Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{baker_s.c._systematic_2017,
	title = {Systematic {Review} of {Interventions} to {Reduce} {Psychiatric} {Morbidity} in {Parents} and {Children} {After} {PICU} {Admissions}},
	url = {http://journals.lww.com/pccmjournal},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE:: To describe and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing psychiatric morbidity in parents and children discharged from PICU. DATA SOURCES:: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken, searching EMBASE, PSYCHinfo, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Experts in the field were contacted to identify unpublished studies. STUDY SELECTION:: Exclusion criteria: Studies with participants above age 18 or drawn from a neonatal ICU, studies not in English, and those not measuring psychopathology. DATA EXTRACTION:: Seven hundred fifty-three articles initially identified were hand searched which identified three studies, with a further three studies found by contacting experts in the field. Of these, three were randomized controlled trials and three feasibility studies. DATA SYNTHESIS:: The interventions primarily targeted parents (particularly mothers), with the aim of reducing psychopathology especially posttraumatic stress disorder. Findings from these few studies demonstrated that interventions can lead to a reduction in parent and child psychopathology. Key ingredients of these interventions included psychoeducation, parent support after discharge, offering intervention to those families at high risk of developing psychopathology as identified by screening at the point of discharge, follow-up of all families with the aim of case finding, and specific interventions to target posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:: Intervention studies are few but do lead to reductions in parent and child psychopathology. There is sufficient information to suggest some of these interventions could be supported and further evaluated. Copyright ©2017The Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies},
	journal = {Pediatric Critical Care Medicine},
	author = {{Baker S.C.} and {Gledhill J.A.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*morbidity, *psychiatric intensive care unit, Child, Cinahl, Embase, Medline, Neonatal intensive care unit, PsycINFO, adult, case finding, controlled study, family study, feasibility study, female, follow up, human, intervention study, mental disease, mother, newborn, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychoeducation, screening, systematic review, young adult}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{kim_e.s._teduglutide:_2017,
	title = {Teduglutide: {A} {Review} in {Short} {Bowel} {Syndrome}},
	url = {http://rd.springer.com/journal/40265},
	abstract = {Subcutaneous teduglutide (Revestive), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue that increases intestinal absorption, is approved in the EU for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in patients aged {\textgreater}1 year who are stable following a period of postsurgical intestinal adaptation. In a phase III trial in adults with SBS intestinal failure (IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS), a significantly greater proportion of teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg/day than placebo recipients achieved a {\textgreater}20\% reduction in weekly PS volume from baseline to week 20 and maintained it to week 24. The proportion of patients who had a reduction in one or more days on PS was also significant with teduglutide compared with placebo. Improved intestinal absorption and reduced PS requirements were generally maintained in the longer term. Results from a phase III trial in paediatric patients with SBS-IF dependent on PS were consistent with those in adults. Adverse events were mostly of mild to moderate severity and generally consistent with the underlying condition or known mechanism of the drug (e.g. central line-related issues, gastrointestinal events). Teduglutide is therefore a useful treatment option in children (aged {\textgreater}1 year), adolescents and adults with SBS. Copyright © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. All Right Reserved.},
	journal = {Drugs},
	author = {{Kim E.S.} and {Keam S.J.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*short bowel syndrome, *short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], *short bowel syndrome/th [Therapy], *teduglutide, *teduglutide/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *teduglutide/dt [Drug Therapy], *teduglutide/pd [Pharmacology], *teduglutide/pk [Pharmacokinetics], *teduglutide/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration], Child, Parenteral nutrition, abdominal distension/si [Side Effect], acute cholecystitis/si [Side Effect], adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, article, catheter infection/co [Complication], central venous catheter, central venous catheter/am [Adverse Device Effect], clinical study, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, decreased appetite/si [Side Effect], disease severity, drug efficacy, drug therapy, drug tolerability, gastrointestinal dysplasia/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal polyposis/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal symptom/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal tumor/si [Side Effect], human, infant, influenza/si [Side Effect], injection site erythema/si [Side Effect], intestinal failure, intestine absorption, intestine polyp/si [Side Effect], intestine stenosis/si [Side Effect], multicenter study (topic), nonhuman, peripheral edema/si [Side Effect], pharmacodynamic parameters, phase 3 clinical trial, phase 3 clinical trial (topic), placebo, recipient, rectum polyp/si [Side Effect], rhinopharyngitis/si [Side Effect], sepsis/co [Complication], short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], side effect, stomach adenoma/si [Side Effect], systematic review, upper abdominal pain/si [Side Effect]}
}

@article{pascual_bloodstream_2016,
	title = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases: epidemiology and clinical features},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1435-4373},
	shorttitle = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases},
	doi = {10.1007/s10096-016-2752-3},
	abstract = {The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections due to Escherichia coli producing AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC-Ec-BSI). In a multi-centre case-control study, all third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli BSI (3GC-Ec-BSI) isolates were analysed. Acquired bla AmpC (bla ac-AmpC) detection was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Chromosomal bla AmpC (bla c-AmpC) expression was quantified by real-time PCR. Cases were patients with AmpC-Ec-BSI. Controls were patients with cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli BSI, matched 1:1 by sex and age. Demographics, comorbidities, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, clinical presentation and outcomes were investigated. Among 841 E. coli BSI, 17 were caused by AmpC-Ec (2 \%). Eleven isolates (58.8 \%) had bla ac-AmpC and six were bla c-AmpC overproducers. The mean age of cases was 66.2 years and 71 \% were men. Cases were more frequently healthcare-related (82 vs. 52 \% controls, p {\textless} 0.05) and presented more intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. At least one risk factor was present in 94.1 \% of cases vs. 41.7 \% of controls (p = 0.002). Severity and length of stay (LOS) were higher among cases (mean Pitt Score 2.6 vs. 0.38 in controls, p = 0.03; LOS 17.5 days vs. 6 in controls, p = 0.02). Inappropriate empirical therapy (IET) was administered to 70.6 \% of cases and 23.5 \% of controls (p {\textless} 0.003). No differences were found in terms of cure rate at the 14th day and mortality. Bloodstream infections due to AmpC-Ec (mostly plasmid-mediated) are infrequent in our area. AmpC-Ec-BSI affects mainly patients with intrinsic risk factors and those with previous antibiotic exposure. A high proportion received IET.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {European Journal of Clinical Microbiology \& Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology},
	author = {Pascual, V. and Alonso, N. and Simó, M. and Ortiz, G. and Garcia, M. C. and Xercavins, M. and Rivera, A. and Morera, M. A. and Miró, E. and Espejo, E. and Navarro, F. and Gurguí, M. and Pérez, J. and Rodríguez-Carballeira, M. and Garau, J. and Calbo, E.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27549108},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Bacterial Proteins, Case-Control Studies, DNA, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, beta-Lactamases},
	pages = {1997--2003},
}

@article{smallwood_neurophysiological_2016,
	title = {Neurophysiological mechanisms in acceptance and commitment therapy in opioid-addicted patients with chronic pain},
	volume = {250},
	issn = {1872-7506},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.03.001},
	abstract = {Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been effectively utilized to treat both chronic pain and substance use disorder independently. Given these results and the vital need to treat the comorbidity of the two disorders, a pilot ACT treatment was implemented in individuals with comorbid chronic pain and opioid addiction. This pilot study supported using neurophysiology to characterize treatment effects and revealed that, following ACT, participants with this comorbidity exhibited reductions in brain activation due to painful stimulus and in connectivity at rest.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging},
	author = {Smallwood, Rachel F. and Potter, Jennifer S. and Robin, Donald A.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27107155},
	pmcid = {PMC4842257},
	keywords = {Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Adult, Analgesics, Opioid, Behavior, Addictive, Brain, Chronic Pain, Chronic pain, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Opioid addiction, Opioid-Related Disorders, Pilot Projects},
	pages = {12--14},
}

@article{kiadaliri_absolute_2016,
	title = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}: {Findings} from the {Urban} {HEART} {Study}-2.},
	volume = {10 Suppl 1},
	issn = {1871-403X},
	shorttitle = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.002},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran. Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to association between socioeconomic status and obesity in the country. The current study aimed to examine educational inequalities among adults in Tehran in 2011.
METHOD: Data on 90,435 persons 18 years and older from Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2) were analyzed. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used for assessing educational inequalities in obesity. These measures were quantified using generalized linear models for the binomial family adjusted for sex and age. Subgroup analysis was conducted across sex, age groups and the 22 districts of Tehran.
RESULTS: Both SII and RII showed substantial educational inequalities in obesity in favour of more educated adults [RII and SII (95\% CI were equal to 2.91 (2.71-3.11) and 0.12 (0.12-0.13)), respectively]. These educational inequalities were persistent even after adjusting for employment, marital status and smoking. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational inequalities were more profound among women. While among men educational inequalities were generally increasing with age, an inverse trend was observed among women. Educational inequalities were observed within all 22 districts of Tehran and generally there were no statistically significant differences between districts.
CONCLUSION: An inverse association between education and obesity was observed in the current study. To decrease educational inequalities in Tehran, priority should be given to younger women and older men. Further analyses are needed to explain these inequalities.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Obesity Research \& Clinical Practice},
	author = {Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. and Asadi-Lari, Mohsen and Kalantari, Naser and Jafari, Mehdi and Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26003304},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Educational Status, Educational inequality, Female, Generalized linear model, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban-HEART, Young Adult},
	pages = {S57--S63},
}

@article{mitchell_physical_2016,
	title = {Physical {Activity} {Benefits} the {Skeleton} of {Children} {Genetically} {Predisposed} to {Lower} {Bone} {Density} in {Adulthood}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1523-4681},
	doi = {10.1002/jbmr.2872},
	abstract = {Both genetics and physical activity (PA) contribute to bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unknown if the benefits of physical activity on childhood bone accretion depend on genetic risk. We, therefore, aimed to determine if PA influenced the effect of bone fragility genetic variants on BMD in childhood. Our sample comprised US children of European ancestry enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (N = 918, aged 5 to 19 years, and 52.4\% female). We used a questionnaire to estimate hours per day spent in total, high-, and low-impact PA. We calculated a BMD genetic score (\% BMD lowering alleles) using adult genome-wide association study (GWAS)-implicated BMD variants. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate femoral neck, total hip, and spine areal-BMD and total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) Z-scores. The BMD genetic score was negatively associated with each bone Z-score (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate = -0.03, p = 1.3 × 10(-6) ). Total PA was positively associated with bone Z-scores; these associations were driven by time spent in high-impact PA (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate = 0.05, p = 4.0 × 10(-10) ) and were observed even for children with lower than average bone Z-scores. We found no evidence of PA-adult genetic score interactions (p interaction {\textgreater} 0.05) at any skeletal site, and there was no evidence of PA-genetic score-Tanner stage interactions at any skeletal site (p interaction {\textgreater} 0.05). However, exploratory analyses at the individual variant level revealed that PA statistically interacted with rs2887571 (ERC1/WNT5B) to influence TBLH-BMC in males (p interaction = 7.1 × 10(-5) ), where PA was associated with higher TBLH-BMC Z-score among the BMD-lowering allele carriers (rs2887571 AA homozygotes: estimate = 0.08 [95\% CI 0.06, 0.11], p = 2.7 × 10(-9) ). In conclusion, the beneficial effect of PA on bone, especially high-impact PA, applies to the average child and those genetically predisposed to lower adult BMD (based on GWAS-implicated BMD variants). Independent replication of our exploratory individual variant findings is warranted. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
	author = {Mitchell, Jonathan A. and Chesi, Alessandra and Elci, Okan and McCormack, Shana E. and Roy, Sani M. and Kalkwarf, Heidi J. and Lappe, Joan M. and Gilsanz, Vicente and Oberfield, Sharon E. and Shepherd, John A. and Kelly, Andrea and Grant, Struan Fa and Zemel, Babette S.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27172274},
	pmcid = {PMC4970901},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, BONE MINERAL DENSITY, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, CHILDREN, Child, Cohort Studies, EXERCISE, Exercise, Female, GENETIC, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1504--1512}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{bannon_l._impact_2016,
	title = {Impact of non-pharmacological interventions on prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients: {Protocol} for a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative research},
	url = {http://www.systematicreviewsjournal.com/},
	abstract = {Background: Critically ill patients have an increased risk of developing delirium during their intensive care stay. To date, pharmacological interventions have not been shown to be effective for delirium management but non-pharmacological interventions have shown some promise. The aim of this systematic review is to identify effective non-pharmacological interventions for reducing the incidence or the duration of delirium in critically ill patients. Methods: We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, AMED, psycINFO and the Cochrane Library. We will include studies of critically ill adults and children. We will include randomised trials and controlled trials which measure the effectiveness of one or more non-pharmacological interventions in reducing incidence or duration of delirium in critically ill patients. We will also include qualitative studies that provide an insight into patients and their families' experiences of delirium and non-pharmacological interventions. Two independent reviewers will assess studies for eligibility, extract data and appraise quality. We will conduct meta-analyses if possible or present results narratively. Qualitative studies will also be reviewed by two independent reviewers, and a specially designed quality assessment tool incorporating the CASP framework and the POPAY framework will be used to assess quality. Discussion: Although non-pharmacological interventions have been studied in populations outside of intensive care units and multicomponent interventions have successfully reduced incidence and duration of delirium, no systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions specifically targeting delirium in critically ill patients have been undertaken to date. This systematic review will provide evidence for the development of a multicomponent intervention for delirium management of critically ill patients that can be tested in a subsequent multicentre randomised trial. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42015016625 Copyright © 2016 Bannon et al.},
	journal = {Systematic Reviews},
	author = {{Bannon L.} and {McGaughey J.} and {Clarke M.} and {McAuley D.F.} and {Blackwood B.}},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {*critical illness, *critically ill patient, *delirium, *delirium/pc [Prevention], *delirium/th [Therapy], *intensive care unit, *medical procedures, *qualitative research, *registration, Child, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, adult, article, bright light therapy, cognitive therapy, controlled clinical trial, critically ill patient, ear plug, education, exercise, extract, eye mask, family study, human, incidence, intensive care unit, lighting control, mask, meta analysis, music therapy, noise reduction, orientation, outcome assessment, physiotherapy, priority journal, publication, qualitative research, quality control, quantitative study, randomized controlled trial, randomized controlled trial (topic), risk factor, scientific literature, sensitivity analysis, systematic review}
}

@article{chin_short_2015,
	title = {Short {Communication}: {Increase} of {HIV}-1 {K103N} {Transmitted} {Drug} {Resistance} and {Its} {Association} with {Efavirenz} {Use} in {South} {Korea}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1931-8405},
	shorttitle = {Short {Communication}},
	doi = {10.1089/AID.2014.0368},
	abstract = {Previous studies reported a relatively low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in South Korea ({\textless}5\%). A genotypic resistance test was performed on 131 treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals from February 2013 to February 2014. Eleven individuals (8.4\%) presented TDR, of whom eight had K103N, revealing a significant increase in K103N TDR compared to previous studies (p{\textless}0.001). Using phylogenetic analysis, we identified three distinct clustering pairs with genetic relativeness and a total of five independent strains among the eight K103N cases. Our findings suggest that multiple sources of K103N occurred, most likely as a consequence of increased efavirenz use in South Korea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {AIDS research and human retroviruses},
	author = {Chin, Bum Sik and Shin, Hyoung-Shik and Kim, Gayeon and Wagner, Gabriel A. and Gianella, Sara and Smith, Davey M.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25826122},
	pmcid = {PMC4516954},
	keywords = {Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Benzoxazines, Cluster Analysis, Drug Resistance, Viral, Genotype, HIV Infections, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, HIV-1, Humans, Incidence, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Phylogeny, Republic of Korea, Sequence Analysis, DNA},
	pages = {603--607},
}

@article{
 title = {Development and implementation of a peer mentoring program for early career gerontological faculty},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Attitude of Health Personnel,Early career faculty,Education, Nursing, Graduate/organization & admini,Faculty, Medical,Female,Geriatric Nursing/education,Hartford Gerontological Nursing Leaders,Humans,Male,Mentors,Nurse Clinicians/education,Peer Group,Program Evaluation,gerontological nursing,mentorship,peer mentoring},
 pages = {258-266},
 volume = {47},
 month = {5},
 publisher = {Sigma Theta Tau International},
 city = {Gamma Zeta, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.},
 id = {c44a9aa8-59d2-3c08-a523-b9ed87d201ea},
 created = {2016-08-21T22:18:42.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {LR: 20160110; CI: (c) 2015; GR: 5K12CA120780-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: K12 CA120780/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States; GR: UL1TR000038/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States; JID: 100911591; OTO: NOTNLM; 2015/01/28 [accepted]; 2015/03/25 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {5fe241cf-d169-4f2c-b614-69216df8231a},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {PURPOSE: The Hartford Gerontological Nursing Leaders (HGNL) formerly known as the Building Academic Geriatric Nursing Capacity Initiative (BAGNC), in conjunction with the National Hartford Centers of Gerontological Nursing Excellence (NHCGNE), developed and executed a peer mentoring program beginning in 2011 to enhance both (a) the experience of newly selected scholars and fellows to the NHCGNE and (b) the ongoing professional development of HGNL members. The purpose of this article is to describe key strategies used to develop and execute the peer mentoring program and to present formative program evaluation. DESIGN: The program was launched in January 2011 with seven peer mentor and mentee matches. In June 2012, the peer mentoring committee solicited feedback on the development of the peer mentoring program and changes were made for the subsequent cohorts. FINDINGS: An additional 12 matches were made in the following 2 years (2012 and 2013), for a total of 31 matches to date. We have learned several key lessons from our three cohorts regarding how to structure, implement, and carefully evaluate a peer mentoring program. CONCLUSIONS: Informal evaluation of our peer mentoring program noted several challenges for both peer mentors and mentees. Having knowledge of and addressing those challenges may increase the overall quality and effectiveness of peer mentoring programs and, in turn, benefit academic nursing by strengthening the faculty workforce. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings from development and implementation of a peer mentoring program for gerontological faculty could lead to new and adaptable programs in a variety of clinical and education settings.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bryant, A L and Aizer Brody, A and Perez, A and Shillam, C and Edelman, L S and Bond, S M and Foster, V and Siegel, E O},
 journal = {Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau},
 number = {3}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{plambech_m.z._dexmedetomidine_2015,
	title = {Dexmedetomidine in the pediatric population: {A} review},
	url = {http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getpdf/sbNvoPlJhvv6bbyfsqY76tEZcB64PRPRZhQ7XFLHe60Q6OIPvcRxmU6QbTTdsDC59xcyai%252BPQuY95g446wPjIA%253D%253D/R02Y2015N03A0320.pdf},
	abstract = {Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist approved only for sedation in adult intensive care patients, is increasingly used off-label in- and outside Europe in the pediatric setting for various indications such as to prevent agitation, as premedication in the form of intranasal, buccal and oral solution, as adjunct for elective surgery, as sedative for magnetic resonance imaging, as intraoperative analgesia, for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and as adjuvant to ropi- and bupivacaine for nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine is also used intravenously at different intensive care units with the purpose of sedation of children. In this paper, we assess 51 minor trials in the form of 44 randomized controlled trials and 7 prospective observational studies in an attempt to update the available evidence on dexmedetomidine use in pediatrics. Furthermore, we discuss its potential indications, benefits and adverse effects. However, it is important to state that much of the existing evidence favoring dexmedetomidine in children is either extrapolated from adult studies or based on small randomized controlled trials and observational studies with their inherent methodological shortcomings and confounding factors. Based on the best current evidence dexmedetomidine is found suitable and safe for various indications. However, in order to discover its full potential, indications, dosing and safety profile for various ages and procedures, it should urgently be examined by conducting good quality pediatric trials. Finally, we provide the readers with guidance on how to apply and dose dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation and for other indications. Copyright COPYRIGHT © 2015 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.},
	journal = {Minerva Anestesiologica},
	author = {{Plambech M.Z.} and {Afshari A.}},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {*anesthesia, *child, *deep sedation, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *dexmedetomidine/na [Intranasal Drug Administration], *human, *pediatrics, *population, Child, Europe, adjuvant, adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, agitation, agonist, analgesia, article, bupivacaine, cardiovascular effect, clinical protocol, elective surgery, extracorporeal lithotripsy, human, infant, intensive care, intensive care unit, intranasal drug administration, intraoperative analgesia, intraoperative period, meta analysis (topic), nerve block, newborn, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, observational study, patient, pediatrics, perioperative period, phase 1 clinical trial (topic), premedication, procedures, randomized controlled trial (topic), reading, safety, sedation, sedative agent, side effect/si [Side Effect], systematic review (topic)}
}

