244020988870},
 journal = {SAGE Open},
 number = {1}
}

Over the last few decades, statistics and probability became an integral part of major research areas with continuously increasing demand. This article aimed for bibliometric analysis of journals indexed in the category of “Statistics and Probability” under Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) of Web of Science (WoS) (2015–2019). After data extraction from WoS, the bibliometric analysis at source, author, and document levels was performed using “Bibliometrix” R-package. Out of 38 journals indexed in ESCI, 32 that fulfilled the criteria were selected. In total, 4,294 documents were retrieved and analyzed by various bibliometric metrices, and appropriate data presentation tools were planned. Sixteen countries were found as origin of sources, mainly from USA and India while 10 countries had one journal each. Among journals, Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems and Advances and Applications in Statistics contributed the most. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems, and Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research showed leading impact indices. Total number of authors were 6,374. Only one document was cited more than 100 times. Countries collaboration network showed three main groups with minor overlap. Two clusters of keywords namely survey sampling and distribution theory were found. Overall, a consistent publication production trend was observed. Countries with relatively higher impact journals were USA, India, and Pakistan. Total citations and average citations showed dominance of developed countries. Study findings can benefit researchers and other stakeholders of the study subject to plan with better informed decisions.

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 title = {Bibliomining and Comparison of Q4 and ESCI Indexed journals under Statistics and Probability Category},
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 abstract = {The field of ‘Statistics and Probability’ has expanded its scope over the last few decades and have become an integral part of many fields with continuously increasing demand. This manuscript aimed for at a bibliometric analysis and comparison of all published documents during 2015 – 2019, from journals in the study topic category of ‘Statistics and Probability’ for Q4 Impact Factor (IF) journals and Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) of Web of Science (WoS). Sources with incomplete data for study timeframe were excluded and 31 sources from Q4 IF and 32 from ESCI journals were selected yielding 12808 and 4294 documents respectively. After data extraction from WoS, the bibliometric analysis at; source, author and document levels, were performed using “Bibliometrix” R-package. Q4-IF sources produced around 3 times more documents than ESCI sources. Articles were the main document type for both categories. China and USA were leading countries for Q4-IF while India, USA and Korea were dominant among ESCI documents. Two authors, namely, ‘Cordeiro GM’ and ‘Alizadeh M’ were among the 10 most productive authors in both categories. Sources “Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods” and “Korean Journal of Applied Statistics” were leading contributors for Q4-IF and ESCI category respectively. For both categories, mainly similar trends were observed for keywords and topic coverage. In both Q4-IF and ESCI journals ‘Maximum likelihood’ and ‘Ordered statistics’ were observed to be most predominant keywords. A consistent publication trend with few similarities was observed in terms of documents production over the years for these two categories.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v17i1.3243},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research}
}

The field of ‘Statistics and Probability’ has expanded its scope over the last few decades and have become an integral part of many fields with continuously increasing demand. This manuscript aimed for at a bibliometric analysis and comparison of all published documents during 2015 – 2019, from journals in the study topic category of ‘Statistics and Probability’ for Q4 Impact Factor (IF) journals and Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) of Web of Science (WoS). Sources with incomplete data for study timeframe were excluded and 31 sources from Q4 IF and 32 from ESCI journals were selected yielding 12808 and 4294 documents respectively. After data extraction from WoS, the bibliometric analysis at; source, author and document levels, were performed using “Bibliometrix” R-package. Q4-IF sources produced around 3 times more documents than ESCI sources. Articles were the main document type for both categories. China and USA were leading countries for Q4-IF while India, USA and Korea were dominant among ESCI documents. Two authors, namely, ‘Cordeiro GM’ and ‘Alizadeh M’ were among the 10 most productive authors in both categories. Sources “Communications in Statistics-Theory and Methods” and “Korean Journal of Applied Statistics” were leading contributors for Q4-IF and ESCI category respectively. For both categories, mainly similar trends were observed for keywords and topic coverage. In both Q4-IF and ESCI journals ‘Maximum likelihood’ and ‘Ordered statistics’ were observed to be most predominant keywords. A consistent publication trend with few similarities was observed in terms of documents production over the years for these two categories.

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@article{
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@article{
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@article{
 title = {Exacerbation Rate in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis and Its Predictors},
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@article{
 title = {Prognostic value of TP53 expression and MGMT methylation in glioblastoma patients treated with temozolomide combined with other chemotherapies},
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 title = {Awareness and Prevalence of Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease in Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Community Perspective},
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@article{
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@article{
 title = {Exacerbation Rate in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis and Its Predictors},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 keywords = {Exacerbation,Immunosuppressant,Incidence,Myasthenia gravis,Predictors,Prednisone},
 pages = {599-604},
 volume = {83},
 websites = {https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/512077},
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 abstract = {<p>&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The aim of the study was to estimate the exacerbation incidence rate (IR) in acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR)-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) and its predictors. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The primary outcome in this retrospective study was to estimate moderate-to-severe (M-S) exacerbations IR in the early course of generalized MG. The secondary outcome was to explore the predictors of MG exacerbations. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Between 1999 and 2015, we identified 78 AChR-positive generalized MG patients and 37 M-S exacerbations over the first 6 years following the onset of generalized MG symptoms. The M-S exacerbation IR was 12.2 per 100 person years (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.8–16.8). Any exacerbation (including mild) IR was 24.4 per 100 person years (95% CI 19.4–30.7). After controlling for confounding factors, MG exacerbation IR predictors included gender, disease severity at onset, and prednisone dose reduction with risk ratio of 0.34 (male gender), 2.67, and 20.8, respectively (all &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; values &amp;#x3c;0.05). M-S exacerbation occurred in 25 cases (32.1%), while any exacerbation (mild or M-S) was detected in 45 cases (57.7%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; More than half of newly diagnosed AChR + MG cases experience an exacerbation in the first 6 years. Gender, disease severity at onset and prednisone dose reduction are predictors that could inform clinical practice and future research.</p>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abuzinadah, Ahmad R. and Alanazy, Mohammed H. and Butt, Nadeem S. and Barohn, Richard J. and Dimachkie, Mazen M.},
 doi = {10.1159/000512077},
 journal = {European Neurology},
 number = {6}
}

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to estimate the exacerbation incidence rate (IR) in acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR)-positive generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) and its predictors. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The primary outcome in this retrospective study was to estimate moderate-to-severe (M-S) exacerbations IR in the early course of generalized MG. The secondary outcome was to explore the predictors of MG exacerbations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Between 1999 and 2015, we identified 78 AChR-positive generalized MG patients and 37 M-S exacerbations over the first 6 years following the onset of generalized MG symptoms. The M-S exacerbation IR was 12.2 per 100 person years (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.8–16.8). Any exacerbation (including mild) IR was 24.4 per 100 person years (95% CI 19.4–30.7). After controlling for confounding factors, MG exacerbation IR predictors included gender, disease severity at onset, and prednisone dose reduction with risk ratio of 0.34 (male gender), 2.67, and 20.8, respectively (all <i>p</i> values &#x3c;0.05). M-S exacerbation occurred in 25 cases (32.1%), while any exacerbation (mild or M-S) was detected in 45 cases (57.7%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> More than half of newly diagnosed AChR + MG cases experience an exacerbation in the first 6 years. Gender, disease severity at onset and prednisone dose reduction are predictors that could inform clinical practice and future research.

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@article{
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 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
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 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Al-Najmi, Yahya Abdulrahman and Subki, Ahmed Hussein and Alzaidi, Nazih Suwalih and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alsammahi, Alaa Abdulhamid and Madani, Firas Mohamed and Alsallum, Mohammed Saad and Al-Harbi, Rakan Salah and Alhibshi, Nizar Mohammed},
 journal = {International Journal of General Medicine}
}

@article{
 title = {The Impact of IDH1 Mutation and MGMT Promoter Methylation on Recurrence-Free Interval in Glioblastoma Patients Treated With Radiotherapy and Chemotherapeutic Agents},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 volume = {27},
 publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},
 id = {675553fc-bb4f-3cfb-b55f-d6062c7cd7ec},
 created = {2022-01-02T16:36:32.878Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-02-11T11:41:45.634Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {kurdi2021impact},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kurdi, Maher and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Baeesa, Saleh and Alghamdi, Badrah and Maghrabi, Yazid and Bardeesi, Anas and Saeedi, Rothaina and Al-Sinani, Taghreed and Alghanmi, Najla and Bari, Mohammed O and others, undefined},
 journal = {Pathology and Oncology Research}
}

@article{
 title = {The Type I Quasi Lambert Family},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {545-558},
 volume = {17},
 id = {b90da4d3-4e44-365f-8006-d830256b11e3},
 created = {2022-01-02T16:36:32.945Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-11-11T19:41:45.098Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {HamedaniKorkmazM.C.ButtN.S.&YousofH.M.2021},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hamedani  Korkmaz, M. C., Butt, N. S., & Yousof, H. M., G G},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

@article{
 title = {How Relevant is Obstetrician and Gynecologist Gender to Women in Saudi Arabia?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {919},
 volume = {13},
 publisher = {Dove Press},
 id = {e5078065-54db-3552-8cbb-9a73227a7e55},
 created = {2022-01-02T16:36:33.230Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-02-11T11:41:47.008Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {subki2021relevant},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Subki, Ahmed Hussein and Agabawi, Abdullah Khaled and Hindi, Muhab Mohammed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alsallum, Mohammed Saad and Alghamdi, Rawan Ali and Subki, Siham Hussein and Alsallum, Fahad and Alharbi, Abdulaziz Ahmed and Lodhi, Yousif Ibrahim and others, undefined},
 journal = {International journal of women's health}
}

@article{
 title = {Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 id = {4b68ad00-5cda-38a4-8cfb-582a6157b692},
 created = {2022-02-11T11:41:38.640Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-11-11T19:41:45.310Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Kocarnik2021},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kocarnik, Jonathan M and Compton, Kelly and Dean, Frances E and Fu, Weijia and Gaw, Brian L and Harvey, James D and Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline and Lu, Dan and Pennini, Alyssa and Xu, Rixing},
 journal = {JAMA oncology}
}

@article{
 title = {Can oligodendrocyte transcriptional factor-2 (Olig2) be used as an alternative for 1p/19q co-deletions to distinguish oligodendrogliomas from other glial neoplasms?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {350-358},
 volume = {59},
 publisher = {Termedia},
 id = {4c4cb9cb-4723-3e15-9463-16ba73629860},
 created = {2022-02-11T11:41:38.998Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-11-11T19:41:45.317Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Kurdi2021a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kurdi, Maher and Alkhatabi, Heba and Butt, Nadeem and Albayjani, Hameedah and Aljhdali, Hessa and Mohamed, Fawaz and Alsinani, Taghreed and Baeesa, Saleh and Almuhaini, Eman and Al-Ghafari, Ayat},
 journal = {Folia Neuropathologica},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {The Assessment of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class-I Expression in Different Neuromuscular Diseases},
 type = {article},
 year = {2021},
 pages = {61},
 volume = {11},
 publisher = {Dove Press},
 id = {866ac364-5392-3323-815c-8f69bd367aa3},
 created = {2022-02-11T11:41:39.406Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-11-11T19:41:45.327Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Kurdi2021},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {6fdaeed4-e99e-439a-bbea-44c55d8166f2},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Kurdi, Maher and Alshareef, Aysha and Bamaga, Ahmed K and Fadel, Zahir T and Alrawaili, Moafaq S and Hakamy, Sahar and Mohamed, Fawaz and Abuzinadah, Ahmad R and Addas, Bassam M J and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 journal = {Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease}
}

@article{
 title = {The modified kumaraswamy weibull distribution: Properties and applications in reliability and engineering sciences},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Alpha power family,Kumaraswamy family,Maximum likelihood estimation,Weibull distribution},
 pages = {433-446},
 volume = {16},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v16i3.3306},
 publisher = {University of the Punjab},
 id = {d7b2fcb2-2b00-3ad4-bf41-2ed4ad9e9aa8},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:41.632Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:32:13.116Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mead2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We introduce the Kumaraswamy alpha power-G (KAP-G) family which extends the alpha power family (Mahdavi and Kundu, 2017) and some other families. We consider the Weibull as baseline for the KAP family and generate Kumaraswamy alpha power Weibull distribution which has right-skewed, left-skewed, symmetrical, and reversed-J shaped densities, and decreasing, increasing, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, increasing-decreasing-increasing, J shaped and reversed-J shaped hazard rates. The proposed distribution can model non-monotone and monotone failure rates which are quite common in engineering and reliability studies. Some basic mathematical properties of the new model are derived. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to evaluate the parameters and the observed information matrix is determined. The performance and flexibility of the proposed family is illustrated via two real data applications.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mead, Mohamed E. and Afify, Ahmed Z. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v16i3.3306},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

We introduce the Kumaraswamy alpha power-G (KAP-G) family which extends the alpha power family (Mahdavi and Kundu, 2017) and some other families. We consider the Weibull as baseline for the KAP family and generate Kumaraswamy alpha power Weibull distribution which has right-skewed, left-skewed, symmetrical, and reversed-J shaped densities, and decreasing, increasing, bathtub, upside-down bathtub, increasing-decreasing-increasing, J shaped and reversed-J shaped hazard rates. The proposed distribution can model non-monotone and monotone failure rates which are quite common in engineering and reliability studies. Some basic mathematical properties of the new model are derived. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to evaluate the parameters and the observed information matrix is determined. The performance and flexibility of the proposed family is illustrated via two real data applications.

@article{
 title = {Echocardiographic and clinical correlates of ejection fraction among 2000 patients with heart failure in Western Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Echocardiography,Ejection fraction,HFmrEF,HFpEF,HFrEF,Heart failure,Saudi Arabia},
 pages = {281-288},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {https://www.dovepress.com/echocardiographic-and-clinical-correlates-of-ejection-fraction-among-2-peer-reviewed-article-IJGM},
 publisher = {Dove Medical Press Ltd.},
 id = {54e69bc7-fb15-3486-b817-5aa1368c2394},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:41.642Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:32:02.432Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Subki2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects about 320,000 Saudi individuals and is associated with a considerable negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. In literature, there is a lack of data about the echocardiographic abnormalities of HF patients in Saudi Arabia. Aim of Work: To describe the echocardiographic findings of HF patients in Western Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a retrospective record review study conducted on 2000 patients with chronic HF in Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and compared among patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ie, EF≤40%; HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), ie, EF=41–49%; and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), ie, EF≥50%. Results: Among the 2000 patients studied, females constituted 46.3% of the sample. About 52% of females had HFpEF, whilst 70% of males had HFrEF (p<0.0001). Diastolic dysfunction occurred in 98% of HFpEF versus 78% of HFrEF (p<0.0001). Patients with HFrEF had higher left-ventricular diastolic (LVd) volume (1536 versus 826), higher left-ventricular systolic (LVs) volume (1660 vs 772), higher left atrial volume (1344 vs 875), higher aortic root dimension (1144 vs 929) and lower fractional shortening (FS) (267 vs 1213) than patients with HFpEF (p<0.0001). Conclusion: HFpEF was more common among females and was associated with higher rates of diastolic dysfunction and higher FS. HFrEF was prevalent among males and associated with higher LVd, LVs, left atrium volume and aortic root dimensions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Subki, Ahmed Hussein and Almalki, Mohammed Ali and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alsallum, Mohammed Saad and Almutairi, Hatim Mashan and Khatib, Hazim Abdulkarim and Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Mousa and Babaker, Abdullah Salem and Addas, Firas Abdulrahman and Mashat, Abdullah Abdulfattah and Jad, Ammar Yasser and Zafar, Zohair Abdulwahab and Nogali, Baraa Waleed and Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Abdulsalam and Alghamdi, Nasser Adel and Dakhakhni, Mohanad Fahad and Asaad, Omar Tamer and Alghalayini, Kamal Waheeb},
 doi = {10.2147/IJGM.S251924},
 journal = {International Journal of General Medicine}
}

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects about 320,000 Saudi individuals and is associated with a considerable negative impact on the patients’ quality of life. In literature, there is a lack of data about the echocardiographic abnormalities of HF patients in Saudi Arabia. Aim of Work: To describe the echocardiographic findings of HF patients in Western Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a retrospective record review study conducted on 2000 patients with chronic HF in Saudi Arabia. Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and compared among patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ie, EF≤40%; HF with mid-range EF (HFmrEF), ie, EF=41–49%; and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), ie, EF≥50%. Results: Among the 2000 patients studied, females constituted 46.3% of the sample. About 52% of females had HFpEF, whilst 70% of males had HFrEF (p<0.0001). Diastolic dysfunction occurred in 98% of HFpEF versus 78% of HFrEF (p<0.0001). Patients with HFrEF had higher left-ventricular diastolic (LVd) volume (1536 versus 826), higher left-ventricular systolic (LVs) volume (1660 vs 772), higher left atrial volume (1344 vs 875), higher aortic root dimension (1144 vs 929) and lower fractional shortening (FS) (267 vs 1213) than patients with HFpEF (p<0.0001). Conclusion: HFpEF was more common among females and was associated with higher rates of diastolic dysfunction and higher FS. HFrEF was prevalent among males and associated with higher LVd, LVs, left atrium volume and aortic root dimensions.

@article{
 title = {A generalization of reciprocal exponential model: Clayton copula, statistical properties and modeling skewed and symmetric real data sets},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Clayton copula,Estimation,Morgenstern family moments,Odd log-logistic family,Reciprocal exponential distribution,Simulations},
 pages = {373-386},
 volume = {16},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v16i2.3298},
 publisher = {University of the Punjab},
 id = {a3ebbcaf-56d6-3605-8277-f4504396e4c3},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:41.814Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:32:24.724Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mansour2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We introduce a new extension of the reciprocal Exponential distribution for modeling the extreme values. We used the Morgenstern family and the clayton copula for deriving many bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new model. Some of its properties are derived. We assessed the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) via a graphical simulation study. The assessment was based on the sample size. The new reciprocal model is employed for modeling the skewed and the symmetric real data sets. The new reciprocal model is better than some other important competitive models in statistical modeling.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mansour, M. M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Yousof, Haitham M. and Ansari, S. I. and Ibrahim, Mohamed},
 doi = {10.18187/PJSOR.V16I2.3298},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

We introduce a new extension of the reciprocal Exponential distribution for modeling the extreme values. We used the Morgenstern family and the clayton copula for deriving many bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new model. Some of its properties are derived. We assessed the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) via a graphical simulation study. The assessment was based on the sample size. The new reciprocal model is employed for modeling the skewed and the symmetric real data sets. The new reciprocal model is better than some other important competitive models in statistical modeling.

@article{
 title = {A new log-logistic lifetime model with mathematical properties, copula, modified goodness-of-fit test for validation and real data modeling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Bagdonavičius-nikulin,Barzilai-borwein,Burr XII distribution,Censored maximum likelihood,Censored validation,Clayton copula,Farlie-gumbel-morgenstern,Log-logistic distribution},
 pages = {1508},
 volume = {8},
 websites = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/8/9/1508},
 publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
 id = {33c0cc21-89b0-3134-9fcc-9b4a7b3dad4d},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:41.869Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:32:46.090Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mansour2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {After defining a new log-logistic model and studying its properties, some new bivariate type versions using "Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Copula", "modified Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Copula", "Clayton Copula", and "Renyi's entropy Copula" are derived. Then, using the Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit (BN-GOF) test for validation, we proposed a goodness-of-fit test for a new log-logistic model. The modified test is applied for the "right censored" real dataset of survival times. All elements of the modified test are explicitly derived and given. Three real data applications are presented for measuring the flexibility and the importance of the new model under the uncensored scheme. Two other real datasets are analyzed for censored validation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mansour, Mahmoud M. and Ibrahim, Mohamed and Aidi, Khaoula and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ali, Mir Masoom and Yousof, Haitham M. and Hamed, Mohamed S.},
 doi = {10.3390/math8091508},
 journal = {Mathematics},
 number = {9}
}

After defining a new log-logistic model and studying its properties, some new bivariate type versions using "Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Copula", "modified Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern Copula", "Clayton Copula", and "Renyi's entropy Copula" are derived. Then, using the Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit (BN-GOF) test for validation, we proposed a goodness-of-fit test for a new log-logistic model. The modified test is applied for the "right censored" real dataset of survival times. All elements of the modified test are explicitly derived and given. Three real data applications are presented for measuring the flexibility and the importance of the new model under the uncensored scheme. Two other real datasets are analyzed for censored validation.

@article{
 title = {Risk factors and predictors of severe dengue in Saudi population in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {613-621},
 volume = {102},
 websites = {http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0650},
 publisher = {American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},
 id = {5a93c4e1-4863-3c2b-b852-79396feda5fc},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:41.955Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:31:14.125Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hegazi2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study was performed to determine the risk factors and predictors of severe dengue fever (SDF) in Saudi population in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia. This 7-year retrospective study included children and adults with confirmed dengue from 2010 to 2016. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, serological, and virologic data were collected. Comparative analyses were performed between pediatric and adult SDF cases defined according to the WHO 2009 dengue classification. During the study period, dengue was confirmed in 17,646 cases with predominant infection of adults (6.5 times that of children) and males (3.8 times that of females). May and June were associated with 43.9% of total dengue cases. All 56 pediatric and 187 adult SDF cases were hospitalized. At least one warning sign of severe illness was present in 92.2% of total SDF cases. Mortality rates were 8.9% and 10.7% of pediatric and adult SDF cases, respectively. Multiple logistic regression detected that the most significant risk factors and predictors of SDF in adults versus children were significantly more secondary dengue infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.09-4.44, P = 0.02), significantly less clinical fluid accumulation (AOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07-0.44, P < 0.001) and significantly less neutropenia (AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.97, P = 0.04). This was the first large multicenter study evaluating SDF in Saudi population and considering the WHO 2009 dengue classification, which showed predominant infection of adults and males with dengue, few SDF cases with low mortality and highlighted predictors of SDF in adults versus children. Consideration of warning signs for severe dengue may result in hospital admission, prompting closer monitoring, timely and proper interventions and reduced mortality in SDF cases.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hegazi, Moustafa A. and Bakarman, Marwan A. and Alahmadi, Turki S. and Butt, Nadeem S. and Alqahtani, Ahmed M. and Aljedaani, Badr S. and Almajnuni, Abdulrahman H.},
 doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.19-0650},
 journal = {American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},
 number = {3}
}

This study was performed to determine the risk factors and predictors of severe dengue fever (SDF) in Saudi population in Jeddah, Western Saudi Arabia. This 7-year retrospective study included children and adults with confirmed dengue from 2010 to 2016. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, serological, and virologic data were collected. Comparative analyses were performed between pediatric and adult SDF cases defined according to the WHO 2009 dengue classification. During the study period, dengue was confirmed in 17,646 cases with predominant infection of adults (6.5 times that of children) and males (3.8 times that of females). May and June were associated with 43.9% of total dengue cases. All 56 pediatric and 187 adult SDF cases were hospitalized. At least one warning sign of severe illness was present in 92.2% of total SDF cases. Mortality rates were 8.9% and 10.7% of pediatric and adult SDF cases, respectively. Multiple logistic regression detected that the most significant risk factors and predictors of SDF in adults versus children were significantly more secondary dengue infection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.09-4.44, P = 0.02), significantly less clinical fluid accumulation (AOR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07-0.44, P < 0.001) and significantly less neutropenia (AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17-0.97, P = 0.04). This was the first large multicenter study evaluating SDF in Saudi population and considering the WHO 2009 dengue classification, which showed predominant infection of adults and males with dengue, few SDF cases with low mortality and highlighted predictors of SDF in adults versus children. Consideration of warning signs for severe dengue may result in hospital admission, prompting closer monitoring, timely and proper interventions and reduced mortality in SDF cases.

@article{
 title = {Odd generalized N-H generated family of distributions with application to exponential model},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Maximum likelihood method,N-H distribution,Order statistics},
 pages = {53-71},
 volume = {16},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v16i1.2295},
 publisher = {University of the Punjab},
 id = {c6d6351f-3606-3585-88d9-1a3c6ea70900},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:41.969Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:31:30.546Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Ahmad2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new family of distributions called the odd generalized N-H is introduced and studied. Four new special models are presented. Some mathematical properties of the odd generalized N-H family are studied. Explicit expressions for the moments, probability weighted, quantile function, mean deviation, order statistics and Rényi entropy are investigated. Characterizations based on the truncated moments, hazard function and conditional expectations are presented for the generated family. Parameter estimates of the family are obtained based on maximum likelihood procedure. Two real data sets are employed to show the usefulness of the new family.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ahmad, Zubair and Elgarhy, M. and Hamedani, G. G. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/PJSOR.V16I1.2295},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

A new family of distributions called the odd generalized N-H is introduced and studied. Four new special models are presented. Some mathematical properties of the odd generalized N-H family are studied. Explicit expressions for the moments, probability weighted, quantile function, mean deviation, order statistics and Rényi entropy are investigated. Characterizations based on the truncated moments, hazard function and conditional expectations are presented for the generated family. Parameter estimates of the family are obtained based on maximum likelihood procedure. Two real data sets are employed to show the usefulness of the new family.

@article{
 title = {Characterizations of discrete weibull distributions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Characterizations,Discrete Modified Weibull distribution,Discrete Reduced Modified Weibull distribution,Discrete Weibull distribution},
 pages = {599-607},
 volume = {16},
 websites = {http://dx.doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v16i3.3464},
 publisher = {University of the Punjab},
 id = {3d53d189-8437-3b1d-b8a0-2248315dd104},
 created = {2020-09-18T14:18:42.107Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:31:19.486Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hamedani2020},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Seven versions of the discrete Weibull distribution are characterized via conditional expectation of function of the random variable as well as based on the hazard or reverse hazard function.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hamedani, G. G. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v16i3.3464},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

Seven versions of the discrete Weibull distribution are characterized via conditional expectation of function of the random variable as well as based on the hazard or reverse hazard function.

