@article{pascual_bloodstream_2016,
	title = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases: epidemiology and clinical features},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1435-4373},
	shorttitle = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases},
	doi = {10.1007/s10096-016-2752-3},
	abstract = {The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections due to Escherichia coli producing AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC-Ec-BSI). In a multi-centre case-control study, all third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli BSI (3GC-Ec-BSI) isolates were analysed. Acquired bla AmpC (bla ac-AmpC) detection was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Chromosomal bla AmpC (bla c-AmpC) expression was quantified by real-time PCR. Cases were patients with AmpC-Ec-BSI. Controls were patients with cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli BSI, matched 1:1 by sex and age. Demographics, comorbidities, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, clinical presentation and outcomes were investigated. Among 841 E. coli BSI, 17 were caused by AmpC-Ec (2 \%). Eleven isolates (58.8 \%) had bla ac-AmpC and six were bla c-AmpC overproducers. The mean age of cases was 66.2 years and 71 \% were men. Cases were more frequently healthcare-related (82 vs. 52 \% controls, p {\textless} 0.05) and presented more intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. At least one risk factor was present in 94.1 \% of cases vs. 41.7 \% of controls (p = 0.002). Severity and length of stay (LOS) were higher among cases (mean Pitt Score 2.6 vs. 0.38 in controls, p = 0.03; LOS 17.5 days vs. 6 in controls, p = 0.02). Inappropriate empirical therapy (IET) was administered to 70.6 \% of cases and 23.5 \% of controls (p {\textless} 0.003). No differences were found in terms of cure rate at the 14th day and mortality. Bloodstream infections due to AmpC-Ec (mostly plasmid-mediated) are infrequent in our area. AmpC-Ec-BSI affects mainly patients with intrinsic risk factors and those with previous antibiotic exposure. A high proportion received IET.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {European Journal of Clinical Microbiology \& Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology},
	author = {Pascual, V. and Alonso, N. and Simó, M. and Ortiz, G. and Garcia, M. C. and Xercavins, M. and Rivera, A. and Morera, M. A. and Miró, E. and Espejo, E. and Navarro, F. and Gurguí, M. and Pérez, J. and Rodríguez-Carballeira, M. and Garau, J. and Calbo, E.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27549108},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Bacterial Proteins, Case-Control Studies, DNA, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, beta-Lactamases},
	pages = {1997--2003},
}

@article{kiadaliri_absolute_2016,
	title = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}: {Findings} from the {Urban} {HEART} {Study}-2.},
	volume = {10 Suppl 1},
	issn = {1871-403X},
	shorttitle = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.002},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran. Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to association between socioeconomic status and obesity in the country. The current study aimed to examine educational inequalities among adults in Tehran in 2011.
METHOD: Data on 90,435 persons 18 years and older from Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2) were analyzed. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used for assessing educational inequalities in obesity. These measures were quantified using generalized linear models for the binomial family adjusted for sex and age. Subgroup analysis was conducted across sex, age groups and the 22 districts of Tehran.
RESULTS: Both SII and RII showed substantial educational inequalities in obesity in favour of more educated adults [RII and SII (95\% CI were equal to 2.91 (2.71-3.11) and 0.12 (0.12-0.13)), respectively]. These educational inequalities were persistent even after adjusting for employment, marital status and smoking. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational inequalities were more profound among women. While among men educational inequalities were generally increasing with age, an inverse trend was observed among women. Educational inequalities were observed within all 22 districts of Tehran and generally there were no statistically significant differences between districts.
CONCLUSION: An inverse association between education and obesity was observed in the current study. To decrease educational inequalities in Tehran, priority should be given to younger women and older men. Further analyses are needed to explain these inequalities.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Obesity Research \& Clinical Practice},
	author = {Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. and Asadi-Lari, Mohsen and Kalantari, Naser and Jafari, Mehdi and Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26003304},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Educational Status, Educational inequality, Female, Generalized linear model, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban-HEART, Young Adult},
	pages = {S57--S63},
}

@article{cuervo_clinical_2016,
	title = {Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of {MRSA} bacteraemia in the elderly},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {1532-2742},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.009},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and microbiological characteristics, treatment and outcomes of MRSA bacteraemia among elderly and younger patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study conducted at 21 Spanish hospitals including patients with MRSA bacteraemia diagnosed between June/2008 and December/2009. Episodes diagnosed in patients aged 75 or more years old (≥75) were compared with the rest of them ({\textless}75).
RESULTS: Out of 579 episodes of MRSA bacteraemia, 231 (39.9\%) occurred in patients ≥75. Comorbidity was significantly higher in older patients (Charlson score ≥4: 52.8 vs. 44\%; p = .037) as was the severity of the underlying disease (McCabe ≥1: 61.9 vs. 43.4\%; p {\textless} .001). In this group the acquisition was more frequently health-care related (43.3 vs. 33.9\%, p = .023), mostly from long-term care centers (12.1 vs. 3.7\%, p {\textless} .001). An unknown focus was more frequent among ≥75 (19.9 vs. 13.8\%; p = .050) while severity at presentation was similar between groups (Pitt score ≥3: 31.2 vs. 27.6\%; p = .352). The prevalence of vancomycin resistant isolates was similar between groups, as was the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy. Early (EM) and overall mortality (OM) were significantly more frequent in the ≥75 group (EM: 12.1 vs. 6\%; p = .010 OM: 42.9 vs. 23\%; p {\textless} .001). In multivariate analysis age ≥75 was an independent risk factor for overall mortality (aOR: 2.47, CI: 1.63-3.74; p {\textless} .001).
CONCLUSION: MRSA bacteraemia was frequent in patients aged ≥75 of our cohort. This group had higher comorbidity rates and the source of infection was more likely to be unknown. Although no differences were seen in severity or adequacy of empiric therapy, elderly patients showed a higher overall mortality.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Infection},
	author = {Cuervo, Guillermo and Gasch, Oriol and Shaw, Evelyn and Camoez, Mariana and Domínguez, María Ángeles and Padilla, Belén and Pintado, Vicente and Almirante, Benito and Lepe, José A. and López-Medrano, Francisco and Ruiz de Gopegui, Enrique and Martínez, José A. and Montejo, José Miguel and Perez-Nadales, Elena and Arnáiz, Ana and Goenaga, Miguel Ángel and Benito, Natividad and Horcajada, Juan Pablo and Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús and Pujol, Miquel and {REIPI/GEIH study group}},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26723914},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteraemia, Bacteremia, Elderly, Female, Hospitals, Humans, MRSA, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Prospective Studies, Spain, Staphylococcal Infections, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {309--316},
}

@article{
 title = {Quality of life in older people with dementia: a multilevel study of individual attributes and residential care center characteristics},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cross-Sectional Studies,Dementia/epidemiology/psychology,Female,Health Status,Humans,Institutionalization,Male,Middle Aged,Nursing Homes,Quality of Life,Questionnaires,Retrospective Studies,Spain/epidemiology,dementia,multilevel analysis,older adults,residential care centers},
 pages = {104-110},
 volume = {15},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Japan Geriatrics Society},
 city = {Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.},
 id = {35f0e744-a287-3daf-8594-25c38c57ad04},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:14.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {CI: (c) 2014; JID: 101135738; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/12/10 [accepted]; 2014/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {f1983289-bfcc-4bbc-aa58-64df97457698},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {AIM: To analyze how the characteristics of institutionalized older people with dementia and residential care centers are associated with the individual's quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Data were collected from a survey carried out on 525 elderly people aged 60 years or older in 14 nursing care homes across Spain. Multilevel linear analysis to assess the differences in QoL level between centers and individuals was carried out. RESULTS: The characteristics of the individuals that were associated with a higher QoL were functional independence, health status and gathering with family, friends or neighbors. In contrast, higher levels of dementia, depression and the length of institutionalization had a negative effect on QoL. In relation to the residential care center characteristics, the availability of geriatricians was associated with higher QoL, compared with those centers with no geriatricians on staff. In addition, public centers (public ownership and publicly-funded residents) were also associated with higher QoL than private/mixed centers. The multilevel analysis showed that the 16.4% of the differences in QoL was related to residence factors. CONCLUSION: These results reflect the importance of the functional, social, mental and residential dimensions in the QoL of older adults with dementia. Actions devoted to improving these key dimensions would contribute to promote the well-being of this vulnerable population.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Marventano, S and Prieto-Flores, M E and Sanz-Barbero, B and Martin-Garcia, S and Fernandez-Mayoralas, G and Rojo-Perez, F and Martinez-Martin, P and Forjaz, M J and Ageing, Spanish Research Group on Quality of Life and},
 journal = {Geriatrics & gerontology international},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Vaccines for the prevention of seasonal influenza in patients with diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 pages = {53},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/13/53},
 id = {2cc07ac9-3895-3d7d-840a-282f79e47294},
 created = {2015-09-09T15:56:50.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {7a0fec24-6ec6-312f-956e-f210abd2cdb7},
 group_id = {943817ab-6073-3383-a1c5-963a6e7efbea},
 last_modified = {2015-09-14T17:18:41.000Z},
 tags = {VDECGA,VDECICIDFLUREV,VDECL4,VDECVI},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {VDECICIDFLUREV; VDECSG; GA},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Remschmidt, Cornelius and Wichmann, Ole and Harder, Thomas},
 journal = {BMC Medicine},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Bathing Disability and Bathing Persons with Dementia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alzheimer Disease/nursing,Baths/nursing,Dementia/nursing,Education, Nursing, Continuing,Female,Humans,Male},
 pages = {9-14,22},
 volume = {24},
 city = {United States},
 id = {e18a4c8b-cd5c-3173-83e1-3972ab130701},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:28.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {JID: 9300545; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {06be5eb7-ff2d-415d-a16d-66085b37f653,06271a48-ad48-43cc-b073-52e57f10f5e1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Bathing disability, evidence of functional decline, predicts admission to long-term care facilities following acute care hospitalizations. Nurses are challenged to assess bathing disability in hospitalized older persons and those with dementia to support their maximal functional performance and implement diverse bathing strategies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wolf, Z R and Czekanski, K E},
 journal = {Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {A cross-sectional survey to investigate the quality of care in Tuscan (Italy) nursing homes: the structural, process and outcome indicators of nutritional care},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cross-Sectional Studies,Female,Humans,Italy,Male,Nursing Homes/standards,Nutrition Assessment,Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care),Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards,State Medicine,Surveys and Questionnaires},
 pages = {223-225},
 volume = {15},
 month = {6},
 day = {6},
 city = {Department of Health Science, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 48, 50134, Florence, Italy. guglielmo.bonaccorsi@unifi.it.; Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Tuscany, Italy. francesca.collini@ars.toscana.it.; Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Tu},
 id = {d64bdbb7-59e8-3cb6-8a02-a76d22344e68},
 created = {2016-08-21T22:19:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {LR: 20150608; JID: 101088677; OID: NLM: PMC4458040; 2014/10/30 [received]; 2015/05/19 [accepted]; 2015/06/06 [aheadofprint]; epublish},
 folder_uuids = {911ed6ae-9b6c-4b26-b2c0-eb5c080b23de,63a49397-62a3-4051-829d-7112ba34c71e},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies have investigated process and structure indicators of nutritional care as well as their use in nursing homes (NHs), but the relative weight of these indicators in predicting the risk of malnutrition remains unclear. Aims of the present study are to describe the quality indicators of nutritional care in older residents in a sample of NHs in Tuscany, Italy, and to evaluate the predictors of protein-energy malnutrition risk. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 67 NHs. Information was collected to evaluate quality indicators of nutritional care and the individual risk factors for malnutrition, which was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. A multilevel model was used to analyse the association between risk and predictors. RESULTS: Out of 2395 participants, 23.7 % were at high, 11 % at medium, and 65.3 % at low risk for malnutrition. Forty-two percent of the NHs had only a personal scale to weigh residents; 88 % did not routinely use a screening test/tool for malnutrition; 60 % used some standardized approach for weight measurement; 43 % did not assess the severity of dysphagia; 12 % were not staffed with dietitians. Patients living in NHs where a chair or platform scale was available had a significantly lower risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.73; 95 % CI = 0.56-0.94). None of the other structural or process quality indicators showed a statistically significant association with malnutrition risk. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the process and structural indicators considered, only the absence of an adequate scale to weigh residents predicted the risk of malnutrition, after adjusting for case mix. These findings prompt the conduction of further investigations on the effectiveness of structural and process indicators that are used to describe quality of nutritional care in NHs.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bonaccorsi, G and Collini, F and Castagnoli, M and Di Bari, M and Cavallini, M C and Zaffarana, N and Pepe, P and Mugelli, A and Lucenteforte, E and Vannacci, A and Lorini, C},
 journal = {BMC health services research}
}

@article{le_rhun_phase_2015,
	title = {A phase {III} randomized multicenter trial evaluating cognition in post-menopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonotherapy},
	volume = {152},
	issn = {1573-7217},
	doi = {10.1007/s10549-015-3493-1},
	abstract = {Cognitive impairment, especially verbal episodic memory and executive function impairments, has been considered to be a possible adverse effect of aromatase inhibitors (AI). This phase III open-label study compared the impact of tamoxifen and AI on verbal episodic memory (Rey auditory verbal learning test-RAVLT) and other cognitive functions (visual memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functions) after 6 and 12 months of treatment in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant hormonotherapy. Menopausal chemo-naïve patients with resectable breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) at the end of the radiotherapy to receive tamoxifen or AI. Neuropsychological assessments, self-reported quality of life, and depression assessments were performed at baseline, before any hormonal treatment, and at 6 and 12 months. Mixed design analysis models of variance was used to compare the evolution of the scores between the groups during follow-up. A total of 74 evaluable patients were enrolled (Tamoxifen arm, n = 37; AI arm, n = 37; letrozole n = 18; anastrozole n = 16; exemestane n = 3). The median age at inclusion was 61 years (range, minimum 49-maximum 69). The patient and breast cancer characteristics were well balanced between arms. After 6 months, no significant differential effect of AI or tamoxifen was observed on the RAVLT. Moreover, considering the other cognitive measures and the quality of life questionnaires, there were also no differences between the groups during the 1-year follow-up. In this study, AI has not demonstrated worse adverse effects on cognitive functions than tamoxifen during a 1-year follow-up.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Breast Cancer Research and Treatment},
	author = {Le Rhun, Emilie and Delbeuck, Xavier and Lefeuvre-Plesse, Claudia and Kramar, Andrew and Skrobala, Emilie and Pasquier, Florence and Bonneterre, Jacques},
	month = aug,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26160250},
	keywords = {Aged, Humans, Cognition Disorders, Female, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Quality of Life, Memory, Anastrozole, Androstadienes, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Aromatase Inhibitors, Breast Neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Letrozole, Nitriles, Postmenopause, Tamoxifen, Triazoles},
	pages = {569--580}
}

@article{robinson_effects_2015,
	title = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}: {A} {Preliminary} {Study}},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {1534-7796},
	shorttitle = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}},
	doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000222},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Psychological interventions administered before wounding can reduce stress and improve healing. However, in many cases, it would be more practical for interventions to be delivered after wounding. This preliminary study investigated whether a brief relaxation intervention could improve healing when administered either before or after skin damage produced by tape stripping in comparison to a control group.
METHODS: One hundred twenty-one healthy adults were randomized into one of three groups: (a) relaxation prestripping group, (b) relaxation poststripping group, or (c) no relaxation. Participants completed measures of stress, fatigue, relaxation, and pain. Relaxation consisted of listening to 20 minutes of guided relaxation, whereas the control condition was quiet reading for 20 minutes. Skin barrier function was measured using transepidermal water loss at baseline, immediately after tape stripping and 25 minutes later.
RESULTS: Relaxation either before or after tape stripping improved skin barrier recovery compared with the control group (F(2,92) = 3.58, p = .032, partial η = 0.074). Participants who took part in the relaxation intervention were significantly more relaxed and reported greater reductions in pain than the control group did 25 minutes after tape stripping. Perceived stress over the last month was not significantly related to healing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a relaxation intervention had a beneficial effect on skin barrier recovery regardless of whether the intervention was administered before or after wounding. Future research needs to replicate these findings in other wound types and in clinical settings, and investigate the biological mechanisms involved.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	author = {Robinson, Hayley and Jarrett, Paul and Broadbent, Elizabeth},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26335334},
	note = {00002 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Epidermis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recovery of Function, Relaxation Therapy, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Treatment Outcome, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
	pages = {844--852}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_performance_2014,
	title = {The performance of seven {QPrediction} risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice: a validation study},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {The performance of seven {QPrediction} risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005809},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To validate the performance of a set of risk prediction algorithms developed using the QResearch database, in an independent sample from general practices contributing to the Clinical Research Data Link (CPRD).
SETTING: Prospective open cohort study using practices contributing to the CPRD database and practices contributing to the QResearch database.
PARTICIPANTS: The CPRD validation cohort consisted of 3.3 million patients, aged 25-99 years registered at 357 general practices between 1 Jan 1998 and 31 July 2012. The validation statistics for QResearch were obtained from the original published papers which used a one-third sample of practices separate to those used to derive the score. A cohort from QResearch was used to compare incidence rates and baseline characteristics and consisted of 6.8 million patients from 753 practices registered between 1 Jan 1998 and until 31 July 2013.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident events relating to seven different risk prediction scores: QRISK2 (cardiovascular disease); QStroke (ischaemic stroke); QDiabetes (type 2 diabetes); QFracture (osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture); QKidney (moderate and severe kidney failure); QThrombosis (venous thromboembolism); QBleed (intracranial bleed and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage). Measures of discrimination and calibration were calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, the baseline characteristics of the CPRD and QResearch cohorts were similar though QResearch had higher recording levels for ethnicity and family history. The validation statistics for each of the risk prediction scores were very similar in the CPRD cohort compared with the published results from QResearch validation cohorts. For example, in women, the QDiabetes algorithm explained 50\% of the variation within CPRD compared with 51\% on QResearch and the receiver operator curve value was 0.85 on both databases. The scores were well calibrated in CPRD.
CONCLUSIONS: Each of the algorithms performed practically as well in the external independent CPRD validation cohorts as they had in the original published QResearch validation cohorts.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {BMJ open},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Coupland, Carol and Brindle, Peter},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25168040},
	pmcid = {PMC4156807},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Calibration, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cprd, Ethnic Groups, Family, Female, General Practice, Hemorrhage, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporotic Fractures, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, QResearch, Qrisk2, Risk, Validation, Venous Thromboembolism, diabetes mellitus},
	pages = {e005809}
}

@article{
 title = {How much do residential aged care staff members know about the nutritional needs of residents?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Attitude of Health Personnel,Cross-Sectional Studies,Dementia/nursing,Female,Geriatric Nursing/methods,Health Care Surveys,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice,Humans,Male,Malnutrition/nursing,Meals,Middle Aged,Nursing Staff,Nutrition Assessment,Quality of Life/psychology,Residential Facilities,malnutrition,mealtime practices,nutrition knowledge,old age,residential care,staff},
 pages = {54-64},
 volume = {9},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
 city = {Dementia Collaborative Research Centre: Carers & Consumers, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Dementia Training Studies Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; School of Nursing, Queensland University of T},
 id = {ddcbb97d-cbf9-341d-982c-c02ae2ebd52c},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:30.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {ID: 74113; CI: (c) 2013; JID: 101267281; OTO: NOTNLM; 2012/08/03 [received]; 2012/11/21 [accepted]; 2013/02/11 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {06271a48-ad48-43cc-b073-52e57f10f5e1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Undernutrition, weight loss and dehydration are major clinical issues for people with dementia in residential care, with excessive weight loss contributing to increased risk of frailty, immobility, illness and premature morbidity. This paper discusses a nutritional knowledge and attitudes survey conducted as part of a larger project focused on improving nutritional intake of people with dementia within a residential care facility in Brisbane, Australia. AIMS: The specific aims of the survey were to identify (i) knowledge of the nutritional needs of aged care facility residents; (ii) mealtime practices; and (iii) attitudes towards mealtime practices and organisation. METHODS: A survey based on those used in other healthcare settings was completed by 76 staff members. The survey included questions about nutritional knowledge, opinions of the food service, frequency of feeding assistance provided and feeding assessment practices. RESULTS: Nutritional knowledge scores ranged from 1 to 9 of a possible 10, with a mean score of 4.67. While 76% of respondents correctly identified risk factors associated with malnutrition in nursing home residents, only 38% of participants correctly identified the need for increased protein and energy in residents with pressure ulcers, and just 15% exhibited correct knowledge of fluid requirements. Further, while nutritional assessment was considered an important part of practice by 83% of respondents, just 53% indicated that they actually carried out such assessments. Identified barriers to promoting optimal nutrition included insufficient time to observe residents (56%); being unaware of residents' feeding issues (46%); poor knowledge of nutritional assessments (44%); and unappetising appearance of food served (57%). CONCLUSION: An important step towards improving health and quality of life for residents of aged care facilities would be to enhance staff nutritional awareness and assessment skills. This should be carried out through increased attention to both preservice curricula and on-the-job training. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The residential facility staff surveyed demonstrated low levels of nutrition knowledge, which reflects findings from the international literature. This has implications for the provision of responsive care to residents of these facilities and should be explored further.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Beattie, E and O'Reilly, M and Strange, E and Franklin, S and Isenring, E},
 journal = {International journal of older people nursing},
 number = {1}
}