@article{
 title = {Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aging,Brain,Brain: pathology,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,Female,Humans,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Marijuana Smoking,Marijuana Smoking: pathology,Retrospective Studies,Statistics, Nonparametric,Young Adult},
 id = {16df742c-e4c4-381b-a7c2-b594d11f069a},
 created = {2016-01-05T19:45:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {50a856f4-e41b-3395-a32c-35f3a97eb9f9},
 group_id = {41f9b5d2-912d-3281-b756-e2d6e7ccfec5},
 last_modified = {2016-01-05T19:45:08.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Recent research has suggested that marijuana use is associated with volumetric and shape differences in subcortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, in a dose-dependent fashion. Replication of such results in well controlled studies is essential to clarify the effects of marijuana. To that end, this retrospective study examined brain morphology in a sample of adult daily marijuana users (n = 29) versus nonusers (n = 29) and a sample of adolescent daily users (n = 50) versus nonusers (n = 50). Groups were matched on a critical confounding variable, alcohol use, to a far greater degree than in previously published studies. We acquired high-resolution MRI scans, and investigated group differences in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and shape analysis in structures suggested to be associated with marijuana use, as follows: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. No statistically significant differences were found between daily users and nonusers on volume or shape in the regions of interest. Effect sizes suggest that the failure to find differences was not due to a lack of statistical power, but rather was due to the lack of even a modest effect. In sum, the results indicate that, when carefully controlling for alcohol use, gender, age, and other variables, there is no association between marijuana use and standard volumetric or shape measurements of subcortical structures. },
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Weiland, B. J. and Thayer, R. E. and Depue, B. E. and Sabbineni, a. and Bryan, a. D. and Hutchison, K. E.},
 journal = {Journal of Neuroscience}
}

@article{munden_prospective_2014,
	title = {Prospective study of infantile haemangiomas: incidence, clinical characteristics and association with placental anomalies},
	volume = {170},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	shorttitle = {Prospective study of infantile haemangiomas},
	doi = {10.1111/bjd.12804},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aetiology and exact incidence of infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are unknown. Prior studies have noted immunohistochemical and biological characteristics shared by IHs and placental tissue.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the possible association between placental anomalies and the development of IHs, as well as the demographic characteristics and other risk factors for IHs.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pregnant women (n = 578) were prospectively enrolled and their offspring followed for 9 months. Placental evaluations were performed and demographic data collected on all mother-infant pairs.
RESULTS: We evaluated 594 infants: 34 haemangiomas [either IH or congenital (CH)] were identified in 29 infants, yielding an incidence of 4·5\% for IH (27 infants) and 0·3\% for CH (two infants). Placental anomalies were noted in almost 35\% of haemangioma-related pregnancies, approximately twice the incidence noted in pregnancies with unaffected infants (P = 0·025). Other risk factors for IH included prematurity (P = 0·016) and low birth weight (P = 0·028). All IHs were present by 3 months of age, and cessation of growth had occurred in all by 9 months of age. Most occurred on the trunk. Of note, 20\% of identified IHs were abortive or telangiectatic in nature, small focal lesions that did not proliferate beyond 3 months of age. Only one IH required intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first prospective American study to document the incidence of IHs in infants followed from birth to early infancy. The association with placental anomalies was statistically significant. The overall incidence mirrors prior estimates, but the need for treatment was lower than previously reported.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Munden, A. and Butschek, R. and Tom, W. L. and Marshall, J. S. and Poeltler, D. M. and Krohne, S. E. and Alió, A. B. and Ritter, M. and Friedlander, D. F. and Catanzarite, V. and Mendoza, A. and Smith, L. and Friedlander, M. and Friedlander, S. F.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24641194},
	pmcid = {PMC4410180},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, California, Female, Hemangioma, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Maternal Age, Middle Aged, Placenta Diseases, Pregnancy, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
	pages = {907--913}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_performance_2014,
	title = {The performance of seven {QPrediction} risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice: a validation study},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {The performance of seven {QPrediction} risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005809},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To validate the performance of a set of risk prediction algorithms developed using the QResearch database, in an independent sample from general practices contributing to the Clinical Research Data Link (CPRD).
SETTING: Prospective open cohort study using practices contributing to the CPRD database and practices contributing to the QResearch database.
PARTICIPANTS: The CPRD validation cohort consisted of 3.3 million patients, aged 25-99 years registered at 357 general practices between 1 Jan 1998 and 31 July 2012. The validation statistics for QResearch were obtained from the original published papers which used a one-third sample of practices separate to those used to derive the score. A cohort from QResearch was used to compare incidence rates and baseline characteristics and consisted of 6.8 million patients from 753 practices registered between 1 Jan 1998 and until 31 July 2013.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident events relating to seven different risk prediction scores: QRISK2 (cardiovascular disease); QStroke (ischaemic stroke); QDiabetes (type 2 diabetes); QFracture (osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture); QKidney (moderate and severe kidney failure); QThrombosis (venous thromboembolism); QBleed (intracranial bleed and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage). Measures of discrimination and calibration were calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, the baseline characteristics of the CPRD and QResearch cohorts were similar though QResearch had higher recording levels for ethnicity and family history. The validation statistics for each of the risk prediction scores were very similar in the CPRD cohort compared with the published results from QResearch validation cohorts. For example, in women, the QDiabetes algorithm explained 50\% of the variation within CPRD compared with 51\% on QResearch and the receiver operator curve value was 0.85 on both databases. The scores were well calibrated in CPRD.
CONCLUSIONS: Each of the algorithms performed practically as well in the external independent CPRD validation cohorts as they had in the original published QResearch validation cohorts.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {BMJ open},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Coupland, Carol and Brindle, Peter},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25168040},
	pmcid = {PMC4156807},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Calibration, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cprd, Ethnic Groups, Family, Female, General Practice, Hemorrhage, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporotic Fractures, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, QResearch, Qrisk2, Risk, Validation, Venous Thromboembolism, diabetes mellitus},
	pages = {e005809}
}

@article{
 title = {How much do residential aged care staff members know about the nutritional needs of residents?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Attitude of Health Personnel,Cross-Sectional Studies,Dementia/nursing,Female,Geriatric Nursing/methods,Health Care Surveys,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice,Humans,Male,Malnutrition/nursing,Meals,Middle Aged,Nursing Staff,Nutrition Assessment,Quality of Life/psychology,Residential Facilities,malnutrition,mealtime practices,nutrition knowledge,old age,residential care,staff},
 pages = {54-64},
 volume = {9},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
 city = {Dementia Collaborative Research Centre: Carers & Consumers, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Dementia Training Studies Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Nursing, Queensland University of T},
 id = {ddcbb97d-cbf9-341d-982c-c02ae2ebd52c},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:30.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {ID: 74113; CI: (c) 2013; JID: 101267281; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/08/03 [received]; 2012/11/21 [accepted]; 2013/02/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {06271a48-ad48-43cc-b073-52e57f10f5e1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Undernutrition, weight loss and dehydration are major clinical issues for people with dementia in residential care, with excessive weight loss contributing to increased risk of frailty, immobility, illness and premature morbidity. This paper discusses a nutritional knowledge and attitudes survey conducted as part of a larger project focused on improving nutritional intake of people with dementia within a residential care facility in Brisbane, Australia. AIMS: The specific aims of the survey were to identify (i) knowledge of the nutritional needs of aged care facility residents; (ii) mealtime practices; and (iii) attitudes towards mealtime practices and organisation. METHODS: A survey based on those used in other healthcare settings was completed by 76 staff members. The survey included questions about nutritional knowledge, opinions of the food service, frequency of feeding assistance provided and feeding assessment practices. RESULTS: Nutritional knowledge scores ranged from 1 to 9 of a possible 10, with a mean score of 4.67. While 76% of respondents correctly identified risk factors associated with malnutrition in nursing home residents, only 38% of participants correctly identified the need for increased protein and energy in residents with pressure ulcers, and just 15% exhibited correct knowledge of fluid requirements. Further, while nutritional assessment was considered an important part of practice by 83% of respondents, just 53% indicated that they actually carried out such assessments. Identified barriers to promoting optimal nutrition included insufficient time to observe residents (56%); being unaware of residents' feeding issues (46%); poor knowledge of nutritional assessments (44%); and unappetising appearance of food served (57%). CONCLUSION: An important step towards improving health and quality of life for residents of aged care facilities would be to enhance staff nutritional awareness and assessment skills. This should be carried out through increased attention to both preservice curricula and on-the-job training. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The residential facility staff surveyed demonstrated low levels of nutrition knowledge, which reflects findings from the international literature. This has implications for the provision of responsive care to residents of these facilities and should be explored further.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Beattie, E and O'Reilly, M and Strange, E and Franklin, S and Isenring, E},
 journal = {International journal of older people nursing},
 number = {1}
}

@article{wiwatanadate_acute_2014,
	title = {Acute air pollution-related symptoms among residents in {Chiang} {Mai}, {Thailand}},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0022-0892},
	abstract = {Open burnings (forest fires, agricultural, and garbage burnings) are the major sources of air pollution in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A time series prospective study was conducted in which 3025 participants were interviewed for 19 acute symptoms with the daily records of ambient air pollutants: particulate matter less than 10 microm in size (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). PM10 was positively associated with blurred vision with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.009. CO was positively associated with lower lung and heart symptoms with adjusted ORs of 1.137 and 1.117. NO2 was positively associated with nosebleed, larynx symptoms, dry cough, lower lung symptoms, heart symptoms, and eye irritation with the range of adjusted ORs (ROAORs) of 1.024 to 1.229. SO2 was positively associated with swelling feet, skin symptoms, eye irritation, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 1.205 to 2.948. Conversely, O3 was negatively related to running nose, burning nose, dry cough, body rash, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 0.891 to 0.979.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Health},
	author = {Wiwatanadate, Phongtape},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24645417},
	note = {00003 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Particulate Matter, Prospective Studies, Respiration Disorders, Thailand, Weather},
	pages = {76--84}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{aboukais_surgery_2014,
	title = {Surgery followed by radiosurgery: a deliberate valuable strategy in the treatment of intracranial meningioma},
	volume = {124},
	issn = {1872-6968 (Electronic) 0303-8467 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043442},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.06.035},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to show that surgery followed by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is an effective and safe combined treatment for the control of intracranial meningiomas located close to critical structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study followed 31 patients with intracranial meningioma between 2005 and 2010. We included patients when initial therapeutic decision was deliberate subtotal surgical resection preparing a target for early postoperative GKR. Early MRI was performed to evaluate the tumor residual volume after surgical procedure. Annual MRI was performed to detect any tumor progression. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 4.5 years. The mean margin dose was 14.5 Gy and the mean target volume was 2.4 cm3. The mean progression free survival after combined treatment was 4.4 years in the irradiated target volume and 3.9 years on the limit or remotely of irradiated target volume. Of all patients, we recorded 5 tumor progressions after combined treatment, in-field in 1 case and out-of-field in 4 cases. All tumor progressions were high-grade meningiomas. CONCLUSION: Surgery followed by radiosurgery is a safe and effective combined treatment for intracranial meningiomas. We recommend it in case of meningioma located close to critical structures for which it is safer to leave in place a tumor remnant to reduce morbidity.},
	journal = {Clin Neurol Neurosurg},
	author = {Aboukais, R. and Zairi, F. and Reyns, N. and Le Rhun, E. and Touzet, G. and Blond, S. and Lejeune, J. P.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {*Neoplasm Recurrence, Adult, Aged, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Local, Male, Meningeal Neoplasms/*surgery, Meningioma/*surgery, Middle Aged, Neurosurgical Procedures/*methods, Radiosurgery/*methods, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {123--6},
}

@article{ graux_hallucinations_2014,
  title = {Hallucinations and negative symptoms differentially revealed by frontal and temporal responses to speech in schizophrenia},
  volume = {155},
  issn = {1573-2509},
  doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.007},
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia may arise because of aberrant speech perception. We used an electroencephalography method to examine the neural processes underlying speech perception in schizophrenic patients with hallucinations.
METHODS: Cortical event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed topographically (scalp potential and scalp current density (SCD) mapping) in response to the vowel /a/ using a passive paradigm in 26 patients with schizophrenia.
RESULTS: From the SCD distribution of the P1 peak, we showed that, whereas the hallucination score (PSYRATS) was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the frontal currents, the PANSS negative symptom score was negatively correlated with the amplitude of the temporal currents in patients with schizophrenia.
CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that AVH and negative symptoms are associated with abnormal early processing of speech. Whereas AVH are related to decreased early frontal activation, negative symptoms are associated with a reduced early temporal response.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1-3},
  journal = {Schizophrenia Research},
  author = {Graux, Jérôme and Bidet-Caulet, Aurélie and Bonnet-Brilhault, Frédérique and Camus, Vincent and Bruneau, Nicole},
  month = {May},
  year = {2014},
  pmid = {24703528},
  keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Frontal Lobe, Hallucinations, Humans, Male, Schizophrenia, Speech Perception, Temporal Lobe, Young Adult},
  pages = {39--44}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{schachtner_inflammatory_2014,
	title = {Inflammatory activation and recovering {BKV}-specific immunity correlate with self-limited {BKV} replication after renal transplantation},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {09340874},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/tri.12251},
	doi = {10.1111/tri.12251},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2017-02-01TZ},
	journal = {Transplant International},
	author = {Schachtner, Thomas and Stein, Maik and Sefrin, Anett and Babel, Nina and Reinke, Petra},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral/blood, Antigens, Viral, BK Virus/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology, BKV replication, Chemokine CXCL10/blood, ELISPOT, Female, Humans, IP-10, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood, Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis, Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Nephritis/etiology/immunology, Polyomavirus Infections/etiology/immunology, Prospective Studies, Renal transplantation, Risk Factors, T cells, T-Lymphocytes/immunology, Transplantation Immunology, Tumor Virus Infections/etiology/immunology, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood, Virus Activation/immunology, Virus Replication/immunology},
	pages = {290--301}
}

@article{fisher_fatal_2014,
	title = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning: {England} and {Wales}, 1979-2012},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {1556-9519},
	shorttitle = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning},
	doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.887092},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. METHODS.
STUDY DESIGN: observational case series. Data on fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in England and Wales from 1979 to 2012 were obtained from coroner reports. Data on unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted and were analysed by year of registration of death, sex, age group, and whether death occurred at a private house, flat, associated garage, or residential caravan ('home'), or elsewhere.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were 28,944 carbon monoxide-related deaths, of which 82\% were male. Deaths increased from 965 (1979) to 1700 (1987), and then fell to 182 (2012). Of these 2208 (64\% male) were recorded as unintentional non-fire-related deaths. Annual numbers of these latter deaths fell from 166 in 1979 to 25 in 2012 (i.e. from 3.37 to 0.44 per million population). Some 81 and 92\% of such deaths in males and in females, respectively, occurred at 'home'. A clear preponderance of male versus female deaths was seen in the 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years age groups, with similar numbers of deaths in males and in females in the younger ({\textless} 1 and 1-9 year) and higher (65-79 and 80 + years) age groups. A higher proportion of these excess deaths in males occurred outside the deceased's 'home' in those aged 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years.
CONCLUSION: Deaths from unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning are now much less common in England and Wales than in earlier years, but remain a cause for concern. Installation and proper maintenance of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings and outhouses, for example, and education not only of the public, but also of health and other professionals as to the danger posed by carbon monoxide could help prevent such deaths.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
	author = {Fisher, D. S. and Leonardi, G. and Flanagan, R. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24533843},
	note = {00006 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Child, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Wales},
	pages = {166--170}
}

@article{wagner_incidence_2014,
	title = {Incidence and prevalence of intrasubtype {HIV}-1 dual infection in at-risk men in the {United} {States}},
	volume = {209},
	issn = {1537-6613},
	doi = {10.1093/infdis/jit633},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) dual infection (DI) has been associated with decreased CD4 T-cell counts and increased viral loads; however, the frequency of intrasubtype DI is poorly understood. We used ultradeep sequencing (UDS) to estimate the frequency of DI in a primary infection cohort of predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM).
METHODS: HIV-1 genomes from longitudinal blood samples of recently infected, therapy-naive participants were interrogated with UDS. DI was confirmed when maximum sequence divergence was excessive and supported by phylogenetic analysis. Coinfection was defined as DI at baseline; superinfection was monoinfection at baseline and DI at a later time point.
RESULTS: Of 118 participants, 7 were coinfected and 10 acquired superinfection. Superinfection incidence rate was 4.96 per 100 person-years (95\% confidence interval [CI], 2.67-9.22); 6 occurred in the first year and 4 in the second. Overall cumulative prevalence of intrasubtype B DI was 14.4\% (95\% CI, 8.6\%-22.1\%). Primary HIV-1 incidence was 4.37 per 100 person-years (95\% CI, 3.56-5.36).
CONCLUSIONS: Intrasubtype DI was frequent and comparable to primary infection rates among MSM in San Diego; however, superinfection rates declined over time. DI is likely an important component of the HIV epidemic dynamics, and development of stronger immune responses to the initial infection may protect from superinfection.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {The Journal of Infectious Diseases},
	author = {Wagner, Gabriel A. and Pacold, Mary E. and Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei L. and Caballero, Gemma and Chaillon, Antoine and Rudolph, Abby E. and Morris, Sheldon R. and Little, Susan J. and Richman, Douglas D. and Smith, Davey M.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24273040},
	pmcid = {PMC3952674},
	keywords = {Adult, Coinfection, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections, HIV-1, HIV-1 coinfection, HIV-1 superinfection, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Incidence, Male, Phylogeny, Prevalence, RNA, Viral, United States, acute and early infection, intrasubtype HIV-1 dual infection, ultradeep sequencing},
	pages = {1032--1038},
}

@article{chen_extracorporeal_2014,
	title = {Extracorporeal shockwave therapy improves short-term functional outcomes of shoulder adhesive capsulitis},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1532-6500},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2014.08.010},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The treatment of adhesive capsulitis is a dilemma for orthopaedic rehabilitation specialists. In this study, we assessed whether extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) improves the functional outcome of primary shoulder adhesive capsulitis.
METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial, we enrolled 40 patients with primary adhesive capsulitis to assess whether ESWT can improve the functional outcome of primary adhesive capsulitis better than oral steroid therapy. Patients were allocated to the oral steroid group or ESWT group with randomization. Functional outcome evaluations were performed using the Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) and Oxford Shoulder Score.
RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvement in the Oxford Shoulder Score evaluation throughout the study period. In the ESWT group, the total CSS and range of motion (ROM) parameter of the CSS in the ESWT group showed significant improvement from the fourth week that was better than that in the steroid group; the activities–of–daily living (ADL) parameter of the CSS achieved significance and was better than that in the steroid group at the sixth week. For the steroid group, pain was significantly reduced from baseline to the fourth week of the study; ADL and ROM improved at the fourth to 12th week. For the ESWT group, ADL and ROM improvements were significant from baseline to the sixth week.
CONCLUSION: Our results showed that ESWT can be an alternative treatment, at least in the short-term, for primary adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. In addition, all of the side effects of ESWT were transient and tolerable.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery / American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ... [et Al.]},
	author = {Chen, Chih-Yu and Hu, Chia-Chian and Weng, Pei-Wei and Huang, Yu-Ming and Chiang, Chang-Jung and Chen, Chia-Hsien and Tsuang, Yang-Hwei and Yang, Rong-Sen and Sun, Jui-Sheng and Cheng, Cheng-Kung},
	month = dec,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25441567},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adult, Bursitis, Female, Glucocorticoids, High-Energy Shock Waves, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Range of Motion, Articular, Recovery of Function, Shoulder Joint, Single-Blind Method, Ultrasonic Therapy},
	pages = {1843--1851}
}