@article{
 title = {The four-parameter Frechet distribution: Properties and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Fréchet distribution,Maximum likelihood estimation,Odd lomax-G class,Order statistics},
 pages = {249-264},
 volume = {16},
 id = {e848b77a-ba96-3bc3-8788-6bb9c59c0a91},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:45.059Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-09T11:50:39.169Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yousof2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this article, we propose a new four-parameter Frechet distribution called the odd Lomax Frechet distribution. The new model can be expressed as a linear mixture of Frechet densities. We provide some of its mathematical properties. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by the maximum likelihood method. We illustrate the good performance of the maximum likelihood estimates via a detailed numerical simulation study. The importance and usefulness of the proposed distribution for modeling data are illustrated using two real data applications.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hamed, M. S. and Aldossary, Fahad and Afify, Ahmed Z.},
 doi = {10.18187/PJSOR.V16I2.3097},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

In this article, we propose a new four-parameter Frechet distribution called the odd Lomax Frechet distribution. The new model can be expressed as a linear mixture of Frechet densities. We provide some of its mathematical properties. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by the maximum likelihood method. We illustrate the good performance of the maximum likelihood estimates via a detailed numerical simulation study. The importance and usefulness of the proposed distribution for modeling data are illustrated using two real data applications.

@article{
 title = {A Scientometric Analysis on Coronaviruses Research (1900-2020): Time for a continuous, cooperative and global approach},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 websites = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1876034120307644},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 day = {19},
 id = {9f2cd84a-9b3a-3883-afb7-b05bc7f4b13a},
 created = {2020-12-25T13:59:52.322Z},
 accessed = {2020-12-25},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2022-01-02T16:26:22.684Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Malik2020},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Ahmad Azam and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Bashir, Mohammad Abid and Gilani, Syed Amir},
 doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.008},
 journal = {Journal of Infection and Public Health}
}

@article{
 title = {Evaluation of type 2 diabetes management in jeddah, saudi arabia: A primary care physician’s perspective},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Attitude,Disease management,Primary care physicians,Type 2 diabetes mellitus},
 pages = {273-278},
 volume = {22},
 websites = {https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2020.100429},
 publisher = {Termedia},
 id = {7aa365e2-32b3-3111-ab79-af6cfd6ea101},
 created = {2021-01-20T10:20:34.335Z},
 accessed = {2021-01-20},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:20:28.060Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Anwer2020},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background. Primary care physicians with an inadequate attitude and practics in managing diabetes may have a detrimen-tal effect on the diabetic patients treated by them. These deficiencies need to be identified so that corrective measures can be planned. Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the attitude and practices of primary health care physicians of Jeddah City in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted among primary care physicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A validated and pretested questionnaire was randomly distributed among physicians working in most of the primary healthcare centers for data collection. Formal ethical approval and informed consent from participants was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained. Results. A total of 225 PCPs working in PHCs of Jeddah participated in the study. 143 of them were male, and most were in the age group of 31 to 40 years. 83 PCPs had work experience of 10–14 years. The lowest score in the attitude section was for choice of the most important modality in DM management. DM management (48% correct answers), while in the practice section, the lowest score was for instructing patients to inject insulin at the correct angle (36% correct answers). Age, years of working experience, qualification and current designation showed a significant impact on attitude and practice. Conclusions. This study has explored several aspects of diabetes related attitude and practices and has emphasized the need for improving the treatment and education of diabetic patients through postgraduate and Continuous Medical Education programs.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Anwer, Fahad and Bakarman, Marwan Abdulrahman and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Malik, Ahmad Azam},
 doi = {10.5114/fmpcr.2020.100429},
 journal = {Family Medicine and Primary Care Review},
 number = {4}
}

Background. Primary care physicians with an inadequate attitude and practics in managing diabetes may have a detrimen-tal effect on the diabetic patients treated by them. These deficiencies need to be identified so that corrective measures can be planned. Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the attitude and practices of primary health care physicians of Jeddah City in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. This is a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted among primary care physicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A validated and pretested questionnaire was randomly distributed among physicians working in most of the primary healthcare centers for data collection. Formal ethical approval and informed consent from participants was obtained, and confidentiality was maintained. Results. A total of 225 PCPs working in PHCs of Jeddah participated in the study. 143 of them were male, and most were in the age group of 31 to 40 years. 83 PCPs had work experience of 10–14 years. The lowest score in the attitude section was for choice of the most important modality in DM management. DM management (48% correct answers), while in the practice section, the lowest score was for instructing patients to inject insulin at the correct angle (36% correct answers). Age, years of working experience, qualification and current designation showed a significant impact on attitude and practice. Conclusions. This study has explored several aspects of diabetes related attitude and practices and has emphasized the need for improving the treatment and education of diabetic patients through postgraduate and Continuous Medical Education programs.

@article{
 title = {Scientometric evaluation of research productivity on diabetes from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the last two decades (2000-2019)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {10},
 volume = {2020},
 id = {9a67bf0e-96f0-3ae6-80a2-debcb09e1a76},
 created = {2021-03-09T11:50:36.626Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:33:39.531Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pop00081},
 source_type = {article},
 user_context = {Journal article},
 notes = {Query date: 2021-03-09 14:22:05},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background and Objectives. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality with additional threats from known prevalent risk factors. Despite huge investments and increased publications, it is challenging to assess research output. Importantly, the literature on publication trends and performance evaluation is scarce from regions including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study is aimed at analyzing diabetes-related research output from KSA over the last two decades (2000-2019). Materials and Methods. Data was extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) platform and later bibliometric analysis performed using the “R-Bibliometrix” package. A wide range of indicators was explored to measure the quantity and quality of the publications related to diabetes from KSA. Results. Saudi Arabia was 28th in rank with 2600 documents (0.83% of global share). Articles were the main document type (76%). The total number of authors was 9715 from 104 countries. Three authors showed >50 publications and >100 total citations while 2 authors showed an H-index of ≥20. The USA, UK, and Egypt were other leading contributive countries in terms of corresponding authors and total citations per country. King Saud University was the major contributing affiliation followed by King Abdulaziz University. Among 865 sources, Saudi Medical Journal was the leading and consistent source over the years. Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, and Type 2 Diabetes were the most frequently used keywords. Conclusion. This study provides a macroscopic overview of diabetes-related research output from KSA. Overall, similar identifications and trends of top authors were observed in terms of productivity, impact, international collaborations, and organizational affiliations. Generally, an increasing productivity trend was observed with the majority published in the last 5 to 10 years. Study findings can benefit relevant stakeholders to better understand the trends and performance of diabetes-related regional research.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Zubairi, Nadeem Alam and Malik, Ahmad Azam},
 doi = {10.1155/2020/1514282},
 journal = {Journal of Diabetes Research}
}

Background and Objectives. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality with additional threats from known prevalent risk factors. Despite huge investments and increased publications, it is challenging to assess research output. Importantly, the literature on publication trends and performance evaluation is scarce from regions including the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study is aimed at analyzing diabetes-related research output from KSA over the last two decades (2000-2019). Materials and Methods. Data was extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) platform and later bibliometric analysis performed using the “R-Bibliometrix” package. A wide range of indicators was explored to measure the quantity and quality of the publications related to diabetes from KSA. Results. Saudi Arabia was 28th in rank with 2600 documents (0.83% of global share). Articles were the main document type (76%). The total number of authors was 9715 from 104 countries. Three authors showed >50 publications and >100 total citations while 2 authors showed an H-index of ≥20. The USA, UK, and Egypt were other leading contributive countries in terms of corresponding authors and total citations per country. King Saud University was the major contributing affiliation followed by King Abdulaziz University. Among 865 sources, Saudi Medical Journal was the leading and consistent source over the years. Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, and Type 2 Diabetes were the most frequently used keywords. Conclusion. This study provides a macroscopic overview of diabetes-related research output from KSA. Overall, similar identifications and trends of top authors were observed in terms of productivity, impact, international collaborations, and organizational affiliations. Generally, an increasing productivity trend was observed with the majority published in the last 5 to 10 years. Study findings can benefit relevant stakeholders to better understand the trends and performance of diabetes-related regional research.

@article{
 title = {A Bibliometric Study of Infectious Diseases Research in Pakistan (2000-2020): A Call for Increased Productivity | Annals of King Edward Medical University},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Bibliometrics,COMMUNICABLE diseases,COVID-19,EMERGING infectious diseases,Infectious Disease,LOW-income countries,PAKISTAN,Pakistan,SCIENTIFIC community,UNIVERSITY hospitals,Web of Science},
 pages = {206-213},
 volume = {26},
 websites = {https://www.annalskemu.org/journal/index.php/annals/article/view/3720,http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=146335309&site=ehost-live},
 id = {a35f7eb8-dad5-3428-8508-60ba312b3d50},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.779Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:30:15.524Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {AAMalikHMahmoodNSButtMBaig2020},
 source_type = {article},
 user_context = {Journal article},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>A Bibliometric Study of Infectious Diseases Research in Pakistan (2000-2020): A Call for Increased Productivity.</i> - Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mahmood, Hina; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Baig, Mukhtiar; Humayun, Ayesha)<br/></b><br/>Query date: 2021-03-09 14:22:05},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Despite numerous developments, infectious diseases remain a complex public health threat and this situation is worst in low-income countries. Pakistan has enormous rising burden of infectious diseases and is further challenged by recent COVID-19. Research trends and performance provide foundation for disease counter measures. However, limited literature from the region has explored the evolutionary process of infectious disease literature. Objective: This bibliometric study aimed to evaluate the credible literature on infectious diseases from Pakistan. Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory study. All types of publications from 2000 to 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science in the subject category of infectious diseases from Pakistan. Later, "RBibliometrix" package was used for detailed analysis using a comprehensive range of indicators. Results: Pakistan was ranked 52nd with 1298 documents from 100 sources, representing 0.38% of global share. Authors were from 117 countries led by USA and UK. Recent decade contributed 84% of documents. Articles (65.1%) were the most common publication type. Aga Khan University and Hospital were major contributors. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan was the only major funding source from Pakistan. Journal 'International Journal of Infectious Diseases' was the leading and consistent source over time. None of the local journals was found to be a major contributor. Conclusion: Contribution from Pakistan was found to be much lower than its burden of infectious diseases and expected scholarly magnitude. A prioritized response and increased productivity from research community is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Ahmad Azam and Mahmood, Hina and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Baig, Mukhtiar and Humayun, Ayesha and AA Malik, H Mahmood, NS Butt, M Baig, A Humayun},
 journal = {Annals of King Edward Medical University},
 number = {SI}
}

Background: Despite numerous developments, infectious diseases remain a complex public health threat and this situation is worst in low-income countries. Pakistan has enormous rising burden of infectious diseases and is further challenged by recent COVID-19. Research trends and performance provide foundation for disease counter measures. However, limited literature from the region has explored the evolutionary process of infectious disease literature. Objective: This bibliometric study aimed to evaluate the credible literature on infectious diseases from Pakistan. Methods: This was a descriptive exploratory study. All types of publications from 2000 to 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science in the subject category of infectious diseases from Pakistan. Later, "RBibliometrix" package was used for detailed analysis using a comprehensive range of indicators. Results: Pakistan was ranked 52nd with 1298 documents from 100 sources, representing 0.38% of global share. Authors were from 117 countries led by USA and UK. Recent decade contributed 84% of documents. Articles (65.1%) were the most common publication type. Aga Khan University and Hospital were major contributors. The Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan was the only major funding source from Pakistan. Journal 'International Journal of Infectious Diseases' was the leading and consistent source over time. None of the local journals was found to be a major contributor. Conclusion: Contribution from Pakistan was found to be much lower than its burden of infectious diseases and expected scholarly magnitude. A prioritized response and increased productivity from research community is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

@article{
 title = {A New Exponentiated Weibull Distribution’s Extension: Copula, Mathematical Properties and Applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 pages = {57-66},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {exponentiated  Weibull  distribution;  Poisson  distribution;  Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern  copulas;  Clayton  copula;  maximum  likelihood.},
 id = {11dd5924-2a80-3405-a831-e0ca9a8feefd},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.947Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:49:14.837Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pop00032},
 source_type = {article},
 user_context = {Journal article},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 1 (<i>A new exponentiated Weibull distribution's extension: copula, mathematical properties and applications</i> - Mansour, M M; Butt, N S; Ansari, S I; Yousof, H M; Ali, M M; Ibrahim, M)<br/></b><br/>Query date: 2021-03-09 14:22:05},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We introduce a new continuous distribution based on the zero truncated Poisson model which accommodates many im- portant failure rate shapes. Some of its mathematical properties are derived. The density of the new distribution can be expressed as a combination of exponentiated Weibull densities. The method of the maximum likelihood is considered to estimate the model parameters. The importance and flexibility of the proposed distribution are also demonstrated via mod- eling three data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mahmoud M. Mansour, Nadeem S. Butt, Saiful I. Ansari, Haitham M. Yousof, Mir M. Ali, Mohamed Ibrahim and Mansour, M M and Butt, N S and Ansari, S I and Yousof, H M and Ali, M M and Ibrahim, M},
 doi = {10.47443/cm.2020.0018},
 journal = {Contributions to Mathematics},
 number = {1}
}

We introduce a new continuous distribution based on the zero truncated Poisson model which accommodates many im- portant failure rate shapes. Some of its mathematical properties are derived. The density of the new distribution can be expressed as a combination of exponentiated Weibull densities. The method of the maximum likelihood is considered to estimate the model parameters. The importance and flexibility of the proposed distribution are also demonstrated via mod- eling three data sets.

@article{
 title = {A new bimodal distribution for modeling asymmetric bimodal heavy-tail real lifetime data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2020},
 keywords = {Burr-type X distribution,Hazard function,Modeling},
 pages = {1-27},
 volume = {12},
 month = {12},
 day = {11},
 id = {06684cbe-0895-3079-bb00-46764c272b77},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.874Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:45:52.862Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pop00076},
 source_type = {article},
 user_context = {Journal article},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>A new bimodal distribution for modeling asymmetric bimodal heavy-tail real lifetime data</i> - Butt, Nadeem S.; Khalil, Mohamed G.)<br/></b><br/>Query date: 2021-03-09 14:22:05},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We introduced and studied a new generalization of the Burr type X distribution. Some of its properties were derived and numerically analyzed. The new density can be “right-skewed” and symmetric with “unimodal” and many “bimodal” shapes. The new failure rate can be “increasing,” “bathtub,” “J-shape,” “decreasing,” “increasing-constant-increasing,” “reversed J-shape,” and “upside-down (reversed U-shape).” The usefulness and flexibility of the new distribution were illustrated by means of four asymmetric bimodal right-and left-heavy tail real lifetime data.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem S. and Khalil, Mohamed G.},
 doi = {10.3390/sym12122058},
 journal = {Symmetry},
 number = {12}
}

We introduced and studied a new generalization of the Burr type X distribution. Some of its properties were derived and numerically analyzed. The new density can be “right-skewed” and symmetric with “unimodal” and many “bimodal” shapes. The new failure rate can be “increasing,” “bathtub,” “J-shape,” “decreasing,” “increasing-constant-increasing,” “reversed J-shape,” and “upside-down (reversed U-shape).” The usefulness and flexibility of the new distribution were illustrated by means of four asymmetric bimodal right-and left-heavy tail real lifetime data.

@article{
 title = {The effect of an educational program on quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis in western Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 pages = {59-64},
 volume = {40},
 id = {2480295a-3685-3b26-bd26-66c14b239d7a},
 created = {2019-01-06T15:22:53.778Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2019-01-06T15:38:22.394Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Bakarman2019},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bakarman, Marwan A and Felimban, Maimona K and Atta, Mohammad M and Butt, Nadeem S},
 journal = {Saudi Medical Journal},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Assessing reliability and validity of revised biggs two-factor study process questionnaire to measure learning approaches among undergraduate medical students in Lahore, Pakistan},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Biggs study process,Learning style,Medical students,Reliability,Validity},
 pages = {337-342},
 volume = {69},
 websites = {https://www.jpma.org.pk/article-details/9072},
 id = {83770d20-7584-364e-a154-10efa4e01fb9},
 created = {2019-03-26T20:18:01.429Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:22:45.270Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Malik2019},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objective: To assess reliability and validity of Revised Biggs Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire to measure learning approaches among medical students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 15, 2014, to January 15, 2015. The 20-item Revised Biggs Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire was used to assess medical students enrolled from the first to the final year of their studies. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis was done to confirm the factor model. Results: Of the 480 students approached, 284(59.2%) completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha value was found acceptable at 0.79 and 0.72 for the deep approach and surface approach scales respectively. Comparative Fit Index value (0.858) confirmed a good fit for the model. Conclusion: Revised Biggs Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire was found to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure learning approaches among medical students.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Ahmad Azam and Khan, Rehan Ahmed and Malik, Hina Nasreen and Humayun, Ayesha and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Baig, Mukhtiar},
 journal = {Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
 number = {3}
}

Objective: To assess reliability and validity of Revised Biggs Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire to measure learning approaches among medical students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Shaikh Zayed Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 15, 2014, to January 15, 2015. The 20-item Revised Biggs Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire was used to assess medical students enrolled from the first to the final year of their studies. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, and confirmatory factor analysis was done to confirm the factor model. Results: Of the 480 students approached, 284(59.2%) completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha value was found acceptable at 0.79 and 0.72 for the deep approach and surface approach scales respectively. Comparative Fit Index value (0.858) confirmed a good fit for the model. Conclusion: Revised Biggs Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire was found to be a reliable and valid instrument to measure learning approaches among medical students.

@article{
 title = {Recent Developments in Distribution Theory: A Brief Survey and Some New Generalized Classes of distributions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Alpha power transformation,Construction of new families.,Exponentiated family,Generalized classes of distributions,Kumaraswamy family,Marshall Olkin family,Transmuted family,Zubair-G family},
 pages = {87-110},
 volume = {15},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2803},
 id = {55893d32-daba-3775-a6af-b26efa4aaf3b},
 created = {2019-03-26T20:21:23.975Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2019-03-26T20:32:56.028Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {ZubairAhmadG.G.Hamedani2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The generalization of the classical distributions is an old practice and has been considered as precious as many other practical problems in statistics. These generalizations started with the introduction of the additional location, scale or shape parameters. In the last couple of years, this branch of statistics has received a great deal of attention and quite a few new generalized class of distributions have been introduced. We present a brief survey of this branch and introduce several new families as well.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zubair A., Hamedani G. G., Butt, N. S.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v15i1.2803},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

The generalization of the classical distributions is an old practice and has been considered as precious as many other practical problems in statistics. These generalizations started with the introduction of the additional location, scale or shape parameters. In the last couple of years, this branch of statistics has received a great deal of attention and quite a few new generalized class of distributions have been introduced. We present a brief survey of this branch and introduce several new families as well.

@article{
 title = {Medical students' preferences towards learning resources and their study habits at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Medical students,Study habits,Textbooks},
 pages = {30},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-019-4052-3},
 month = {12},
 publisher = {BioMed Central},
 day = {17},
 id = {65359581-e98e-3a56-9f06-f3b241fa4197},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:45.597Z},
 accessed = {2019-01-18},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:23:15.798Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Jameel2019},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objective: The purpose of the present study was to explore why our medical students are avoiding the study of professional textbooks. We conducted this study from 10th March to 15th May 2017 at the King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, to investigate their preferences towards learning resources, their study habits and correlation of academic achievements as a result of these trends. A questionnaire was provided as a web link. The participants of the study included medical students and data was analyzed on SPSS-Version 21. Results: A total of 347/500 medical students participated in the study. Among our participants, there were 123 (35.5%) males and 224 (64.6%) were females. Female students' spent most of their time reading textbooks as compared to males (P-value = 0.001). Males mostly preferred the lecture handouts provided by their teachers. One-third of students admitted that, due to lack of a good grasp of English, they do not readily understand textbooks and consequently 67 (19.3%) students' showed a lack of interest in textbooks. Majority of the males 103 (84%) spent twice a time (66 vs. 33%) watching television as compared to the females. WhatsApp and Facebook kept both the sexes busy in most of their spare time.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jameel, Tahir and Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil and Baig, Mukhtiar and Tashkandi, Jawad Mansoor and Alharenth, Nasser Saleh and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Shafique, Ansar and Iftikhar, Rahila},
 doi = {10.1186/s13104-019-4052-3},
 journal = {BMC Research Notes},
 number = {1}
}

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to explore why our medical students are avoiding the study of professional textbooks. We conducted this study from 10th March to 15th May 2017 at the King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, to investigate their preferences towards learning resources, their study habits and correlation of academic achievements as a result of these trends. A questionnaire was provided as a web link. The participants of the study included medical students and data was analyzed on SPSS-Version 21. Results: A total of 347/500 medical students participated in the study. Among our participants, there were 123 (35.5%) males and 224 (64.6%) were females. Female students' spent most of their time reading textbooks as compared to males (P-value = 0.001). Males mostly preferred the lecture handouts provided by their teachers. One-third of students admitted that, due to lack of a good grasp of English, they do not readily understand textbooks and consequently 67 (19.3%) students' showed a lack of interest in textbooks. Majority of the males 103 (84%) spent twice a time (66 vs. 33%) watching television as compared to the females. WhatsApp and Facebook kept both the sexes busy in most of their spare time.

@article{
 title = {Prevalence, characteristics, risk factors, and impact of intestinal parasitic infections on school children in Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Intestinal parasitic infections,Jeddah,Prevalence,Risk factors,School children,intestinal parasitic infections,prevalence,risk factors,school children},
 pages = {81-87},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/jegh/125905699},
 id = {b3995316-8aeb-3f65-b1ef-f78a8e01d6e8},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.787Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:49:24.132Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {MarwanA.BakarmanMoustafaA.HegaziNadeemS.Butt2019},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs) are a major public health problem worldwide, especially among children with a need for periodical evaluation of prevalence and risk factors to adopt an appropriate prevention strategy. This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted to identify prevalence, risk factors, characteristics, and impact of IPIs on school children in different regions of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Children were recruited from randomly selected schools. Questionnaires were distributed to students and filled by their parents to collect relevant information about sociodemographic, environmental, and hygienic living conditions. Stool samples and anthropometric measurements as indicators of nutritional status were collected from students who agreed to participate in the study. Fecal samples were examined by direct smear and formol-ether concentration method. Out of 581 collected stool samples, only 31 (5.3%) samples were positive for IPIs especially Blastocystis hominis (10 samples) and Giardia lamblia (six samples). The only two significant risk factors associated with IPIs were drinking water from tanks [odds ratio (OR): 3.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–6.99, p = 0.001] and washing hands with only water (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.17–5.93, p = 0.03). There was no significant impact of IPIs on growth parameters or level of children’s academic performance.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bakarman, Marwan A. and Hegazi, Moustafa A. and Butt, Nadeem S. and Marwan A. Bakarman, Moustafa A. Hegazi, Nadeem S. Butt},
 doi = {10.2991/jegh.k.190219.001},
 journal = {Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health},
 number = {1}
}

Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs) are a major public health problem worldwide, especially among children with a need for periodical evaluation of prevalence and risk factors to adopt an appropriate prevention strategy. This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted to identify prevalence, risk factors, characteristics, and impact of IPIs on school children in different regions of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Children were recruited from randomly selected schools. Questionnaires were distributed to students and filled by their parents to collect relevant information about sociodemographic, environmental, and hygienic living conditions. Stool samples and anthropometric measurements as indicators of nutritional status were collected from students who agreed to participate in the study. Fecal samples were examined by direct smear and formol-ether concentration method. Out of 581 collected stool samples, only 31 (5.3%) samples were positive for IPIs especially Blastocystis hominis (10 samples) and Giardia lamblia (six samples). The only two significant risk factors associated with IPIs were drinking water from tanks [odds ratio (OR): 3.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.60–6.99, p = 0.001] and washing hands with only water (OR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.17–5.93, p = 0.03). There was no significant impact of IPIs on growth parameters or level of children’s academic performance.