@article{wiwatanadate_acute_2014,
	title = {Acute air pollution-related symptoms among residents in {Chiang} {Mai}, {Thailand}},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0022-0892},
	abstract = {Open burnings (forest fires, agricultural, and garbage burnings) are the major sources of air pollution in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A time series prospective study was conducted in which 3025 participants were interviewed for 19 acute symptoms with the daily records of ambient air pollutants: particulate matter less than 10 microm in size (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). PM10 was positively associated with blurred vision with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.009. CO was positively associated with lower lung and heart symptoms with adjusted ORs of 1.137 and 1.117. NO2 was positively associated with nosebleed, larynx symptoms, dry cough, lower lung symptoms, heart symptoms, and eye irritation with the range of adjusted ORs (ROAORs) of 1.024 to 1.229. SO2 was positively associated with swelling feet, skin symptoms, eye irritation, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 1.205 to 2.948. Conversely, O3 was negatively related to running nose, burning nose, dry cough, body rash, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 0.891 to 0.979.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Health},
	author = {Wiwatanadate, Phongtape},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24645417},
	note = {00003 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Particulate Matter, Prospective Studies, Respiration Disorders, Thailand, Weather},
	pages = {76--84}
}

@article{
 title = {Living in uncertain times: trajectories to death in residential care homes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Advance Care Planning/organization & administratio,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Attitude of Health Personnel,England/epidemiology,Frail Elderly,Health Services Research,Homes for the Aged/organization & administration,Hospitalization,Humans,Nursing Homes,Policy Making,Primary Health Care,Professional-Patient Relations,Prospective Studies,Qualitative Research,Terminal Care/organization & administration,care homes,dying trajectories,end-of-life care,palliative care},
 pages = {e576-83},
 volume = {64},
 month = {9},
 city = {Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.; International Observatory on End of Life Care, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster.; Primary Care Unit, Department of Public },
 id = {5fd4a42e-17f3-3187-820a-582da2218f36},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:36.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {CI: (c) British Journal of General Practice 2014; JID: 9005323; OID: NLM: PMC4141615; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {cbf07968-bdea-492d-b4e4-d50a2e1cb62d},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Older people living in care homes often have limited life expectancy. Practitioners and policymakers are increasingly questioning the appropriateness of many acute hospital admissions and the quality of end-of-life care provided in care homes. AIM: To describe care home residents' trajectories to death and care provision in their final weeks of life. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of residents in six residential care homes in three sociodemographically varied English localities: Hertfordshire, Essex, and Cambridgeshire. METHOD: Case note reviews and interviews with residents, care home staff, and healthcare professionals. RESULTS: Twenty-three out of 121 recruited residents died during the study period. Four trajectories to death were identified: 'anticipated dying' with an identifiable end-of-life care period and death in the care home (n = 9); 'unexpected dying' with death in the care home that was not anticipated and often sudden (n = 3); 'uncertain dying' with a period of diagnostic uncertainty or difficult symptom management leading to hospital admission and inpatient death (n = 7); and 'unpredictable dying' with an unexpected event leading to hospital admission and inpatient death (n = 4). End-of-life care tools were rarely used. Most residents who had had one or more acute hospital admission were still alive at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: For some care home residents there was an identifiable period when they were approaching the end-of-life and planned care was put in place. For others, death came unexpectedly or during a period of considerable uncertainty, with care largely unplanned and reactive to events.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Barclay, S and Froggatt, K and Crang, C and Mathie, E and Handley, M and Iliffe, S and Manthorpe, J and Gage, H and Goodman, C},
 journal = {The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
 number = {626}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{aboukais_surgery_2014,
	title = {Surgery followed by radiosurgery: a deliberate valuable strategy in the treatment of intracranial meningioma},
	volume = {124},
	issn = {1872-6968 (Electronic) 0303-8467 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043442},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.06.035},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to show that surgery followed by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is an effective and safe combined treatment for the control of intracranial meningiomas located close to critical structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study followed 31 patients with intracranial meningioma between 2005 and 2010. We included patients when initial therapeutic decision was deliberate subtotal surgical resection preparing a target for early postoperative GKR. Early MRI was performed to evaluate the tumor residual volume after surgical procedure. Annual MRI was performed to detect any tumor progression. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 4.5 years. The mean margin dose was 14.5 Gy and the mean target volume was 2.4 cm3. The mean progression free survival after combined treatment was 4.4 years in the irradiated target volume and 3.9 years on the limit or remotely of irradiated target volume. Of all patients, we recorded 5 tumor progressions after combined treatment, in-field in 1 case and out-of-field in 4 cases. All tumor progressions were high-grade meningiomas. CONCLUSION: Surgery followed by radiosurgery is a safe and effective combined treatment for intracranial meningiomas. We recommend it in case of meningioma located close to critical structures for which it is safer to leave in place a tumor remnant to reduce morbidity.},
	journal = {Clin Neurol Neurosurg},
	author = {Aboukais, R. and Zairi, F. and Reyns, N. and Le Rhun, E. and Touzet, G. and Blond, S. and Lejeune, J. P.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {*Neoplasm Recurrence, Adult, Aged, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Local, Male, Meningeal Neoplasms/*surgery, Meningioma/*surgery, Middle Aged, Neurosurgical Procedures/*methods, Radiosurgery/*methods, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {123--6},
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{schachtner_inflammatory_2014,
	title = {Inflammatory activation and recovering {BKV}-specific immunity correlate with self-limited {BKV} replication after renal transplantation},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {09340874},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/tri.12251},
	doi = {10.1111/tri.12251},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2017-02-01TZ},
	journal = {Transplant International},
	author = {Schachtner, Thomas and Stein, Maik and Sefrin, Anett and Babel, Nina and Reinke, Petra},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral/blood, Antigens, Viral, BK Virus/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology, BKV replication, Chemokine CXCL10/blood, ELISPOT, Female, Humans, IP-10, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood, Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis, Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Nephritis/etiology/immunology, Polyomavirus Infections/etiology/immunology, Prospective Studies, Renal transplantation, Risk Factors, T cells, T-Lymphocytes/immunology, Transplantation Immunology, Tumor Virus Infections/etiology/immunology, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood, Virus Activation/immunology, Virus Replication/immunology},
	pages = {290--301}
}

@article{fisher_fatal_2014,
	title = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning: {England} and {Wales}, 1979-2012},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {1556-9519},
	shorttitle = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning},
	doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.887092},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. METHODS.
STUDY DESIGN: observational case series. Data on fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in England and Wales from 1979 to 2012 were obtained from coroner reports. Data on unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted and were analysed by year of registration of death, sex, age group, and whether death occurred at a private house, flat, associated garage, or residential caravan ('home'), or elsewhere.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were 28,944 carbon monoxide-related deaths, of which 82\% were male. Deaths increased from 965 (1979) to 1700 (1987), and then fell to 182 (2012). Of these 2208 (64\% male) were recorded as unintentional non-fire-related deaths. Annual numbers of these latter deaths fell from 166 in 1979 to 25 in 2012 (i.e. from 3.37 to 0.44 per million population). Some 81 and 92\% of such deaths in males and in females, respectively, occurred at 'home'. A clear preponderance of male versus female deaths was seen in the 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years age groups, with similar numbers of deaths in males and in females in the younger ({\textless} 1 and 1-9 year) and higher (65-79 and 80 + years) age groups. A higher proportion of these excess deaths in males occurred outside the deceased's 'home' in those aged 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years.
CONCLUSION: Deaths from unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning are now much less common in England and Wales than in earlier years, but remain a cause for concern. Installation and proper maintenance of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings and outhouses, for example, and education not only of the public, but also of health and other professionals as to the danger posed by carbon monoxide could help prevent such deaths.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
	author = {Fisher, D. S. and Leonardi, G. and Flanagan, R. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24533843},
	note = {00006 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Child, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Wales},
	pages = {166--170}
}

@article{
 title = {Antipsychotic use in nursing homes varies by psychiatric consultant},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Antipsychotic Agents/administration & dosage,Consultants/statistics & numerical data,Cross-Sectional Studies,Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data,Female,Homes for the Aged/statistics & numerical data,Humans,Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical d,Male,Middle Aged,Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data,Physician's Practice Patterns/statistics & numeric,Prevalence,Psychiatry/statistics & numerical data,Quality of Health Care/statistics & numerical data},
 pages = {267-271},
 volume = {52},
 month = {3},
 city = {*University of Massachusetts Medical School daggerMeyers Primary Care Institute, Worcester, MA double daggerQualidigm, Wethersfield, CT section signMassachsuetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester, MA.},
 id = {b19f54cb-fab3-3dea-811c-117436fba829},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:45.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {ID: 69243; GR: K01 AG031836/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; GR: K01AG031836/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States; GR: R18 HS 019351/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States; JID: 0230027; 0 (Antipsychotic Agents); NIHMS544145; OID: NLM: NIHMS544145 [Available on 03/01/15]; OID: NLM: PMC3948216 [Available on 03/01/15]; PMCR: 2015/03/01 00:00; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {966ab323-a0e8-4fc2-897a-595b3dcfd334},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between psychiatric consultation and antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes (NH) is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the association between psychiatric consultant groups and NH-level antipsychotic prescribing after adjustment for resident case-mix and facility characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Nested cross-sectional study of 60 NHs in a cluster randomized trial. We linked facility leadership surveys to October 2009-September 2010 Minimum Data Set, Nursing Home Compare, the US Census, and pharmacy dispensing data. MEASURES: The main exposure is the psychiatric consultant group and the main outcome is NH-level prevalence of atypical antipsychotic use. We calculated annual means and interquartile ranges of NH-level antipsychotic use for each consultant group and arrayed consultant groups from lowest to highest prevalence. Generalized linear models were used to predict antipsychotic prescribing adjusting for resident case-mix and facility characteristics. Observed versus predicted antipsychotic prescribing levels were compared for each consultant group. RESULTS: Seven psychiatric consultant groups served a range of 3-27 study facilities. Overall mean facility-level antipsychotic prescribing was 19.2%. Mean prevalence of antipsychotic prescribing ranged from 12.2% (SD, 5.8) in the lowest consultant group to 26.4% (SD, 3.6) in the highest group. All facilities served by the highest-ranked consultant group had observed antipsychotic levels exceeding the overall study mean with half exceeding predictions for on-label indications, whereas most facilities served by the lowest-ranked consultant group had observed levels below the overall study and predicted means. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests that psychiatric consultant groups affect NH antipsychotic prescribing independent of resident case-mix and facility characteristics.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Tjia, J and Field, T and Lemay, C and Mazor, K and Pandolfi, M and Spenard, A and Ho, S Y and Kanaan, A and Donovan, J and Gurwitz, J H and Briesacher, B},
 journal = {Medical care},
 number = {3}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dynamic data during hypotensive episode improves mortality predictions among patients with sepsis and hypotension.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {80 and over,Adult,Aged,Algorithms,Cohort Studies,Comorbidity,Critical Illness,Critical Illness: mortality,Female,Great Britain,Hospital Mortality,Hospital Mortality: trends,Humans,Hypotension,Hypotension: mortality,Intensive Care Units,Male,Middle Aged,Outcome Assessment (Health Care),Predictive Value of Tests,Prognosis,Retrospective Studies,Sepsis,Sepsis: mortality},
 pages = {954-62},
 volume = {41},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3609896&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {NIH Public Access},
 id = {95d7042f-e668-3f25-aeb3-4f00b98dda28},
 created = {2016-03-29T18:26:56.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {304786e8-5116-360a-80be-e62833097578},
 group_id = {d7b44578-07c1-3210-ae74-3bcd7f980767},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T15:45:25.917Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mayaud_Crit_Care_April_2013},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine if a prediction rule for hospital mortality using dynamic variables in response to treatment of hypotension in patients with sepsis performs better than current models.\n\nDESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.\n\nSETTING: All ICUs at a tertiary care hospital.\n\nPATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to ICUs between 2001 and 2007 of whom 2,113 met inclusion criteria and had sufficient data.\n\nINTERVENTIONS: None.\n\nMEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We developed a prediction algorithm for hospital mortality in patients with sepsis and hypotension requiring medical intervention using data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II. We extracted 189 candidate variables, including treatments, physiologic variables and laboratory values collected before, during, and after a hypotensive episode. Thirty predictors were identified using a genetic algorithm on a training set (n=1500) and validated with a logistic regression model on an independent validation set (n=613). The final prediction algorithm used included dynamic information and had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve=82.0%) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow C statistic=10.43, p=0.06). This model was compared with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV using reclassification indices and was found to be superior with an Net Reclassification Improvement of 0.19 (p<0.001) and an Integrated Discrimination Improvement of 0.09 (p<0.001).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Hospital mortality predictions based on dynamic variables surrounding a hypotensive event is a new approach to predicting prognosis. A model using these variables has good discrimination and calibration and offers additional predictive prognostic information beyond established ones.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mayaud, Louis and Lai, Peggy S and Clifford, Gari D and Tarassenko, Lionel and Celi, Leo Anthony and Annane, Djillali},
 journal = {Critical Care Medicine},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {A multi-center retrospective analysis of treatment effects and quality of life in adult patients with cranial ependymomas},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Combined Modality Therapy,Cranial Irradiation,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Neurosurgical Procedures,Prognosis,Quality of Life,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Young Adult},
 pages = {319-27},
 volume = {114},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23813228},
 month = {9},
 id = {f45c71d6-e421-3cd5-8da7-0d79c822397d},
 created = {2014-04-16T20:14:36.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-04-16},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T21:45:19.000Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Long term quality of life data of adult patients harboring intracranial ependymomas have not been reported. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy in Grade II ependymomas is unclear and differs from study to study. We therefore sought to retrospectively analyze outcome and quality of life of adult patients that were operated on intracranial ependymomas at four different surgical centers in two countries. All patients were attempted to be contacted via telephone to assess quality of life (QoL) at the time of the telephone interview. The standard EORTC QoL Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EORTC QLQ-Brain Cancer Module (QLQ-BN20) were used. 64 adult patients with intracranial ependymomas were included in the study. The only factor that was associated with increased survival was age <55 years (p < 0.001). Supratentorial location was correlated with shorter progression free survival than infratentorial location (PFS; p = 0.048). In WHO Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to increased PFS (p = 0.888) or overall survival (p = 0.801). Even for incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS (p = 0.911). In a multivariate analysis of QoL, irradiated patients had significantly worse scores in the item "fatigue" (p = 0.037) than non-irradiated patients. Here we present QoL data of adult patients with intracranial ependymomas. Our data show that local radiation therapy may have long-term effects on patients' QoL. Since in the incompletely resected Grade II tumors local irradiation did not lead to a benefit in PFS in this retrospective study, prospective randomized studies are necessary. In addition to age, supratentorial tumor location is associated with a worse prognosis in adult ependymoma patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Dützmann, Stephan and Schatlo, Bawarjan and Lobrinus, Alexander and Murek, Michael and Wostrack, Maria and Weiss, Carolin and Schaller, Karl and Raabe, Andreas and Meyer, Bernhard and Goldbrunner, Roland and Franz, Kea and Seifert, Volker and Senft, Christian},
 journal = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology},
 number = {3}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dedicated orthopedic operating room unit improves operating room efficiency},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip,*Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee,*Operating Rooms/og [Organization & Administration,*Process Assessment (Health Care),Aged,Chi-Square Distribution,Comorbidity,Efficiency, Organizational,Female,Humans,Logistic Models,Male,Middle Aged,Operative Time,Propensity Score,Retrospective Studies,Time Management},
 pages = {1066-1071.e2},
 volume = {28},
 websites = {http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=23540542},
 id = {8091b854-98a0-398e-98d0-e184b2c6c718},
 created = {2019-03-19T15:08:10.483Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {59e4d4d9-485f-3c31-ad40-2ced068886ad},
 group_id = {e95745c0-49e9-3434-b20f-63583e8a5d27},
 last_modified = {2019-04-08T15:08:01.163Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 language = {English},
 notes = {Small, Travis J
Gad, Bishoy V
Klika, Alison K
Mounir-Soliman, Loran S
Gerritsen, Ryan L
Barsoum, Wael K
S0883-5403(13)00160-5},
 folder_uuids = {f8a142dd-eb80-496b-b5d6-fb6d3b05d3d1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We investigated the effectiveness of dedicated orthopedic operating rooms (OR) on minimizing time spent on perioperative processes to increase OR throughput in total knee and hip arthroplasty procedures. The use of a dedicated orthopedic unit that included 6 ORs with staff allocated only for those ORs was compared to the use of a traditional staffing model. After matching to simulate randomization, each group consisted of 422 procedures. The dedicated orthopedic unit improved average anesthesia controlled time by 4 minutes (P<.001), operative time by 7 minutes (P=.004) and turnover time by 8 minutes (P<.001). An overall improvement of 19 minutes per procedure using the dedicated unit was observed. Utilizing a dedicated orthopedic unit can save time without increasing adverse events.Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Small, T J and Gad, B V and Klika, A K and Mounir-Soliman, L S and Gerritsen, R L and Barsoum, W K},
 journal = {Journal of Arthroplasty},
 number = {7}
}

@article{tan_identification_2013,
	title = {Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute  central nervous system infections.},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2150-7511},
	doi = {10.1128/mBio.00231-13},
	abstract = {Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4\% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58\%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {mBio},
	author = {Tan, Le Van and van Doorn, H. Rogier and Nghia, Ho Dang Trung and Chau, Tran Thi Hong and Tu, Le Thi Phuong and de Vries, Michel and Canuti, Marta and Deijs, Martin and Jebbink, Maarten F. and Baker, Stephen and Bryant, Juliet E. and Tham, Nguyen Thi and BKrong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh and Boni, Maciej F. and Loi, Tran Quoc and Phuong, Le Thi and Verhoeven, Joost T. P. and Crusat, Martin and Jeeninga, Rienk E. and Schultsz, Constance and Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh and Hien, Tran Tinh and van der Hoek, Lia and Farrar, Jeremy and de Jong, Menno D.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23781068},
	pmcid = {PMC3684831},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Circoviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vietnam, Young Adult},
	pages = {e00231--00213},
}

@article{theophile_comparison_2013,
	title = {Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the {Naranjo} and {Liverpool} algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1179-1942},
	doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0083-1},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference.
METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 \%), followed by 'probable' (35 \%), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 \% each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 \%) and 'probable' (30 \%) followed by 'definite' (7 \%) and 'unlikely' (2 \%). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm.
CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Drug Safety},
	author = {Théophile, Hélène and André, Manon and Miremont-Salamé, Ghada and Arimone, Yannick and Bégaud, Bernard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23828659},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Expert Testimony, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Judgment, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacovigilance, Sensitivity and Specificity},
	pages = {1033--1044}
}

@article{jameson_impact_2013,
	title = {Impact of lipid-lowering therapy on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients at high-risk of cardiovascular events in {UK} primary care - a retrospective database study},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {1742-1241},
	doi = {10.1111/ijcp.12238},
	abstract = {AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidaemias in high-risk patients new to lipid-modifying therapy (LMT), and establish the extent to which these lipid abnormalities are addressed by treatment in UK clinical practice.
METHODS: The PRIMULA study was a retrospective analysis, conducted using the UK General Practice Research Database. Two periods were studied as follows: a pretreatment period, defined as the 12 months before initiation of LMT (the index date), and a follow-up period of at least 12 months. Patients included in the study (n = 25,011) had dyslipidaemia with at least one abnormal lipid measurement [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TG)] in the pretreatment period. All patients were at high risk of cardiovascular events, which was defined as having a history of cardiovascular disease, a 10-year Framingham risk score higher than 20\%, diabetes or hypertension, as defined by the Joint British Societies 2 guidelines.
RESULTS: At the index date, 98\% of patients were initiated on statin monotherapy. After 12 months of treatment, 15.2\% (sub-group range: 11.0-22.9\%) of all high-risk patients had no lipid abnormalities. The proportions of patients with high TC or LDL-C levels decreased from 98.8\% to 68.9\%, and from 99.2\% to 68.7\%, respectively, over 12 months. The prevalence of high TG levels decreased from 45.0\% to 26.9\%, whereas that of low HDL-C levels increased, from 16.6\% to 18.0\%. Risk factors for cardiovascular events were not consistently associated with the likelihood of attaining optimal lipid levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread use of statins, many individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events have persistently abnormal lipid levels, with over two-thirds of patients not achieving target levels of LDL-C or TC. Management of dyslipidaemia is therefore suboptimal in this important high-risk group in UK standard practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {International Journal of Clinical Practice},
	author = {Jameson, K. and Amber, V. and D'Oca, K. and Mills, D. and Giles, A. and Ambegaonkar, B.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23944233},
	pmcid = {PMC4232237},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslipidemias, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hypolipidemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1228--1237}
}