@article{taylor_all-cause_2013,
	title = {All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes compared with people without diabetes in a large {U}.{K}. primary care database},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1935-5548},
	doi = {10.2337/dc12-1513},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Middle-aged people with diabetes have been reported to have significantly higher risks of cardiovascular events than people without diabetes. However, recent falls in cardiovascular disease rates and more active management of risk factors may have abolished the increased risk. We aimed to provide an up-to-date assessment of the relative risks associated with type 2 diabetes of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged people in the U.K.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from the General Practice Research Database, from 2004 to 2010, we conducted a cohort study of 87,098 people, 40-65 years of age at baseline, comparing 21,798 with type 2 diabetes and 65,300 without diabetes, matched on age, sex, and general practice. We produced hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and compared rates of blood pressure testing, cholesterol monitoring, and use of aspirin, statins, and antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS People with type 2 diabetes, compared with people without diabetes, had a twofold increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.07 [95\% CI 1.95-2.20], adjusted for smoking) and a threefold increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (3.25 [2.87-3.68], adjusted for smoking). Women had a higher relative risk than men, and people {\textless}55 years of age had a higher relative risk than those {\textgreater}55 years of age. Monitoring and medication rates were higher in those with diabetes (all P {\textless} 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts to manage risk factors, administer effective treatments, and develop new therapies, middle-aged people with type 2 diabetes remain at significantly increased risk of death.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Diabetes Care},
	author = {Taylor, Kathryn S. and Heneghan, Carl J. and Farmer, Andrew J. and Fuller, Alice M. and Adler, Amanda I. and Aronson, Jeffrey K. and Stevens, Richard J.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23435157},
	pmcid = {PMC3714501},
	keywords = {Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Databases, Factual, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Sex Factors},
	pages = {2366--2371}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Are forward and backward recall the same? A dual-task study of digit recall.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Attention,Attention: physiology,Executive Function,Executive Function: physiology,Humans,Mathematical Concepts,Mental Recall,Mental Recall: physiology,Space Perception,Space Perception: physiology,Young Adult},
 pages = {519-32},
 volume = {41},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23263876},
 id = {99159d3e-5274-3213-bef9-d024aca4812a},
 created = {2016-01-12T16:04:56.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {There is some debate surrounding the cognitive resources underlying backward digit recall. Some researchers consider it to differ from forward digit recall due to the involvement of executive control, while others suggest that backward recall involves visuospatial resources. Five experiments therefore investigated the role of executive-attentional and visuospatial resources in both forward and backward digit recall. In the first, participants completed visuospatial 0-back and 2-back tasks during the encoding of information to be remembered. The concurrent tasks did not differentially disrupt performance on backward digit recall, relative to forward digit recall. Experiment 2 shifted concurrent load to the recall phase instead and, in this case, revealed a larger effect of both tasks on backward recall, relative to forwards recall, suggesting that backward recall may draw on additional resources during the recall phase and that these resources are visuospatial in nature. Experiments 3 and 4 then further investigated the role of visual processes in forward and backward recall using dynamic visual noise (DVN). In Experiment 3, DVN was presented during encoding of information to be remembered and had no effect upon performance. However, in Experiment 4, it was presented during the recall phase, and the results provided evidence of a role for visual imagery in backward digit recall. These results were replicated in Experiment 5, in which the same list length was used for forward and backward recall tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {St Clair-Thompson, H. L. and Allen, R. J.},
 journal = {Memory & cognition},
 number = {4}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dynamic data during hypotensive episode improves mortality predictions among patients with sepsis and hypotension.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {80 and over,Adult,Aged,Algorithms,Cohort Studies,Comorbidity,Critical Illness,Critical Illness: mortality,Female,Great Britain,Hospital Mortality,Hospital Mortality: trends,Humans,Hypotension,Hypotension: mortality,Intensive Care Units,Male,Middle Aged,Outcome Assessment (Health Care),Predictive Value of Tests,Prognosis,Retrospective Studies,Sepsis,Sepsis: mortality},
 pages = {954-62},
 volume = {41},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3609896&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {NIH Public Access},
 id = {95d7042f-e668-3f25-aeb3-4f00b98dda28},
 created = {2016-03-29T18:26:56.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {304786e8-5116-360a-80be-e62833097578},
 group_id = {d7b44578-07c1-3210-ae74-3bcd7f980767},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T15:45:25.917Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mayaud_Crit_Care_April_2013},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine if a prediction rule for hospital mortality using dynamic variables in response to treatment of hypotension in patients with sepsis performs better than current models.\n\nDESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.\n\nSETTING: All ICUs at a tertiary care hospital.\n\nPATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to ICUs between 2001 and 2007 of whom 2,113 met inclusion criteria and had sufficient data.\n\nINTERVENTIONS: None.\n\nMEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We developed a prediction algorithm for hospital mortality in patients with sepsis and hypotension requiring medical intervention using data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II. We extracted 189 candidate variables, including treatments, physiologic variables and laboratory values collected before, during, and after a hypotensive episode. Thirty predictors were identified using a genetic algorithm on a training set (n=1500) and validated with a logistic regression model on an independent validation set (n=613). The final prediction algorithm used included dynamic information and had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve=82.0%) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow C statistic=10.43, p=0.06). This model was compared with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV using reclassification indices and was found to be superior with an Net Reclassification Improvement of 0.19 (p<0.001) and an Integrated Discrimination Improvement of 0.09 (p<0.001).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Hospital mortality predictions based on dynamic variables surrounding a hypotensive event is a new approach to predicting prognosis. A model using these variables has good discrimination and calibration and offers additional predictive prognostic information beyond established ones.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mayaud, Louis and Lai, Peggy S and Clifford, Gari D and Tarassenko, Lionel and Celi, Leo Anthony and Annane, Djillali},
 journal = {Critical Care Medicine},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {A multi-center retrospective analysis of treatment effects and quality of life in adult patients with cranial ependymomas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Combined Modality Therapy,Cranial Irradiation,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Neurosurgical Procedures,Prognosis,Quality of Life,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Young Adult},
 pages = {319-27},
 volume = {114},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23813228},
 month = {9},
 id = {f45c71d6-e421-3cd5-8da7-0d79c822397d},
 created = {2014-04-16T20:14:36.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-04-16},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T21:45:19.000Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Long term quality of life data of adult patients harboring intracranial ependymomas have not been reported. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in Grade II ependymomas is unclear and differs from study to study. We therefore sought to retrospectively analyze outcome and quality of life of adult patients that were operated on intracranial ependymomas at four different surgical centers in two countries. All patients were attempted to be contacted via telephone to assess quality of life (QoL) at the time of the telephone interview. The standard EORTC QoL Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC QLQ-Brain Cancer Module (QLQ-BN20) were used. 64 adult patients with intracranial ependymomas were included in the study. The only factor that was associated with increased survival was age <55 years (p < 0.001). Supratentorial location was correlated with shorter progression free survival than infratentorial location (PFS; p = 0.048). In WHO Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to increased PFS (p = 0.888) or overall survival (p = 0.801). Even for incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS (p = 0.911). In a multivariate analysis of QoL, irradiated patients had significantly worse scores in the item "fatigue" (p = 0.037) than non-irradiated patients. Here we present QoL data of adult patients with intracranial ependymomas. Our data show that local radiation therapy may have long-term effects on patients' QoL. Since in the incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS in this retrospective study, prospective randomized studies are necessary. In addition to age, supratentorial tumor location is associated with a worse prognosis in adult ependymoma patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Dützmann, Stephan and Schatlo, Bawarjan and Lobrinus, Alexander and Murek, Michael and Wostrack, Maria and Weiss, Carolin and Schaller, Karl and Raabe, Andreas and Meyer, Bernhard and Goldbrunner, Roland and Franz, Kea and Seifert, Volker and Senft, Christian},
 journal = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology},
 number = {3}
}

@article{tan_identification_2013,
	title = {Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute  central nervous system infections.},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2150-7511},
	doi = {10.1128/mBio.00231-13},
	abstract = {Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4\% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58\%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {mBio},
	author = {Tan, Le Van and van Doorn, H. Rogier and Nghia, Ho Dang Trung and Chau, Tran Thi Hong and Tu, Le Thi Phuong and de Vries, Michel and Canuti, Marta and Deijs, Martin and Jebbink, Maarten F. and Baker, Stephen and Bryant, Juliet E. and Tham, Nguyen Thi and BKrong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh and Boni, Maciej F. and Loi, Tran Quoc and Phuong, Le Thi and Verhoeven, Joost T. P. and Crusat, Martin and Jeeninga, Rienk E. and Schultsz, Constance and Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh and Hien, Tran Tinh and van der Hoek, Lia and Farrar, Jeremy and de Jong, Menno D.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23781068},
	pmcid = {PMC3684831},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Circoviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vietnam, Young Adult},
	pages = {e00231--00213},
}

@article{theophile_comparison_2013,
	title = {Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the {Naranjo} and {Liverpool} algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1179-1942},
	doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0083-1},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference.
METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 \%), followed by 'probable' (35 \%), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 \% each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 \%) and 'probable' (30 \%) followed by 'definite' (7 \%) and 'unlikely' (2 \%). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm.
CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Drug Safety},
	author = {Théophile, Hélène and André, Manon and Miremont-Salamé, Ghada and Arimone, Yannick and Bégaud, Bernard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23828659},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Expert Testimony, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Judgment, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacovigilance, Sensitivity and Specificity},
	pages = {1033--1044}
}

@article{dommett_features_2013,
	title = {Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care: a population-based nested case-control study},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {1532-1827},
	shorttitle = {Features of cancer in teenagers and young adults in primary care},
	doi = {10.1038/bjc.2013.191},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Teenagers and young adults (TYA, 15-24 years) diagnosed with cancer report repeated visits to primary care before referral. We investigated associations of symptoms and consultation frequency in primary care with TYA cancers.
METHODS: Population-based, case-control study was carried out using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). A total of 1064 TYA diagnosed with cancer were matched to 13,206 controls. Symptoms independently associated with specific cancers were identified. Likelihood ratios (LRs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated.
RESULTS: In the 3 months before diagnosis, 397 (42.9\%) cases consulted {\textgreater} or =4 times vs 593(11.5\%) controls (odds ratio (OR): 12.1; 95\% CI: 9.7, 15.1), yielding a PPV for any cancer of 0.018\%. The LR of lymphoma with a head/neck mass was 434 (95\% CI: 60, 3158), with a PPV of 0.5\%. Corresponding figures in other cancers included - LR of leukaemia with lymphadenopathy (any site): 29 (95\% CI: 8, 112), PPV 0.015\%; LR of CNS tumour with seizure: 56 (95\% CI: 19, 163), PPV 0.024\%; and LR of sarcoma with lump/mass/swelling: 79 (95\% CI: 24, 264), PPV 0.042\%.
CONCLUSION: Teenagers and young adults with cancer consulted more frequently than controls in the 3 months before diagnosis. Primary care features of cancer match secondary care reports, but were of very low risk; nonetheless, some features increased the likelihood of cancer substantially and should be taken seriously when assessing TYA.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	author = {Dommett, R. M. and Redaniel, M. T. and Stevens, M. C. G. and Hamilton, W. and Martin, R. M.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23619924},
	pmcid = {PMC3681013},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Great Britain, Humans, Neoplasms, Primary Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Risk, Young Adult},
	pages = {2329--2333}
}

@article{jameson_impact_2013,
	title = {Impact of lipid-lowering therapy on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients at high-risk of cardiovascular events in {UK} primary care - a retrospective database study},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {1742-1241},
	doi = {10.1111/ijcp.12238},
	abstract = {AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidaemias in high-risk patients new to lipid-modifying therapy (LMT), and establish the extent to which these lipid abnormalities are addressed by treatment in UK clinical practice.
METHODS: The PRIMULA study was a retrospective analysis, conducted using the UK General Practice Research Database. Two periods were studied as follows: a pretreatment period, defined as the 12 months before initiation of LMT (the index date), and a follow-up period of at least 12 months. Patients included in the study (n = 25,011) had dyslipidaemia with at least one abnormal lipid measurement [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TG)] in the pretreatment period. All patients were at high risk of cardiovascular events, which was defined as having a history of cardiovascular disease, a 10-year Framingham risk score higher than 20\%, diabetes or hypertension, as defined by the Joint British Societies 2 guidelines.
RESULTS: At the index date, 98\% of patients were initiated on statin monotherapy. After 12 months of treatment, 15.2\% (sub-group range: 11.0-22.9\%) of all high-risk patients had no lipid abnormalities. The proportions of patients with high TC or LDL-C levels decreased from 98.8\% to 68.9\%, and from 99.2\% to 68.7\%, respectively, over 12 months. The prevalence of high TG levels decreased from 45.0\% to 26.9\%, whereas that of low HDL-C levels increased, from 16.6\% to 18.0\%. Risk factors for cardiovascular events were not consistently associated with the likelihood of attaining optimal lipid levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread use of statins, many individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events have persistently abnormal lipid levels, with over two-thirds of patients not achieving target levels of LDL-C or TC. Management of dyslipidaemia is therefore suboptimal in this important high-risk group in UK standard practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {International Journal of Clinical Practice},
	author = {Jameson, K. and Amber, V. and D'Oca, K. and Mills, D. and Giles, A. and Ambegaonkar, B.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23944233},
	pmcid = {PMC4232237},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslipidemias, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hypolipidemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1228--1237}
}

@article{ganten_role_2013,
	title = {The role of perfusion effects in monitoring of chemoradiotherapy of rectal carcinoma using diffusion-weighted imaging},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1470-7330},
	doi = {10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0045},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize and understand the therapy-induced changes in diffusion parameters in rectal carcinoma under chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The current literature shows conflicting results in this regard. We applied the intravoxel incoherent motion model, which allows for the differentiation between diffusion (D) and perfusion (f) effects, to further elucidate potential underlying causes for these divergent reports.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with primary rectal carcinoma undergoing preoperative CRT were examined before, during, and after neoadjuvant CRT using diffusion-weighted imaging. Using the intravoxel incoherent motion approach, f and D were extracted and compared with postoperative tumor downstaging and volume.
RESULTS: Initial diffusion-derived parameters were within a narrow range (D1 = 0.94 ± 0.12 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s). At follow-up, D rose significantly (D2 = 1.18 ± 0.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P {\textless} 0.0001) and continued to increase significantly after CRT (D3 = 1.24 ± 0.14 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P {\textless} 0.0001). The perfusion fraction f did not change significantly (f1 = 9.4 ± 2.0\%, f2 = 9.4 ± 1.7\%, f3 = 9.5 ± 2.7\%). Mean volume (V) decreased significantly (V1 = 16,992 ± 13,083 mm(3); V2 = 12,793 ± 8317 mm(3), V3 = 9718 ± 6154 mm(3)). T-downstaging (10:18 patients) showed no significant correlation with diffusion-derived parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: Conflicting results in the literature considering apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in rectal carcinoma under CRT for patients showing T-downstaging are unlikely to be due to perfusion effects. Our data support the view that under effective therapy, an increase in D/ADC can be observed.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Cancer Imaging: The Official Publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society},
	author = {Ganten, Maria-Katharina and Schuessler, Maximilian and Bäuerle, Tobias and Muenter, Marc and Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter and Jensen, Alexandra and Brand, Karsten and Dueck, Margret and Dinkel, Julien and Kopp-Schneider, Annette and Maier-Hein*, Klaus and Stieltjes, Bram},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemoradiotherapy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rectal Neoplasms, Tumor Burden},
	pages = {548--556}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Does increased prescribed exercise alter non-exercise physical activity / energy expenditure in healthy adults? A systematic review},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Exercise,Physical activity,obesity},
 pages = {1-20},
 volume = {4},
 websites = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cob.12040/abstract},
 id = {63b44962-3cf3-3362-9c0e-100398c0fde6},
 created = {2015-06-19T17:09:00.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {2dfd8953-dc82-35ba-b5bf-3480d4cdcde8},
 group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
 last_modified = {2015-06-19T17:42:38.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Prescribed physical activity/exercise training may reduce non-exercise physical activity resulting in no change in total daily energy expenditure and no or minimal exercise-induced weight loss. This systematic review evaluated cross-sectional, short-term (2–14 d), randomized and non-randomized trials which reported on the effect of prescribed physical activity/exercise on non-exercise physical activity/ energy expenditure in healthy adults. PubMed and Embase were searched (from January 1990 to March 2013) for articles that presented data on the change in non-exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in response to prescribed physical activity/exercise training. Thirty-one articles were included in this review. One-hundred per cent of cross-sectional studies (n = 4), 90% of short-term studies (n = 10), 50% of non-randomized trials (n = 10) and 100% of randomized trials (n = 7) reported no reductions in non-exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in response to prescribed physical activity/exercise training. We found minimal evidence to support the hypothesis that prescribed physical activity/ exercise training results in decreased non-exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in healthy adults. However, this literature is limited by the lack of adequately powered trials designed specifically to evaluate this hypothesis which have included assessments of both the energy expenditure of prescribed exercise and non-exercise energy expenditure using state-of-the-art techniques, i.e. indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water, respectively.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Washburn, R a and Lambourne, K and Szabo, a N and Herrmann, S D and Honas, J J and Donnelly, J E},
 journal = {Clinical Obesity},
 number = {1}
}

@article{walker_risk_2013,
	title = {Risk of uterine cancer in symptomatic women in primary care: case-control study using electronic records},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1478-5242},
	shorttitle = {Risk of uterine cancer in symptomatic women in primary care},
	doi = {10.3399/bjgp13X671632},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women in the UK, with approximately 7700 new diagnoses and 1700 deaths annually.
AIM: To identify and quantify features of uterine cancer in primary care.
DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study using electronic primary care records in primary care in the UK.
METHOD: Putative features of uterine cancer were identified in the year before diagnosis, and odds ratios (ORs) calculated using conditional logistic regression. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for women who consulted.
RESULTS: A total of 2732 women aged ≥40 years with uterine cancer between 2000 and 2009, and 9537 age-, sex- and practice-matched controls were selected from the General Practice Research Database. The median age at diagnosis was 67 years. Nine features were significantly associated with uterine cancer: postmenopausal bleeding (OR = 160; 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 100 to 240), excessive vaginal bleeding (OR = 22; 95\% CI = 12 to 42), irregular menstruation (OR = 42; 95\% CI = 27 to -63), vaginal discharge (OR = 14; 95\% CI = 10 to 21), haematuria (OR = 8.7; 95\% CI = 5.0 to 15), abdominal pain (OR = 2.0; 95\% CI = 1.4 to 2.8), low haemoglobin (OR = 2.1; 95\% CI = 1.5 to 2.9), raised platelets (OR = 1.5; 95\% CI = 1.0 to 2.3), and raised glucose (OR = 1.4; 95\% CI = 1.1 to 1.8); all P{\textless}0.01, other than raised platelets, P = 0.05 and raised glucose, P = 0.02. In the year before diagnosis, 1725 (63\%) cases had a record of abnormal vaginal bleeding compared to 135 (1\%) controls. The PPV of uterine cancer with postmenopausal bleeding was 4\%, and was higher in women with multiple or repeated symptoms.
CONCLUSION: This study confirms the importance of several features, particularly postmenopausal bleeding, for uterine cancer. Haematuria is an important risk marker. The results of this study may inform GPs in the selection of women for investigation and should assist the NICE in their update of GP referral guidance.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {614},
	journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
	author = {Walker, Sarah and Hyde, Chris and Hamilton, William},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23998845},
	pmcid = {PMC3750804},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Early Detection of Cancer, Electronic Health Records, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Risk Assessment, Uterine Hemorrhage, Uterine Neoplasms, Vaginal Discharge},
	pages = {e643--648}
}

@article{sogbodjor_misleading_2013,
	title = {Misleading neurological symptoms during insertion of an epidural catheter in labour.},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1532-3374 0959-289X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijoa.2012.12.006},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {International journal of obstetric anesthesia},
	author = {Sogbodjor, A. and Robson, E. J. and Yentis, S. M.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23453466},
	keywords = {*Drug Hypersensitivity, Adult, Analgesia, Epidural/*adverse effects, Analgesia, Obstetrical/*adverse effects, Analgesics, Opioid, Catheterization, Chlorhexidine/*adverse effects, Dermatitis, Contact, Disinfectants/*adverse effects, Epidural Space, Erythema/diagnosis/pathology, Female, Humans, Meperidine, Nervous System Diseases/*diagnosis, Pregnancy},
	pages = {173--174},
}