@article{
 title = {Approaches Towards Professional Studies and Spare-time Activities Among Preclinical and Clinical Year Medical Students},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 websites = {https://www.cureus.com/articles/19543-approaches-towards-professional-studies-and-spare-time-activities-among-preclinical-and-clinical-year-medical-students},
 month = {6},
 day = {14},
 id = {64f4b847-55c9-3b3f-9af7-5010f5aee470},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.768Z},
 accessed = {2019-06-15},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:37:26.920Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Jameel2019a},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objective This study aims at a recognition of the differences in the study habits, approach to teaching resources, and spare-time activities of medical students in the preclinical and clinical training periods at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods Study sampling was carried out in 2017 at the Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah, SA. Students from both genders were included and further subdivided to preclinical (2(nd) and 3(rd) years) and clinical groups (4(th), 5(th), and 6(th) years). Students were asked to respond to an online questionnaire. SPSS-Version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US) was utilized for statistical analysis of the collected data, Results Of the 347/500 (response rate 69.4%) medical students, 85 (24.5%) were from the preclinical students (2(nd) and 3(rd) years), and 262 (64.5%) were enrolled in the clinical group (4(th) to 6(th) years of MBBS). The majority of students 330 (94.1%) were unmarried, only 17 of them, i.e., 4.9%, were married. Analysis of the data revealed that medical textbooks, essential versions of basic medical books, online resources, and online version of books were used more frequently by the clinical group as compared to the preclinical students. Teacher-provided lecture handouts and lecture notes taken during classes were being equally used by both groups. There was a significant difference in the opinion on the usefulness of different resources between both groups. Students faced difficulty in understanding the English language, observed more in the pre-clinical years as compared to relatively groomed clinical students. The preclinical group could not understand the teaching material in books due to a weaker understanding of the English language. Social media software was used for keeping both groups busy, but clinical students also used social media for academic purposes. More than half of the participants from the preclinical and almost one-third from the clinical years admitted that their teachers recommended them for relevant medical textbooks. An encouraging trend was observed in most preclinical group students: they found teaching modalities, such as problem-based learning (PBL) and other academic activities, as a trigger to promote book reading. Conclusion Our results show that the students in the clinical phase had a more methodical approach to professional studies and a difference in spare-time activities.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jameel, Tahir and Baig, Mukhtiar and Gazzaz, Zohair J and Tashkandi, Jawad M and Al Alhareth, Nasser S and Khan, Shahida A and Butt, Nadeem S},
 doi = {10.7759/cureus.4905},
 journal = {Cureus}
}

Objective This study aims at a recognition of the differences in the study habits, approach to teaching resources, and spare-time activities of medical students in the preclinical and clinical training periods at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods Study sampling was carried out in 2017 at the Faculty of Medicine, KAU, Jeddah, SA. Students from both genders were included and further subdivided to preclinical (2(nd) and 3(rd) years) and clinical groups (4(th), 5(th), and 6(th) years). Students were asked to respond to an online questionnaire. SPSS-Version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US) was utilized for statistical analysis of the collected data, Results Of the 347/500 (response rate 69.4%) medical students, 85 (24.5%) were from the preclinical students (2(nd) and 3(rd) years), and 262 (64.5%) were enrolled in the clinical group (4(th) to 6(th) years of MBBS). The majority of students 330 (94.1%) were unmarried, only 17 of them, i.e., 4.9%, were married. Analysis of the data revealed that medical textbooks, essential versions of basic medical books, online resources, and online version of books were used more frequently by the clinical group as compared to the preclinical students. Teacher-provided lecture handouts and lecture notes taken during classes were being equally used by both groups. There was a significant difference in the opinion on the usefulness of different resources between both groups. Students faced difficulty in understanding the English language, observed more in the pre-clinical years as compared to relatively groomed clinical students. The preclinical group could not understand the teaching material in books due to a weaker understanding of the English language. Social media software was used for keeping both groups busy, but clinical students also used social media for academic purposes. More than half of the participants from the preclinical and almost one-third from the clinical years admitted that their teachers recommended them for relevant medical textbooks. An encouraging trend was observed in most preclinical group students: they found teaching modalities, such as problem-based learning (PBL) and other academic activities, as a trigger to promote book reading. Conclusion Our results show that the students in the clinical phase had a more methodical approach to professional studies and a difference in spare-time activities.

@article{
 title = {A new compound frechet distribution for modeling breaking stress and strengths data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Breaking stress,Fréchet distribution,Generating function,Maximum likelihood,Strengths data,Zero-truncated poisson distribution},
 pages = {1017-1035},
 volume = {15},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/3078},
 month = {12},
 day = {1},
 id = {7af6923f-3c25-353b-9e67-ebb26868b106},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.950Z},
 accessed = {2020-01-10},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:39:39.468Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yousof2019},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new useful version of the Frechet model is introduced and studied. Some of its properties are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the unknown parameter via two real data applications. The new version is much better than other important competitive Frechet models in modeling two real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yousof, Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alotaibi, Refah Mohammed and Rezk, H. and Alomani, Ghadah A. and Ibrahim, Mohamed},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v15i4.3078},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

A new useful version of the Frechet model is introduced and studied. Some of its properties are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the unknown parameter via two real data applications. The new version is much better than other important competitive Frechet models in modeling two real data sets.

@article{
 title = {Extended weibull burr XII distribution: Properties and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Burr XII distribution,Generating function,Maximum likelihood,Moments},
 pages = {891-903},
 volume = {15},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2731},
 month = {12},
 day = {1},
 id = {481128b7-d7a6-3e0e-a012-d04db58ac47b},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.458Z},
 accessed = {2020-01-10},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:40:19.067Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Raya2019},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new distribution called the Weibull Generalized Burr XII distribution is introduced along with simple physical motivation. The new distribution includes fourteen sub-models, seven of them are new. The new model can be used in modeling bimodal data sets. Set of its properties are derived in details. Two applications are provided to illustrate the importance of the new model. The new model is better that other competitive models via two applications. The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the unknown parameters.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Aboray, Mohamed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/PJSOR.V15I4.2731},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

A new distribution called the Weibull Generalized Burr XII distribution is introduced along with simple physical motivation. The new distribution includes fourteen sub-models, seven of them are new. The new model can be used in modeling bimodal data sets. Set of its properties are derived in details. Two applications are provided to illustrate the importance of the new model. The new model is better that other competitive models via two applications. The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the unknown parameters.

@article{
 title = {Odd Lindley-Lomax model: Statistical properties and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 keywords = {Estimation,Lomax model,Odd Lindley-G Family},
 pages = {419-430},
 volume = {15},
 id = {27cf866d-a29a-312a-83ff-133312aec252},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:56:36.776Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:56:36.776Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {pop00056},
 source_type = {article},
 user_context = {Journal article},
 notes = {<b>From Duplicate 2 (<i>Odd Lindley-Lomax model: Statistical properties and applications</i> - Masoom Ali, M.; Korkmaz, Mustafa; Yousof, Haitham M.; Butt, Nadeem Shafique)<br/></b><br/>Query date: 2021-03-09 14:22:05},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this work, we focus on some new theoretical and computational aspects of the Odd Lindley- Lomax model. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the model parameters. We show empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling two types of aircraft windshield lifetime data. This model is much better than exponentiated Lomax, gamma Lomax, beta Lomax and other Lomax models so that the Odd Lindley-Lomax lifetime model is a good alternative to these models in modeling aircraft windshield data. A Monte Carlo simulation study is used to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Masoom Ali, M. and Korkmaz, Mustafa M.Ç. and Yousof, H.M. Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique N.S.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v15i2.2939},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

In this work, we focus on some new theoretical and computational aspects of the Odd Lindley- Lomax model. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the model parameters. We show empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling two types of aircraft windshield lifetime data. This model is much better than exponentiated Lomax, gamma Lomax, beta Lomax and other Lomax models so that the Odd Lindley-Lomax lifetime model is a good alternative to these models in modeling aircraft windshield data. A Monte Carlo simulation study is used to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators.

@article{
 title = {Developing and assessing a tool to measure motivation among physicians in Lahore, Pakistan},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {e0209546},
 volume = {13},
 id = {09b3dbb2-b397-36a9-9702-ad467a1a1a5c},
 created = {2019-01-06T15:22:53.589Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:22:44.966Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Malik2018a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Physicians’ motivation plays avital role in health systems particularly in dense and urban cities, which deal with high volumes of patients in a variety of settings. The loss of physicians due to low motivation to developed countries is also a critical aspect affecting the quality of care in many regions. Fewer studies have explored health provider and particularly physicians’ motivation in developing countries, which is critical to health service delivery. In addition, limited relevant tools have been developed and tested in low and middle-income settings like Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to create and test a tool for measuring physician motivation. A tool was developed to explore physicians’ motivation in the Lahore district, Pakistan. Three sections of the questionnaire, which included intrinsic, socio-cultural and organizational factors, were tested with a stratified, random sample of 360 physicians from the public and private health facilities. Factor analysis produced six factors for ‘intrinsic motivation,’ seven for ‘organizational motivation’ and three for ‘socio-cultural motivation’ that explained 47.7%, 52.6% and 40.6% of the total variance, respectively. Bartlett’s test of sphericity and the KMO were significant. Cronbach’s α and confirmatory factor analysis were found satisfactory for all three sections of questionnaires. In addition to identifying important intrinsic, socio-cultural and organizational factors study found the questionnaires reliable and valid and recommend further testing the applicability of the instrument in similar and diverse settings.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Ahmad Azam and Yamamoto, Shelby Suzanne and Haque, Aminul and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Baig, Mukhtiar and Sauerborn, Rainer},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0209546},
 journal = {PLoS ONE},
 number = {12}
}

Physicians’ motivation plays avital role in health systems particularly in dense and urban cities, which deal with high volumes of patients in a variety of settings. The loss of physicians due to low motivation to developed countries is also a critical aspect affecting the quality of care in many regions. Fewer studies have explored health provider and particularly physicians’ motivation in developing countries, which is critical to health service delivery. In addition, limited relevant tools have been developed and tested in low and middle-income settings like Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to create and test a tool for measuring physician motivation. A tool was developed to explore physicians’ motivation in the Lahore district, Pakistan. Three sections of the questionnaire, which included intrinsic, socio-cultural and organizational factors, were tested with a stratified, random sample of 360 physicians from the public and private health facilities. Factor analysis produced six factors for ‘intrinsic motivation,’ seven for ‘organizational motivation’ and three for ‘socio-cultural motivation’ that explained 47.7%, 52.6% and 40.6% of the total variance, respectively. Bartlett’s test of sphericity and the KMO were significant. Cronbach’s α and confirmatory factor analysis were found satisfactory for all three sections of questionnaires. In addition to identifying important intrinsic, socio-cultural and organizational factors study found the questionnaires reliable and valid and recommend further testing the applicability of the instrument in similar and diverse settings.

@article{
 title = {Construct validity and factor structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among physicians in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Confirmatory factor analysis,Model fit,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,Sleep quality},
 pages = {935-943},
 volume = {14},
 id = {15de4c96-5d48-340b-a6ad-e0d529df67d5},
 created = {2019-01-06T15:22:53.594Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:22:45.901Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Malik2018},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Sleep disorders continue to rise and have been estimated to affect around half of the global population. Poor sleep quality and insomnia are also linked to various health issues in different populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is one of the most commonly used tool to assess sleep quality. It has been tested in various clinical and non-clinical settings and populations but mostly in developed world. Literature is limited from Arab region and further scarcity of studies is observed among health providers from the region. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and factor structure of PSQI among physicians in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study used the PSQI tool with 19 items and 7 components on 330 physicians working in Jeddah. Data was entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS and AMOS version 22. Cronbach alpha was 0.745. Construct validity showed satisfactory results. Exploration of factor structure with Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed 1-factor model as better fit. Among three models, 3-factor model showed least fit indices. The study findings showed some similarities as well as differences to comparable studies using PSQI in other settings that requires further as well as continuous exploration of the dynamic issue in similar and diverse settings.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Ahmad Azam and Bakarman, Marwan A. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i4.2729},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

Sleep disorders continue to rise and have been estimated to affect around half of the global population. Poor sleep quality and insomnia are also linked to various health issues in different populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is one of the most commonly used tool to assess sleep quality. It has been tested in various clinical and non-clinical settings and populations but mostly in developed world. Literature is limited from Arab region and further scarcity of studies is observed among health providers from the region. This study aimed to assess the construct validity and factor structure of PSQI among physicians in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study used the PSQI tool with 19 items and 7 components on 330 physicians working in Jeddah. Data was entered and analyzed in IBM SPSS and AMOS version 22. Cronbach alpha was 0.745. Construct validity showed satisfactory results. Exploration of factor structure with Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed 1-factor model as better fit. Among three models, 3-factor model showed least fit indices. The study findings showed some similarities as well as differences to comparable studies using PSQI in other settings that requires further as well as continuous exploration of the dynamic issue in similar and diverse settings.

@article{
 title = {Phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase expression is significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes in bladder carcinoma patients},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {immunohistochemistry,p-ampk,phosphorylated amp-activated protein kinase,urinary bladder cancer},
 pages = {3718-3725},
 volume = {11},
 id = {ed93de66-fdcf-3e28-b455-3ca53d519585},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:46.100Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:21:21.368Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Al-maghrabi2018},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The phenotype of p-AMPK has been suggested as a possible marker for diagnosis and/or prognosis in tumors located in different organs. Nonetheless, there are conflicts among the outcomes found in several tumors, and little is proven concerning the correlation between the phenotype of p-AMPK and its clinical significance in urinary bladder carcinomas. Therefore, this research will define the p-AMPK expression patterns, and study the relationship between this pattern of expression, in a panel of urinary bladder carcinomas compared to normal tissues, and clinicopathological features to determine the clinical relevance and the function of p-AMPK in the evolution of bladder cancer. Furthermore, this study will evaluate p-AMPK expression as a diagnostic marker and prognosticator of long term overall survival in bladder cancer patients. This study will utilize the p-AMPK monoclonal antibody using the immunohistochemistry staining standard protocol to identify the location and expression pattern of p-AMPK, which will be graded with respect to the estimated percentage of tumor cells with positive and relative intense stain. 128 cases of urinary bladder carcinoma and 24 non-cancerous bladder tissue samples were employed for the determination of p-AMPK phenotypes applying immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays slides. A high score of nuclear p-AMPK immunoexpression has been found in 104 (81.3%) bladder cancer cases, while 24 (100%) control cases showed p-AMPK immunoreactivity. Strong p-AMPK immunohistochemical staining in both epithelial cells and stromal cells has been significantly linked with vascular invasion (p-value = 0.002 and p-value = 0.011 respectively). Lymph node metastasis showed significant association with p-AMPK expression in tumor epithelial cells (p-value = 0.030). The odds of low expression in epithelial cells for a positive lymph node are 3.21 times as great as the odds of low expression in epithelial cells for a negative lymph node. Our findings recommend p-AMPK as a useful biomarker in determining the prognosis of bladder cancer. These preliminary findings suggest that p-AMPK may be a valuable tissue biomarker for predicting a poor prognosis in bladder cancer.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Al-maghrabi, Jaudah and Qureshi, Imtiaz Ahmad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal},
 journal = {Int J Clin Exp Pathol},
 number = {7}
}

The phenotype of p-AMPK has been suggested as a possible marker for diagnosis and/or prognosis in tumors located in different organs. Nonetheless, there are conflicts among the outcomes found in several tumors, and little is proven concerning the correlation between the phenotype of p-AMPK and its clinical significance in urinary bladder carcinomas. Therefore, this research will define the p-AMPK expression patterns, and study the relationship between this pattern of expression, in a panel of urinary bladder carcinomas compared to normal tissues, and clinicopathological features to determine the clinical relevance and the function of p-AMPK in the evolution of bladder cancer. Furthermore, this study will evaluate p-AMPK expression as a diagnostic marker and prognosticator of long term overall survival in bladder cancer patients. This study will utilize the p-AMPK monoclonal antibody using the immunohistochemistry staining standard protocol to identify the location and expression pattern of p-AMPK, which will be graded with respect to the estimated percentage of tumor cells with positive and relative intense stain. 128 cases of urinary bladder carcinoma and 24 non-cancerous bladder tissue samples were employed for the determination of p-AMPK phenotypes applying immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarrays slides. A high score of nuclear p-AMPK immunoexpression has been found in 104 (81.3%) bladder cancer cases, while 24 (100%) control cases showed p-AMPK immunoreactivity. Strong p-AMPK immunohistochemical staining in both epithelial cells and stromal cells has been significantly linked with vascular invasion (p-value = 0.002 and p-value = 0.011 respectively). Lymph node metastasis showed significant association with p-AMPK expression in tumor epithelial cells (p-value = 0.030). The odds of low expression in epithelial cells for a positive lymph node are 3.21 times as great as the odds of low expression in epithelial cells for a negative lymph node. Our findings recommend p-AMPK as a useful biomarker in determining the prognosis of bladder cancer. These preliminary findings suggest that p-AMPK may be a valuable tissue biomarker for predicting a poor prognosis in bladder cancer.

@article{
 title = {Evaluation of Inhaler Use Techniques among Asthmatic Patients in King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {2387-2393},
 volume = {71},
 websites = {http://web.a.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=16872002&AN=128423324&h=BANUE5Vmfw2Ma5x9HFpPRosdI46MeF8mm9DHQIZ455lPCnlVL0FsUV6gH3XSeiWB0vw8lUHSLFKXy1aOavjtTg%3D%3D&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=Err},
 id = {51092d0d-e559-3696-863a-3bfe7a095048},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:46.280Z},
 accessed = {2018-03-24},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:28.880Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {AlghamdiFaizahAbdullah;AlsufyaniMahaOlayan;Althobaiti3AmjadAwwadh;AlHarthiBader;NassifRaad;ButtNadeemS.;MalikAhmadA.;Bakarman2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: bronchial asthma is a prevalent health problem globally. Inhaled route is commonly used over other routes to manage asthmatic patients. Despite the efficacy of inhalers, the poor inhaler technique used by asthmatic patients leads to decrease drug delivery to lungs and poor asthma control. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the proper use of inhaler devices by asthmatic patients according to the standard recommended steps and to identify the factors related to the inaccurate or poor inhaler use among asthmatic patients at King Faisal Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials: this was a crosssectional observational study conducted among Saudi asthmatic patients using inhaler devices and visiting outpatient's respiratory clinic. Patients were asked to use their inhaler devices and their inhaler technique and using a validated checklist. MDI, TurboHaler and Handihaler were the most commonly used whether alone or in combinations. Results: around 74% and 92% responded to receive any education for asthma and asthma devices respectively. Of those who received any education, mostly reported that they received education about asthma and/or devices from their physicians. Breathing out, breath holding pattern and position of head during inhaling condition were three critical steps that led to improper use. Conclusion recommendation: inhalation technique in asthma patients was unsatisfactory and was accompanied with errors, especially in patients with low education levels. This study suggested prioritizing and establishing the proper practice of inhaling devices to better manage asthmatic patients and quality of life.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alghamdi, Faizah Abdullah; Alsufyani, Maha Olayan; Althobaiti 3, Amjad Awwadh; Al Harthi, Bader; Nassif, Raad; Butt, Nadeem S.; Malik, Ahmad A.; Bakarman, Marwan A.},
 journal = {Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine},
 number = {1}
}

Background: bronchial asthma is a prevalent health problem globally. Inhaled route is commonly used over other routes to manage asthmatic patients. Despite the efficacy of inhalers, the poor inhaler technique used by asthmatic patients leads to decrease drug delivery to lungs and poor asthma control. Objective: the main objective of this study was to evaluate the proper use of inhaler devices by asthmatic patients according to the standard recommended steps and to identify the factors related to the inaccurate or poor inhaler use among asthmatic patients at King Faisal Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Methods and Materials: this was a crosssectional observational study conducted among Saudi asthmatic patients using inhaler devices and visiting outpatient's respiratory clinic. Patients were asked to use their inhaler devices and their inhaler technique and using a validated checklist. MDI, TurboHaler and Handihaler were the most commonly used whether alone or in combinations. Results: around 74% and 92% responded to receive any education for asthma and asthma devices respectively. Of those who received any education, mostly reported that they received education about asthma and/or devices from their physicians. Breathing out, breath holding pattern and position of head during inhaling condition were three critical steps that led to improper use. Conclusion recommendation: inhalation technique in asthma patients was unsatisfactory and was accompanied with errors, especially in patients with low education levels. This study suggested prioritizing and establishing the proper practice of inhaling devices to better manage asthmatic patients and quality of life.

@article{
 title = {Knowledge and Attitude Towards Down Syndrome Among People in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {51-56},
 volume = {32},
 websites = {http://proceedings-szh.com/index.php/2018/03/26/knowledge-and-attitude-towards-down-syndrome-among-people-in-jeddah-saudi-arabia/},
 id = {af448fca-eb0f-3d8c-91e5-aadfb1e59599},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:46.819Z},
 accessed = {2018-04-04},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:15.643Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {MohammedH.AlhaddadFahadAnwerRazanA.BasonbulNadeemShafiqueButtMuhammadImranNoor2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mohammed H. Alhaddad, Fahad Anwer, Razan A. Basonbul, Nadeem Shafique Butt, Muhammad Imran Noor, Ahmad Azam Malik},
 journal = {Proceedings},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {The exponentiated Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Exponentiated Marshall-Olkin-G Family,Fréchet Distribution,Fréchet distribution,Generating Function,Generating function,Goodness-of-fit,Maximum Likelihood,Maximum likelihood,Order Statistic,Order statistic},
 pages = {57-74},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2286},
 month = {3},
 day = {1},
 id = {f2a35566-d9b4-3ab8-b850-0ae3a152111f},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.608Z},
 accessed = {2018-03-12},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:03.797Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mansour2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new five-parameter model called the exponentiated Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution is studied. Various of its mathematical properties including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and order statistics are investigated. The proposed density function can be expressed as a linear mixture of Fréchet densities. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. The flexibility of the new distribution is proved empirically using two real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mansour, Mahmoud M. and Elrazik, Enayat M.Abd Abd and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i1.2286},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

A new five-parameter model called the exponentiated Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution is studied. Various of its mathematical properties including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and order statistics are investigated. The proposed density function can be expressed as a linear mixture of Fréchet densities. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. The flexibility of the new distribution is proved empirically using two real data sets.

@article{
 title = {Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among people with diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {awareness,diabetes mellitus,diabetic retinopathy,primary healthcare,risk factors},
 pages = {103-112},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2042018818758621},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {SAGE PublicationsSage UK: London, England},
 day = {4},
 id = {1607e1a2-39bb-3b40-a26f-6600e95e0827},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.920Z},
 accessed = {2018-03-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:50.709Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Alzahrani2018},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the foremost cause of blindness. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of DR and its related risk factors among patients with DM in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with DM attending primary health care centers at the Ministry of Health in Jeddah. A structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the sociodemographic and DM- and DR-related characteristics of the patients. Results: A total of 377 patients were enrolled. About 82.6% of the patients were aware that DM can affect their eyes, and they listed physicians, ophthalmologists, television, and family members as common sources of information on the topic. About 36% of the patients reported that their doctors had not advised them about it. More than half responded that they did not feel their vision to be affected by DM. More than 58% had never been diagnosed with DR. About 35% did not go to their eye checkups, even though around 59% thought that DR could lead to blindness. Of the 64% of patients whose DM was well controlled, 11% and 25% listed surgery and laser treatment, respectively, as available treatment options for DR. The following factors were found to be significant in relation to the subjects’ awareness that DM can affect their eyes: the patients’ perception of their doctors’ advice about DR; the experience of having their vision affected by DM; the knowledge that DR may lead to blindness; the practice of going to eye checkups. Conclusions: Despite having good awareness about DM and its effects on eyes, the patients exhibited a relative lack of awareness about DR. Considering the association of DR with DM, its increasing magnitude is a potential burden on the community and health systems.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alzahrani, Sami H. and Bakarman, Marwan A. and Alqahtani, Saleh M. and Alqahtani, Maha S. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Salawati, Emad M. and Alkatheri, Ahmad and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Saad, Khaled},
 doi = {10.1177/2042018818758621},
 journal = {Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism},
 number = {4}
}

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the foremost cause of blindness. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of DR and its related risk factors among patients with DM in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with DM attending primary health care centers at the Ministry of Health in Jeddah. A structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the sociodemographic and DM- and DR-related characteristics of the patients. Results: A total of 377 patients were enrolled. About 82.6% of the patients were aware that DM can affect their eyes, and they listed physicians, ophthalmologists, television, and family members as common sources of information on the topic. About 36% of the patients reported that their doctors had not advised them about it. More than half responded that they did not feel their vision to be affected by DM. More than 58% had never been diagnosed with DR. About 35% did not go to their eye checkups, even though around 59% thought that DR could lead to blindness. Of the 64% of patients whose DM was well controlled, 11% and 25% listed surgery and laser treatment, respectively, as available treatment options for DR. The following factors were found to be significant in relation to the subjects’ awareness that DM can affect their eyes: the patients’ perception of their doctors’ advice about DR; the experience of having their vision affected by DM; the knowledge that DR may lead to blindness; the practice of going to eye checkups. Conclusions: Despite having good awareness about DM and its effects on eyes, the patients exhibited a relative lack of awareness about DR. Considering the association of DR with DM, its increasing magnitude is a potential burden on the community and health systems.

