@article{robertsCrossvalidationStrategiesData2017,
  title = {Cross-Validation Strategies for Data with Temporal, Spatial, Hierarchical, or Phylogenetic Structure},
  author = {Roberts, David R. and Bahn, Volker and Ciuti, Simone and Boyce, Mark S. and Elith, Jane and {Guillera-Arroita}, Gurutzeta and Hauenstein, Severin and {Lahoz-Monfort}, Jos{\'e} J. and Schr{\"o}der, Boris and Thuiller, Wilfried and Warton, David I. and Wintle, Brendan A. and Hartig, Florian and Dormann, Carsten F.},
  year = {2017},
  month = aug,
  volume = {40},
  pages = {913--929},
  issn = {0906-7590},
  doi = {10.1111/ecog.02881},
  abstract = {Ecological data often show temporal, spatial, hierarchical (random effects), or phylogenetic structure. Modern statistical approaches are increasingly accounting for such dependencies. However, when performing cross-validation, these structures are regularly ignored, resulting in serious underestimation of predictive error. One cause for the poor performance of uncorrected (random) cross-validation, noted often by modellers, are dependence structures in the data that persist as dependence structures in model residuals, violating the assumption of independence. Even more concerning, because often overlooked, is that structured data also provides ample opportunity for overfitting with non-causal predictors. This problem can persist even if remedies such as autoregressive models, generalized least squares, or mixed models are used. Block cross-validation, where data are split strategically rather than randomly, can address these issues. However, the blocking strategy must be carefully considered. Blocking in space, time, random effects or phylogenetic distance, while accounting for dependencies in the data, may also unwittingly induce extrapolations by restricting the ranges or combinations of predictor variables available for model training, thus overestimating interpolation errors. On the other hand, deliberate blocking in predictor space may also improve error estimates when extrapolation is the modelling goal. Here, we review the ecological literature on non-random and blocked cross-validation approaches. We also provide a series of simulations and case studies, in which we show that, for all instances tested, block cross-validation is nearly universally more appropriate than random cross-validation if the goal is predicting to new data or predictor space, or for selecting causal predictors. We recommend that block cross-validation be used wherever dependence structures exist in a dataset, even if no correlation structure is visible in the fitted model residuals, or if the fitted models account for such correlations.},
  journal = {Ecography},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14355896,bias-correction,collinearity,computational-science,correlation-analysis,cross-validation,data-collection-bias,local-scale,mitigation,modelling,partitioning,pattern,prediction-bias,spatio-temporal-scale,statistics,trade-offs,validation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14355896},
  number = {8}
}

@article{pasiniAttributionRecentTemperature2017,
  title = {Attribution of Recent Temperature Behaviour Reassessed by a Neural-Network Method},
  author = {Pasini, Antonello and Racca, Paolo and Amendola, Stefano and Cartocci, Giorgio and Cassardo, Claudio},
  year = {2017},
  month = dec,
  volume = {7},
  issn = {2045-2322},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-18011-8},
  abstract = {Attribution studies on recent global warming by Global Climate Model (GCM) ensembles converge in showing the fundamental role of anthropogenic forcings as primary drivers of temperature in the last half century. However, despite their differences, all these models pertain to the same dynamical approach and come from a common ancestor, so that their very similar results in attribution studies are not surprising and cannot be considered as a clear proof of robustness of the results themselves. Thus, here we adopt a completely different, non-dynamical, data-driven and fully nonlinear approach to the attribution problem. By means of neural network (NN) modelling, and analysing the last 160 years, we perform attribution experiments and find that the strong increase in global temperature of the last half century may be attributed basically to anthropogenic forcings (with details on their specific contributions), while the Sun considerably influences the period 1910-1975. Furthermore, the role of sulphate aerosols and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation for better catching interannual to decadal temperature variability is clarified. Sensitivity analyses to forcing changes are also performed. The NN outcomes both corroborate our previous knowledge from GCMs and give new insight into the relative contributions of external forcings and internal variability to climate.},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14551513,anthropogenic-changes,array-of-factors,artificial-neural-networks,atlantic-multidecadal-oscillation,black-carbon,climate,climate-change,climate-projections,ghg,global-scale,global-warming,model-comparison,multiplicity,solar-activity,solar-radiation,sulphates,temperature},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14551513},
  number = {1}
}

@article{degrootDecadesPopulationGenetic2016,
  title = {Decades of Population Genetic Research Reveal the Need for Harmonization of Molecular Markers: The Grey Wolf {{Canis}} Lupus as a Case Study},
  author = {{de Groot}, G. Arjen and Nowak, Carsten and Skrbin{\v s}ek, Toma{\v z} and Andersen, Liselotte W. and Aspi, Jouni and Fumagalli, Luca and Godinho, Raquel and Harms, Verena and Jansman, Hugh A. H. and Liberg, Olof and Marucco, Francesca and Mys{\l}ajek, Robert W. and Nowak, Sabina and Pilot, Ma{\l}gorzata and Randi, Ettore and Reinhardt, Ilka and {\'S}mietana, Wojciech and Szewczyk, Maciej and Taberlet, Pierre and Vil{\`a}, Carles and {Mu{\~n}oz-Fuentes}, Violeta},
  year = {2016},
  month = jan,
  volume = {46},
  pages = {44--59},
  issn = {0305-1838},
  doi = {10.1111/mam.12052},
  abstract = {Following protection measures implemented since the 1970s, large carnivores are currently increasing in number and returning to areas from which they were absent for decades or even centuries. Monitoring programmes for these species rely extensively on non-invasive sampling and genotyping. However, attempts to connect results of such studies at larger spatial or temporal scales often suffer from the incompatibility of genetic markers implemented by researchers in different laboratories. This is particularly critical for long-distance dispersers, revealing the need for harmonized monitoring schemes that would enable the understanding of gene flow and dispersal dynamics.

[] Based on a review of genetic studies on grey wolves Canis lupus from Europe, we provide an overview of the genetic markers currently in use, and identify opportunities and hurdles for studies based on continent-scale datasets.

[] Our results highlight an urgent need for harmonization of methods to enable transnational research based on data that have already been collected, and to allow these data to be linked to material collected in the future. We suggest timely standardization of newly developed genotyping approaches, and propose that action is directed towards the establishment of shared single nucleotide polymorphism panels, next-generation sequencing of microsatellites, a common reference sample collection and an online database for data exchange.

[] Enhanced cooperation among genetic researchers dealing with large carnivores in consortia would facilitate streamlining of methods, their faster and wider adoption, and production of results at the large spatial scales that ultimately matter for the conservation of these charismatic species.},
  journal = {Mammal Review},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14037452,~to-add-doi-URL,canis-lupus,carnivores,europe,featured-publication,genetic-variability,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14037452},
  number = {1}
}

@article{natureMaximumClimateAmbition2016,
  title = {The Maximum Climate Ambition Needs a Firm Research Backing},
  author = {{Nature}},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  volume = {537},
  pages = {585--586},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/537585b},
  abstract = {We need to know what the 1.5 \textdegree C warming target will involve -- even if we don't reach it.

[Excerpt] [...] The 2015 Paris climate agreement commits governments to keeping average global surface temperatures to between 1.5\,\textdegree C and 2\,\textdegree C above the preindustrial level. But warming has already passed the 1-degree mark, and some estimates suggest that even if current commitments are fully implemented, they would allow temperatures to rise nearly 3\,\textdegree C. If the 2-degree goal seems implausible, given current politics, 1.5\,\textdegree C is very nearly inconceivable.

[] Nevertheless, countries calling for more aggressive action -- often those that have contributed the least to the problem and now have the most to lose -- pushed for the 1.5\,\textdegree C IPCC assessment. The deadlines are tight: scientists around the world now have roughly a year to run their models and submit papers to bolster the scarce body of literature surrounding the 1.5-degree goal. The IPCC will present its assessment in 2018, just before UN negotiators hold their first major meeting to assess progress under the Paris agreement and presumably to discuss ways to hasten action. [...]},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14148626,anthropic-feedback,anthropocene,anthropogenic-impacts,climate-change,environmental-policy,global-scale,global-warming,science-policy-interface,science-society-interface},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14148626},
  number = {7622}
}

@book{creativecommonsLicenses2015,
  title = {About the Licenses},
  author = {{Creative Commons}},
  year = {2015},
  address = {{Mountain View, California, USA}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt]

[::What our licenses do] The Creative Commons copyright licenses and tools forge a balance inside the traditional '' all rights reserved'' setting that copyright law creates. Our tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work. The combination of our tools and our users is a vast and growing digital commons, a pool of content that can be copied, distributed, edited, remixed, and built upon, all within the boundaries of copyright law.

[::License design and rationale]

All Creative Commons licenses have many important features in common. Every license helps creators -- we call them licensors if they use our tools -- retain copyright while allowing others to copy, distribute, and make some uses of their work -- at least non-commercially. Every Creative Commons license also ensures licensors get the credit for their work they deserve. Every Creative Commons license works around the world and lasts as long as applicable copyright lasts (because they are built on copyright). These common features serve as the baseline, on top of which licensors can choose to grant additional permissions when deciding how they want their work to be used.

[\textbackslash n] A Creative Commons licensor answers a few simple questions on the path to choosing a license -- first, do I want to allow commercial use or not, and then second, do I want to allow derivative works or not? If a licensor decides to allow derivative works, she may also choose to require that anyone who uses the work -- we call them licensees -- to make that new work available under the same license terms. We call this idea '' ShareAlike'' and it is one of the mechanisms that (if chosen) helps the digital commons grow over time. ShareAlike is inspired by the GNU General Public License, used by many free and open source software projects.

[\textbackslash n] Our licenses do not affect freedoms that the law grants to users of creative works otherwise protected by copyright, such as exceptions and limitations to copyright law like fair dealing. Creative Commons licenses require licensees to get permission to do any of the things with a work that the law reserves exclusively to a licensor and that the license does not expressly allow. Licensees must credit the licensor, keep copyright notices intact on all copies of the work, and link to the license from copies of the work. Licensees cannot use technological measures to restrict access to the work by others. 

[::Three '' Layers'' Of Licenses]

Our public copyright licenses incorporate a unique and innovative '' three-layer'' design. Each license begins as a traditional legal tool, in the kind of language and text formats that most lawyers know and love. We call this the Legal Code layer of each license.

[\textbackslash n] But since most creators, educators, and scientists are not in fact lawyers, we also make the licenses available in a format that normal people can read -- the Commons Deed (also known as the '' human readable'' version of the license). The Commons Deed is a handy reference for licensors and licensees, summarizing and expressing some of the most important terms and conditions. Think of the Commons Deed as a user-friendly interface to the Legal Code beneath, although the Deed itself is not a license, and its contents are not part of the Legal Code itself.

[\textbackslash n] The final layer of the license design recognizes that software, from search engines to office productivity to music editing, plays an enormous role in the creation, copying, discovery, and distribution of works. In order to make it easy for the Web to know when a work is available under a Creative Commons license, we provide a '' machine readable'' version of the license -- a summary of the key freedoms and obligations written into a format that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology can understand. We developed a standardized way to describe licenses that software can understand called CC Rights Expression Language (CC REL) to accomplish this.

[\textbackslash n] Searching for open content is an important function enabled by our approach. You can use Google to search for Creative Commons content, look for pictures at Flickr, albums at Jamendo, and general media at spinxpress. The Wikimedia Commons, the multimedia repository of Wikipedia, is a core user of our licenses as well.

[\textbackslash n] Taken together, these three layers of licenses ensure that the spectrum of rights isn't just a legal concept. It's something that the creators of works can understand, their users can understand, and even the Web itself can understand.

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13913645,featured-publication,free-software-directory,free-software-license-definition,knowledge-freedom,license--cc0-1-0,licensing,public-domain},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13913645}
}

@article{dellaroccaPossibleLandManagement2015,
  title = {Possible Land Management Uses of Common Cypress to Reduce Wildfire Initiation Risk: A Laboratory Study},
  author = {Della Rocca, G. and Hernando, C. and Madrigal, J. and Danti, R. and Moya, J. and Guijarro, M. and Pecchioli, A. and Moya, B.},
  year = {2015},
  month = aug,
  volume = {159},
  pages = {68--77},
  issn = {0301-4797},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.020},
  abstract = {The flammability of Cupressus sempervirens has been fully characterized. Two contrasted bench-scale methodologies have been used to ratify the results. Cypress showed low ignitability and consumability and high sustainability and combustibility. The low ignitability of C.~sempervirens suggests a potential resistance to moderate wildfires. Cypress stands could be a promising land management tool to reduce the wildfire initiation risk. Accurate determination of flammability is required in order to improve knowledge about vegetation fire risk. Study of the flammability of different plant species is essential for the Mediterranean area, where most ecosystems are adapted to natural fire but vulnerable to recurrent human-induced fires, which are the main cause of forest degradation. However, the methods used to evaluate vegetation flammability have not yet been standardized. Cupressus sempervirens is a native or naturalized forest tree species in the Mediterranean area that is able to tolerate prolonged drought and high temperatures. The aim of this study was to characterize the flammability of C.~sempervirens var. horizontalis at particle level by using different bench-scale calorimetry techniques (mass loss calorimeter, epiradiator and oxygen bomb) to determine the main flammability descriptors (ignitability, sustainability, combustibility and consumability) in live crown and litter samples. Our findings indicate that this variety of cypress is relatively resistant to ignition because of the high ash content, the high critical heat flux, the high time to ignition displayed by both crown and litter samples and the ability of the leaves to maintain a high water content during the summer. We also discuss the possibility of exploiting some morphological, functional and ecological traits of the species to construct a barrier system (with selected varieties of cypress) as a promising complementary land management tool to reduce the fire spread and intensity in a Mediterranean context.

[Excerpt: Discussion and conclusions]

[...] The FMC of live C. sempervirens samples was relatively high and stable between April and the middle of August (84-96\%). Furthermore, the low variability in the water content across the crown layers ( Fig. 3) may have important implications for crown fire potential ( Van Wagner, 1977). Madrigal et al. (2013) reported a wider range of FMC for Pinus pinaster needles (95-155\%), whereas Viegas et al. (2001) indicated that the FMC of live Mediterranean forest fuels may be as low as 50-60\,\% during the summer season, much lower than the value detected in the present study in live crown samples of cypress. Ignition and fire occurrence are closely related to the moisture content of live and dead fuel ( Dimitrakopoulos and Papaioannou, 2001) and fresh leaves of Mediterranean species appear to become very flammable when the moisture content decreases below 75\,\% ( Chandler et al., 1983) or below 100\,\% in the case of pine needles ( Van Wagner, 1977). An interaction between the physiological state of a live plant (which determines the moisture content) and the concentration of volatile compounds has also been reported ( Weise et al., 2005 and Alessio et al., 2008). During an intense wildfire, the effect due to accumulation of gasified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be stronger than the effect due to a low water content, thus explaining specific occurrences such as extreme rate of fire spread and eruptive fire events ( Viegas and Simeoni, 2011).

[\textbackslash n] The live fresh samples of C. sempervirens did not ignite in MLC tests performed at 25 kW/m2, whereas in a previous study, live P. pinaster needles with similar FMC (95\%) ignited at the same heat flux ( Madrigal et al., 2013) ( Supplementary Fig. 1). Notably, the HRR curve obtained for C. sempervirens at 35 kW/m2 was similar to that obtained by Madrigal et al. (2013) for live P. pinaster needles at a lower heat flux (25 kW/m2). In EPI2, at 25 kW/m2 ( Table 5), the IF of fresh cypress live fuel was as low as 23\,\%, while at 55 kW/m2, the IF was 100\,\%, for both crown fresh samples and litter samples (conditioned and oven-dried). These results are consistent with the CHF values determined in MLC tests.

[\textbackslash n][...] 

[\textbackslash n] The TTI and CHF are the most representative descriptors of ignitability. Both TTI (at 50 kW/m2) and CHF of live cypress fuel obtained with MLC in the present study were significantly higher than those determined by Madrigal et al. (2013) for live P. pinaster needles with the same FMC value (95\%). The ignitability of common cypress was much lower than that of P. pinaster. Live C. sempervirens leaves also displayed the longest TTI in a comparative study of ornamental species Ganteaume et al. (2013a). However, based on TTI, common cypress has been reported to be the most flammable of several Mediterranean species tested ( Liodakis et al., 2002). This discrepancy may be due to different ignition devices used in the two studies.

[\textbackslash n] Heat content is known to be highly dependent upon the chemical composition of a fuel. The GHC values obtained in this study for live C. sempervirens samples in the oxygen bomb test were higher than those obtained for litter ( Table 3). Whereas, in contrast to the findings of Elvira and Hernando (1989), only slight differences in GHC values of live samples were found between spring and summer in the present study ( Table 4). Madrigal et al. (2011) reported a higher GHC for live P. halepensis and P. pinaster needles than for C. sempervirens and Pinus pinea. Even greater differences were observed between species on comparing the GHC of litter samples ( Supplementary Table 2). Liodakis et al. (2002) reported a lower GHC for C. sempervirens leaves that for other Mediterranean species, both conifers and broadleaf species, possibly due to differences in the proportion of chemical components in the leaves and to differences in the residual mass fraction.

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[\textbackslash n] In highly resinous species (i.e. pines) and during the heating phase, the effect of volatile flammable gases (VOCs) is crucial in priming and/or accelerating combustion (Chetehouna et al., 2009). Our findings indicate the natural resistance of live fuel of common cypress to the initial stages of combustion (ignitability). The gases produced by thermal degradation of cypress live fuel did not ignite, irrespective of the heat source (EPI or MLC) or the heat flux to which the samples were subjected. The VOCs stored in cypress leaf glands (Della Rocca, 2012 and Moya and Moya, 2013d) are probably degassed (Greenberg et al., 2006 and Ciccioli et al., 2014) when vegetation is warming up (at 60-150 \textdegree C), and thus will not contribute to ignition. Moreover, cypress is not a resinous species in the strict sense. Neither the xylem or the bark produce resin constitutively, but only as consequence of mechanical wounds or lesions due to pathogens or pests.

[\textbackslash n] In Mediterranean regions characterized by long dry summers, litter appears to play a crucial role in fire risk and transmission (Hogkinson, 2002). Both conditioned and oven-dried C. sempervirens litter samples always ignited (IF 100\%); however, in the present study all flammability parameters (except TTI) measured at 35 kW/m2 were lower than those obtained at 25 kW/m2 for P. pinaster litter with the same FMC (11\%) by Madrigal et al. (2011) ( Supplementary Table 2). Comparing different Mediterranean species, Petriccione (2006) classified the flammability of cypress litter as moderate-high, similar to that of Myrtus communis, Q. ilex, O. europea and P. halepensis, but lower than that of Quercus pubescens, Fraxinus ornus, P. pinaster and Genista aetnensis.

[\textbackslash n] In nature, C. sempervirens litter has a high bulk density ( Ganteaume et al., 2013b), as the small segments accumulate in thick layers, also due to a low mineralisation rate ( Della Rocca et al., 2006). These traits reduce the circulation of air in the litter, which may act like a sponge and retain humidity, thus hampering ignition. A thick litter layer is also known to favour self-extinction of fire ( Orme\~no et al., 2009).

[\textbackslash n] In this study, the RMF at the end of the test was considered as ash content. In the MLC tests, the ash content of cypress fresh fine fuel ranged from 3.5 to 6.8\,\%. This is consistent with the results reported by Dimitrakopoulos and Panov (2001) who obtained higher values of mineral ash for C. sempervirens leaves (4.73\%) than for other Mediterranean species such as Q. ilex (2.9\%) and P. brutia (2.8\%). The heat content of plant material has been demonstrated to be negatively related to ash content. A higher ash content essentially indicates that there is less mass to burn ( Mutch and Philpot, 1970 and Philpot, 1970), thus influencing fire sustainability and consumability. [...]

[Management recommendations and future research]

Common cypress is known to produce a deep dense litter that is difficult to ignite and even prevents the development of understory vegetation due to a presumed allelopathic effect. This species is also often planted as a windbreak to protect valuable crops from prevailing winds in the Mediterranean area. In addition to these traits, the findings of our laboratory trials, which have demonstrated the low ignitability of crown and litter cypress samples, encourage further studies at tree and plantation levels to assess the effectiveness of cypress barriers as a silviculture measure to reduce wildfire initiation risk in sensitive sites (e.g. WUIs). Well designed plantations constructed with suitable varieties of cypress (selected for habit and resistance to pathogens causing severe dieback and resin exudation, e.g. cypress canker) and taking into account topography, flammability risk mapping, land use etc. may be useful for creating buffer zones to hinder or prevent the rapid spread of wildfire, also decreasing the likelihood that a surface fire will become a crown fire. The ability of cypress plantations to slow fire progression is derived from a combination of properties of individual trees. The need of transposing laboratory results and empirical observations to a real scale, lead the Diputaci\'on de Valencia (Spain) and the province of Siena (Italy) to plan the realization of the first experimental plantations of the 'cypress system' as a way to conduct further research aimed at improving prevention against wildfires. Useful information on setting up operational cypress plantations as firewalls is reported in Della Rocca et al. (2014).},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745883,~to-add-doi-URL,cupressus-sempervirens,fire-fuel,forest-resources,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745883}
}

@article{buhlmannAlnusViridisExpansion2014,
  title = {Alnus Viridis Expansion Contributes to Excess Reactive Nitrogen Release, Reduces Biodiversity and Constrains Forest Succession in the {{Alps}}},
  author = {B{\"u}hlmann, Tobias and Hiltbrunner, Erika and K{\"o}rner, Christian},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {124},
  pages = {187--191},
  doi = {10.1007/s00035-014-0134-y},
  abstract = {Reduction in land use and complete land abandonment are widespread in mountainous regions and are mainly driven by socio-economic factors. Following land-use decline, shrubs and trees expand rapidly into montane and subalpine grassland and alter ecosystem properties at a large scale. In particular, the N2-fixing shrub Alnus viridis is currently spreading at a breath-taking speed and thereby reduces biodiversity, leads to substantial reactive nitrogen enrichment and suppresses species succession towards coniferous forests across large areas in the Alps. In addition, this shrub vegetation neither protects against avalanches nor does it secure slopes from erosion. The expanding, monotonous A. viridis shrubland is impenetrable for hikers and diminishes scenic beauty and touristic value of the landscape. Actions and management adaptations are needed to halt the expansion of A. viridis. Goats and the traditional sheep breed Engadine sheep proved to be very effective in preventing and reverting shrub expansion because of their specific browsing behaviour.},
  journal = {Alpine Botany},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13488323,alnus-viridis,alpine-region,biodiversity,green-alder,nitrogen,succession},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13488323},
  number = {2}
}

@article{euforgenDistributionMapWild2014,
  title = {Distribution Map of {{Wild}} Service Tree ({{Sorbus}} Torminalis)},
  author = {{EUFORGEN}},
  year = {2014},
  abstract = {The distribution maps on this page were compiled by experts contributing to EUFORGEN activities, based on existing bibliography and other information sources.