@article{ radua_new_2012,
  title = {A new meta-analytic method for neuroimaging studies that combines reported peak coordinates and statistical parametric maps},
  volume = {27},
  issn = {1778-3585},
  doi = {10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.04.001},
  abstract = {Meta-analyses are essential to summarize the results of the growing number of neuroimaging studies in psychiatry, neurology and allied disciplines. Image-based meta-analyses use full image information (i.e. the statistical parametric maps) and well-established statistics, but images are rarely available making them highly unfeasible. Peak-probability meta-analyses such as activation likelihood estimation (ALE) or multilevel kernel density analysis (MKDA) are more feasible as they only need reported peak coordinates. Signed-differences methods, such as signed differential mapping (SDM) build upon the positive features of existing peak-probability methods and enable meta-analyses of studies comparing patients with controls. In this paper we present a new version of SDM, named Effect Size SDM (ES-SDM), which enables the combination of statistical parametric maps and peak coordinates and uses well-established statistics. We validated the new method by comparing the results of an ES-SDM meta-analysis of studies on the brain response to fearful faces with the results of a pooled analysis of the original individual data. The results showed that ES-SDM is a valid and reliable coordinate-based method, whose performance might be additionally increased by including statistical parametric maps. We anticipate that ES-SDM will be a helpful tool for researchers in the fields of psychiatry, neurology and allied disciplines.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {8},
  journal = {European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
  author = {Radua, J. and Mataix-Cols, D. and Phillips, M. L. and El-Hage, W. and Kronhaus, D. M. and Cardoner, N. and Surguladze, S.},
  month = {November},
  year = {2012},
  pmid = {21658917},
  keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Facial Expression, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Reproducibility of Results},
  pages = {605--611}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Quantitative evaluation of white matter tract DTI parameter changes in gliomas using nonlinear registration.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Anisotropy,Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping: methods,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Computer-Assisted,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: methods,Female,Glioma,Glioma: pathology,Humans,Image Interpretation,Male,Middle Aged},
 pages = {2309-15},
 volume = {60},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22387173},
 month = {5},
 day = {1},
 id = {52c453a0-39cf-3063-98b2-f969182bb93f},
 created = {2014-02-21T01:56:21.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-01-28},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c9197201-0e1b-30a7-a154-39d024463beb},
 last_modified = {2017-03-16T10:25:05.903Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used extensively to investigate white matter architecture in the brain. In the context of neurological disease, quantification of DTI data sets enables objective characterisation of the associated pathological changes. The aim of this study is to propose a method of evaluating DTI parameter changes in gliomas in the internal capsule using nonlinear registration to delineate the white matter and enable quantitative assessment of DTI derived parameters. 20 patients selected pre-operatively with probable grade 2 or grade 3 glioma on structural MRI along with ten normal volunteers were included in this study. DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were used to define a common segmented FA skeleton that was projected back onto the original individual FA maps. Objective segment classification as normal or abnormal was achieved by comparison to prediction intervals of FA and mean diffusivity (MD) defined in normal subjects. The internal capsules of each patient were segmented into 10 regions of interest (ROI) with 20 and 16 segments across the group having significantly increased or decreased FA and MD values respectively. Seven glioma patients had abnormal DTI parameters in the internal capsule. We show that the classification of tract segments was consistent with disruption, oedema or compression. The results suggest that this method could be used to detect changes in eloquent white matter tracts in individual patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Miller, P and Coope, D and Thompson, G and Jackson, A and Herholz, K},
 journal = {NeuroImage},
 number = {4}
}

@article{looker_lumbar_2012-1,
	title = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area: {United} {States}, 2005-2008},
	issn = {0083-1980},
	shorttitle = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008.
METHODS: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means.
RESULTS: Among scanned individuals, 11\% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4\% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6\% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9\%-10\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4\% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8\%-17\% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60\%-15\% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5\%-13\% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {251},
	journal = {Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey},
	author = {Looker, Anne C. and Borrud, Lori G. and Hughes, Jeffery P. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A. and Melton, L. Joseph},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {24261130},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Child, Ethnic Groups, Female, Femur, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
	pages = {1--132}
}

@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
	title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
	volume = {167},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22564022},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
	pages = {598--605}
}

@article{oconnor_combinatorial_2012,
	title = {Combinatorial pharmacogenetic interactions of bucindolol and β1, α2C adrenergic receptor polymorphisms},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0044324},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetics involves complex interactions of gene products affecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, but there is little information on the interaction of multiple genetic modifiers of drug response. Bucindolol is a β-blocker/sympatholytic agent whose efficacy is modulated by polymorphisms in the primary target (β(1) adrenergic receptor [AR] Arg389 Gly on cardiac myocytes) and a secondary target modifier (α(2C) AR Ins [wild-type (Wt)] 322-325 deletion [Del] on cardiac adrenergic neurons). The major allele homozygotes and minor allele carriers of each polymorphism are respectively associated with efficacy enhancement and loss, creating the possibility for genotype combination interactions that can be measured by clinical trial methodology.
METHODOLOGY: In a 1,040 patient substudy of a bucindolol vs. placebo heart failure clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that combinations of β(1)389 and α(2C)322-325 polymorphisms are additive for both efficacy enhancement and loss. Additionally, norepinephrine (NE) affinity for β(1)389 AR variants was measured in human explanted left ventricles.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The combination of β(1)389 Arg+α(2C)322-325 Wt major allele homozygotes (47\% of the trial population) was non-additive for efficacy enhancement across six clinical endpoints, with an average efficacy increase of 1.70-fold vs. 2.32-fold in β(1)389 Arg homozygotes+α(2C)322-325 Del minor allele carriers. In contrast, the minor allele carrier combination (13\% subset) exhibited additive efficacy loss. These disparate effects are likely due to the higher proportion (42\% vs. 8.7\%, P = 0.009) of high-affinity NE binding sites in β(1)389 Arg vs. Gly ARs, which converts α(2C)Del minor allele-associated NE lowering from a therapeutic liability to a benefit.
CONCLUSIONS: On combination, the two sets of AR polymorphisms 1) influenced bucindolol efficacy seemingly unpredictably but consistent with their pharmacologic interactions, and 2) identified subpopulations with enhanced (β(1)389 Arg homozygotes), intermediate (β(1)389 Gly carriers+α(2C)322-325 Wt homozygotes), and no (β(1)389 Gly carriers+α(2C)322-325 Del carriers) efficacy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {PloS One},
	author = {O'Connor, Christopher M. and Fiuzat, Mona and Carson, Peter E. and Anand, Inder S. and Plehn, Jonathan F. and Gottlieb, Stephen S. and Silver, Marc A. and Lindenfeld, JoAnn and Miller, Alan B. and White, Michel and Walsh, Ryan and Nelson, Penny and Medway, Allen and Davis, Gordon and Robertson, Alastair D. and Port, J. David and Carr, James and Murphy, Guinevere A. and Lazzeroni, Laura C. and Abraham, William T. and Liggett, Stephen B. and Bristow, Michael R.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23071495},
	pmcid = {PMC3468617},
	keywords = {Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Adult, Aged, Female, Heart Failure, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Pharmacogenetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Propanolamines, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1},
	pages = {e44324}
}

@article{ tapia_recollection_2012,
  title = {Recollection of negative information in posttraumatic stress disorder},
  volume = {25},
  issn = {1573-6598},
  doi = {10.1002/jts.21659},
  abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder ({PTSD}) associated with the effects of emotional valence on recall processes in recognition memory. Patients suffering from {PTSD} (n = 15) were compared with 15 nontraumatized patients with anxious and depressive symptoms and with 15 nontraumatized controls on the remember/know paradigm using negative, positive, and neutral words. The {PTSD} group remembered more negative words than the nontraumatized controls, F(1, 42) = 7.20, p = .01, but there was no difference between those with {PTSD} and those with anxiety or depression, F(1, 42) = 2.93, p = .09, or between the latter and controls, F(1, 42) {\textless} 1. This study did not allow us to determine whether this recollection bias for negative information was specific to the {PTSD} status or was triggered by the greater level of anxiety displayed in this group.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Journal of Traumatic Stress},
  author = {Tapia, Géraldine and Clarys, David and Bugaiska, Aurélia and El-Hage, Wissam},
  month = {February},
  year = {2012},
  pmid = {22278745},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Terminology as Topic, Young Adult},
  pages = {120--123}
}

@article{kelly_london_2011,
	title = {The {London} low emission zone baseline study},
	issn = {1041-5505},
	abstract = {On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5\% to 10\% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {163},
	journal = {Research Report (Health Effects Institute)},
	author = {Kelly, Frank and Armstrong, Ben and Atkinson, Richard and Anderson, H. Ross and Barratt, Ben and Beevers, Sean and Cook, Derek and Green, Dave and Derwent, Dick and Mudway, Ian and Wilkinson, Paul and {HEI Health Review Committee}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22315924},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Small-Area Analysis, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vehicle Emissions, Young Adult},
	pages = {3--79}
}

@article{kotz_incidence_2011,
	title = {Incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in {England}, 2001 to 2005},
	volume = {127},
	issn = {1097-6825},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.021},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous descriptions of the epidemiology of peanut allergy have mainly been derived from small cross-sectional studies.
OBJECTIVE: To interrogate a large national research database to provide estimates for the incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in the English population.
METHODS: Version 10 of the QRESEARCH database was used with data from 2,958,366 patients who were registered with 422 United Kingdom general practices in the years 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome was a recording of clinician-diagnosed peanut allergy.
RESULTS: The age-sex standardized incidence rate of peanut allergy in 2005 was 0.08 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI, 0.07-0.08), and the prevalence rate was 0.51 per 1000 patients (95\% CI, 0.49-0.54). This translated into an estimated 4000 incident cases (95\% CI, 3500-4600) and 25,700 prevalent cases (95\% CI, 24,400-27,100) of GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in England in 2005. During the study period, the incidence rate of peanut allergy remained fairly stable, whereas the prevalence rate doubled. In those under 18 years of age, the crude lifetime prevalence rate was higher in males than females. A significant inverse relationship between prevalence and socioeconomic status was found.
CONCLUSION: These data on GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy from a large general practice database suggest a much lower prevalence in peanut allergy than has hitherto been found. This difference may in part be explained by underrecording of peanut allergy in general practice. Further research is needed to assess the true frequency of peanut allergy in the population and whether there has been a true increase in recent years.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
	author = {Kotz, Daniel and Simpson, Colin R. and Sheikh, Aziz},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21236479},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, General Practitioners, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Records, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Prevalence, incidence},
	pages = {623--630.e1}
}

@article{ wicclair_conscientious_2011,
  title = {Conscientious refusals by hospitals and emergency contraception},
  volume = {20},
  issn = {1469-2147},
  doi = {10.1017/S0963180110000691},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics: {CQ}: the international journal of healthcare ethics committees},
  author = {Wicclair, Mark R},
  month = {January},
  year = {2011},
  pmid = {21223617},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Catholicism, Child Abuse, Sexual, Choice Behavior, Conscience, Contraception, Postcoital, Contraceptives, Postcoital, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Personal Autonomy, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Tests, Prescription Drugs, Rape, Refusal to Treat, Sex Offenses, Young Adult},
  pages = {130--138}
}

@article{ brunault_observations_2011,
  title = {Observations regarding 'quality of life' and 'comfort with food' after bariatric surgery: comparison between laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy},
  volume = {21},
  issn = {1708-0428},
  shorttitle = {Observations regarding 'quality of life' and 'comfort with food' after bariatric surgery},
  doi = {10.1007/s11695-011-0411-4},
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) are coexisting first-choice restrictive procedures for bariatric surgery candidates, it is possible, given their different modes of action, that these procedures have different effects on quality of life (QOL). We hypothesized that improvement of QOL and comfort with food could be better with LSG compared to LAGB.
METHODS: This cohort study included 131 obese patients who had either LAGB (n = 102) or LSG (n = 29). Patients were assessed during preoperative and at 6- and 12-month postoperative visits. Five QOL dimensions were assessed using the 'Quality of Life, Obesity and Dietetics' rating scale: physical impact, psycho-social impact, impact on sex life, comfort with food and diet experience. We compared QOL evolution between LAGB and LSG using linear mixed models adjusted for gender and body mass index at each visit.
RESULTS: Excess weight loss was 28.4 ± 14.7% and 34.8 ± 18.4% for LAGB and 35.7 ± 14.3% and 43.8 ± 17.8% for LSG at 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Both LAGB and LSG provided significant improvement in the physical, psycho-social, sexual and diet experience dimensions of QOL. LSG was associated with better improvement than LAGB in short-term (6-month) comfort with food.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results add further evidence to the benefit of LSG and LAGB in obesity management. Within the first year of follow-up, there is no lasting difference in the comfort with food dimension between LSG and LABG.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {8},
  journal = {Obesity Surgery},
  author = {Brunault, Paul and Jacobi, David and Léger, Julie and Bourbao-Tournois, Céline and Huten, Noël and Camus, Vincent and Ballon, Nicolas and Couet, Charles},
  month = {August},
  year = {2011},
  pmid = {21533881},
  keywords = {Adult, Cohort Studies, Eating, Female, Gastrectomy, Gastroplasty, Humans, Laparoscopy, Linear Models, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Quality of Life, Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Weight Loss},
  pages = {1225--1231}
}

@article{vinogradova_exposure_2011,
	title = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer: nested case-control studies},
	volume = {105},
	issn = {1532-1827},
	shorttitle = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer},
	doi = {10.1038/bjc.2011.252},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors are widely used as analgesics and it is unclear whether its long-term use affects cancer risk.
METHODS: A series of nested case-control studies using the QResearch primary care database. Associations of COX2 inhibitor use with risk of all cancers and 10 common site-specific cancers were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and statins.
RESULTS: A total of 88,125 cancers, diagnosed between 1998 and 2008, matched with up to five controls, were analysed. Use of COX2 inhibitors for more than a year was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.42) and haematological malignancies (OR 1.38, 95\% CI 1.12-1.69) and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 0.76, 95\% CI 0.63-0.92). There were no other significant associations.
CONCLUSION: Prolonged use of COX2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of breast and haematological cancers and decreased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings need to be confirmed using other data sources.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	author = {Vinogradova, Y. and Coupland, C. and Hippisley-Cox, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21750557},
	pmcid = {PMC3172909},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors},
	pages = {452--459}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{zhang_amoxicillin/clavulanic_2011,
	title = {Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction: a randomized controlled trial},
	volume = {71},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	shorttitle = {Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040543/},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03824.x},
	abstract = {AIMS
To investigate whether an interaction exists between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) and warfarin in patients treated with stable oral anticoagulant therapy.

METHODS
In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study, 12 patients on stable warfarin therapy, received a 7 day amoxiclav regimen or placebo.

RESULTS
The mean maximum increase in INR observed was 0.22 ± 0.3 with amoxiclav vs. 0.24 ± 0.6 with placebo (P= 0.94). The day 7–day 1 factor II, R(–) and S(–) warfarin plasma concentrations were similar during the amoxiclav and placebo study periods (P= 0.81, P= 0.45, P= 0.75, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Amoxiclav did not modify anticoagulation in patients treated with stable warfarin therapy and without infection.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-06-25TZ},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Zhang, Qian and Simoneau, Guy and Verstuyft, Celine and Drouet, Ludovic and dit Sollier, Claire Bal and Alvarez, Jean-Claude and Rizzo-Padoin, Nathalie and Bergmann, Jean Francois and Becquemont, Laurent and Mouly, Stephane},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21219403},
	pmcid = {PMC3040543},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anticoagulants, Blood Coagulation, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Drug Interactions, Female, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Male, Middle Aged, Prothrombin, Warfarin, Young Adult},
	pages = {232--236}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Alberta Context Tool (ACT)},
 pages = {107},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-11-107},
 month = {12},
 day = {18},
 id = {6cfd6b22-8bd6-344d-a565-9bf88fb1e055},
 created = {2018-01-17T18:09:46.350Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {369acd69-1fe7-313d-821e-cb7bbe1ddab2},
 group_id = {c58111b6-6088-3a92-94c9-4742fdd13d6f},
 last_modified = {2018-01-23T15:59:04.281Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Estabrooks2011g},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Organizational context has the potential to influence the use of new knowledge. However, despite advances in understanding the theoretical base of organizational context, its measurement has not been adequately addressed, limiting our ability to quantify and assess context in healthcare settings and thus, advance development of contextual interventions to improve patient care. We developed the Alberta Context Tool (the ACT) to address this concern. It consists of 58 items representing 10 modifiable contextual concepts. We reported the initial validation of the ACT in 2009. This paper presents the second stage of the psychometric validation of the ACT.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Estabrooks, Carole A and Squires, Janet E and Hayduk, Leslie A and Cummings, Greta G and Norton, Peter G},
 journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_individualising_2010,
	title = {Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in {England} and {Wales}: population-based cohort study},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {1468-201X},
	shorttitle = {Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in {England} and {Wales}},
	doi = {10.1136/hrt.2010.199034},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate risk algorithms so that the risks of four clinical outcomes associated with statin use can be estimated for individual patients.
DESIGN: Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from 368 QResearch general practices in England and Wales to develop the scores. The scores were validated using two separate sets of practices-188 separate QResearch practices and 364 practices contributing to the THIN database.
SUBJECTS: In the QResearch derivation cohort 225 922 new users of statins and 1 778 770 non-users of statins were studied. In the QResearch validation cohort 118 372 statin users and 877 812 non-users of statins were studied. In the THIN validation cohort, we studied 282 056 statin users and 1 923 840 non-users of statins were studied.
METHODS: Cox proportional hazards models in the derivation cohort to derive risk equations. Measures of calibration and discrimination in both validation cohorts.
OUTCOMES: 5-Year risk of moderate/serious myopathic events; moderate/serious liver dysfunction; acute renal failure and cataract.
RESULTS: The performance of three of the risk prediction algorithms in the THIN cohort was very good. For example, in women, the algorithm for moderate/serious myopathy explained 42.15\% of the variation. The corresponding D statistics was 1.75. The acute renal failure algorithm explained 59.62\% of the variation (D statistic=2.49). The cataract algorithm explained 59.14\% of the variation (D statistic=2.46). The algorithms to predict moderate/severe liver dysfunction only explained 15.55\% of the variation (D statistics=0.89). The performance of each algorithm was similar for both sexes when tested on the QResearch validation cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: The algorithms to predict acute renal failure, moderate/serious myopathy and cataract could be used to identify patients at increased risk of these adverse effects enabling patients to be monitored more closely. Further research is needed to develop a better algorithm to predict liver dysfunction.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Heart (British Cardiac Society)},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Coupland, Carol},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20489220},
	keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Body Mass Index, Cataract, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, England, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Muscular Diseases, Wales},
	pages = {939--947}
}

@article{mehta_patients_2010,
	title = {Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: cohort study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1522-9645},
	shorttitle = {Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality},
	doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehp567},
	abstract = {AIMS: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory T-helper cell-1/17 mediated skin disease. Recent studies suggest that psoriasis, particularly if severe, may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We conducted a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to determine if severe psoriasis patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Severe psoriasis was defined as patients who received a psoriasis diagnosis and systemic therapy consistent with severe psoriasis (n = 3603). Up to four unexposed patients without psoriasis were selected from the same practices and start dates for each psoriasis patient (n = 14 330). For every death, the cause was determined by review of the electronic medical record. Severe psoriasis was an independent risk factor for CV mortality (HR 1.57; 95\% CI 1.26, 1.96) when adjusting for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. Overall, severe psoriasis patients experienced one extra CV death per 283 patients per year, even when adjusting for major CV risk factors. The relative risk of CV mortality was modified by age. For example, the RR of CV death for a 40-year-old and 60-year-old with severe psoriasis was 2.69 (1.45, 4.99) and 1.92 (1.41, 2.62), respectively. The findings were robust to multiple sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION: Patients with severe psoriasis have an increased risk of CV mortality that is independent of traditional CV risk factors. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of this association and the impact that control of psoriasis has on CV risk.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {European Heart Journal},
	author = {Mehta, Nehal N. and Azfar, Rahat S. and Shin, Daniel B. and Neimann, Andrea L. and Troxel, Andrea B. and Gelfand, Joel M.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20037179},
	pmcid = {PMC2894736},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dermatologic Agents, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psoriasis, Risk Factors, incidence},
	pages = {1000--1006}
}