@article{
 title = {Assessment of a dietary consultation model for effective diabetes care in Saudi population using partial least squares estimation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Dietary Assessment,Dietary Consultation Model,Dietary assessment,Dietary consultation model,Saudi Arabia,Structural Equation Modelling.,Structural equation modelling,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,Type 2 diabetes mellitus},
 pages = {447-462},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2249/670,https://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2249},
 month = {6},
 day = {1},
 id = {220ffa69-d134-389a-be5e-d53d4a1fe639},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.961Z},
 accessed = {2018-10-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:56.545Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sami2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The relationship between dietary habits and diabetes has not been studied efficiently in Saudi Arabia and the available diabetes risk models does not focus much on diet, nor do they capture the overall dietary behaviors. The purpose of this research was to test empirically the hypothesised dietary consultation model that has been proposed for more effective diabetes care. This exploratory study was conducted on type 2 diabetic Saudi patients visiting the Primary Health Care Centres in Almajmaah city. The data comprising 350 patients were collected from 5th February - 24th April, 2017 through systematic sampling technique using direct investigation method. Data was collected through four questionnaires. Composite scores were extracted for all variables under study and analysed by Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling approach using SmartPLS 3.2.6 software. Evaluation of formative outer and inner model relationships validated the hypothesised dietary consultation model. Power of study, coefficient of determination, effect size, total effects, and model fit index further validated the findings. The validated dietary consultation model facilitates a new healthcare paradigm which can give a better understanding of diabetes management at stakeholder and individual level. Healthcare givers should pay special emphasis on diabetics' diabetes mellitus knowledge, dietary knowledge, and dietary attitude, as these factors influence each other, dietary practices and HbA1c. Healthcare givers can use this model alone or by integrating it with available diabetes risk models to carry out the dietary assessment of type 2 diabetics.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sami, Waqas and Ansari, Tahir and Butt, Nadeem Shafique N.S. Nadeem Shafique and Hamid, Mohd Rashid Bin Ab M.R.B.A. and Ab Hamid, Mohd Rashid Bin and Hamid, Mohd Rashid Bin Ab M.R.B.A.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i2.2249},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

The relationship between dietary habits and diabetes has not been studied efficiently in Saudi Arabia and the available diabetes risk models does not focus much on diet, nor do they capture the overall dietary behaviors. The purpose of this research was to test empirically the hypothesised dietary consultation model that has been proposed for more effective diabetes care. This exploratory study was conducted on type 2 diabetic Saudi patients visiting the Primary Health Care Centres in Almajmaah city. The data comprising 350 patients were collected from 5th February - 24th April, 2017 through systematic sampling technique using direct investigation method. Data was collected through four questionnaires. Composite scores were extracted for all variables under study and analysed by Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling approach using SmartPLS 3.2.6 software. Evaluation of formative outer and inner model relationships validated the hypothesised dietary consultation model. Power of study, coefficient of determination, effect size, total effects, and model fit index further validated the findings. The validated dietary consultation model facilitates a new healthcare paradigm which can give a better understanding of diabetes management at stakeholder and individual level. Healthcare givers should pay special emphasis on diabetics' diabetes mellitus knowledge, dietary knowledge, and dietary attitude, as these factors influence each other, dietary practices and HbA1c. Healthcare givers can use this model alone or by integrating it with available diabetes risk models to carry out the dietary assessment of type 2 diabetics.

@article{
 title = {On characterizations of McLLoG, ELLoGW, PTHL and k-GE distributions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {177-184},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2263},
 month = {3},
 day = {1},
 id = {fd487033-2360-3cc9-888a-2d0fe93a898a},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.758Z},
 accessed = {2018-03-12},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:17.809Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hamedani2018a},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Huang S. and Oluyede (2016), Oluyede et al. (2016), Krishnarani (2016) and Rather and Rather (2017) consider the "McDonald Log-Logistic", the "Exponentiated Log-Logistic Weibull", the "Power Transformation Half-Logistic" and "k-Generalized Exponential" distributions, respectively, and study certain properties and applications of these distributions. The present short note is intended to complete, in some way, the above mentioned works via establishing certain characterizations of these distributions in different directions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hamedani, G. G. and But, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i1.2263},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

Huang S. and Oluyede (2016), Oluyede et al. (2016), Krishnarani (2016) and Rather and Rather (2017) consider the "McDonald Log-Logistic", the "Exponentiated Log-Logistic Weibull", the "Power Transformation Half-Logistic" and "k-Generalized Exponential" distributions, respectively, and study certain properties and applications of these distributions. The present short note is intended to complete, in some way, the above mentioned works via establishing certain characterizations of these distributions in different directions.

@article{
 title = {Screening of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 pages = {161},
 volume = {10},
 websites = {http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/gjhs/article/view/72923},
 month = {2},
 day = {18},
 id = {0912ffc1-eded-3ec1-9d47-cae2f9a7c525},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.305Z},
 accessed = {2018-03-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:40:59.409Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Abdelrahman2018},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Identifying people with an increasing risk of diabetes provides a chance to change some factors before the occurrence of serious sequelae and permits the expectation of diabetes tendencies and the necessitated means to manage emerging diabetes. This current research aimed to screen students versus employees in Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University for the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus Type 2.METHODS: A sample of 279 was proportionally taken from student and employee study groups. Structured Modified Diabetic Risk Test (MDRT) questionnaire was adapted to be filled by each participant. Impaired glucose tolerance, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure of all participants were quantified. This study was done from January 2017 to March 2017.RESULTS: Higher pre-diabetic and diabetic risks were observed in employee as compared to students (ORPre-Dia=4.07 with 95% CI =1.518-10.95; ORDia=2.913 with 95% CI 0.815-10.41). Waist circumference and body mass index of students showed significant association with glucose level with p values 0.003 and 0.002 respectively.CONCLUSION: There are an alarming number of individuals with the risk of being affected by diabetes in both students and employees among this study population. These findings emphasize on the need for a primary healthcare clinic role in the screening, management, follow up and promoting community awareness of Diabetes Mellitus.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abdelrahman, Amer Shafie and Gazzaz, Zohair Jamil and Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Bakarman, Marwan A. and Yaseen, AbdElaziz and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Alhabib, Mohammed and Majnuni, Abdulrahman and Almousa, Arif Abdulmohsen and Alkayal, Mohammad and Malik, Ahmad Azam},
 doi = {10.5539/gjhs.v10n3p161},
 journal = {Global Journal of Health Science},
 number = {3}
}

INTRODUCTION: Identifying people with an increasing risk of diabetes provides a chance to change some factors before the occurrence of serious sequelae and permits the expectation of diabetes tendencies and the necessitated means to manage emerging diabetes. This current research aimed to screen students versus employees in Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University for the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus Type 2.METHODS: A sample of 279 was proportionally taken from student and employee study groups. Structured Modified Diabetic Risk Test (MDRT) questionnaire was adapted to be filled by each participant. Impaired glucose tolerance, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure of all participants were quantified. This study was done from January 2017 to March 2017.RESULTS: Higher pre-diabetic and diabetic risks were observed in employee as compared to students (ORPre-Dia=4.07 with 95% CI =1.518-10.95; ORDia=2.913 with 95% CI 0.815-10.41). Waist circumference and body mass index of students showed significant association with glucose level with p values 0.003 and 0.002 respectively.CONCLUSION: There are an alarming number of individuals with the risk of being affected by diabetes in both students and employees among this study population. These findings emphasize on the need for a primary healthcare clinic role in the screening, management, follow up and promoting community awareness of Diabetes Mellitus.

@article{
 title = {The generalized odd Weibull generated family of distributions: Statistical properties and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Generated distribution,Maximum likelihood,Moment,Quantile function,Simulation},
 pages = {541-556},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {https://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2598},
 month = {9},
 day = {22},
 id = {a09cd49f-d675-3970-a650-d695b6ce3057},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.656Z},
 accessed = {2018-10-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:46:10.744Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Korkmaz2018},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this work, we propose a new class of lifetime distributions calledthe generalized odd Weibull generatedfamily. It can provide better fits than some of the well known lifetime models and this fact represents a good characterization of this family. Some of its mathematical properties are derived. The maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters. We study the behaviour of the estimators by means of two Monte Carlo simulations. The importance of the family illustrated by means of two applications to real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Korkmaz, Mustafa Ç. and Alizadeh, Morad and Yousof, Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i3.2598},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

In this work, we propose a new class of lifetime distributions calledthe generalized odd Weibull generatedfamily. It can provide better fits than some of the well known lifetime models and this fact represents a good characterization of this family. Some of its mathematical properties are derived. The maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters. We study the behaviour of the estimators by means of two Monte Carlo simulations. The importance of the family illustrated by means of two applications to real data sets.

@article{
 title = {Extended half-logistic distribution with theory and lifetime data application},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Half-logistic distribution,Meijer's G-functions,Weighted Least Square},
 pages = {331-343},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2396/663},
 id = {bfec77b6-fae6-3fb3-8dd9-38dc5f8a5d45},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.162Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:31.627Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Altun2018},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a new three-parameter lifetime model called the extended half-logistic (EHL) distribution. We derive various of its structural properties including moments, quantile and generating functions, mixture representation for probability density function, and reliability curves. The maximum likelihood, ordinary and weighted least square methods are used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the estimation methods are discussed. We conclude that the maximum likelihood is the most suitable method to estimate model parameters for the small sample size. While the weighted least square method is the best for the large sample size. Finally, we prove empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling a real lifetime dataset.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Altun, Emrah and Khan, Muhammad Nauman M.N. and Alizadeh, Morad and Ozel, Gamze and Butt, N.S. Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i2.2396},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

In this paper, we introduce a new three-parameter lifetime model called the extended half-logistic (EHL) distribution. We derive various of its structural properties including moments, quantile and generating functions, mixture representation for probability density function, and reliability curves. The maximum likelihood, ordinary and weighted least square methods are used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the estimation methods are discussed. We conclude that the maximum likelihood is the most suitable method to estimate model parameters for the small sample size. While the weighted least square method is the best for the large sample size. Finally, we prove empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling a real lifetime dataset.

@article{
 title = {A new extended g family of continuous distributions with mathematical properties, characterizations and regression modeling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2018},
 keywords = {Characterization,Regression Modeling,Regression modeling,Simulation},
 pages = {737-758},
 volume = {14},
 websites = {https://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2484},
 month = {9},
 day = {22},
 id = {9b710441-d37e-34aa-8dea-6d4f80a7bef6},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.262Z},
 accessed = {2018-10-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:46:16.481Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hamedani2018},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We propose a new extended G family of distributions. Some of its structural properties are derived and some useful characterization results are presented. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters by means of graphical and numerical Monte Carlo simulation study. The flexibility of the new family illustrated by means of two real data sets. Moreover, we introduce a new log-location regression model based on the proposed family. The martingale and modified deviance residuals are defined to detect outliers and evaluate the model assumptions. The potentiality of the new regression model is illustrated by means of a real data set.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hamedani, G. G. and Altun, Emrah and Korkmaz, Mustafa Ç. and Yousof, Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v14i3.2484},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

We propose a new extended G family of distributions. Some of its structural properties are derived and some useful characterization results are presented. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters by means of graphical and numerical Monte Carlo simulation study. The flexibility of the new family illustrated by means of two real data sets. Moreover, we introduce a new log-location regression model based on the proposed family. The martingale and modified deviance residuals are defined to detect outliers and evaluate the model assumptions. The potentiality of the new regression model is illustrated by means of a real data set.

@article{
 title = {The extended Fréchet distribution: Properties and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Burr X family,Fréchet distribution,Maximum likelihood,Simulation},
 pages = {529-543},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2058},
 id = {a9eee0eb-ddfb-305e-8e40-352c57549808},
 created = {2018-04-04T19:42:08.781Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:08:33.970Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Zayed2017},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we study a new model called the Burr X exponentiated Fréchet Distribution. The new model exhibits unimodal, unimodal then buthtab and buthtab hazard rates. Various properties of the new model are explored including moments, generating function, probability weighted moments, Stress-strength model and order statisics. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates are discussed. We compare the flexibility of the proposed model with other extensions of the Fréchet distribution by means of two real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zayed, Mohamed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v13i3.2058},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

In this paper, we study a new model called the Burr X exponentiated Fréchet Distribution. The new model exhibits unimodal, unimodal then buthtab and buthtab hazard rates. Various properties of the new model are explored including moments, generating function, probability weighted moments, Stress-strength model and order statisics. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates are discussed. We compare the flexibility of the proposed model with other extensions of the Fréchet distribution by means of two real data sets.

@article{
 title = {A new lifetime model with variable shapes for the hazard rate},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Censored data,Complementary Weibull geometric,Generating function,Maximum likelihood,Order statistic},
 pages = {516-541},
 volume = {31},
 id = {037b022f-139f-3a52-bda9-7f8aea0a2883},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:45.778Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:08:30.331Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Afify2017},
 folder_uuids = {b31515a1-405d-4ea2-b549-35fc7debdc36},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We define and study a new generalization of the complementary Weibull geometric distribution introduced by Tojeiro et al. (J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 84 (2014) 1345–1362). The new lifetime model is referred to as the Kumaraswamy complementary Weibull geometric distribution and includes twenty three special models. Its hazard rate function can be constant, increasing, decreasing, bathtub and unimodal shaped. Some of its mathematical properties, including explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating and quantile functions, Rényi entropy, mean residual life and mean inactivity time are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. We provide some simulation results to assess the performance of the proposed model. Two applications to real data sets show the flexibility of the new model compared with some nested and non-nested models.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Afify, Ahmed Z. and Cordeiro, Gauss M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ortega, Edwin M.M. and Suzuki, Adriano K.},
 doi = {10.1214/16-BJPS322},
 journal = {Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics},
 number = {3}
}

We define and study a new generalization of the complementary Weibull geometric distribution introduced by Tojeiro et al. (J. Stat. Comput. Simul. 84 (2014) 1345–1362). The new lifetime model is referred to as the Kumaraswamy complementary Weibull geometric distribution and includes twenty three special models. Its hazard rate function can be constant, increasing, decreasing, bathtub and unimodal shaped. Some of its mathematical properties, including explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating and quantile functions, Rényi entropy, mean residual life and mean inactivity time are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. We provide some simulation results to assess the performance of the proposed model. Two applications to real data sets show the flexibility of the new model compared with some nested and non-nested models.

@article{
 title = {The four-parameter Burr XII distribution: Properties, regression model, and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {62E10,62N01,62N02,Burr XII,Maximum Likelihood,Moments,Order Statistics,Weibull G-Family,Weibull G-family.,maximum likelihood,moments,order statistics},
 pages = {1-20},
 volume = {0},
 websites = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03610926.2016.1231821},
 month = {10},
 publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
 day = {4},
 id = {fc3c07fe-72cf-3f46-8196-885c17287ec9},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:46.800Z},
 accessed = {2018-02-24},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:44.019Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Afify2017d},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new four-parameter lifetime model called the Weibull Burr XII distribution. The new model has the advantage of being capable of modeling various shapes of aging and failure criteria. We derive some of its structural properties including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, probability weighted moments, and order statistics. The new density function can be expressed as a linear mixture of Burr XII densities. We propose a log-linear regression model using a new distribution so-called the log-Weibull Burr XII distribution. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimation are discussed. We prove empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling various types of data.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Afify, Ahmed Z. and Cordeiro, Gauss M. and Ortega, Edwin M. M. and Yousof, Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.1080/03610926.2016.1231821},
 journal = {Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods},
 number = {0}
}

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new four-parameter lifetime model called the Weibull Burr XII distribution. The new model has the advantage of being capable of modeling various shapes of aging and failure criteria. We derive some of its structural properties including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, probability weighted moments, and order statistics. The new density function can be expressed as a linear mixture of Burr XII densities. We propose a log-linear regression model using a new distribution so-called the log-Weibull Burr XII distribution. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimation are discussed. We prove empirically the importance and flexibility of the new model in modeling various types of data.

@article{
 title = {Dietary habits, lifestyle pattern and obesity among young Saudi university students Mohamad},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 pages = {1541-1546},
 volume = {67},
 id = {0c84f772-8aba-3673-b9a5-be71150e24f3},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:47.088Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:36.482Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {MNKhabazMBaigTMGhabrahMAGariNSButtFAlghanmiABalubaidAAlzahraniSHamouh2017},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objective: To investigate dietary habits, lifestyle pattern and obesity in young university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Rabigh campus of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia, from March to May 2016, and comprised healthy male students. A close-ended questionnaire was filled by all students about their dietary habits and lifestyle pattern and the lipid profile,blood glucose levels andbody mass index was determined. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method. SPSS 21 wasused for data analysis. Results: Of the 116 participants, 34(29.3%) were obese, 34(29.3%) were overweight and 48(41.4%) had normal bodymass index. Overall, 66(57%) participants were taking 3 to 4 fast food meals weekly and was also taking junk food at least once in a day. Also, 50(43%) participants were using soft/energy drink more than once per day. Besides, 82(70.7%) respondents were spending 3 to 4 hours daily in watching TV, using the Internet or PlayStation. Significant differences were observed for low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively) among overweight and obese subjects as compared to those having normal weight. The majority of the overweight and obese participants' had experienced shame or other uncomfortable feelings and had a negative impact on their activity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dietary habits and lifestyle of the majority of the participants were not up to the mark and the obesity prevalence was common. Keywords: Dietary habits, Lifestyle pattern, Obesity, TV watching, Lipid profile, University students.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {MN Khabaz M Baig, TM Ghabrah, MA Gari, NS Butt, F Alghanmi, A Balubaid, A Alzahrani, S Hamouh, M A Bakarman and Mohamad Nidal Khabaz, undefined and Marwan Abdulrahman Bakarman, undefined and Mukhtiar Baig, undefined and Tawfik Mohammed Ghabrah, undefined and Mamdouh Abdullah Gari, undefined and Nadeem Shafiq Butt, undefined and Faisal Alghanmi, undefined and Abdulaziz Balubaid, undefined and Ahmed Alzahrani, undefined and Safwan Hamouh, undefined},
 journal = {Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association},
 number = {10}
}

Objective: To investigate dietary habits, lifestyle pattern and obesity in young university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Rabigh campus of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia, from March to May 2016, and comprised healthy male students. A close-ended questionnaire was filled by all students about their dietary habits and lifestyle pattern and the lipid profile,blood glucose levels andbody mass index was determined. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method. SPSS 21 wasused for data analysis. Results: Of the 116 participants, 34(29.3%) were obese, 34(29.3%) were overweight and 48(41.4%) had normal bodymass index. Overall, 66(57%) participants were taking 3 to 4 fast food meals weekly and was also taking junk food at least once in a day. Also, 50(43%) participants were using soft/energy drink more than once per day. Besides, 82(70.7%) respondents were spending 3 to 4 hours daily in watching TV, using the Internet or PlayStation. Significant differences were observed for low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p=0.02 and p=0.006, respectively) among overweight and obese subjects as compared to those having normal weight. The majority of the overweight and obese participants' had experienced shame or other uncomfortable feelings and had a negative impact on their activity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Dietary habits and lifestyle of the majority of the participants were not up to the mark and the obesity prevalence was common. Keywords: Dietary habits, Lifestyle pattern, Obesity, TV watching, Lipid profile, University students.

@article{
 title = {The transmuted geometric-weibull distribution: Properties, characterizations and regression models},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Goodness of fit,Lifetime data,Maximum likelihood,Moment,Order statistic,Regression model},
 pages = {395-416},
 volume = {13},
 id = {8a5dd762-d0a8-3476-8ca8-4688967f8ecd},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.066Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:49:38.456Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Nofal2017},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We propose a new lifetime model called the transmuted geometric-Weibull distribution. Some of its structural properties including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, probability weighted moments, Renyi and q-entropies and order statistics are derived. The maximum likelihood method is discussed to estimate the model parameters by means of Monte Carlo simulation study. A new location-scale regression model is introduced based on the proposed distribution. The new distribution is applied to two real data sets to illustrate its flexibility. Empirical results indicate that proposed distribution can be alternative model to other lifetime models available in the literature for modeling real data in many areas.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nofal, Zohdy M. and Gebaly, Yehia M.El and Altun, Emrah and Alizadeh, Morad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and El Gebaly, Yehia M and Altun, Emrah and Alizadeh, Morad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v13i2.1923},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

We propose a new lifetime model called the transmuted geometric-Weibull distribution. Some of its structural properties including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, probability weighted moments, Renyi and q-entropies and order statistics are derived. The maximum likelihood method is discussed to estimate the model parameters by means of Monte Carlo simulation study. A new location-scale regression model is introduced based on the proposed distribution. The new distribution is applied to two real data sets to illustrate its flexibility. Empirical results indicate that proposed distribution can be alternative model to other lifetime models available in the literature for modeling real data in many areas.

@article{
 title = {In-vitro susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Stayphylococcus aureus to honey},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Antibacterial activity,Black seed honey,Honey,Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Wound infection},
 pages = {57-60},
 volume = {27},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {f937d5dd-0abe-3430-8025-263b02eb6124},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.401Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:37:16.043Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Hussain2017},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Wound infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming much complicated and costly to treat as antimicrobial resistance is quite common. Twenty five MRSA strains isolated from infected wounds and three ATCC reference strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to locally produced black seed (Nigella sativa), beri (ZiziphusJujuba) and shain honey (Plectranthus rugosus wall) by agar incorporation assay. Medically graded manuka honey (UMF 21+) was included as control. Locally produced black seed honey inhibited all clinical isolates at mean MIC of 5.5% (v/v), whereas manuka honey at mean MIC of 4.4% (v/v). The other two locally produced honey; beri and shain honey inhibited these isolates at 6.4% and 10.4% (v/v) respectively. The result of the study has demonstrated that indigenous black seed honey has comparable antibacterial activity to manuka honey and thus offers a good new addition to the existing honey resource for the treatment of wound infections.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hussain, Muhammad Barkaat and Hannan, Abdul and Absar, Muhammad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.04.003},
 journal = {Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice},
 number = {2017}
}

Wound infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming much complicated and costly to treat as antimicrobial resistance is quite common. Twenty five MRSA strains isolated from infected wounds and three ATCC reference strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to locally produced black seed (Nigella sativa), beri (ZiziphusJujuba) and shain honey (Plectranthus rugosus wall) by agar incorporation assay. Medically graded manuka honey (UMF 21+) was included as control. Locally produced black seed honey inhibited all clinical isolates at mean MIC of 5.5% (v/v), whereas manuka honey at mean MIC of 4.4% (v/v). The other two locally produced honey; beri and shain honey inhibited these isolates at 6.4% and 10.4% (v/v) respectively. The result of the study has demonstrated that indigenous black seed honey has comparable antibacterial activity to manuka honey and thus offers a good new addition to the existing honey resource for the treatment of wound infections.

@article{
 title = {Cyclin D1 is significantly associated with stage of tumor and predicts poor survival in endometrial carcinoma patients},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Cyclin D1,Endometrial carcinoma,Immunohistochemistry},
 pages = {47-51},
 volume = {30},
 publisher = {WB Saunders},
 id = {2d969ef5-3478-3f55-a7b9-1d5a46b3e2eb},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.912Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:39:23.948Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khabaz2017a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Cyclin D1 overexpression has been described to have oncogenic role and association with diagnosis, prognosis and survival in various tumors. This study will describe the immunohistochemical phenotype of cyclin D1, and investigate the correlation between these patterns of expression and clinicopathological parameters of endometrial carcinomas, to conclude the clinical relevance of cyclin D1 expression in the evolution of endometrial neoplasms. This study employed 101 endometrial tissue samples which include 71 endometrial carcinomas and thirty normal and benign endometrium cases. All these tissue samples were used in the assembly of tissue microarrays which have been utilized afterward in immunohistochemistry staining to detect cyclin D1 expression. Forty (56.3%) cases of endometrial carcinomas showed brown nuclear expression of cyclin D1 including 36 (61%) cases of endometrioid carcinomas, and 3 (33.3%) cases of serous carcinomas. Twenty three (76.6%) cases of control group demonstrated nuclear expression. High score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with patient age (P = 0.0001). Large proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining was observed in females who are < 40 years of age while high proportions of negative staining were observed in older age groups. Histologic type of tissue was also significantly related to cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value = 0.0001), high staining is more common in normal proliferative and secretory endometrium while serous carcinoma is more prevalent with negative staining. Stage of tumor was significantly associated with cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value = 0.029), proportion of stage III and IV are higher in negative cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significantly higher proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed in controls while higher proportion of negative cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed among carcinoma cases (P-value = 0.0001). No significant associations between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining and grade, recurrence and alive status were observed. Significant different survival distributions were observed (P-value = 0.011) and poor survival behavior was correlated with negative cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, greater frequency of cyclin D1 expression was revealed in normal endometrial tissues in comparison with carcinomas. The distribution pattern of cyclin D1 immunoexpression suggests poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Abdelrahman, Amer Shafie and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah},
 doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.04.006},
 journal = {Annals of Diagnostic Pathology}
}

Cyclin D1 overexpression has been described to have oncogenic role and association with diagnosis, prognosis and survival in various tumors. This study will describe the immunohistochemical phenotype of cyclin D1, and investigate the correlation between these patterns of expression and clinicopathological parameters of endometrial carcinomas, to conclude the clinical relevance of cyclin D1 expression in the evolution of endometrial neoplasms. This study employed 101 endometrial tissue samples which include 71 endometrial carcinomas and thirty normal and benign endometrium cases. All these tissue samples were used in the assembly of tissue microarrays which have been utilized afterward in immunohistochemistry staining to detect cyclin D1 expression. Forty (56.3%) cases of endometrial carcinomas showed brown nuclear expression of cyclin D1 including 36 (61%) cases of endometrioid carcinomas, and 3 (33.3%) cases of serous carcinomas. Twenty three (76.6%) cases of control group demonstrated nuclear expression. High score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with patient age (P = 0.0001). Large proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining was observed in females who are < 40 years of age while high proportions of negative staining were observed in older age groups. Histologic type of tissue was also significantly related to cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value = 0.0001), high staining is more common in normal proliferative and secretory endometrium while serous carcinoma is more prevalent with negative staining. Stage of tumor was significantly associated with cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining (P-value = 0.029), proportion of stage III and IV are higher in negative cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significantly higher proportion of high score cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed in controls while higher proportion of negative cyclin D1 immunostaining is observed among carcinoma cases (P-value = 0.0001). No significant associations between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining and grade, recurrence and alive status were observed. Significant different survival distributions were observed (P-value = 0.011) and poor survival behavior was correlated with negative cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, greater frequency of cyclin D1 expression was revealed in normal endometrial tissues in comparison with carcinomas. The distribution pattern of cyclin D1 immunoexpression suggests poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.