@article{zhao_efficacy_2013,
	title = {Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial},
	volume = {185},
	issn = {1095-8673},
	shorttitle = {Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy for knee osteoarthritis},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.004},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been widely used for pain relief and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. We aimed to assess ESWT for knee osteoarthritis (OA) over 12 wk by comparison with placebo treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomized 70 patients to receive placebo (n = 36) or ESWT (n = 34). For ESWT, patients received 4000 pulses of shockwave at 0.25 mJ/mm(2) weekly for 4 wk. In the placebo group, patients received shockwave at 0 mJ/mm(2) in the same area. The effect on OA was assessed by pain on a visual analog scale and disability on the Lequesne index, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index, and patient perception of the clinical severity of OA. Evaluation was performed at baseline and after 1, 4, and 12 wk.
RESULTS: We found no adverse events during and after ESWT. ESWT was more effective than placebo in reducing pain on movement at each period (P {\textless} 0.01). The mean visual analog scale score with ESWT was 3.83 at 12 wk versus 7.56 at baseline (P {\textless} 0.01). The Lequesne index and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score were reduced with ESWT. Moreover, patient perception of clinical severity of OA was significantly greater with ESWT than that with placebo (P {\textless} 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: ESWT is effective in reducing pain and improving knee function, with better results than placebo during the 12-wk treatment. However, further pilot studies are needed to determine whether ESWT should be recommended at an early or later stage of OA or combined with conventional therapies.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The Journal of Surgical Research},
	author = {Zhao, Zhe and Jing, Rufang and Shi, Zhan and Zhao, Bin and Ai, Quan and Xing, Gengyan},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23953895},
	keywords = {Aged, Arthralgia, Extracorporeal shockwave therapy, Female, High-Energy Shock Waves, Humans, Knee, Knee Joint, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Placebos, Prospective Studies, Recovery of Function, Rehabilitation, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {661--666}
}

@article{ganten_role_2013,
	title = {The role of perfusion effects in monitoring of chemoradiotherapy of rectal carcinoma using diffusion-weighted imaging},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1470-7330},
	doi = {10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0045},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize and understand the therapy-induced changes in diffusion parameters in rectal carcinoma under chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The current literature shows conflicting results in this regard. We applied the intravoxel incoherent motion model, which allows for the differentiation between diffusion (D) and perfusion (f) effects, to further elucidate potential underlying causes for these divergent reports.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with primary rectal carcinoma undergoing preoperative CRT were examined before, during, and after neoadjuvant CRT using diffusion-weighted imaging. Using the intravoxel incoherent motion approach, f and D were extracted and compared with postoperative tumor downstaging and volume.
RESULTS: Initial diffusion-derived parameters were within a narrow range (D1 = 0.94 ± 0.12 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s). At follow-up, D rose significantly (D2 = 1.18 ± 0.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P {\textless} 0.0001) and continued to increase significantly after CRT (D3 = 1.24 ± 0.14 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P {\textless} 0.0001). The perfusion fraction f did not change significantly (f1 = 9.4 ± 2.0\%, f2 = 9.4 ± 1.7\%, f3 = 9.5 ± 2.7\%). Mean volume (V) decreased significantly (V1 = 16,992 ± 13,083 mm(3); V2 = 12,793 ± 8317 mm(3), V3 = 9718 ± 6154 mm(3)). T-downstaging (10:18 patients) showed no significant correlation with diffusion-derived parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: Conflicting results in the literature considering apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in rectal carcinoma under CRT for patients showing T-downstaging are unlikely to be due to perfusion effects. Our data support the view that under effective therapy, an increase in D/ADC can be observed.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Cancer Imaging: The Official Publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society},
	author = {Ganten, Maria-Katharina and Schuessler, Maximilian and Bäuerle, Tobias and Muenter, Marc and Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter and Jensen, Alexandra and Brand, Karsten and Dueck, Margret and Dinkel, Julien and Kopp-Schneider, Annette and Maier-Hein*, Klaus and Stieltjes, Bram},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemoradiotherapy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rectal Neoplasms, Tumor Burden},
	pages = {548--556}
}

@article{walker_risk_2013,
	title = {Risk of uterine cancer in symptomatic women in primary care: case-control study using electronic records},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1478-5242},
	shorttitle = {Risk of uterine cancer in symptomatic women in primary care},
	doi = {10.3399/bjgp13X671632},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women in the UK, with approximately 7700 new diagnoses and 1700 deaths annually.
AIM: To identify and quantify features of uterine cancer in primary care.
DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study using electronic primary care records in primary care in the UK.
METHOD: Putative features of uterine cancer were identified in the year before diagnosis, and odds ratios (ORs) calculated using conditional logistic regression. Positive predictive values (PPVs) were calculated for women who consulted.
RESULTS: A total of 2732 women aged ≥40 years with uterine cancer between 2000 and 2009, and 9537 age-, sex- and practice-matched controls were selected from the General Practice Research Database. The median age at diagnosis was 67 years. Nine features were significantly associated with uterine cancer: postmenopausal bleeding (OR = 160; 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 100 to 240), excessive vaginal bleeding (OR = 22; 95\% CI = 12 to 42), irregular menstruation (OR = 42; 95\% CI = 27 to -63), vaginal discharge (OR = 14; 95\% CI = 10 to 21), haematuria (OR = 8.7; 95\% CI = 5.0 to 15), abdominal pain (OR = 2.0; 95\% CI = 1.4 to 2.8), low haemoglobin (OR = 2.1; 95\% CI = 1.5 to 2.9), raised platelets (OR = 1.5; 95\% CI = 1.0 to 2.3), and raised glucose (OR = 1.4; 95\% CI = 1.1 to 1.8); all P{\textless}0.01, other than raised platelets, P = 0.05 and raised glucose, P = 0.02. In the year before diagnosis, 1725 (63\%) cases had a record of abnormal vaginal bleeding compared to 135 (1\%) controls. The PPV of uterine cancer with postmenopausal bleeding was 4\%, and was higher in women with multiple or repeated symptoms.
CONCLUSION: This study confirms the importance of several features, particularly postmenopausal bleeding, for uterine cancer. Haematuria is an important risk marker. The results of this study may inform GPs in the selection of women for investigation and should assist the NICE in their update of GP referral guidance.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {614},
	journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
	author = {Walker, Sarah and Hyde, Chris and Hamilton, William},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23998845},
	pmcid = {PMC3750804},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Case-Control Studies, Early Detection of Cancer, Electronic Health Records, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Risk Assessment, Uterine Hemorrhage, Uterine Neoplasms, Vaginal Discharge},
	pages = {e643--648}
}

@article{chopra_factors_2013,
	title = {Factors associated with primary hip arthroplasty after hip fracture},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1936-2692},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine patient, clinical, and hospital factors associated with receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in the United States.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Hospital discharge records with a principal diagnosis of hip fracture and primary hip arthroplasty or no surgery were identified from the 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample data set of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Patient (age, sex, race, income, payer), clinical (comorbidities, severity, fracture type), hospital (region, location, teaching status, bed size, ownership), and outcome (receipt of THA or HA) variables were extracted and weighted for the analyses. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted and significance was set at P {\textless} .05.
RESULTS: A total of 92,861, 15,489, and 9863 discharges occurred for HA, no surgery, and THA, respectively. Compared with no surgery, THA or HA was significantly more likely in patients who were aged {\textgreater} 50 years, white, and female; had {\textgreater} \$39,000 income; lived in a medium-metro or noncore county; had comorbidities (anemia, hypertension); and had intracapsular fracture. THA or HA was significantly more likely in urban, privately owned hospitals with {\textgreater} 249 beds. Compared with no surgery, THA was significantly more likely in nonteaching hospitals, the Northeast region, and in private insurance or self-pay patients with moderate to severe fractures; HA was more likely in teaching hospitals, in the South and West, and in Medicare patients with minor fractures.
CONCLUSIONS: Similarities and differences in patient, clinical, and hospital factors associated with surgical treatments of hip fracture warrant the attention of providers and payers.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The American Journal of Managed Care},
	author = {Chopra, Ishveen and Kamal, Kahlid M. and Sankaranarayanan, Jayashri and Kanyongo, Gibbs},
	month = mar,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, hip fractures},
	pages = {e74--84}
}

@article{
 title = {An environmental scan of an aged care workplace using the PARiHS model: assessing preparedness for change},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged, 80 and over,Focus Groups,Homes for the Aged/organization & administration/s,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Organizational Culture,Organizational Innovation,Patient Care Team,Workplace},
 pages = {293-303},
 volume = {21},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
 city = {Research and Development Unit, Helping Hand Aged Inc Care, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. hgibb@helpinghand.org.au},
 id = {3a4428f8-5de6-3767-8fb4-6836305e2b86},
 created = {2016-08-21T22:18:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {ID: 68477; CI: (c) 2012; JID: 9306050; 2012/06/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {cf78c658-6722-4a88-93c6-6a86fb55df05},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {AIM: The environmental scan aimed to deepen our understanding of the aged care work culture and to ascertain the readiness of the workers to advance towards team-based quality care provision. BACKGROUND: The workplace context was a high-care unit within a large residential aged care facility. METHODS: We used the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework to assess workplace readiness via interviews, individual surveys and observation of practice. RESULTS: A profile of current culture emerged as mutually supportive and task focused, but at the same time lacking corporate team features of shared decision-making and feedback for practice improvement. However, latent within the frontline leaders and personal care staff, there was evidence of some embedded knowledge and capacity for corporate team performance. CONCLUSIONS: This study has validated an evidence-based method for conducting environmental scanning in aged care, recommended before any major change is introduced. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Environmental scanning helps gauge workforce capacity and limitations; this information can enable managers to capitalize on identified cultural strengths to fortify change and avoid pitfalls of personal and collective vulnerabilities.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gibb, H},
 journal = {Journal of nursing management},
 number = {2}
}

@article{lapi_androgen_2013,
	title = {Androgen deprivation therapy and risk of acute kidney injury in patients with prostate cancer},
	volume = {310},
	issn = {1538-3598},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2013.8638},
	abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer has been shown to delay the clinical progression of the disease. However, the testosterone suppression associated with this therapy may lead to a hypogonadal condition that can have detrimental effects on renal function, thus raising the hypothesis that ADT-induced hypogonadism could potentially lead to acute kidney injury (AKI).
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of ADT is associated with an increased risk of AKI in patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer.
DESIGN AND SETTING: A nested case-control analysis using medical information extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episodes Statistics database.
PARTICIPANTS: Men newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2008, were selected and followed up until December 31, 2009. Cases were patients with incident AKI during follow-up who were randomly matched with up to 20 controls on age, calendar year of prostate cancer diagnosis, and duration of follow-up.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95\% CIs of AKI associated with the use of ADT. ADT was categorized into 1 of 6 mutually exclusive groups: gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, oral antiandrogens, combined androgen blockade, bilateral orchiectomy, estrogens, and combination of the above. RESULTS A total of 10,250 patients met the study inclusion criteria. During a mean follow-up of 4.1 (SD, 2.9) years, 232 incident cases of AKI were identified (rate, 5.5/1000 person-years). Overall, current use of any ADT was associated with an increased risk of AKI when compared with never use (OR, 2.48 [95\% CI, 1.61-3.82]), generating a rate difference of 4.43/1000 persons per year (95\% CI, 1.54-7.33). This association was mainly driven by a combined androgen blockade consisting of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with oral antiandrogens (OR, 4.50 [95\% CI, 2.61-7.78]), estrogens (OR, 4.00 [95\% CI, 1.06-15.03]), other combination therapies (OR, 4.04 [95\% CI, 1.88-8.69]), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (OR, 1.93 [95\% CI, 1.20-3.10]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic prostate cancer, the use of ADT was significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI. These findings require replication in other well-designed studies as well as further investigation of their clinical importance.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {JAMA},
	author = {Lapi, Francesco and Azoulay, Laurent and Niazi, M. Tamim and Yin, Hui and Benayoun, Serge and Suissa, Samy},
	month = jul,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23860987},
	keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Androgen Antagonists, Case-Control Studies, Estrogens, Follow-Up Studies, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Orchiectomy, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk},
	pages = {289--296}
}

@article{becker_metformin_2013,
	title = {Metformin and the risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control analysis},
	volume = {129},
	issn = {1095-6859},
	shorttitle = {Metformin and the risk of endometrial cancer},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.03.009},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk of endometrial cancer in relation to metformin and other antidiabetic drugs.
METHODS: We conducted a case-control analysis to explore the association between use of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs and the risk of endometrial cancer using the UK-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Cases were women with an incident diagnosis of endometrial cancer, and up to 6 controls per case were matched in age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active history in the GPRD prior to the index date. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95\% confidence intervals (95\% CI) were calculated and results were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression analyses for BMI, smoking, a recorded diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and diabetes duration.
RESULTS: A total of 2554 cases with incident endometrial cancer and 15,324 matched controls were identified. Ever use of metformin compared to never use of metformin was not associated with an altered risk of endometrial cancer (adj. OR 0.86, 95\% CI 0.63-1.18). Stratified by exposure duration, neither long-term (≥25 prescriptions) use of metformin (adj. OR 0.79, 95\% CI 0.54-1.17), nor long-term use of sulfonylureas (adj. OR 0.96, 95\% CI 0.65-1.44), thiazolidinediones (≥15 prescriptions; adj. OR 1.22, 95\% CI 0.67-2.21), or insulin (adj. OR 1.05 (0.79-1.82) was associated with the risk of endometrial cancer.
CONCLUSION: Use of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs were not associated with an altered risk of endometrial cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Gynecologic Oncology},
	author = {Becker, Claudia and Jick, Susan S. and Meier, Christoph R. and Bodmer, Michael},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23523618},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Endometrial Neoplasms, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Logistic Models, Metformin, Middle Aged, incidence},
	pages = {565--569}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Emergency laparotomy in octogenarians: A 5-year study of morbidity and mortality.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {aged,laparotomy,mor-,perioperative care},
 pages = {216-21},
 volume = {5},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3715657&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {7},
 day = {27},
 id = {8b9571cd-41db-319b-b2ee-910149e8e0d6},
 created = {2014-10-14T09:23:23.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-10-08},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {341834ae-df6e-3305-9ea5-95d94ce15292},
 group_id = {62784a9e-1455-39bf-ae63-5ef2a147689e},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T15:15:44.505Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {AIM: To determine the morbidity and mortality associated with emergency laparotomy for a clinically acute abdomen in patients aged ≥ 80 years.

METHODS: In this retrospective audit, octogenarians undergoing emergency laparotomy between 1st January 2005 and 1(st) January 2010 were identified using the Galaxy Theatre System. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery through groin crease incisions or Lanz or Gridiron incisions were excluded. Also simple appendectomies were excluded. All patients were aged 80 years or more at the time of their surgery. Data were obtained using casenote review with a standardised proforma to determine patient age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, indications for surgery, early (within 30 d) and late (after 30 d) complications, mortality and length of stay. Data were inserted into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed.

RESULTS: One hundred patients were identified from the database (Galaxy) as having undergone emergency laparotomy. Of those, 55 underwent the procedure for intestinal procedures and 37 for secondary peritonitis. There was a 2:1 female predominance; average age 85 and ASA grade 3. Bowel resection was required in 51 out of the 100 patients and 22 (43%) died. Other procedures included appendicectomy, adhesiolysis, repair of AAA graft leak and colostomies for the pathological process resulting in an acute abdomen. Twelve of 100 patients (12%) suffered intra-operative complications, including splenic and bowel-serosal tears. Seventy patients (70%) had postoperative complications including myocardial infarction, wound infection, haematoma and sepsis. Overall mortality was 45/100 patients (45%). The major causes of death were sepsis (19/45 patients, 42%), underlying cancer (13/45 patients, 29%); with others including bowel obstruction (2/45 patients, 4%), myocardial and intestinal ischaemia and dementia.

CONCLUSION: Emergency laparotomy in octogenarians carries a significant morbidity and mortality. In particular, surgery requiring bowel resection has higher mortality than without resection.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Green, Gemma and Shaikh, Irshad and Fernandes, Roland and Wegstapel, Henk},
 journal = {World journal of gastrointestinal surgery},
 number = {7}
}

@article{looker_lumbar_2012-1,
	title = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area: {United} {States}, 2005-2008},
	issn = {0083-1980},
	shorttitle = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008.
METHODS: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means.
RESULTS: Among scanned individuals, 11\% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4\% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6\% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9\%-10\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4\% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8\%-17\% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60\%-15\% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5\%-13\% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {251},
	journal = {Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey},
	author = {Looker, Anne C. and Borrud, Lori G. and Hughes, Jeffery P. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A. and Melton, L. Joseph},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {24261130},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Child, Ethnic Groups, Female, Femur, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
	pages = {1--132}
}

@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
	title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
	volume = {167},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22564022},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
	pages = {598--605}
}

@article{fuchs_icu_2012,
	title = {{ICU} admission characteristics and mortality rates among elderly and very elderly patients},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {1432-1238},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-012-2629-6},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The effect of advanced age per se versus severity of chronic and acute diseases on the short- and long-term survival of older patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear.
METHODS: Intensive care unit admissions to the surgical ICU and medical ICU of patients older than 65 years were analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups: 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and above. The primary endpoints were 28-day and 1-year mortality.
RESULTS: The analysis focused on 7,265 patients above the age of 65, representing 45.7 \% of the total ICU population. From the first to third age group there was increased prevalence of heart failure (25.9-40.3 \%), cardiac arrhythmia (24.6-43.5 \%), and valvular heart disease (7.5-15.8 \%). There was reduced prevalence of diabetes complications (7.5-2.4 \%), alcohol abuse (4.1-0.6 \%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (24.4-17.4 \%), and liver failure (5.0-1.0 \%). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, sequential organ failure assessment, do not resuscitate, and Elixhauser score found that patients from the second and third age group had odds ratios of 1.38 [95 \% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.59] and 1.53 (95 \% CI 1.29-1.81) for 28-day mortality as compared with the first age group. Cox regression analysis for 1-year mortality in all populations and in 28-day survivors showed the same trend.
CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of elderly patients from the total ICU population is high. With advancing age, the proportion of various preexisting comorbidities and the primary reason for ICU admission change. Advanced age should be regarded as a significant independent risk factor for mortality, especially for ICU patients older than 75.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Fuchs, Lior and Chronaki, Catherine E. and Park, Shinhyuk and Novack, Victor and Baumfeld, Yael and Scott, Daniel and McLennan, Stuart and Talmor, Daniel and Celi, Leo},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22797350},
	pmcid = {PMC5718912},
	keywords = {Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Critical Care, Demography, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Admission, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis},
	pages = {1654--1661}
}

@article{kimura_clinical_2012,
	title = {Clinical characteristics of patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema compared to patients with pure polymyalgia rheumatica},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0315-162X},
	doi = {10.3899/jrheum.110558},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical features of patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) and patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and to explore the purported association between RS3PE and malignancy.
METHODS: We did a retrospective chart review of patients with RS3PE and PMR treated in a community-based hospital between January 2000 and December 2009. Outcomes assessed were clinical course of disease and associated malignancies.
RESULTS: We identified 28 patients with RS3PE and 123 with pure PMR. All patients with RS3PE fulfilled PMR criteria as well. Age, comorbidity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, duration and progression of symptoms, treatment response to initial low-dose steroids, and steroid complication rates were similar in both groups. Patients with RS3PE were more likely to be male (79\% vs 41\%; p = 0.001) and to have a history of smoking (39\% vs 15\%; p = 0.008) and a higher rate of depression (11\% vs 2\%; p = 0.044) at diagnosis. Among those with RS3PE, hip pain was less common (39\% vs 74\%; p = 0.001) than in the PMR group. No patients with RS3PE and 6 patients with pure PMR (4.9\%) developed another rheumatological disease during followup. Seven of 9 patients (78\%) with concurrent cancer presented slightly more frequently with systemic symptoms compared to patients without cancer (48\%; p = 0.098), especially with fatigue (56\% vs 22\%; p = 0.037) and anorexia (33\% vs 9.0\%; p = 0.047). Despite rigorous cancer screening in patients with RS3PE, however, the rate of associated malignancy was not statistically different from that of patients with pure PMR [2 (7\%) vs 7 (6\%), respectively; p = 0.673].
CONCLUSION: Despite evidence that RS3PE is clinically distinct from PMR, we observed characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes like those expected in pure PMR. Compared to patients with pure PMR, patients with RS3PE are more likely to be male, to be depressed, and to smoke. Contrary to earlier studies, no clear association of RS3PE with malignancy was found despite rigorous cancer screening, although clinicians should be aware that patients with concurrent cancer may manifest more systemic signs and symptoms, as well as steroid resistance.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Journal of Rheumatology},
	author = {Kimura, Makiko and Tokuda, Yasuharu and Oshiawa, Hideto and Yoshida, Kazuki and Utsunomiya, Masako and Kobayashi, Tatsuo and Deshpande, Gautam A. and Matsui, Kazuo and Kishimoto, Mitsumasa},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22174210},
	keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Diagnosis, Differential, Disease Progression, Edema, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Retrospective Studies, Synovitis},
	pages = {148--153}
}