Individuals may use the distribution maps for personal, educational, scientific or other non-commercial purposes without prior permission from the EUFORGEN Secretariat but they must acknowledge EUFORGEN as the source of information.

In case the distribution maps are used for a publication, the EUFORGEN Secretariat would appreciate receiving a notification or a copy of the publication.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13759205,forest-resources,sorbus-torminalis,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13759205}
}

@article{rodriguez-aserettoFreeOpenSource2013,
  title = {Free and {{Open Source Software}} Underpinning the {{European Forest Data Centre}}},
  author = {{Rodriguez-Aseretto}, Dario and Di Leo, Margherita and {de Rigo}, Daniele and Corti, Paolo and McInerney, Daniel and Camia, Andrea and {San-Miguel-Ayanz}, Jes{\'u}s},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {12101+},
  issn = {1607-7962},
  doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.155700},
  abstract = {Worldwide, governments are growingly focusing on free and open source software (FOSS) as a move toward transparency and the freedom to run, copy, study, change and improve the software. The European Commission (EC) is also supporting the development of FOSS [...]. In addition to the financial savings, FOSS contributes to scientific knowledge freedom in computational science (CS) and is increasingly rewarded in the science-policy interface within the emerging paradigm of open science. Since complex computational science applications may be affected by software uncertainty, FOSS may help to mitigate part of the impact of software errors by CS community- driven open review, correction and evolution of scientific code. The continental scale of EC science-based policy support implies wide networks of scientific collaboration. Thematic information systems also may benefit from this approach within reproducible integrated modelling. This is supported by the EC strategy on FOSS: "for the development of new information systems, where deployment is foreseen by parties outside of the EC infrastructure, FOSS will be the preferred choice and in any case used whenever possible". The aim of this contribution is to highlight how a continental scale information system may exploit and integrate FOSS technologies within the transdisciplinary research underpinning such a complex system. A European example is discussed where FOSS innervates both the structure of the information system itself and the inherent transdisciplinary research for modelling the data and information which constitute the system content. [...]},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11988844,computational-science,data-transformation-modelling,environmental-modelling,europe,free-scientific-knowledge,free-scientific-software,free-software,gdal,geospatial,geospatial-semantic-array-programming,gis,gnu-octave,gnu-r,guidos-mspa,integrated-modelling,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,mastrave-modelling-library,modelling,modelling-uncertainty,numpy,open-science,pktools,python,robust-modelling,science-policy-interface,scipy,semantic-array-programming,semantics,semap,software-engineering,software-errors,software-uncertainty,system-engineering,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11988844},
  series = {Geophysical {{Research Abstracts}}}
}

@incollection{farjonTaxusBaccataVersion2013,
  title = {Taxus Baccata - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Farjon, A.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {42546/0+},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] The Common Yew (Taxus baccata) has a very extensive range throughout Europe and beyond. Exploitation and attempts at eradication are no longer current. Cultivated rather than wild populations are exploited for chemical compounds to produce Taxol\textregistered{} unlike the situation with other yew species. Expansion is observed in many woodlands in recent decades. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Common Yew, European Yew [::]French - If [::Range Description] Taxus baccata occurs in all European countries as well as those in the Caucasus, and from Turkey eastwards to northern Iran. In North Africa it occurs in Morocco and Algeria. Consequently its extent of occurrence is well in excess of the Red List thresholds for any threatened category. [::Countries] Native:Albania; Algeria; Andorra; Armenia (Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh); Austria; Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan); Belgium; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France (Corsica); Georgia (Abkhaziya, Adzhariya); Germany; Gibraltar; Greece (Kriti); Guernsey; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Ireland; Isle of Man; Italy (Sardegna, Sicilia); Jersey; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Morocco; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal (Azores); Romania; Russian Federation (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetiya, Kabardino-Balkariya, Kaliningrad, Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, Krasnodar, Severo-Osetiya, Stavropol); Serbia (Serbia); Spain (Baleares); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey (Turkey-in-Europe); Ukraine (Krym); United Kingdom [::Population] The global population is increasing due to changed woodland management, which has become less intensified in many parts of Europe. In Scandinavia, it may be expected to expand inland from coastal areas if the warming climate trend continues. [::Habitat and Ecology] Taxus baccata is capable of growing under (not entirely closed) canopy of beech (Fagus spp.) as well as other deciduous broad-leaved trees, but it will only develop to large trees in more open situations. In Switzerland, the richest area of Central Europe for yew, it forms a yew-beech wood on cool, steep marl slopes in the Jura and the foothills of the Alps up to 1,400 m a.s.l. (Ellenberg 1988). Under the evergreen Common Yew, nothing else will grow. In England, T. baccata is best developed on chalk downs - again on steep slopes - and can form extensive stands outside the beech woods invading down grassland. In much of Europe where the climate is less oceanic it survives better in mixed forests, coniferous as well as mixed broad-leaved-conifer forests, again mostly on limestone substrates, and often occupying rocky cliffs and slopes. On acid soils yews perform less well under canopy and usually do not develop beyond a sapling stage in woods. Its northern limits in Scandinavia are determined by its sensitivity to severe frost. Its toxicity (all parts except the red arils around the seeds) prevent browsing by cattle and sheep, but not by rabbits and deer, as these animals have developed a level of immunity to the dangerous alkaloids. Apart from seed germination (dispersed by birds), T. baccata readily regenerates from stumps and roots (suckers); ancient hollow trees may rejuvenate constantly in this way. When planted, e.g. in church yards and cemeteries, soil pH seems unimportant; some of the largest and presumably oldest specimen trees in NW Europe, in particular Brittany (France) and the British Isles, are known from such locations and were planted probably since Celtic times [::Use and Trade] In the Middle Ages the wood of Common Yew was very much in demand for long-bows and cross-bows and was exported from Switzerland to England. Yews were also planted near sacred wells, early Christian churches, monasteries, and castles for symbolic/religious reasons as well as practical (military) ones. It still is one of the obligatory cemetery trees in NW and Central Europe. The hard, slow growing wood is used for gates, furniture, parquet floors, panelling, and is excellent for carving and wood turning as its contorted growth and 'burls' form intricate, vari-coloured patterns. For the same reasons yew does not provide timber suitable for construction. The toxicity to cattle and horses has led to extermination of Taxus baccata from many woodlands in past centuries, when almost all woodland served for grazing animals. Although of lower concentration than in some other species, its alkaloid taxanes, contained mostly in the leaves, yield a semi-synthesized anti-cancer drug similar to Taxol\textregistered{} and yew hedge clippings can still be sold to pharmaceutical companies. As an ornamental shrub or tree it reappeared in the formal gardens of the Baroque period, as it lends itself to clipped hedges and topiary of all shapes. This horticultural interest has in turn led to the development of numerous cultivars, some of which have bright yellow arils around the seeds. [::Major Threat(s)] Although in past centuries Yew has been 'persecuted' in much of Europe and it had become rare in many areas, with the changes in woodland management and use since the nineteenth century the species has made a remarkable come-back and is not in danger of extinction in the wild.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621296,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,taxus-baccata},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621296}
}

@incollection{ducciWildCherryBreeding2013,
  title = {Wild Cherry Breeding ({{Prunus}} Avium {{L}}.)},
  booktitle = {Forest {{Tree Breeding}} in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Ducci, Fulvio and De Cuyper, Bart and De Rogatis, Anna and Dufour, Jean and Santi, Fr{\'e}derique},
  editor = {P{\^a}ques, Luc E.},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {463--511},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9\\_10},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13798294,forest-resources,prunus-avium,species-description,tree-breeding},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13798294},
  series = {Managing {{Forest Ecosystems}}}
}

@article{adamsPhylogenyJuniperusUsing2013a,
  title = {Phylogeny of {{Juniperus}} Using {{nrDNA}} and Four {{cpDNA}} Regions},
  author = {Adams, R. P. and Schwarzbach, A. E.},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {179--187},
  abstract = {The Phylogeny of Juniperusis presented based on nrDNA (ITS), petN-psbM, trnS-trnG, trnD-trnT, trnL-trnF sequencing (4411 bp) utilizing all currently recognized species. The major clades of the phylogenetic tree were congruent with the previouslypublished phylogenetic tree of Mao et al. (2010) that had a subset of taxa of the current study. The lone species with serrate leaves in the eastern hemisphere, J. phoenicea, was found to be in a clade quite separated from the serrate junipers of North America. Juniperus phoeniceais referred to as 'pseudoserrate' to distinguish it from the semi-arid, serrate leaf junipers of the western hemisphere. Section Sabinais the most derived group and has radiated into niches in both the eastern and western hemispheres with approx. 60 species.},
  journal = {Phytologia},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13699749,forest-resources,juniperus-spp,phylogenetics,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13699749},
  number = {2}
}

@article{emanuelDownscalingCMIP5Climate2013,
  title = {Downscaling {{CMIP5}} Climate Models Shows Increased Tropical Cyclone Activity over the 21st Century},
  author = {Emanuel, Kerry A.},
  year = {2013},
  month = jul,
  volume = {110},
  pages = {12219--12224},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1301293110},
  abstract = {A recently developed technique for simulating large [O(104)] numbers of tropical cyclones in climate states described by global gridded data is applied to simulations of historical and future climate states simulated by six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) global climate models. Tropical cyclones downscaled from the climate of the period 1950-2005 are compared with those of the 21st century in simulations that stipulate that the radiative forcing from greenhouse gases increases by over preindustrial values. In contrast to storms that appear explicitly in most global models, the frequency of downscaled tropical cyclones increases during the 21st century in most locations. The intensity of such storms, as measured by their maximum wind speeds, also increases, in agreement with previous results. Increases in tropical cyclone activity are most prominent in the western North Pacific, but are evident in other regions except for the southwestern Pacific. The increased frequency of events is consistent with increases in a genesis potential index based on monthly mean global model output. These results are compared and contrasted with other inferences concerning the effect of global warming on tropical cyclones.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12594519,atmosphere,climate-change,climate-extremes,climate-projections,cyclone,global-scale,meteorology,windstorm},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12594519},
  number = {30}
}

@article{quoidbachEndHistoryIllusion2013,
  title = {The {{End}} of {{History Illusion}}},
  author = {Quoidbach, Jordi and Gilbert, Daniel T. and Wilson, Timothy D.},
  year = {2013},
  month = jan,
  volume = {339},
  pages = {96--98},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1229294},
  abstract = {We measured the personalities, values, and preferences of more than 19,000 people who ranged in age from 18 to 68 and asked them to report how much they had changed in the past decade and/or to predict how much they would change in the next decade. Young people, middle-aged people, and older people all believed they had changed a lot in the past but would change relatively little in the future. People, it seems, regard the present as a watershed moment at which they have finally become the person they will be for the rest of their lives. This '' end of history illusion'' had practical consequences, leading people to overpay for future opportunities to indulge their current preferences.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11864984,cognitive-biases,end-of-history-bias},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11864984},
  number = {6115}
}

@incollection{farjonPinusBrutiaVersion2013,
  title = {Pinus Brutia - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Farjon, A.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {42347/0+},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Pinus brutia is assessed as Least Concern as it is widespread and abundant in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, and actually spreading from plantations. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Calabrian Pine, Brutia Pine [::Taxonomic Notes] Four varieties are recognized; the typical variety which is widespread in the eastern Mediterranean, var. eldarica from the Caucasus, Iran and Iraq, var. pendulifolia from Turkey and var. pityusa from the Caucasus and Crimea. Pinus brutia var. eldarica has been separately assessed as Near Threatened while P. brutia var. pityusa has been separately assessed as Vulnerable due to habitat loss in many areas. [::Range Description] Found in the eastern Mediterranean Region; around the Black Sea; Caucasus; Turkey; NW Iran; and N Iraq. The extent of~occurrence~and area of occupancy are both beyond the thresholds for any threatened category. [::Countries] Native:Armenia (Armenia); Azerbaijan; Cyprus; Georgia; Greece (East Aegean Is., Kriti); Lebanon; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey; Ukraine (Krym) [::Population] The population is thought to be increasing. [::Habitat and Ecology] Pinus brutia can form extensive, relatively open pine forests, either pure or mixed with Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus excelsa, or mixed open woodland with Quercus coccifera or Q. calliprinos, Pistacio lentiscus and other drought tolerant trees. It regenerates after fire by seed dispersal and can successfully invade maquis vegetation when this does not burn for several years. The near-coastal natural distribution of this pine coincides with the Mediterranean climate characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. In contrast with planted forests, natural forests of Pinus brutia have a diverse undergrowth of shrubs and herbs and form important habitat for wildlife. The altitudinal range of this species is from near sea level to 1,500 m. [::Use and Trade] Pinus brutia has been planted extensively in countries around the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea as it is the easiest pine to grow (with P. halepensis) in the Mediterranean climate. It was originally described from Calabria in Italy, which is probably a planted source. Frequent use of P. halepensis sources from the western Mediterranean threaten to destroy the genetic distinctions between the two species, possibly also in natural stands of P. brutia. The latter species has a 'better' stem shape and growth from a forestry point of view and should therefore be protected. Its timber is used for fencing posts, telephone posts, building timbers, railway sleepers, carpentry, boxes and crates, hardboard and pulp. The resin of both pines has been used from ancient times to flavour white wines known as retsina and is still tapped especially in Turkey, now mainly for the production of turpentine. In horticulture its use is less common, mainly as an occasional amenity tree in villages and towns around the Mediterranean Sea; this species was also tried as a forestry plantation tree in SE Australia. [::Major Threat(s)] No specific threats have been identified for this species.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621292,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,pinus-brutia},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621292}
}

@article{soderbergRisingPolicyConflicts2013,
  title = {Rising Policy Conflicts in {{Europe}} over Bioenergy and Forestry},
  author = {S{\"o}derberg, Charlotta and Eckerberg, Katarina},
  year = {2013},
  month = aug,
  volume = {33},
  pages = {112--119},
  issn = {1389-9341},
  doi = {10.1016/j.forpol.2012.09.015},
  abstract = {[Highlights]

[::] EU Bioenergy policy cuts across forest, agriculture, energy and transport sectors. [::] Increased pressure on forest biomass risks putting EU in a wood-deficit situation. [::] Bioenergy conflicts regard land use, biodiversity, climate and sustainability. [::] Conflicts on environmental consequences from bioenergy policy are reconcilable. [::] Conflicts on globally shared rights and responsibilities are not easily reconciled.

[Abstract] Growing concerns over emissions of green-house gases causing climate change as well as energy security concerns have spurred the interest in bioenergy production pushed by EU targets to fulfil the goal of 20~per cent renewable energy in 2020, as well as the goal of 10~per cent renewable fuels in transport by 2020. Increased bioenergy production is also seen to have political and economic benefits for rural areas and farming regions in Europe and in the developing world. There are, however, conflicting views on the potential benefits of large scale bioenergy production, and recent debates have also drawn attention to a range of environmental and socio-economic issues that may arise in this respect. One of these challenges will be that of accommodating forest uses - including wood for energy, and resulting intensification of forest management - with biodiversity protection in order to meet EU policy goals. We note that the use of biomass and biofuels spans over several economic sector policy areas, which calls for assessing and integrating environmental concerns across forest, agriculture, energy and transport sectors. In this paper, we employ frame analysis to identify the arguments for promoting bioenergy and assess the potential policy conflicts in the relevant sectors, through the analytical lens of environmental policy integration. We conclude that while there is considerable leverage of environmental arguments in favour of bioenergy in the studied economic sectors, and potential synergies with other policy goals, environmental interest groups remain sceptical to just how bioenergy is currently being promoted. There is a highly polarised debate particularly relating to biofuel production. Based on our analysis, we discuss the potential for how those issues could be reconciled drawing on the frame conflict theory, distinguishing between policy disagreements and policy controversies.},
  journal = {Forest Policy and Economics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11738844,~to-add-doi-URL,bioenergy,biomass,europe,forest-resources,ghg,science-policy-interface,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11738844}
}

@article{carnicerLargescaleRecruitmentLimitation2013,
  title = {Large-Scale Recruitment Limitation in {{Mediterranean}} Pines: The Role of {{Quercus}} Ilex and Forest Successional Advance as Key Regional Drivers},
  author = {Carnicer, Jofre and Coll, Marta and Pons, Xavier and Ninyerola, Miquel and Vayreda, Jordi and Pe{\~n}uelas, Josep},
  year = {2013},
  month = oct,
  pages = {n/a},
  issn = {1466-8238},
  doi = {10.1111/geb.12111},
  abstract = {Aim Large-scale patterns of limitations in tree recruitment remain poorly described in the Mediterranean Basin, and this information is required to assess the impacts of global warming on forests. Here, we unveil the existence of opposite trends of recruitment limitation between the dominant genera Quercus and Pinus on a large scale and identify the key ecological drivers of these diverging trends. Location Spain Methods We gathered data from the Spanish National Forest inventory to assess recruitment trends for the dominant species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus uncinata, Quercus suber, Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Quercus faginea and Quercus pyrenaica). We assessed the direct and indirect drivers of recruitment by applying Bayesian structural equation modelling techniques. Results Severe limitations in recruitment were observed across extensive areas for all Pinus species studied, with recruitment failure affecting 54-71\,\% of the surveyed plots. In striking contrast, Quercus species expanded into 41\,\% of the plots surveyed compared to only 10\,\% for Pinus and had a lower local recruitment failure (29\,\% of Quercus localities compared to 63\,\% for Pinus species). Bayesian structural equation models highlighted the key role of the presence of Q.\,ilex saplings and the increase in the basal area of Q.\,ilex in limiting recruitment in five Pinus species. The recruitment of P.\,sylvestris and P.\,nigra showed the most negative trends and was negatively associated with the impacts of fire. Main conclusions This study identified Q.\,ilex, the most widespread species in this area, as a key driver of recruitment shifts on a large scale, negatively affecting most pine species with the advance of forest succession. These results highlight that the future expansion/contraction of Q.\,ilex stands with ongoing climate change will be a key process indirectly controlling the demographic responses of Pinus species in the Mediterranean Basin.},
  journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12651320,anthropogenic-changes,anthropogenic-unsustainable-species-distribution,climate-change,ecosystem-invasibility,forest-resources,global-warming,invasive-species,mediterranean-region,pinus-halepensis,pinus-nigra,pinus-pinaster,pinus-pinea,pinus-sylvestris,pinus-uncinata,plantation,potential-habitat,quercus-faginea,quercus-ilex,quercus-petraea,quercus-pyrenaica,quercus-robur,quercus-suber,spain,sustainability},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12651320}
}

@article{sextonGlobal30mResolution2013,
  title = {Global, 30-m Resolution Continuous Fields of Tree Cover: {{Landsat}}-Based Rescaling of {{MODIS}} Vegetation Continuous Fields with Lidar-Based Estimates of Error},
  author = {Sexton, Joseph O. and Song, Xiao-Peng and Feng, Min and Noojipady, Praveen and Anand, Anupam and Huang, Chengquan and Kim, Do-Hyung and Collins, Kathrine M. and Channan, Saurabh and DiMiceli, Charlene and Townshend, John R.},
  year = {2013},
  month = sep,
  volume = {6},
  pages = {427--448},
  issn = {1753-8947},
  doi = {10.1080/17538947.2013.786146},
  abstract = {We developed a global, 30-m resolution dataset of percent tree cover by rescaling the 250-m MOderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) Tree Cover layer using circa- 2000 and 2005 Landsat images, incorporating the MODIS Cropland Layer to improve accuracy in agricultural areas. Resulting Landsat-based estimates maintained consistency with the MODIS VCF in both epochs (RMSE = 8.6\,\% in 2000 and 11.9\,\% in 2005), but showed improved accuracy in agricultural areas and increased discrimination of small forest patches. Against lidar measurements, the Landsat-based estimates exhibited accuracy slightly less than that of the MODIS VCF (RMSE = 16.8\,\% for MODIS-based vs. 17.4\,\% for Landsat-based estimates), but RMSE of Landsat estimates was 3.3 percentage points lower than that of the MODIS data in an agricultural region. The Landsat data retained the saturation artifact of the MODIS VCF at greater than or equal to 80\,\% tree cover but showed greater potential for removal of errors through calibration to lidar, with post-calibration RMSE of 9.4\,\% compared to 13.5\,\% in MODIS estimates. Provided for free download at the Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) website (www.landcover.org), the 30-m resolution GLCF tree cover dataset is the highest-resolution multi-temporal depiction of Earth's tree cover available to the Earth science community.},
  journal = {International Journal of Digital Earth},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12286079,~to-add-doi-URL,forest-resources,global-scale,land-cover,lidar,modis,open-data,proportion,remote-sensing},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12286079},
  number = {5}
}