@article{
 title = {Immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 is significantly associated with grade, stage and differentiation of endometrial carcinomas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Endometrial carcinoma,Galectin-3,Immunohistochemistry},
 pages = {348-352},
 volume = {213},
 publisher = {Urban & Fischer},
 id = {f0722c76-885f-3618-837b-0698d5803060},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.073Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:38.217Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Al-Maghrabi2017},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study describes galectin-3 immunohistochemical phenotype and its association with clinicopathological factors in the carcinoma of endometrium. Seventy one cases of endometrial carcinoma and 30 cases of benign and normal endometrium were employed for the detection of galectin-3 protein using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry staining. Thirty nine (55%) cases, including 54.2% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas and 55.5% serous carcinomas, were positively stained for galectin-3. Brown granular expression of this glycoprotein was detected in transformed epithelial cells of 36 cases including 28 cases with membranous and cytoplasmic staining and 8 cases with only cytoplasmic staining; nuclear expression was present in stromal cells of the remaining 3 cases. Twenty-four (80%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic and membranous expression, and six control cases were negative. Tumor grade, stage and differentiation were significantly associated with galectin-3 immunoreactivity (p-values are 0.043, 0.016, and 0.044 respectively), cases with membranous and cytoplasmic staining is significantly associated with grade I and stage II, while cases with loss of staining are more frequent in grade II, III and poorly differentiated tumors. No significant association of galectin-3 staining was observed with age, diagnosis, recurrence and alive status. The current study supports the tumor suppression role of galectin-3 in endometrial carcinoma. Greater galectin-3 immunostaining has been found in control endometrial tissues compared to endometrial tumors. Loss or decreased galectin-3 immunoexpression gives a sign for poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah and Abdelrahman, Amer Shafie and Ghabrah, Tawfik and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal},
 doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2017.01.012},
 journal = {Pathology Research and Practice},
 number = {4}
}

This study describes galectin-3 immunohistochemical phenotype and its association with clinicopathological factors in the carcinoma of endometrium. Seventy one cases of endometrial carcinoma and 30 cases of benign and normal endometrium were employed for the detection of galectin-3 protein using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry staining. Thirty nine (55%) cases, including 54.2% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas and 55.5% serous carcinomas, were positively stained for galectin-3. Brown granular expression of this glycoprotein was detected in transformed epithelial cells of 36 cases including 28 cases with membranous and cytoplasmic staining and 8 cases with only cytoplasmic staining; nuclear expression was present in stromal cells of the remaining 3 cases. Twenty-four (80%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic and membranous expression, and six control cases were negative. Tumor grade, stage and differentiation were significantly associated with galectin-3 immunoreactivity (p-values are 0.043, 0.016, and 0.044 respectively), cases with membranous and cytoplasmic staining is significantly associated with grade I and stage II, while cases with loss of staining are more frequent in grade II, III and poorly differentiated tumors. No significant association of galectin-3 staining was observed with age, diagnosis, recurrence and alive status. The current study supports the tumor suppression role of galectin-3 in endometrial carcinoma. Greater galectin-3 immunostaining has been found in control endometrial tissues compared to endometrial tumors. Loss or decreased galectin-3 immunoexpression gives a sign for poor prognoses in endometrial carcinoma patients.

@article{
 title = {Expression of p-AMPK is associated with hormone receptor phenotypes and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Breast cancer,Immunohistochemistry,P-AMPK,Phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase},
 pages = {7044-7051},
 volume = {10},
 id = {143340ec-4caf-3812-b0bb-39644f4f02cf},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.109Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:50.974Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khabaz2017},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Many studies have investigated the role of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in cancer tumorigenesis and its antineoplastic effects in cancer models. The aim of this study was to examine the association of p-AMPK immunohistochemical expression with the clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer. Methods: 449 cases of previously diagnosed breast cancer, and 27 tissue samples of fibroadenomas and normal breast were utilized for detection of p-AMPK expression using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoexpression of p-AMPK was identified in 374 (83.3%) of breast cancer and 25 (92.6%) control cases. Hormone receptor phenotypes are significantly associated with p-AMPK staining only in epithelial cells (P-value = 0.033); the proportions of ER+ PR- HER2-hormone receptor phenotype were significantly higher in positive p-AMPK staining epithelial cells. Loss of progesterone receptor (PR) expression was noticeable in breast tumors with positive p-AMPK stromal cells (P-value = 0.043). Histotype of breast cancer is significantly associated with p-AMPK staining in stromal cells only; positive p-AMPK staining was more prevalent in DCIS and ductal histotypes (P-value = 0.032). Lymph node involvement was also significantly associated with p-AMPK immunostaining in both epithelial cells and stromal cells (P-value = 0.037 and P-Value = 0.042 respectively). No significant differences in survival behavior were observed and no significant associations were detected with tumor size, grade of disease, stage, vascular invasion, margins involvement and disease recurrence. Conclusions: Our results showed a slight decrease in p-AMPK expression in breast cancer in comparison with control group. Expression of p-AMPK could be a useful marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of some types of breast cancer with certain hormone receptor phenotype and lymph node involvement.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Al-Sakkaf, Kaltoom and Qureshi, Imtiaz Ahmad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Damnhory, Lila and Elshal, Mohamed and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Aldahlawi, Alia and Ashoor, Sawsan and Brown, Barry and Dobson, Pauline and Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah},
 journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology},
 number = {6}
}

Many studies have investigated the role of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in cancer tumorigenesis and its antineoplastic effects in cancer models. The aim of this study was to examine the association of p-AMPK immunohistochemical expression with the clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer. Methods: 449 cases of previously diagnosed breast cancer, and 27 tissue samples of fibroadenomas and normal breast were utilized for detection of p-AMPK expression using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Results: Nuclear and cytoplasmic immunoexpression of p-AMPK was identified in 374 (83.3%) of breast cancer and 25 (92.6%) control cases. Hormone receptor phenotypes are significantly associated with p-AMPK staining only in epithelial cells (P-value = 0.033); the proportions of ER+ PR- HER2-hormone receptor phenotype were significantly higher in positive p-AMPK staining epithelial cells. Loss of progesterone receptor (PR) expression was noticeable in breast tumors with positive p-AMPK stromal cells (P-value = 0.043). Histotype of breast cancer is significantly associated with p-AMPK staining in stromal cells only; positive p-AMPK staining was more prevalent in DCIS and ductal histotypes (P-value = 0.032). Lymph node involvement was also significantly associated with p-AMPK immunostaining in both epithelial cells and stromal cells (P-value = 0.037 and P-Value = 0.042 respectively). No significant differences in survival behavior were observed and no significant associations were detected with tumor size, grade of disease, stage, vascular invasion, margins involvement and disease recurrence. Conclusions: Our results showed a slight decrease in p-AMPK expression in breast cancer in comparison with control group. Expression of p-AMPK could be a useful marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of some types of breast cancer with certain hormone receptor phenotype and lymph node involvement.

@article{
 title = {The Extended Frechet Distribution: Proporties and Applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Burr X family,Fréchet distribution,Maximum likelihood,Simulation},
 pages = {529},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/2058},
 id = {7aef0bd1-6635-3cf5-8996-320b6b5bb19b},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.206Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:40:38.946Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Zayed2017},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we study a new model called the Burr X exponentiated Fréchet Distribution. The new model exhibits unimodal, unimodal then buthtab and buthtab hazard rates. Various properties of the new model are explored including moments, generating function, probability weighted moments, Stress-strength model and order statisics. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates are discussed. We compare the flexibility of the proposed model with other extensions of the Fréchet distribution by means of two real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zayed, Mohamed and Butt, Nadeem Shahfique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v13i3.2058},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

In this paper, we study a new model called the Burr X exponentiated Fréchet Distribution. The new model exhibits unimodal, unimodal then buthtab and buthtab hazard rates. Various properties of the new model are explored including moments, generating function, probability weighted moments, Stress-strength model and order statisics. The maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the model parameters. Simulation results to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimates are discussed. We compare the flexibility of the proposed model with other extensions of the Fréchet distribution by means of two real data sets.

@article{
 title = {Immunohistochemical staining of leptin is associated with grade, stage, lymph node involvement, recurrence, and hormone receptor phenotypes in breast cancer},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Breast cancer,Immunohistochemistry,Leptin},
 pages = {105},
 volume = {17},
 websites = {https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-017-0459-y},
 month = {12},
 day = {9},
 id = {3bf95ccf-2f9b-3eb5-b043-a9d747813689},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.262Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:40:54.894Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khabaz2017b},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,b31515a1-405d-4ea2-b549-35fc7debdc36},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Obesity is part of the established risk factors for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal females. Circulating leptin increases in parallel with the increase of body weight and fat reservoir. Methods: This research investigated the link between leptin phenotype and the clinicopathological factors in BC. A large set of breast cancer cases (449), and 27 non-cancerous tissue samples of breast were employed for leptin expression recognition using immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Cytoplasmic immunohistochemical staining of leptin was recognized in 376 (83.7%) and 25 (92.6%) of BC and control cases respectively. Leptin immunostaining were significantly associated with age, histotypes, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, tumor recurrence, hormone receptor phenotypes, ER and HER2 expressions, and p-values were (P = 0.0233), (P = 0.0001), (P = 0.050), (P = 0.0291), (P = 0.0300), (P = 0.0023), (P = 0.0021), (P = 0.0279) respectively. Reasonable proportion of cases with low staining score was more prevalent in all subgroups of clinicopathological parameters except ER- PR+ HER2- hormone receptor phenotype and mucinous carcinoma which showed high level of leptin immunoreactivity. Tumor recurrence is less prevailing in high score leptin immunostaining cases. Furthermore, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test findings revealed considerably different survival distributions were observed for the different categories of leptin immunostaining scores (P = 0.032). Negative leptin immunostaining is related to poor survival. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings support leptin clinical value in confirming BC diagnosis as well as prognosis. These results suggest that leptin molecule is an important biomarker that could identify type, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, relapse and prognosis in breast cancer.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Abdelrahman, Amer and Butt, Nadeem and Damnhory, Lila and Elshal, Mohamed and Aldahlawi, Alia M. and Ashoor, Swsan and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Dobson, Pauline and Brown, Barry and Al-Sakkaf, Kaltoom and Al-Qahtani, Mohmmad and Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah},
 doi = {10.1186/s12905-017-0459-y},
 journal = {BMC Women's Health},
 number = {1}
}

Background: Obesity is part of the established risk factors for breast cancer (BC) in postmenopausal females. Circulating leptin increases in parallel with the increase of body weight and fat reservoir. Methods: This research investigated the link between leptin phenotype and the clinicopathological factors in BC. A large set of breast cancer cases (449), and 27 non-cancerous tissue samples of breast were employed for leptin expression recognition using immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Cytoplasmic immunohistochemical staining of leptin was recognized in 376 (83.7%) and 25 (92.6%) of BC and control cases respectively. Leptin immunostaining were significantly associated with age, histotypes, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, tumor recurrence, hormone receptor phenotypes, ER and HER2 expressions, and p-values were (P = 0.0233), (P = 0.0001), (P = 0.050), (P = 0.0291), (P = 0.0300), (P = 0.0023), (P = 0.0021), (P = 0.0279) respectively. Reasonable proportion of cases with low staining score was more prevalent in all subgroups of clinicopathological parameters except ER- PR+ HER2- hormone receptor phenotype and mucinous carcinoma which showed high level of leptin immunoreactivity. Tumor recurrence is less prevailing in high score leptin immunostaining cases. Furthermore, Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test findings revealed considerably different survival distributions were observed for the different categories of leptin immunostaining scores (P = 0.032). Negative leptin immunostaining is related to poor survival. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings support leptin clinical value in confirming BC diagnosis as well as prognosis. These results suggest that leptin molecule is an important biomarker that could identify type, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, relapse and prognosis in breast cancer.

@article{
 title = {AMPK expression patterns are significantly associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {AMP-activated protein kinase,AMP-activated protein kinaseAMPKBreast CancerImmun,AMPK,Breast Cancer,Immunohistochemistry},
 pages = {62-67},
 volume = {29},
 publisher = {WB Saunders},
 id = {2e4acc37-a45f-3287-8121-5d73e573e8f8},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.503Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:42:04.901Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Al-Maghrabi2017a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Many investigators have examined the functions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cancer biology and its anti-neoplastic features in cancer models. The goal of this research is to assess the association of the immunohistochemical expression of AMPK in human mammary tumours with the clinical data of breast cancer patients. 449 cases of previously diagnosed breast cancer, and 27 tissue samples of fibroadenomas and normal breast were utilized for detection of AMPK expression using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Brownish nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were present in epithelial cells and stromal cells in 333 (74.16%) and 348 (77.5%) cancer cases respectively indicating AMPK expression. Twenty two (81.48%) control cases showed AMPK immunoexpression in both epithelial and stromal cells. Significant statistical association has been found between advanced stages of breast cancer and increased intensity of AMPK immunostaining only in epithelial cells (p-value = 0.0001). Histotypes have been correlated with AMPK immunostaining in epithelial cells only (p-value = 0.029). Low AMPK immunostaining scores were more dominant in DCIS, ductal and mixed type's ductal and mucinous histotypes, while high intense staining was more common in the lobular type. Furthermore, breast tumour cases with lymph node metastases showed significant AMPK expression in both epithelial and stromal cells (p-value = 0.0001 and p-value = 0.026). Low scores of AMPK immunostaining were common in breast cancer cases with positive vascular invasion (p-value = 0.007) and disease recurrence (p-value = 0.008). No significant differences in survival behavior distributions were observed for the different categories of AMPK immunostaining in epithelial and stromal cells. In conclusion, our results showed decreased AMPK expression in breast cancer in comparison with the control group. AMPK expression was significantly correlated with some clinicopathological factors like advanced stage, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion and disease recurrence which give indications for poor clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemical staining of AMPK protein is a valuable method which could predict cases of breast cancer with poor prognosis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah and Al-Sakkaf, Kaltoom and Qureshi, Imtiaz Ahmad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Damnhory, Lila and Elshal, Mohamed and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Aldahlawi, Alia and Ashoor, Sawsan and Brown, Barry and Dobson, Pauline and Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal},
 doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2017.05.012},
 journal = {Annals of Diagnostic Pathology}
}

Many investigators have examined the functions of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cancer biology and its anti-neoplastic features in cancer models. The goal of this research is to assess the association of the immunohistochemical expression of AMPK in human mammary tumours with the clinical data of breast cancer patients. 449 cases of previously diagnosed breast cancer, and 27 tissue samples of fibroadenomas and normal breast were utilized for detection of AMPK expression using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. Brownish nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were present in epithelial cells and stromal cells in 333 (74.16%) and 348 (77.5%) cancer cases respectively indicating AMPK expression. Twenty two (81.48%) control cases showed AMPK immunoexpression in both epithelial and stromal cells. Significant statistical association has been found between advanced stages of breast cancer and increased intensity of AMPK immunostaining only in epithelial cells (p-value = 0.0001). Histotypes have been correlated with AMPK immunostaining in epithelial cells only (p-value = 0.029). Low AMPK immunostaining scores were more dominant in DCIS, ductal and mixed type's ductal and mucinous histotypes, while high intense staining was more common in the lobular type. Furthermore, breast tumour cases with lymph node metastases showed significant AMPK expression in both epithelial and stromal cells (p-value = 0.0001 and p-value = 0.026). Low scores of AMPK immunostaining were common in breast cancer cases with positive vascular invasion (p-value = 0.007) and disease recurrence (p-value = 0.008). No significant differences in survival behavior distributions were observed for the different categories of AMPK immunostaining in epithelial and stromal cells. In conclusion, our results showed decreased AMPK expression in breast cancer in comparison with the control group. AMPK expression was significantly correlated with some clinicopathological factors like advanced stage, lymph node involvement, vascular invasion and disease recurrence which give indications for poor clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemical staining of AMPK protein is a valuable method which could predict cases of breast cancer with poor prognosis.

@article{
 title = {Psychometric evaluation of dietary habits questionnaire for type 2 diabetes mellitus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 volume = {890},
 id = {2e6d3420-16a5-3d82-a0e1-2f528e80198b},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.699Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:41:32.035Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sami2017},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This research evaluated the psychometric properties of English version of dietary habits questionnaires developed for type 2 diabetic patients. There is scarcity of literature about availability of standardized questionnaires for assessing dietary habits of type 2 diabetics in Saudi Arabia. As dietary habits vary from country to country, therefore, this was an attempt to develop questionnaires that can serve as a baseline. Through intensive literature review, four questionnaires were developed / modified and subsequently tested for psychometric properties. Prior to pilot study, a pre-test was conducted to evaluate the face validity and content validity. The pilot study was conducted from 23 October - 22 November, 2016 to evaluate the questionnaires' reliability and validity. Systematic random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 132 patients by direct investigation method. Questionnaires assessing diabetes mellitus knowledge (0.891), dietary knowledge (0.869), dietary attitude (0.841) and dietary practices (0.874) had good internal consistency reliability. Factor analysis conducted on dietary attitude questionnaire showed a valid 5 factor solution. Directions of loadings were positive and free from factorial complexity. Relying on the data obtained from type 2 diabetics, these questionnaires can be considered as reliable and valid for the assessment of dietary habits in Saudi Arabia and neighbouring Gulf countries population.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sami, W. and Ansari, T. and Butt, N.S. S. and Ab Hamid, M.R. R.},
 doi = {10.1088/1742-6596/890/1/012151},
 journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
 number = {1}
}

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This research evaluated the psychometric properties of English version of dietary habits questionnaires developed for type 2 diabetic patients. There is scarcity of literature about availability of standardized questionnaires for assessing dietary habits of type 2 diabetics in Saudi Arabia. As dietary habits vary from country to country, therefore, this was an attempt to develop questionnaires that can serve as a baseline. Through intensive literature review, four questionnaires were developed / modified and subsequently tested for psychometric properties. Prior to pilot study, a pre-test was conducted to evaluate the face validity and content validity. The pilot study was conducted from 23 October - 22 November, 2016 to evaluate the questionnaires' reliability and validity. Systematic random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 132 patients by direct investigation method. Questionnaires assessing diabetes mellitus knowledge (0.891), dietary knowledge (0.869), dietary attitude (0.841) and dietary practices (0.874) had good internal consistency reliability. Factor analysis conducted on dietary attitude questionnaire showed a valid 5 factor solution. Directions of loadings were positive and free from factorial complexity. Relying on the data obtained from type 2 diabetics, these questionnaires can be considered as reliable and valid for the assessment of dietary habits in Saudi Arabia and neighbouring Gulf countries population.

@article{
 title = {The exponential pareto power series distribution: Theory and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 keywords = {Exponential pareto distribution,Maximum likelihood estimation,Moments,Power series distribution},
 pages = {603-615},
 volume = {13},
 id = {5b11bf34-463d-368b-ba19-908cb52aa686},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.008Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:13.363Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Elbatal2017},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new lifetime class of distributions is introduced by compounding the exponential Pareto and power series distributions. The compounding procedure follows the same set-up carried out by Adamidis and Loukas (1998). We obtain several properties of the new class including ordinary and conditional, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, residual and reversed residual lifes and order statistics. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is carried out to estimate the model parameters. We present three special models of the proposed class.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Elbatal, I. and Zayed, Mohamed and Rasekhi, Mahdi and Butt, Nadeem Shafique N.S.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v13i3.2072},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

A new lifetime class of distributions is introduced by compounding the exponential Pareto and power series distributions. The compounding procedure follows the same set-up carried out by Adamidis and Loukas (1998). We obtain several properties of the new class including ordinary and conditional, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, residual and reversed residual lifes and order statistics. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is carried out to estimate the model parameters. We present three special models of the proposed class.

@article{
 title = {On Six-Parameter Frechet Distribution: Properties and Applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Goodness-of-fit,Maximum Likelihood Estimation,Moments of residual life,Order Statistics},
 pages = {281-299},
 volume = {12},
 id = {650affae-6081-3f99-ab37-ea9e4ea6a76c},
 created = {2016-09-07T16:58:27.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:24:49.591Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yousof2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This paper introduces a new generalization of the transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution of Afify et al. (2015), using Kumaraswamy generalized family. The new model is referred to as Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution. This model contains sixty two sub-models as special cases such as the Kumaraswamy transmuted Fréchet, Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin, generalized inverse Weibull and Kumaraswamy Gumbel type II distributions, among others. Various mathematical properties of the proposed distribution including closed forms for ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and Rényi and -entropies are derived. The unknown parameters of the new distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate the importance of the new model by means of two applications to real data sets. Keywords:},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yousof, Haitham M and Ahmed, Z A and Abd El Hadi, N Ebraheim and Hamedani, G G and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

This paper introduces a new generalization of the transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution of Afify et al. (2015), using Kumaraswamy generalized family. The new model is referred to as Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution. This model contains sixty two sub-models as special cases such as the Kumaraswamy transmuted Fréchet, Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin, generalized inverse Weibull and Kumaraswamy Gumbel type II distributions, among others. Various mathematical properties of the proposed distribution including closed forms for ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and Rényi and -entropies are derived. The unknown parameters of the new distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate the importance of the new model by means of two applications to real data sets. Keywords:

@article{
 title = {Transmuted power function distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Maximum likelihood estimation,Moment generating function,Order statistics,Power function,Reliability function,Rényi entropy,Transmuted},
 pages = {177-185},
 volume = {29},
 id = {a965a52f-8024-38af-867a-8ae8ce43cc06},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:45.232Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:57.856Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {UlHaq2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study provides a three parameter Transmuted Power Function distribution that is the generalization of the Power Function distribution. Structural properties of the proposed distribution was derived including survival, hazard rate, moments, quintiles, mode, Rényi entropy, smallest and largest densities of ordered statistics. Maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters. Two real data sets are used to compare the flexibility of the new model versus the other distributions},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ul Haq, Muhammad Ahsan and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Usman, Rana Muhammad and Fattah, Ahmed A.},
 journal = {Gazi University Journal of Science},
 number = {1}
}

This study provides a three parameter Transmuted Power Function distribution that is the generalization of the Power Function distribution. Structural properties of the proposed distribution was derived including survival, hazard rate, moments, quintiles, mode, Rényi entropy, smallest and largest densities of ordered statistics. Maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters. Two real data sets are used to compare the flexibility of the new model versus the other distributions

@article{
 title = {Clusterin immunoexpression is associated with early stage endometrial carcinomas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Clusterin,Endometrial carcinoma,Immunohistochemistry},
 pages = {430-434},
 volume = {118},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 id = {27ae7d37-0bf7-35a7-abf1-1eaf06a70aa0},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:47.076Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-09T11:50:40.651Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Al-Maghrabi2016a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Clusterin has anti-apoptotic, regeneration and migration stimulating effects on tumor cells. This study investigates the relation between clusterin expression and the clinicopathological parameters in endometrial carcinomas. Seventy one cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 59 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 9 serous adenocarcinoma, 1 clear cell adenocarcinoma, and 2 malignant mixed Mullerian tumor) and 30 tissue samples of non-cancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometrium, 10 secretory endometrium and 4 endometrial polyps) were employed for clusterin detection using tissue microarrays and immunostaining. A total number of 23 (32.4%) cases were positive for clusterin immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of clusterin was detected in 33.9% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 22.2% papillary serous endometrial carcinomas. Three (10%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive clusterin immunostaining was found more frequent in well differentiated and stage I endometrial carcinomas, showing significant statistical association (p-value = 0.036 and p-value = 0.002 respectively). Significant difference in clusterin expression was observed between tumor cases and control group (P-Value = 0.019), i.e., endometrial carcinoma cases are more than four times likely to show positive clusterin immunostaining (odds ratio 4.313 with 95% confidence interval 1.184-15.701). This study did not find relation between clusterin expression and disease recurrence, survival or any of the other clinicopathological parameters in endometrial tumors. The results of our study confirms the diagnostic values of clusterin in supporting the diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma. When clusterin is expressed in endometrial tumors, it is associated with lower stage. The correlation of clusterin with tumor stage suggests involvement of this molecule in endometrial tumor progression.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah Ahmed and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Anfinan, Nisrin and Sait, Khalid and Sait, Hesham and Bajouh, Osama and Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal},
 doi = {10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.003},
 journal = {Acta Histochemica},
 number = {4}
}

Clusterin has anti-apoptotic, regeneration and migration stimulating effects on tumor cells. This study investigates the relation between clusterin expression and the clinicopathological parameters in endometrial carcinomas. Seventy one cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 59 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 9 serous adenocarcinoma, 1 clear cell adenocarcinoma, and 2 malignant mixed Mullerian tumor) and 30 tissue samples of non-cancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometrium, 10 secretory endometrium and 4 endometrial polyps) were employed for clusterin detection using tissue microarrays and immunostaining. A total number of 23 (32.4%) cases were positive for clusterin immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of clusterin was detected in 33.9% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 22.2% papillary serous endometrial carcinomas. Three (10%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive clusterin immunostaining was found more frequent in well differentiated and stage I endometrial carcinomas, showing significant statistical association (p-value = 0.036 and p-value = 0.002 respectively). Significant difference in clusterin expression was observed between tumor cases and control group (P-Value = 0.019), i.e., endometrial carcinoma cases are more than four times likely to show positive clusterin immunostaining (odds ratio 4.313 with 95% confidence interval 1.184-15.701). This study did not find relation between clusterin expression and disease recurrence, survival or any of the other clinicopathological parameters in endometrial tumors. The results of our study confirms the diagnostic values of clusterin in supporting the diagnosis of endometrioid carcinoma. When clusterin is expressed in endometrial tumors, it is associated with lower stage. The correlation of clusterin with tumor stage suggests involvement of this molecule in endometrial tumor progression.