@article{oconnor_combinatorial_2012,
	title = {Combinatorial pharmacogenetic interactions of bucindolol and β1, α2C adrenergic receptor polymorphisms},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0044324},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetics involves complex interactions of gene products affecting pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, but there is little information on the interaction of multiple genetic modifiers of drug response. Bucindolol is a β-blocker/sympatholytic agent whose efficacy is modulated by polymorphisms in the primary target (β(1) adrenergic receptor [AR] Arg389 Gly on cardiac myocytes) and a secondary target modifier (α(2C) AR Ins [wild-type (Wt)] 322-325 deletion [Del] on cardiac adrenergic neurons). The major allele homozygotes and minor allele carriers of each polymorphism are respectively associated with efficacy enhancement and loss, creating the possibility for genotype combination interactions that can be measured by clinical trial methodology.
METHODOLOGY: In a 1,040 patient substudy of a bucindolol vs. placebo heart failure clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that combinations of β(1)389 and α(2C)322-325 polymorphisms are additive for both efficacy enhancement and loss. Additionally, norepinephrine (NE) affinity for β(1)389 AR variants was measured in human explanted left ventricles.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The combination of β(1)389 Arg+α(2C)322-325 Wt major allele homozygotes (47\% of the trial population) was non-additive for efficacy enhancement across six clinical endpoints, with an average efficacy increase of 1.70-fold vs. 2.32-fold in β(1)389 Arg homozygotes+α(2C)322-325 Del minor allele carriers. In contrast, the minor allele carrier combination (13\% subset) exhibited additive efficacy loss. These disparate effects are likely due to the higher proportion (42\% vs. 8.7\%, P = 0.009) of high-affinity NE binding sites in β(1)389 Arg vs. Gly ARs, which converts α(2C)Del minor allele-associated NE lowering from a therapeutic liability to a benefit.
CONCLUSIONS: On combination, the two sets of AR polymorphisms 1) influenced bucindolol efficacy seemingly unpredictably but consistent with their pharmacologic interactions, and 2) identified subpopulations with enhanced (β(1)389 Arg homozygotes), intermediate (β(1)389 Gly carriers+α(2C)322-325 Wt homozygotes), and no (β(1)389 Gly carriers+α(2C)322-325 Del carriers) efficacy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {PloS One},
	author = {O'Connor, Christopher M. and Fiuzat, Mona and Carson, Peter E. and Anand, Inder S. and Plehn, Jonathan F. and Gottlieb, Stephen S. and Silver, Marc A. and Lindenfeld, JoAnn and Miller, Alan B. and White, Michel and Walsh, Ryan and Nelson, Penny and Medway, Allen and Davis, Gordon and Robertson, Alastair D. and Port, J. David and Carr, James and Murphy, Guinevere A. and Lazzeroni, Laura C. and Abraham, William T. and Liggett, Stephen B. and Bristow, Michael R.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23071495},
	pmcid = {PMC3468617},
	keywords = {Adrenergic beta-Antagonists, Adult, Aged, Female, Heart Failure, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine, Pharmacogenetics, Polymorphism, Genetic, Propanolamines, Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1},
	pages = {e44324}
}

@article{kelly_london_2011,
	title = {The {London} low emission zone baseline study},
	issn = {1041-5505},
	abstract = {On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5\% to 10\% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {163},
	journal = {Research Report (Health Effects Institute)},
	author = {Kelly, Frank and Armstrong, Ben and Atkinson, Richard and Anderson, H. Ross and Barratt, Ben and Beevers, Sean and Cook, Derek and Green, Dave and Derwent, Dick and Mudway, Ian and Wilkinson, Paul and {HEI Health Review Committee}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22315924},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Small-Area Analysis, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vehicle Emissions, Young Adult},
	pages = {3--79}
}

@article{ mcelhaney_influenza_2011,
  title = {Influenza vaccine responses in older adults},
  volume = {10},
  issn = {1872-9649},
  doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.008},
  abstract = {The most profound consequences of immune senescence with respect to public health are the increased susceptibility to influenza and loss of efficacy of the current split-virus influenza vaccines in older adults, which are otherwise very effective in younger populations. Influenza infection is associated with high rates of complicated illness including pneumonia, heart attacks and strokes in the 65+ population. Changes in both innate and adaptive immune function not only converge in the reduced response to vaccination and protection against influenza, but present significant challenges to new vaccine development. In older adults, the goal of vaccination is more realistically targeted to providing clinical protection against disease rather sterilizing immunity. Correlates of clinical protection may not be measured using standard techniques such as antibody titres to predict vaccine efficacy. Further, antibody responses to vaccination as a correlate of protection may fail to detect important changes in cellular immunity and enhanced vaccine-mediated protection against influenza illness in older people. This article will discuss the impact of influenza in older adults, immunologic targets for improved efficacy of the vaccines, and alternative correlates of clinical protection against influenza that are needed for more effective translation of novel vaccination strategies to improved protection against influenza in older adults.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Ageing Research Reviews},
  author = {McElhaney, Janet E.},
  month = {July},
  year = {2011},
  pmid = {21055484},
  pmcid = {PMC3061971},
  keywords = {Adaptive Immunity, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, T-Lymphocytes, Treatment Outcome},
  pages = {379--388}
}

@article{humes_concurrent_2011,
	title = {Concurrent drug use and the risk of perforated colonic diverticular disease: a population-based case-control study},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {1468-3288},
	shorttitle = {Concurrent drug use and the risk of perforated colonic diverticular disease},
	doi = {10.1136/gut.2010.217281},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of diverticular perforation associated with current and ever use of corticosteroids, opiate analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, statins and calcium antagonists.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control analysis using conditional logistic regression analysis of data from the UK General Practice Research Database. The study involved 899 cases of incident diverticular perforation and 8980 population controls from 1990 to 2005.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) are presented for perforation associated with use of corticosteroids, opiate analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, statins and calcium antagonists. Data were adjusted for smoking, comorbidity, prior abdominal pain and body mass index.
RESULTS: A total of 899 patients with an incident diagnosis of perforated diverticular disease were identified. Current use of opiate analgesics (OR=2.16; 95\% CI 1.55 to 3.01) and oral corticosteroids (OR=2.74; 95\% CI 1.63 to 4.61) was associated with a two- and threefold increase in the risk of diverticular perforation, respectively. Current use of a calcium antagonist and aspirin were not associated with an increased risk of diverticular perforation. Current statin use was associated with a reduction in the risk of perforation (OR=0.44; 95\% CI 0.20 to 0.95).
CONCLUSION: Perforated diverticular disease is a serious surgical emergency with current opiate analgesics and oral corticosteroids being strongly associated with an increased risk of diverticular perforation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Gut},
	author = {Humes, David J. and Fleming, Kate M. and Spiller, Robin C. and West, Joe},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {20940283},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cardiovascular Agents, Comorbidity, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Diverticulum, Colon, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Glucocorticoids, Great Britain, Humans, Intestinal Perforation, Male, Middle Aged},
	pages = {219--224}
}

@article{filion_thiazolidinediones_2011,
	title = {Thiazolidinediones and the risk of incident congestive heart failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.2165},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clinical trials suggest that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) may increase the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF). However, their effect on the risk of incident CHF in unselected populations has not been thoroughly investigated.
METHODS: Using data from the UK's General Practice Research Database, we conducted a case-control study within a population-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Cases were identified by a clinical diagnosis of incident CHF and were then classified as possible or probable cases using prescription data. A 90-day drug exposure window was used in the primary analysis, which compared patients prescribed TZDs with those with no prescriptions for anti-diabetic medications.
RESULTS: We identified 3405 incident cases (2632 probable and 773 possible) of CHF and 32,042 corresponding controls. TZDs were prescribed in 6.4\% of cases and 6.3\% of controls. Prescription of TZDs was associated with an increased rate of possible or probable CHF (adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 1.24, 95\% CI = 1.01, 1.54 and adjusted RR = 1.24, 95\% CI = 0.98, 1.58, respectively). Similar results were obtained when using a 180-day exposure window (RR = 1.38, 95\% CI = 1.11, 1.72 and RR = 1.44, 95\% CI = 1.12, 1.84, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Given the totality of the evidence from this and previous studies, the probability of an increased risk for CHF with these agents remains high. However, any increase in CHF risk associated with TZDs may be lower than previously reported.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Filion, Kristian B. and Joseph, Lawrence and Boivin, Jean-François and Suissa, Samy and Brophy, James M.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21671441},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Databases, Factual, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Great Britain, Heart Failure, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Thiazolidinediones},
	pages = {785--796}
}

@article{persell_changes_2011,
	title = {Changes in performance after implementation of a multifaceted electronic-health-record-based quality improvement system},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1537-1948},
	doi = {10.1097/MLR.0b013e318202913d},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Electronic health record (EHR) systems have the potential to revolutionize quality improvement (QI) methods by enhancing quality measurement and integrating multiple proven QI strategies.
OBJECTIVES: To implement and evaluate a multifaceted QI intervention using EHR tools to improve quality measurement (including capture of contraindications and patient refusals), make point-of-care reminders more accurate, and provide more valid and responsive clinician feedback (including lists of patients not receiving essential medications) for 16 chronic disease and preventive service measures.
DESIGN: Time series analysis at a large internal medicine practice using a commercial EHR.
SUBJECTS: All adult patients eligible for each measure (range approximately 100-7500).
MEASURES: The proportion of eligible patients who satisfied each measure after removing those with exceptions from the denominator.
RESULTS: During the year before the intervention, performance improved significantly for 8 measures. During the year after the intervention, performance improved significantly for 14 measures. For 9 measures, the primary outcome improved more rapidly during the intervention year than during the previous year (P {\textless} 0.001 for 8 measures, P = 0.02 for 1). Four other measures improved at rates that were not significantly different from the previous year. Improvements resulted from increases in patients receiving the service, documentation of exceptions, or a combination of both. For 5 drug-prescribing measures, more than half of physicians achieved 100\% performance.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a multifaceted QI intervention using EHR tools to improve quality measurement and the accuracy and timeliness of clinician feedback improved performance and/or accelerated the rate of improvement for multiple measures simultaneously.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Medical Care},
	author = {Persell, Stephen D. and Kaiser, Darren and Dolan, Nancy C. and Andrews, Beth and Levi, Sue and Khandekar, Janardan and Gavagan, Thomas and Thompson, Jason A. and Friesema, Elisha M. and Baker, David W.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21178789},
	keywords = {Aged, Chicago, Coronary Disease, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, Diabetes Mellitus, Documentation, Drug Prescriptions, Electronic Health Records, Female, Heart Failure, Humans, Internal Medicine, Linear Models, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Physician's Practice Patterns, Point-of-Care Systems, Program Evaluation, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Reminder Systems, Total Quality Management},
	pages = {117--125}
}

@article{vinogradova_exposure_2011,
	title = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer: nested case-control studies},
	volume = {105},
	issn = {1532-1827},
	shorttitle = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer},
	doi = {10.1038/bjc.2011.252},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors are widely used as analgesics and it is unclear whether its long-term use affects cancer risk.
METHODS: A series of nested case-control studies using the QResearch primary care database. Associations of COX2 inhibitor use with risk of all cancers and 10 common site-specific cancers were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and statins.
RESULTS: A total of 88,125 cancers, diagnosed between 1998 and 2008, matched with up to five controls, were analysed. Use of COX2 inhibitors for more than a year was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.42) and haematological malignancies (OR 1.38, 95\% CI 1.12-1.69) and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 0.76, 95\% CI 0.63-0.92). There were no other significant associations.
CONCLUSION: Prolonged use of COX2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of breast and haematological cancers and decreased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings need to be confirmed using other data sources.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	author = {Vinogradova, Y. and Coupland, C. and Hippisley-Cox, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21750557},
	pmcid = {PMC3172909},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors},
	pages = {452--459}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{zhang_amoxicillin/clavulanic_2011,
	title = {Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction: a randomized controlled trial},
	volume = {71},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	shorttitle = {Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-warfarin drug interaction},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040543/},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03824.x},
	abstract = {AIMS
To investigate whether an interaction exists between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (amoxiclav) and warfarin in patients treated with stable oral anticoagulant therapy.

METHODS
In a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study, 12 patients on stable warfarin therapy, received a 7 day amoxiclav regimen or placebo.

RESULTS
The mean maximum increase in INR observed was 0.22 ± 0.3 with amoxiclav vs. 0.24 ± 0.6 with placebo (P= 0.94). The day 7–day 1 factor II, R(–) and S(–) warfarin plasma concentrations were similar during the amoxiclav and placebo study periods (P= 0.81, P= 0.45, P= 0.75, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Amoxiclav did not modify anticoagulation in patients treated with stable warfarin therapy and without infection.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2014-06-25TZ},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Zhang, Qian and Simoneau, Guy and Verstuyft, Celine and Drouet, Ludovic and dit Sollier, Claire Bal and Alvarez, Jean-Claude and Rizzo-Padoin, Nathalie and Bergmann, Jean Francois and Becquemont, Laurent and Mouly, Stephane},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21219403},
	pmcid = {PMC3040543},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anticoagulants, Blood Coagulation, Cross-Over Studies, Double-Blind Method, Drug Interactions, Female, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Male, Middle Aged, Prothrombin, Warfarin, Young Adult},
	pages = {232--236}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Advancing the argument for validity of the Alberta Context Tool with healthcare aides in residential long-term care},
 type = {article},
 year = {2011},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Alberta Context Tool (ACT)},
 pages = {107},
 volume = {11},
 websites = {http://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2288-11-107},
 month = {12},
 day = {18},
 id = {6cfd6b22-8bd6-344d-a565-9bf88fb1e055},
 created = {2018-01-17T18:09:46.350Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {369acd69-1fe7-313d-821e-cb7bbe1ddab2},
 group_id = {c58111b6-6088-3a92-94c9-4742fdd13d6f},
 last_modified = {2018-01-23T15:59:04.281Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Estabrooks2011g},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Organizational context has the potential to influence the use of new knowledge. However, despite advances in understanding the theoretical base of organizational context, its measurement has not been adequately addressed, limiting our ability to quantify and assess context in healthcare settings and thus, advance development of contextual interventions to improve patient care. We developed the Alberta Context Tool (the ACT) to address this concern. It consists of 58 items representing 10 modifiable contextual concepts. We reported the initial validation of the ACT in 2009. This paper presents the second stage of the psychometric validation of the ACT.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Estabrooks, Carole A and Squires, Janet E and Hayduk, Leslie A and Cummings, Greta G and Norton, Peter G},
 journal = {BMC Medical Research Methodology}
}

@article{kuy_age_2011,
	title = {Age matters: a study of clinical and economic outcomes following cholecystectomy in elderly {Americans}},
	volume = {201},
	issn = {1879-1883},
	shorttitle = {Age matters},
	doi = {10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.04.018},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease increases with age. The aims of this study were to measure short-term outcomes from cholecystectomy in hospitalized elderly patients, assess the effect of age, and identify predictors of outcomes.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis, using the Health Care Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999-2006), of elderly patients (aged 65-79 and ≥80 years) and a comparison group (aged 50-64 years) hospitalized for cholecystectomy. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate age and outcome relationships. Main outcomes were in-hospital mortality, complications, discharge disposition, mean length of stay, and cost.
RESULTS: A total of 149,855 patients aged 65 to 79 years, 62,561 patients aged ≥ 80 years, and 145,675 subjects aged 50 to 64 years were included. Elderly patients had multiple biliary diagnoses and longer times to surgery from admission and underwent more open procedures. Patients aged 65 to 79 years and those aged ≥80 years had higher adjusted odds of mortality (odds ratios [ORs], 2.36 and 5.91, respectively), complications (ORs, 1.57 and 2.39), nonroutine discharge (ORs, 3.02 and 10.76), longer length of stay (ORs, 1.11 and 1.31), and higher cost (ORs, 1.09 and 1.22) than younger patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients undergoing inpatient cholecystectomy have complex disease, with worse outcomes. Longer time from admission to surgery predicts poor outcome.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {6},
	journal = {American Journal of Surgery},
	author = {Kuy, Sreyram and Sosa, Julie Ann and Roman, Sanziana A. and Desai, Rani and Rosenthal, Ronnie A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholecystectomy, Cost of Illness, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gallbladder Diseases, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Survival Rate, United States},
	pages = {789--796}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_individualising_2010,
	title = {Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in {England} and {Wales}: population-based cohort study},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {1468-201X},
	shorttitle = {Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in {England} and {Wales}},
	doi = {10.1136/hrt.2010.199034},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate risk algorithms so that the risks of four clinical outcomes associated with statin use can be estimated for individual patients.
DESIGN: Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from 368 QResearch general practices in England and Wales to develop the scores. The scores were validated using two separate sets of practices-188 separate QResearch practices and 364 practices contributing to the THIN database.
SUBJECTS: In the QResearch derivation cohort 225 922 new users of statins and 1 778 770 non-users of statins were studied. In the QResearch validation cohort 118 372 statin users and 877 812 non-users of statins were studied. In the THIN validation cohort, we studied 282 056 statin users and 1 923 840 non-users of statins were studied.
METHODS: Cox proportional hazards models in the derivation cohort to derive risk equations. Measures of calibration and discrimination in both validation cohorts.
OUTCOMES: 5-Year risk of moderate/serious myopathic events; moderate/serious liver dysfunction; acute renal failure and cataract.
RESULTS: The performance of three of the risk prediction algorithms in the THIN cohort was very good. For example, in women, the algorithm for moderate/serious myopathy explained 42.15\% of the variation. The corresponding D statistics was 1.75. The acute renal failure algorithm explained 59.62\% of the variation (D statistic=2.49). The cataract algorithm explained 59.14\% of the variation (D statistic=2.46). The algorithms to predict moderate/severe liver dysfunction only explained 15.55\% of the variation (D statistics=0.89). The performance of each algorithm was similar for both sexes when tested on the QResearch validation cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: The algorithms to predict acute renal failure, moderate/serious myopathy and cataract could be used to identify patients at increased risk of these adverse effects enabling patients to be monitored more closely. Further research is needed to develop a better algorithm to predict liver dysfunction.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Heart (British Cardiac Society)},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Coupland, Carol},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20489220},
	keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Body Mass Index, Cataract, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, England, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Muscular Diseases, Wales},
	pages = {939--947}
}

@article{fan_does_2010,
	title = {Does standardized {BMD} still remove differences between {Hologic} and {GE}-{Lunar} state-of-the-art {DXA} systems?},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1433-2965},
	doi = {10.1007/s00198-009-1062-3},
	abstract = {The standardized bone mineral density (sBMD) values, derived using universal standardized equations, were shown to be equivalent within 1.0\% for hip but significantly different for spine for state-of-art fan-beam dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Hologic and GE-Lunar systems. Spine L1-L4 and L2-L4 sBMD mean differences between the two systems were 0.042 g/cm(2) (4.1\%) and 0.035 g/cm(2) (3.2\%), respectively.
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to validate the 1994 pencil-beam DXA "universal standardization equations" for state-of-the-art fan-beam DXA systems.
METHODS: The spine and bilateral femurs of 87 postmenopausal women were scanned on both Hologic Delphi and GE-Lunar Prodigy DXA systems at three different clinical centers. The scans were analyzed using Hologic Apex and GE-Lunar EnCore software. The BMD results were converted to sBMD using the equations previously developed. Linear regression analysis was used to describe the relationship of the two systems' BMD results. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the differences in measures.
RESULTS: The Apex and Prodigy sBMD values were highly correlated (r ranged from 0.92 to 0.98). Spine L1-L4 and L2-L4 sBMD values had significant intercepts and slopes for Bland-Altman regression, with mean differences of 0.042 g/cm(2) (4.1\%) and 0.035 g/cm(2) (3.2\%), respectively. The total hip and neck sBMD showed no significant intercept and slope, except left total sBMD had a significant difference between the two systems of 0.009 g/cm(2) (1.0\%).
CONCLUSIONS: The sBMD values were shown to be equivalent within 1.0\% for hip but were significantly different for spine on the two systems. Biases may persist in pooled sBMD data from different manufacturers, and further study is necessary to determine the cause.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
	author = {Fan, B. and Lu, Y. and Genant, H. and Fuerst, T. and Shepherd, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {19859644},
	pmcid = {PMC2906746},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Female, Femur Neck, Hip Joint, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results},
	pages = {1227--1236}
}