@article{seebachChoiceForestMap2012,
  title = {Choice of Forest Map Has Implications for Policy Analysis: A Case Study on the {{EU}} Biofuel Target},
  author = {Seebach, Lucia and McCallum, Ian and Fritz, Steffen and Kindermann, Georg and Leduc, Sylvain and B{\"o}ttcher, Hannes and Fuss, Sabine},
  year = {2012},
  month = oct,
  volume = {22},
  pages = {13--24},
  issn = {1462-9011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2012.04.010},
  abstract = {With the increasing availability of European and global forest maps, users are facing the difficult choice to select the most appropriate map for their purposes. Many of these maps are potential input datasets for forest-related applications for the European Union (EU), due to their spatial extent and harmonised approach at the European level. However, they possess different characteristics in terms of spatial detail or thematic accuracy. Little attention has been paid to the effect of these characteristics on simulation models and the resultant policy implications. In this study we tested whether the choice of a forest map has substantial influence on model output, i.e. if output differences can be related to the input differences. A sensitivity analysis of the spatially explicit Global Forest Model (G4M) was performed using four different forest maps: the pan-European high resolution forest/non-forest map (FMAP), the Corine Land Cover (CLC), the Calibrated European Forest Map (CEFM) and the Global Land Cover (GLC). Finally, the impact of potential differences owing to input datasets on decision-making was tested in a selected case study: reaching the EU 10\,\% biofuel target through enhanced utilization of forest biomass. The sensitivity analysis showed that the choice of the forest cover map has a major influence on the model outputs in particular at the country-level, while having less influence at the EU27 level. Differences between the input datasets are strongly reflected in the outputs. Similarly, depending on the choice of the input alternate options for decision-making were found within the hypothesized biofuel target (case study), demonstrating a substantial value of information. In general, it was demonstrated that input maps are the major driver of decision-making if forest resource outputs of the model are their basis. Improvement of the input forest map would result in immediate benefit for a better decision-making basis. \^a\textordmasculine{} Sensitivity analysis of a simulation model showed strong influence of forest maps. \^a\textordmasculine{} Strongest effect on model outputs at country-level, less influence at EU27 level. \^a\textordmasculine{} An EU biofuel case study found similar effect of forest maps on decision-making. \^a\textordmasculine{} Importance of careful choice of forest input maps for models is highlighted. \^a\textordmasculine{} Map improvement brings immediate benefit to decision-making policy process.},
  journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10900721,bioenergy,communicating-uncertainty,environmental-modelling,europe,forest-resources,mapping,modelling,science-based-decision-making,science-policy-interface,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10900721}
}

@article{dimaioUncertaintyOptimalLevel2012,
  title = {Uncertainty and the Optimal Level of Specialization},
  author = {Di Maio, Michele and Valente, Marco},
  year = {2012},
  month = sep,
  volume = {66},
  pages = {213--218},
  issn = {1090-9443},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rie.2012.04.001},
  abstract = {Using a two-sector one-factor comparative-advantage-based trade model under uncertainty, we show that (1) to specialize according to comparative advantages may be sub-optimal in a multi-period setting; (2) there are conditions under which, even if agents are risk-neutral, the decentralized solution is inefficient and characterized by overspecialization. \^a\textordmasculine{} Comparative-advantage-induced full specialization may be sub-optimal in a multi-period setting. \^a\textordmasculine{} The centralized and the decentralized optimal level of specialization are different in a multi-period setting. \^a\textordmasculine{} The decentralized optimal level of specialization is inefficient and characterized by overspecialization.},
  journal = {Research in Economics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10618916,competition,economics,local-over-complication,overspecialization,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10618916},
  number = {3}
}

@article{haughianExpectedEffectsClimate2012,
  title = {Expected Effects of Climate Change on Forest Disturbance Regimes in {{British Columbia}}},
  author = {Haughian, Sean and Burton, Philip and Taylor, Steve and Curry, Charles},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  issn = {1488-4674},
  abstract = {Projections for forest disturbance and damage under a changing climate in British Columbia are summarized, with the objective of collating regionally specific expectations so that land managers can take pro-active steps to avoid or adapt to the changes expected. While some projections are based on extrapolations of recent multi-decadal trends, most are based on global climate models (GCMs) that must make assumptions about the range of CO2 emissions and the status of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions over the next century. Regardless of emission scenarios, it is universally expected that British Columbia will experience warmer air temperatures, coupled with more precipitation in some regions and less in others. Forest fires are expected to be more frequent and more intense in the southern half of the province and in the Taiga Plains, but less important in other portions of the province. Forest insects and fungal pathogens are expected to more fully occupy the current range of their host tree species and expand ranges northward and to higher elevations along with their hosts. More frequent and detrimental pest outbreaks are expected in some regions when several years of favourable weather align. Wind damage, floods, and landslides can be expected to increase on terrain where they are already a risk factor. For many agents of tree mortality, expected changes in disturbance regime amount to an expansion or shifting of the seasonal window of activity, sometimes with different trends projected for different seasons and different regions of the province. The prediction of future forest disturbance regimes is in its infancy, requiring a much more concerted effort in compiling both empirical and simulated data, but managers may wish to adjust plans accordingly where there is largely a consensus among current and projected trends.},
  journal = {Journal of Ecosystems and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13940422,disturbance-ecology,ecoprovinces,forest-pathogens,insect-outbreaks,tree-mortality,wildfires,wind-damage},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13940422},
  number = {1}
}

@book{communityNumPyReferenceGuide2012,
  title = {{{NumPy Reference Guide}}},
  author = {{community}, The Scipy},
  year = {2012},
  publisher = {{SciPy.org}},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11894772,computational-science,free-scientific-software,free-software,python,reference-manual,scipy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11894772}
}

@article{merianSizemediatedClimategrowthRelationships2011,
  title = {Size-Mediated Climate-Growth Relationships in Temperate Forests: A Multi-Species Analysis},
  author = {M{\'e}rian, Pierre and Lebourgeois, Fran{\c c}ois},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  volume = {261},
  pages = {1382--1391},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.019},
  abstract = {In most dendrochronological studies, climate-growth relationships are established on dominant trees to minimize non-climatic signals. However, response to environmental factors may be affected by tree-size, which begs the question of the representativeness of dominant trees on the stand level. To highlight the variations in climate-growth relationships among sizes and species, under a wide range of ecological conditions (climate and soil properties), 61 pure even-aged stands were sampled across France. At each stand, two tree-ring chronologies were established from 10 big- to 10 small-diameter trees. Our objectives were, (1) to assess variations in climate sensitivity between the two size-diameter classes, and (2) to investigate the role of species and ecological conditions on these variations. The climate-growth relationships were evaluated from 122 tree-ring chronologies (1~220 trees) through extreme growth years and correlation function analyses. Sensitivity to climate of shade-intolerant and moderately shade-tolerant species (Picea abies (L.) Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) remained constant between the size-diameter classes for both temperature and hydric balance, while the shade-tolerant species Abies alba Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. displayed significant differences, with larger trees being more sensitive to summer drought than smaller trees. This difference increased with increasing climatic xericity. Our results suggest that, for shade-tolerant species, (1) big trees could be more sensitive to climatic change especially under xeric climate, and (2) future tree ring studies should include trees stratified by size to produce unbiased estimation of sensitivity to climate. \^a\textordmasculine{} We investigated the tree-size effect on sensitivity to climate. \^a\textordmasculine{} Study was led on a multi-species network at broad scale. \^a\textordmasculine{} Only shade-tolerant species display changes in sensitivity among size-classes. \^a\textordmasculine{} Increasing local xericity induces increasing differences in sensitivity.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8837665,abies-alba,climate-change,drought-tolerance,droughts,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,picea-abies,pinus-sylvestris,population-growth,quercus-petraea,shade-tolerance},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-8837665},
  number = {8}
}

@incollection{klemensApophenia2011,
  title = {Apophenia},
  booktitle = {Free {{Software Directory}}},
  author = {Klemens, Ben},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {{Free Software Foundation}},
  address = {{Boston, USA}},
  abstract = {'Apophenia' is a statistical library for C. It provides functions on the same level as those of the typical stats package (OLS, probit, singular value decomposition, \&c.) but doesn't tie the user to an ad hoc language or environment. It uses the GNU Scientific Library for number crunching and SQLite for data management, so the library itself focuses on model estimation and quickly processing data.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12643587,free-scientific-software,free-software,free-software-directory,gplv2,gplv2orlater,statistics},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12643587}
}

@article{rawatModellingStreamRunoff2011,
  title = {Modelling of Stream Run-off and Sediment Output for Erosion Hazard Assessment in {{Lesser Himalaya}}: Need for Sustainable Land Use Plan Using Remote Sensing and {{GIS}}: A Case Study},
  author = {Rawat, Pradeep K. and Tiwari, P. C. and Pant, C. C. and Sharama, A. K. and Pant, P. D.},
  year = {2011},
  month = may,
  volume = {59},
  pages = {1277--1297},
  issn = {0921-030X},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-011-9833-5},
  abstract = {Assessment and inventory on soil erosion hazard are essential for the formulation of successful hazard mitigation plans and sustainable development. The objective of this study was to assess and map soil erosion hazard in Lesser Himalaya with a case study. The Dabka watershed constitutes a part of the Kosi Basin in the Lesser Himalaya, India, in district Nainital has been selected for the case illustration. The average rate of erosion hazard is 0.68~mm/year or 224~tons/km2/year. Anthropogenic and geo-environmental factors have together significantly accelerated the rate of erosion. This reconnaissance study estimates the erosion rate over the period of 3~years (2006-2008) as 1.21~mm/year (398~tons/km2/year) in the barren land having geological background of diamictite, siltstone and shale rocks, 0.92~mm/year (302~tons/km2/year) in the agricultural land with lithology of diamictite, slates, siltstone, limestone rocks, while in the forest land, it varies between 0.20~mm/year (66~tons/km2/year) under dense forest land having the geology of quartzwacke and quartrenite rocks and 0.40~mm/year (132~tons/km2/year) under open forest/shrubs land having geological setup of shale, dolomite and gypsum rocks. Compared to the intensity of erosion in the least disturbed dense forest, the erosion rate is about 5-6 times higher in the most disturbed agricultural land and barren land, respectively. The erosion hazard zones delineated following scalogram modelling approach. Integrated scalogram modelling approach resulted in severe classes of soil erosion hazard in the study area with numerical values of Erosion Hazard Index (EHI) ranging between 01 (very low hazard) and 5 (very high hazard).},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-9314510,gis,himalayan-region,runoff,sediment-transport,soil-erosion,soil-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-9314510},
  number = {3}
}

@article{nedelchevaTraditionalUsePlants2011,
  title = {The {{Traditional Use}} of {{Plants}} for {{Handicrafts}} in {{Southeastern Europe}}},
  author = {Nedelcheva, Anely and Dogan, Yunus and {Obratov-Petkovic}, Dragica and Padure, IoanaM},
  year = {2011},
  month = dec,
  volume = {39},
  pages = {813--828},
  issn = {0300-7839},
  doi = {10.1007/s10745-011-9432-9},
  journal = {Human Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10118338,balkans,forest-resources,handicraft,wooden-artifact,woody-species},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10118338},
  number = {6}
}

@article{stenlidEmergingDiseasesEuropean2011,
  title = {Emerging Diseases in {{European}} Forest Ecosystems and Responses in Society},
  author = {Stenlid, Jan and Oliva, Jon{\`a}s and Boberg, Johanna B. and Hopkins, Anna J. M.},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  volume = {2},
  pages = {486--504},
  issn = {1999-4907},
  doi = {10.3390/f2020486},
  abstract = {New diseases in forest ecosystems have been reported at an increasing rate over the last century. Some reasons for this include the increased disturbance by humans to forest ecosystems, changed climatic conditions and intensified international trade. Although many of the contributing factors to the changed disease scenarios are anthropogenic, there has been a reluctance to control them by legislation, other forms of government authority or through public involvement. Some of the primary obstacles relate to problems in communicating biological understanding of concepts to the political sphere of society. Relevant response to new disease scenarios is very often associated with a proper understanding of intraspecific variation in the challenging pathogen. Other factors could be technical, based on a lack of understanding of possible countermeasures. There are also philosophical reasons, such as the view that forests are part of the natural ecosystems and should not be managed for natural disturbances such as disease outbreaks. Finally, some of the reasons are economic or political, such as a belief in free trade or reluctance to acknowledge supranational intervention control. Our possibilities to act in response to new disease threats are critically dependent on the timing of efforts. A common recognition of the nature of the problem and adapting vocabulary that describe relevant biological entities would help to facilitate timely and adequate responses in society to emerging diseases in forests.},
  journal = {Forests},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-9105771,diseases,ecosystem,europe,forest-resources,society},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-9105771},
  number = {2}
}

@incollection{charleboisElderberryBotanyHorticulture2010,
  title = {Elderberry: {{Botany}}, {{Horticulture}}, {{Potential}}},
  booktitle = {Horticultural {{Reviews}}},
  author = {Charlebois, D. and Byers, P. L. and Finn, C. E. and Thomas, A. L.},
  editor = {Janick, J.},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {{Wiley}},
  abstract = {INTRODUCTION The elderberry or elder (Sambucus ssp.) in production or growing wild in the northern hemisphere, may have the widest range of applications of all small fruits. Members of the genus Sambucus have a multitude of uses including: river bank stabilization and windbreaks (Paquet and Jutras 1996); wildlife food and refuge; ornamental, crafts and games; versatile human food source, and multi-purpose medicinal (Vall\`es et al. 2004). While the scientific documentation related to elderberries has increased over the last two decades, few reviews have been published. Martin and Mott (1997) reviewed the selection, cultivation, and management of American elderberry for wildlife and habitat management. More recently, the ecology of the European elderberry in the British Isles was thoroughly reviewed by Atkinson and Atkinson (2002). Finally, Charlebois (2007) reviewed the medicinal properties of elderberries, some of which were already mentioned in Dioscorides' Materia Medica written around the first century. Despite a well established commercial production in many countries of Europe and an increasing interest in North America, little attention has been paid to the horticultural aspects of this genus and its potential as a food and a medicinal crop. Recent works linking an antioxidant-rich diet to disease prevention (Prior 2003; Willcox et al. 2004; Scalbert et al. 2005; Zafra-Stone et al. 2007; Seeram 2008), along with the versatility of elderberry as a crop, a food, and a medicine, have generated a renewed interest in this genus. This paper reviews European and American elderberries.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13609098,sambucus-canadensis,sambucus-nigra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13609098},
  number = {37},
  series = {Horticultural {{Reviews}}}
}

@article{bagMultistageVotingSequential2009,
  title = {Multi-Stage Voting, Sequential Elimination and {{Condorcet}} Consistency},
  author = {Bag, Parimal K. and Sabourian, Hamid and Winter, Eyal},
  year = {2009},
  month = may,
  volume = {144},
  pages = {1278--1299},
  issn = {0022-0531},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jet.2008.11.012},
  abstract = {A class of voting procedures based on repeated ballots and elimination of one candidate in each round is shown to always induce an outcome in the top cycle and is thus Condorcet consistent, when voters behave strategically. This is an important class as it covers multi-stage, sequential elimination extensions of all standard one-shot voting rules (with the exception of negative voting), the same one-shot rules that would fail Condorcet consistency. The necessity of repeated ballots and sequential elimination are demonstrated by further showing that Condorcet consistency would fail in all standard voting rules that violate one or both of these conditions.},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Theory},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-4368976,decision-making-procedure,democracy,human-behaviour,mathematical-reasoning,science-policy-interface,science-society-interface,society,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-4368976},
  number = {3}
}

@article{broomeEthicsClimateChange2008,
  title = {The {{Ethics}} of {{Climate Change}}},
  author = {Broome, John},
  year = {2008},
  month = jun,
  volume = {298},
  pages = {96--102},
  issn = {0036-8733},
  doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0608-96},
  abstract = {[Key concepts]

[:1] Future generations will suffer most of the harmful effects of global climate change. Yet if the world economy grows, they will be richer than we are. [:2] The present generation must decide, with the help of expert advice from economists, whether to aggressively reduce the chances of future harm or to let our richer descendants largely fend for themselves. [:3] Economists cannot avoid making ethical choices in formulating their advice. [:4] Even the small chance of utter catastrophe from global warming raises special problems for ethical discussion.},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11583523,climate-change,communicating-uncertainty,science-ethics,scientific-communication},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11583523},
  number = {6}
}

@article{sharplesReviewFormalMethodologies2008,
  title = {Review of Formal Methodologies for Wind-Slope Correction of Wildfire Rate of Spread},
  author = {Sharples, Jason J.},
  year = {2008},
  volume = {17},
  pages = {179+},
  issn = {1049-8001},
  doi = {10.1071/wf06156},
  abstract = {The effects of wind and topographic slope are important considerations when determining the rate and direction of spread of wildfires. Accordingly, most models used to predict the direction and rate of spread contain components designed to account for these effects. Over the years, a variety of different approaches have been developed. In the present manuscript, we examine the various mathematical models employed to account for the effects of wind and slope at a formal level, making comparisons where appropriate. The methods reviewed include scalar methods, which ignore the directional nature of wind and slope effects, as well as methods in which the effects of wind and slope are combined in a vectorial manner. Both empirical and physical models for wind\textendash slope correction are considered.},
  journal = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14663407,aspect,comparison,empirical-equation,fire-behavior-prediction,modelling,review,slope,spatial-spread,topography,wildfires,wind},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14663407},
  number = {2}
}

@incollection{homeierPurdiaeaNutans2005,
  title = {Purdiaea Nutans},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Homeier, J.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Purdiaea nutans ist ein langsam wachsender, immergr\"uner Baum, der besonders durch seine pr\"achtigen Bl\"uten beeindruckt. Die Art geh\"ort zur kleinen Familie der Cyrillaceae, die nur 14 Arten umfasst. Cyrillaceen kommen ausschlie\ss lich in der Neuen Welt vor, vom S\"udosten der USA \"uber Mittelamerika und die Westindischen Inseln bis in den Norden S\"udamerikas. Der Verbreitungsschwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Kuba, von wo zehn Arten der Gattung Purdiaea bekannt sind .},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745807,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,purdiaea-nutans,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745807}
}

@incollection{ruginiOliveOleaEuropaea2005,
  title = {Olive ({{Olea}} Europaea {{L}}.)},
  booktitle = {Protocol for {{Somatic Embryogenesis}} in {{Woody Plants}}},
  author = {Rugini, Eddo and Mencuccini, Massimo and Biasi, Rita and Altamura, MariaMaddalena},
  editor = {{Jain} and Gupta, PramodK},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {345--360},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  doi = {10.1007/1-4020-2985-3\\_27},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13594187,~to-add-doi-URL,forest-resources,genetic-resources,olea-europaea},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13594187},
  series = {Forestry {{Sciences}}}
}

@article{liEffectsMicrositeGrowth2004,
  title = {Effects of Microsite on Growth of {{Pinus}} Cembra in the Subalpine Zone of the {{Austrian Alps}}},
  author = {Li, Mai-He and Yang, Jian},
  year = {2004},
  month = jun,
  volume = {61},
  pages = {319--325},
  issn = {1286-4560},
  doi = {10.1051/forest:2004025},
  journal = {Annals of Forest Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496491,alpine-region,ecology,pinus-cembra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13496491},
  number = {4}
}

@article{araujoWouldClimateChange2004,
  title = {Would Climate Change Drive Species out of Reserves? {{An}} Assessment of Existing Reserve-Selection Methods},
  author = {Araujo, Miguel B. and Cabeza, Mar and Thuiller, Wilfried and Hannah, Lee and Williams, Paul H.},
  year = {2004},
  month = sep,
  volume = {10},
  pages = {1618--1626},
  issn = {1354-1013},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00828.x},
  abstract = {Concern for climate change has not yet been integrated in protocols for reserve selection. However if climate changes as projected, there is a possibility that current reserve-selection methods might provide solutions that are inadequate to ensure species' long-term persistence within reserves. We assessed, for the first time, the ability of existing reserve-selection methods to secure species in a climate-change context. Six methods using a different combination of criteria (representation, suitability and reserve clustering) are compared. The assessment is carried out using European distributions of 1200 plant species and considering two extreme scenarios of response to climate change: no dispersal and universal dispersal. With our data, 6-11\,\% of species modelled would be potentially lost from selected reserves in a 50-year period. Measured uncertainties varied in 6\,\% being 1-3\,\% attributed to dispersal assumptions and 2-5\,\% to the choice of reserve-selection method. Suitability approaches to reserve selection performed best, while reserve clustering performed poorly. We also found that 5\,\% of species modelled would lose their entire climatic envelope in the studied area; 2\,\% of the species modelled would have nonoverlapping distributions; 93\,\% of the species modelled would maintain varying levels of overlapping distributions. We conclude there are opportunities to minimize species' extinctions within reserves but new approaches are needed to account for impacts of climate change on species; especially for those projected to have temporally nonoverlapping distributions.},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-201812,~to-add-doi-URL,climate-change,clustering,conservation,europe,species-dispersal,species-distribution,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-201812},
  number = {9}
}

@techreport{wolfEUFORGENTechnicalGuidelines2003,
  title = {{{EUFORGEN Technical}} Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use for Silver Fir ({{Abies}} Alba)},
  author = {Wolf, Heino},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {6},
  address = {{Rome, Italy}},
  institution = {{EUFORGEN}},
  abstract = {Since silver fir stands have been regenerated mainly naturally for a long period, there is reason to assume that they have preserved their original genetic structure and diversity, although the genetic composition of silver populations may have been modified by adaptation and/or drift processes. It is evident that in several parts of the distribution area genetic variation has been reduced due to the mentioned decline of silver fir. This reduction of population sizes may have reached a stage where the future survival of locally remnant populations is no longer guaranteed.