@article{
 title = {Use of e-Learning for Stress management–Multi-group moderation analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Management Level,Manufacturing Sector,Moderation,Services Sector,Stress Management,eLearning},
 pages = {695-707},
 volume = {12},
 id = {d4408997-552c-36d6-a5bc-25bfbd1760a6},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:47.263Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:30.738Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sarwar2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The goal of this study is to find out the moderating role of type of industry and different levels of management with respect to eLearning perception, eLearning advantages and use of eLearning for Stress Management. Study tried to find out relationship between perceptions of eLearning, eLearning Advantages, perception of using eLearning for corporate training and more specifically for stress management. A cross sectional survey is conducted through structured questionnaire to collect the data from 686 managers working at different levels including 331 from manufacturing sector and 355 from services sector. Results of the study show positive relationship between perception of eLearning and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for services industry. Positive relationship between eLearning advantages and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for manufacturing industry. Study also revealed that positive relationship between eLearning perception and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is not significantly stronger for senior management than for middle managemen},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sarwar, Aamir and Ketavan, Chitapa and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v12i4.1632},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

The goal of this study is to find out the moderating role of type of industry and different levels of management with respect to eLearning perception, eLearning advantages and use of eLearning for Stress Management. Study tried to find out relationship between perceptions of eLearning, eLearning Advantages, perception of using eLearning for corporate training and more specifically for stress management. A cross sectional survey is conducted through structured questionnaire to collect the data from 686 managers working at different levels including 331 from manufacturing sector and 355 from services sector. Results of the study show positive relationship between perception of eLearning and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for services industry. Positive relationship between eLearning advantages and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for manufacturing industry. Study also revealed that positive relationship between eLearning perception and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is not significantly stronger for senior management than for middle managemen

@article{
 title = {Use of e-learning for stress management - multi-group moderation analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Elearning,Management level,Manufacturing sector,Moderation,Services sector,Stress management},
 pages = {695-707},
 volume = {12},
 id = {9c282b5d-4607-3f1b-ad2d-b4c253b3c12f},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.912Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:44.503Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sarwar2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The goal of this study is to find out the moderating role of type of industry and different levels of management with respect to eLearning perception, eLearning advantages and use of eLearning for Stress Management. Study tried to find out relationship between perceptions of eLearning, eLearning Advantages, perception of using eLearning for corporate training and more specifically for stress management. A cross sectional survey is conducted through structured questionnaire to collect the data from 686 managers working at different levels including 331 from manufacturing sector and 355 from services sector. Results of the study show positive relationship between perception of eLearning and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for services industry. Positive relationship between eLearning advantages and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for manufacturing industry. Study also revealed that positive relationship between eLearning perception and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is not significantly stronger for senior management than for middle management.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sarwar, Aamir and Ketavan, Chitapa and Butt, N.S. Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v12i4.1632},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

The goal of this study is to find out the moderating role of type of industry and different levels of management with respect to eLearning perception, eLearning advantages and use of eLearning for Stress Management. Study tried to find out relationship between perceptions of eLearning, eLearning Advantages, perception of using eLearning for corporate training and more specifically for stress management. A cross sectional survey is conducted through structured questionnaire to collect the data from 686 managers working at different levels including 331 from manufacturing sector and 355 from services sector. Results of the study show positive relationship between perception of eLearning and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for services industry. Positive relationship between eLearning advantages and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is significantly stronger for manufacturing industry. Study also revealed that positive relationship between eLearning perception and eLearning for stress management and this relationship is not significantly stronger for senior management than for middle management.

@article{
 title = {Loss of c-met expression in malignant endometrial tumors: An immunohistochemistry study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Endometrial tumors,Immunohistochemistry,c-Met},
 pages = {4416-4423},
 volume = {9},
 id = {839d4d17-c141-37ea-9d4b-6b8e3b986068},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.725Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:15.030Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khabaz2016},
 folder_uuids = {5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: Many studies described c-Met involvement in cancer development and progression by its multiple biological responses, which stimulate proliferation, differentiation, survival, motility, migration, angiogenesis and invasion. This study portrays the immunostaining of c-Met in endometrial neoplasms, and assesses its value as diagnostic and prognostic marker. Methods: This study retrospectively recruited 102 cases that include 72 and 30 cases of malignant and benign endometrial tissues respectively. These cases were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Tissue microarrays and immunostaining were used to show the phenotype of c-met. Results: A total number of 13 (18.05%) tumor cases were positive for c-met immunostaining. Yalow to brown cytoplasmic and/or membranous expression of c-met was detected in 2/9 (22.2%) of papillary serous endometrial carcinomas, 9/53 (17%) of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and one case of each endometrial stromal sarcoma and malignant mixed Mullerian tumor. Twenty three (76.6%) control cases showed positive immunostaining. c-Met immunostaining was common in the cytoplasm more than membranes in malignant tumors while it was cytoplasmic and membranous in benign tissues. Significant different c-Met immunostaining distribution was observed between tumor cases and control group (P-Value = 0.0000). Furthermore, inverse odds ratio shows that tumor cases are 14.92 times less likely of having positive c-Met immunostaining (odds ratio 0.067 with 95% confidence interval 0.024-0.189). This study did not find relation between c-Met expression and disease recurrence, survival or any of the other clinicopathological parameters in endometrial tumors. Conclusion: This study in favor of c-Met expression is not a valuable factor for tumor development, recurrence, and survival in endometrial tumors. Greater c-Met staining was seen in normal and benign endometrial tissue compared to endometrial carcinomas. Loss of c-Met expression gives an indication for endometrial tumors.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Anfinan, Nisrin and Sait, Khalid and Sait, Hesham and Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah Ahmed},
 journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology},
 number = {4}
}

Introduction: Many studies described c-Met involvement in cancer development and progression by its multiple biological responses, which stimulate proliferation, differentiation, survival, motility, migration, angiogenesis and invasion. This study portrays the immunostaining of c-Met in endometrial neoplasms, and assesses its value as diagnostic and prognostic marker. Methods: This study retrospectively recruited 102 cases that include 72 and 30 cases of malignant and benign endometrial tissues respectively. These cases were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Tissue microarrays and immunostaining were used to show the phenotype of c-met. Results: A total number of 13 (18.05%) tumor cases were positive for c-met immunostaining. Yalow to brown cytoplasmic and/or membranous expression of c-met was detected in 2/9 (22.2%) of papillary serous endometrial carcinomas, 9/53 (17%) of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and one case of each endometrial stromal sarcoma and malignant mixed Mullerian tumor. Twenty three (76.6%) control cases showed positive immunostaining. c-Met immunostaining was common in the cytoplasm more than membranes in malignant tumors while it was cytoplasmic and membranous in benign tissues. Significant different c-Met immunostaining distribution was observed between tumor cases and control group (P-Value = 0.0000). Furthermore, inverse odds ratio shows that tumor cases are 14.92 times less likely of having positive c-Met immunostaining (odds ratio 0.067 with 95% confidence interval 0.024-0.189). This study did not find relation between c-Met expression and disease recurrence, survival or any of the other clinicopathological parameters in endometrial tumors. Conclusion: This study in favor of c-Met expression is not a valuable factor for tumor development, recurrence, and survival in endometrial tumors. Greater c-Met staining was seen in normal and benign endometrial tissue compared to endometrial carcinomas. Loss of c-Met expression gives an indication for endometrial tumors.

@article{
 title = {The McDonald's inverse weibull distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Generalized beta function,Inverse weibull distribution,McDonald distribution},
 pages = {775-785},
 volume = {12},
 id = {fa6fbdfe-8eae-395d-b0be-28a8840207ab},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.130Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:28.053Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Shahbaz2016},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We have proposed a new Inverse Weibull distribution by using the generalized Beta distribution of McDonald (1984). Basic properties of the proposed distribution has been studied. Parameter estimation has been discussed alongside an illustrative example.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shahbaz, Saman Hanif and Ismail, Muhammad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v12i4.1650},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

We have proposed a new Inverse Weibull distribution by using the generalized Beta distribution of McDonald (1984). Basic properties of the proposed distribution has been studied. Parameter estimation has been discussed alongside an illustrative example.

@article{
 title = {Leptin expression in stromal cells of endometrial carcinomas is associated with advanced stage and disease recurrence},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Endometrial carcinoma,Immunohistochemistry,Leptin},
 pages = {11774-11780},
 volume = {9},
 id = {26d69977-c2e5-30d4-ad5f-280a1419f430},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.563Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:42:28.031Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khabaz2016a},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study investigates the relation between leptin expression and the clinicopathological parameters in endometrial carcinomas. Seventy-one cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 59 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 9 serous carcinomas, 1 clear cell adenocarcinoma, and 2 malignant mixed Mullerian tumors) and 30 tissue samples of non-cancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometrium, 10 secretory endometrium and 4 endometrial polyps) were employed for leptin detection using tissue microarrays and immunostaining. A total number of 48 (67.6%) cases were positive for leptin immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of leptin was detected in almost 68% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 66.7% serous carcinomas. Twenty-one (70%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive leptin immunostaining was found more frequent in transformed epithelial cells and stromal cells of endometrioid adenocarcinomas and serous carcinomas respectively, showing significant statistical association (P-value = 0.005). Tumor stage is also significantly associated with cell type leptin immunoreactivity (P-value = 0.007), a considerable fraction of stage II is associated with leptin immunostaining of transformed epithelium whereas leptin immunoreactivity in endometrial stromal cells is more frequent in stage III. Disease recurrence rate is significantly higher in patients whom endometrial stromal cells are positive for leptin immunostaining (P-value = 0.000). Poor survival status (death) is also significantly associated with a group of patients whom endometrial stromal cells showed positive leptin immunoreactivity (P-value = 0.000). Our results confirm the diagnostic and prognostic values of leptin in supporting the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinomas. These preliminary findings recommend that leptin may be a valuable marker for predicting histotype, stage, recurrence and poor prognosis in endometrial carcinoma.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Anfinan, Nisrin and Sait, Khalid and Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah},
 journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology},
 number = {11}
}

This study investigates the relation between leptin expression and the clinicopathological parameters in endometrial carcinomas. Seventy-one cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 59 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 9 serous carcinomas, 1 clear cell adenocarcinoma, and 2 malignant mixed Mullerian tumors) and 30 tissue samples of non-cancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometrium, 10 secretory endometrium and 4 endometrial polyps) were employed for leptin detection using tissue microarrays and immunostaining. A total number of 48 (67.6%) cases were positive for leptin immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of leptin was detected in almost 68% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 66.7% serous carcinomas. Twenty-one (70%) control cases showed granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive leptin immunostaining was found more frequent in transformed epithelial cells and stromal cells of endometrioid adenocarcinomas and serous carcinomas respectively, showing significant statistical association (P-value = 0.005). Tumor stage is also significantly associated with cell type leptin immunoreactivity (P-value = 0.007), a considerable fraction of stage II is associated with leptin immunostaining of transformed epithelium whereas leptin immunoreactivity in endometrial stromal cells is more frequent in stage III. Disease recurrence rate is significantly higher in patients whom endometrial stromal cells are positive for leptin immunostaining (P-value = 0.000). Poor survival status (death) is also significantly associated with a group of patients whom endometrial stromal cells showed positive leptin immunoreactivity (P-value = 0.000). Our results confirm the diagnostic and prognostic values of leptin in supporting the diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial carcinomas. These preliminary findings recommend that leptin may be a valuable marker for predicting histotype, stage, recurrence and poor prognosis in endometrial carcinoma.

@article{
 title = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Link between diet, HBA1c and complications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Diabetes complications,Diet,Glycaemic control,Type 2 diabetes mellitus},
 pages = {346-356},
 volume = {9},
 id = {d81a1d5d-5fa1-3680-8cc7-ad55ce978dd5},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.593Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:41:28.103Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sami2016},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background Diabetes mellitus is now globally considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It is associated with high rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Regular consumption of high caloric food, poor dietary habits and adoption of sedentary life style has been linked with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aims The purpose of this review is; to highlight the influence of diet on HbA1c in type 2 diabetics, to explore association between HbA1c and diabetes complications and to propose a dietary consultation model for more effective diabetes care. Methods The literature was reviewed intensively from January-March 2016 through PubMed central, Medscape, Google Scholar and other databases. The keywords and MeSH terms used in this search were “diabetes mellitus”, “glycated haemoglobin”, “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus” and “diabetes complications”. Results Dietary management is a superior option for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to keep the HbA1c level in acceptable range to delay the onset and progression of diabetes complications. In this review, various food groups that can have beneficial and adverse effects on HbA1c have been identified. Moreover, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) stood out as the most prevalent complication of poorly managed diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion The dimensions of the proposed dietary consultation model are based on the assessment of diabetics’ diabetes mellitus knowledge, dietary knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary practices. This assessment if carried out at the initial stage of Diabetes mellitus can be helpful in delaying the early onset and progression of microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sami, Waqas and Ansari, Tahir and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ab Hamid, Mohd Rashid},
 doi = {10.4066/AMJ.2016.2708},
 journal = {Australasian Medical Journal},
 number = {9}
}

Background Diabetes mellitus is now globally considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. It is associated with high rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Regular consumption of high caloric food, poor dietary habits and adoption of sedentary life style has been linked with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Aims The purpose of this review is; to highlight the influence of diet on HbA1c in type 2 diabetics, to explore association between HbA1c and diabetes complications and to propose a dietary consultation model for more effective diabetes care. Methods The literature was reviewed intensively from January-March 2016 through PubMed central, Medscape, Google Scholar and other databases. The keywords and MeSH terms used in this search were “diabetes mellitus”, “glycated haemoglobin”, “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “diet and type 2 diabetes mellitus” and “diabetes complications”. Results Dietary management is a superior option for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is important to keep the HbA1c level in acceptable range to delay the onset and progression of diabetes complications. In this review, various food groups that can have beneficial and adverse effects on HbA1c have been identified. Moreover, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) stood out as the most prevalent complication of poorly managed diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Conclusion The dimensions of the proposed dietary consultation model are based on the assessment of diabetics’ diabetes mellitus knowledge, dietary knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary practices. This assessment if carried out at the initial stage of Diabetes mellitus can be helpful in delaying the early onset and progression of microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications.

@article{
 title = {The transmuted Weibull-Pareto distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Bonferroni and Lorenz curves,Likelihood estimation,Order statistics,Transmuted family,Weibull-Pareto distribution},
 pages = {183-206},
 volume = {32},
 id = {ce879d8d-7823-3555-8e62-1790519ec47d},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.721Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:41:43.457Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Afify2016},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new generalization of the Weibull-Pareto distribution called the transmuted Weibull-Pareto distribution is proposed and studied. Various mathematical properties of this distribution including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and order statistics are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. The flexibility of the new lifetime model is illustrated by means of an application to a real data set.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Afify, Ahmed Z. and Yousof, Haitham M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Hamedani, G. G.},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics},
 number = {3}
}

A new generalization of the Weibull-Pareto distribution called the transmuted Weibull-Pareto distribution is proposed and studied. Various mathematical properties of this distribution including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves and order statistics are derived. The method of maximum likelihood is used for estimating the model parameters. The flexibility of the new lifetime model is illustrated by means of an application to a real data set.

@article{
 title = {Cyclin D1 expression is associated with stage, grade and survival in urinary bladder carcinoma},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Bladder cancer,Cyclin D1,Immunohistochemistry,bladder cancer,cyclin d1,immunohistochemistry},
 pages = {23482-23490},
 volume = {9},
 id = {c91e5b3b-0acd-3b1c-9d51-11402af4c309},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.881Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:43:05.264Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Khabaz2016b},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study investigates the association between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical phenotype and the clinicopathological findings in bladder cancer. One hundred and twenty eight cases of previously diagnosed bladder cancer and 24 tissue samples of normal bladder were utilized for cyclin D1 expression detection using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. High grading score of nuclear cyclin D1 immuno expression has been found in 66 (51.6%) bladder cancer cases, while 12 (50%) control cases showed cyclin D1 immunoreactivity. Strong cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with low grades (P=0.001), low stages (P=0.005), while low scores of cyclin D1 immunostaining were associated with muscularis propria invasion (P=0.003), lymph node invasion (P=0.024), and vascular invasion (P=0.010). Furthermore, histotype of bladder cancer slightly associated with cyclin D1 immunostaining (P=0.049), all of the squamous cell carcinoma cases showed low level of cyclin D1 immunostaining, while 55.4% of urothelial carcinoma cases revealed strong cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significant different survival distributions have been observed with cyclin D1 staining of transformed epithelium (P=0.026). High cyclin D1 staining of transformed epithelial cells is positively associated with poor survival. Our results confirm the great values of cyclin D1 in the prognosis of bladder cancer. These preliminary findings recommend that cyclin D1 maybe a valuable tissue biomarker for presaging grade, stage, and poor prognosis in bladder cancer.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal and Buhmeida, Abdelbaset and Ghabrah, Tawfik and Qureshi, Imtiaz Ahmad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Al-Maghrabi, Basim and Nedjadi, Taoufik and Al-Qahtani, Mohmmad and Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah},
 journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine},
 number = {12}
}

This study investigates the association between cyclin D1 immunohistochemical phenotype and the clinicopathological findings in bladder cancer. One hundred and twenty eight cases of previously diagnosed bladder cancer and 24 tissue samples of normal bladder were utilized for cyclin D1 expression detection using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry. High grading score of nuclear cyclin D1 immuno expression has been found in 66 (51.6%) bladder cancer cases, while 12 (50%) control cases showed cyclin D1 immunoreactivity. Strong cyclin D1 immunohistochemical staining has been significantly linked with low grades (P=0.001), low stages (P=0.005), while low scores of cyclin D1 immunostaining were associated with muscularis propria invasion (P=0.003), lymph node invasion (P=0.024), and vascular invasion (P=0.010). Furthermore, histotype of bladder cancer slightly associated with cyclin D1 immunostaining (P=0.049), all of the squamous cell carcinoma cases showed low level of cyclin D1 immunostaining, while 55.4% of urothelial carcinoma cases revealed strong cyclin D1 immunostaining. Significant different survival distributions have been observed with cyclin D1 staining of transformed epithelium (P=0.026). High cyclin D1 staining of transformed epithelial cells is positively associated with poor survival. Our results confirm the great values of cyclin D1 in the prognosis of bladder cancer. These preliminary findings recommend that cyclin D1 maybe a valuable tissue biomarker for presaging grade, stage, and poor prognosis in bladder cancer.

@article{
 title = {Infrequent Immunohistochemical Expression of Napsin A in Endometrial Carcinomas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {clear cell carcinoma,endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma,immunohistochemistry,napsin A},
 pages = {1},
 volume = {25},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26945446%5Cnhttp://Insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00129039-900000000-99117},
 id = {1e3b6f00-e0f6-3f18-87db-fc4fe17dd89b},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.194Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:47:31.396Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Al-Maghrabi2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Introduction: Many studies described napsin A as a specific diagnostic marker that aids in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from other respiratory tumors. This study describes the expression phenotype of napsin A in endometrial neoplasms, it investigates the relationship between this expression profile and the clinicopathologic parameters, and assess its utilization as an independent predictive marker. Methods: A total of 76 cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 53 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 6 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation, 9 serous adenocarcinomas, 6 clear cell adenocarcinomas, and 2 malignant mixed mullerian tumors) and 30 tissue samples of noncancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometriums, 10 secretory endometriums and 4 endometrial polyps) were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. For napsin A detection, tissue microarrays and immunostaining were used. Results: A total number of 12 (15.78%) cases were positive for napsin A immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of napsin A was detected in 9.4% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 16.7% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation, 22.2% of papillary serous endometrial carcinomas, and 66.7% of clear cell carcinomas. Three (10%) control cases showed similar granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive napsin A immunostaining was more frequent in clear cell carcinoma, and there is a significant association between positive napsin A immunostaining and clear cell carcinoma (P-value=0.007). Significant associations have been found also between napsin A expression and older ages (above 60 y) and higher stage (IVB), the P-values of which were 0.035 and 0.043, respectively, but not with the tumor recurrence or survival rate. Conclusions: Although napsin A is infrequently expressed in endometrial carcinomas, positive results of napsin A immunostaining in endometrial neoplasms might support the diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma when the pathologic differential diagnosis includes other histologic subtypes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Al-Maghrabi, Jaudah A. and Butt, Nadeem S. and Anfinan, Nisrin and Sait, Khalid and Sait, Hesham and Marzouki, Anas and Khabaz, Mohamad Nidal},
 doi = {10.1097/PAI.0000000000000350},
 journal = {Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology},
 number = {9}
}

Introduction: Many studies described napsin A as a specific diagnostic marker that aids in differentiating lung adenocarcinomas from other respiratory tumors. This study describes the expression phenotype of napsin A in endometrial neoplasms, it investigates the relationship between this expression profile and the clinicopathologic parameters, and assess its utilization as an independent predictive marker. Methods: A total of 76 cases of previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma (including 53 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 6 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation, 9 serous adenocarcinomas, 6 clear cell adenocarcinomas, and 2 malignant mixed mullerian tumors) and 30 tissue samples of noncancerous endometrium (including 16 proliferative endometriums, 10 secretory endometriums and 4 endometrial polyps) were retrieved from the archives of Pathology Department at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. For napsin A detection, tissue microarrays and immunostaining were used. Results: A total number of 12 (15.78%) cases were positive for napsin A immunostaining. Brown granular cytoplasmic expression of napsin A was detected in 9.4% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 16.7% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas with squamous differentiation, 22.2% of papillary serous endometrial carcinomas, and 66.7% of clear cell carcinomas. Three (10%) control cases showed similar granular cytoplasmic expression. Positive napsin A immunostaining was more frequent in clear cell carcinoma, and there is a significant association between positive napsin A immunostaining and clear cell carcinoma (P-value=0.007). Significant associations have been found also between napsin A expression and older ages (above 60 y) and higher stage (IVB), the P-values of which were 0.035 and 0.043, respectively, but not with the tumor recurrence or survival rate. Conclusions: Although napsin A is infrequently expressed in endometrial carcinomas, positive results of napsin A immunostaining in endometrial neoplasms might support the diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma when the pathologic differential diagnosis includes other histologic subtypes.

@article{
 title = {Association of ankle brachial index in middle aged and elderly with their cardiovascular risk factors: a cross-sectional study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Ankle Brachial Index,Peripheral arterial disease,ankle,blood pressure,cardiovascular risk factors,cross sectional study,diabetes mellitus,disease,dyslipidemia,medicine,obesity,physical therapy,risk factor},
 pages = {151-157},
 volume = {49},
 id = {062fe491-2f26-3707-ad6d-8b5ac6483d17},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.477Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:46:06.371Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Anwer2016},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objective: To find the association of individual cardiovascular risk factor and the number of cardiovascular risk factors with Ankle Brachial Index. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Cardiology Executive and Family Medicine clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi for a period of 1 year between 1st May 2009 and 30th April 2010. The risk factors included were age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking and obesity. The systolic blood pressure level was noted in both the brachial arteries and then systolic pressure was measured in both the posterior tibial and dorsalispedis arteries with a standardized method using 8 MHz Doppler probe. The value of Ankle Brachial Index was determined as the ratio of the mean of the ankle systolic pressures to the mean of brachial systolic pressures. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: About 100 participants were screened for cardiovascular risk factors with an interview-based questionnaire. The ankle brachial index was below normal (0.9) in 40% off patients. Of cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with ankle brachial index values (p<0.05) . As the number of cardiovascular risk factors increase, there is a proportionate decrease in ankle brachial index. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial disease is more likely to occur in patients with dyslipidemia and hypertension. The risk of peripheral arterial disease increases with increase in number of cardiovascular risk factors in middle aged and elderly. These patients require a more stringent control of their risk factors to prevent complications. Key},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Anwer, Fahad and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Bakarman, Marwan A and Ahmad, Ansar Shafique and Bashir, Mohammad Abid},
 journal = {Pakistan Heart Journal},
 number = {4}
}

Objective: To find the association of individual cardiovascular risk factor and the number of cardiovascular risk factors with Ankle Brachial Index. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Cardiology Executive and Family Medicine clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi for a period of 1 year between 1st May 2009 and 30th April 2010. The risk factors included were age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking and obesity. The systolic blood pressure level was noted in both the brachial arteries and then systolic pressure was measured in both the posterior tibial and dorsalispedis arteries with a standardized method using 8 MHz Doppler probe. The value of Ankle Brachial Index was determined as the ratio of the mean of the ankle systolic pressures to the mean of brachial systolic pressures. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: About 100 participants were screened for cardiovascular risk factors with an interview-based questionnaire. The ankle brachial index was below normal (0.9) in 40% off patients. Of cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension and dyslipidemia were significantly associated with ankle brachial index values (p<0.05) . As the number of cardiovascular risk factors increase, there is a proportionate decrease in ankle brachial index. Conclusion: Peripheral arterial disease is more likely to occur in patients with dyslipidemia and hypertension. The risk of peripheral arterial disease increases with increase in number of cardiovascular risk factors in middle aged and elderly. These patients require a more stringent control of their risk factors to prevent complications. Key

@article{
 title = {Single institutional series of neuroendocrine tumors managed in the Australian Capital Territory},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Chromogranin A,Epidemiology,Neuroendocrine tumors,Prognostic factors,Survival},
 pages = {e133-e140},
 volume = {12},
 publisher = {American Society of Clinical Oncology},
 id = {e374ac2c-c1d8-36e3-96b4-fa817fdff830},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:56:36.751Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:56:54.193Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Malik2016},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Aims: Retrospective review of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) treated within the Australian Capital Territory to describe the local epidemiology and assess prognostic clinicopathological factors. Methods: Patients with histologically proven non-pulmonary low to intermediate grade NETs were identified from our hospital clinical database. Data were analyzed according to epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics. Results: Of the 107 included patients, the most common primary tumor site was jejunum/ileum (32%), followed by rectum (22%) and pancreas (11.2%). In total, 32% had distant metastases at presentation, most commonly in the liver. Most patients were symptomatic at diagnosis, while 22.4% of cases were found incidentally. Second malignancies, in particular of gastrointestinal origin, were diagnosed in 33.6%. Surgical debulking was the most common treatment (59.8%) while 18% had multimodality therapy. With a median follow-up of 25 months from diagnosis, about 78% of patients are still alive. Median time to first relapse was 15 months and the 5-year survival rate was 80% for NETs of jejunum/ileum. Univariate survival analysis revealed tumor location, high Ki67 index, raised plasma chromogranin A, and urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid upon diagnosis to be associated with shorter 5-year survival. Conclusion: The epidemiologic characteristics and long-term outcome in our series are comparable to other reported studies. This analysis presents some important prognostic factors which could be used for risk stratification in patients with NETs.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Malik, Laeeq and Chua, Yu Jo and Butt, Nadeem S. and Yip, Desmond},
 doi = {10.1111/ajco.12121},
 journal = {Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology},
 number = {1}
}

Aims: Retrospective review of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) treated within the Australian Capital Territory to describe the local epidemiology and assess prognostic clinicopathological factors. Methods: Patients with histologically proven non-pulmonary low to intermediate grade NETs were identified from our hospital clinical database. Data were analyzed according to epidemiological, clinical and histopathological characteristics. Results: Of the 107 included patients, the most common primary tumor site was jejunum/ileum (32%), followed by rectum (22%) and pancreas (11.2%). In total, 32% had distant metastases at presentation, most commonly in the liver. Most patients were symptomatic at diagnosis, while 22.4% of cases were found incidentally. Second malignancies, in particular of gastrointestinal origin, were diagnosed in 33.6%. Surgical debulking was the most common treatment (59.8%) while 18% had multimodality therapy. With a median follow-up of 25 months from diagnosis, about 78% of patients are still alive. Median time to first relapse was 15 months and the 5-year survival rate was 80% for NETs of jejunum/ileum. Univariate survival analysis revealed tumor location, high Ki67 index, raised plasma chromogranin A, and urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid upon diagnosis to be associated with shorter 5-year survival. Conclusion: The epidemiologic characteristics and long-term outcome in our series are comparable to other reported studies. This analysis presents some important prognostic factors which could be used for risk stratification in patients with NETs.