@article{devine_identification_2010,
	title = {The identification of pregnancies within the general practice research database},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.1862},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The United States is moving toward active drug safety surveillance using sources such as administrative claims and electronic medical records, but use of these data for studying teratogenicity has been challenging, as they typically do not allow for the easy identification of pregnancies. Our goal was to develop and validate an algorithm for the identification of pregnancies in the general practice research database (GPRD) that could be used to study pregnancy outcomes.
METHODS: The algorithm identified pregnancies in women 15-45-year-old that were pregnant between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2006. We identified live births, stillbirths, and spontaneous and elective terminations within a woman's record. We validated the algorithm using the additional clinical details maternity (ACDM) file and de-identified free-text records.
RESULTS: We analyzed 16,035,394 records from 3,093,927 individuals and identified 383,184 women who had a total of 580,356 pregnancies. There were 415,221 full-term live births, 3080 pre- or post-term births, 1834 multi-fetus deliveries, 86,408 spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, 72 164 elective terminations, and 1649 stillbirths or fetal deaths. A marker of pregnancy care was identifiable for 86.3\% of the 580,356 pregnancies. The internal validation steps indicated that the algorithm produced consistent results with the ACDM file.
CONCLUSIONS: We were successful in identifying a large number of pregnancies in the GPRD. Our use of a hierarchical approach to identify pregnancy outcomes builds upon the methods suggested in previous work, while implementing additional steps to minimize potential misclassification of pregnancy outcomes.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Devine, Scott and West, Suzanne and Andrews, Elizabeth and Tennis, Pat and Hammad, Tarek A. and Eaton, Susan and Thorp, John and Olshan, Andrew},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {19823973},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Algorithms, Databases, Factual, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, Research, United States, pregnancy},
	pages = {45--50}
}

@article{cornish_risk_2010,
	title = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {341},
	issn = {1756-1833},
	shorttitle = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates.
RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95\% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85\% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Cornish, Rosie and Macleod, John and Strang, John and Vickerman, Peter and Hickman, Matt},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20978062},
	pmcid = {PMC2965139},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Buprenorphine, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Opioid-Related Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Young Adult},
	pages = {c5475}
}

@article{moller_analysis_2010,
	title = {Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis: a case-control association study},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1471-2334},
	shorttitle = {Analysis of eight genes modulating interferon gamma and human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2334-10-154},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interferon gamma is a major macrophage-activating cytokine during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis, and its role has been well established in animal models and in humans. This cytokine is produced by activated T helper 1 cells, which can best deal with intracellular pathogens such as M. tuberculosis. Based on the hypothesis that genes which regulate interferon gamma may influence tuberculosis susceptibility, we investigated polymorphisms in eight candidate genes.
METHODS: Fifty-four polymorphisms in eight candidate genes were genotyped in over 800 tuberculosis cases and healthy controls in a population-based case-control association study in a South African population. Genotyping methods used included the SNPlex Genotyping System, capillary electrophoresis of fluorescently labelled PCR products, TaqMan SNP genotyping assays or the amplification mutation refraction system. Single polymorphisms as well as haplotypes of the variants were tested for association with TB using statistical analyses.
RESULTS: A haplotype in interleukin 12B was nominally associated with tuberculosis (p = 0.02), but after permutation testing, done to assess the significance for the entire analysis, this was not globally significant. In addition a novel allele was found for the interleukin 12B D5S2941 microsatellite.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of using larger sample sizes when attempting validation of previously reported genetic associations. Initial studies may be false positives or may propose a stronger genetic effect than subsequently found to be the case.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
	author = {Möller, Marlo and Nebel, Almut and van Helden, Paul D. and Schreiber, Stefan and Hoal, Eileen G.},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20525402},
	pmcid = {PMC2891757},
	note = {00022 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Interferon-gamma, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Polymorphism, Genetic, South Africa, Tuberculosis, Young Adult},
	pages = {154},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dissemination limits the survival of patients with anaplastic ependymoma after extensive surgical resection, meticulous follow up, and intensive treatment for recurrence.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adjuvant,Adolescent,Adult,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: diagnosis,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Chemotherapy,Child,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Kaplan-Meier Estimate,Local,Local: therapy,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Recurrence,Preschool,Radiotherapy,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate},
 pages = {185-91; discussion 191-2},
 volume = {33},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20186454},
 month = {4},
 id = {095ad00f-60e1-3a2f-8cae-2eb3aba8490a},
 created = {2013-09-07T05:22:53.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-09-07},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:56.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The extent of resection is the most consistent factor affecting outcome of intracranial ependymomas. The outcomes in patients with intracranial anaplastic ependymomas who underwent more than subtotal resection and intensive treatment for recurrence were reviewed retrospectively. Between 1989 and 2007, 18 patients underwent more than subtotal resection at Tohoku University Hospital. Adjuvant chemoradiation therapy was conducted in 16 patients. Meticulous follow-up was performed for early detection of recurrence. Intensive therapy including surgery and chemoradiation therapy was added for recurrence. Median survival in all 18 patients was 136 months. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 59.1% and 50.7%, respectively. Eight patients died during the observation period, five of dissemination, but none of uncontrollable local recurrence. High resection rate, meticulous follow-up, and intensive treatment for recurrence improved the survival of patients with anaplastic ependymoma. Dissemination was the life-determining factor in this series of patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Saito, Ryuta and Kumabe, Toshihiro and Kanamori, Masayuki and Sonoda, Yukihiko and Tominaga, Teiji},
 journal = {Neurosurgical Review},
 number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {8364c8e1-57a1-3484-94df-1bd37d5d7010},
 title = {Nonlinear measure of synchrony between blood oxygen saturation and heart rate from nocturnal pulse oximetry in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Data Interpretation, Statistical,Entropy,Female,Heart Rate,Heart Rate: physiology,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Nonlinear Dynamics,Oximetry,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Polysomnography,ROC Curve,Reproducibility of Results,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: blood,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: physiopathology,Young Adult},
 created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
 pages = {967-82},
 volume = {30},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696463},
 month = {9},
 accessed = {2010-08-14},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
 group_id = {ba0deb47-e19a-3151-83cc-b6262d5edb6e},
 last_modified = {2014-07-19T19:17:42.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Alvarez2009b},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"5adc2c25-73db-4b77-aed2-d32a75858a27"},
 abstract = {This study focuses on analysis of the relationship between changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and heart rate (HR) recordings from nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) in patients suspected of suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. Two different analyses were developed: a classical frequency analysis based on the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) and a nonlinear analysis by means of a recently developed measure of synchrony, the cross-approximate entropy (cross-ApEn). A data set of 187 subjects was studied. We found significantly higher correlation and synchrony between oximetry signals from OSA positive patients compared with OSA negative subjects. We assessed the diagnostic ability to detect OSA syndrome of both the classical and nonlinear approaches by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with tenfold cross-validation. The nonlinear measure of synchrony significantly improved the results obtained with classical MSC: 69.2% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity and 78.1% accuracy were reached with MSC, whereas 83.7% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity and 84.0% accuracy were obtained with cross-ApEn. Our results suggest that the use of nonlinear measures of synchrony could provide essential information from oximetry signals, which cannot be obtained with classical spectral analysis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alvarez, D and Hornero, R and Abásolo, D and del Campo, F and Zamarrón, C and López, M},
 journal = {Physiological measurement},
 number = {9}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {A new tool for assessing human movement: the Kinematic Assessment Tool.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Biomechanical Phenomena,Computers,Hand,Humans,Motor Activity,Movement,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted,Software,Task Performance and Analysis,Time Factors,Young Adult},
 pages = {184-92},
 volume = {184},
 websites = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016502700900404X},
 month = {10},
 day = {30},
 id = {600e7210-e036-3377-96e3-b28cb73804c7},
 created = {2016-01-20T15:47:53.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-01-20},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The study of human behaviour ultimately requires the documentation of human movement. In some instances movements can be recorded through a simple button press on a computer input device. In other situations responses can be captured through questionnaire surveys. Nevertheless, there is a need within many neuroscience settings to capture how complex movements unfold over time (human kinematics). Current methods of measuring human kinematics range from accurate but multifarious laboratory configurations to portable but simplistic and time-consuming paper and pen methods. We describe a new system for recording the end-point of human movement that has the power of laboratory measures but the advantages of pen-and-paper tests: the Kinematic Assessment Tool. KAT provides a highly portable system capable of measuring human movement in configurable visual-spatial tasks. The usefulness of the system is shown in a study where 12 participants undertook a tracing and copying task using their preferred and non-preferred hand. The results show that it is possible to capture behaviour within complex tasks and quantify performance using objective measures automatically generated by the KAT system. The utility of these measures was indexed by our ability to distinguish the performance of the preferred and non-preferred hand using a single variable.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Culmer, Peter R and Levesley, Martin C and Mon-Williams, Mark and Williams, Justin H G},
 journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
 number = {1}
}

@article{setakis_changes_2008,
	title = {Changes in the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors after the 2004 withdrawal of rofecoxib},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0004-3591},
	doi = {10.1002/art.23925},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of rofecoxib withdrawal on the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors.
METHODS: The General Practice Research Database was used to identify patients age {\textgreater} or =18 years who were prescribed a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Various patient characteristics were noted at the start of therapy: age, sex, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-related risk factors for upper gastrointestinal (GI) events, and the Framingham risk score for cardiovascular disease. Logistic regression was used to compare patients using selective COX-2 inhibitors before and after September 2004.
RESULT: The study population included 171,645 patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors. The number of users substantially increased over time until September 2004 and sharply declined thereafter. Approximately 80\% stopped selective COX-2 inhibitor therapy within 6 months. Patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors after September 2004 were younger and included more men compared with those receiving therapy before September 2004. There was no change before and after September 2004 in the proportion of patients with GI risk factors or high Framingham risk scores, after adjustment for age and sex. A correlation was found between presence of GI risk factors and high Framingham risk scores. Only 20\% of patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors had GI risk factors but low Framingham risk score, which did not change after September 2004.
CONCLUSION: There was no channeling in the usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors toward patients with a high risk of GI and low risk of cardiovascular disease following the withdrawal of rofecoxib.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
	author = {Setakis, E. and Leufkens, H. G. M. and van Staa, T. P.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18668614},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Great Britain, Humans, Lactones, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Rheumatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Sulfones, incidence},
	pages = {1105--1111}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Impact of adalimumab treatment on health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes: results from a 16-week randomized controlled trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Quality of Life/psychology,Adult,Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*administration & dosage/,Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/ad,Antirheumatic Agents/*administration & dosage/adve,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug,Epidemiologic Methods,Female,Health Status,Humans,Male,Methotrexate/*administration & dosage/adverse effe,Psoriasis/*drug therapy/immunology,Treatment Outcome},
 pages = {549-557},
 volume = {158},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18047521},
 edition = {2007/12/01},
 id = {4f1dcea9-d08a-37fa-acac-d56565114e6d},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:49.367Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:49.476Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 language = {eng},
 notes = {<m:note>Revicki, D<m:linebreak/>Willian, M K<m:linebreak/>Saurat, J-H<m:linebreak/>Papp, K A<m:linebreak/>Ortonne, J-P<m:linebreak/>Sexton, C<m:linebreak/>Camez, A<m:linebreak/>Multicenter Study<m:linebreak/>Randomized Controlled Trial<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>The British journal of dermatology<m:linebreak/>Bjd8236<m:linebreak/>Br J Dermatol. 2008 Mar;158(3):549-57. Epub 2007 Nov 28.</m:note>},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are important in evaluating the impact of psoriasis and its treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of adalimumab treatment on HRQOL and other PROs in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. METHODS: A 16-week, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in 271 adults with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Patients were randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to adalimumab, methotrexate (MTX) or placebo. PROs were evaluated throughout the study and included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient's Global Assessment of disease severity, plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Psoriasis-Related Pruritus Assessment and EuroQOL 5D (EQ-5D). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the adalimumab- and placebo-treated and the MTX-treated groups on mean DLQI total scores during the 16-week double-blind study (both P<0.001). Significant differences, favouring adalimumab compared with placebo, were also observed on the Patient's Global Assessment of disease severity (P<0.001), VAS for pain (P<0.001), Psoriasis-Related Pruritus Assessment (P<0.001), EQ-5D VAS (P<0.001) and EQ-5D index score (P<0.01). Compared with MTX, adalimumab resulted in statistically significantly greater improvements in the Patient's Global Assessment of disease severity (P<0.001), the VAS for pain (P<0.01) and the Psoriasis-Related Pruritus Assessment (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab was efficacious in improving dermatology-specific HRQOL, disease control and symptom outcomes in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Revicki, D and Willian, M K and Saurat, J H and Papp, K A and Ortonne, J P and Sexton, C and Camez, A},
 journal = {Br J Dermatol},
 number = {3}
}

@article{ chervenak_ethics_2008,
  title = {The ethics of direct and indirect referral for termination of pregnancy},
  volume = {199},
  issn = {1097-6868},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.007},
  abstract = {Referral of pregnant patients for termination of pregnancy by physicians morally opposed to the procedure is ethically controversial, with polarized positions taken by physician organizations. Based on the ethical principles of beneficence and respect for autonomy, we establish the distinction between direct and indirect referral. Direct referral is beneficence based and requires the referring physician to ensure that the referral occurs. Indirect referral is autonomy based, with a beneficence-based component that requires that the physician provide information to the patient about health care organizations that will provide competent medical care. We show that only indirect referral is ethically required in healthy women for termination of an unwanted pregnancy or a pregnancy complicated by fetal anomalies because the indications for this procedure are solely autonomy based. Direct referral for termination of pregnancy is not ethically required but is permissible. Conscience-based objections to direct referral for termination of pregnancy have merit; conscience-based objections to indirect referral do not.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {3},
  journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology},
  author = {Chervenak, Frank A and McCullough, Laurence B},
  month = {September},
  year = {2008},
  pmid = {18667194},
  keywords = {Abortion, Induced, Adult, Conscience, Ethics, Medical, Female, Gynecology, Humans, Obstetrics, Personal Autonomy, Physicians, Pregnancy, Referral and Consultation},
  pages = {232.e1--3}
}

@Article{Elliot2007,
  author   = {Andrew J Elliot and Markus A Maier and Arlen C Moller and Ron Friedman and J\"org Meinhardt},
  journal  = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
  title    = {Color and psychological functioning: the effect of red on performance attainment.},
  year     = {2007},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {154-68},
  volume   = {136},
  abstract = {This research focuses on the relation between color and psychological
	functioning, specifically, that between red and performance attainment.
	Red is hypothesized to impair performance on achievement tasks, because
	red is associated with the danger of failure in achievement contexts
	and evokes avoidance motivation. Four experiments demonstrate that
	the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an
	IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place
	outside of participants' conscious awareness. Two further experiments
	establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated
	by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e.,
	cortical activation) measures. The findings suggest that care must
	be taken in how red is used in achievement contexts and illustrate
	how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important
	influences on behavior.},
  doi      = {10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.154},
  keywords = {Achievement, Adolescent, Adult, Color Perception, Escape Reaction, Female, Humans, Male, Psychology, 17324089},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {No effect of APOE and PVRL2 on the clinical outcome of multiple sclerosis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Apolipoproteins E/*genetics,Cell Adhesion Molecules/*genetics,Disease Progression,Female,Gene Frequency,Genotype,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Multiple Sclerosis/*genetics/physiopathology,Severity of Illness Index},
 pages = {156-160},
 volume = {186},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17376543},
 edition = {2007/03/23},
 id = {97823616-1f4d-37f6-a788-8ec55f360a74},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:25.441Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:25.558Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 language = {eng},
 notes = {<m:note>Ramagopalan, S V<m:linebreak/>Deluca, G C<m:linebreak/>Morrison, K M<m:linebreak/>Herrera, B M<m:linebreak/>Dyment, D A<m:linebreak/>Orton, S<m:linebreak/>Bihoreau, M T<m:linebreak/>Degenhardt, A<m:linebreak/>Pugliatti, M<m:linebreak/>Sadovnick, A D<m:linebreak/>Sotgiu, S<m:linebreak/>Ebers, G C<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>Netherlands<m:linebreak/>Journal of neuroimmunology<m:linebreak/>S0165-5728(07)00061-6<m:linebreak/>J Neuroimmunol. 2007 May;186(1-2):156-60. Epub 2007 Mar 21.</m:note>},
 abstract = {Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system unsurpassed for its variability in disease outcome. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is involved in neuronal remodelling and several studies have attempted to examine the effect of APOE on MS disease severity, but its function in modifying the course of MS is controversial. It has been suggested recently that PVRL2, not APOE, is the locus on chromosome 19 which influences clinical outcome of MS. A cohort of sporadic MS cases, taken from opposite extremes of the putative distribution of long-term outcome using the most stringent clinical criteria to date, was used to determine the role of APOE and PVRL2 on MS disease severity. The MS cases selected represent the prognostic best 5% (benign MS) and worst 5% (malignant MS) of cases in terms of clinical outcome assessed by the EDSS. Genotyping the two sets of MS patients (112 benign and 51 malignant) and a replication cohort from Sardinia provided no evidence to suggest that APOE or PVRL2 have any outcome modifying activity. We conclude that APOE and PVRL2 have little or no effect on the clinical outcome of MS.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ramagopalan, S V and Deluca, G C and Morrison, K M and Herrera, B M and Dyment, D A and Orton, S and Bihoreau, M T and Degenhardt, A and Pugliatti, M and Sadovnick, A D and Sotgiu, S and Ebers, G C},
 journal = {J Neuroimmunol},
 number = {1-2}
}

@article{gentilini_is_2007,
	title = {Is avoiding post-mastectomy radiotherapy justified for patients with four or more involved axillary nodes and endocrine-responsive tumours? {Lessons} from a series in a single institution},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {0923-7534},
	shorttitle = {Is avoiding post-mastectomy radiotherapy justified for patients with four or more involved axillary nodes and endocrine-responsive tumours?},
	doi = {10.1093/annonc/mdm182},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current guidelines for post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) derive largely from extrapolating information from multicentre trials. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes of patients who underwent mastectomy without radiotherapy in a single institution.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: 650 patients had total mastectomy and axillary dissection without PMRT between 1997 and 2001. Median follow-up was 65 months.
RESULTS: 5-year cumulative incidence of loco-regional recurrence (LRR) was 6.8\% (3.0, 8.1, 9.9\% in node negative, 1-3, {\textgreater} or =4 positive nodes, respectively). At the multivariate analysis, positive lymph nodes and endocrine non-responsive tumours were found to shorten LRR disease-free survival. In patients with positive hormone receptors, 5-year cumulative incidence of LRR disease-free survival were 2.3\%, 7.6\% and 7.6\% for node negative, 1-3 and {\textgreater} or =4 positive lymph nodes, respectively. The same figures were 5.9\%, 10.3\% and 20.0\% in patients with endocrine non-responsive tumours.
CONCLUSIONS: patients with endocrine-responsive tumours treated by mastectomy and complete (level III) axillary dissection have a low risk of LRR even if four or more positive lymph nodes are involved, thus giving rise to doubts on the use of PMRT in this subset of patients. On the other hand, PMRT might play a role for patients with negative hormone receptors and four or more positive nodes.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Annals of oncology: official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO},
	author = {Gentilini, O and Botteri, E and Rotmensz, N and Intra, M and Gatti, G and Silva, L and Peradze, N and Sahium, R C and Gil, L B and Luini, A and Veronesi, P and Galimberti, V and Gandini, S and Goldhirsh, A and Veronesi, U},
	month = aug,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17693648},
	keywords = {Adult, Axilla, Breast Neoplasms, Combined Modality Therapy, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Lymphatic Metastasis, Lymph Node Excision, mastectomy, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {1342--1347},
	file = {Ann Oncol-2007-Gentilini-1342-7.pdf:files/46589/Ann Oncol-2007-Gentilini-1342-7.pdf:application/pdf}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {73730010-1674-38ad-8259-0a001e478b75},
 title = {Pre-eclampsia and nasal CPAP: part 2. Hypertension during pregnancy, chronic snoring, and early nasal CPAP intervention.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Blood Pressure,Female,Humans,Polysomnography,Positive-Pressure Respiration,Positive-Pressure Respiration: methods,Pre-Eclampsia,Pre-Eclampsia: prevention & control,Pregnancy,Pregnancy Complications,Pregnancy Complications: prevention & control,Pregnancy Outcome,Prenatal Care,Prenatal Care: methods,Severity of Illness Index,Snoring,Snoring: prevention & control,Treatment Outcome,Women's Health},
 created = {2011-08-10T17:12:30.000Z},
 pages = {15-21},
 volume = {9},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17644475},
 month = {12},
 accessed = {2011-08-10},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {6d353feb-efe4-367e-84a2-0815eb9ca878},
 group_id = {33f3e9ff-c95c-3e78-a54c-546e54c036da},
 last_modified = {2013-07-09T23:57:26.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Poyares2007},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"65e3611f-d83d-4974-9542-3b3d33648568"},
 abstract = {To evaluate the potential benefit of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) administration in pregnant women recognized to have hypertension early in pregnancy.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Poyares, Dalva and Guilleminault, Christian and Hachul, Helena and Fujita, Luciane and Takaoka, Shanon and Tufik, Sergio and Sass, Nelson},
 journal = {Sleep medicine},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Prefrontal regions orchestrate suppression of emotional memories via a two-phase process.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2007},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Amygdala,Amygdala: physiology,Brain Mapping,Cognition,Cues,Emotions,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Hippocampus,Hippocampus: physiology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory,Mental Recall,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Pulvinar,Pulvinar: physiology,Repression, Psychology,Thinking,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology},
 id = {e6052fbc-1b5a-343a-9182-d149433f5b27},
 created = {2016-01-05T19:45:07.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {50a856f4-e41b-3395-a32c-35f3a97eb9f9},
 group_id = {41f9b5d2-912d-3281-b756-e2d6e7ccfec5},
 last_modified = {2016-01-05T19:45:07.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Whether memories can be suppressed has been a controversial issue in psychology and cognitive neuroscience for decades. We found evidence that emotional memories are suppressed via two time-differentiated neural mechanisms: (i) an initial suppression by the right inferior frontal gyrus over regions supporting sensory components of the memory representation (visual cortex, thalamus), followed by (ii) right medial frontal gyrus control over regions supporting multimodal and emotional components of the memory representation (hippocampus, amygdala), both of which are influenced by fronto-polar regions. These results indicate that memory suppression does occur and, at least in nonpsychiatric populations, is under the control of prefrontal regions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Depue, Brendan E and Curran, Tim and Banich, Marie T},
 journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}
}