[] To preserve the population-specific genetic structures of silver fir, i.e. locally common alleles and the area-specific allele frequency distribution, many different populations from various distribution areas should be selected systematically for gene conservation purposes. The most effective way to conserve larger occurrences of silver fir and their genetic resources is through in situ conservation of stands and populations as well as their natural regeneration using long-term and small-scale regeneration methods. Additional activities are the promotion of silver fir individuals by tending and thinning, and the strict control of game. If planting of silver fir is required, culling for height of plants in the nursery should be avoided since genetic effects of this procedure cannot be excluded. In case of occurrences with a low number of individuals, enrichment planting in addition to the natural regeneration is recommended with plants from other, larger occurrences of the same region to avoid a higher frequency of half-sib offsprings and subsequent inbreeding in the next regeneration stage.

[] To avoid risks of interspecific geneflow, reforestation using exotic Abies species in the vicinity of silver fir stands should be strictly monitored. Only in marginal areas, with highly depleted genepools and where ecological conditions are very degraded could interspecific mating help to create new adapted genotypes. In all other cases, it should be avoided.

For small populations with a decreased number of individuals, and in addition to in situ conservation measures, the establishment of ex situ gene conservation seed orchards is highly recommended in order to overcome the isolation of individuals and to promote outcrossing. The sampling of single trees does not affect the genetic structure if a sufficient number of individuals is considered. However, sampling should be done exclusively in indigenous populations, randomly in respect to the phenotype but representatively in respect to ecological variation. Wherever possible, the genotype of the individuals sampled should be assessed and considered, e.g. using gene markers to avoid loss of genetic variation and a reduced diversity. Complementary to in situ and ex situ conservation measures, seeds of silver fir can be stored in genebanks for about 3 to 5 years provided that outcrossing has taken place among a minimum number of 20 individuals. To overcome the negative effects of isolation in silver fir relicts in the short term, the collection and storage of pollen in combination with artificial pollination of mature trees could be an efficient but expensive approach.

[] In the European Community, silver fir is under the EU Directive on the marketing of forest reproductive material. For reforestation or re-introduction of silver fir, only forest reproductive materials are to be used according to the regulations and must be suitable for the site conditions in question. In nations not under EU law, the procurement of forest reproductive material should follow the principles of approval, identification and control. In every case, however, recommendations should be developed for the proper use of forest reproductive material.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14257293,conservation,forest-resources,quercus-suber},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14257293}
}

@article{oberkampfErrorUncertaintyModeling2002,
  title = {Error and Uncertainty in Modeling and Simulation},
  author = {Oberkampf, William L. and DeLand, Sharon M. and Rutherford, Brian M. and Diegert, Kathleen V. and Alvin, Kenneth F.},
  year = {2002},
  month = mar,
  volume = {75},
  pages = {333--357},
  issn = {0951-8320},
  doi = {10.1016/s0951-8320(01)00120-x},
  abstract = {This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.},
  journal = {Reliability Engineering \& System Safety},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6210431,complexity,computational-science,modelling,software-engineering,software-errors,software-uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-6210431},
  number = {3}
}

@incollection{schuttAbiesLasiocarpa2002,
  title = {Abies Lasiocarpa},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2002},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Abies lasiocarpa1), eine Baumart des westlichen Nordamerika, ist wegen ihrer langen, sehr schmalen, spitz zulaufenden Krone kaum zu verwechseln. Im Bestand wird sie i.A. bis 30 m, an der Baumgrenze nur 1 bis 1,2 m hoch, w\"achst aber auch dort aufrecht. Kennzeichnend sind u.a. die kurzen, in Quirlen angeordneten \"Aste, die violetten bis purpurfarbenen Bl\"uten sowie die aus bewurzelten Zweigen entstehenden Ableger. Felsengebirgstannen sind wichtige Pionierpflanzen in den Hochlagen der Cascaden und des Felsengebirges. Das wenig genutzte Holz eignet sich zur Zellstoffproduktion und wird zu Kisten, T\"uren und Fenstern verarbeitet. Au\ss erhalb ihres nat\"urlichen Areals hat man A. lasiocarpa nur selten angebaut. In mitteleurop\"aischen Sammlungen ist sie aber durchwegs vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745212,abies-lasiocarpa,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745212}
}

@incollection{zonaRoystoneaRegia2001,
  title = {Roystonea Regia},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Zona, S.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Die K\"onigspalme ist ein raschw\"uchsiger, in der Karibik beheimateter Baum, der in der Regel H\"ohen um 20 m erreichen kann und auf Grund seines \"asthetisch sehr ansprechenden Erscheinungsbildes in vielen tropischen L\"andern f\"ur ornamentale Zwecke angebaut wird. Die Anzucht auf generativem Wege bereitet keine Schwierigkeiten, und Kultivierungsma\ss nahmen werden vielfach mit adulten Pflanzen durchgef\"uhrt. Als bedeutsamer Bestandteil des \"Okosystems bietet die K\"onigspalme vielen Tieren Nahrung sowie Wohn- und Nistm\"oglichkeiten. Der Gattungsname Roystonea bezieht sich auf General Roy Stone (1836-1905), der als Ingenieur bei der amerikanischen Flotte auf Puerto Rico stationiert war.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745810,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,roystonea-regia,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745810}
}

@incollection{piottoRipresaVegetazioneDopo2001,
  title = {La Ripresa Della Vegetazione Dopo Gli Incendi Nella Regione Mediterranea},
  booktitle = {Propagazione per Seme Di Alberi e Arbusti Della Flora Mediterranea},
  author = {Piotto, Beti and Piccini, Claudio and Arcadu, Paolo},
  editor = {Piotto, Beti and Di Noi, Anna},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {31--38},
  publisher = {{Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente, Dipartimento Prevenzione e Risanamento Ambientali}},
  address = {{Roma}},
  abstract = {In Italia vaste aree del territorio sono mi- nacciate da processi di inaridimento dei suoli per cause di origine naturali ed antropiche. In particolare, il degrado del suolo si manifesta con maggiore gravit\`a nelle aree mediterranee meridionali a causa delle spe- cifiche caratteristiche climatiche e geomor- fologiche che, sommate ad un uso non sempre cor retto del territorio, determinano un'elevata vulnerabilit\`a. Fenomeni erosivi, dissesti idrogeologici, impermeabilizzazione, salinizzazione, in- quinamento da metalli pesanti sono alcune delle cause di una sensibile diminuzione di produttivit\`a dei terreni. All'urbanizzazione di nuove aree ha spesso corrisposto l'abbandono dei centri antichi e la scomparsa di presidi territoriali capaci di una corretta gestione dell'ambiente naturale. Si \`e determinato cos\`i un processo di desertificazione fisico e sociale: al degrado del patrimonio storico, architettonico e naturale corrisponde spesso anche il depauperamento delle risorse umane . Alcune parziali ma significative risposte per la lotta alla siccit\`a e alla desertificazio- ne da parte dell'Italia, sia a livello nazionale che internazionale, sono riscontrabili non solo nel Programma Nazionale per la Lotta alla Siccit\`a e alla Desertificazione, ma anche nell'avvio di una nuova strategia della cooperazione, nella promozione di nuove norme sulla difesa del suolo e, per quanto riguarda le regioni italiane interes- sate, nel Decreto Legislativo n.152/99 sulle acque. La distruzione della copertura vegetale, spesso dovuta agli incendi frequenti soprattutto nelle regioni meridionali, \`e certamente una delle cause principali della degrada- zione del suolo; il fenomeno \`e particolar- mente dannoso quando avviene nelle aree mediterranee dove la qualit\`a del terreno \`e fortemente condizionata dalla vegetazione che supporta. Nel Programma Nazionale per la Lotta alla Siccit\`a e alla Desertificazione, approvato con delibera del CIPE del 21 dicembre 1999, tra le misure da adottare per la protezione del suolo figurano la gestione sostenibile e l'ampliamento del patrimonio forestale nonch\'e lo sviluppo della produzione vivaistica per la diffusione delle specie mediterranee. Il manuale ANPA 'Propagazione per seme di alberi e arbusti della flora mediterranea', del Dipartimento Prevenzione e Risanamento Ambientali, costituisce perci\`o un contributo mirato, opportuno e apprezzato in questo campo.},
  isbn = {88-448-0271-6},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13796198,forest-resources,mediterranean-region,post-fire-vegetation-dynamics},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13796198}
}

@book{bertinoIntelligentDatabaseSystems2001,
  title = {Intelligent Database Systems},
  author = {Bertino, Elisa and Catania, Barbara and Zarri, Gian P.},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {{ACM Press ; Addison-Wesley}},
  abstract = {This book provides a state of the art guide to the new developments in expert database systems, from the unique perspective of both the database and AI areas. It gives complete and detailed coverage of the latest research and practice, including all the need-to-know technical and theoretical approaches in the area.},
  isbn = {978-0-201-87736-6},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11420982,automatic-knowledge-generation,automatic-knowledge-mapping,metadata,ontologies},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11420982}
}

@incollection{puhuaJuniperusRigida2000,
  title = {Juniperus Rigida},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Puhua, H. and Lihuan, Z.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Juniperus rigida, in Mitteleuropa gelegentlich als harmonisch aufgebautes, dicht beastetes Ziergeh\"olz kultiviert, geh\"ort in seiner chinesischen Heimat zu den besonders anspruchslosen, d\"urre- und k\"alteresistenten Holzgew\"achsen. Die Art hat keinerlei wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Wegen ihrer intensiven Bewurzelung verhindert sie aber auf steilen, felsigen Trockenh\"angen die Erosion. Von dem recht \"ahnlichen J. communis unterscheidet sich J. rigida haupts\"achlich durch die lang herabh\"angenden Zweige.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745258,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,juniperus-rigida,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745258}
}

@article{riittersGlobalScalePatternsForest2000,
  title = {Global-{{Scale Patterns}} of {{Forest Fragmentation}}},
  author = {Riitters, Kurt H. and Wickham, James D. and O'Neill, Robert and Jones, Bruce and Smith, Elizabeth},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {3+},
  issn = {1195-5449},
  abstract = {We report an analysis of forest fragmentation based on 1-km resolution land-cover maps for the globe. Measurements in analysis windows from 81 km2 (9\texttimes 9 pixels, "small" scale) to 59,049 km2 (243\texttimes 243 pixels, "large" scale) were used to characterize the fragmentation around each forested pixel. We identified six categories of fragmentation (interior, perforated, edge, transitional, patch, and undetermined) from the amount of forest and its occurrence as adjacent forest pixels. Interior forest exists only at relatively small scales; at larger scales, forests are dominated by edge and patch conditions. At the smallest scale, there were significant differences in fragmentation among continents; within continents, there were significant differences among individual forest types. Tropical rain forest fragmentation was most severe in North America and least severe in Europe-Asia. Forest types with a high percentage of perforated conditions were mainly in North America (five types) and Europe-Asia (four types), in both temperate and subtropical regions. Transitional and patch conditions were most common in 11 forest types, of which only a few would be considered as "naturally patchy" (e.g., dry woodland). The five forest types with the highest percentage of interior conditions were in North America; in decreasing order, they were cool rain forest, coniferous, conifer boreal, cool mixed, and cool broadleaf.},
  journal = {Conservation Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13491460,forest-resources,fragmentation,global-scale,spatial-pattern},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13491460},
  number = {2}
}

@incollection{schuckEricaTetralix1999,
  title = {Erica Tetralix},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Schuck, H. J.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Erica tetralix, ein 15 bis 50 cm hoher, immergr\"uner Zwergstrauch, w\"achst nat\"urlich auf feuchten, k\"ustennahen Heiden und Mooren, dringt aber auch h\"aufig ins Binnenland vor. Wegen ihrer attraktiven rosa bis roten Bl\"utenfarbe und der lang andauernden Bl\"utezeit ist die Art seit langem in vielen Variationen in Kultur. Durch Entw\"asserungsma\ss nahmen in Hochmooren ist sie derart im R\"uckgang begriffen, dass sie bei uns als schutzbed\"urftig eingestuft wird. Wegen ihres Gerbstoffgehaltes gilt sie als schwach giftig. Ihr H\"ochstalter wird mit ca. 20 Jahren angegeben. St\"ammchen von 5,5 mm Durchmesser z\"ahlten 19 Jahrringe.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745582,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,erica-tetralix,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745582}
}

@article{peiHostpathogenRelationshipSalix1999,
  title = {Host-Pathogen Relationship between {{Salix}} and {{Melampsora}} Sheds Light on the Parentage of Some Biomass Willows},
  author = {Pei, M. H. and Hunter, T. and Royle, D. J.},
  year = {1999},
  month = jan,
  volume = {141},
  pages = {155--160},
  issn = {0028-646X},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00318.x},
  abstract = {The association between willow (Salix) and rust (Melampsora) is highly specific. Willows named Salix burjatica, S. dasyclados (S.\texttimes dasyclados) and S.\texttimes calodendron are important in renewable-energy plantations in the UK and western Europe. There has been much controversy over their origin, species status and nomenclature. It has been suggested that they have originated from hybridization between. S. caprea, S. viminalis and S. cinerea. In the present work, 59 willow clones were investigated through morphological examination and detached leaf inoculation using willow differentials, for their association, in southwest England, with M. capraearum and three pathotypes of Melampsora epitea (Me-A, B and C). M. capraearum was found on all clones of S. caprea and its hybrids with S. aurita; Me-A on all S. viminalis clones; Me-B on wild S. cinerea, S.\texttimes calodendron, S.\texttimes dasyclados'De Biardii 445' and S. 'Spaethii'; Me-C on all S. burjatica clones and most S.\texttimes dasyclados clones. Both M. caprearum and Me-A infected all S.\texttimes sericans (S. caprea\texttimes viminalis) clones and S.\texttimes dasyclados'LA041/03'. We suggest that S.\texttimes dasyclados'LA041/03' should be treated as S.\texttimes sericans (S. caprea\texttimes S. viminalis); S. burjatica, S. dasyclados and S.\texttimes dasyclados as synonyms; S.\texttimes dasyclados'De Biardii 445' as S.\texttimes calodendron'De Biardii 445'; and S. 'Spaethii' as S.\texttimes calodendron'Spaethii'.},
  journal = {New Phytologist},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13509388,biomass-to-energy,forest-pests,fungal-diseases,melampsora,salix-spp},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13509388},
  number = {1}
}

@incollection{binkleyWhyTreeSpecies1998,
  title = {Why Do Tree Species Affect Soils? {{The Warp}} and {{Woof}} of Tree-Soil Interactions},
  booktitle = {Plant-Induced Soil Changes: {{Processes}} and Feedbacks},
  author = {Binkley, Dan and Giardina, Christian},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {89--106},
  abstract = {Many ideas have been advanced regarding how trees affect soils. Enough evidence is now available to evaluate the strength of these ideas and to consider interactions between tree species and soils in an evolutionary context. Forest floor mass commonly differs by about 20\,\% for different species growing on the same site; differences of up to 5-fold have been reported. Litterfall mass and N content commonly differ by 20 to 30\,\%, but larger differences are also common (especially with N-fixing species). The net mineralizaton of soil N typically differs by 50\,\% or more among species, indicating very strong feedback possibilities. We evaluate the evolutionary context of tree effects on soils by considering 3 degrees of coupling of trees to soils: tightly woven connections where the fitness of the tree is enhanced by its effect on soils; loosely woven interactions where selection for tree fitness unrelated to soil properties leads to indirect effects on soils (either enhancing or impairing fitness); and frayed interactions where the effects of trees on soil derive from features of the ecosystem that do not involve direct selection for tree fitness. Evidence supports each of these degrees of interaction for at least some cases, and no single context explains all the interactions between trees and soils. Important areas for further work include: next-generation assessments of the effects of trees on soil suitability for the same (and different) species, and the role of soil organisms in developing and modifying the effects of trees on soils.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14636196,deposition,feedback,forest-resources,nitrogen-fixation,organic-carbon,soil-food,soil-microbial-properties,soil-moisture,soil-resources,soil-vs-vegetation,temperature,topsoil-grain-size,tree-species},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14636196},
  series = {Developments in {{Biogeochemistry}}}
}

@incollection{hongPinusTabulaeformis1998,
  title = {Pinus Tabulaeformis},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Hong, P.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Pinus tabulaeformis geh\"ort zu den wirtschaftlich wichtigsten Baumarten Chinas und ihr Holz wird f\"ur viele industrielle und handwerkliche Zwecke genutzt. Das gro\ss e, klimatisch und edaphisch recht heterogene nat\"urliche Areal l\"oste die Entwicklung von Klimarassen aus, was Konsequenzen bei der forstlichen Saatgutversorgung erforderlich machte. Die bis zu 45 m hohen, tiefwurzelnden B\"aume k\"onnen 300 Jahre alt werden. Sie sind d\"urre- und frosthart und werden durch Krankheiten nicht ernsthaft gef\"ahrdet. Forstliche Versuchsanbauten waren au\ss erhalb Chinas selten und verliefen ohne Erfolg. Auch in dendrologischen Sammlungen Mitteleuropas ist die Art nur sp\"arlich vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745320,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,pinus-tabulaeformis,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745320}
}

@inproceedings{rytterPotentialGreyAlder1995,
  title = {The Potential of Grey Alder Plantation Forestry},
  booktitle = {Short {{Rotation Willow Coppice}} for {{Renewable Energy}} and {{Improved Environment}}: {{Proceedings}} of a Joint {{Swedish}} - {{Estonian}} Seminar on {{Energy Forestry}} and {{Vegetation Filters}} Held in {{Tartu}} 24-26 {{September}} 1995},
  author = {Rytter, L.},
  editor = {Perttu, K. and Koppel, A.},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {89--94},
  abstract = {A survey concerning the potential use of grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench.) in short rotation forestry is performed. The most important characters in this context are discussed. It is concluded that grey alder is an interesting contributor in plantation forestry, because it has a high woody biomass production, is more or less self-supporting with nitrogen, and is well adjusted to the conditions in Fennoscandia and Balticum.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621211,alnus-incana,biomass-production,nitrogen-fixation,regeneration,wood-properties},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621211}
}

@book{gilmanFactSheetST5551994,
  title = {Fact {{Sheet ST}}-555: {{Quercus}} Palustris - {{Pin Oak}}},
  author = {Gilman, E. F. and Watson, D. G.},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {{Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida}},
  abstract = {Pin Oak is one of the most utilized (perhaps overused) Oaks in the midwest and eastern United States (Fig. 1). Popular due to the attractive pyramidal shape and straight, dominant trunk, even on older specimens, it exhibits chlorosis on high pH and limestone soils because of iron-deficiency and so is not highly recommended for these sites. Green, glossy leaves borne on relatively small-diameter branches give way to brilliant red to bronze fall color attracting attention in the landscape. Some brown leaves persist on the tree into the winter providing interest to some people. Others do not care to use Pin Oak because of the leaf persistence characteristic.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13603989,forest-resources,quercus-palustris},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13603989}
}

@incollection{schuttEuonymus1994,
  title = {Euonymus},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Nach neuerer Auffassung besteht die Gattung Euonymus aus etwa 190 teils sommer-, teils immergr\"unen Arten. Ihr Mannigfaltigkeitszentrum liegt im ostasiatischen Raum, u.a. im Himalaya. Euonymus-Arten sind au\ss erdem in Europa, Nord- und Mittelamerika, in Vorderasien und in Australien vertreten. Die Gattung wird - gemeinsam mit den eng verwandten Gattungen Microtropis WALL. und Glyptopetalum THWAITES der Unterfamilie Celastroideae, Tribus Euonymeae zugeordnet. Sie unterteilt sich in zwei Subgenera (Euonymus und Kalonymus), welche sich wiederum in mehrere Sektionen und Reihen aufgliedern lassen. Die folgenden Merkmale gelten als gattungsspezifisch: Meist aufrechte, in einigen F\"allen auch niederliegende und sehr selten kletternde Str\"aucher, oft mit vierkantigen Zweigen, gegenst\"andigen (Ausnahme: E. nanus), ungeteilten und kahlen Bl\"attern. Die vier- bis f\"unfz\"ahligen, gr\"unlichen Bl\"uten fallen wenig auf und stehen in Bl\"utenst\"anden, welche den Achseln von Laub- oder Niederbl\"attern entspringen. Die Staubbl\"atter sitzen auf einem rel. gro\ss en, fl\"achigen, Nektar absondernden Diskus (hypostaminater D.). Euonymus-Arten bilden kantige, drei- bis f\"unff\"achrige Kapselfr\"uchte aus. Jedes Fach enth\"alt zwei oder mehr, von einem fleischigen Mantel (Diskus) umgebene Samen, die haupts\"achlich von V\"ogeln verbreitet werden. Abgesehen von einigen Guttapercha liefernden Arten ist die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Gattung nur gering. Einige Arten sind in allen Pflanzenteilen giftig. Mehrere ostasiatische Euonymus-Arten sind teils wegen ihrer spektakul\"aren Herbstverf\"arbung oder ihrer h\"ubschen, bunten Fr\"uchte, teils auch wegen der immergr\"unen, ledrigen Bl\"atter in mitteleurop\"aischen Parks und G\"arten reichlich vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745583,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,euonymus-spp,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745583}
}