@article{mehta_patients_2010,
	title = {Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: cohort study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1522-9645},
	shorttitle = {Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality},
	doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehp567},
	abstract = {AIMS: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory T-helper cell-1/17 mediated skin disease. Recent studies suggest that psoriasis, particularly if severe, may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We conducted a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to determine if severe psoriasis patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Severe psoriasis was defined as patients who received a psoriasis diagnosis and systemic therapy consistent with severe psoriasis (n = 3603). Up to four unexposed patients without psoriasis were selected from the same practices and start dates for each psoriasis patient (n = 14 330). For every death, the cause was determined by review of the electronic medical record. Severe psoriasis was an independent risk factor for CV mortality (HR 1.57; 95\% CI 1.26, 1.96) when adjusting for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. Overall, severe psoriasis patients experienced one extra CV death per 283 patients per year, even when adjusting for major CV risk factors. The relative risk of CV mortality was modified by age. For example, the RR of CV death for a 40-year-old and 60-year-old with severe psoriasis was 2.69 (1.45, 4.99) and 1.92 (1.41, 2.62), respectively. The findings were robust to multiple sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION: Patients with severe psoriasis have an increased risk of CV mortality that is independent of traditional CV risk factors. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of this association and the impact that control of psoriasis has on CV risk.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {European Heart Journal},
	author = {Mehta, Nehal N. and Azfar, Rahat S. and Shin, Daniel B. and Neimann, Andrea L. and Troxel, Andrea B. and Gelfand, Joel M.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20037179},
	pmcid = {PMC2894736},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dermatologic Agents, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psoriasis, Risk Factors, incidence},
	pages = {1000--1006}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Traffic-related air pollution and blood pressure in elderly subjects with coronary artery disease.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Blood Pressure,Blood Pressure: drug effects,Blood Pressure: physiology,Coronary Artery Disease,Environmental Exposure,Environmental Exposure: adverse effects,Environmental Exposure: analysis,Female,Humans,Los Angeles,Male,Monitoring, Ambulatory,Vehicle Emissions,Vehicle Emissions: analysis,Vehicle Emissions: toxicity},
 pages = {396-404},
 volume = {21},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20335815},
 month = {5},
 institution = {Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA. rdelfino@uci.edu},
 id = {01e147e5-41ed-3ae1-b25a-37200eaf1f36},
 created = {2014-06-01T21:16:03.000Z},
 accessed = {2013-05-26},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {9edae5ec-3a23-3830-8934-2c27bef6ccbe},
 group_id = {63e349d6-2c70-3938-9e67-2f6483f6cbab},
 last_modified = {2014-11-19T06:03:46.000Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Associations between blood pressure (BP) and ambient air pollution have been inconsistent. No studies have used ambulatory BP monitoring and outdoor home air-pollutant measurements with time-activity-location data. We address these gaps in a study of 64 elderly subjects with coronary artery disease, living in retirement communities in the Los Angeles basin. METHODS: Subjects were followed up for 10 days with hourly waking ambulatory BP monitoring (n = 6539 total measurements), hourly electronic diaries for perceived exertion and location, and real-time activity monitors (actigraphs). We measured hourly outdoor home pollutant gases, particle number, PM2.5, organic carbon, and black carbon. Data were analyzed with mixed models controlling for temperature, posture, actigraph activity, hour, community, and season. RESULTS: We found positive associations of systolic and diastolic BP with air pollutants. The strongest associations were with organic carbon (especially its estimated fossil-fuel- combustion fraction), multiday average exposures, and time periods when subjects were at home. An interquartile increase in 5-day average organic carbon (5.2 microg/m) was associated with 8.2 mm Hg higher mean systolic BP (95% confidence interval = 3.0-13.4) and 5.8 mm Hg higher mean diastolic BP (3.0-8.6). Associations of BP with 1-8 hour average air pollution were stronger with reports of moderate to strenuous physical exertion but not with higher actigraph motion. Associations were also stronger among 12 obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to primary organic components of fossil fuel combustion near the home were strongly associated with increased ambulatory BP in a population at potential risk of heart attack. Low fitness or obesity may increase the effects of pollutants.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Delfino, Ralph J and Tjoa, Thomas and Gillen, Daniel L and Staimer, Norbert and Polidori, Andrea and Arhami, Mohammad and Jamner, Larry and Sioutas, Constantinos and Longhurst, John},
 journal = {Epidemiology Cambridge Mass},
 number = {3}
}

@article{ mclean_muslim_2010,
  title = {Muslim women and medical students in the clinical encounter},
  volume = {44},
  issn = {1365-2923},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03599.x},
  abstract = {{CONTEXT}: Increasingly, male medical students report being refused by female patients, particularly in obstetrics and gynaecology, which is impacting on recruitment into the discipline. However, little has been documented in terms of Muslim patients and medical students in the clinical consultation.
{METHODS}: Female Emirati nationals (n = 218) attending out-patient clinics at a public hospital in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates ({UAE}), were interviewed by medical students. Participants were provided with four hypothetical clinical scenarios (three personal, one concerning a pre-pubertal child) and asked whether they would allow male and female students to be present at a consultation, take a history or perform an examination. They were also canvassed about their past experiences with medical students and their social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors.
{RESULTS}: Significant differences were recorded in terms of female versus male student involvement for all activities (P {\textless} 0.05-0.0005). For gynaecological and abdominal problems, patients would generally refuse male students. More than 50% of interviewees would not allow a male student to examine their face. Students of either gender could, however, examine their 8-year-old child. Although 47% of the women had had previous clinical encounters with students, in only 58% of consultations had the attending doctor asked their permission. Despite this, the women had generally felt comfortable, although satisfaction decreased with increasing age (P = 0.088). Almost 90% of the women believed that Emiratis had a social responsibility to contribute towards the training of Emirati doctors, but this decreased with increasing income (P = 0.004).
{CONCLUSIONS}: As many medical students will encounter Muslim patients during their training, they need to be sensitive to religious and cultural issues, particularly for personal examinations. In contexts where most patients are Muslim, alternative options (e.g. manikins, international rotations) may be required for male students. In the {UAE}, patient education may improve history-taking opportunities but will probably not transcend religious and cultural beliefs without intervention from religious leaders.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Medical education},
  author = {McLean, Michelle and Al Ahbabi, Salma and Al Ameri, Mouza and Al Mansoori, Muneera and Al Yahyaei, Fatima and Bernsen, Roos},
  month = {March},
  year = {2010},
  pmid = {20444062},
  keywords = {Abdomen, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Choice Behavior, Education, Medical, Face, Female, Gynecology, Humans, Islam, Male, Middle Aged, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Social Responsibility, Students, Medical, United Arab Emirates, Young Adult},
  pages = {306--315}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {8364c8e1-57a1-3484-94df-1bd37d5d7010},
 title = {Nonlinear measure of synchrony between blood oxygen saturation and heart rate from nocturnal pulse oximetry in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Data Interpretation, Statistical,Entropy,Female,Heart Rate,Heart Rate: physiology,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Nonlinear Dynamics,Oximetry,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Polysomnography,ROC Curve,Reproducibility of Results,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: blood,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: physiopathology,Young Adult},
 created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
 pages = {967-82},
 volume = {30},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696463},
 month = {9},
 accessed = {2010-08-14},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
 group_id = {ba0deb47-e19a-3151-83cc-b6262d5edb6e},
 last_modified = {2014-07-19T19:17:42.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Alvarez2009b},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"5adc2c25-73db-4b77-aed2-d32a75858a27"},
 abstract = {This study focuses on analysis of the relationship between changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and heart rate (HR) recordings from nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) in patients suspected of suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. Two different analyses were developed: a classical frequency analysis based on the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) and a nonlinear analysis by means of a recently developed measure of synchrony, the cross-approximate entropy (cross-ApEn). A data set of 187 subjects was studied. We found significantly higher correlation and synchrony between oximetry signals from OSA positive patients compared with OSA negative subjects. We assessed the diagnostic ability to detect OSA syndrome of both the classical and nonlinear approaches by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with tenfold cross-validation. The nonlinear measure of synchrony significantly improved the results obtained with classical MSC: 69.2% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity and 78.1% accuracy were reached with MSC, whereas 83.7% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity and 84.0% accuracy were obtained with cross-ApEn. Our results suggest that the use of nonlinear measures of synchrony could provide essential information from oximetry signals, which cannot be obtained with classical spectral analysis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alvarez, D and Hornero, R and Abásolo, D and del Campo, F and Zamarrón, C and López, M},
 journal = {Physiological measurement},
 number = {9}
}

@article{watts_prevalence_2009,
	title = {Prevalence and incidence of {Wegener}'s granulomatosis in the {UK} general practice research database},
	volume = {61},
	issn = {0004-3591},
	doi = {10.1002/art.24544},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. The UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD) contains the complete primary care records of approximately 3.6 million people. There are no data on the incidence and prevalence of WG from primary care. The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of WG in the GPRD population.
METHODS: We identified all patients who had a first diagnosis of WG during 1990-2005, using Oxford Information System and Read codes. The diagnosis was verified by review of a randomly selected sample of 35 records that had identifying data removed. The annual incidence was calculated as the number of incident cases divided by the total person-years.
RESULTS: A total of 295 patients (51.2\% male) with a first diagnosis of WG were identified during 1990-2005. The median age was 59 years (interquartile range 47-70 years). The overall annual incidence of WG was 8.4 per million (95\% confidence interval [95\% CI] 7.5-9.4). The annual rate in women and men was 8.1 per million (95\% CI 6.8-9.6), and 8.8 per million (95\% CI 7.4-10.3), respectively. The incidence was stable throughout the study period. There was an increase in the annual prevalence from 28.8 per million in 1990 to 64.8 per million in 2005. The diagnosis was verified in 28 of 31 available case records.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study of the incidence and prevalence of WG in a database from a primary care population. The results are similar to previous studies from secondary and tertiary care and suggest that these studies are representative of the general population. The increasing prevalence with a constant incidence suggests that survival is improving with modern treatment protocols.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
	author = {Watts, Richard A. and Al-Taiar, Abdullah and Scott, David G. I. and Macgregor, Alex J.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19790134},
	keywords = {Aged, Databases, Factual, Female, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Primary Health Care, incidence},
	pages = {1412--1416}
}

@article{cummings_prevention_2009,
	title = {Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {1460-2105},
	shorttitle = {Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women},
	doi = {10.1093/jnci/djp018},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether evidence supports routinely estimating a postmenopausal woman's risk of breast cancer and intervening to reduce risk.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed prospective studies about models and sex hormone levels to assess breast cancer risk and used meta-analysis with random effects models to summarize the predictive accuracy of breast density. We also reviewed prospective studies of the effects of exercise, weight management, healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake on breast cancer risk, and used random effects models for a meta-analyses of tamoxifen and raloxifene for primary prevention of breast cancer. All studies reviewed were published before June 2008, and all statistical tests were two-sided.
RESULTS: Risk models that are based on demographic characteristics and medical history had modest discriminatory accuracy for estimating breast cancer risk (c-statistics range = 0.58-0.63). Breast density was strongly associated with breast cancer (relative risk [RR] = 4.03, 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10 to 5.26, for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV vs category I; RR = 4.20, 95\% CI = 3.61 to 4.89, for {\textgreater}75\% vs {\textless}5\% of dense area), and adding breast density to models improved discriminatory accuracy (c-statistics range = 0.63-0.66). Estradiol was also associated with breast cancer (RR range = 2.0-2.9, comparing the highest vs lowest quintile of estradiol, P {\textless} .01). Most studies found that exercise, weight reduction, low-fat diet, and reduced alcohol intake were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. Tamoxifen and raloxifene reduced the risk of estrogen receptor-positive invasive breast cancer and invasive breast cancer overall.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this study supports screening for breast cancer risk in all postmenopausal women by use of risk factors and breast density and considering chemoprevention for those found to be at high risk. Several lifestyle changes with the potential to prevent breast cancer should be recommended regardless of risk.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
	author = {Cummings, Steven R. and Tice, Jeffrey A. and Bauer, Scott and Browner, Warren S. and Cuzick, Jack and Ziv, Elad and Vogel, Victor and Shepherd, John and Vachon, Celine and Smith-Bindman, Rebecca and Kerlikowske, Karla},
	month = mar,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19276457},
	pmcid = {PMC2720698},
	keywords = {Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Odds Ratio, Postmenopause, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Raloxifene Hydrochloride, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Tamoxifen},
	pages = {384--398}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {MRI of hippocampal volume loss in early Alzheimer's disease in relation to ApoE genotype and biomarkers},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alzheimer Disease/genetics/*pathology/psychology,Amyloid beta-Protein/cerebrospinal fluid,Apolipoproteins E/*genetics,Biological Markers/cerebrospinal fluid,Cognition Disorders/etiology,Disease Progression,Female,Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Genotype,Hippocampus/*pathology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods,Male,Peptide Fragments/cerebrospinal fluid,Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales,Sample Size},
 pages = {1067-1077},
 volume = {132},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19251758},
 edition = {2009/03/03},
 id = {61a4bbcd-3b8f-34b8-a3c7-c58df58db770},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:55.655Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:55.771Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 language = {eng},
 notes = {<m:note>Schuff, N<m:linebreak/>Woerner, N<m:linebreak/>Boreta, L<m:linebreak/>Kornfield, T<m:linebreak/>Shaw, L M<m:linebreak/>Trojanowski, J Q<m:linebreak/>Thompson, P M<m:linebreak/>Jack, C R Jr<m:linebreak/>Weiner, M W<m:linebreak/>Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative<m:linebreak/>U01 AG024904-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>Multicenter Study<m:linebreak/>Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>Brain : a journal of neurology<m:linebreak/>awp007<m:linebreak/>Brain. 2009 Apr;132(Pt 4):1067-77. Epub 2009 Feb 27.</m:note>},
 abstract = {Hippocampal volume change over time, measured with MRI, has huge potential as a marker for Alzheimer's disease. The objectives of this study were: (i) to test if constant and accelerated hippocampal loss can be detected in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and normal ageing over short periods, e.g. 6-12 months, with MRI in the large multicentre setting of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); (ii) to determine the extent to which the polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene modulates hippocampal change; and (iii) to determine if rates of hippocampal loss correlate with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, such as the beta-amyloid (Abeta(1-42)) and tau proteins (tau). The MRI multicentre study included 112 cognitive normal elderly individuals, 226 mild cognitive impairment and 96 Alzheimer's disease patients who all had at least three successive MRI scans, involving 47 different imaging centres. The mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease groups showed hippocampal volume loss over 6 months and accelerated loss over 1 year. Moreover, increased rates of hippocampal loss were associated with presence of the ApoE allele epsilon4 gene in Alzheimer's disease and lower CSF Abeta(1-42) in mild cognitive impairment, irrespective of ApoE genotype, whereas relations with tau were only trends. The power to measure hippocampal change was improved by exploiting correlations statistically between successive MRI observations. The demonstration of considerable hippocampal loss in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients over only 6 months and accelerated loss over 12 months illustrates the power of MRI to track morphological brain changes over time in a large multisite setting. Furthermore, the relations between faster hippocampal loss in the presence of ApoE allele epsilon4 and decreased CSF Abeta(1-42) supports the concept that increased hippocampal loss is an indicator of Alzheimer's disease pathology and a potential marker for the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schuff, N and Woerner, N and Boreta, L and Kornfield, T and Shaw, L M and Trojanowski, J Q and Thompson, P M and Jack  Jr., C R and Weiner, M W},
 journal = {Brain},
 number = {Pt 4}
}

@article{setakis_changes_2008,
	title = {Changes in the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors after the 2004 withdrawal of rofecoxib},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0004-3591},
	doi = {10.1002/art.23925},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of rofecoxib withdrawal on the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors.
METHODS: The General Practice Research Database was used to identify patients age {\textgreater} or =18 years who were prescribed a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Various patient characteristics were noted at the start of therapy: age, sex, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-related risk factors for upper gastrointestinal (GI) events, and the Framingham risk score for cardiovascular disease. Logistic regression was used to compare patients using selective COX-2 inhibitors before and after September 2004.
RESULT: The study population included 171,645 patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors. The number of users substantially increased over time until September 2004 and sharply declined thereafter. Approximately 80\% stopped selective COX-2 inhibitor therapy within 6 months. Patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors after September 2004 were younger and included more men compared with those receiving therapy before September 2004. There was no change before and after September 2004 in the proportion of patients with GI risk factors or high Framingham risk scores, after adjustment for age and sex. A correlation was found between presence of GI risk factors and high Framingham risk scores. Only 20\% of patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors had GI risk factors but low Framingham risk score, which did not change after September 2004.
CONCLUSION: There was no channeling in the usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors toward patients with a high risk of GI and low risk of cardiovascular disease following the withdrawal of rofecoxib.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
	author = {Setakis, E. and Leufkens, H. G. M. and van Staa, T. P.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18668614},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Great Britain, Humans, Lactones, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Rheumatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Sulfones, incidence},
	pages = {1105--1111}
}

@article{annweiler_association_2008,
	title = {Association of angiitis of central nervous system, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and {Alzheimer}'s disease: report of an autopsy case},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1178-2048},
	shorttitle = {Association of angiitis of central nervous system, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and {Alzheimer}'s disease},
	abstract = {The association of angiitis of central nervous system (ACNS) with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) suggests a physiopathological relationship between these two affections. Few cases are reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We describe here a clinicopathological case associating ACNS, CAA, and AD. We discuss the aetiology of ACNS and its relationship with cerebral deposition of beta A4 amyloid protein (betaA4).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Vascular Health and Risk Management},
	author = {Annweiler, Cédric and Paccalin, Marc and Berrut, Gilles and Hommet, Caroline and Lavigne, Christian and Saint-André, Jean-Paul and Beauchet, Olivier},
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {19337561},
	pmcid = {PMC2663463},
	keywords = {Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Autopsy, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Vasculitis, Central Nervous System},
	pages = {1471--1474}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {1.4T study of proton magnetic relaxation rates, iron concentrations, and plaque burden in Alzheimer's disease and control postmortem brain tissue},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Brain Chemistry,*Plaque,*Senile Plaques,80 and over,Aged,Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism/*pathology,Amyloid,Female,Humans,Iron/*analysis,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods,Male},
 pages = {41-52},
 volume = {60},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18523986},
 id = {2e510ac5-7c59-3b6b-8c1b-12dc1cf30bca},
 created = {2016-09-21T08:35:05.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {5d250c3e-485a-3099-8087-b35242bd2203},
 group_id = {a9625e9e-5a77-317b-ab12-c1d6dcc9ef27},
 last_modified = {2016-09-25T08:31:21.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {House2008},
 abstract = {We measured proton magnetic longitudinal (R(1)) and transverse (R(2)) relaxation rates at 1.4T, iron concentrations, water contents, and amyloid plaque densities in postmortem brain tissue samples from three Alzheimer's disease (AD), two possible AD, and five control subjects. Iron concentrations and R(1) were significantly higher in the temporal cortex region of our AD group compared to the controls. Frequency analyses showed that the observed trends of higher iron, R(1), and R(2) in AD gray matter regions were statistically significant. Simple regression models indicated that for AD and control gray matter the iron concentrations and water contents have significant linear correlations with R(1) and R(2). Multiple regression models based on iron concentrations and water contents were highly significant for all groups and tissue types and suggested that the effects of iron become more important in determining R(1) and R(2) in the AD samples. At 1.4T R(1) and R(2) are strongly affected by water content and to a lesser extent by variations in iron concentrations. The AD plaque density did not correlate with iron concentrations, water contents, R(1), or R(2), suggesting that increases in AD brain iron are not strongly related to the accumulation of amyloid plaques.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {House, M J and St Pierre, T G and McLean, C},
 journal = {Magn Reson Med},
 number = {1}
}