@article{ juthberg_perceptions_2007,
  title = {Perceptions of conscience in relation to stress of conscience},
  volume = {14},
  issn = {0969-7330},
  doi = {10.1177/0969733007075868},
  abstract = {Every day situations arising in health care contain ethical issues influencing care providers' conscience. How and to what extent conscience is influenced may differ according to how conscience is perceived. This study aimed to explore the relationship between perceptions of conscience and stress of conscience among care providers working in municipal housing for elderly people. A total of 166 care providers were approached, of which 146 (50 registered nurses and 96 nurses' aides/enrolled nurses) completed a questionnaire containing the Perceptions of Conscience Questionnaire and the Stress of Conscience Questionnaire. A multivariate canonical correlation analysis was conducted. The first two functions emerging from the analysis themselves explained a noteworthy amount of the shared variance (25.6% and 17.8%). These two dimensions of the relationship were interpreted either as having to deaden one's conscience relating to external demands in order to be able to collaborate with coworkers, or as having to deaden one's conscience relating to internal demands in order to uphold one's identity as a 'good' health care professional.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Nursing ethics},
  author = {Juthberg, Christina and Eriksson, Sture and Norberg, Astrid and Sundin, Karin},
  month = {May},
  year = {2007},
  pmid = {17459817},
  keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Attitude of Health Personnel, Burnout, Professional, Conflict (Psychology), Conscience, Female, Guilt, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Housing for the Elderly, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate analysis, Nurses' Aides, Nurse's Role, Nursing Homes, Nursing Methodology Research, Nursing, Practical, Nursing Staff, Questionnaires, Self Concept, Sweden},
  pages = {329--343}
}

@article{fox_prevalence_2006,
	title = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database: {A} series of retrospective analyses of data from 1998 through 2002},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0149-2918},
	shorttitle = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.03.005},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the mid-1990s, the development of new oral antidiabetic agents (OAs) and treatment guidelines have created an opportunity to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of good and inadequate glycemic control across a 5-year period among patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom. It also investigated the factors associated with achieving glycemic targets.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of data from the General Practice Research Database. Three limits were used to assess glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): 6.5\%, 7.0\%, or 7.5\%. Values above the cutoffs indicated inadequate control of HbA1c; those at or below the cutoffs indicated good control. The study evaluated clinical and pharmacy data from the years 1998 to 2002 for patients with type 2 diabetes, {\textgreater} or =2 years of follow-up, and {\textgreater} or =2 HbA1c measurements during the first year. Five independent cross-sectional analyses were conducted, grouping data by year. Statistical significance was determined by Student t and chi2 tests.
RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 10,663 patients aged 17 to 98 years. The number of total eligible type 2 diabetes patients increased over the course of the study period: 5674 patients in 1998, 6553 in 1999, 7314 in 2000, 7323 in 2001, and 6192 in 2002. Overall, the study population had a mean (SD) age of 66 (11.0) years, was 53\% male (3033/5674), and had a body mass index of 29 kg/m(2). Seventy-six percent of patients had HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\% and 37\% were taking {\textgreater} or =2 oral agents. In 1998 and 2002, 79\% (4482/5674) and 76\% (4732/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate glycemic control, defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\%. When defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.5\%, 69\% (3923/5674) and 62\% (3814/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate control. Finally, when defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}6.5\%, 88\% (5011/5674) of patients in both 1998 and 2002 had inadequate control. Compared with patients with good disease control (HbA1c {\textless} or =7.0\%), patients with inadequate control were approximately 2 years younger (P {\textless} 0.001) and had been prescribed more OAs: 41\% received {\textgreater} or =2 OAs in 1998 and 52\% in 2002, compared with 23\% and 34\% (both, P = 0.001), respectively, of patients with good glycemic control (P {\textless} 0.02). Sex, number of diabetes complications, and number of comorbidities did not differ between groups (P = NS).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the introduction of new OAs and treatment guidelines, the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control remains high ({\textgreater}60\%) in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom. Regardless of the HbA1c cutoff, patients with inadequate control were younger and received prescriptions for more OAs than patients with good control.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Therapeutics},
	author = {Fox, Kathleen M. and Gerber Pharmd, Robert A. and Bolinder, Bjorn and Chen, Jack and Kumar, Sanjaya},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16750453},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, databases as topic},
	pages = {388--395}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{
 id = {d14cb890-55c2-3ae7-867b-c26ce0888855},
 title = {Deadspace: invasive or not?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Breath Tests,Breath Tests: methods,Capnography,Carbon Dioxide,Carbon Dioxide: analysis,Humans,Respiratory Dead Space,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult,Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult: physiopathol},
 created = {2009-07-23T22:42:16.000Z},
 pages = {4-7},
 volume = {96},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357115},
 month = {1},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
 group_id = {f87494e7-529d-3e68-b1f1-0e6d57d138db},
 last_modified = {2014-07-19T19:15:28.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {true},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Drummond2006},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"3003a2ac-bf9a-4502-9b9f-c80e15e72d57"},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Drummond, G B and Fletcher, R},
 journal = {British journal of anaesthesia},
 number = {1}
}

@article{westhoff_tacrolimus_2006,
	title = {Tacrolimus in steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.},
	volume = {65},
	issn = {0301-0430 0301-0430},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Steroid resistance and steroid dependence constitute a major problem  in the treatment of minimal-change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine are well-established alternative immunomodulating agents, whereas data on FK 506 (tacrolimus) are rare. METHODS: The present work provides data from 10 patients of an open, monocentric, non-randomized, prospective trial. Five patients with steroid-dependent minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, 1 patient with steroid-refractory minimal-change disease and 4 patients with steroid-refractory FSGS were started on tacrolimus at trough levels of 5 10 microg/l. In case of steroid-dependence, prednisolone was tapered off in presence oftacrolimus within one month. RESULTS:  Within 6 months, complete remission was achieved in 5 patients (50\%) and partial  remission in 4 patients (40\%), yielding a final response rate of 90\%. One patient was primarily resistent to tacrolimus (steroid-refractory minimal-change), another patient became secondarily resistant to tacrolimus after an initial remission (steroid-refractory FSGS). Average proteinuria significantly decreased  by 77\% from 9.5 +/- 1.4 - 2.2 +/- 1.1 g/day (p {\textless} 0.01). Serum protein significantly raised from 55.0 +/- 1.9 - 64.6 +/- 1.9 g/l (p {\textless} 0.01). Tacrolimus  induced non-significant increases of blood glucose (4.9 +/- 0.1 - 5.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/l), systolic blood pressure (131.4 +/- 7.1 - 139.0 +/- 7.6 mmHg) and creatinine (93.2 +/- 13.9 103.2 +/- 15.3 mmol/l). Five patients have been tapered off tacrolimus so far, nephrotic syndrome relapsed in 4 of them (80\%). Relapse occurred at tacrolimus levels between 2.6 and 6.9 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that tacrolimus may be a promising alternative to cyclosporine both in steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Clinical nephrology},
	author = {Westhoff, T. H. and Schmidt, S. and Zidek, W. and Beige, J. and van der Giet, M.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16792133},
	keywords = {Adult, Blood Glucose/analysis, Blood Pressure/drug effects, Blood Proteins/analysis, Creatinine/urine, Drug Resistance, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/drug therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy, Nephrotic Syndrome/*drug therapy, Prednisolone/therapeutic use, Proteinuria/drug therapy, Steroids/pharmacology/*therapeutic use, Tacrolimus/*therapeutic use},
	pages = {393--400}
}

@article{werbrouck_no_2006,
	title = {No difference in cycle pregnancy rate and in cumulative live-birth rate between women with surgically treated minimal to mild endometriosis and women with unexplained infertility after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination},
	volume = {86},
	issn = {1556-5653},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.01.044},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The association between infertility and minimal to mild endometriosis is controversial and poorly understood. The clinical pregnancy rate (PR) per cycle after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with or without intrauterine insemination (IUI) is reportedly lower in women with surgically untreated minimal to mild endometriosis than in women with unexplained infertility. It is possible that prior laparoscopic removal of endometriosis has a positive effect on the clinical PR after COH and IUI. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that after COH and IUI the PR per cycle and the cumulative live-birth rate (CLBR) are equal or higher in women with recently surgically treated minimal to mild endometriosis when compared with women with unexplained infertility.
DESIGN: A retrospective, controlled cohort study.
SETTING: Leuven University Fertility Centre, a tertiary academic referral center.
PATIENT(S): One hundred seven women treated during 259 cycles with COH and IUI including patients with endometriosis (n = 58, 137 cycles) and unexplained infertility (n = 49, 122 cycles). All patients with endometriosis had minimal (n = 41, 100 cycles) or mild (n = 17, 37 cycles) disease that had been laparoscopically removed within 7 months before the onset of treatment with COH and IUI.
INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using clomiphene citrate (23 cycles) or gonadotrophins (236 cycles) in combination with IUI.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical PR per cycle and CLBR within four cycles of treatment with COH and IUI.
RESULT(S): The clinical PR per cycle was comparable in women with minimal or mild endometriosis (21\% or 18.9\%, respectively) and in women with unexplained infertility (20.5\%). The CLBR within four cycles of COH and IUI was also comparable in women with minimal endometriosis, mild endometriosis, and unexplained infertility (70.2\%, 68.2 \%, 66.5\%, respectively).
CONCLUSION(S): The data from our study suggest that COH and IUI shortly after laparoscopic excision of endometriosis is as effective as COH and IUI in patients with unexplained subfertility.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Fertility and Sterility},
	author = {Werbrouck, Erika and Spiessens, Carl and Meuleman, Christel and D'Hooghe, Thomas},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16952506},
	keywords = {Adult, Comorbidity, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Infertility, Insemination, Artificial, Laparoscopy, Live Birth, Menstrual Cycle, Ovulation Induction, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Rate, Prevalence, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {566--571}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Child passenger safety for inner-city Latinos: new approaches from the community.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attitudes,Automobiles,Child,Community Health Services,Community Health Services: organization & administ,Female,Health Education,Health Education: methods,Health Knowledge,Hispanic Americans,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Infant Equipment: utilization,Male,Middle Aged,Newborn,Parents,Practice,Preschool,Program Evaluation,United States,Urban Health Services,Urban Health Services: organization & administrati,Wounds and Injuries,Wounds and Injuries: ethnology,Wounds and Injuries: prevention & control},
 pages = {99-104},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2577363&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 id = {87fdea4a-6f0c-3a6b-86a9-61cad4b0a1b7},
 created = {2016-09-13T00:48:25.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-09-05},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
 group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
 last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:52.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Motor vehicle crashes injuries, the leading cause of death for Latino children in the United States, can be reduced by the correct use of child safety seats. This study evaluated the ability of a community health worker education program to improve proper child safety seat usage in urban low income Latino families.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Martin, M. and Holden, J. and Chen, Z. and Quinlan, K.},
 journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention},
 number = {2}
}

@Article{Weber_2005_1074,
  author = {Weber, C. and Begemann, P. and Wedegartner, U. and Meinertz, T. and Adam, G.},
 journal = {Rofo},
 note = {1438-9029 (Print) Comparative Study English Abstract Journal Article},
 number = {1},
 pages = {50--9},
 title = {Calcium scoring and coronary angiography performed with multislice spiral CT - clinical experience},
 volume = {177},
 year = {2005},
 keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80, and, over, Calcinosis/diagnosis/*radiography, Chi-Square, Distribution, *Coronary, Angiography, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis/radiography, Coronary, Disease/diagnosis/*radiography, Coronary, Stenosis/diagnosis/radiography, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle, Aged, Prospective, Studies, Risk, Factors, Software, Tomography, Spiral, Computed/*methods},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Calcium scoring and coronary angiography performed with multislice spiral CT  clinical experience}
}

@article{kaye_antibiotics_2005,
	title = {Antibiotics and the risk of breast cancer},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1044-3983},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Two recent studies found a positive association between antibiotic use and the risk of breast cancer.
METHODS: Using information from the U.K. General Practice Research Database, we identified 1268 cases of incident breast cancer (40- to 79-year-old women diagnosed in 1987 to 2002 who had at least 6 years of history recorded in the General Practice Research Database) and 6291 female controls matched to the cases on age, general practice, and duration of history recorded in the General Practice Research Database. We ascertained antibiotic prescriptions (penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, metronidazole, and nitrofurantoin) recorded up to 1 year before the index date.
RESULTS: Odds ratios (95\% confidence intervals) of breast cancer for 0, 1-50, 51-100, 101-500, and 501 or more cumulative days of antibiotic use were 1.0 (reference), 1.0 (0.9-1.2), 0.9 (0.7-1.2), 0.9 (0.7-1.3), and 1.2 (0.6-2.4).
CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support the hypothesis that antibiotic use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)},
	author = {Kaye, James A. and Jick, Hershel},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {16135947},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Risk, incidence},
	pages = {688--690}
}

@article{smith_hiv_2005-1,
	title = {{HIV} drug resistance acquired through superinfection},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {0269-9370},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: HIV interclade B superinfection has previously been described in individuals initially infected with drug resistant virus who then become superinfected by a drug susceptible strain. We report an individual initially infected with a drug-sensitive clade B strain of HIV who was superinfected with another clade B strain resistant to two classes of antiretroviral drugs.
METHODS AND DESIGN: To differentiate superinfection from possible co-infection we applied three independent molecular techniques: dye-primer sequencing of a pol fragment, length polymorphism analysis of the V4-5 coding region of the env gene and clonal sequencing of the V3 coding region of the env gene. To assess viral fitness we performed replication capacity assays of the pol gene.
RESULTS: These investigations supported the conclusion that this was a case of superinfection and not co-infection. Coincident with acquiring the new strain, the individual's viral load increased by about 10,000 copies/ml with a decrease of 150 x CD4 T cells/mul over the next 6 months. The greater in vivo fitness of the second virus was not supported by the replication capacity assay. Furthermore, superinfection negatively impacted this individual's treatment course. It was not known that he had acquired a drug resistant strain before entering a treatment study, and he had an incomplete response to therapy most likely because the superinfecting viral strain had a decreased susceptibility to two of the prescribed medications.
CONCLUSION: HIV drug resistance acquired through superinfection significantly lowers the likelihood of successful antiretroviral therapy and undermines the clinical value of a patient's prior drug resistance testing and lack of prior antiretroviral use.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {AIDS (London, England)},
	author = {Smith, Davey M. and Wong, Joseph K. and Hightower, George K. and Ignacio, Caroline C. and Koelsch, Kersten K. and Petropoulos, Christos J. and Richman, Douglas D. and Little, Susan J.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {16052079},
	keywords = {Adult, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, RNA, Viral, Superinfection},
	pages = {1251--1256},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The preparation of reach-to-grasp movements in adults, children, and children with movement problems.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {1249-1263},
 volume = {58},
 id = {6655dc6a-a75f-3c4b-9034-d2a3d072dd0b},
 created = {2016-01-12T14:18:51.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {d5b53108-91c5-30b8-8e6c-dd027f636bcd},
 last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {This study explored the use of advance information in the control of reach-to-grasp movements. The paradigm required participants to reach and grasp illuminated blocks with their right hand. Four target blocks were positioned on a table surface, two each side of the mid-saggital plane. In the complete precue condition, advance information precisely specified target location. In the partial precue condition, advance information indicated target location relative to the midsaggital plane (left or right). In the null condition, the advance information was entirely ambiguous. Participants produced fastest responses in the complete precue condition, intermediate response times in the partial condition, and the slowest responses in the null condition. This result was observed in adults and four groups of children including a group aged 4-6 years. In contrast, children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD, n=11, aged 7--13 years) showed no advantage of partial precueing. Movement duration was determined by target location but was unaffected by precue condition. Movement duration was a clear function of age apart from children in the DCD group who showed equivalent movement times to those of the youngest children. These findings provide important insights into the control of reach-to-grasp movements and highlight that partial cues are exploited by children as young as 4 years but are not used in situations of abnormal development.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mon-Williams, M and Tresilian, J R and Bell, V E and Coppard, V L and Nixdorf, M and Carson, R G},
 journal = {The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology},
 number = {October 2014}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{bikkina_floating_2005,
	title = {The “{Floating}” {Meniscus}: {MRI} in {Knee} {Trauma} and {Implications} for {Surgery}},
	volume = {184},
	issn = {0361-803X, 1546-3141},
	shorttitle = {The “{Floating}” {Meniscus}},
	url = {http://www.ajronline.org/content/184/1/200},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2013-02-20TZ},
	journal = {American Journal of Roentgenology},
	author = {Bikkina, Ravi S. and Tujo, Charles A. and Schraner, Albert B. and Major, Nancy M.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2005},
	note = {00000},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Menisci, Tibial, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, knee injuries},
	pages = {200--204}
}

@article{hemmings_early-_2004,
	title = {Early- versus late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: investigating genetic and clinical correlates},
	volume = {128},
	issn = {0165-1781},
	shorttitle = {Early- versus late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder},
	doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2004.05.007},
	abstract = {There is increasing evidence that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is mediated by genetic factors. Although the precise mechanism of inheritance is unclear, recent evidence has pointed towards the involvement of the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in the disorder's development. Furthermore, early-onset OCD appears to be a subtype that exhibits distinct clinical features and that is associated with greater familial loading. In the present investigation, South African OCD patients (n=252) were stratified according to age of onset and were clinically assessed. Additionally, selected variants in genes encoding serotonergic and dopaminergic components were investigated in a Caucasian OCD subset (n=180). This subgroup was further stratified to evaluate the role that these candidate genes may play in the genetically homogeneous Afrikaner subset (n=80). Analysis of the clinical data revealed an association between early age of onset and an increased frequency of tics, Tourette's disorder, and trichotillomania (TTM). The genetic studies yielded statistically significant results when the allelic distributions of genetic variants in the dopamine receptor type 4 gene (DRD4) were analysed in the Caucasian OCD cohort. These data support a role for the dopaminergic system, which may be relevant to the development of early-onset OCD.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Psychiatry Research},
	author = {Hemmings, Sîan M. J. and Kinnear, Craig J. and Lochner, Christine and Niehaus, Dana J. H. and Knowles, James A. and Moolman-Smook, Johanna C. and Corfield, Valerie A. and Stein, Dan J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15488960},
	note = {00110 },
	keywords = {Adult, Age of Onset, Alleles, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Gene Frequency, Genetic Load, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Genotype, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Phenotype, Receptors, Dopamine, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Receptors, Serotonin, South Africa, Tics, Tourette Syndrome, Trichotillomania},
	pages = {175--182},
}