@article{weberUberEinflussnaturnaherWaldwirtschaft1993,
  title = {\"Uber Den {{Einflu\ss naturnaher Waldwirtschaft}} Auf Den Chemischen {{Bodenzustand}}},
  author = {Weber, G. and Rehfuess, K. E. and Kruetzer, K.},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {68--71},
  abstract = {Title: About the influence of near-to-nature forest management on the chemical state of the soil},
  journal = {Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift/Der Wald},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13805764,forest-management,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13805764}
}

@incollection{tutinEuonymus1968,
  title = {Euonymus {{L}}.},
  booktitle = {Flora {{Europaea}}, {{Volume}} 2: {{Rosaceae}} to {{Umbelliferae}}},
  author = {Tutin, T. G.},
  editor = {Tutin, T. G. and Heywood, V. H. and Burges, N. A. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A.},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {242},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge}},
  abstract = {Published in five volumes, Flora Europaea is the definitive account of the flowering plants, ferns and fern-allies of Europe, covering all plants growing in the wild, including many naturalized species and all widely cultivated crop species. It provides full keys and concise descriptions of families, genera, species and subspecies, together with bibliographic details for accepted species, summaries of geographical distribution, chromosome numbers and habitat information. This new edition of Volume 1 brings the treatment of the first 79 families up to date. Keys and descriptions have been extensively revised, and many taxa new to Europe, or to science, have been incorporated, while others have been relegated to synonymy as a consequence of recent research. In this edition, all synonyms are cited in the text. The Appendices have been thoroughly revised, and information on geographical distribution critically edited to give an authoritative summary of the occurrence of each species in 39 European territories.},
  isbn = {978-0-521-06662-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13628388,euonymus-spp,europe,featured-publication,forest-resources,species-description,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13628388}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{guerraAssociationGeneticsChemical2013,
  title = {Association Genetics of Chemical Wood Properties in Black Poplar ({{Populus}} Nigra)},
  author = {Guerra, Fernando P. and Wegrzyn, Jill L. and Sykes, Robert and Davis, Mark F. and Stanton, Brian J. and Neale, David B.},
  date = {2013-01},
  journaltitle = {New Phytologist},
  volume = {197},
  pages = {162--176},
  issn = {0028-646X},
  doi = {10.1111/nph.12003},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12003},
  abstract = {[::] Black poplar (Populus nigra) is a potential feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production, although breeding for this specific end use is required. Our goal was to identify associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within candidate genes encoding cellulose and lignin biosynthetic enzymes, with chemical wood property phenotypic traits, toward the aim of developing genomics-based breeding technologies for bioethanol production. [::] Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry was used to determine contents of five- and six-carbon sugars, lignin, and syringyl~:~guaiacyl ratio. The association population included 599 clones from 17 half-sib families, which were successfully genotyped using 433 SNPs from 39 candidate genes. Statistical analyses were performed to estimate genetic parameters, linkage disequilibrium (LD), and single marker and haplotype-based associations. [::] A moderate to high heritability was observed for all traits. The LD, across all candidate genes, showed a rapid decay with physical distance. Analysis of single marker-phenotype associations identified six significant marker-trait pairs, whereas nearly 280 haplotypes were associated with phenotypic traits, in both an individual and multiple trait-specific manner. [::] The rapid decay of LD within candidate genes in this population and the genetic associations identified suggest a close relationship between the associated SNPs and the causative polymorphisms underlying the genetic variation of lignocellulosic traits in black poplar.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13157127,~to-add-doi-URL,association-genetics,bioethanol,cellulose,forest-resources,half-sib-families,lignin,populus-nigra,single-nucleotide-polymorphism},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@incollection{jonesMoreSumTheir2010,
  title = {More than the Sum of Their Parts? {{Interdisciplinarity}} and Sustainability},
  booktitle = {Sustainability Education : Perspectives and Practice across Higher Education},
  author = {Jones, Paula and Selby, David and Sterling, Stephen R.},
  date = {2010},
  publisher = {{Earthscan}},
  url = {http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/9781844078776},
  isbn = {978-1-84407-877-6},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11620837,cross-disciplinary-perspective,education,local-over-complication,sustainability,transdisciplinary-research}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{palmeAbsenceGeographicalStructure2003,
  title = {Absence of Geographical Structure of Chloroplast {{DNA}} Variation in Sallow, {{Salix}} Caprea {{L}}.},
  author = {Palme, A. E. and Semerikov, V. and Lascoux, M.},
  date = {2003-11},
  journaltitle = {Heredity},
  volume = {91},
  pages = {465--474},
  issn = {0018-067X},
  doi = {10.1038/sj.hdy.6800307},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800307},
  abstract = {In the present study, we have used PCR-RFLP markers to investigate the chloroplast DNA variation in 24 European populations of Salix caprea L. A subset of these populations has also been analysed with chloroplast microsatellites. The main feature of both markers is the absence of a clear geographic structure (GST(PCR-RFLP)=0.090, GST(microsatellites)=-0.017) and high levels of variation within populations. This lack of phylogeographic structure in S. caprea is suggested to be the consequence of the joint action of several factors: (i) presence of intermediate latitude refugia with large population sizes during the last glacial maximum, (ii) a high speed of recolonisation and dispersal ability, (iii) a high mutation rate and (iv) extensive hybridisation with other willow species. In addition to the S. caprea samples, a limited number of individuals from several other Salix species were also analysed with PCR-RFLP: S. cinerea, S. aurita, S. purpurea, S. atrocinerea, S. appendiculata, S. elaeagnos, S. fragilis and S. alba. Many of the haplotypes found in Salix caprea were also detected in S. cinerea, S. aurita, S. purpurea, S. atrocinerea and/ or S. appendiculata but not in S. alba, S. elaeagnos or S. fragilis. Our data suggest that hybridisation and gene flow have occurred within these two groups but not between them.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8507731,genetic-variation,geographic-variation,salix-caprea},
  number = {5}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@book{huntleyAtlasPresentPollen1983,
  title = {An {{Atlas}} of Past and Present Pollen Maps for {{Europe}}, 0-13,000 {{Years Ago}}},
  author = {Huntley, B. and Birks, H. J. B.},
  date = {1983},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  doi = {10.1016/0034-6667(86)90044-8},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90044-8},
  abstract = {The present work is a palynological study presenting the synthesis of available pollen-analytical data for the European Late-Glacial and Holocene, and demonstrating the palaeo-ecological value of isopoll mapping of many pollen types at a broad geographical scale. The included maps are concerned with the frequencies of pollen of all the major European trees and shrubs and of many of the important dwarf-shrubs and herbs at 500- or 1000-year intervals. They are shown to provide a number of possible applications in formulating hypotheses on the taxonomical and ecological relationships of certain taxa and on their present distribution, on the directions and rates of migration of the major European trees and the changing composition of vegetation in Europe, and on past climatic changes, soil development and man's activities. The Atlas contains present-day and fossil pollen maps of various taxa, a list of sites included in the database and 34 overlay maps in a separate folder. As a first synthesis of European pollen data for the 13000 years since the last glaciation, the book will certainly be of great interest and value to specialists in palynology and related fields. - Review (J. Tupy)},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13406102,maps,paleo-climate,pollen-records,vegetation-composition},
  number = {pt. 2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{jacksonTradingWaterCarbon2005,
  title = {Trading Water for Carbon with Biological Carbon Sequestration},
  author = {Jackson, Robert B. and Jobbágy, Esteban G. and Avissar, Roni and Roy, Somnath B. and Barrett, Damian J. and Cook, Charles W. and Farley, Kathleen A. and le Maitre, David C. and McCarl, Bruce A. and Murray, Brian C.},
  date = {2005},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  volume = {310},
  pages = {1944--1947},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1119282},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1119282},
  abstract = {Carbon sequestration strategies highlight tree plantations without considering their full environmental consequences. We combined field research, synthesis of more than 600 observations, and climate and economic modeling to document substantial losses in stream flow, and increased soil salinization and acidification, with afforestation. Plantations decreased stream flow by 227 millimeters per year globally (52\%), with 13\,\% of streams drying completely for at least 1 year. Regional modeling of U.S. plantation scenarios suggests that climate feedbacks are unlikely to offset such water losses and could exacerbate them. Plantations can help control groundwater recharge and upwelling but reduce stream flow and salinize and acidify some soils.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14007245,carbon-sequestration,water-resources},
  number = {5756},
  options = {useprefix=true}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{weberLexicographicOptimisationWater2002,
  title = {Lexicographic Optimisation for Water Resources Planning: The Case of {{Lake Verbano}}, {{Italy}}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the {{iEMSs First Biennial Meeting}}: {{Integrated Assessment}} and {{Decision Support}}},
  author = {Weber, Enrico and Soncini-Sessa, Rodolfo and Castelletti, Andrea},
  editor = {Rizzoli, Andrea-Emilio and Jakeman, Anthony J.},
  date = {2002},
  pages = {235--240},
  publisher = {{International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs)}},
  url = {https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/iemssconference/2002/all/44/},
  abstract = {Lake Verbano is a natural lake used as multipurpose reservoir. The lake supplies water for irrigation and hydropower generation to downstream users, while flood controls are applied to protect the lake shores and the downstream populations on the Ticino river, and environmental preservation constraints must be respected. All these objectives are conflicting and they have different priorities, as stated by the Italian regulation on water use. This paper explores a methodology aimed at solving this conflict. The stakeholders involvement in the decision making process is supported by a Multi Objective Decision Support System for the management of water reservoirs. It is designed to be used at the planning level by water agencies to generate management policies and release plans over various time horizons. The DSS also supports the analysis of various scenarios of possible structural modification of the lake outlet and the introduction of a minimum flow rate on the Ticino river. Solving a multi-objective problem, the DSS algorithm generates ”set-valued” policies, providing the decision makers with multiple choices, thus integrating, not substituting, human intelligence. The knowledge of a set of equivalent controls instead of a single value can be advantageous for decision makers since they can choose the control most suitable to a particular situation on the basis of their experience and information. This set-valued policy, obtained solving the primary optimal control problem, can also be exploited for a further lexicographic optimisation. The primary policy, ensuring the performance of a prioritised group of objectives, can be used to define the feasible set of controls for the secondary optimal control problem, defined for a new set of secondary objectives.},
  isbn = {88-900787-0-7},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14376771,integrated-water-resources-management,italy,lexicographic-optimisation,lexicographic-ranking,multi-criteria-decision-analysis,multiplicity,optimisation,precursor-research,water-resources}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bakkerSoilErosionDriver2005,
  title = {Soil Erosion as a Driver of Land-Use Change},
  author = {Bakker, Martha M. and Govers, Gerard and Kosmas, Costas and Vanacker, Veerle and Oost, Kristof and Rounsevell, Mark},
  date = {2005-02},
  journaltitle = {Agriculture, Ecosystems \& Environment},
  volume = {105},
  pages = {467--481},
  issn = {0167-8809},
  doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.009},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.009},
  abstract = {Although much research has been carried out on the crop productivity response to soil erosion, little is known about the role of soil erosion as a driver of land-use change. Given, however, the some-times large erosion-induced reductions in crop yields, it appears likely that erosion has a strong impact on land-use. Abandonment of arable land due to declining productivity is a land-use change that may result from soil erosion. To test this hypothesis, the western part of Lesvos, Greece, was chosen as a case study area. Lesvos has experienced accelerated erosion on marginal soils over the last century during which important land-use changes have taken place. Of the 3211 ha that were under cereals in 1886, 53\,\% (1711 ha) was converted to rangeland (only used for extensive grazing) by the mid-20th century. At the same time, however, cereals partly returned to neighbouring areas that were previously rangeland, implying that certain processes at the local scale resulted in land becoming unsuitable in one place and (relatively) more suitable in other places. In order to identify the relationship between these land-use changes and the occurrence of soil erosion, erosion was modelled backwards for the period 1886-1996 and soil depths reconstructed for the time when the land-use was assumed to have changed (the mid-1950s). A logistic regression was performed with soil depth, erosion and slope as explanatory variables and land-use change as the response variable. Abandonment/reallocation of cereals was found to be fairly well predicted by slope and soil depth. Path analysis showed erosion to be an important driver for the abandonment and reallocation of cereals, although next to slope and soil depth it has little additional predictive value. Based on the logistic model, it is anticipated that cereal cultivation in western Lesvos will probably be abandoned in the near future.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13445906,ecology,ecosystem-change,land-use,soil-erosion,soil-resources},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{fismanHowFightCorruption2017,
  title = {How to Fight Corruption},
  author = {Fisman, Raymond and Golden, Miriam},
  date = {2017-05},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  volume = {356},
  pages = {803--804},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aan0815},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan0815},
  abstract = {Anticorruption initiatives are often put forth as solutions to problems of waste and inefficiency in government programs. It's easy to see why. So often, somewhere along the chain that links the many participants in public service provision or other government activities, funds may get stolen or misdirected, bribes exchanged for preferential treatment, or genuine consumers of public services supplemented by ” ghost” users. As a result, corruption reduces economic growth and leaves citizens disillusioned and distrustful of government (1). It is tempting to think that more monitoring, stricter sanctions, or positive inducements for suitable behavior will reduce corruption. But every anticorruption or antifraud program elicits a strategic response by those who orchestrated and benefited from wrongdoing in the first place. How can these unintended consequences be anticipated and avoided?},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14363300,bias-toward-primacy-of-theory-over-reality,complexity,emergent-property,ethics,feedback,indicator-driven-bias,open-loop-control,paradox,social-learning,social-system,theory-driven-bias,theory-vs-actual-implemetation,unexpected-effect},
  number = {6340}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{vyviurskaComprehensiveTwodimensionalGas2015,
  title = {Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Distillate of Fermented {{Sorbus}} Domestica Fruit},
  author = {Vyviurska, Olga and Pysarevska, Solomiya and Jánošková, Nikoleta and Špánik, Ivan},
  date = {2015-01},
  journaltitle = {Open Chemistry},
  volume = {13},
  issn = {2391-5420},
  doi = {10.1515/chem-2015-0007},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2015-0007},
  abstract = {The Slovak-Czech spirit distilled from Sorbus domestica was analyzed by GCxGC with headspace solid phase microextraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Two column combinations, nonpolar × medium-polar and polar × medium-polar were tested. The second column setup provided more exploited 2D separation space with better distribution of peaks in chromatogram. Effects of the first column on the elution order of γ-lactones, benzyl esters, and unsaturated aldehydes in the second separation were observed. More than 500 compounds were detected; nearly 100 were confirmed with standards.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13435050,alcoholic-beverage,sorbus-domestica,two-dimensional-gas-chromatography},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{cheeReMediatingResearchEthics2012,
  title = {Re-{{Mediating Research Ethics}}},
  author = {Chee, Florence M. and Taylor, Nicholas T. and de Castell, Suzanne},
  date = {2012-12},
  journaltitle = {Bulletin of Science, Technology \& Society},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {497--506},
  issn = {1552-4183},
  doi = {10.1177/0270467612469074},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467612469074},
  abstract = {This article is a theoretical and empirical exploration of the meaning that accompanies contractual agreements, such as the End-User License Agreements (EULAs) that participants of online communities are required to sign as a condition of participation. As our study indicates, clicking ” I agree” on the often lengthy conditions presented during the installation and updating process typically permits third parties (including researchers) to monitor the digitally-mediated actions of users. Through our small-scale study in which we asked participants which terms of EULAs they would find agreeable, the majority confirmed that they simply clicked through the terms presented to them without much knowledge about the terms to which they were agreeing. From a research ethics standpoint, we reflect upon whether or not informed consent is achieved in these cases and pose a challenge to the academic research community to attend to the socio-technical shift from informed consent to a more nebulous concept of contractual agreement, online and offline.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12141113,freedom,information-systems,science-ethics,web-and-information-technologies},
  number = {6},
  options = {useprefix=true}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{mcquilkinPinOakQuercus1990,
  title = {Pin {{Oak}} ({{Quercus}} Palustris {{Muenchh}}.)},
  booktitle = {Silvics of {{North America}}. {{Vol}} 2: {{Hardwoods}}},
  author = {McQuilkin, Robert A.},
  editor = {Burns, Russell M. and Honkala, Barbara H.},
  date = {1990},
  pages = {1366--1377},
  publisher = {{U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service}},
  location = {{Washington, DC.}},
  url = {http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/quercus/palustris.htm},
  abstract = {Pin oak (Quercus palustris), also called swamp oak, water oak, and swamp Spanish oak, is a fast-growing, moderately large tree found on bottom lands or moist uplands, often on poorly drained clay soils. Best development is in the Ohio Valley. The wood is hard and heavy and is used in general construction and for firewood. Pin oak transplants well and is tolerant of the many stresses of the urban environment, so has become a favored tree for streets and landscapes.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13603979,monography,pin-oak,quercus-palustris,silviculture,united-states},
  series = {Agriculture {{Handbook}} 654}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@book{freesoftwarefoundationIntroductionCommandLine2010,
  title = {Introduction to the {{Command Line}}},
  author = {{Free Software Foundation} and Abernathy, William and Anderson, Gareth and Anhalt, Carolyn and Bai, Luigi and Baptista, Vitor and Barakat, Michel and Batini, Edoardo and Bavier, Eric and Becher, Johannes and Becher, Viktor and Biberg Kristensen, Leif and Boyle, Tom and Brown, Peter and Catkan, Barbaros and Charzat, Sylvain and Cherlin, Edward and Compall, Stephen and Davies, Peter and de Rigo, Daniele and Devarajan, Dev and Dorrington, Michael and Fernández Piñas, David and Fortin, Pierre and Gauland, Michael and Gillmor, Daniel K. and Goh, Tim and Golin, Renato and Haichao, Xie and Hall, Darren and Hyde, Adam and Innoccenti, Bernie and Jonsson, Andreas and Kibbe, Dennis and Kochenderfer, Vance and Krampis, Ntino and Lee, Matt and Lockwood-Childs, S. and Lucifredi, Federico and Magallon, Marcelo and Martin, Austin and McConnaughey, William and McNeely, Mike and Mengel, Marc and Merriam, William and Nair, Sreeraj and Newell, Max and Oliver, Julian and Oram, Andy and Oranen, Jarkko and Pawson, Dave and Prastowo, Tadeus and Ravikumar, Siddharth and Revilak, Steve and Schaumburg, Steffen and Skwarecki, Beth and Sullivan, John and Tange, Ole and Tenney, Kent and Thahir, Sameer and Walck, Scott and Weissmann, Ben and Wells, Scott and Williams, Colin and Woodacre, Ben and Woof, Jason and {et al.}},
  date = {2010},
  publisher = {{FLOSS Manuals}},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13644772},
  abstract = {[Excerpt: Outline] This book is an introduction to using the shell with a focus on empowering GNU/Linux newbies. This page has an outline. The book itself is being written at:

[\textbackslash n] http://en.flossmanuals.net/bin/view/CommandLineIntro/WebHome

[\textbackslash n] It is meant to be fun and encourage the reader to play, so it is not organized in a formal manner (for instance, discussing all metacharacters in one place). Instead, features are introduced in the context of useful tasks. Rarely used features are not discussed.

[\textbackslash n] The main topic is the GNU/Linux Bash shell, but useful features of the Korn shell and zsh may be introduced in advanced chapters. The C family of shells and non-Unix shells are beyond the scope of the book.

[\textbackslash n] It assumes the reader is familiar with graphical interfaces, and refers to one or more free desktop environments where discussions of GUIs are necessary.

[::Getting Started] Modern computing is highly interactive, and using the command line is just another form of interaction. Most people use the computer through its desktop or graphical interface, interacting at a rapid pace. They click on an object, drag and drop it, double-click another to open it, alter it, etc. Although interactions happen so fast you don't think about it, each click or keystroke is a command to the computer, which it reacts to. Using the command line is the same thing, but more deliberate. [...]

[::Multiple files] After getting used to the command line, you will start looking for ways to do more in less time. One of the easiest ways to achieve that is to work on multiple files at the same time [...][...]

[::Processes] Processes are programs in action. Programs in binary/executable form reside on your disk; when they are executed (run), they are moved into memory and become a process. Each and every program we run is a process. [...]

[::Piping] Pipes let programs work together by connecting the output from one to be the input for another. The term "output" has a precise meaning here: it is what the program writes to the standard output, via C program statements such as printf or the equivalent, and normally it appears on the terminal screen. And "input" is the standard input, usually coming from the keyboard. Pipes are built using a vertical bar ("|") as the pipe symbol. [...]

[::Permissions] Your computer system stores a lot of information about files that normally remains hidden as you create and play with the files. One set of file attributes you'll run into, though, is permissions. Who's able to edit your files? Hopefully not every person who logs in to the system (and many systems are still shared by multiple people nowadays). [...]