@article{kaye_proton_2008,
	title = {Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of hip fractures in patients without major risk factors},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	doi = {10.1592/phco.28.8.951},
	abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative risk of hip fracture associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in a population without major risk factors.
DESIGN: A two-phase, matched, nested case-control study.
DATA SOURCE: United Kingdom General Practice Research Database (GPRD).
PATIENTS: Phase 1 identified 4414 case patients (aged 50-79 yrs) with an incident hip fracture between 1995 and 2005 who had at least 2 years of recorded history in the GPRD; each case was matched by age, sex, and index date (date of first-time hip fracture for cases, same date for matched controls) to up to 10 controls who did not have hip fracture. Phase 2 included the 1098 case patients identified as having no major medical risk factors for hip fracture (as assessed in phase 1) and a new set of 10,923 controls without major risk factors for hip fracture matched by sex, age, index date, and duration of history in the GPRD.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In phase 1, we identified major medical risk factors for hip fracture. In phase 2, we restricted the study to case patients with none of these risk factors and matched them to new controls, who also had none of the risk factors. Data on use of PPIs were collected and compared between the groups. The relative risk (RR) for hip fracture among patients who received any PPI prescription was 0.9 (95\% confidence interval 0.7-1.1) compared with those with no PPI prescription. We found no evidence of an increased risk of hip fracture with increased PPI use. The RR estimates were similar in both sexes and in all age subgroups. No specific PPI was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.
CONCLUSION: Use of PPIs does not increase the risk of hip fracture in patients without major risk factors. The difference in results between our study and that of another, which indicated that PPI use increases the risk of hip fracture, may be due to residual confounding or effect modification in the latter study.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Kaye, James A. and Jick, Hershel},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18657011},
	keywords = {Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Risk Factors},
	pages = {951--959}
}

@Article{Takasu_2008_782,
  author = {Takasu, J. and Katz, R. and Nasir, K. and Carr, J. J. and Wong, N. and Detrano, R. and Budoff, M. J.},
 journal = {American Heart Journal},
 number = {4},
 pages = {765-71},
 title = {Relationships of thoracic aortic wall calcification to cardiovascular risk factors: {T}he {M}ulti-{E}thnic {S}tudy of {A}therosclerosis ({MESA})},
 volume = {155},
 year = {2008},
 keywords = {African, Americans, Age, Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80, and, over, Aorta, Thoracic, Aortic, Diseases/, ethnology, Calcinosis/, ethnology, Cardiovascular, Diseases, China/ethnology, Cross-Sectional, Studies, European, Continental, Ancestry, Group, Female, Hispanic, Americans, Humans, Logistic, Models, Male, Middle, Aged, Prevalence, Risk, Factors, Sex, Distribution, United, States/epidemiology},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Relationships of thoracic aortic wall calcification to cardiovascular risk factors The MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis MESA}
}

@article{ hommet_atypical_2007,
  title = {Atypical neuropsychiatric symptoms revealing Hashimoto's encephalopathy},
  volume = {55},
  issn = {0002-8614},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01219.x},
  language = {eng},
  number = {7},
  journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
  author = {Hommet, Caroline and Mondon, Karl and Huc, Melina and Jeffredo, Sophie and Constans, Thierry and de Toffol, Bertrand and Camus, Vincent},
  month = {July},
  year = {2007},
  pmid = {17608897},
  keywords = {Aged, Brain Diseases, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucocorticoids, Hashimoto Disease, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prednisolone, Psychotic Disorders},
  pages = {1144--1146}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_risk_2007,
	title = {Risk of malignancy in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: nested case-control study},
	volume = {64},
	issn = {1538-3636},
	shorttitle = {Risk of malignancy in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder},
	doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.12.1368},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: There is conflicting evidence on whether people with schizophrenia have a different risk of cancer from that of the general population.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of 6 common cancers in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
DESIGN: Population-based, nested, case-control study.
SETTING: A total of 454 practices contributing to the QRESEARCH general practice database.
PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed 40,441 incident cases of 6 cancers (breast, colon, rectal, gastroesophageal, prostate, and respiratory) and up to 5 controls per case matched by single year of age, sex, general practice, and calendar time.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) for cancer risk associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, adjusting for smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and prescribed medications, including antipsychotics.
RESULTS: For breast cancer, we identified 10,535/50,074 cases/controls; colon cancer, 5108/24,458; rectal cancer, 3248/15,552; gastroesophageal cancer, 3854/18,477; prostate cancer, 10,190/48,748; and respiratory cancer, 7506/35,981. After adjustment, patients with schizophrenia had a 190\% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 2.90; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.85-4.57), a marginal increased breast cancer risk (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95\% CI, 1.10-2.11), and a 47\% decreased respiratory cancer risk (adjusted OR, 0.53, 95\% CI, 0.34-0.85). Patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics had a 308\% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95\% CI, 2.43-6.84). Patients with bipolar disorder had cancer risks similar to patients with neither condition after adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia have a significantly higher risk of colon cancer and a lower risk of respiratory cancer compared with patients without schizophrenia after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, the risks of cancer in patients with and without bipolar disorder are similar, suggesting that residual confounding is unlikely to explain the findings. The increased risk of colon cancer is particularly marked in patients with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Vinogradova, Yana and Coupland, Carol and Parker, Chris},
	month = dec,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {18056544},
	keywords = {Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Breast Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Demography, Drug Therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Prevalence, Prostatic Neoplasms, Rectal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, incidence},
	pages = {1368--1376}
}

@article{fox_prevalence_2006,
	title = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database: {A} series of retrospective analyses of data from 1998 through 2002},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0149-2918},
	shorttitle = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.03.005},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the mid-1990s, the development of new oral antidiabetic agents (OAs) and treatment guidelines have created an opportunity to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of good and inadequate glycemic control across a 5-year period among patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom. It also investigated the factors associated with achieving glycemic targets.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of data from the General Practice Research Database. Three limits were used to assess glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): 6.5\%, 7.0\%, or 7.5\%. Values above the cutoffs indicated inadequate control of HbA1c; those at or below the cutoffs indicated good control. The study evaluated clinical and pharmacy data from the years 1998 to 2002 for patients with type 2 diabetes, {\textgreater} or =2 years of follow-up, and {\textgreater} or =2 HbA1c measurements during the first year. Five independent cross-sectional analyses were conducted, grouping data by year. Statistical significance was determined by Student t and chi2 tests.
RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 10,663 patients aged 17 to 98 years. The number of total eligible type 2 diabetes patients increased over the course of the study period: 5674 patients in 1998, 6553 in 1999, 7314 in 2000, 7323 in 2001, and 6192 in 2002. Overall, the study population had a mean (SD) age of 66 (11.0) years, was 53\% male (3033/5674), and had a body mass index of 29 kg/m(2). Seventy-six percent of patients had HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\% and 37\% were taking {\textgreater} or =2 oral agents. In 1998 and 2002, 79\% (4482/5674) and 76\% (4732/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate glycemic control, defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\%. When defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.5\%, 69\% (3923/5674) and 62\% (3814/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate control. Finally, when defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}6.5\%, 88\% (5011/5674) of patients in both 1998 and 2002 had inadequate control. Compared with patients with good disease control (HbA1c {\textless} or =7.0\%), patients with inadequate control were approximately 2 years younger (P {\textless} 0.001) and had been prescribed more OAs: 41\% received {\textgreater} or =2 OAs in 1998 and 52\% in 2002, compared with 23\% and 34\% (both, P = 0.001), respectively, of patients with good glycemic control (P {\textless} 0.02). Sex, number of diabetes complications, and number of comorbidities did not differ between groups (P = NS).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the introduction of new OAs and treatment guidelines, the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control remains high ({\textgreater}60\%) in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom. Regardless of the HbA1c cutoff, patients with inadequate control were younger and received prescriptions for more OAs than patients with good control.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Therapeutics},
	author = {Fox, Kathleen M. and Gerber Pharmd, Robert A. and Bolinder, Bjorn and Chen, Jack and Kumar, Sanjaya},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16750453},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, databases as topic},
	pages = {388--395}
}

@article{shepherd_comparison_2006,
	title = {Comparison of {BMD} precision for {Prodigy} and {Delphi} spine and femur scans},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0937-941X},
	doi = {10.1007/s00198-006-0127-9},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Precision error in bone mineral density (BMD) measurement can be affected by patient positioning, variations in scan analysis, automation of software, and both short- and long-term fluctuations of the densitometry equipment. Minimization and characterization of these errors is essential for reliable assessment of BMD change over time.
METHODS: We compared the short-term precision error of two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices: the Lunar Prodigy (GE Healthcare) and the Delphi (Hologic). Both are fan-beam DXA devices predominantly used to measure BMD of the spine and proximal femur. In this study, 87 women (mean age 61.6+/-8.9 years) were measured in duplicate, with repositioning, on both systems, at one of three clinical centers. The technologists were International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) certified and followed manufacturer-recommended procedures. All scans were acquired using 30-s scan modes. Precision error was calculated as the root-mean-square standard deviation (RMS-SD) and coefficient of variation (RMS-\%CV) for the repeated measurements. Right and left femora were evaluated individually and as a combined dual femur precision. Precision error of Prodigy and Delphi measurements at each measurement region was compared using an F test to determine significance of any observed differences.
RESULTS: While precision errors for both systems were low, Prodigy precision errors were significantly lower than Delphi at L1-L4 spine (1.0\% vs 1.2\%), total femur (0.9\% vs 1.3\%), femoral neck (1.5\% vs 1.9\%), and dual total femur (0.6\% vs 0.9\%). Dual femur modes decreased precision errors by approximately 25\% compared with single femur results.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that short-term BMD precision errors are skeletal-site and manufacturer specific. In clinical practice, precision should be considered when determining: (a) the minimum time interval between baseline and follow-up scans and (b) whether a statistically significant change in the patient's BMD has occurred.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
	author = {Shepherd, J. A. and Fan, B. and Lu, Y. and Lewiecki, E. M. and Miller, P. and Genant, H. K.},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16823544},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Female, Femur, Femur Neck, Hip Joint, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Postmenopause, Reproducibility of Results},
	pages = {1303--1308}
}

@Article{Rasouli_2006_906,
  author = {Rasouli, M.L. and Shavelle, D.M. and French, W.J. and McKay, C.R. and Budoff, M.J.},
 journal = {Coronary Artery Dispatch},
 note = {0954-6928 (Print) Clinical Trial Comparative Study Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
 number = {4},
 pages = {359-364},
 title = {Assessment of coronary plaque morphology by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography: {C}omparison with intravascular ultrasound},
 volume = {17},
 year = {2006},
 keywords = {Contrast, Media, Coronary, Angiography/*methods, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis/*radiography/*ultrasonography, Coronary, Vessels/pathology/ultrasonography, Female, Humans, Image, Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle, Aged, Tomography, X-Ray, Computed/*methods, Ultrasonography, Interventional/*methods},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Assessment of coronary plaque morphology by contrastenhanced computed tomographic angiography Comparison with intravascular ultrasound}
}

@article{hernan_nonsteroidal_2006,
	title = {Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the incidence of {Parkinson} disease},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {1526-632X},
	doi = {10.1212/01.wnl.0000204446.82823.28},
	abstract = {Animal and epidemiologic studies suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decrease the incidence of Parkinson disease (PD). The authors studied 1,258 PD cases and 6,638 controls from the General Practice Research Database. The odds ratios (95\% CI) for ever vs never use were 0.93 (0.80 to 1.08) for nonaspirin NSAIDs, 1.29 (1.05 to 1.58) for aspirin, and 1.16 (1.00 to 1.35) for acetaminophen. Nonaspirin NSAID use was associated with a higher risk in women and a lower risk in men.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Neurology},
	author = {Hernán, Miguel A. and Logroscino, Giancarlo and García Rodríguez, Luis A.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16606925},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Antiparkinson Agents, Aspirin, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Parkinson Disease, Sex Characteristics, Tremor, incidence},
	pages = {1097--1099}
}

@Article{Izgi_2006_862,
  author = {Izgi, C. and Cevik, C. and Basbayraktar, F.},
 journal = {International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging},
 number = {3-4},
 pages = {543-545},
 title = {Caseous calcification and liquefaction of the mitral annulus: {A} diagnostic confounder},
 volume = {22},
 year = {2006},
 keywords = {Calcinosis/radiography/*ultrasonography, Diagnosis, Differential, Echocardiography, Doppler, Female, Heart, Valve, Diseases/radiography/*ultrasonography, Humans, Middle, Aged, Mitral, Valve/radiography/*ultrasonography, Necrosis, Tomography, X-Ray, Computed},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Caseous calcification and liquefaction of the mitral annulus A diagnostic confounder}
}

@article{latinovic_incidence_2006,
	title = {Incidence of common compressive neuropathies in primary care},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0022-3050},
	doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2005.066696},
	abstract = {Apart from carpal tunnel syndrome, there are no population based studies of the epidemiology of compressive neuropathies. To provide this information, new presentations of compressive neuropathies among patients registered with 253 general practices in the UK General Practice Research Database with 1.83 million patient years at risk in 2000 were analysed. The study revealed that in 2000 the annual age standardised rates per 100 000 of new presentations in primary care were: carpal tunnel syndrome, men 87.8/women 192.8; Morton's metatarsalgia, men 50.2/women 87.5; ulnar neuropathy, men 25.2/women 18.9; meralgia paraesthetica, men 10.7/women 13.2; and radial neuropathy, men 2.97/women 1.42. New presentations were most frequent at ages 55-64 years except for carpal tunnel syndrome, which was most frequent in women aged 45-54 years, and radial nerve palsy, which was most frequent in men aged 75-84 years. In 2000, operative treatment was undertaken for 31\% of new presentations of carpal tunnel syndrome, 3\% of Morton's metatarsalgia, and 30\% of ulnar neuropathy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry},
	author = {Latinovic, R. and Gulliford, M. C. and Hughes, R. a. C.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16421136},
	pmcid = {PMC2077603},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Metatarsalgia, Middle Aged, Nerve Compression Syndromes, Primary Health Care, Radial Neuropathy, Sex Factors, Ulnar Neuropathies, incidence},
	pages = {263--265}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Biological evidence for inheritance of exceptional longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*ethnology/*genetics,Alleles,Carrier Proteins/genetics,Case-Control Studies,Genotype,Glycoproteins/genetics,Homozygote,Humans,Lipids/metabolism,Lipoproteins, HDL/genetics/metabolism,Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics/metabolism,Longevity/*genetics,Phenotype,Polymorphism, Genetic,Valine/genetics},
 pages = {341-345},
 volume = {126},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15621216},
 id = {ac53ce7e-fc6c-35da-8438-be74b645fce9},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:30.857Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:31.024Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0047-6374<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Subjects with exceptional longevity have a lower incidence and/or significant delay in the onset of age-related disease, and their family members may inherit biological factors that modulate aging processes and disease susceptibility. In a case control study, we aim to determine phenotype and genotype of exceptional longevity in a genetically homogenous population (Ashkenazi Jews), and their offspring, while an age-matched control group of Ashkenazi Jews was used as control groups. We demonstrated that exceptional longevity and healthy aging in humans is an inherited phenotype across three generations. Moreover, we demonstrated that subjects with exceptional longevity and their offspring have significantly larger high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and particle sizes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels that reflect on their health and cognitive function performance. This phenotype have led us to study candidate genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, and to the implication of homozygosity for the 405 valine (V) allele of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). A markedly higher frequency of a functional CETP variant that led to increased particle sizes of HDL and LDL and thus a better health performance is the first example of a phenotype and an associated genotype in humans with exceptional longevity. Hopefully, this line of research will lead us to establish which genotype is necessary (although not necessary sufficient) for a prolonged disease-free aging.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Atzmon, G and Rincon, M and Rabizadeh, P and Barzilai, N},
 journal = {Mech Ageing Dev},
 number = {2}
}

@Article{Weber_2005_1074,
  author = {Weber, C. and Begemann, P. and Wedegartner, U. and Meinertz, T. and Adam, G.},
 journal = {Rofo},
 note = {1438-9029 (Print) Comparative Study English Abstract Journal Article},
 number = {1},
 pages = {50--9},
 title = {Calcium scoring and coronary angiography performed with multislice spiral CT - clinical experience},
 volume = {177},
 year = {2005},
 keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80, and, over, Calcinosis/diagnosis/*radiography, Chi-Square, Distribution, *Coronary, Angiography, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis/diagnosis/radiography, Coronary, Disease/diagnosis/*radiography, Coronary, Stenosis/diagnosis/radiography, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle, Aged, Prospective, Studies, Risk, Factors, Software, Tomography, Spiral, Computed/*methods},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Calcium scoring and coronary angiography performed with multislice spiral CT  clinical experience}
}

@article{kaye_antibiotics_2005,
	title = {Antibiotics and the risk of breast cancer},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1044-3983},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Two recent studies found a positive association between antibiotic use and the risk of breast cancer.
METHODS: Using information from the U.K. General Practice Research Database, we identified 1268 cases of incident breast cancer (40- to 79-year-old women diagnosed in 1987 to 2002 who had at least 6 years of history recorded in the General Practice Research Database) and 6291 female controls matched to the cases on age, general practice, and duration of history recorded in the General Practice Research Database. We ascertained antibiotic prescriptions (penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, metronidazole, and nitrofurantoin) recorded up to 1 year before the index date.
RESULTS: Odds ratios (95\% confidence intervals) of breast cancer for 0, 1-50, 51-100, 101-500, and 501 or more cumulative days of antibiotic use were 1.0 (reference), 1.0 (0.9-1.2), 0.9 (0.7-1.2), 0.9 (0.7-1.3), and 1.2 (0.6-2.4).
CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support the hypothesis that antibiotic use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)},
	author = {Kaye, James A. and Jick, Hershel},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {16135947},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Risk, incidence},
	pages = {688--690}
}

@article{fischer_discontinuation_2004,
	title = {Discontinuation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy and risk of acute myocardial infarction},
	volume = {164},
	issn = {0003-9926},
	doi = {10.1001/archinte.164.22.2472},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the effect of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of AMI has not yet been well defined. We therefore studied the risk of AMI during NSAID exposure and after the cessation of NSAID therapy.
METHODS: We conducted a large case-control analysis on the British General Practice Research Database. The study included 8688 cases with a first-time AMI between 1995 and 2001 and 33 923 controls, matched to cases on age, sex, calendar time, and general practice attended.
RESULTS: After adjusting for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute chest infection, body mass index, smoking, and aspirin use, the risk of AMI was 1.52 (95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.74) for subjects who stopped taking NSAIDs 1 to 29 days prior to the index date, compared with nonusers. The risk was highest in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus (adjusted OR, 3.68 [95\% CI, 2.36-5.74]) and for subjects who discontinued therapy with NSAIDs after previous long-term use (adjusted OR, 2.60 [95\% CI, 1.84-3.68]). Current and past NSAID use (discontinued therapy {\textgreater}/=60 days prior to the index date) were not associated with an increased risk of AMI (adjusted OR, 1.07 [95\% CI, 0.96-1.19] and 1.05 [95\% CI, 0.99-1.12], respectively).
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the risk of AMI is increased during several weeks after the cessation of NSAID therapy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {22},
	journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine},
	author = {Fischer, Lorenz M. and Schlienger, Raymond G. and Matter, Christian M. and Jick, Hershel and Meier, Christoph R.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15596638},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Female, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome},
	pages = {2472--2476}
}

@article{boyle_5-alpha_2004,
	title = {5-{Alpha} reductase inhibition provides superior benefits to alpha blockade by preventing {AUR} and {BPH}-related surgery},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {0302-2838},
	doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.012},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This analysis examines the relative effectiveness of current medical therapies for BPH in preventing AUR, AUR-related catheterisation and surgery in real-life clinical practice.
METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of observational data from the General Practice Research Database (UK) (GPRD). The cohort contains 4500 patients experiencing BPH or lower urinary tract symptoms strongly suggestive of BPH, aged over 50 years, who were prescribed a 5ARI (finasteride) or an alpha-blocker (alfuzosin, doxazosin, indoramin, prazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin) as their first BPH treatment between 1996 and 1999 inclusive. Cox regression and competing risks analyses, adjusted for age and year of first treatment, followed patients from the start of their first BPH treatment to AUR, catheterisation or surgery, or censoring.
RESULTS: Patients prescribed an alpha-blocker were significantly more likely to experience AUR (hazard ratio 2.32, 95\%CI 1.37, 3.94) or surgery (hazard ratio 1.78, 95\%CI 1.30, 2.44) than patients prescribed a 5ARI. These differences were sustained with sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION: Real-life clinical practice shows that significantly fewer BPH patients prescribed a 5ARI experienced serious complications associated with the progression of BPH compared with those prescribed an alpha-blocker.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {European Urology},
	author = {Boyle, P. and Roehrborn, C. and Harkaway, R. and Logie, J. and de la Rosette, J. and Emberton, M.},
	month = may,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15082205},
	keywords = {5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors, Acute Disease, Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Enzyme Inhibitors, Finasteride, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Urinary Retention},
	pages = {620--626; discussion 626--627}
}