@article{
 title = {On six-parameter fréchet distribution: Properties and applications},
 type = {article},
 year = {2016},
 keywords = {Goodness-of-fit,Maximum likelihood estimation,Moments of residual life,Order statistics},
 pages = {281-299},
 volume = {12},
 id = {ae15cc95-cc23-3a3d-96eb-d7b6342ce635},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:56:36.905Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:56:46.768Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yousof2016a},
 folder_uuids = {5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This paper introduces a new generalization of the transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution of Afify et al. (2015), using Kumaraswamy generalized family. The new model is referred to as Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution. This model contains sixty two sub-models as special cases such as the Kumaraswamy transmuted Fréchet, Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin, generalized inverse Weibull and Kumaraswamy Gumbel type II distributions, among others. Various mathematical properties of the proposed distribution including closed forms for ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and Rényi and η-entropies are derived. The unknown parameters of the new distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate the importance of the new model by means of two applications to real data sets.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yousof, Haitham M. and Afify, Ahmed Z. and Ebraheim, Abd El Hadi N. and Hamedani, G. G. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v12i2.1327},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

This paper introduces a new generalization of the transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution of Afify et al. (2015), using Kumaraswamy generalized family. The new model is referred to as Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin Fréchet distribution. This model contains sixty two sub-models as special cases such as the Kumaraswamy transmuted Fréchet, Kumaraswamy transmuted Marshall-Olkin, generalized inverse Weibull and Kumaraswamy Gumbel type II distributions, among others. Various mathematical properties of the proposed distribution including closed forms for ordinary and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and Rényi and η-entropies are derived. The unknown parameters of the new distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation. We illustrate the importance of the new model by means of two applications to real data sets.

@article{
 title = {The transmuted exponentiated generalized-G family of distributions},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Exponentiated generalized-g family,Generating function,Maximum likelihood,Order statistic,Transmuted-G family},
 pages = {441-464},
 volume = {11},
 publisher = {University of the Punjab, College of Statistical & Actuarial Science},
 id = {799e379c-5b16-3631-8528-bd2bb0e84584},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:45.324Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-09T11:50:39.216Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Yousof2015},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 folder_uuids = {5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We introduce a new class of continuous distributions called the transmuted exponentiated generalized-G family which extends the exponentiated generalized-G class introduced by Cordeiro et al. (2013). We provide some special models for the new family. Some of its mathematical properties including explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating function, Rényi and Shannon entropies, order statistics and probability weighted moments are derived. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by maximum likelihood. The flexibility of the proposed family is illustrated by means of an application to a real dataset.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yousof, Haitham M. and Afify, Ahmed Z. and Alizadeh, Morad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Hamedani, G. G. and Ali, M. Masoom},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v11i4.1164},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

We introduce a new class of continuous distributions called the transmuted exponentiated generalized-G family which extends the exponentiated generalized-G class introduced by Cordeiro et al. (2013). We provide some special models for the new family. Some of its mathematical properties including explicit expressions for the ordinary and incomplete moments, generating function, Rényi and Shannon entropies, order statistics and probability weighted moments are derived. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by maximum likelihood. The flexibility of the proposed family is illustrated by means of an application to a real dataset.

@article{
 title = {Assessing and comparing peritonitis detection techniques on patients on peritoneal dialysis in a tertiary care setting of Lahore, Pakistan},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {diagnosis,leukocyte esterase,peritoneal dialysis,peritonitis},
 pages = {3681-3685},
 volume = {27},
 id = {c91f5145-fcda-3013-bea8-b3692ae45bc3},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.523Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:37:24.673Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {rizwan2015assessing},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Peritonitis is considered as one of the foremost major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Several studies have explored different techniques to rapidly diagnose peritonitis. Considering limited literature in this context from the region, this study was designed to determine the frequency of peritonitis and to assess and compare the detection role of different techniques in the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis during first 48 hours in patients undergoing acute peritoneal dialysis in Lahore, Pakistan. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Nephrology Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore over a period of six months. Sample of 400 patients was taken. Initial evaluation and biochemical profile was done before starting PD, All episodes of positive culture, presence of clinical peritonitis and urine dipstick (leucocyte esterase reagent) were detected and compared with culture using ROC curve and McNemar test at 24 hours and 48 hours. The pre dialysis biochemical profile of majority of the patients was mostly found deranged. Study found 156 out of 194 cultures positive where clinically peritonitis was not present. In comparison of sensitivity, specificity, ROC curve and McNemar test at 24 hours and 48 hours, urine dipstick was found to be relatively better option. Determination of culture may be reserved for confirmation of clinically suspected peritonitis but study findings suggests that urine dipstick being relatively more cost effective and convenient to practice may be used as an alternative or complementary option depending upon the available resources to help in the diagnosis of peritonitis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rizwan, Sheikh Muhammad and Malik, Ahmad Azam and Bakarman, Marwan A and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Anees, Hina Nasreen Malik3 Muhammad and Irfan, S M},
 journal = {Sci.Int.(Lahore)},
 number = {4}
}

Peritonitis is considered as one of the foremost major complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Several studies have explored different techniques to rapidly diagnose peritonitis. Considering limited literature in this context from the region, this study was designed to determine the frequency of peritonitis and to assess and compare the detection role of different techniques in the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis during first 48 hours in patients undergoing acute peritoneal dialysis in Lahore, Pakistan. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in Nephrology Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore over a period of six months. Sample of 400 patients was taken. Initial evaluation and biochemical profile was done before starting PD, All episodes of positive culture, presence of clinical peritonitis and urine dipstick (leucocyte esterase reagent) were detected and compared with culture using ROC curve and McNemar test at 24 hours and 48 hours. The pre dialysis biochemical profile of majority of the patients was mostly found deranged. Study found 156 out of 194 cultures positive where clinically peritonitis was not present. In comparison of sensitivity, specificity, ROC curve and McNemar test at 24 hours and 48 hours, urine dipstick was found to be relatively better option. Determination of culture may be reserved for confirmation of clinically suspected peritonitis but study findings suggests that urine dipstick being relatively more cost effective and convenient to practice may be used as an alternative or complementary option depending upon the available resources to help in the diagnosis of peritonitis.

@article{
 title = {Impact of elearning perception and elearning advantages on elearning for stress management (mediating role of eLearning for corporate training)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Elearning advantages,Elearning for corporate training,Elearning for stress management,Elearning perception,eLearning Advantages,eLearning for Corporate Training,eLearning for Stress Management.,eLearning perception},
 pages = {241-258},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/1088},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {University of the Punjab, College of Statistical & Actuarial Science},
 day = {1},
 id = {9ad63dc5-b9bc-3b5c-98d1-a88f7b1260c9},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.327Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:41:15.340Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Sarwar2015},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 language = {en},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The objective of the study was to develop a model with and without the mediator comparing direct and indirect Impacts using Bootstrap (Two tailed significance results to be used), options for manufacturing, services sectors and overall and finding out the significance of the relationship. Study tried to find out the Impact of eLearning Perception and eLearning Advantages on eLearning for Stress Management with eLearning for Corporate Training as a mediator. This is a cross sectional study conducted in Pakistan. Detailed questionnaire was used to collect the data. Total sample size of 686 includes 331 from manufacturing sector and 355 from services sector. Study revealed that overall eLearning for corporate training partially mediates relationship between eLearning Perception and elearning for stress management. However, in subgroup of manufacturing sector full mediation is observed. eLearning for corporate training partially mediates relationship between eLearning Advantages and Stress management training. Similar partial mediation is observed for subgroups of manufacturing and services sector. However in subgroup of manufacturing sector no mediation was observed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sarwar, Aamir and Ketavan, Chitapa and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v11i2.1088},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {2}
}

The objective of the study was to develop a model with and without the mediator comparing direct and indirect Impacts using Bootstrap (Two tailed significance results to be used), options for manufacturing, services sectors and overall and finding out the significance of the relationship. Study tried to find out the Impact of eLearning Perception and eLearning Advantages on eLearning for Stress Management with eLearning for Corporate Training as a mediator. This is a cross sectional study conducted in Pakistan. Detailed questionnaire was used to collect the data. Total sample size of 686 includes 331 from manufacturing sector and 355 from services sector. Study revealed that overall eLearning for corporate training partially mediates relationship between eLearning Perception and elearning for stress management. However, in subgroup of manufacturing sector full mediation is observed. eLearning for corporate training partially mediates relationship between eLearning Advantages and Stress management training. Similar partial mediation is observed for subgroups of manufacturing and services sector. However in subgroup of manufacturing sector no mediation was observed.

@article{
 title = {The transmuted weibull lomax distribution: Properties and application},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Entropy,Maximum Likelihood,Order Statistics,Probability Weighted Moments,Weibull Lomax},
 pages = {135-154},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/956},
 month = {3},
 day = {1},
 id = {9db4c878-b8d3-3a2e-8a5b-270a9ec320a8},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.408Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:40:09.179Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {afify2015transmuted},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db,5ddc3a8d-55b4-43f0-b1b2-dbebf8b6daac},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new five parameter model is proposed and stutied. The new distribution generalizes the Weibull Lomax distribution introduced by Tahir et al. (2015) and is referred to as transmuted Weibull Lomax (TWL) distribution. Various structural properties of the new model including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantiles, generating function, probability weighted moments, Rényi and q-entropies and order statistics are derived. We proposed the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated through an application to a real data set.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Afify, Ahmed Z. and Nofal, Zohdy M. and Yousof, Haitham M. and El Gebaly, Yehia M. and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v11i1.956},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

A new five parameter model is proposed and stutied. The new distribution generalizes the Weibull Lomax distribution introduced by Tahir et al. (2015) and is referred to as transmuted Weibull Lomax (TWL) distribution. Various structural properties of the new model including ordinary and incomplete moments, quantiles, generating function, probability weighted moments, Rényi and q-entropies and order statistics are derived. We proposed the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated through an application to a real data set.

@article{
 title = {On estimation in three and four phase sampling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Auxiliary Information,Three and Four Phase Sampling},
 pages = {3019-3022},
 volume = {27},
 publisher = {Science International},
 id = {89f5ce28-ed34-378c-9736-23c22e9ddede},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.562Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:40:25.010Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {hanif2015estimation},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Multiphase sampling has been widely used in literature when information about sampling frame is not available. In this short note it is shown that the estimation in multiphase sampling can only be based upon two phases. The result has been proved for three and four phases only},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hanif, Saman and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 journal = {Sci.Int.(Lahore)},
 number = {4}
}

Multiphase sampling has been widely used in literature when information about sampling frame is not available. In this short note it is shown that the estimation in multiphase sampling can only be based upon two phases. The result has been proved for three and four phases only

@article{
 title = {Psychometric Analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Women of Wazirabad City},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 keywords = {Wazirabad,anxiety,cross-cultural,depression,stress},
 pages = {61-68},
 volume = {2},
 id = {297f2757-49b1-390b-a732-7c6e3bcd3cff},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.717Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:46:26.556Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {riaz2013psychometric},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper psychometric analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Women living in Wazirabad City has been explored. Cluster sampling technique was used to collect a sample of size 334. For this purpose Urdu version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) questionnaire was administered along with 10 demographic. DASS-21 data has been analyzed to study the relationship between “depression”, “anxiety” and “stress” across various demographic characteristics. DASS-21 shown good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.86) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed consistency with previously found factor structures. Strong relationship of “anxiety” and “stress” has been observed with age; while no association was observed with “income”. “Education” has mild effect with the items of “depression”, “anxiety” and “stress”. “Illness” and “occupation” found to be strong factors of “depression”, “anxiety” and “stress”. Another major factor of “stress” found to be “family living system” while “marital status” also affects some of items. },
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Riaz, Amna and Kamal, Shahid and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2485173},
 journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
 number = {10}
}

In this paper psychometric analysis of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Women living in Wazirabad City has been explored. Cluster sampling technique was used to collect a sample of size 334. For this purpose Urdu version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) questionnaire was administered along with 10 demographic. DASS-21 data has been analyzed to study the relationship between “depression”, “anxiety” and “stress” across various demographic characteristics. DASS-21 shown good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.86) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed consistency with previously found factor structures. Strong relationship of “anxiety” and “stress” has been observed with age; while no association was observed with “income”. “Education” has mild effect with the items of “depression”, “anxiety” and “stress”. “Illness” and “occupation” found to be strong factors of “depression”, “anxiety” and “stress”. Another major factor of “stress” found to be “family living system” while “marital status” also affects some of items.

@article{
 title = {The complementary Weibull geometric distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {WG distribution,Weibull distribution,censored data,complementary risks,geometric distribution,survival analysis},
 pages = {1345-1362},
 volume = {84},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/836},
 month = {12},
 day = {31},
 id = {537e7948-1054-3fa9-8446-6a2312928c75},
 created = {2018-04-04T19:42:11.534Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-09T11:50:49.267Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {afify2014transmuted},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper, we proposed a new three-parameters lifetime distribution with unimodal, increasing and decreasing hazard rate. The new distribution, the complementary Weibull geometric (CWG), is complementary to the Weibull-geometric (WG) model proposed by Barreto-Souza et al. (The Weibull-Geometric distribution, J. Statist. Comput. Simul. 1 (2010), pp. 1-13). The CWG distribution arises on a latent complementary risks scenarios, where the lifetime associated with a particular risk is not observable, rather we observe only the maximum lifetime value among all risks. The properties of the proposed distribution are discussed, including a formal proof of its probability density function and explicit algebraic formulas for its reliability and hazard rate functions, moments, density of order statistics and their moments. We provide expressions for the Rényi and Shannon entropies. The parameter estimation is based on the usual maximum likelihood approach. We obtain the observed information matrix and discuss inferences issues. We report a hazard function comparison study between the WG distribution and our complementary one. The flexibility and potentiality of the new distribution is illustrated by means of three real dataset, where we also made a comparison between Weibull, WG and CWG modelling approach. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tojeiro, Cynthia and Louzada, Francisco and Roman, Mari and Borges, Patrick},
 doi = {10.1080/00949655.2012.744406},
 journal = {Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation},
 number = {6}
}

In this paper, we proposed a new three-parameters lifetime distribution with unimodal, increasing and decreasing hazard rate. The new distribution, the complementary Weibull geometric (CWG), is complementary to the Weibull-geometric (WG) model proposed by Barreto-Souza et al. (The Weibull-Geometric distribution, J. Statist. Comput. Simul. 1 (2010), pp. 1-13). The CWG distribution arises on a latent complementary risks scenarios, where the lifetime associated with a particular risk is not observable, rather we observe only the maximum lifetime value among all risks. The properties of the proposed distribution are discussed, including a formal proof of its probability density function and explicit algebraic formulas for its reliability and hazard rate functions, moments, density of order statistics and their moments. We provide expressions for the Rényi and Shannon entropies. The parameter estimation is based on the usual maximum likelihood approach. We obtain the observed information matrix and discuss inferences issues. We report a hazard function comparison study between the WG distribution and our complementary one. The flexibility and potentiality of the new distribution is illustrated by means of three real dataset, where we also made a comparison between Weibull, WG and CWG modelling approach. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.

@article{
 title = {The Trivariate Pseudo Inverse Weibull Distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Concomitants of Records,Conditional distributions,Inverse Weibull Distribution},
 pages = {24-28},
 volume = {3},
 id = {14bf34cf-3b36-3d35-89a4-a39701867e69},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:43.625Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:08:37.845Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {shahbaz2014trivariate},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We have proposed the trivarite Pseudo Inverse Weibull distribution. Standard distributional properties of the proposed distribution has been obtained. We have also obtained the bivariate distribution of concomitants of records. The conditional distribution of one of the concomitant has also been obtained when information of other concomitant is available. Moments of the resulting distributions has been computed. ©},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shahbaz, Saman and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Ismail, Muhammad},
 journal = {Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research},
 number = {9}
}

We have proposed the trivarite Pseudo Inverse Weibull distribution. Standard distributional properties of the proposed distribution has been obtained. We have also obtained the bivariate distribution of concomitants of records. The conditional distribution of one of the concomitant has also been obtained when information of other concomitant is available. Moments of the resulting distributions has been computed. ©

@article{
 title = {A new regression estimator based on two auxiliary variables},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Auxiliary variables,Mean square error,Regressio,Regression estimator},
 pages = {251-252},
 volume = {8},
 publisher = {Maxwell Scientific Organization},
 id = {2ff2fe62-30f2-301b-ad25-c647b746584a},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.659Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:03.679Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Shahbaz2014},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A multiple regression estimator has been developed by using information on "k" auxiliary variables. The mean square error has been obtained of the Multiple Regression estimator and comparison has been made with existing estimators for estimation of population characteristic.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shahbaz, Saman and Zubair, Muhammad and Butt, Nadeem Shafique N.S. and Ismail, Muhammad},
 doi = {10.19026/rjaset.8.967},
 journal = {Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology},
 number = {2}
}

A multiple regression estimator has been developed by using information on "k" auxiliary variables. The mean square error has been obtained of the Multiple Regression estimator and comparison has been made with existing estimators for estimation of population characteristic.

@article{
 title = {Investor's Bhhavior in Pakistan Mercantile Exchange(PMEX)},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Commodity Market of Pakistan,Investor Behavior,Investor’s Profile,Pakistan Mercantile Exchange},
 pages = {1371-1377},
 volume = {26},
 id = {3fbbcab0-43f0-31f7-9b9c-4d87dc5eeb85},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.878Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:37:37.765Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {sarwar2014investor},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This study is conducted to study the investor’s behavior in Pakistan Mercantile Exchange. Primary data was collected from a sample of 224 investors of PMEX through a structuredquestionnaire. Cronbach's Alpha value confirmed reliability ofthe questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.8). Descriptive analysis was performed for data screening and distribution assessment of the study variables.Major components that explained the behavior of investors in PMEX were identified through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Group differences were tested through t-Tests and ANOVA based on profile of investors and their behavior in Pakistan Mercantile Exchange. The major components that explained 70.865% of the total variance in investor behavior in PMEX were: ‘overconfident behavior’, ‘herd behavior’, ‘price anchoring behavior’, ‘representativeness bias’, ‘loss averse behavior’, ‘panic attitude’ and ‘risk tolerance’. No significant relationship was found between different elements of investor’s profile and their behavior in PMEX},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sarwar, Aamir and Mansoor, Zainab and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 journal = {Science International},
 number = {3}
}

This study is conducted to study the investor’s behavior in Pakistan Mercantile Exchange. Primary data was collected from a sample of 224 investors of PMEX through a structuredquestionnaire. Cronbach's Alpha value confirmed reliability ofthe questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha=0.8). Descriptive analysis was performed for data screening and distribution assessment of the study variables.Major components that explained the behavior of investors in PMEX were identified through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Group differences were tested through t-Tests and ANOVA based on profile of investors and their behavior in Pakistan Mercantile Exchange. The major components that explained 70.865% of the total variance in investor behavior in PMEX were: ‘overconfident behavior’, ‘herd behavior’, ‘price anchoring behavior’, ‘representativeness bias’, ‘loss averse behavior’, ‘panic attitude’ and ‘risk tolerance’. No significant relationship was found between different elements of investor’s profile and their behavior in PMEX

@article{
 title = {Transmuted complementary weibull geometric distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 keywords = {Complementary weibull geometric,Maximum likeliho,Maximum likelihood estimation,Moment generating function,Order statistics,Reliability function,Rényi entropy,Transmutation,[Complementary weibull geometric},
 pages = {435-454},
 volume = {10},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/836},
 month = {12},
 day = {31},
 id = {08a54da2-6263-3733-8c3a-25947237afef},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.033Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:21.882Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {afify2014transmuted},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {This paper provides a new generalization of the complementary Weibull geometric distribution that introduced by Tojeiro et al. (2014), using the quadratic rank transmutation map studied by Shaw and Buckley (2007). The new distribution is referred to as transmuted complementary Weibull geometric distribution (TCWGD). The TCWG distribution includes as special cases 11 sub models such as the complementary Weibull geometric distribution (CWGD), complementary exponential geometric distribution (CEGD), Weibull distribution (WD), exponential distribution (ED) and three new submodels. Various structural properties of the new distribution including moments, quantiles, moment generating function and Rényi entropy of the subject distribution are derived. We proposed the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters and obtain the observed information matrix. A real data set are used to compare the flexibility of the transmuted version versus the complementary Weibull geometric distribution.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Afify, Ahmed Z. A.Z. and Nofal, Z.M. Zohdy M. and Butt, N.S. Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.1080/00949655.2012.744406},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

This paper provides a new generalization of the complementary Weibull geometric distribution that introduced by Tojeiro et al. (2014), using the quadratic rank transmutation map studied by Shaw and Buckley (2007). The new distribution is referred to as transmuted complementary Weibull geometric distribution (TCWGD). The TCWG distribution includes as special cases 11 sub models such as the complementary Weibull geometric distribution (CWGD), complementary exponential geometric distribution (CEGD), Weibull distribution (WD), exponential distribution (ED) and three new submodels. Various structural properties of the new distribution including moments, quantiles, moment generating function and Rényi entropy of the subject distribution are derived. We proposed the method of maximum likelihood for estimating the model parameters and obtain the observed information matrix. A real data set are used to compare the flexibility of the transmuted version versus the complementary Weibull geometric distribution.

@article{
 title = {A New Generalization of Quadratic Hazard Rate Distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 keywords = {Maximum likelihood estimation,Order statistics,Quadratic hazard rate distribution,Reliability function,[Maximum likelihood estimation},
 pages = {343-361},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/678},
 month = {2},
 publisher = {Punjab University Press},
 day = {6},
 id = {95f9bf16-720f-3ac1-b9d8-645013c3fe0c},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.182Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:47:54.305Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {elbatal2013new},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {For the first time, a five-parameter distribution, called the kumaraswamy quadratic hazard rate distribution is defined and studied. The new distribution contains as special models some well-known distributions discussed in lifetime literature, such as the Linear failure rate, Exponential and Rayleigh distributions, among several others. We obtain the moments, moment generating and quantile functions. We discuss the method of maximum likelihood to estimate the model parameters and determine the observed information matrix. A real data sets illustrate the importance and flexibility of the proposed models.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Elbatal, Ibrahim and Butt, Nadeem Shafique N.S.},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v9i4.678},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {4}
}

For the first time, a five-parameter distribution, called the kumaraswamy quadratic hazard rate distribution is defined and studied. The new distribution contains as special models some well-known distributions discussed in lifetime literature, such as the Linear failure rate, Exponential and Rayleigh distributions, among several others. We obtain the moments, moment generating and quantile functions. We discuss the method of maximum likelihood to estimate the model parameters and determine the observed information matrix. A real data sets illustrate the importance and flexibility of the proposed models.

@article{
 title = {Estimation of Population Mean in Two-Phase Sampling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 pages = {198-200},
 volume = {6},
 publisher = {International Digital Organization for Scientific},
 id = {e27e9eab-6f49-3f68-a6b3-53fe7cf471af},
 created = {2018-04-04T19:42:14.046Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:08:38.137Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2010estimation},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new estimator for population mean has been proposed in two phase sampling by using information of multiple auxiliary variables. The minimum variance of the proposed estimator has been obtained. Comparison has also been made with some available estimators of two phase sampling.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1844087},
 journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
 number = {2}
}

A new estimator for population mean has been proposed in two phase sampling by using information of multiple auxiliary variables. The minimum variance of the proposed estimator has been obtained. Comparison has also been made with some available estimators of two phase sampling.