[::Scripting] If you have a collection of commands you'd like to run together, you can combine them in a script and run them all at once. You can also pass arguments to the script so that it can operate on different files or other input. [...]

[::Other scripting languages] The shell is a wonderful friend. If you have read the rest of the book up to this point, you may well be dizzy with the possibilities it presents. But the shell is still tremendously limited compared to many languages. We'll give you just a taste of other tools and languages you can explore. [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13644772,array-programming,awk,command-line,featured-publication,free-software,gnu-bash,gnu-make,gnu-octave,license-gnu-gpl,multiauthor,perl,python,reference-manual,ruby,text-editors},
  options = {useprefix=true}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bilottaRethinkingContributionDrained2008,
  title = {Rethinking the Contribution of Drained and Undrained Grasslands to Sediment-Related Water Quality Problems},
  author = {Bilotta, G. S. and Brazier, R. E. and Haygarth, P. M. and Macleod, C. J. A. and Butler, P. and Granger, S. and Krueger, T. and Freer, J. and Quinton, J.},
  date = {2008-05},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Environment Quality},
  volume = {37},
  pages = {906--914},
  issn = {1537-2537},
  doi = {10.2134/jeq2007.0457},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0457},
  abstract = {Grass vegetation has been recommended for use in the prevention and control of soil erosion because of its dense sward characteristics and stabilizing effect on the soil. A general assumption is that grassland environments suffer from minimal soil erosion and therefore present little threat to the water quality of surface waters in terms of sediment and sorbed contaminant pollution. Our data question this assumption, reporting results from one hydrological year of observations on a field-experiment monitoring overland flow, drain flow, fluxes of suspended solids, total phosphorus (TP), and molybdate-reactive phosphorus ({$<$}0.45 μm) in response to natural rainfall events. During individual rainfall events, 1-ha grassland lysimeters yield up to 15 kg of suspended solids, with concentrations in runoff waters of up to 400 mg L-1 These concentrations exceed the water quality standards recommended by the European Freshwater Fisheries Directive (25 mg L-1) and the USEPA (80 mg L-1) and are beyond those reported to have caused chronic effects on freshwater aquatic organisms. Furthermore, TP concentrations in runoff waters from these field lysimeters exceeded 800 μg L-1 These concentrations are in excess of those reported to cause eutrophication problems in rivers and lakes and contravene the ecoregional nutrient criteria in all of the USA ecoregions. This paper also examines how subsurface drainage, a common agricultural practice in intensively managed grasslands, influences the hydrology and export of sediment and nutrients from grasslands. This dataset suggests that we need to rethink the conceptual understanding of grasslands as non-erosive landscapes. Failure to acknowledge this will result in the noncompliance of surface waters to water quality standards.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-5046026,complexity,grasslands,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,sediment-transport,soil-erosion,soil-resources,vegetation,water-quality,water-resources},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{stineArcticTreeRings2014,
  title = {Arctic Tree Rings as Recorders of Variations in Light Availability},
  author = {Stine, A. R. and Huybers, P.},
  date = {2014-05},
  journaltitle = {Nature Communications},
  volume = {5},
  issn = {2041-1723},
  doi = {10.1038/ncomms4836},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4836},
  abstract = {Annual growth ring variations in Arctic trees are often used to reconstruct surface temperature. In general, however, the growth of Arctic vegetation is limited both by temperature and light availability, suggesting that variations in atmospheric transmissivity may also influence tree-ring characteristics. Here we show that Arctic tree-ring density is sensitive to changes in light availability across two distinct phenomena: explosive volcanic eruptions (P{$<$}0.01) and the recent epoch of global dimming (P{$<$}0.01). In each case, the greatest response is found in the most light-limited regions of the Arctic. Essentially no late 20th century decline in tree-ring density relative to temperature is seen in the least light-limited regions of the Arctic. Consistent results follow from analysis of tree-ring width and from individually analysing each of seven tree species. Light availability thus appears an important control, opening the possibility for using tree rings to reconstruct historical changes in surface light intensity.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13162144,arctic-region,biomass,forest-resources,past-observations,solar-radiation,temperature}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{stallmanDigitalInclusionGood2010,
  title = {Is Digital Inclusion a Good Thing? {{How}} Can We Make Sure It Is?},
  author = {Stallman, Richard M.},
  date = {2010-02},
  journaltitle = {Communications Magazine, IEEE},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {112--118},
  issn = {0163-6804},
  doi = {10.1109/mcom.2010.5402673},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2010.5402673},
  abstract = {Activities directed at "including" more people in the use of digital technology are predicated on the assumption that such inclusion is invariably a good thing. It appears so, when judged solely by immediate practical convenience. However, if we also judge in terms of human rights, whether digital inclusion is good or bad depends on what kind of digital world we are to be included in. If we wish to work toward digital inclusion as a goal, it behooves us to make sure it is the good kind.

[Excerpt: Introduction] Digital information and communication technology offers the possibility of a new world of freedom. It also offers possibilities of surveillance and control which dictatorships of the past could only struggle to establish. The battle to decide between these possibilities is being fought now.

[\textbackslash n] Activities directed at ” including” more people in the use of digital technology are predicated on the assumption that such inclusion is invariably a good thing. It appears so, when judged solely by immediate practical convenience. However, if we judge also in terms of human rights, the question of whether digital inclusion is good or bad depends on what kind of digital world we are to be included in. If we wish to work toward digital inclusion as a goal, it behooves us to make sure it is the good kind.

[\textbackslash n] The digital world today faces six major threats to users' freedom: [::] surveillance, [::] censorship, [::] proprietary software, [::] restricted formats, [::] software as a service, and [::] copyright enforcement. [\textbackslash n] A program to promote ” digital inclusion” must take account of these threats, so as to avoid exposing its intended beneficiaries to them. First we look at the nature of these threats; then we propose measures to resist them, collectively and individually.

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10832810,digital-society,free-software,information-technology-benefits,knowledge-freedom,science-ethics,social-learning,technology-mediated-communication},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{wagnerPyrusPyraster2009,
  title = {Pyrus Pyraster},
  booktitle = {Enzyklopädie Der {{Holzgewächse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Wagner, I.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Schütt, Peter},
  date = {2009},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  location = {{Weinheim}},
  url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9783527678518.ehg2009005/abstract},
  abstract = {Pyrus pyraster ist die wichtigste Birnen-Art in Mitteleuropa. In der gemäßigten Zone besiedelt sie ein vergleichsweise großes Areal, ist aber nahezu im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet extrem selten und gilt als stark gefährdet. Die Wildbirne hat mit ihrem charakteristischen schlanken Habitus, ihren leuchtend weißen Blüten im Frühjahr und ihrer auffallend bunten Blattfärbung im Herbst einen ästhetischen Aspekt und ist damit ein Element der Landschaftsgestaltung. Sie ist forstliche Genressource und eine Bereicherung der ökologischen Vielfalt. Sie gilt als wenig anfällig gegenüber Krankheiten, Trockenstress und Luftverschmutzung. Ihr Potenzial als Resistenzdonor in der Obstzüchtung ist zu überprüfen und ggf. zu nutzen. Bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel verbessert sich möglicherweise ihre Zukunftsperspektive. Die Früchte, roh nicht wirklich geniessbar, lassen sich in der Kosmetikindustrie verwenden.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745487,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,pyrus-pyraster,species-description}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{tsaraEvaluationPeseraSoil2005,
  title = {An Evaluation of the Pesera Soil Erosion Model and Its Application to a Case Study in {{Zakynthos}}, {{Greece}}},
  author = {Tsara, M. and Kosmas, C. and Kirkby, M. J. and Kosma, D. and Yassoglou, N.},
  date = {2005-12},
  journaltitle = {Soil Use and Management},
  volume = {21},
  pages = {377--385},
  issn = {0266-0032},
  doi = {10.1079/sum2005322},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1079/sum2005322},
  abstract = {The Pan-European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha-1 yr-1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha-1 yr-1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7-month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over-riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5\,\% of the watershed area, generated up to 69\,\% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha-1 yr-1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha-1 yr-1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-503973,greece,pesera,soil-erosion,soil-resources},
  number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sollaScreeningEuropeanElms2005a,
  title = {Screening {{European Elms}} for {{Resistance}} to {{Ophiostoma}} Novo-Ulmi},
  author = {Solla, Alejandro and Bohnens, Jürgen and Collin, Eric and Diamandis, Stephanos and Franke, Albrecht and Gil, Luis and Burón, Margarita and Santini, Alberto and Mittempergher, Lorenzo and Pinon, Jean and Broeck, An V.},
  date = {2005-04},
  journaltitle = {Forest Science},
  volume = {51},
  pages = {134--141},
  issn = {0015-749X},
  url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=4684918061381991617},
  abstract = {Resistance breeding of the native elms against Dutch elm disease, caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, is a major objective in Europe for the conservation of this tree species. More than 2,500 cuttings of 324 elm clones (Ulmus minor Miller, U. glabra Huds., U. laevis Pall., U. pumila L., U. minor x U. glabra, and U. minor x U. pumila) from eight European countries, planted in several randomized two-block designed plots were inoculated with various O. novo-ulmi strains. Crown wilting and dieback were recorded during the first year after inoculation. The wilting of the control trees varied among the plots, making the results difficult to compare, but analysis of variance (ANOVA) within each plot showed significant differences in disease severity among the clones tested, allowing study of the variation of the response among elm taxa. Results showed that 19 European inoculated clones recovered from O. novo-ulmi attack, giving hope for the reestablishment of native elms in countryside hedges and forests. FOR. SCI. 51(2):134-141.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-160792,europe,forest-pests,forest-resources,ulmus-glabra},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mouriAnalysisDyesTextiles2014,
  title = {Analysis of Dyes in Textiles from the {{Chehrabad}} Salt Mine in {{Iran}}},
  author = {Mouri, Chika and Aali, Abolfazl and Zhang, Xian and Laursen, Richard},
  date = {2014},
  journaltitle = {Heritage Science},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {20},
  issn = {2050-7445},
  doi = {10.1186/s40494-014-0020-3},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-014-0020-3},
  abstract = {This study describes the analysis of dyes from three textile specimens associated with human remains found in the Chehrabad salt mine in northwestern Iran dating to 2000\,±\,400 years BP. They are unique for this part of the world not only because of their age, but because they represent textiles used by common people (salt miners) as opposed to funerary garments of the wealthy. Samples of yarns from these specimens were extracted and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. The red dye was obtained from madder (specifically Rubia tinctorum L.), and the blue was from an indigo plant, probably woad (Isatis tinctoria L.), both of which are known in Iran. Two yellow, plant-derived, flavonol dyes were found. The first seems to be from a species of tamarisk (Tamarix sp.), whereas the second, found in both yellow and green yarns, is from a so-far unidentified plant. This work represents the first detailed study of these salt mine dyes, and the first evidence for the use of tamarisk as a dyestuff.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13589725,~to-add-doi-URL,forest-resources,iran,secondary-production,tamarix-spp},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{beckettParticulatePollutionCapture2000,
  title = {Particulate Pollution Capture by Urban Trees: Effect of Species and Windspeed},
  author = {Beckett, K. Paul and Freer-Smith, P. H. and Taylor, Gail},
  date = {2000-12},
  journaltitle = {Global Change Biology},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {995--1003},
  issn = {1354-1013},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00376.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00376.x},
  abstract = {Particulate pollution is a serious health problem throughout the world, exacerbating a wide range of respiratory and vascular illnesses in urban areas. The use of trees to reduce the effects of these pollutants has been addressed in the literature, but has rarely been quantified. The aim of the present study was to quantify the effectiveness of five tree species~2212~pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima), cypress (~נCupressocyparis leylandii), maple (Acer campestre), whitebeam (Sorbus intermedia), poplar (Populus deltoides~נtrichocarpa'Beaupré')~2212~in capturing pollutant particles. This was achieved by exposing them to NaCl droplets of approximately 1~03BCm diameter at a range of windspeeds in two windtunnels. The deposition velocity (Vg) and particle trapping efficiency (Cp) were calculated from these exposures. In addition, a variable dependent on foliage structure [Stokes number (St)] was correlated with Cp to gauge the effect of tree morphology on particle capture. Maximum Cp values ranged from 2.8\,\% for P. nigra, to 0.12\,\% and 0.06\,\% for P. trichocarpa×deltoides and A. campertre, respectively. The finer, more complex structure of the foliage of the two conifers (P. nigra and C. leylandii) explained their much greater effectiveness at capturing particles. The data presented here will be used to model the effectiveness of tree planting schemes in improving urban air quality by capturing pollutant particles.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-4173358,pollution,species,urban-trees},
  number = {8}
}