@article{ camus_geriatric_2004,
  title = {Geriatric depression and vascular diseases: what are the links?},
  volume = {81},
  issn = {0165-0327},
  shorttitle = {Geriatric depression and vascular diseases},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2003.08.003},
  abstract = {{BACKGROUND}: The term "vascular depression" has been proposed to describe a subset of depressive disorders that occurs in old age as a consequence of cerebrovascular disease. However, depression has been shown to result from other cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart diseases, as well as to precipitate, worsen or precede vascular diseases. Depression also increases the likelihood of the incidence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes.
{AIMS}: To review clinical and epidemiological evidence linking geriatric depression and vascular diseases, and to discuss the potential mechanisms that could underlie this association.
{METHOD}: Systematic review of the literature of the last 5 years through Medline database search.
{RESULTS}: Papers report the following potential ways of association: (1) there is a direct influence of vascular disease, in particular, arteriosclerosis, on the incidence of depression; (2) depressive disorders have a direct impact on the cardiovascular system; (3) depression and vascular disease share either a common pathophysiological process or genetic determinants.
{DISCUSSION}: Depression can be understood as the direct consequence of brain damage in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's or Huntington's diseases. Similarly, vascular depression is mostly considered to be the consequence of microvascular lesions on prefrontal and subcortical regions. However, this functional neuroanatomical model offers no explanation for cases where depression has been shown to precede vascular diseases. Since cardiovascular diseases develop in a context of acquired environmental factors together with genetically determined disease, it may be postulated that geriatric depression could both result from brain lesions of vascular origin and also share some pathogenic or genetic determinants.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Journal of Affective Disorders},
  author = {Camus, Vincent and Kraehenbühl, Hélène and Preisig, Martin and Büla, Christophe J. and Waeber, Gérard},
  month = {July},
  year = {2004},
  pmid = {15183594},
  keywords = {Aged, Brain, Brain Ischemia, Comorbidity, Coronary Disease, Dementia, Vascular, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Statistics as Topic},
  pages = {1--16}
}

@article{morant_application_2004,
	title = {Application of a propensity score to adjust for channelling bias with {NSAIDs}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1053-8569},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.946},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare the relative risks of upper GI haemorrhage (UGIH) in users of Newer versus Older, non-specific NSAIDs when adjusted for channelling bias by regression on individual covariates, a propensity score and both.
METHODS: Cohort study of patients prescribed NSAIDs between June 1987 and January 2000. Exposure to Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs was identified, and risk factors evaluated for each patient. Results of multiple covariate analyses and the propensity scoring technique to assess potential channelling bias in comparisons between Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs were compared.
RESULTS: This study included 7.1 thousand patient years (tpy) exposure to meloxicam, 1.6 tpy exposure to coxibs, and 628 tpy exposure to Older non-specific NSAIDs. Patients receiving Newer NSAIDs were older, more likely to have a history of GI symptoms, and at higher risk for GI complications. Adjusting for these risk factors reduced the relative risks of UGIH on meloxicam and coxibs versus Older non-specific NSAIDs to 0.84 (95\%CI 0.60, 1.17) and 0.36 (0.14, 0.97) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Channelling towards high GI risk patients occurred in the prescribing of Newer NSAIDs. Propensity scores highlighted the markedly different risk profiles of users of Newer and Older non-specific NSAID. Correcting for channelling bias, coxib exposure, but not meloxicam exposure, was associated with less UGIH than Older non-specific NSAID exposure. In the present study, corrections made by regression on a propensity score and on individual covariates were similar.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Morant, S. V. and Pettitt, D. and MacDonald, T. M. and Burke, T. A. and Goldstein, J. L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15170763},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cohort Studies, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Utilization Review, Family Practice, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Thiazines, Thiazoles, pharmacoepidemiology},
	pages = {345--353}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Clinical phenotype of families with longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family Health,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/genetics,Case-Control Studies,Chronic Disease/*epidemiology,European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & n,Female,Humans,Israel/epidemiology,Jews/statistics & numerical data,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Matched-Pair Analysis,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Risk,Sex Factors,Statistics, Nonparametric,United States/epidemiology},
 pages = {274-277},
 volume = {52},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14728640},
 id = {269afc28-8f71-3cb1-91c4-4f7293ce8166},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.818Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.918Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0002-8614<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine whether offspring of centenarians acquired protection from age-related diseases. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The study was part of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Centenarians (n=145), offspring of centenarians (n=180), and spouses of the offspring of centenarians (n=75) as a control group. Two additional groups served as controls: age-matched Ashkenazi Jews, and an age-matched control group from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported family history of longevity; prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart attacks, and strokes; and objective measurements of body mass index and fat mass. RESULTS: Parents of centenarians (born in approximately 1870) had a markedly greater ( approximately sevenfold) "risk" for longevity (reaching ages 90-99), supporting the notion that genetics contributed to longevity in these families. The offspring of long-lived parents had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (by 23%), diabetes mellitus (by 50%), heart attacks (by 60%), and strokes (no events reported) than several age-matched control groups. CONCLUSION: Offspring of centenarians may inherit significantly better health. The authors suggest that a cohort of these subjects and their spouses is ideal to study the phenotype and genotype of longevity and its interaction with the environment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Atzmon, G and Schechter, C and Greiner, W and Davidson, D and Rennert, G and Barzilai, N},
 journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc},
 number = {2}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Genetic factors in longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Polymorphism,Aged,Apolipoproteins E/genetics,English Abstract,Environment,Genetic,Genetic Markers,Humans,Longevity/*genetics,Middle Aged,Twin Studies},
 pages = {365-369},
 volume = {32},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12712685},
 id = {362160a5-7ac7-38b4-a59b-5cbf995c24d1},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:48.429Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:48.541Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0755-4982<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {TO IDENTIFY THE GENETIC FACTORS: Family and twin studies showed that longevity results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Despite progress the performed made in the study of animal models highlighting some interesting metabolic pathways, characterization of genetic factors remains difficult in human beings. Two genetic approaches are currently available: association studies and sib-pair analyses. ASSOCIATION STUDIES: The first method is based on the comparison of polymorphism repartitions on candidate genes in two matched populations of old people and young controls. SIB-PAIR ANALYSES: The second requires genotyping of brothers and/or sisters on a set of highly polymorphic markers, in order to identify new candidate regions on the genome. APOE: Until now, the only gene that remains clearly associated with longevity is the Apolipoprotein E gene.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Blanche, H},
 journal = {Presse Med},
 number = {8}
}

@article{peyriere_adverse_2003,
	title = {Adverse drug events associated with hospital admission},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {1060-0280},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To increase the knowledge base on the frequency, causality, and avoidability of adverse drug events (ADEs) as a cause for admission in internal medicine or when occurring during hospitalization.
METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 6 periods of 8 days each. Epidemiologic data (e.g., age, gender, medical history), drug utilization, and adverse drug reactions on patients hospitalized during these periods were collected by a pharmacy student.
RESULTS: A total of 156 patients (70 men and 86 women) were included in the study. The patients' mean age +/- SD was 66.5 +/- 18.1 years and mean length of stay was 13.2 +/- 9 days. Renal and hepatic insufficiency and previous history of drug intolerance were observed in 17.9\%, 10.2\%, and 2\% of the hospitalized patients, respectively. Thirty-eight ADEs occurred in 32 patients; in 15 cases, ADEs were identified as the reason for admission, 10 cases occurred during hospitalization, and 13 cases were present at admission, but were not the cause of admission. The most frequent ADEs involved the neurologic (23.6\%), renal (15.7\%), and hematologic (13.1\%) systems. Among these 38 ADEs, 22 were considered avoidable (57.9\%); 20 of these were associated with therapeutic errors (inappropriate administration, drug-drug interactions, dosage error, drug not stopped despite the onset of ADEs). Patients with ADEs stayed longer in the hospital and took more drugs both before and during their hospital stay (p {\textless} 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the ADEs observed in this study were avoidable. The risk/benefit ratio of administered drugs could be improved with better knowledge of the patients' medical history and the risk factors of ADEs.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Annals of Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Peyriere, Hélène and Cassan, Stéphanie and Floutard, Edith and Riviere, Sophie and Blayac, Jean-Pierre and Hillaire-Buys, Dominique and Le Quellec, Alain and Hansel, Sylvie},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12503925},
	keywords = {Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Hypersensitivity, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Medication Errors, Middle Aged, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {5--11}
}

@Article{Nissen_2003_1268,
  author = {Nissen, S. E. and Tsunoda, T. and Tuzcu, E. M. and Schoenhagen, P. and Cooper, C. J. and Yasin, M. and Eaton, G. M. and Lauer, M. A. and Sheldon, W. S. and Grines, C. L. and Halpern, S. and Crowe, T. and Blankenship, J. C. and Kerensky, R.},
 journal = {Jama},
 note = {Clinical Trial Journal Article Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't United States the journal of the American Medical Association},
 number = {17},
 pages = {2292-300},
 title = {Effect of recombinant apoa-i milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: {A} randomized controlled trial},
 volume = {290},
 year = {2003},
 keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80, and, over, Angina, Unstable/*drug, therapy, Apolipoprotein, A-I/administration, &, dosage/*therapeutic, use, Coronary, Angiography, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis/*drug, therapy/physiopathology/ultrasonography, Double-Blind, Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle, Aged, Myocardial, Infarction/*drug, therapy, Phosphatidylcholines/administration, &, dosage/*therapeutic, use, Prospective, Studies, Ultrasonography, Interventional},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Effect of recombinant ApoAI Milano on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes A randomized controlled trial}
}

@article{jochimsen_late-onset_2003,
	title = {Late-onset cytomegalovirus reactivation in critically ill renal transplant patients.},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0041-1337 0041-1337},
	doi = {10.1097/01.TP.0000075091.80548.5B},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurs frequently in the first months after renal transplantation. However, reports concerning long-term kidney  transplant recipients are rare and have always pertained to symptomatic CMV disease. METHODS: We report four cases of late-onset asymptomatic CMV reactivation in critically ill renal transplant patients who suffered from severe bacterial infections and in whom CMV antigenemia was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CMV reactivation in these patients might indicate an additional disturbance in the patients' immune defenses at the time of critical illness, possibly even necessitating a temporary reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. Prospective, controlled trials are needed to define the role of CMV antigenemia in critically ill patients, including the role of antiviral therapy for asymptomatic reactivations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Transplantation},
	author = {Jochimsen, Friederike and Westhoff, Timm and Engelmann, Elisabeth and Schafer, Jurgen-Heiner and Offermann, Gerd and Zidek, Walter},
	month = jul,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12883206},
	keywords = {*Kidney Transplantation, Acute Disease, Aged, Antiviral Agents/administration \& dosage, Bacterial Infections/*complications, Critical Illness, Cytomegalovirus Infections/*complications/drug therapy, Female, Ganciclovir/administration \& dosage, Humans, Middle Aged, Neutrophils/virology, Phosphoproteins/analysis, Recurrence, Superinfection/complications, Time Factors, Viral Matrix Proteins/analysis},
	pages = {430--432}
}

@Article{Ridker_2002_1393,
  author = {Ridker, P.M. and Rifai, N. and Rose, L. and Buring, J.E. and Cook, N.R.},
 journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
 note = {Hl-43851/hl/nhlbi Hl-58755/hl/nhlbi Hl-63293/hl/nhlbi Comparative Study Evaluation Studies Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. United States},
 number = {20},
 pages = {1557-1565},
 title = {Comparison of {C}-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events},
 volume = {347},
 year = {2002},
 keywords = {Aged, Biological, Markers/blood, C-Reactive, Protein/*analysis, Cardiovascular, Diseases/blood/*epidemiology, Cholesterol, LDL/*blood, Disease-Free, Survival, Female, Hormone, Replacement, Therapy, Humans, Incidence, Longitudinal, Studies, Middle, Aged, Multivariate, Analysis, Prognosis, ROC, Curve, Risk, Risk, Factors},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Comparison of Creactive protein and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events}
}

@article{schlienger_use_2002,
	title = {Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	abstract = {AIMS: Aspirin decreases the risk of clinical manifestations of atherothrombosis. This effect is mainly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation and potentially due to anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. To evaluate whether use of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be associated with a decreased risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we performed a population-based case-control analysis using the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD) METHODS: We identified first-time AMI-patients free of preexisting diagnosed cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. We compared use of NSAIDs prior to the index date between cases and control patients who were matched to cases on age, gender, practice and calendar time.
RESULTS: A total of 3319 cases ({\textless}or=75 years) with a diagnosis of first-time AMI between 1992 and 1997 and 13139 controls (matched to cases on age, sex, general practice attended, calendar time, years of prior history in the GPRD) were included. Overall, the relative risk estimate of AMI (adjusted for smoking, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy and aspirin) in current NSAID users was 1.17 (95\% CI 0.99, 1.37). Long-term current NSAID use ({\textgreater}or=30 prescriptions) yielded an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95\% CI 0.94, 1.55). Stratification by age ({\textless}65 years vs{\textgreater}or=65 years) and sex did not materially change the results.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that current NSAID exposure in patients free of diagnosed cardiovascular or metabolic conditions predisposing to cardiovascular diseases does not decrease the risk of AMI.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Schlienger, Raymond G. and Jick, Hershel and Meier, Christoph R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12236854},
	pmcid = {PMC1874430},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors},
	pages = {327--332}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The dementias.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Distribution,Aged,Alzheimer Disease,Alzheimer Disease: etiology,Alzheimer Disease: genetics,Alzheimer Disease: mortality,Cholinesterase Inhibitors,Cholinesterase Inhibitors: therapeutic use,Dementia,Dementia: classification,Dementia: epidemiology,Dementia: physiopathology,Female,Humans,Lewy Body Disease,Lewy Body Disease: drug therapy,Lewy Body Disease: physiopathology,Long-Term Care,Male,Molecular Biology,Prevalence,Sex Distribution},
 pages = {1759-66},
 volume = {360},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12480441},
 month = {11},
 day = {30},
 id = {cca45e46-8add-385a-b55b-d8f89f835359},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:41:24.205Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:41:24.353Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Dementia affects about 5% of the elderly population over age 65 years and has an unexplained predominance in women and a low rate in some cultures. Different forms of dementia are now distinguished-Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia secondary to disease, such as AIDS dementia. However, such nosological boundaries are being re-evaluated because different dementias are believed to have common underlying neuropathology. Neurochemical and neurobiological research has led to advances in understanding causes of dementia, and functional imaging has allowed identification of possible biomarkers; from these, a range of potential treatment approaches have arisen that focus on enhancement of neurotransmitter function, intervention at the level of amyloid production and deposition, and reduction of secondary risk factors such as hypertension, depression, and hypolipidaemia. Molecular diagnostic testing and genetic counselling for families with autosomal dominant early-onset dementia are new developments; however, this approach is not useful for late-onset dementia, in which the identified candidate susceptibility genes have a relatively small effect on risk. While fundamental research works towards new biological treatment strategies, much remains to be done in the area of disease management and the development of appropriate models of long-term care.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ritchie, Karen and Lovestone, Simon},
 journal = {Lancet},
 number = {9347}
}

@article{kerr_comparing_2002,
	title = {Comparing clinical automated, medical record, and hybrid data sources for diabetes quality measures},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1070-3241},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relative reliability of medical record and clinical automated data, sources commonly used to assess diabetes quality of care. The agreement between diabetes quality measures constructed from clinical automated versus medical record data sources was compared, and the performance of hybrid measures derived from a combination of the two data sources was examined.
METHODS: Medical records were abstracted for 1,032 patients with diabetes who received care from 21 facilities in 4 Veterans Integrated Service Networks. Automated data were obtained from a central Veterans Health Administration diabetes registry containing information on laboratory tests and medication use.
RESULTS: Success rates were higher for process measures derived from medical record data than from automated data, but no substantial differences among data sources were found for the intermediate outcome measures. Agreement for measures derived from the medical record compared with automated data was moderate for process measures but high for intermediate outcome measures. Hybrid measures yielded success rates similar to those of medical record-based measures but would have required about 50\% fewer chart reviews.
CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between medical record and automated data was generally high. Yet even in an integrated health care system with sophisticated information technology, automated data tended to underestimate the success rate in technical process measures for diabetes care and yielded different quartile performance rankings for facilities. Applying hybrid methodology yielded results consistent with the medical record but required less data to come from medical record reviews.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {The Joint Commission Journal on Quality Improvement},
	author = {Kerr, Eve A. and Smith, Dylan M. and Hogan, Mary M. and Krein, Sarah L. and Pogach, Leonard and Hofer, Timothy P. and Hayward, Rodney A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12369158},
	keywords = {Aged, Blood Pressure Determination, Cholesterol, LDL, Data Collection, Delivery of Health Care, Integrated, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Retinopathy, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Humans, Medical Records, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care), Quality Indicators, Health Care, Registries, Sampling Studies, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans},
	pages = {555--565}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Do children of long-lived parents age more successfully?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*genetics/*physiology,Cognition/physiology,Cross-Sectional Studies,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Genetics, Population,Hand Strength/physiology,Health Status,Humans,Interviews,Male,Middle Aged,Nuclear Family,Odds Ratio,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {334-339},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11964936},
 id = {d2c3d7a4-58f6-3e99-95c4-c6ccb4863013},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.345Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.443Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1044-3983<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Meta-Analysis</m:note>},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long-lived individuals are rare and may be selected in part for the genetic factors that promote successful aging. The children of long-lived parents may therefore age more successfully than the children of short-lived parents. METHODS: We used three major cross-sectional population-based surveys to study the association of parental longevity with successful aging in offspring. The measures of aging were hand-grip strength, cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination and a cognitive composite score), self-reported diseases, and self-rated health. RESULTS: For every additional 10 years the parents lived, their children's grip strength increased by 0.32 kg (95% CI = 0.00-0.63), Mini Mental State Examination score by 0.20 points (95% CI = 0.03-0.37), and cognitive composite score by 0.24 points (95% CI = 0.07-0.40). A 10-year increment of parental life was associated with a reduction by approximately 0.20 in the adjusted odds ratio for their children having each of the following conditions: diabetes; hypertension; ischemic heart disease; heart failure; stroke; or fair, poor, or very poor self-rated health. Almost all the effects were seen solely in the cohort of 70+-year-olds, but not among middle-aged or nonagenarian subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Parental life span is positively associated with the children's physical and cognitive functioning and avoidance of some of the common chronic diseases. However, the effects are small and are seen among offspring who are elderly, but not among the middle-aged or the oldest old.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Frederiksen, H and McGue, M and Jeune, B and Gaist, D and Nybo, H and Skytthe, A and Vaupel, J W and Christensen, K},
 journal = {Epidemiology},
 number = {3}
}

@Article{Burke_2001_1516,
  author = {Burke, A. P. and Kolodgie, F. D. and Farb, A. and Weber, D. K. and Malcom, G. T. and Smialek, J. and Virmani, R.},
 journal = {Circulation},
 note = {DA - 20010222 NOT IN FILE},
 number = {7},
 pages = {934-940},
 title = {Healed plaque ruptures and sudden coronary death: {E}vidence that subclinical rupture has a role in plaque progression},
 volume = {103},
 year = {2001},
 keywords = {Arteries, Atherosclerosis, Cell, Differentiation, Cell, Division, complications, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis, Coronary, Vessels, Death, Sudden, Cardiac, Demography, epidemiology, etiology, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, methods, Middle, Aged, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Myocardial, Infarction, Organ, Size, pathology, Research, Support, U.S.Gov't, P.H.S., Risk, Factors, Rupture, Rupture, Spontaneous, Wound, Healing},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Healed plaque ruptures and sudden coronary death Evidence that subclinical rupture has a role in plaque progression}
}