@article{morant_application_2004,
	title = {Application of a propensity score to adjust for channelling bias with {NSAIDs}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1053-8569},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.946},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare the relative risks of upper GI haemorrhage (UGIH) in users of Newer versus Older, non-specific NSAIDs when adjusted for channelling bias by regression on individual covariates, a propensity score and both.
METHODS: Cohort study of patients prescribed NSAIDs between June 1987 and January 2000. Exposure to Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs was identified, and risk factors evaluated for each patient. Results of multiple covariate analyses and the propensity scoring technique to assess potential channelling bias in comparisons between Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs were compared.
RESULTS: This study included 7.1 thousand patient years (tpy) exposure to meloxicam, 1.6 tpy exposure to coxibs, and 628 tpy exposure to Older non-specific NSAIDs. Patients receiving Newer NSAIDs were older, more likely to have a history of GI symptoms, and at higher risk for GI complications. Adjusting for these risk factors reduced the relative risks of UGIH on meloxicam and coxibs versus Older non-specific NSAIDs to 0.84 (95\%CI 0.60, 1.17) and 0.36 (0.14, 0.97) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Channelling towards high GI risk patients occurred in the prescribing of Newer NSAIDs. Propensity scores highlighted the markedly different risk profiles of users of Newer and Older non-specific NSAID. Correcting for channelling bias, coxib exposure, but not meloxicam exposure, was associated with less UGIH than Older non-specific NSAID exposure. In the present study, corrections made by regression on a propensity score and on individual covariates were similar.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Morant, S. V. and Pettitt, D. and MacDonald, T. M. and Burke, T. A. and Goldstein, J. L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15170763},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cohort Studies, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Utilization Review, Family Practice, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Thiazines, Thiazoles, pharmacoepidemiology},
	pages = {345--353}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {A family with spinal anaplastic ependymoma: evidence of loss of chromosome 22q in tumor.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: genetics,Female,Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2,Germ-Line Mutation,Humans,Loss of Heterozygosity,Male,Microsatellite Repeats,Pedigree,Spinal Neoplasms,Spinal Neoplasms: genetics},
 pages = {598-602},
 volume = {48},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14566482},
 month = {1},
 id = {27bbabe4-815b-349a-bf02-494ff0fc34a0},
 created = {2014-08-02T22:29:07.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-08-02},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {be299c88-7105-3a8d-a1cd-3aa95c25e2c4},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T21:45:19.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Familial ependymal tumors are a very rare disease, the pathogenesis of which is unknown. Previous studies indicate an involvement of tumor suppressor genes localized within chromosomal region 22q, whereas details are still unclear. Here we report a non-neurofibromatosis type-2 (non-NF2) Japanese family in which two of the four members are affected with cervical spinal cord ependymoma, and one of the four is affected with schwannoma. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) studies were carried out searching for common allelic loss at chromosomal region 22q11.2-qtel in two of the affected patients. Our findings support a prediction for existence of a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 22 especially related to the tumorigenesis of familial ependymal tumors.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yokota, Takashi and Tachizawa, Takayuki and Fukino, Koichi and Teramoto, Akira and Kouno, Jun and Matsumoto, Koshi and Emi, Mitsuru},
 journal = {Journal of human genetics},
 number = {11}
}

@article{peyriere_adverse_2003,
	title = {Adverse drug events associated with hospital admission},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {1060-0280},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To increase the knowledge base on the frequency, causality, and avoidability of adverse drug events (ADEs) as a cause for admission in internal medicine or when occurring during hospitalization.
METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 6 periods of 8 days each. Epidemiologic data (e.g., age, gender, medical history), drug utilization, and adverse drug reactions on patients hospitalized during these periods were collected by a pharmacy student.
RESULTS: A total of 156 patients (70 men and 86 women) were included in the study. The patients' mean age +/- SD was 66.5 +/- 18.1 years and mean length of stay was 13.2 +/- 9 days. Renal and hepatic insufficiency and previous history of drug intolerance were observed in 17.9\%, 10.2\%, and 2\% of the hospitalized patients, respectively. Thirty-eight ADEs occurred in 32 patients; in 15 cases, ADEs were identified as the reason for admission, 10 cases occurred during hospitalization, and 13 cases were present at admission, but were not the cause of admission. The most frequent ADEs involved the neurologic (23.6\%), renal (15.7\%), and hematologic (13.1\%) systems. Among these 38 ADEs, 22 were considered avoidable (57.9\%); 20 of these were associated with therapeutic errors (inappropriate administration, drug-drug interactions, dosage error, drug not stopped despite the onset of ADEs). Patients with ADEs stayed longer in the hospital and took more drugs both before and during their hospital stay (p {\textless} 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the ADEs observed in this study were avoidable. The risk/benefit ratio of administered drugs could be improved with better knowledge of the patients' medical history and the risk factors of ADEs.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Annals of Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Peyriere, Hélène and Cassan, Stéphanie and Floutard, Edith and Riviere, Sophie and Blayac, Jean-Pierre and Hillaire-Buys, Dominique and Le Quellec, Alain and Hansel, Sylvie},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12503925},
	keywords = {Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Hypersensitivity, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Medication Errors, Middle Aged, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {5--11}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Stereotactic radiosurgery for hemangiomas and ependymomas of the spinal cord.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: genetics,Brain Neoplasms: surgery,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Hemangioblastoma,Hemangioblastoma: genetics,Hemangioblastoma: surgery,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: surgery,Neoplasms, Multiple Primary,Neoplasms, Multiple Primary: genetics,Neoplasms, Multiple Primary: surgery,Radiosurgery,Radiosurgery: statistics & numerical data,Radiotherapy Dosage,Spinal Neoplasms,Spinal Neoplasms: genetics,Spinal Neoplasms: surgery,Treatment Outcome,von Hippel-Lindau Disease,von Hippel-Lindau Disease: surgery},
 pages = {E10},
 volume = {15},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15323467},
 month = {11},
 day = {15},
 id = {8a0132df-5ed1-34d0-b204-b1518a65a7d9},
 created = {2014-08-02T21:56:16.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {be299c88-7105-3a8d-a1cd-3aa95c25e2c4},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:52.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECT: The optimal treatment for intramedullary spinal tumors is controversial, because both resection and conventional radiation therapy are associated with potential morbidity. Stereotactic radiosurgery can theoretically deliver highly conformal, high-dose radiation to surgically untreatable lesions while simultaneously mitigating radiation exposure to large portions of the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the authors' initial experience with frameless stereotactic radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal tumors.

METHODS: Between 1998 and 2003, 10 intramedullary spinal tumors were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery at the authors' institution. Seven hemangioblastomas and three ependymomas were treated in four men and three women. These patients either had recurrent tumors, had undergone several previous surgeries, had medical contraindications to surgery, or had declined open resection. Conformal treatment planning delivered a prescribed dose of 1800 to 2500 cGy (mean 2100 cGy) to the lesions in one to three stages. No significant treatment-related complications have been recorded. The mean radiographic and clinical follow-up duration was 12 months (range 1-24 months). One ependymoma and two hemangioblastomas were smaller on follow-up neuroimaging. The remaining tumors were stable at the time of follow-up imaging.

CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal tumors is feasible and safe in selected cases and may prove to be another therapeutic option for these challenging lesions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ryu, Stephen I and Kim, Daniel H and Chang, Steven D},
 journal = {Neurosurgical focus},
 number = {5}
}

@Article{Nissen_2003_1268,
  author = {Nissen, S. E. and Tsunoda, T. and Tuzcu, E. M. and Schoenhagen, P. and Cooper, C. J. and Yasin, M. and Eaton, G. M. and Lauer, M. A. and Sheldon, W. S. and Grines, C. L. and Halpern, S. and Crowe, T. and Blankenship, J. C. and Kerensky, R.},
 journal = {Jama},
 note = {Clinical Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States the journal of the American Medical Association},
 number = {17},
 pages = {2292-300},
 title = {Effect of recombinant apoa-i milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: {A} randomized controlled trial},
 volume = {290},
 year = {2003},
 keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80, and, over, Angina, Unstable/*drug, therapy, Apolipoprotein, A-I/administration, &, dosage/*therapeutic, use, Coronary, Angiography, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis/*drug, therapy/physiopathology/ultrasonography, Double-Blind, Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle, Aged, Myocardial, Infarction/*drug, therapy, Phosphatidylcholines/administration, &, dosage/*therapeutic, use, Prospective, Studies, Ultrasonography, Interventional},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Effect of recombinant ApoAI Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes A randomized controlled trial}
}

@article{schlienger_use_2002,
	title = {Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	abstract = {AIMS: Aspirin decreases the risk of clinical manifestations of atherothrombosis. This effect is mainly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation and potentially due to anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. To evaluate whether use of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be associated with a decreased risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we performed a population-based case-control analysis using the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD) METHODS: We identified first-time AMI-patients free of preexisting diagnosed cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. We compared use of NSAIDs prior to the index date between cases and control patients who were matched to cases on age, gender, practice and calendar time.
RESULTS: A total of 3319 cases ({\textless}or=75 years) with a diagnosis of first-time AMI between 1992 and 1997 and 13139 controls (matched to cases on age, sex, general practice attended, calendar time, years of prior history in the GPRD) were included. Overall, the relative risk estimate of AMI (adjusted for smoking, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy and aspirin) in current NSAID users was 1.17 (95\% CI 0.99, 1.37). Long-term current NSAID use ({\textgreater}or=30 prescriptions) yielded an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95\% CI 0.94, 1.55). Stratification by age ({\textless}65 years vs{\textgreater}or=65 years) and sex did not materially change the results.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that current NSAID exposure in patients free of diagnosed cardiovascular or metabolic conditions predisposing to cardiovascular diseases does not decrease the risk of AMI.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Schlienger, Raymond G. and Jick, Hershel and Meier, Christoph R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12236854},
	pmcid = {PMC1874430},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors},
	pages = {327--332}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Grounding spatial language in perception: an empirical and computational investigation.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Discrimination Learning,Female,Humans,Male,Orientation,Pattern Recognition, Visual,Psycholinguistics,Semantics,Space Perception,Verbal Learning},
 pages = {273-98},
 volume = {130},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11409104},
 month = {6},
 id = {f03a3f85-fc38-3a50-8e63-ac6586b9fb9c},
 created = {2017-09-01T15:53:20.987Z},
 accessed = {2016-01-30},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538},
 group_id = {a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926},
 last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:53:21.069Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Regier2001},
 abstract = {The present paper grounds the linguistic cdategorization of space in aspects of visual perception; specifically, the structure of projective spatial terms such as above are grounded in the process of attention and in vector-sum coding of overall direction. This is formalized in the attentional vector-sum (AVS) model. This computational model accurately predicts linguistic acceptability judgments for spatial terms, under a variety of spatial configurations. In 7 experiments, the predictions of the AVS model are tested against those of 3 competing models. The results support the AVS model and disconfirm its competitors. The authors conclude that the structure of linguistic spatial categories can be partially explained in terms of independently motivated perceptual processes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Regier, T and Carlson, L A},
 journal = {Journal of experimental psychology. General},
 number = {2}
}

@article{garcia_rodriguez_relative_2001,
	title = {Relative risk of upper gastrointestinal complications among users of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1044-3983},
	abstract = {Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with an increase in upper gastrointestinal complications. There is no agreement, however, on whether all conventional NSAIDs have a similar relative risk (RR), and epidemiologic data are limited on acetaminophen. We studied the association between these medications and the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed/perforation in a population-based cohort of 958,397 persons in the United Kingdom between 1993 and 1998. Our nested case-control analysis included 2,105 cases and 11,500 controls. RR estimates were adjusted for several factors known to be associated with upper gastrointestinal bleed/perforation. Compared with non-users, users of acetaminophen at doses less than 2 gm did not have an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal complications. The adjusted RR for acetaminophen at doses greater than 2 gm was 3.6 [95\% confidence interval (95\% CI) = 2.6-5.1]. The corresponding RRs for low/medium and high doses of NSAIDs were 2.4 (95\% CI = 1.9-3.1) and 4.9 (95\% CI = 4.1-5.8). The RR was 3.1 (95\% CI = 2.5, 3.8) for short plasma half-life, 4.5 (95\% CI = 3.5-5.9) for long half-life, and 5.4 (95\% CI = 4.0-7.1) for slow-release formulations of NSAIDs. After adjusting for daily dose, the differences in RR between individual NSAIDs tended to diminish except for apazone. Users of H2 receptor antagonists, omeprazole, and misoprostol had RRs of 1.4 (95\% CI = 1.2-1.8), 0.6 (95\% CI = 0.4-0.9), and 0.6 (95\% CI = 0.4-1.0), respectively. Among NSAID users, use of nitrates was associated with an RR of 0.6 (95\% CI = 0.4-1.0).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)},
	author = {García Rodríguez, L. A. and Hernández-Díaz, S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11505178},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Adult, Aged, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Half-Life, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Peptic Ulcer, Population Surveillance, Risk, incidence},
	pages = {570--576}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Replication studies in longevity: puzzling findings in Danish centenarians at the 3'APOB-VNTR locus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alleles,Apolipoproteins B/*genetics,Comparative Study,DNA/analysis/genetics,Demography,Denmark,Female,Gene Frequency/genetics,Genotype,Humans,Italy,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Minisatellite Repeats/*genetics,Models, Genetic,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Risk,Sex Characteristics},
 pages = {371-376},
 volume = {65},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11592926},
 id = {30365bd9-8031-3f7e-8ef2-9d02c1ab8dba},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.031Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.142Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0003-4800<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {In Danes we replicated the 3'APOB-VNTR gene/longevity association study previously carried out in Italians, by which the Small alleles (less than 35 repeats) had been identified as frailty alleles for longevity. In Danes, neither genotype nor allele frequencies differed between centenarians and 20-64-year-old subjects. However, when Danish and Italian data were compared, a significant difference (p = 0.0004) was found between the frequencies of Small alleles in youths, which disappeared in centenarians (p = 0.290). Furthermore, the demographic-genetic approach revealed in Danes a significant gene-sex interaction relevant to Long alleles (more than 37 repeats). The different findings in Denmark and Italy suggest that gene/longevity associations are population-specific, and heavily affected by the population-specific genetic and environmental history.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Varcasia, O and Garasto, S and Rizza, T and Andersen-Ranberg, K and Jeune, B and Bathum, L and Andreev, K and Tan, Q and Yashin, A I and Bonafe, M and Franceschi, C and De Benedictis, G},
 journal = {Ann Hum Genet},
 number = {Pt 4}
}

@article{van_staa_oral_2000,
	title = {Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk: relationship to daily and cumulative doses},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {1462-0324},
	shorttitle = {Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of daily and cumulative oral corticosteroid doses on the risk of fractures.
METHODS: Information was obtained from the General Practice Research Database, which contains medical records of general practitioners in England and Wales. The study included 244 235 oral corticosteroid users and 244 235 controls.
RESULTS: Patients taking higher doses (at least 7. 5 mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent) had significantly increased risks of non-vertebral fracture [relative rate (RR)=1.44, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.54], hip fracture (RR=2.21, 95\% CI 1.85-2.64) and vertebral fracture (RR=2.83, 95\% CI 2.35-2.40) relative to patients using oral corticosteroids at lower doses (less than 2.5 mg per day). Fracture risk was also elevated among people with higher cumulative exposure to oral corticosteroids over the study period, but this effect was almost wholly removed by adjustment for daily dose, age, gender and other confounding variables.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the adverse skeletal effects of oral corticosteroids manifest rapidly and are related to daily dose. The level of previous exposure to oral corticosteroids was not a strong determinant of the risk of fracture. Preventive measures against corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis should therefore be instituted as soon after the commencement of glucocorticoid therapy as possible.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)},
	author = {van Staa, T. P. and Leufkens, H. G. and Abenhaim, L. and Zhang, B. and Cooper, C.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11136882},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adult, Aged, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Registries, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1383--1389}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Multivariate frailty model with a major gene: application to genealogical data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,*Models, Genetic,Adolescent,Adult,Alleles,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Genotype,Humans,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Mathematical Computing,Multivariate Analysis,Quebec,Risk,Software,Survival Analysis},
 pages = {412-416},
 volume = {77},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11187585},
 id = {23588418-0e3c-33dd-b0e4-fed475556b34},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:21.917Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.080Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0926-9630<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Multivariate survival models are shown to be appropriate for the analysis of the genetic and the environmental nature of a human life-span. Models which involve continuously distributed individual frailty, play an important role in the genetic analysis of an individual's susceptibility to disease and death. These models, however, are not appropriate for the detection of the effects of separate genes on survival. For this purpose we developed a 'major gene' frailty model of multivariate survival and applied it to simulated and real pedigree data. The analysis shows that this model can be used for the detection of the presence of major genes in the population and for the evaluation of the effects of such genes on survival.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Begun, A and Desjardins, B and Iachine, I and Yashin, A},
 journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}
}

@article{jick_risk_2000-1,
	title = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis},
	volume = {321},
	issn = {0959-8138},
	shorttitle = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism among women taking third generation oral contraceptives (with gestodene or desogestrel) with that among women taking oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
DESIGN: Cohort and case-control analyses derived from the General Practice Research Database.
SETTING: UK general practices, January 1993 to December 1999.
PARTICIPANTS: Women aged 15-39 taking third generation oral contraceptives or oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative incidence (cohort study) and odds ratios (case-control study) as measures of the relative risk of venous thromboembolism.
RESULTS: The adjusted estimates of relative risk for venous thromboembolism associated with third generation oral contraceptives compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel was 1.9 (95\% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.8) in the cohort analysis and 2.3 (1.3 to 3.9) in the case-control study. The estimates for the two types of oral contraceptives were similar before and after the warning issued by the Committee on Safety of Medicines in October 1995. A shift away from the use of third generation oral contraceptives after the scare was more pronounced among younger women (who have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism) than among older women. Fewer cases of venous thromboembolism occurred in 1996 and later than would have been expected if the use of oral contraceptives had remained unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previously reported studies, which found that compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel, third generation oral contraceptives are associated with around twice the risk of venous thromboembolism.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7270},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Jick, H. and Kaye, J. A. and Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C. and Jick, S. S.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11073511},
	pmcid = {PMC27524},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Contraceptives, Oral, Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic, Female, Humans, Levonorgestrel, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Smoking, Thromboembolism, Time Factors},
	pages = {1190--1195}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Fecundity of daughters born after short, intermediate, or long birth intervals. An analysis of family reconstitutions from The Netherlands, late 19th-early 20th century.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {19th Century,20th Century,Adult,Birth Intervals,Cohort Studies,Confounding Factors (Epidemiology),Female,Female: epidemiology,Female: history,Fertility,Fetal Death,Fetal Death: epidemiology,Fetal Death: history,History,Humans,Infertility,Logistic Models,Multivariate Analysis,Netherlands,Netherlands: epidemiology,Nuclear Family,Population Surveillance,Registries,Urban Health,Urban Health: history},
 pages = {18-33},
 volume = {47},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11521454},
 id = {5a8d3e77-57bb-30e6-9bb2-345c6d6de0f6},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:39:44.310Z},
 accessed = {2013-05-22},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:39:44.415Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {In an historical cohort study, we compared the reproductive performances of women born after short (< 14 completed months), intermediate (21-32 completed months), and long (> 39 completed months) birth intervals. Of the initial study base, comprising family reconstitutions of 1,425 women born between 1873 and 1902 in or around Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and married before age 45, a large portion (data of 1,001 women born between 1888 and 1902) was uninformative because of (unintended) selection on birth control behavior. Among the remaining 424 women, those born after very short birth intervals (less than 1 year) showed higher likelihood of childlessness and stillbirth in the offspring than those born after intermediate intervals (adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95%-confidence intervals: 7.7 [1.8-33.0] and 3.3 [1.3-8.3], respectively). The latter association, however, nearly disappeared after restriction to women whose preceding sibling lived at least 1 year. Women born after modestly short intervals (12-13 months) exhibited longer interpregnancy intervals. So did women born after long birth intervals, but this might well be attributable to intergenerational transmission of reproductive behavior. These results indicate that fecundability is reduced in women born after short birth intervals.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Smits, L J and Jongbloet, P H and Zielhuis, G A},
 journal = {Social biology},
 number = {1-2}
}