@article{
 title = {The Kumaraswamy'inverse Weibull distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Generalized Distributions,Inverse Weibull Distribution,Kumaraswamy Distribution},
 pages = {479-489},
 volume = {8},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/520},
 month = {7},
 day = {1},
 id = {cb69f38f-b9ff-3cc8-8397-a160a797adb8},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:42.805Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:32:07.810Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Shahbaz2012},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper we have proposed a new four parameter Inverse Weibull distribution that is based upon the cumulative distribution function of Kumaraswamy (1980) distribution. The distributional properties of the proposed distribution have been studied. Special cases of the proposed distribution have also been explored.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser and Shahbaz, Saman and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v8i3.520},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

In this paper we have proposed a new four parameter Inverse Weibull distribution that is based upon the cumulative distribution function of Kumaraswamy (1980) distribution. The distributional properties of the proposed distribution have been studied. Special cases of the proposed distribution have also been explored.

@phdthesis{
 title = {DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIVARIATE ESTIMATORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2012},
 institution = {University of the Punjab},
 id = {a4dcfb6f-2ad8-3e57-af01-c075039ef0b9},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.970Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:01.699Z},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2012development},
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 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique}
}

@article{
 title = {Seemingly Unrelated Multivariate Regression Estimators for Multi-Phase Sampling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Multivariate estimator,minimum variance,model zelner models,multiple auxiliary variables,seemingly unrelated regression,two phase sampling},
 pages = {1704-1709},
 volume = {19},
 id = {cc12f324-ff61-3a5d-b9ea-7ea58e09b020},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.411Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:37:28.846Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2012seemingly},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Multivariate estimators proposed by Ahmed, Hussin [1] for simultaneous estimation of multiple response variables (Yi) assumes that all response variables depend upon same set of auxiliary variables (Xi). This is not always feasible, in many situation different response variables may depend on different sets of predictors. In this paper new multivariate estimators for single, two and multiphase phase sampling have been proposed using the concept of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) and Mean square errors of the proposed estimators have been derived.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Kamal, Shahid and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 journal = {World Applied Sciences Journal},
 number = {12}
}

Multivariate estimators proposed by Ahmed, Hussin [1] for simultaneous estimation of multiple response variables (Yi) assumes that all response variables depend upon same set of auxiliary variables (Xi). This is not always feasible, in many situation different response variables may depend on different sets of predictors. In this paper new multivariate estimators for single, two and multiphase phase sampling have been proposed using the concept of Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (SURE) and Mean square errors of the proposed estimators have been derived.

@article{
 title = {The Kumaraswamy–Inverse Weibull Distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 keywords = {Generalized Distributions,Inverse Weibull Distribution,Kumaraswamy Distribution},
 pages = {479},
 volume = {8},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/520},
 month = {7},
 day = {1},
 id = {7c8935bb-307c-3c6d-959f-c0001d78323d},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:56:36.929Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:56:49.224Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Shahbaz2012},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper we have proposed a new four parameter Inverse Weibull distribution that is based upon the cumulative distribution function of Kumaraswamy (1980) distribution. The distributional properties of the proposed distribution have been studied. Special cases of the proposed distribution have also been explored. Keywords:},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser and Shahbaz, Saman and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v8i3.520},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {3}
}

In this paper we have proposed a new four parameter Inverse Weibull distribution that is based upon the cumulative distribution function of Kumaraswamy (1980) distribution. The distributional properties of the proposed distribution have been studied. Special cases of the proposed distribution have also been explored. Keywords:

@article{
 title = {Multivariate Estimators for Two Phase Sampling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 keywords = {Multivariate estimator,efficient estimator,empirical research,estimator,mathematics,minimum variance,minimum variance unbiased estimator,multiple auxiliary variables,multivariate analysis of variance,multivariate statistics,sampling,statistics,two phase sampling},
 pages = {2216-2223},
 volume = {13},
 publisher = {IDOSI},
 id = {80cc10af-5be6-3bbd-b3aa-cfb2124de3f0},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.751Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:41:46.298Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2011multivariate},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In this paper some new multivariate estimators for two phase sampling has been proposed. The proposed estimators use information on multiple quantitative variables and as well as multiple qualitative variables. Empirical study has been carried out to see the performance of proposed estimator over estimator proposed by Ahmed, Hussin [1]},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Kamal, Shahid and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 journal = {World Applied Sciences Journal},
 number = {10}
}

In this paper some new multivariate estimators for two phase sampling has been proposed. The proposed estimators use information on multiple quantitative variables and as well as multiple qualitative variables. Empirical study has been carried out to see the performance of proposed estimator over estimator proposed by Ahmed, Hussin [1]

@article{
 title = {Estimation of Population Mean in Two-Phase Sampling},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {198-200},
 volume = {6},
 publisher = {International Digital Organization for Scientific},
 id = {04d46060-419b-3df9-8269-525c1ecc235e},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:46.237Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-03-11T17:24:59.335Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2010estimation},
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 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Kamal, Shahid and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 journal = {Middle East Journal of Scientific Research},
 number = {2}
}

@article{
 title = {Statistical Approach to Predict the Ischemic Heart Disease},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {I.H.D,Introduction,Logistic Regression,Odds Ratio,Risk Factors.},
 volume = {16},
 id = {3a08f55d-8f64-3760-a9ea-3a518d407869},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.751Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:49:17.158Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {hanif2010statistical},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the degree of dependency of Ischemic Heart Disease (I.H.D) on dif- ferent risk factors and to develop a model to predict the probabilities of I.H.D in various situations. Study Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: The data was taken from the Department of Cardiology Mayo Hospital Lahore. Total Number of Patients: The record of 364 patients was taken who presented first time for coronary angiography at the Department of Cardiology Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methods: Data was analyzed using SPSS 16. The age of patient’s was presented in form of Mean ± S.E. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to estimate the probabilities of Ischemic Heart Disease (I.H.D). Odds Ratio was used to see the role of risk factors. Results: Among 60.7% male and 39.3% female, the average age was 50.33± 0.61 years. In this study; Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, Smoking History, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension contributed to develop I.H.D. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the risk of IHD increases with advancing age and low socioeconomic status significantly. The other factors like (smoking, Obesity, diabetes and hypertension) enhance the disease but are not significant.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Hanif Akhtar, B., Butt, A., Butt, N., Khan, B., & Sajid, M., A and Hanif, Asif and Akhtar, Bilqees and Butt, Asim and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Khan, Bilal Zakariah and Sajid, Mirza Rizwan},
 doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1844187},
 journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
 number = {1 SI}
}

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to see the degree of dependency of Ischemic Heart Disease (I.H.D) on dif- ferent risk factors and to develop a model to predict the probabilities of I.H.D in various situations. Study Design: This was a retrospective study. Setting: The data was taken from the Department of Cardiology Mayo Hospital Lahore. Total Number of Patients: The record of 364 patients was taken who presented first time for coronary angiography at the Department of Cardiology Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methods: Data was analyzed using SPSS 16. The age of patient’s was presented in form of Mean ± S.E. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to estimate the probabilities of Ischemic Heart Disease (I.H.D). Odds Ratio was used to see the role of risk factors. Results: Among 60.7% male and 39.3% female, the average age was 50.33± 0.61 years. In this study; Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, Smoking History, Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension contributed to develop I.H.D. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the risk of IHD increases with advancing age and low socioeconomic status significantly. The other factors like (smoking, Obesity, diabetes and hypertension) enhance the disease but are not significant.

@article{
 title = {Simulation Study to Compare the Random Data Generation from Bernoulli Distribution in Popular Statistical Packages},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Bernoulli distribution,Goodness of Fit,MS Excel,Minitab,PASW,R language,SAS,Simulation},
 pages = {53-59},
 volume = {5},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/146/107,http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/146},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Punjab University Press},
 day = {25},
 id = {fe658933-0cad-3dad-8422-4585878eceee},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.092Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:49:40.781Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2010simulation},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {In study of the statistical packages, simulation from probability distributions is one of the important aspects. This paper is based on simulation study from Bernoulli distribution conducted by various popular statistical packages like R, SAS, Minitab, MS Excel and PASW. The accuracy of generated random data is tested through Chi-Square goodness of fit test. This simulation study based on 8685000 random numbers and 27000 tests of significance shows that ability to simulate random data from Bernoulli distribution is best in SAS and is closely followed by R Language, while Minitab showed the worst performance among compared packages},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Kashyap, Manash Pratim and Bhattacharjee, Dibyojyoti and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Bhattacharjee, Dibyojyoti and Kashyap, Manash Pratim and Bhattacharjee, Dibyojyoti},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v5i2.146},
 journal = {Pak. j. stat. oper. res},
 number = {1}
}

In study of the statistical packages, simulation from probability distributions is one of the important aspects. This paper is based on simulation study from Bernoulli distribution conducted by various popular statistical packages like R, SAS, Minitab, MS Excel and PASW. The accuracy of generated random data is tested through Chi-Square goodness of fit test. This simulation study based on 8685000 random numbers and 27000 tests of significance shows that ability to simulate random data from Bernoulli distribution is best in SAS and is closely followed by R Language, while Minitab showed the worst performance among compared packages

@inproceedings{
 title = {Estimation of Population Mean in Two Phase Sampling using Attribute Auxiliary Information},
 type = {inproceedings},
 year = {2010},
 pages = {473-477},
 publisher = {Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman},
 institution = {Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman},
 id = {51f7057c-eb27-3948-95a0-1d832ac76652},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.483Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:37:18.262Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2010estimation},
 source_type = {inproceedings},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {inproceedings},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 booktitle = {6th IMT-GT Conference on Mathematics, Statistics and its Applications (ICMSA2010)}
}

@article{
 title = {a Class of Weighted Weibull Distribution},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 keywords = {Weibull distribution,hazard function,likelihood function.,moments},
 pages = {53-59},
 volume = {6},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/126},
 publisher = {Punjab University Press},
 id = {06e84c93-6b32-38e0-a535-b09a8fe17e6d},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.561Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:42:14.813Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {shahbaz2010class},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The weighted Weibull model is proposed following the method of Azzalini (1985). Basic properties of the distribution; including moments, generating function, hazard rate function and estimation of parameters; have been studied.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Shahbaz, Saman and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser and Butt, Nadeem Shafique},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v6i1.126},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1}
}

The weighted Weibull model is proposed following the method of Azzalini (1985). Basic properties of the distribution; including moments, generating function, hazard rate function and estimation of parameters; have been studied.

@article{
 title = {Survival Behavior of Children from Birth to 24 Months of Age in Gowal Mandi Area, Lahore},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 volume = {5},
 id = {dc2195b3-8ee5-3f3a-9f15-d3a476633c6b},
 created = {2020-09-18T15:01:46.578Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2020-09-18T15:02:25.298Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {MAfzalFRizviSMunawarGMGilaniNSButt2009},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {M Afzal F Rizvi, S Munawar, GM Gilani, NS Butt, M A Saleemi},
 journal = {Annals of PIMS},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Simulation study to check the performance of various unequal probability sampling estimators},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 keywords = {Bi-variate Normal Data,Simulation 1.,Unequal Probability Sampling},
 pages = {73-75},
 volume = {21},
 id = {7165f61e-c770-3fa5-99d2-cf333bfb68c0},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.910Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:39:27.059Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2009simulation},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A large number of unequal probability sampling estimators are available in literature. Theoretical comparison of available unequal probability sampling estimators is a hard task, so survey statisticians have conducted empirical studies to discuss the performances of various estimators. These empirical comparisons were based on limited number of populations available in the literature on survey sampling. The aim of this paper is to perform a simulation study on various popular unequal probability sampling estimators. This simulation study has been conducted by generating populations with given correlation structure from the Bi-Variate Normal Distribution. The study attempt to obtain a minimum variance estimator in unequal probability sampling for population with specific correlation structure},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qasier},
 journal = {Science International},
 number = {22}
}

A large number of unequal probability sampling estimators are available in literature. Theoretical comparison of available unequal probability sampling estimators is a hard task, so survey statisticians have conducted empirical studies to discuss the performances of various estimators. These empirical comparisons were based on limited number of populations available in the literature on survey sampling. The aim of this paper is to perform a simulation study on various popular unequal probability sampling estimators. This simulation study has been conducted by generating populations with given correlation structure from the Bi-Variate Normal Distribution. The study attempt to obtain a minimum variance estimator in unequal probability sampling for population with specific correlation structure

@phdthesis{
 title = {Sampling with Unequal Probabilities},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2009},
 source = {Handbook of Statistics},
 pages = {39-54},
 volume = {29},
 issue = {PA},
 institution = {National College of Business Administration & Eco},
 id = {c167ae0a-e704-3252-979e-7d1395679c24},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.396Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:39:49.808Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2003sampling},
 source_type = {phdthesis},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Since the mid-1950s, there has been a well-developed theory of sample survey design inference embracing complex designs with stratification and unequal probabilities. Unequal probability sampling was first suggested by Hansen and Hurwitz in the context of sampling with replacement. Narain, Horvitz, and Thompson developed the corresponding theory for sampling without replacement. A large part of survey-sampling literature is devoted to unequal probability sampling, and more than 50 sampling algorithms have been proposed. Multistage sampling is one of the applications of unequal probability sampling design where the selection of primary units within strata may be done with unequal probability. For example, self-weighted two-stage sampling is often used to select primary sampling units with probabilities that are proportional to the number of secondary sampling units within the primary units; a simple random sample is selected within each primary unit. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Berger, Yves G. and Tillé, Yves},
 doi = {10.1016/S0169-7161(08)00002-3}
}

Since the mid-1950s, there has been a well-developed theory of sample survey design inference embracing complex designs with stratification and unequal probabilities. Unequal probability sampling was first suggested by Hansen and Hurwitz in the context of sampling with replacement. Narain, Horvitz, and Thompson developed the corresponding theory for sampling without replacement. A large part of survey-sampling literature is devoted to unequal probability sampling, and more than 50 sampling algorithms have been proposed. Multistage sampling is one of the applications of unequal probability sampling design where the selection of primary units within strata may be done with unequal probability. For example, self-weighted two-stage sampling is often used to select primary sampling units with probabilities that are proportional to the number of secondary sampling units within the primary units; a simple random sample is selected within each primary unit. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.

@article{
 title = {MANOVA with Summary Statistics: A Stata Program},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 pages = {9},
 volume = {4},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/56},
 month = {1},
 day = {1},
 id = {94070e26-1e6d-3236-a1b2-a90f52f27e43},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.529Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:42:10.119Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2008manova},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,1aedb9c8-e61d-4a4b-a5b5-2e14e0fa75db},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Almost all available statistical packages are capable of performing Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) from raw data. Some of statistical packages have capability to perform independent sample t-test, ANOVA and some other tests of significance on summary data, but you come across not single software that has the capability to perform MANOVA directly on summary data. A STATA programme has been written to perform Multivariate ANOVA on summary data. The programme computes available statistics for Multivariate ANOVA (i.e Willk’s Lembda, Lawley’s-Hotelling trace, Pillae’s trace and Roy’s largest root). The programme is also capable to perform Box–M test for testing equality of covariance matrices on summary data. Example has been given by using the programme on summary data to perform Multivariate ANOVA},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser and Kamal, Shahid},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v4i1.56},
 journal = {Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research},
 number = {1},
 keywords = {ANOVA,MANOVA,Summary data}
}

Almost all available statistical packages are capable of performing Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) from raw data. Some of statistical packages have capability to perform independent sample t-test, ANOVA and some other tests of significance on summary data, but you come across not single software that has the capability to perform MANOVA directly on summary data. A STATA programme has been written to perform Multivariate ANOVA on summary data. The programme computes available statistics for Multivariate ANOVA (i.e Willk’s Lembda, Lawley’s-Hotelling trace, Pillae’s trace and Roy’s largest root). The programme is also capable to perform Box–M test for testing equality of covariance matrices on summary data. Example has been given by using the programme on summary data to perform Multivariate ANOVA

@article{
 title = {Early-life risk factors for adult chronic disease: Follow-up of a cohort born during 1964-1978 in an urban slum of Lahore, Pakistan},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 keywords = {Birthweight,Chronic disease,Follow-up studies,Pakistan,Risk factors,Slums,[Birthweight},
 pages = {12-21},
 volume = {26},
 publisher = {International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease},
 id = {7bed988d-8f43-3c65-9fa8-254959d05575},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.084Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:48:24.862Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {jalil2008early},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Evidence suggests that risk of chronic diseases may be programmed during the foetal and early life of the infant. With high rates of low birthweight coupled with a rapid nutritional transition, low-income countries are facing an epidemic of chronic diseases. Follow-up of a cohort of adults born during 1964-1978 in an urban slum in Lahore, Pakistan, is presented in this paper. In 695 of these adults (mean age=29.0 years, males=56%), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI) were measured to assess early-life predictors of risk of chronic diseases. Sixteen percent of the study population was born with a low birthweight (<2,500 g). A significant positive association (p=0.007) was observed between birthweight and BMI; additionally, adjusting for age and gender, the association with BMI was highly significant (p=0.000). Conversely, a significant negative association (p=0.016) was observed between birthweight and adult levels of fasting plasma glucose; after adjustment for age and gender, the association was more significant (p=0.005) No association was observed between birthweight and adult blood pressure. The results suggest that low birthweight may increase later risk of impaired glucose tolerance in urban Pakistani adults. Further research in this area is warranted. © International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jalil, Fehmida and Moore, Sophie E. S.E. Sophie E S.E. and Butt, N.S. Nadeem Shafique N.S. and Ashraf, Rifat N. R.N. Rifat N and Zaman, Shakila and Prentice, Andrew M. A.M. Andrew M and Hanson, L.Å. Lars Å},
 doi = {10.2139/ssrn.1844123},
 journal = {Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition},
 number = {1}
}

Evidence suggests that risk of chronic diseases may be programmed during the foetal and early life of the infant. With high rates of low birthweight coupled with a rapid nutritional transition, low-income countries are facing an epidemic of chronic diseases. Follow-up of a cohort of adults born during 1964-1978 in an urban slum in Lahore, Pakistan, is presented in this paper. In 695 of these adults (mean age=29.0 years, males=56%), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index (BMI) were measured to assess early-life predictors of risk of chronic diseases. Sixteen percent of the study population was born with a low birthweight (<2,500 g). A significant positive association (p=0.007) was observed between birthweight and BMI; additionally, adjusting for age and gender, the association with BMI was highly significant (p=0.000). Conversely, a significant negative association (p=0.016) was observed between birthweight and adult levels of fasting plasma glucose; after adjustment for age and gender, the association was more significant (p=0.005) No association was observed between birthweight and adult blood pressure. The results suggest that low birthweight may increase later risk of impaired glucose tolerance in urban Pakistani adults. Further research in this area is warranted. © International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh.

@article{
 title = {ANOVA with Summary Statistics: A Stata Macro},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 keywords = {ANOVA,Summary data},
 pages = {57},
 volume = {2},
 websites = {http://www.pjsor.com/index.php/pjsor/article/view/87},
 month = {1},
 day = {1},
 id = {7b8c08ad-3dc9-32d7-8d96-6ed69fd4d8b1},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:44.780Z},
 accessed = {2015-08-31},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:49:18.323Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2006anova},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Almost all available statistical packages are capable of performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from raw data. Some of statistical packages have capability to perform independent sample t-test, and some other tests of significance on summary data, but seldom would you come across a software that has the capability to perform ANOVA directly on summary data. However some packages can perform one-way ANOVA after generating surrogate data from summary statistics. In this short note we have given STATA program to perform one-way ANOVA on summary data; in addition this program also performs Bartllet’s tests of equality of variances. The idea can be extended to two-way and higher way ANOVA’s. Examples have been given for illustration.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Kamal, Shahid and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 doi = {10.18187/pjsor.v2i1.87},
 journal = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
 number = {1}
}

Almost all available statistical packages are capable of performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) from raw data. Some of statistical packages have capability to perform independent sample t-test, and some other tests of significance on summary data, but seldom would you come across a software that has the capability to perform ANOVA directly on summary data. However some packages can perform one-way ANOVA after generating surrogate data from summary statistics. In this short note we have given STATA program to perform one-way ANOVA on summary data; in addition this program also performs Bartllet’s tests of equality of variances. The idea can be extended to two-way and higher way ANOVA’s. Examples have been given for illustration.

@article{
 title = {Modification of Murthy’s estimator using general selection procedure for unequal probability sampling without replacement},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 keywords = {Murthy’s (1957) Estimator,Shahbaz and Hanif (2003) selection procedure,Unequal probability sampling},
 pages = {297-302},
 volume = {20},
 id = {2d25a6c8-59be-331a-92a3-12fade0ea608},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:45.764Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:38:07.212Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2004modification},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {A new estimator of population total has been developed following the method of Murthy (1957) by using the Shahbaz and Hanif (2003) General selection procedure. Two special cases have been obtained of the general estimator. Empirical study has been carried out to obtain the most suitable value of the constant involved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Shahbaz, Muhammad Qaiser},
 journal = {Pak J. Statist},
 number = {2}
}

A new estimator of population total has been developed following the method of Murthy (1957) by using the Shahbaz and Hanif (2003) General selection procedure. Two special cases have been obtained of the general estimator. Empirical study has been carried out to obtain the most suitable value of the constant involved.

@article{
 title = {Free and total prostate specific antigen in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 keywords = {Benign hyperplasia,Free PSA,Prostate cancer,Prostate specific antigen (PSA)},
 pages = {69-71},
 volume = {14},
 id = {fe45e05b-61a5-3eba-a5b1-133bb67ab146},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:47.409Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:47:15.264Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {naz2004free},
 source_type = {article},
 folder_uuids = {4cfcf1ef-e8a1-481b-9768-92f271f79e14,61cd76d5-8771-4789-bd8b-c373e7bef009},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objective: To record the levels of PSA in the sera of prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases. Free PSA/total PSA as percentage was also calculated in order to evaluate its utility in differentially diagnosing BPH and CaP. Design: A cross-sectional, case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from August 2002 to March 2003. Materials and Methods: A group of 108 male subjects, including one-third of each of biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer cases, BPH cases and asymptomatic controls of matching age were studied. PSA and Free PSA were determined by ELISA using commercially available assay kits. Results: Mean PSA was found to be highest in CaP cases (41.9 ± 38.7 ng/ml), lower in the BPH cases (13.5±10.5 ng/ml), while it was lowest in the control subjects (5.7 ± 4.4 ng/ml). Moreover, it was observed that a majority of the CaP cases had serum PSA >20 ng/ml, 50% of BPH cases had serum PSA in the 'gray zone' (4.1-20 ng/ml), while majority of controls had serum PSA in the 'normal' range (0 - 4 ng/ml). Using a free-PSA "cut-off" of 18% to differentiate between benign and malignant prostate enlargement, it was found that 80% of the CaP cases had F/T% <18, while 75% of the BPH cases had F/T%> 18. The percent free-PSA test to differentially diagnose BPH and CaP in the 'gray zone' was found to have a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 94%. Conclusion: Using a cutoff of 18%, the free-PSA test significantly improved the differential diagnosis of BPH and CaP in the 'gray zone' as compared to the use of total PSA alone in the study group.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Naz, Saima and Ahmad, Sarah and Ghafoor, Farkhanda and Butt, Nadeem Shafique and Akhtar, M. Waheed and Naz Ahmad, S., Ghafoor, F., Butt, N. S., & Akhtar, M. W., S},
 journal = {Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP},
 number = {2}
}

Objective: To record the levels of PSA in the sera of prostate cancer (CaP) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cases. Free PSA/total PSA as percentage was also calculated in order to evaluate its utility in differentially diagnosing BPH and CaP. Design: A cross-sectional, case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from August 2002 to March 2003. Materials and Methods: A group of 108 male subjects, including one-third of each of biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer cases, BPH cases and asymptomatic controls of matching age were studied. PSA and Free PSA were determined by ELISA using commercially available assay kits. Results: Mean PSA was found to be highest in CaP cases (41.9 ± 38.7 ng/ml), lower in the BPH cases (13.5±10.5 ng/ml), while it was lowest in the control subjects (5.7 ± 4.4 ng/ml). Moreover, it was observed that a majority of the CaP cases had serum PSA >20 ng/ml, 50% of BPH cases had serum PSA in the 'gray zone' (4.1-20 ng/ml), while majority of controls had serum PSA in the 'normal' range (0 - 4 ng/ml). Using a free-PSA "cut-off" of 18% to differentiate between benign and malignant prostate enlargement, it was found that 80% of the CaP cases had F/T% <18, while 75% of the BPH cases had F/T%> 18. The percent free-PSA test to differentially diagnose BPH and CaP in the 'gray zone' was found to have a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 94%. Conclusion: Using a cutoff of 18%, the free-PSA test significantly improved the differential diagnosis of BPH and CaP in the 'gray zone' as compared to the use of total PSA alone in the study group.

@phdthesis{
 title = {Sampling with Unequal Probabilities},
 type = {phdthesis},
 year = {2003},
 institution = {National College of Business Administration & Eco},
 id = {99f6f053-8507-3132-9fc0-e400996f488d},
 created = {2021-08-31T15:29:46.190Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {49efd9d1-b84a-3562-b8db-36e64ac7ba81},
 last_modified = {2021-08-31T15:39:00.913Z},
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 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {butt2003sampling},
 source_type = {phdthesis},
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 private_publication = {false},
 bibtype = {phdthesis},
 author = {Butt, Nadeem Shafique}
}