@incollection{mullerTilioPlatyphylliAcerionPseudoplatani1992,
  title = {Tilio Platyphylli-{{Acerion}} Pseudoplatani {{Klika}}},
  booktitle = {Süddeutsche {{Pflanzengesellschaften}}, {{Band}} 4: {{Wälder}} Und {{Gebüsche}}},
  author = {Müller, T.},
  editor = {Oberdorfer, Erich},
  date = {1992},
  pages = {173--192},
  publisher = {{Gustav Fischer Verlag}},
  location = {{Jena}},
  abstract = {Mit Teil IV der "Süddeutschen Pflanzengesellschaften" wird dieses pflanzensoziologische Standardwerk in zweiter, völlig neu bearbeiteter und stark erweiterter Auflage abgeschlossen. Die drei Autoren haben tausende Vegetationsaufnahmen zu vielen synthetischen Tabellen verarbeitet; so entsteht ein umfassendes Bild der standortsbedingten Gliederung und geographischen Abwandlung der Wald- und Gebüschgesellschaften, das vielfach weit über Süddeutschland hinaus die Gesamtstruktur wichtiger Einheiten umfaßt und damit ein unentbehrliches Vergleichsmaterial für weite Gebiete Europas bereitstellt. Gerade die Wälder bieten - als von Natur aus in Mitteleuropa absolut dominante Vegetationsformation von großer praktischer, wirtschaftlicher und kultureller Bedeutung - die entscheidende Grundlage für das Verständnis der landwirtschaftlichen Vegetationsstrukturen und ihrer durch die Nutzung verursachten tiefgreifenden Veränderungen. Forstliche Praxis und Lehre erhalten somit kompetente und aktuelle pflanzensoziologische Grundlagen für einen naturgemäßen, umweltbewußten Waldbau.},
  isbn = {3-334-60385-7},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13805608,forest-resources,forest-types,germany,vegetation-composition}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{macilwainSharingInformationPreferable2013,
  title = {Sharing Information Is Preferable to Patenting},
  author = {Macilwain, Colin},
  date = {2013-06},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  volume = {498},
  pages = {273},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/498273a},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/498273a},
  abstract = {The US Supreme Court ruling on gene patents is a welcome boost to efforts to increase the free exchange of scientific information, says Colin Macilwain.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12439837,free-scientific-knowledge,knowledge-freedom,open-science,science-ethics,scientific-knowledge-sharing,united-states},
  number = {7454}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{assengUncertaintySimulatingWheat2013,
  title = {Uncertainty in Simulating Wheat Yields under Climate Change},
  author = {Asseng, S. and Ewert, F. and Rosenzweig, C. and Jones, J. W. and Hatfield, J. L. and Ruane, A. C. and Boote, K. J. and Thorburn, P. J. and Rötter, R. P. and Cammarano, D. and Brisson, N. and Basso, B. and Martre, P. and Aggarwal, P. K. and Angulo, C. and Bertuzzi, P. and Biernath, C. and Challinor, A. J. and Doltra, J. and Gayler, S. and Goldberg, R. and Grant, R. and Heng, L. and Hooker, J. and Hunt, L. A. and Ingwersen, J. and Izaurralde, R. C. and Kersebaum, K. C. and Müller, C. and Naresh Kumar, S. and Nendel, C. and O'Leary, G. and Olesen, J. E. and Osborne, T. M. and Palosuo, T. and Priesack, E. and Ripoche, D. and Semenov, M. A. and Shcherbak, I. and Steduto, P. and Stöckle, C. and Stratonovitch, P. and Streck, T. and Supit, I. and Tao, F. and Travasso, M. and Waha, K. and Wallach, D. and White, J. W. and Williams, J. R. and Wolf, J.},
  date = {2013-06},
  journaltitle = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume = {3},
  pages = {827--832},
  issn = {1758-678X},
  doi = {10.1038/nclimate1916},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1916},
  abstract = {Projections of climate change impacts on crop yields are inherently uncertain1. Uncertainty is often quantified when projecting future greenhouse gas emissions and their influence on climate2. However, multi-model uncertainty analysis of crop responses to climate change is rare because systematic and objective comparisons among process-based crop simulation models1, 3 are difficult4. Here we present the largest standardized model intercomparison for climate change impacts so far. We found that individual crop models are able to simulate measured wheat grain yields accurately under a range of environments, particularly if the input information is sufficient. However, simulated climate change impacts vary across models owing to differences in model structures and parameter values. A greater proportion of the uncertainty in climate change impact projections was due to variations among crop models than to variations among downscaled general circulation models. Uncertainties in simulated impacts increased with CO2 concentrations and associated warming. These impact uncertainties can be reduced by improving temperature and CO2 relationships in models and better quantified through use of multi-model ensembles. Less uncertainty in describing how climate change may affect agricultural productivity will aid adaptation strategy development and policy making.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12438735,agricultural-land,agricultural-resources,climate-change,crop-yield,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,integration-techniques,multiauthor,science-policy-interface,transdisciplinary-research,uncertainty,wheat},
  number = {9}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{petersRapidGrowthCO22011,
  title = {Rapid Growth in {{CO2}} Emissions after the 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis},
  author = {Peters, Glen P. and Marland, Gregg and Le Quéré, Corinne and Boden, Thomas and Canadell, Josep G. and Raupach, Michael R.},
  date = {2011-12},
  journaltitle = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {2--4},
  issn = {1758-678X},
  doi = {10.1038/nclimate1332},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1332},
  abstract = {Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production grew 5.9\,\% in 2010, surpassed 9 Pg of carbon (Pg C) for the first time, and more than offset the 1.4\,\% decrease in 2009. The impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis (GFC) on emissions has been short-lived owing to strong emissions growth in emerging economies, a return to emissions growth in developed economies, and an increase in the fossil-fuel intensity of the world economy.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10096561,anthropogenic-impacts,carbon-emissions,climate-change,crisis,economic-impacts,global-scale},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{smithWildfireEffectsWater2011,
  title = {Wildfire Effects on Water Quality in Forest Catchments: A Review with Implications for Water Supply},
  author = {Smith, Hugh G. and Sheridan, Gary J. and Lane, Patrick N. J. and Nyman, Petter and Haydon, Shane},
  date = {2011-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {396},
  pages = {170--192},
  issn = {0022-1694},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.043},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.043},
  abstract = {Wildfires burn extensive forest areas around the world each year. In many locations, fire-prone forest catchments are utilised for the supply of potable water to small communities up to large cities. Following wildfire, increased erosion rates and changes to runoff generation and pollutant sources may greatly increase fluxes of sediment, nutrients and other water quality constituents, potentially contaminating water supplies. Most research to date has focused on suspended sediment exports and concentrations after wildfire. Reported first year post-fire suspended sediment exports varied from 0.017 to 50~t~ha-1~year-1 across a large range of catchment sizes (0.021-1655~km2). This represented an estimated increase of 1-1459 times unburned exports. Maximum reported concentrations of total suspended solids in streams for the first year after fire ranged from 11 to ∼500,000~mg~L-1. Similarly, there was a large range in first year post-fire stream exports of total N (1.1-27~kg~ha-1~year-1) and total P (0.03-3.2~kg~ha-1~year-1), representing a multiple change of 0.3-431 times unburned, while exports of 0.04-13.0~kg~ha-1~year-1 (3-250 times unburned) have been reported. , , and NH3/ concentrations in streams and lakes or reservoirs may increase after wildfire but appear to present a generally low risk of exceeding drinking water guidelines. Few studies have examined post-fire exports of trace elements. The limited observations of trace element concentrations in streams after wildfire found high levels (well over guidelines) of Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Al, Ba, and Pb, which were associated with highly elevated sediment concentrations. In contrast, Cu, Zn, and Hg were below or only slightly above guideline values. Elevated Na+, Cl- and solute yields have been recorded soon after fire, while reports of concentrations of these constituents were mostly confined to coniferous forest areas in North America, where maximum sampled values were well below recommended limits. Likewise, reported wildfire effects on dissolved organic carbon were generally minor and elevated concentrations largely reflected background conditions. Available cyanide concentrations in small streams may approach levels of concern soon after fire, but increases are likely to be of short duration. Post-fire concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in streams have been found to increase but remained within the recommended limit. Large increases in exports and concentrations of some constituents after wildfire indicate the potential for impacts on water supply from forest catchments. In response, various water treatment measures may be required and in the absence of adequate treatment facilities or alternative sources, water supplies may be vulnerable to disruption. ⺠Wildfire effects on water quality vary substantially. ⺠Large post-fire increases to sediment, nutrient and trace element fluxes reported. ⺠Wildfires may disrupt the supply of potable water from forest catchments.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8259199,catchment-scale,forest-resources,integrated-water-resources-management,review,water-quality,water-resources,wildfires},
  number = {1-2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{audebertSegmentbeforeDetectVehicleDetection2017,
  title = {Segment-before-{{Detect}}: {{Vehicle Detection}} and {{Classification}} through {{Semantic Segmentation}} of {{Aerial Images}}},
  author = {Audebert, Nicolas and Le Saux, Bertrand and Lefèvre, Sébastien},
  date = {2017-04},
  journaltitle = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {368+},
  doi = {10.3390/rs9040368},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040368},
  abstract = {Like computer vision before, remote sensing has been radically changed by the introduction of deep learning and, more notably, Convolution Neural Networks. Land cover classification, object detection and scene understanding in aerial images rely more and more on deep networks to achieve new state-of-the-art results. Recent architectures such as Fully Convolutional Networks can even produce pixel level annotations for semantic mapping. In this work, we present a deep-learning based segment-before-detect method for segmentation and subsequent detection and classification of several varieties of wheeled vehicles in high resolution remote sensing images. This allows us to investigate object detection and classification on a complex dataset made up of visually similar classes, and to demonstrate the relevance of such a subclass modeling approach. Especially, we want to show that deep learning is also suitable for object-oriented analysis of Earth Observation data as effective object detection can be obtained as a byproduct of accurate semantic segmentation. First, we train a deep fully convolutional network on the ISPRS Potsdam and the NZAM/ONERA Christchurch datasets and show how the learnt semantic maps can be used to extract precise segmentation of vehicles. Then, we show that those maps are accurate enough to perform vehicle detection by simple connected component extraction. This allows us to study the repartition of vehicles in the city. Finally, we train a Convolutional Neural Network to perform vehicle classification on the VEDAI dataset, and transfer its knowledge to classify the individual vehicle instances that we detected.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14531661,deep-learning,object-classification,semantic-segmentation,vehicle-detection},
  number = {4}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sillsHierarchicalOneononeMentoring2018,
  title = {Beyond Hierarchical One-on-One Mentoring},
  author = {Sills, Jennifer and Horner-Devine, M. Claire and Gonsalves, Torie and Margherio, Cara and Mizumori, Sheri J. and Yen, Joyce W.},
  date = {2018-11},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  volume = {362},
  pages = {532},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aav7656},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7656},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] [...] traditional hierarchical mentoring relationships, when they work, can be sources of incredible psychosocial and practical support. However, when these relationships are not strong, they can hinder or even harm mentees [...]. The unequal power dynamic of a senior mentor [...] and junior mentee can be especially problematic for individuals belonging to systematically marginalized identity groups [...] and can exacerbate a sense of isolation for the mentee. [...] A mentoring network with multiple modes of mentoring dismantles the guru mentor myth, which suggests that one senior mentor is a necessary and sufficient source of mentoring. Instead, a mentoring network framework centers on the mentees and what they need and desire to thrive in their career; it then meets their varied needs through a host of mentoring relationships [...] Evidence suggests that peer mentoring is most effective with groups of five to eight participants who are all at a similar career stage, have complementary fields of expertise, and share social identities [...]. There is no senior mentor, and thus the model asserts that each peer mentoring participant has useful wisdom and perspectives to share as well as areas in which they need advice. [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14652924,education,research-management,scientific-community-self-correction,scientific-creativity,scientific-knowledge-sharing,team-diversity},
  number = {6414}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@book{tothThreatsSoilQuality2008,
  title = {Threats to {{Soil Quality}} in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Tóth, G. and Montanarella, L. and Rusco, E.},
  date = {2008},
  publisher = {{Office for Official Publications of the European Communities}},
  issn = {1018-5593},
  url = {http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/esdb_archive/eusoils_docs/other/EUR23438.pdf},
  abstract = {This report is summarizing the results of recent research activities on the fields of soil degradation, soil quality and soil information systems performed in the Joint Research Center, in collaboration with partner institutions. An overview is given about the main soil threats (erosion, compaction, salinisation, landslides, decline of soil organic matter, biodiversity decline and contamination) and a soil quality concept with relevance to the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection.},
  isbn = {978-92-79-09529-0},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12027607,europe,european-commission,joint-research-centre,soil-resources},
  number = {EUR 23438 EN},
  series = {{{EUR}} - {{Scientific}} and {{Technical Research}} Series}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{arganarazEstimationLiveFuel2016,
  title = {Estimation of Live Fuel Moisture Content from {{MODIS}} Images for Fire Danger Assessment in {{Southern Gran Chaco}}},
  author = {Arganaraz, Juan P. and Landi, Marcos A. and Bravo, Sandra J. and Gavier-Pizarro, Gregorio I. and Scavuzzo, Carlos M. and Bellis, Laura M.},
  date = {2016},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing},
  pages = {1--11},
  issn = {1939-1404},
  doi = {10.1109/jstars.2016.2575366},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2575366},
  abstract = {Moisture content of live fuels (LFMC) is one of the main factors determining fuel flammability and, therefore, a key indicator of fire danger. In this study, we modeled the relationship between spectral indices derived from satellite imagery and field estimations of LFMC in the Chaco Serrano subregion; then, we analyzed the relationship between fire danger estimations based on LFMC calculations and fire activity. Empirical LFMC models fitted for grasslands, Chaco Serrano forests, and glossy privet forests may be considered very accurate R2 {$>$} 0.80, whereas the model corresponding to shrublands still needs to be improved (R2 = 0.57). Monthly maps of fire danger reflected the occurrence of fires consistently during years of both high and low fire activity. Most fires occurred mainly in areas with high or extreme fire danger, demonstrating a clear relationship between LFMC and fire activity in the Chaco Serrano subregion. Our LFMC models may be useful to assess the spatiotemporal distribution of fire danger in the Chaco Serrano subregion using remote sensing data. The associated fire danger maps represent a valuable tool for improving decision making processes to organize early warning and fire suppression activities.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14143650,argentina,empirical-equation,live-fuel-moisture-content,mapping,modis,natural-hazards,remote-sensing,risk-assessment,wildfires}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{yessonHowGlobalGlobal2007,
  title = {How Global Is the {{Global Biodiversity Information Facility}}?},
  author = {Yesson, Chris and Brewer, Peter W. and Sutton, Tim and Caithness, Neil and Pahwa, Jaspreet S. and Burgess, Mikhaila and Gray, W. Alec and White, Richard J. and Jones, Andrew C. and Bisby, Frank A. and Culham, Alastair},
  date = {2007-11},
  journaltitle = {PLoS ONE},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {e1124},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0001124},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001124},
  abstract = {There is a concerted global effort to digitize biodiversity occurrence data from herbarium and museum collections that together offer an unparalleled archive of life on Earth over the past few centuries. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility provides the largest single gateway to these data. Since 2004 it has provided a single point of access to specimen data from databases of biological surveys and collections. Biologists now have rapid access to more than 120 million observations, for use in many biological analyses. We investigate the quality and coverage of data digitally available, from the perspective of a biologist seeking distribution data for spatial analysis on a global scale. We present an example of automatic verification of geographic data using distributions from the International Legume Database and Information Service to test empirically, issues of geographic coverage and accuracy. There are over 1/2 million records covering 31\,\% of all Legume species, and 84\,\% of these records pass geographic validation. These data are not yet a global biodiversity resource for all species, or all countries. A user will encounter many biases and gaps in these data which should be understood before data are used or analyzed. The data are notably deficient in many of the world's biodiversity hotspots. The deficiencies in data coverage can be resolved by an increased application of resources to digitize and publish data throughout these most diverse regions. But in the push to provide ever more data online, we should not forget that consistent data quality is of paramount importance if the data are to be useful in capturing a meaningful picture of life on Earth.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8051779,dataset,global-biodiversity-information-facility,global-scale,multiauthor},
  number = {11}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{gottretAssessingImpactIntegrated2001,
  title = {Assessing the {{Impact}} of {{Integrated Natural Resource Management}}: {{Challenges}} and {{Experiences}}},
  author = {Gottret, Maŕıa V. and White, Douglas},
  date = {2001},
  journaltitle = {Ecology and Society},
  volume = {5},
  pages = {17++},
  issn = {1708-3087},
  url = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=16305702295665706190},
  abstract = {Assessing the impact of integrated natural resource management (INRM) research poses a challenge to scientists. The complexity of INRM interventions requires a more holistic approach to impact assessment, beyond the plot and farm levels and beyond traditional analysis of economic returns. Impact assessment for INRM combines the traditional "what" and "where" factors of economic and environmental priorities with newer "who" and "how" aspects of social actors and institutions. This paper presents an analytical framework and methodology for assessing the impact of INRM. A key feature of the proposed methodology is that it starts with a detailed planning process that develops a well-defined, shared, and holistic strategy to achieve development impact. This methodology, which is known as the "paths of development impact" methodology, includes the mapping of research outputs, intermediate outcomes, and development impacts. A central challenge is to find a balance between the use of generalizable measures that facilitate cross-site comparison and slower participatory process methods that empower local stakeholders. Sufficient funding for impact assessment and distinct stakeholder interests are also challenges. Two hillside sites in Central America and one forest margin site in Peru serve as case studies.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12604018,assessment,integration-techniques,mesoamerica,multi-stakeholder-decision-making,participation,participatory-modelling,peru},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{moriReframingEcosystemManagement2013,
  title = {Reframing Ecosystem Management in the Era of Climate Change: Issues and Knowledge from Forests},
  author = {Mori, Akira S. and Spies, Thomas A. and Sudmeier-Rieux, Karen and Andrade, Angela},
  date = {2013-09},
  journaltitle = {Biological Conservation},
  volume = {165},
  pages = {115--127},
  issn = {0006-3207},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.020},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.05.020},
  abstract = {We discuss ” ecosystem management (EM)” to face contemporary climate change issues. EM focuses on sustaining ecosystems to meet both ecological and human needs. EM plans have been largely developed independent of concerns about climate change. However, EM is potentially effective for climate change mitigation and adaptation. We provide the principle guidelines based on EM to adaptively tackle the issues. Climate change is one of the significant concerns in land and resource management, creating an urgent need to build social-ecological capacity to address widespread and uncertain environmental changes. Given the diversity and complexity of ecological responses to climate change ” ecosystem management” approaches are needed to provide solutions for meeting both ecological and human needs, while reducing anthropogenic warming and climate-related impacts on society. For instance, ecosystem management can contribute to a reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions through improved land-use and reduced deforestation at a regional scale. Further, conserving and restoring naturally-functioning ecosystems, which is often one of the goals of ecosystem management can significantly contribute to buffering ecological responses to climate extremes such as droughts and wildfires. Moreover, ecosystem management helps build capacity for learning and adaptation at multiple scales. As a result, societies will be better prepared to respond to surprises and uncertainties associated with climate change. In this regard, it is imperative to reframe climate change issues based on the ecosystem approach. Although climate change and ecosystem management plans have largely developed independently, it is now essential for all stakeholders to work together to achieve multiple goals. The ecosystem-based approaches can enable flexible and effective responses to the uncertainties associated with climate change. Reframing ecosystem management helps to face an urgent need for reconsideration and improvement of social-ecological resilience in order to mitigate and adapt to the changing climate.

[Excerpt: Conclusion]

Novel approaches underpinned by sociology, ecology and climate science are necessary to perform assessments that reflect the many roles that ecosystem management can play in mitigating and adapting to climate change. No single method and focal scale for addressing the effects or causes of climate change exists. Indeed, there are often trade-offs such as those between the goals of building resilience (learning from failure) and reducing vulnerability (minimizing failure) (Adger et al., 2008), suggesting some policies aimed at minimizing exposure to any hazards at the regional scale can potentially conflict with the proactive implementation of adaptive management at the local scale. In this article, we have discussed reframing ecosystem management as an effective way to address the uncertainties of climate change. It is therefore necessary to adopt flexible and robust management strategies that consider various scenarios, rather than adopting a single measure. Similar to climate change, which is intricately connected to other issues beyond physical climatic change, ecological issues are deeply associated with global issues. A number of environmental policies and plans have been historically developed with little consideration of climate instability. Among them, our attempt that integrates different management considerations into the common context lends a strong support for the objectives and approaches of ecosystem management as an effective tool to face climate change uncertainties.

[\textbackslash n] It is important for all stakeholders to work together to identity multiple goals. Ecologists need to address ecosystem processes and functions in the context of possible future conditions; resource managers and policymakers need to build capacity for learning and adaptation; and all stakeholders need to share a recognition that social-ecological systems are interacting not only with each other (social-ecological interdependence) but also with the climate system. In keeping with the view of Moss et al. (2010) that the future climate largely depends on the behaviour of global society, the fates of ecosystems will strongly depend on how human society faces climate change. In particular, there are still important gaps in the combined study of climate and ecosystem science that need to be addressed. At the time of UNFCCC meetings in Copenhagen in 2009, UNEP (2009a) stated that climate information, when coupled with other information such as ecology and socio-economics, should be centralized within policy formulation and decision making process for practical ecosystem management at local and regional scales with reasonable timescales of the next several decades. Bringing different fields together is essential to tackle future complexity. The constructive improvements that come from an ecosystem management strategy, as summarized in Table 2, has the potential to effectively fill the gaps among disciplines and stakeholders.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13912160,~to-add-doi-URL,adaptation,climate-change,climate-extremes,droughts,ecology,ecosystem,forest-resources,incomplete-knowledge,knowledge-integration,mitigation,uncertainty,wildfires}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{cabiHylobiusAbietisLarge2015,
  title = {Hylobius Abietis (Large Pine Weevil)},
  author = {{CABI}},
  date = {2015},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/13687894},
  abstract = {[Excerpt: Preferred Scientific Name]

 Hylobius abietis (Linnaeus, 1758)

[Preferred Common Name]

 large pine weevil

[Other Scientific Names]

 Curculio abietis Linnaeus, 1758;  Curculio pini Marsham, 1802;  Hylobitelus abietis (Linnaeus, 1758)

[International Common Names]

 English: fir-tree weevil; large brown pine weevil.  Spanish: gorgojo del abeto.  French: charançon de l'épinette; charançon européen; grand charançon du pin; hylobe du pin.  Russian: bolshoy sosnovy dolgonosik

[] [...] [Description] The egg is less than 1 mm long and less than 0.5 mm wide, pearly-white and oval (Salisbury and Leather, 1998).

[] The cream-coloured larva is soft, curved and legless. It has a large, light-brown head, with strong mandibles, which are flattened and as wide as the first segment of the body. Mature larvae are 10-15 mm long. There are five larval instars; the widths of the head capsule measure 0.6-0.8 mm (first instar), 0.9-1.1 mm (second instar), 1.1-1.7 mm (third instar), 1.6-2.5 mm (fourth instar) and 2.5-3.5 mm (fifth instar) (Bakke and Lekander, 1965).

[] The pupa is 8-10 mm long, exarate (appendages are free) and unpigmented.

[] The adult is 9-15 mm long. A hard chitinous covering protects the body. The wing cases, which completely cover the abdomen, are purple-brown in young adults and later become black. There are patches of yellow scales on the wing cases and on the thorax. The thorax is slightly broader than it is long, strongly convex and constricted at the front. The surface of the thorax is punctured and wrinkled with a raised central line. The head is extended to form a strong snout with mandibles at the tip. The antennae are elbowed and attached to the snout near the end. The large eyes are positioned on either side at the base of the snout. The legs have sharp claws with a strong tooth on the inner edge of each femur.

[Distribution] H. abietis is a pest of coniferous plantations in many European countries. It also occurs in Russia, Japan and China.

[] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13687894,cabi,forest-pests,forest-resources,hylobius-abietis,monography},
  series = {Invasive {{Species Compendium}}}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{laineReproducibleResearchMoving2007,
  title = {Reproducible {{Research}}: {{Moving}} toward {{Research}} the {{Public Can Really Trust}}},
  author = {Laine, Christine and Goodman, Steven N. and Griswold, Michael E. and Sox, Harold C.},
  date = {2007-03},
  journaltitle = {Annals of Internal Medicine},
  volume = {146},
  pages = {450+},
  issn = {0003-4819},
  doi = {10.7326/0003-4819-146-6-200703200-00154},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-6-200703200-00154},
  abstract = {A community of scientists arrives at the truth by independently verifying new observations. In this time-honored process, journals serve 2 principal functions: evaluative and editorial. In their evaluative function, they winnow out research that is unlikely to stand up to independent verification; this task is accomplished by peer review. In their editorial function, they try to ensure transparent (by which we mean clear, complete, and unambiguous) and objective descriptions of the research. Both the evaluative and editorial functions go largely unnoticed by the public - the former only draws public attention when a journal publishes fraudulent research. However, both play a critical role in the progress of science. This paper is about both functions. We describe the evaluative processes we use and announce a new policy to help the scientific community evaluate, and build upon, the research findings that we publish.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13160988,reproducible-research,science-society-interface,scientific-communication,transparency},
  number = {6}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{perez-sierraCharacterizationFusariumCircinatum2007,
  title = {Characterization of {{Fusarium}} Circinatum from {{Pinus}} Spp. in Northern {{Spain}}},
  author = {Pérez-Sierra, Ana and Landeras, Elena and León, Maela and Berbegal, Mónica and Garćıa-Jiménez, José and Armengol, Josep},
  date = {2007-07},
  journaltitle = {Mycological Research},
  volume = {111},
  pages = {832--839},
  issn = {0953-7562},
  doi = {10.1016/j.mycres.2007.05.009},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.05.009},
  abstract = {Pitch canker caused by Fusarium circinatum was recently reported on Pinus spp. in Spain. In this study, a collection of 157 isolates of F. circinatum obtained from different geographical origins and hosts in northern Spain were identified and characterized by cultural and morphological features, PCR-RFLPs of the histone H3 gene, IGS region, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF). Mating types were determined by multiplex PCR and sexual compatibility was performed under laboratory conditions. Both mating types were present in Spain and were able to form the teleomorph Gibberella circinata. Morphological differences between mating types, not previously reported, were observed: MAT-1 isolates showed clear, coiled, sterile hyphae characteristic of F. circinatum, whereas MAT-2 isolates presented sterile hyphae but not coiled. Virulence of representative isolates was tested on seven to eight-month-old P. nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris seedlings. All isolates tested were pathogenic to these pine species, MAT-1 isolates being more virulent than MAT-2 isolates.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13837676,forest-pests,forest-resources,fusarium-circinatum,gibberella-circinata,pinus-nigra,pinus-pinaster,pinus-sylvestris,spain},
  number = {7}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{byramSolarRadiationForest1943,
  title = {Solar Radiation and Forest Fuel Moisture},
  author = {Byram, George M. and Jemison, George M.},
  date = {1943},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Agricultural Research},
  volume = {67},
  pages = {149--176},
  issn = {0095-9758},
  url = {http://mfkp.org/INRMM/article/14073812},
  abstract = {A major contribution to progress in forest fire prevention and control during the past 10 years has been the development and widespread application of methods of rating forest fire danger. Fire danger rating systems are now in use in all the forest regions of the United States. They have been described by Gisborne, Brown and Davis, Curry et al., Matthews, Jemison, and others. Under each of these systems the major factors affecting fire danger are measured and the measurements are integrated by means of charts, tables, or some mechanical device into ratings, on a numerical scale, which are free from the serious errors common in estimates of fire danger based on personal judgment alone. The numerical ratings are usually defined in terms of probable fire behavior or of manpower required for suppression. They serve as a guide to efficient distributIon of fire-control funds and personnel.

[Excerpt: Summary] Forest fire-danger rating systems, now in use in all forest regions of the United States, are based chiefly on measurement of wind and of fuel moisture. While many workers have investigated atmospheric and related elements that control fuel moisture, little research has be.en done on solar radiation and its influence on fuel moisture equilibria and rates of drying. With a view to contributing to the refinement of fire-danger rating systems and application of the ratings, a study of solar radiation and fuel moisture was begun in the southern Appalachians in 1938.

[] A method has been developed whereby radiation intensity can be determined for any season of year, hour of day, slope, and aspect. Examples are given showing the widely different radiation intensities that are to be expected under different combinations of these factors even though atmospheric conditions are the same. The relation of solar radiation intensity to surface fuel moisture equilibria and, to a lesser extent, its relation to rates of drying have been established on the basis of theory and of data obtained by use of an "artificial sun" apparatus, a specially constructed weather synthesizer. This apparatus permits both field and laboratory observation of moisture equilibria and rates of drying under various combinations of radiation, Wind, and humidity. Formulae have been developed so that for any combination of air temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, equilibrium moisture content of forest litter can be derived for any season, slope, and aspect. These formulae can be used universally, provided radiation intensities are adjusted for latitude.

[] The influence of wind on fuel drying is emphasized. In bright sunlight, contrary to popular belief, wind maintains levels of fuel moisture higher than those in calm air. The reason is that for fuels in the sun the wind's cooling action more than offsets its drying action. This is important in some regions where fuels are fully exposed to sunlight during the fire season.