@Article{Ignatescu_1999_1604,
  author = {Ignatescu, M. C. and Gharehbaghi-Schnell, E. and Hassan, A. and Rezaie-Majd, S. and Korschineck, I. and Schleef, R. R. and Glogar, H. D. and Lang, I. M.},
 journal = {Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol.},
 note = {DA - 19991029 NOT IN FILE},
 number = {10},
 pages = {2340-2347},
 title = {Expression of the angiogenic protein, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, in coronary atherosclerotic plaques: {I}n vivo correlation of lesional microvessel density and constrictive vascular remodeling},
 volume = {19},
 year = {1999},
 keywords = {Adult, Aged, analysis, Antibodies, Capillaries, chemistry, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis, Coronary, Vessels, Endothelium, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Gene, Expression, genetics, Humans, Image, Processing, Computer-Assisted, Immunohistochemistry, immunology, In, Situ, Hybridization, Macrophages, Male, Middle, Aged, Neovascularization, Physiologic, pathology, physiology, physiopathology, Research, Support, Non-U.S.Gov't, Reverse, Transcriptase, Polymerase, Chain, Reaction, RNA, Messenger, Thymidine, Phosphorylase, Tunica, Intima, Tunica, Media, ultrasonography},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Expression of the angiogenic protein plateletderived endothelial cell growth factor in coronary atherosclerotic plaques In vivo correlation of lesional microvessel density and constrictive vascular remodeling}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_are_1998,
	title = {Are spouses of patients with hypertension at increased risk of having hypertension? {A} population-based case-control study},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0960-1643},
	shorttitle = {Are spouses of patients with hypertension at increased risk of having hypertension?},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies of couples, who tend to share an environment but are genetically dissimilar, can shed light on the contribution of environmental factors to hypertension. There has been renewed interest in these environmental factors following the re-analysis of the INTERSALT study.
AIM: To determine whether patients whose spouses have hypertension are at increased risk of hypertension, using a population-based case-control study.
METHOD: The total study population consisted of all 3923 patients over 30 years old registered with one general practice. Male cases with hypertension were matched to male controls without hypertension. Female cases with hypertension were matched to female controls without hypertension. The variables were: diagnosed hypertension; having a spouse with diagnosed hypertension; age; sex; weight; height; body-mass index; couple status; diabetes; and systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.
RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, when age, body-mass index, diabetes, couple status, and having a blood pressure reading were included, men whose spouses had hypertension had a two-fold increased risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.24; 95\% CI 1.77-2.72; P = 0.001). Similarly, on multivariate analysis, women whose spouses had hypertension had a two-fold increased risk of hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.23; 95\% CI 1.75-2.72; P = 0.001). The risk for both male and female subjects persisted after adjustment for other variables. There was a significant correlation between systolic (r = 0.41; P {\textless} 0.0001) and diastolic (r = 0.25; P {\textless} 0.0001) blood pressures between spouse pairs.
CONCLUSION: The independent association between having a spouse with hypertension and increased risk of hypertension supports the view that there are significant environmental factors in the aetiology of hypertension. The finding has implications for the screening and treatment of hypertension in primary care.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {434},
	journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, J. and Pringle, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9830183},
	pmcid = {PMC1313221},
	keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, England, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Rural Health, Spouses},
	pages = {1580--1583}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Death,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Denmark,Disease Susceptibility,Environment,Epidemiology, Molecular,Female,Finland,Forecasting,Health,Humans,Life Tables,Likelihood Functions,Longevity/genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Genetic,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Sex Factors,Survival Analysis,Sweden,Twins/*genetics},
 pages = {196-205},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10100811},
 id = {161c25f0-f407-3983-ac34-656acbfb7169},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:57.913Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:58.237Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1369-0523<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Molecular epidemiological studies confirm a substantial contribution of individual genes to variability in susceptibility to disease and death for humans. To evaluate the contribution of all genes to susceptibility and to estimate individual survival characteristics, survival data on related individuals (eg twins or other relatives) are needed. Correlated gamma-frailty models of bivariate survival are used in a joint analysis of survival data on more than 31,000 pairs of Danish, Swedish and Finnish male and female twins using the maximum likelihood method. Additive decomposition of frailty into genetic and environmental components is used to estimate heritability in frailty. The estimate of the standard deviation of frailty from the pooled data is about 1.5. The hypothesis that variance in frailty and correlations of frailty for twins are similar in the data from all three countries is accepted. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability in frailty is about 0.5. The age trajectories of individual hazards are evaluated for all three populations of twins and both sexes. The results of our analysis confirm the presence of genetic influences on individual frailty and longevity. They also suggest that the mechanism of these genetic influences may be similar for the three Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, results indicate that the increase in individual hazard with age is more rapid than predicted by traditional demographic life tables.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Iachine, I A and Holm, N V and Harris, J R and Begun, A Z and Iachina, M K and Laitinen, M and Kaprio, J and Yashin, A I},
 journal = {Twin Res},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {The twinning rates and epidemiological characteristics of births in southeast Uttar Pradesh, India},
 type = {article},
 year = {1997},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Birth Rate,Female,Human,India/epidemiology,Maternal Age,Parity,Pregnancy,Pregnancy Complications/*epidemiology,Pregnancy, Multiple/*statistics & numerical data,Seasons,Twins, Dizygotic,Twins, Monozygotic,Twins/*statistics & numerical data},
 pages = {47-56},
 volume = {46},
 id = {529933bb-e6ef-3768-86f0-68daccc174e2},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:38.550Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:38.682Z},
 tags = {03/11/06},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Birth statistics over a period of 5 years were analyzed to study epidemiological characteristics of twinning in Southeast Uttar Pradesh, India. The data revealed higher incidence of breech twins (11.84% of all cotwins) as compared to breech single births (2.18%). But the perinatal mortality and caesarean section rates were similar in both twin and singleton pregnancies. The cumulative twinning rate over the studied period was 11.70 per 1000 live births. The MZ and DZ twinning rates were estimated respectively as 3.67 and 8.03 per mill. The mean maternal age of sampled mothers was 26.42 years with one standard deviation of 5.30 years. The twinning rate for mothers over 35 years of age was about four times higher than that in mothers younger than 20 years. Incidentally, the twinning rate was the highest at parity four and a non-linear curve could more appropriately be fitted to the series of data. Seasonal variations were observed for both twin and singleton births. The highest frequency of births was observed from August through October. But seasonal index for twinning rate showed a clear bimodal distribution with peaks in April (223) and September (167).},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sharma, K},
 journal = {Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)},
 number = {1}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Asthma on Tristan da Cunha: looking for the genetic link. The University of Toronto Genetics of Asthma Research Group},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Allergens/diagnostic use,Asthma/epidemiology/*genetics,Atlantic Ocean,Bronchoconstrictor Agents/diagnostic use,Child,Child, Preschool,Consanguinity,Female,Forced Expiratory Volume,Founder Effect,Humans,Linkage (Genetics),Male,Methacholine Chloride/diagnostic use,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sex Distribution,Skin Tests},
 pages = {1902-1906},
 volume = {153},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8665053},
 id = {ba377ad3-36ac-3937-b8d3-44f6b08c99e3},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.103Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.287Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1073-449x<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Although asthma has a significant heritable component, the mode of inheritance remains controversial because of the complexity of the disease and the influence of environmental factors. Isolated, inbred populations serve to reduce variability, thus increasing the probability of gene localization. We studied the inbred population of the remote island of Tristan da Cunha to document asthma prevalence for the purpose of genetic linkage analysis. Medical histories and skin atopy were determined on 282 islanders, representing 97% of the population, and airway responsiveness was measured in 254; 226 by methacholine challenge (tidal breathing method) and 28 by bronchodilator response (400 micrograms salbutamol aerosol). Blood samples were collected from 275 islanders. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 94 yr. Asthma was defined as increased airway responsiveness (AR+: PC20 < 4 mg/ml or > or = 15% increase in FEV1 postbronchodilator) combined with a positive history (Hx+). Fifty-seven percent of the islanders had at least partial evidence of asthma (Hx+ and/or AR+) and 23% had a definitive diagnosis of asthma (AR+ with Hx+). Overall 47% of the population were atopic, atopy was proportionally higher in asthmatics (74%) than nonasthmatics (32%; p < 0.01). Analysis of the methacholine dose-response curves demonstrated that asthmatics were significantly (p < 0.01) more responsive than those with AR+ only, and nonasthmatics (AR-, Hx-) were more responsive than laboratory control subjects (p < 0.05), suggesting that these islanders may also carry an airway hyperresponsiveness gene. A frequency plot of the percent fall in FEV1 for all Hx- subjects compared with control data suggests a bimodal distribution consistent with a major gene mechanism for airway responsiveness. Genealogy mapping revealed that the islanders are direct descendants of the 15 original settlers, and historical records suggest at least two founders may have been asthmatic. The data confirm previous reports of a high asthma prevalence on Tristan and support the postulate that this prevalence is a result of gene enrichment occurring in isolated populations by virtue of extensive inbreeding and a probable founder effect.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zamel, N and McClean, P A and Sandell, P R and Siminovitch, K A and Slutsky, A S},
 journal = {Am J Respir Crit Care Med},
 number = {6 Pt 1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{de_smet_mr_1993,
	title = {{MR} diagnosis of meniscal tears of the knee: importance of high signal in the meniscus that extends to the surface},
	volume = {161},
	issn = {0361-803X},
	shorttitle = {{MR} diagnosis of meniscal tears of the knee},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8517286},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE

The presence of intrameniscal signal in contact with the surface is a commonly used criterion for the diagnosis of meniscal tear. This signal presumably represents the actual tear in the meniscus. However, some menisci with signal that contacts the surface are noted to be intact at arthroscopy whereas other menisci that have no signal in contact with the surface are found to be torn. We investigated the relationship between the presence of a meniscal tear at arthroscopy and the location within the menisci of signal that contacted the surface. We hypothesized that patterns were present that would improve the accuracy of MR diagnosis of a meniscal tear.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

We reviewed the MR and arthroscopic findings from 200 consecutive patients who had both knee MR examinations and knee arthroscopy. There were 108 medial and 58 lateral meniscal tears on arthroscopy. Each MR examination was reviewed for three aspects of intrameniscal signal: the number of images showing signal possibly or definitely contacting the surface, the specific surfaces involved, and the signal location. The coronal and sagittal images were evaluated separately. We correlated each of these features with the presence of a meniscal tear at arthroscopy.


RESULTS

Menisci with signal possibly contacting the surface had the same frequency of tears (three tears in 33 menisci) as menisci without signal contacting the surface (15 tears in 194 menisci). More than 90\% of menisci with signal contacting the surface on more than one image were torn, but only 55\% of medial and 30\% of lateral menisci with such signal on only one image were torn. In the torn menisci with signal contacting the surface, such signal was seen only on sagittal MR images in 31\% of the medial menisci and 45\% of the lateral menisci. Sixteen percent of the torn lateral menisci had signal contacting the meniscal surface in only the anterior two thirds of the meniscus, whereas this was true in only 2\% of the torn medial menisci. Distinct patterns were not seen in the association between tears and signal contacting either the superior or the inferior surface.


CONCLUSION

We found definite patterns in the location of intrameniscal signal that comes in contact with the meniscal surface. These patterns vary in the frequency of associated meniscal tears. Although menisci with internal signal in contact with the surface are usually torn, a tear is less likely if such signal is present on only one image. Tears may be identifiable on only one image plane. Tears in the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus are not uncommon. Knowledge of these patterns should help in the MR diagnosis of meniscal tears.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2012-10-31TZ},
	journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology},
	author = {De Smet, A A and Norris, M A and Yandow, D R and Quintana, F A and Graf, B K and Keene, J S},
	month = jul,
	year = {1993},
	pmid = {8517286},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Menisci, Tibial, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Sensitivity and Specificity, knee injuries},
	pages = {101--107}
}

@article{cobby_deep_1992,
	title = {The deep lateral femoral notch: an indirect sign of a torn anterior cruciate ligament},
	volume = {184},
	issn = {0033-8419},
	shorttitle = {The deep lateral femoral notch},
	abstract = {Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has shown that tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are frequently accompanied by meniscal and osseous injuries. Abnormalities of the cartilage overlying the lateral femoral condylopatellar sulcus (notch) also have been noted during arthrotomy of ACL-deficient knees. In this study, the appearance of this sulcus on MR images and the depth of the sulcus on conventional radiographs are compared in patients with normal and torn ACLs to determine whether a deep sulcus is a useful indirect sign of a torn ACL. In 62 patients with clinically and/or arthroscopically confirmed normal ACLs, the mean depth of the lateral femoral sulcus was 0.45 mm (range, 0.0-1.2 mm) compared with 0.89 mm (range, 0.0-5.0 mm) in 41 patients with clinically and/or arthroscopically confirmed ACL tears (significant at the 5\% level). No patient with a normal ACL had a sulcus greater than 1.2 mm in depth. A sulcus deeper than 1.5 mm is equivalent to 3 standard deviations above the mean and was a reliable indirect sign of a torn ACL.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Radiology},
	author = {Cobby, M J and Schweitzer, M E and Resnick, D},
	month = sep,
	year = {1992},
	pmid = {1509079},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Female, Femur, Humans, Knee Joint, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, knee injuries},
	pages = {855--858}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{yang_value_1992,
	title = {Value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusion: analysis of 320 cases.},
	volume = {159},
	issn = {0361-803X},
	shorttitle = {Value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusion},
	url = {http://www.ajronline.org/doi/abs/10.2214/ajr.159.1.1609716},
	doi = {10.2214/ajr.159.1.1609716},
	abstract = {ABSTRACT : To assess the value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusions, we prospectively analyzed the sonographic findings in 320 patients with pleural effusion of various causes (224 with exudates and 96 with transudates). The nature of the effusions was established on the basis of chemical, bacteriologic, and cytologic examination of pleural fluid; pleural biopsy; and clinical follow-up. All patients had high-frequency, real-time sonography performed by one of three sonographers who had no clinical information concerning the patients. The sonographer evaluated the images for internal echogenicity of the effusion, thickness of the pleura, and associated parenchymal lesions of the lung. The images were also printed out and interpreted a second time by the other two sonographers to reach a consensus. Our results showed that the two types of effusions could be distinguished on the basis of sonographic findings. Transudates were anechoic, whereas an anechoic effusion could be either a transudate or an exudate. Pleural effusions with complex septated, complex nonseptated, or homogeneously echogenic patterns were always exudates (p less than .01). Sonographic findings of thickened pleura and associated parenchymal lesions in the lung also were indicative of an exudate (p less than .01). Homogenous echogenic effusions were due to hemorrhagic effusion or empyema. Sonographic evidence of a pleural nodule was a specific finding in patients with a malignant effusion. We conclude that sonography is useful in determining the nature of pleural effusion.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2015-01-20TZ},
	journal = {American Journal of Roentgenology},
	author = {Yang, P C and Luh, K T and Chang, D B and Wu, H D and Yu, C J and Kuo, S H},
	month = jul,
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Pleura, Pleural Effusion, Prospective Studies},
	pages = {29--33}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas--a study of 45 cases with long-term follow-up.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1992},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Child, Preschool,Combined Modality Therapy,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: diagnosis,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: radiotherapy,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: surgery,Neurologic Examination,Reoperation,Retrospective Studies,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: diagnosis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery},
 pages = {74-9},
 volume = {119},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1481757},
 month = {1},
 id = {08111960-a49a-3d5e-890c-10bb4dbadd57},
 created = {2013-09-04T15:14:24.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:55.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Of the 62 patients with intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma treated surgically at our Neurosurgery Division between January 1951 and December 1990 45 had a follow-up of at least 3 years and the longest 30 years. The 28 conus-cauda equina-filum ependymomas operated during the same period are not considered in this study. An analysis of our cases and of the larger published series shows that favourable prognostic factors, apart of course from total tumour removal, which is now usually possible, are a site below the high cervical segments and a mild pre-operative symptom pattern. Patient age at diagnosis, tumour size and "low dose" (< 40 Gy) radiotherapy seem to have no influence on the prognosis. Aggressive surgical removal is the treatment of choice and also for long-term recurrence.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ferrante, L and Mastronardi, L and Celli, P and Lunardi, P and Acqui, M and Fortuna, a},
 journal = {Acta Neurochirurgica},
 number = {1-4}
}

@article{terry_isolated_1988,
	title = {Isolated chondral fractures of the knee},
	issn = {0009-921X},
	abstract = {Eighteen patients with isolated chondral fractures of the knee were reviewed to reevaluate the clinical signs and symptoms. No other conditions had been present to account for the symptoms. Most of the patients had significant injuries often involving a flexed knee. All patients had had symptoms and physical findings strongly suggestive of meniscal abnormality. Roentgenographic examinations were noncontributory. The lesions occurred in four distinct patterns. All were full thickness. Many of the lesions occurred on the posterior aspect of a femoral condyle, a location where they could be easily overlooked if the condyle were not examined with the knee in extreme flexion. Abutment of the tibial spine against the medial femoral condyle may be one cause of these injuries. The incidence of isolated chondral fractures was found to be higher than previously reported. A negative arthroscopic meniscal examination in a patient with symptoms and physical findings suggestive of meniscal abnormality should alert the physician to the possibility of an isolated chondral fracture.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {234},
	journal = {Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research},
	author = {Terry, G. C. and Flandry, F. and Van Manen, J. W. and Norwood, L. A.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1988},
	pmid = {3409573},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Arthroscopy, Athletic Injuries, Cartilage, Articular, Female, Femoral Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, knee injuries},
	pages = {170--177}
}

@article{
 title = {Frequency and intensity discrimination in humans and monkeys},
 type = {article},
 year = {1985},
 keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adult,Animals,Auditory Perception/physiology,Cercopithecus aethiops/physiology,Female,Humans,Macaca/physiology,Male,Species Specificity,Speech Acoustics,Speech Perception/physiology,Vestibulocochlear Nerve/physiology},
 pages = {1977-1985},
 volume = {78},
 id = {163a1c5d-06e6-3686-9f07-6e1f76a6fc88},
 created = {2017-09-01T15:54:31.569Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {80da7853-f7b7-36a9-8e4c-d7ddb2d9e538},
 group_id = {a2333ea3-15a4-3d40-8d36-f0d9590ca926},
 last_modified = {2017-09-01T15:54:31.713Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 language = {eng},
 abstract = {Frequency and intensity DLs were compared in humans and monkeys using a repeating standard "yes-no" procedure in which subjects reported frequency increments, frequency decrements, intensity increments, or intensity decrements in an ongoing train of 1.0-kHz tone bursts. There was only one experimental condition (intensity increments) in which monkey DLs (1.5-2.0 dB) overlapped those of humans (1.0-1.8 dB). For discrimination of both increments and decrements in frequency, monkey DLs (16-33 Hz) were approximately seven times larger than those of humans (2.4-4.8 Hz), and for discrimination of intensity decrements, monkey DLs (4.4-7.0 dB) were very unstable and larger than those of humans (1.0-1.8 dB). For intensity increment discrimination, humans and monkeys also exhibited similar DLs as SL was varied. However, for frequency increment discrimination, best DLs for humans occurred at a high (50 dB) SL, whereas best DLs for monkeys occurred at a moderate (30 dB) SL. Results are discussed in terms of various neural mechanisms that might be differentially engaged by humans and monkeys in performing these tasks; for example, different amounts of temporal versus rate coding in frequency discrimination, and different mechanisms for monitoring rate decreases in intensity discrimination. The implications of these data for using monkeys as models of human speech sound discrimination are also discussed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Sinnott, J. and Petersen, M. and Hopp, S.},
 number = {6}
}

@article{ikeuchi_arthroscopic_1982,
	title = {Arthroscopic treatment of the discoid lateral meniscus. {Technique} and long-term results},
	issn = {0009-921X},
	abstract = {Forty-five patients (49 knees) who had torn complete or incomplete discoid lateral menisci were treated during the period from 1968 to 1980. Both instrumentation and specific techniques considerably evolved in the arthroscopic complete excision the torn discoid meniscus. The current technique involves the initial removal of the anterior portion of the meniscus, as this allows clearer visualization during the procedure, more space for manipulating surgical instruments, and a reduced operative time. Twenty-four knees (22 patients) were followed for a mean of four years three months. Of this group, 78\% were rated excellent or good and 21\% were rated fair. There were no poor results. The results in the group treated by total meniscectomy were better than those in the group treated with partial meniscectomy. Three patients were treated by peripheral meniscal repair under arthroscopic control, but the long-term results are not available.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {167},
	journal = {Clinical orthopaedics and related research},
	author = {Ikeuchi, H},
	month = jul,
	year = {1982},
	pmid = {6896480},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Arthroscopy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Knee Joint, Male, Menisci, Tibial, Methods, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications},
	pages = {19--28}
}

@Article{Potter1975,
  author   = {Mary C. Potter},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Meaning in visual search.},
  year     = {1975},
  number   = {4180},
  pages    = {965-6},
  volume   = {187},
  abstract = {Viewers briefly glimpsed pictures presented in a sequence at rates
	up to eight per second. They recognized a target picture as accurately
	and almost as rapidly when they knew only its meaning given by a
	name (for example, a boat) as when they had seen the picture itself
	in advance.},
  keywords = {Adult, Form Perception, Humans, Memory, Pattern Recognition, Reaction Time, Visual, 1145183},
}