@article{garcia_rodriguez_relative_2001,
	title = {Relative risk of upper gastrointestinal complications among users of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1044-3983},
	abstract = {Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with an increase in upper gastrointestinal complications. There is no agreement, however, on whether all conventional NSAIDs have a similar relative risk (RR), and epidemiologic data are limited on acetaminophen. We studied the association between these medications and the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleed/perforation in a population-based cohort of 958,397 persons in the United Kingdom between 1993 and 1998. Our nested case-control analysis included 2,105 cases and 11,500 controls. RR estimates were adjusted for several factors known to be associated with upper gastrointestinal bleed/perforation. Compared with non-users, users of acetaminophen at doses less than 2 gm did not have an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal complications. The adjusted RR for acetaminophen at doses greater than 2 gm was 3.6 [95\% confidence interval (95\% CI) = 2.6-5.1]. The corresponding RRs for low/medium and high doses of NSAIDs were 2.4 (95\% CI = 1.9-3.1) and 4.9 (95\% CI = 4.1-5.8). The RR was 3.1 (95\% CI = 2.5, 3.8) for short plasma half-life, 4.5 (95\% CI = 3.5-5.9) for long half-life, and 5.4 (95\% CI = 4.0-7.1) for slow-release formulations of NSAIDs. After adjusting for daily dose, the differences in RR between individual NSAIDs tended to diminish except for apazone. Users of H2 receptor antagonists, omeprazole, and misoprostol had RRs of 1.4 (95\% CI = 1.2-1.8), 0.6 (95\% CI = 0.4-0.9), and 0.6 (95\% CI = 0.4-1.0), respectively. Among NSAID users, use of nitrates was associated with an RR of 0.6 (95\% CI = 0.4-1.0).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)},
	author = {García Rodríguez, L. A. and Hernández-Díaz, S.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11505178},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Adult, Aged, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Half-Life, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Peptic Ulcer, Population Surveillance, Risk, incidence},
	pages = {570--576}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Replication studies in longevity: puzzling findings in Danish centenarians at the 3'APOB-VNTR locus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alleles,Apolipoproteins B/*genetics,Comparative Study,DNA/analysis/genetics,Demography,Denmark,Female,Gene Frequency/genetics,Genotype,Humans,Italy,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Minisatellite Repeats/*genetics,Models, Genetic,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Risk,Sex Characteristics},
 pages = {371-376},
 volume = {65},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11592926},
 id = {30365bd9-8031-3f7e-8ef2-9d02c1ab8dba},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.031Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.142Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0003-4800<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {In Danes we replicated the 3'APOB-VNTR gene/longevity association study previously carried out in Italians, by which the Small alleles (less than 35 repeats) had been identified as frailty alleles for longevity. In Danes, neither genotype nor allele frequencies differed between centenarians and 20-64-year-old subjects. However, when Danish and Italian data were compared, a significant difference (p = 0.0004) was found between the frequencies of Small alleles in youths, which disappeared in centenarians (p = 0.290). Furthermore, the demographic-genetic approach revealed in Danes a significant gene-sex interaction relevant to Long alleles (more than 37 repeats). The different findings in Denmark and Italy suggest that gene/longevity associations are population-specific, and heavily affected by the population-specific genetic and environmental history.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Varcasia, O and Garasto, S and Rizza, T and Andersen-Ranberg, K and Jeune, B and Bathum, L and Andreev, K and Tan, Q and Yashin, A I and Bonafe, M and Franceschi, C and De Benedictis, G},
 journal = {Ann Hum Genet},
 number = {Pt 4}
}

@Article{Blake_2001_1509,
  author = {Blake, G. J. and Dada, N. and Fox, J. C. and Manson, J. E. and Ridker, P. M.},
 journal = {J Am Coll Cardiol},
 note = {Hl43851/hl/nhlbi Hl58755/hl/nhlbi Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. United States},
 number = {5},
 pages = {1302-6},
 title = {A prospective evaluation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) levels and the risk of future cardiovascular events in women},
 volume = {38},
 year = {2001},
 keywords = {Aged, Biological, Markers/*blood, C-Reactive, Protein/metabolism, Case-Control, Studies, Cerebrovascular, Accident/epidemiology/*etiology, Coronary, Disease/epidemiology/*etiology, Estrogen, Replacement, Therapy, Female, Humans, Hypertension/complications, Inflammation, Logistic, Models, Middle, Aged, Multivariate, Analysis, Myocardial, Infarction/epidemiology/*etiology, Obesity/complications, Phospholipases, A/*blood/immunology, Predictive, Value, of, Tests, Prospective, Studies, Questionnaires, Risk, Factors, Single-Blind, Method, Smoking, *Women's, Health},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {A prospective evaluation of lipoproteinassociated phospholipase A2 levels and the risk of future cardiovascular events in women}
}

@article{van_staa_oral_2000,
	title = {Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk: relationship to daily and cumulative doses},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {1462-0324},
	shorttitle = {Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of daily and cumulative oral corticosteroid doses on the risk of fractures.
METHODS: Information was obtained from the General Practice Research Database, which contains medical records of general practitioners in England and Wales. The study included 244 235 oral corticosteroid users and 244 235 controls.
RESULTS: Patients taking higher doses (at least 7. 5 mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent) had significantly increased risks of non-vertebral fracture [relative rate (RR)=1.44, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.54], hip fracture (RR=2.21, 95\% CI 1.85-2.64) and vertebral fracture (RR=2.83, 95\% CI 2.35-2.40) relative to patients using oral corticosteroids at lower doses (less than 2.5 mg per day). Fracture risk was also elevated among people with higher cumulative exposure to oral corticosteroids over the study period, but this effect was almost wholly removed by adjustment for daily dose, age, gender and other confounding variables.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the adverse skeletal effects of oral corticosteroids manifest rapidly and are related to daily dose. The level of previous exposure to oral corticosteroids was not a strong determinant of the risk of fracture. Preventive measures against corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis should therefore be instituted as soon after the commencement of glucocorticoid therapy as possible.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)},
	author = {van Staa, T. P. and Leufkens, H. G. and Abenhaim, L. and Zhang, B. and Cooper, C.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11136882},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adult, Aged, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Registries, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1383--1389}
}

@article{hubbard_exposure_2000,
	title = {Exposure to antidepressants and the risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a case-control study},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {0903-1936},
	shorttitle = {Exposure to antidepressants and the risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis},
	abstract = {The explanations for the emergence of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis as a new clinical entity during the second half of the 20th century are unclear. The authors have previously reported evidence of an increased risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis in relation to the use of antidepressant drugs. The authors have now tested this hypothesis a priori in an analysis of computerized general practice records for 890 cases of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and 5,884 matched controls drawn from the UK General Practice Research Database. Exposure to antidepressants at the time of diagnosis was increased in cases compared to controls (odds ratio (OR) 1.52, 95\% confidence interval (95\% CI) 1.24-1.86), and this increase remained if the analysis was restricted to exposures 4 yrs prior to diagnosis (OR 1.50, 95\% CI 0.98-2.30). However this increased prescribing was not specific to any particular class of antidepressant or individual drug, and there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship between exposure to amitriptyline (the most commonly prescribed antidepressant) and disease. The presented data do not allow any firm conclusion to be made as to whether there is a causal relationship between antidepressant exposure and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, but it seems unlikely that exposure to tricyclic antidepressants shortly before diagnosis is a strong risk factor for cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The European Respiratory Journal},
	author = {Hubbard, R. and Venn, A. and Britton, J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11028652},
	keywords = {Aged, Amitriptyline, Antidepressive Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Female, Furosemide, Humans, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Fibrosis},
	pages = {409--413}
}

@article{hubbard_adult_2000,
	title = {Adult height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a case-control study using the {UK} general practice research database},
	volume = {55},
	issn = {0040-6376},
	shorttitle = {Adult height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The reasons why cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has emerged as a new clinical entity during the second half of the 20th century are unclear. Some environmental exposures have been identified as potential risk factors including occupational dust, cigarette smoking and antidepressants, but there have been no studies of the role of early life exposures. Since adult height reflects, in part, early life experience, we have examined the relation between adult height and the risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
METHODS: A case-control study of 569 cases and 3669 age, sex, and community matched controls drawn from the UK General Practice Research Database was undertaken.
RESULTS: Evidence was found of an inverse association between quintile of height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (odds ratio (OR) per increase in height quintile 0.93, 95\% CI 0.86 to 0.99). This association was not diminished by adjustment for smoking status (OR 0.93, 95\% CI 0.87 to 1.00), but some minor attenuation did occur after adjustment for oral corticosteroid use (OR 0.94, 95\% CI 0.88 to 1.02). There was a significant interaction with sex such that the effect of height was strong in women (OR 0.85, 95\% CI 0.75 to 0.97) and absent in men (OR 1.00, 95\% CI 0.91 to 1.09).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise the possibility that early life exposures may be important in determining the lifetime risk of developing cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Thorax},
	author = {Hubbard, R. and Venn, A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {10992540},
	pmcid = {PMC1745612},
	keywords = {Aged, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Databases, Factual, Female, Glucocorticoids, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Risk Factors, Smoking},
	pages = {864--866}
}

@article{
 title = {Founder BRCA1 mutations and two novel germline BRCA2 mutations in breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Founder Effect,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,BRCA1 Protein/*genetics,BRCA2 Protein,Breast Neoplasms/*genetics,Female,Genetic Markers/genetics,Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics,Human,Male,Middle Age,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics,Poland,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {480-1.},
 volume = {15},
 id = {fffeb98c-4cdd-3ed3-a41a-4a351d41efdd},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.272Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.379Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for the majority of high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families, depending on the population studied. Previously, BRCA1 mutations were described in women from Western Poland. To further characterize the spectrum of BRCA1 mutations and the impact of BRCA2 mutations in Poland, we have analyzed 25 high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland for mutations in all coding exons of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, using combined heteroduplex analysis/SSCP followed by direct DNA sequence analysis. Out of 25 probands a total of five (20%) carried three recurrent BRCA1 mutations (300T>G, 3819del5, 5382insC). The 300T>G mutation accounted for 60% (3/5) of BRCA1 mutations and allelotyping suggested a common founder of this mutation. No unique mutations were found. In addition, we identified three BRCA2 (12%) mutations, one recurrent 4075delGT, and two novel frameshift mutations, 7327ins/dupl19 and 9068delA. We conclude that 30% of high-risk families from North-Eastern Poland may be due to recurrent BRCA1 and unique BRCA2 mutations. Intriguingly, the BRCA1 mutation spectrum seems to be different within subregions of Poland.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {van Der Looij, M and Wysocka, B and Brozek, I and Jassem, J and Limon, J and Olah, E},
 journal = {Hum Mutat},
 number = {5}
}

@Article{Ignatescu_1999_1604,
  author = {Ignatescu, M. C. and Gharehbaghi-Schnell, E. and Hassan, A. and Rezaie-Majd, S. and Korschineck, I. and Schleef, R. R. and Glogar, H. D. and Lang, I. M.},
 journal = {Arterioscler.Thromb.Vasc.Biol.},
 note = {DA - 19991029 NOT IN FILE},
 number = {10},
 pages = {2340-2347},
 title = {Expression of the angiogenic protein, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor, in coronary atherosclerotic plaques: {I}n vivo correlation of lesional microvessel density and constrictive vascular remodeling},
 volume = {19},
 year = {1999},
 keywords = {Adult, Aged, analysis, Antibodies, Capillaries, chemistry, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis, Coronary, Vessels, Endothelium, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Gene, Expression, genetics, Humans, Image, Processing, Computer-Assisted, Immunohistochemistry, immunology, In, Situ, Hybridization, Macrophages, Male, Middle, Aged, Neovascularization, Physiologic, pathology, physiology, physiopathology, Research, Support, Non-U.S.Gov't, Reverse, Transcriptase, Polymerase, Chain, Reaction, RNA, Messenger, Thymidine, Phosphorylase, Tunica, Intima, Tunica, Media, ultrasonography},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Expression of the angiogenic protein plateletderived endothelial cell growth factor in coronary atherosclerotic plaques In vivo correlation of lesional microvessel density and constrictive vascular remodeling}
}

@article{van_staa_postmarketing_1998,
	title = {Postmarketing surveillance of the safety of cyclic etidronate},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	abstract = {To evaluate the safety of cyclic etidronate in routine clinical practice, we obtained information from 550 general practices in the United Kingdom that provide the medical records to the General Practice Research Database. A group of 7977 patients taking cyclic etidronate and two age-, gender-, and practice-matched control groups, one with osteoporosis and one without, were analyzed. For the group taking cyclic etidronate, the average age was 71.6 years and follow-up was 10,328 person-years. Conditions that do not induce osteoporosis generally occurred in these patients at a rate comparable to that in the control groups. The incidence of osteomalacia was low and comparable between patients taking cyclic etidronate and controls with osteoporosis. No medically significant increases in frequency were observed among patients taking cyclic etidronate for a broad group of diseases that may potentially be induced by exposure to the drug. These data support the favorable risk:benefit ratio of cyclic etidronate.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {van Staa, T. P. and Leufkens, H. and Abenhaim, L. and Cooper, C.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9758324},
	keywords = {Aged, Cohort Studies, Etidronic Acid, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Osteoporosis, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Quality Control, Retrospective Studies},
	pages = {1121--1128}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Death,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Denmark,Disease Susceptibility,Environment,Epidemiology, Molecular,Female,Finland,Forecasting,Health,Humans,Life Tables,Likelihood Functions,Longevity/genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Genetic,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Sex Factors,Survival Analysis,Sweden,Twins/*genetics},
 pages = {196-205},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10100811},
 id = {161c25f0-f407-3983-ac34-656acbfb7169},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:57.913Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:58.237Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1369-0523<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Molecular epidemiological studies confirm a substantial contribution of individual genes to variability in susceptibility to disease and death for humans. To evaluate the contribution of all genes to susceptibility and to estimate individual survival characteristics, survival data on related individuals (eg twins or other relatives) are needed. Correlated gamma-frailty models of bivariate survival are used in a joint analysis of survival data on more than 31,000 pairs of Danish, Swedish and Finnish male and female twins using the maximum likelihood method. Additive decomposition of frailty into genetic and environmental components is used to estimate heritability in frailty. The estimate of the standard deviation of frailty from the pooled data is about 1.5. The hypothesis that variance in frailty and correlations of frailty for twins are similar in the data from all three countries is accepted. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability in frailty is about 0.5. The age trajectories of individual hazards are evaluated for all three populations of twins and both sexes. The results of our analysis confirm the presence of genetic influences on individual frailty and longevity. They also suggest that the mechanism of these genetic influences may be similar for the three Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, results indicate that the increase in individual hazard with age is more rapid than predicted by traditional demographic life tables.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Iachine, I A and Holm, N V and Harris, J R and Begun, A Z and Iachina, M K and Laitinen, M and Kaprio, J and Yashin, A I},
 journal = {Twin Res},
 number = {4}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Asthma on Tristan da Cunha: looking for the genetic link. The University of Toronto Genetics of Asthma Research Group},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Allergens/diagnostic use,Asthma/epidemiology/*genetics,Atlantic Ocean,Bronchoconstrictor Agents/diagnostic use,Child,Child, Preschool,Consanguinity,Female,Forced Expiratory Volume,Founder Effect,Humans,Linkage (Genetics),Male,Methacholine Chloride/diagnostic use,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sex Distribution,Skin Tests},
 pages = {1902-1906},
 volume = {153},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8665053},
 id = {ba377ad3-36ac-3937-b8d3-44f6b08c99e3},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.103Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.287Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1073-449x<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Although asthma has a significant heritable component, the mode of inheritance remains controversial because of the complexity of the disease and the influence of environmental factors. Isolated, inbred populations serve to reduce variability, thus increasing the probability of gene localization. We studied the inbred population of the remote island of Tristan da Cunha to document asthma prevalence for the purpose of genetic linkage analysis. Medical histories and skin atopy were determined on 282 islanders, representing 97% of the population, and airway responsiveness was measured in 254; 226 by methacholine challenge (tidal breathing method) and 28 by bronchodilator response (400 micrograms salbutamol aerosol). Blood samples were collected from 275 islanders. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 94 yr. Asthma was defined as increased airway responsiveness (AR+: PC20 < 4 mg/ml or > or = 15% increase in FEV1 postbronchodilator) combined with a positive history (Hx+). Fifty-seven percent of the islanders had at least partial evidence of asthma (Hx+ and/or AR+) and 23% had a definitive diagnosis of asthma (AR+ with Hx+). Overall 47% of the population were atopic, atopy was proportionally higher in asthmatics (74%) than nonasthmatics (32%; p < 0.01). Analysis of the methacholine dose-response curves demonstrated that asthmatics were significantly (p < 0.01) more responsive than those with AR+ only, and nonasthmatics (AR-, Hx-) were more responsive than laboratory control subjects (p < 0.05), suggesting that these islanders may also carry an airway hyperresponsiveness gene. A frequency plot of the percent fall in FEV1 for all Hx- subjects compared with control data suggests a bimodal distribution consistent with a major gene mechanism for airway responsiveness. Genealogy mapping revealed that the islanders are direct descendants of the 15 original settlers, and historical records suggest at least two founders may have been asthmatic. The data confirm previous reports of a high asthma prevalence on Tristan and support the postulate that this prevalence is a result of gene enrichment occurring in isolated populations by virtue of extensive inbreeding and a probable founder effect.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zamel, N and McClean, P A and Sandell, P R and Siminovitch, K A and Slutsky, A S},
 journal = {Am J Respir Crit Care Med},
 number = {6 Pt 1}
}

@article{jick_risk_1995,
	title = {The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	abstract = {Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Jick, H. and Myers, M. W. and Dean, A. D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {7624265},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agranulocytosis, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Infant, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Male, Mesalamine, Middle Aged, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Risk Factors, Sulfasalazine},
	pages = {176--181}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Intramedullary spinal cord ependymomas--a study of 45 cases with long-term follow-up.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1992},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Child, Preschool,Combined Modality Therapy,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: diagnosis,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: radiotherapy,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: surgery,Neurologic Examination,Reoperation,Retrospective Studies,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: diagnosis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery},
 pages = {74-9},
 volume = {119},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1481757},
 month = {1},
 id = {08111960-a49a-3d5e-890c-10bb4dbadd57},
 created = {2013-09-04T15:14:24.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:55.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Of the 62 patients with intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma treated surgically at our Neurosurgery Division between January 1951 and December 1990 45 had a follow-up of at least 3 years and the longest 30 years. The 28 conus-cauda equina-filum ependymomas operated during the same period are not considered in this study. An analysis of our cases and of the larger published series shows that favourable prognostic factors, apart of course from total tumour removal, which is now usually possible, are a site below the high cervical segments and a mild pre-operative symptom pattern. Patient age at diagnosis, tumour size and "low dose" (< 40 Gy) radiotherapy seem to have no influence on the prognosis. Aggressive surgical removal is the treatment of choice and also for long-term recurrence.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ferrante, L and Mastronardi, L and Celli, P and Lunardi, P and Acqui, M and Fortuna, a},
 journal = {Acta Neurochirurgica},
 number = {1-4}
}

@Article{Farb_1990_1874,
  author = {Farb, A. and Virmani, R. and Atkinson, J. B. and Kolodgie, F. D.},
 journal = {J.Am.Coll.Cardiol.},
 note = {DA - 19901227 NOT IN FILE},
 number = {6},
 pages = {1421-1429},
 title = {Plaque morphology and pathologic changes in arteries from patients dying after coronary balloon angioplasty},
 volume = {16},
 year = {1990},
 keywords = {Aged, Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous, Coronary, Arteries, Autopsy, Coronary, Arteriosclerosis, Coronary, Vessels, Humans, Male, Middle, Aged, mortality, pathology, Retrospective, Studies, Survival, Analysis, therapy},
 title_with_no_special_chars = {Plaque morphology and pathologic changes in arteries from patients dying after coronary balloon angioplasty}
}

@article{franklin_sex_2009,
	title = {Sex differences in the association between body mass index and total hip or knee joint replacement resulting from osteoarthritis},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {1468-2060},
	doi = {10.1136/ard.2007.086868},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To examine the association between body mass index ({BMI}) and osteoarthritis ({OA}) leading to total hip ({THR}) or knee ({TKR}) joint replacement.
{METHODS}: Case-control study design. All patients still living in Iceland who had had a {THR} or {TKR} resulting from {OA} before the end of 2002 were invited to participate. First-degree relatives of participating patients served as controls. A total of 1473 patients (872 women) and 1103 controls (599 women), all born between 1910 and 1939 and who had answered a questionnaire including questions about height and weight, were analysed. A randomly selected sample, representative of the Icelandic population, was used as a secondary control group.
{RESULTS}: The {OR}, adjusted for age, occupation and presence of hand {OA}, for having a {THR} was 1.1 (95\% {CI} 0.9 to 1.5) for overweight men and 1.7 (95\% {CI} 1.0 to 2.9) for obese men. The {OR} for having a {TKR} was 1.7 (95\% {CI} 1.1 to 2.6) for overweight men and 5.3 (95\% {CI} 2.8 to 10.1) for obese men. The {OR} for having a {THR} was 1.0 (95\% {CI} 0.8 to 1.3) for overweight women and 1.0 (95\% {CI} 0.6 to 1.5) for obese women. The {OR} for having a {TKR} was 1.6 (95\% {CI} 1.1 to 2.2) for overweight women and 4.0 (95\% {CI} 2.6 to 6.1) for obese women.
{CONCLUSION}: This study supports a positive association between high {BMI} and {TKR} in both sexes, but for {THR} the association with {BMI} seems to be weaker, and possibly negligible for women.},
	pages = {536--540},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases},
	shortjournal = {Ann. Rheum. Dis.},
	author = {Franklin, J. and Ingvarsson, T. and Englund, M. and Lohmander, L. S.},
	date = {2009-04},
	pmid = {18504290},
	keywords = {Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Family, Female, Humans, Iceland, Male, Obesity, Occupational Diseases, Odds Ratio, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Overweight, Regression Analysis, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors}
}