[] Fuel moisture equilibrium maps are presented showing variations with season, aspect, and slope that result from variations 1n radiation intensity alone. A table is presented showing differences in drying rates caused by differences in radiation.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14073812,disturbances,environmental-modelling,fire-fuel,forest-resources,fuel-moisture,modelling,solar-radiation,wildfires},
  number = {4}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{alfieriAdvancesPanEuropeanFlood2014,
  title = {Advances in Pan-{{European}} Flood Hazard Mapping},
  author = {Alfieri, Lorenzo and Salamon, Peter and Bianchi, Alessandra and Neal, Jeffrey and Bates, Paul and Feyen, Luc},
  date = {2014-06},
  journaltitle = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {28},
  pages = {4067--4077},
  issn = {0885-6087},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.9947},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9947},
  abstract = {Flood hazard maps at trans-national scale have potential for a large number of applications ranging from climate change studies, reinsurance products, aid to emergency operations for major flood crisis, among others. However, at continental scales, only few products are available, due to the difficulty of retrieving large consistent data sets. Moreover, these are produced at relatively coarse grid resolution, which limits their applications to qualitative assessments. At finer resolution, maps are often limited to country boundaries, due to limited data sharing at trans-national level. The creation of a European flood hazard map would currently imply a collection of scattered regional maps, often lacking mutual consistency due to the variety of adopted approaches and quality of the underlying input data. In this work, we derive a pan-European flood hazard map at 100\,m resolution. The proposed approach is based on expanding a literature cascade model through a physically based approach. A combination of distributed hydrological and hydraulic models was set up for the European domain. Then, an observed meteorological data set is used to derive a long-term streamflow simulation and subsequently coherent design flood hydrographs for a return period of 100\,years along the pan-European river network. Flood hydrographs are used to simulate areas at risk of flooding and output maps are merged into a pan-European flood hazard map. The quality of this map is evaluated for selected areas in Germany and United Kingdom against national/regional hazard maps. Despite inherent limitations and model resolution issues, simulated maps are in good agreement with reference maps (hit rate between 59\,\% and 78\,\%, critical success index between 43\,\% and 65\%), suggesting strong potential for a number of applications at the European scale. Copyright  2013 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13239732,climate-change,emergency-events,europe,floods,hydrology,mapping,natural-hazards},
  number = {13}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{magriPatternsPostglacialSpread2008,
  title = {Patterns of Post-Glacial Spread and the Extent of Glacial Refugia of {{European}} Beech ({{Fagus}} Sylvatica)},
  author = {Magri, Donatella},
  date = {2008-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Biogeography},
  volume = {35},
  pages = {450--463},
  issn = {0305-0270},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01803.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01803.x},
  abstract = {[Aim]\hspace{0.6em} Establishing possible relationships between the magnitudes of the glacial distribution of the European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., and its post-glacial spread. 

[Location]\hspace{0.6em} Europe. 

[Methods]\hspace{0.6em} A database of over 400 pollen records has been used to locate Fagus populations at the end of the last glacial and during the post-glacial in Europe and to assess the areal extent of their past distribution. 

[Results]\hspace{0.6em} The rate of late-glacial and post-glacial increase in the number of pollen sites where Fagus was locally present conforms well to a logistic model of population growth. This suggests that the area occupied by beech populations expanded exponentially from the glacial refugia for a duration of over 10,000~years, until about 3500~yr bp. In the past three millennia beech populations increased at a slower rate, tending towards an equilibrium value. 

[Main conclusions]\hspace{0.6em} The conformity of the increase in beech distribution to the classical logistic model of population growth indicates that: [::(1)] a multiplicative biological process was the main factor shaping the pattern of the post-glacial expansion of F. sylvatica in Europe, [::(2)] climate conditions, human activity and competition may have influenced its rate of spread, and [::(3)] beech populations did not expand with a moving closed front, but with a diffuse spread from scattered nuclei. [\textbackslash n] The distribution of Fagus in Europe at the end of the last glacial appears to have been of two orders of magnitude less extensive than at present. Pleistocene refugia were likely to have been a mosaic of sparse stands of small populations scattered in multiple regions. Fagus populations appear to have increased very slowly and to a moderate extent in southern Europe, where they are now declining slightly. The central European populations increased quickly and extensively, reaching northern Europe, and are now approaching their carrying capacity.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-2386050,europe,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,migration-history},
  number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dinersteinEcoregionbasedApproachProtecting2017,
  title = {An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm},
  author = {Dinerstein, Eric and Olson, David and Joshi, Anup and Vynne, Carly and Burgess, Neil D. and Wikramanayake, Eric and Hahn, Nathan and Palminteri, Suzanne and Hedao, Prashant and Noss, Reed and Hansen, Matt and Locke, Harvey and Ellis, Erle C. and Jones, Benjamin and Barber, Charles V. and Hayes, Randy and Kormos, Cyril and Martin, Vance and Crist, Eileen and Sechrest, Wes and Price, Lori and Baillie, Jonathan E. M. and Weeden, Don and Suckling, Kierán and Davis, Crystal and Sizer, Nigel and Moore, Rebecca and Thau, David and Birch, Tanya and Potapov, Peter and Turubanova, Svetlana and Tyukavina, Alexandra and de Souza, Nadia and Pintea, Lilian and Brito, José C. and Llewellyn, Othman A. and Miller, Anthony G. and Patzelt, Annette and Ghazanfar, Shahina A. and Timberlake, Jonathan and Klöser, Heinz and Shennan-Farpón, Yara and Kindt, Roeland and Lillesø, Jens-Peter B. and van Breugel, Paulo and Graudal, Lars and Voge, Maianna and Al-Shammari, Khalaf F. and Saleem, Muhammad},
  date = {2017-04},
  journaltitle = {BioScience},
  issn = {0006-3568},
  doi = {10.1093/biosci/bix014},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014},
  abstract = {We assess progress toward the protection of 50\,\% of the terrestrial biosphere to address the species-extinction crisis and conserve a global ecological heritage for future generations. Using a map of Earth's 846 terrestrial ecoregions, we show that 98 ecoregions (12\,\%) exceed Half Protected; 313 ecoregions (37\,\%) fall short of Half Protected but have sufficient unaltered habitat remaining to reach the target; and 207 ecoregions (24\,\%) are in peril, where an average of only 4\,\% of natural habitat remains. We propose a Global Deal for Nature -- a companion to the Paris Climate Deal -- to promote increased habitat protection and restoration, national- and ecoregion-scale conservation strategies, and the empowerment of indigenous peoples to protect their sovereign lands. The goal of such an accord would be to protect half the terrestrial realm by 2050 to halt the extinction crisis while sustaining human livelihoods.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14339124,anthropogenic-changes,connectivity,conservation,ecological-zones,ecosystem-conservation,featured-publication,forest-resources,fragmentation,global-scale,habitat-conservation},
  options = {useprefix=true}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{galilWaterwaysInvasionHighways2007,
  title = {Waterways as Invasion Highways - {{Impact}} of Climate Change and Globalization Biological Invasions},
  booktitle = {Biological {{Invasions}}},
  author = {Galil, Bella S. and Nehring, Stefan and Panov, Vadim},
  editor = {Nentwig, Wolfgang},
  date = {2007},
  volume = {193},
  pages = {59--74},
  publisher = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  location = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-36920-2\\_5},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36920-2_5},
  abstract = {The earliest civilizations flourished on the banks of navigable rivers. Indeed, their first monumental hydrological construction projects were concerned with irrigation and transport: around 2200 b.c., the first navigable canal, the Shatt-el-hai, linking the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia, was excavated; in the 6th century b.c., a canal was built which joined the Nile with the northern Red Sea and, in the 4th century b.c., the Grand Canal in China connected Peking to Hangzhou, a distance of almost 1,000 km.The technological innovations of the 18th century led to an expansion of the network of navigable inland waterways, followed in the 19th century and the early part of the 20th century by the excavation of two interoceanic canals: the Suez Canal, which opened a direct route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and the Panama Canal, which afforded passage between the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific oceans. Canals connecting rivers over watersheds or seas across narrow land bridges ” dissolve” natural barriers to the dispersal of aquatic organisms, thereby furnishing these with many opportunities for natural dispersal as well as for shipping-mediated transport. The introduction of alien aquatic species has proven to be one of the most profound and damaging anthropogenic deeds - involving both ecological and economic costs. Globalization and climate change are projected to increase aquatic bioinvasions and reduce environmental resistance to invasion of thermophilic biota. Navigable waterways serving as major invasion corridors offer a unique opportunity to study the impact of these processes.},
  isbn = {978-3-540-77375-7},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11477007,~to-add-doi-URL,alien-species,climate-change,global-change,natural-resources-interactions,water-resources},
  series = {Ecological {{Studies}}}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{benbrookImpactsGeneticallyEngineered2012,
  title = {Impacts of Genetically Engineered Crops on Pesticide Use in the {{U}}.{{S}}. -- the First Sixteen Years},
  author = {Benbrook, Charles M.},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Environmental Sciences Europe},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {24+},
  issn = {2190-4715},
  doi = {10.1186/2190-4715-24-24},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-24-24},
  abstract = {Background.

Genetically engineered, herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant crops have been remarkable commercial successes in the United States. Few independent studies have calculated their impacts on pesticide use per hectare or overall pesticide use, or taken into account the impact of rapidly spreading glyphosate-resistant weeds. A model was developed to quantify by crop and year the impacts of six major transgenic pest-management traits on pesticide use in the U.S. over the 16-year period, 1996-2011: herbicide-resistant corn, soybeans, and cotton; Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn targeting the European corn borer; Bt corn for corn rootworms; and Bt cotton for Lepidopteron insects.

Results.

Herbicide-resistant crop technology has led to a 239 million kilogram (527 million pound) increase in herbicide use in the United States between 1996 and 2011, while Bt crops have reduced insecticide applications by 56 million kilograms (123 million pounds). Overall, pesticide use increased by an estimated 183 million kgs (404 million pounds), or about 7\,\%.

Conclusions.

Contrary to often-repeated claims that today's genetically-engineered crops have, and are reducing pesticide use, the spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds in herbicide-resistant weed management systems has brought about substantial increases in the number and volume of herbicides applied. If new genetically engineered forms of corn and soybeans tolerant of 2,4-D are approved, the volume of 2,4-D sprayed could drive herbicide usage upward by another approximate 50\,\%. The magnitude of increases in herbicide use on herbicide-resistant hectares has dwarfed the reduction in insecticide use on Bt crops over the past 16\,years, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11855135,complexity,ecosystem-change,feedback,genetically-modified-organism,non-linearity,unexpected-effect,unrealistic-expectations},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mrazkovaFirstReportRoot2010,
  title = {First Report of Root Rot of Pedunculate Oak and Other Forest Tree Species Caused by {{Phytophthora}} Plurivora in the {{Czech Republic}}},
  author = {Mrazkova, M. and Cerny, K. and Tomsovsky, M. and Holub, V. and Strnadova, V. and Zlatohlavek, A. and Gabrielova, S.},
  date = {2010-02},
  journaltitle = {Plant Disease},
  volume = {94},
  pages = {272},
  issn = {0191-2917},
  doi = {10.1094/pdis-94-2-0272b},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-2-0272b},
  abstract = {From 2006 to 2008, several similar Phytophthora isolates were obtained from roots of mature Quercus robur and other tree species (Acer platanoides, Fraxinus excelsior, Q. rubra, and Tilia cordata) in forests and parks in several areas in the Czech Republic. The trees were characterized by chlorotic and reduced foliage, crown dieback, and reduced root hairs. Several isolates of Phytophthora were obtained from necrotic roots of these trees and identified as Phytophthora plurivora Jung \& Burgess (1). Isolated colonies grown on V8A medium were radiate to slightly chrysanthemum shaped with limited aerial mycelium in the center. Optimum growth was at 25°C, minimum at 5°C and maximum at 32°C. Radial growth of colonies averaged 6.4 mm/day at 20°C. The isolates were homothallic and produced abundant smooth-walled, spherical oogonia (23.3 to 29.1 μm in diameter), oospores were nearly plerotic or plerotic (21.8 to 26.9 μm in diameter), and the oospore wall was 1.2 to 1.4 μm thick. Antheridia were usually paragynous and measured 8.4 to 12 × 6.5 to 8 μm, but amphigynous antheridia were occasionally observed. Noncaducous, semipapillate sporangia formed on simple or sympodial sporangiophores, were obpyriform, ovoid, ellipsoid or irregular in shape, and occasionally distorted with more than one apex. Sporangia dimensions were 33 to 65 × 24 to 33 μm; L/B ratio 1.2 to 1.6 (-2.1). Comparison of DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of isolates (representative strain GenBank Accession No. FJ952382) confirmed the 100\,\% identity of P. plurivora (1). The soil infestation test was conducted using a P. plurivora isolate acquired from roots of Q. robur and 20 3-year-old plants of Q. robur. Sterilized millet seeds colonized by pathogen with the method as described (2) were used as inoculation medium and added into sterilized peat substrate at the rate of 0.5\,\% (vol/vol). The plants were cultivated in 5.8-liter pots in a greenhouse (20°C, 16-h/8-h photoperiod). After 4 months, the roots of all plants were washed, dried, and weighed. The root biomass of 20 infected plants was significantly reduced by approximately 25\,\% on average compared with the control 20 plants (P {$<$} 0.05, t-test, Statistica 7.1). The pathogen was consistently reisolated from the roots of infected plants but not from control plants. Stem inoculation tests were conducted with 20 replicates in each group of 2-year-old plants of oak, maple, ash, and lime and isolates acquired from the hosts. On each seedling, a 5-mm-diameter bark plug was removed 5 cm above the collar. The inoculum (5-mm-diameter V8A agar plug with actively growing mycelium) was applied to the exposed substrate. The wounds were sealed with Parafilm. Stem necrosis developed in all cases after 1 to 2 weeks, whereas control plants remained healthy. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from necrotic stem tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. plurivora causing root rot on oak, maple, ash, and lime in the Czech Republic. On the basis of the host range and distribution of P. plurivora in the Czech Republic, it can be assumed that, as elsewhere in Europe (1), this pathogen is widespread and is a common cause of decline of many tree species.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13829088,acer-platanoides,czech-republic,forest-pests,forest-resources,fraxinus-excelsior,phytophthora-plurivora,quercus-robur,quercus-rubra,tilia-cordata},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{obesoInductionSpinescenceEuropean1997,
  title = {The Induction of Spinescence in {{European}} Holly Leaves by Browsing Ungulates},
  author = {Obeso, J. R.},
  date = {1997},
  journaltitle = {Plant Ecology},
  volume = {129},
  pages = {149--156},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1009767931817},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009767931817},
  abstract = {Evidence is presented which suggests that the spinescence of leaves of European holly, Ilex aquifolium, deters feeding by ungulates and is induced by browsing. Spinescence decreased as leaf size increased; hence, spinescence may be achieved by reducing adult leaf size. Holly shrubs with very spiny leaves were browsed less often than less spiny shrubs. In the absence of browsing ungulates during a one year period, the spinescence of leaves of holly shrubs significantly decreased. Browsed shrubs exhibited reduced annual shoot growth, increased branching, and produced smaller leaves with high spinescence. The regrowth on browsed branches of holly trees was characterized by increased leaf spinescence relative to unbrowsed branches. Hence, the induced response was localized, thereby reducing the ability of browsing ungulates to exert selective pressures on holly trees.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13631674,forest-resources,ilex-aquifolium,species-ecology,ungulate-browsing},
  number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{palmeExtensiveSharingChloroplast2004,
  title = {Extensive Sharing of Chloroplast Haplotypes among {{European}} Birches Indicates Hybridization among {{Betula}} Pendula, {{B}}. Pubescens and {{B}}. Nana},
  author = {Palme, A. E. and Su, Q. and Palsson, S. and Lascoux, M.},
  date = {2004-01},
  journaltitle = {Molecular Ecology},
  volume = {13},
  pages = {167--178},
  issn = {0962-1083},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02034.x},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.02034.x},
  abstract = {Extensive sharing of chloroplast haplotypes among the silver birch, Betula pendula Roth., the downy birch, B. pubescens Ehrh., and the dwarf birch, B. nana L., was discovered using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymporphism markers. The geographical component of the genetic variation was stronger than the species component: the species were not significantly different while 11\,\% of the variation could be attributed to differentiation between the two main regions studied, Scandinavia and western Russia. All haplotypes occurring in more than 2\,\% of the individuals were shared among the species and the introgression ratios were quite large: 0.79 between B. pubescens and B. pendula and 0.67 between B. pubescens and B. nana. The data also indicate that B. pendula individuals are more similar to sympatric B. pubescens than to B. pendula individuals from nearby forests. However, this trend is not as pronounced when B. pubescens is considered, suggesting that introgression is not symmetrical. The haplotype sharing among the three Betula species is most likely caused by hybridization and subsequent cytoplasmic introgression.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13628397,~to-add-doi-URL,betula-nana,betula-pendula,betula-pubescens,europe,forest-resources,hybridisation},
  number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mcneelyNatureVsNurture2004,
  title = {Nature vs. Nurture: Managing Relationships between Forests, Agroforestry and Wild Biodiversity},
  author = {McNeely, J. A.},
  date = {2004},
  journaltitle = {Agroforestry Systems},
  volume = {61-62},
  pages = {155--165},
  issn = {1572-9680},
  doi = {10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028996.92553.ea},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000028996.92553.ea},
  abstract = {Many agroforestry systems are found in places that otherwise would be appropriate for natural forests, and often have replaced them. Humans have had a profound influence on forests virtually everywhere they both are found. Thus 'natural' defined as 'without human influence' is a hypothetical construct, though one that has assumed mythological value among many conservationists. Biodiversity is a forest value that does not carry a market price. It is the foundation, however, upon which productive systems depend. The relationship between agroforestry and the wild biodiversity contained in more natural forests is a complicated one, depending on the composition of the agroforestry system itself and the way it is managed. Complex forest gardens are more supportive of biodiversity than monocrop systems, shade coffee more than sun coffee, and systems using native plants tend to be more biologically diverse. Nonnative plants, especially potentially invasive alien species, threaten biodiversity and need to be avoided. The relationship between forests, agroforestry and wild biodiversity can be made most productive through applying adaptive management approaches that incorporate ongoing research and monitoring in order to feed information back into the management system. Maintaining diversity in approaches to management of agroforestry systems will provide humanity with the widest range of options for adapting to changing conditions. Clear government policy frameworks are needed that support alliances among the many interest groups involved in forest biodiversity.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13938673,~to-add-doi-URL,agroforestry,asia,biodiversity,central-america,europe,forest-management,forest-resources,integration-techniques,mediterranean-region,multi-criteria-decision-analysis,multi-objective-planning,multi-stakeholder-decision-making,multiplicity,north-america,south-america},
  number = {1-3}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{botanicalsocietyofbritainirelandBSBIBigDatabase2015,
  title = {{{BSBI Big Database}}},
  author = {{Botanical Society of Britain \& Ireland}},
  date = {2015},
  url = {http://bsbidb.org.uk/maps/},
  abstract = {Launched in 1950, it is one of the world's longest-running natural history distribution mapping projects. It is constantly updated and improved by the BSBI's networks of volunteers, county recorders and referees, and it is always in use by scientists, conservationists and governmental bodies for determining the abundance, range and changes in the distribution of vascular plants and charophytes in the British Isles.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13758884,forest-resources,species-distribution,united-kingdom}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sardarWelcomePostnormalTimes2010,
  title = {Welcome to Postnormal Times},
  author = {Sardar, Ziauddin},
  date = {2010-06},
  journaltitle = {Futures},
  volume = {42},
  pages = {435--444},
  issn = {0016-3287},
  doi = {10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.028},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.028},
  abstract = {All that was 'normal' has now evaporated; we have entered postnormal times, the in-between period where old orthodoxies are dying, new ones have not yet emerged, and nothing really makes sense. To have any notion of a viable future, we must grasp the significance of this period of transition which is characterised by three c's: complexity, chaos and contradictions. These forces propel and sustain postnormal times leading to uncertainty and different types of ignorance that make decision-making problematic and increase risks to individuals, society and the planet. Postnormal times demands, this paper argues, that we abandon the ideas of 'control and management', and rethink the cherished notions of progress, modernisation and efficiency. The way forward must be based on virtues of humility, modesty and accountability, the indispensible requirement of living with uncertainty, complexity and ignorance. We will have to imagine ourselves out of postnormal times and into a new age of normalcy -- with an ethical compass and a broad spectrum of imaginations from the rich diversity of human cultures.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6230082,~to-add-doi-URL,chaos,complexity,deep-uncertainty,ethics,feedback,mitigation,non-linearity,post-normal-science,science-ethics,science-society-interface,social-system,technocracy,trade-offs,uncertainty,unknown},
  number = {5}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{hassanpourEstimationGeneticDiversity2013,
  title = {Estimation of Genetic Diversity in Some {{Iranian}} Cornelian Cherries ({{Cornus}} Mas {{L}}.) Accessions Using {{ISSR}} Markers},
  author = {Hassanpour, Hamid and Hamidoghli, Yousef and Samizadeh, Habibollah},
  date = {2013},
  journaltitle = {Biochemical Systematics and Ecology},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {257--262},
  issn = {0305-1978},
  doi = {10.1016/j.bse.2013.01.002},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2013.01.002},
  abstract = {Iran is an important producer of cornelian cherries (Cornus mas L.). Seed propagation and long term human selection have given rise to a great diversity of trees. In this study, ISSR marker was used for genetic diversity evaluation of 40 accessions of cornelian cherries (C. mas L.). With 20 ISSR primers, 171 polymorphic bands were detected with polymorphism ratio range of 80-100\,\%. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.46, which shows that the majority of primers are informative. The average values of Effective Multiplex Ratio (EMR), Marker Index (MI), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei's gene diversity (He) and Shannon's information index (I) for all primers were 8.0, 3.75, 1.756, 0.416 and 0.595 respectively. Based on these results, ISSR analysis can be used for the characterization and grouping of cornelian cherry accessions. This is the first study demonstrating that ISSR analyses can be used to differentiate and classify cornelian cherry accessions.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13553767,cornus-mas,forest-resources,genetic-conservation,iran}
}