@article{natureMaximumClimateAmbition2016,
  title = {The Maximum Climate Ambition Needs a Firm Research Backing},
  author = {{Nature}},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  volume = {537},
  pages = {585--586},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/537585b},
  abstract = {We need to know what the 1.5 \textdegree C warming target will involve -- even if we don't reach it.

[Excerpt] [...] The 2015 Paris climate agreement commits governments to keeping average global surface temperatures to between 1.5\,\textdegree C and 2\,\textdegree C above the preindustrial level. But warming has already passed the 1-degree mark, and some estimates suggest that even if current commitments are fully implemented, they would allow temperatures to rise nearly 3\,\textdegree C. If the 2-degree goal seems implausible, given current politics, 1.5\,\textdegree C is very nearly inconceivable.

[] Nevertheless, countries calling for more aggressive action -- often those that have contributed the least to the problem and now have the most to lose -- pushed for the 1.5\,\textdegree C IPCC assessment. The deadlines are tight: scientists around the world now have roughly a year to run their models and submit papers to bolster the scarce body of literature surrounding the 1.5-degree goal. The IPCC will present its assessment in 2018, just before UN negotiators hold their first major meeting to assess progress under the Paris agreement and presumably to discuss ways to hasten action. [...]},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14148626,anthropic-feedback,anthropocene,anthropogenic-impacts,climate-change,environmental-policy,global-scale,global-warming,science-policy-interface,science-society-interface},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14148626},
  number = {7622}
}

@article{stopaWaveClimateArctic2016,
  title = {Wave Climate in the {{Arctic}} 1992-2014: Seasonality and Trends},
  author = {Stopa, Justin E. and Ardhuin, Fabrice and {Girard-Ardhuin}, Fanny},
  year = {2016},
  month = jul,
  volume = {10},
  pages = {1605--1629},
  issn = {1994-0424},
  doi = {10.5194/tc-10-1605-2016},
  abstract = {Over the past decade, the diminishing Arctic sea ice has impacted the wave field, which depends on the ice-free ocean and wind. This study characterizes the wave climate in the Arctic spanning 1992-2014 from a merged altimeter data set and a wave hindcast that uses CFSR winds and ice concentrations from satellites as input. The model performs well, verified by the altimeters, and is relatively consistent for climate studies. The wave seasonality and extremes are linked to the ice coverage, wind strength, and wind direction, creating distinct features in the wind seas and swells. The altimeters and model show that the reduction of sea ice coverage causes increasing wave heights instead of the wind. However, trends are convoluted by interannual climate oscillations like the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In the Nordic Greenland Sea the NAO influences the decreasing wind speeds and wave heights. Swells are becoming more prevalent and wind-sea steepness is declining. The satellite data show the sea ice minimum occurs later in fall when the wind speeds increase. This creates more favorable conditions for wave development. Therefore we expect the ice freeze-up in fall to be the most critical season in the Arctic and small changes in ice cover, wind speeds, and wave heights can have large impacts to the evolution of the sea ice throughout the year. It is inconclusive how important wave-ice processes are within the climate system, but selected events suggest the importance of waves within the marginal ice zone.},
  journal = {The Cryosphere},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14109175,~to-add-doi-URL,arctic-region,artic-sea-ice,climate,remote-sensing,waves-energy,wind},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14109175},
  number = {4}
}

@book{creativecommonsLicenses2015,
  title = {About the Licenses},
  author = {{Creative Commons}},
  year = {2015},
  address = {{Mountain View, California, USA}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt]

[::What our licenses do] The Creative Commons copyright licenses and tools forge a balance inside the traditional '' all rights reserved'' setting that copyright law creates. Our tools give everyone from individual creators to large companies and institutions a simple, standardized way to grant copyright permissions to their creative work. The combination of our tools and our users is a vast and growing digital commons, a pool of content that can be copied, distributed, edited, remixed, and built upon, all within the boundaries of copyright law.

[::License design and rationale]

All Creative Commons licenses have many important features in common. Every license helps creators -- we call them licensors if they use our tools -- retain copyright while allowing others to copy, distribute, and make some uses of their work -- at least non-commercially. Every Creative Commons license also ensures licensors get the credit for their work they deserve. Every Creative Commons license works around the world and lasts as long as applicable copyright lasts (because they are built on copyright). These common features serve as the baseline, on top of which licensors can choose to grant additional permissions when deciding how they want their work to be used.

[\textbackslash n] A Creative Commons licensor answers a few simple questions on the path to choosing a license -- first, do I want to allow commercial use or not, and then second, do I want to allow derivative works or not? If a licensor decides to allow derivative works, she may also choose to require that anyone who uses the work -- we call them licensees -- to make that new work available under the same license terms. We call this idea '' ShareAlike'' and it is one of the mechanisms that (if chosen) helps the digital commons grow over time. ShareAlike is inspired by the GNU General Public License, used by many free and open source software projects.

[\textbackslash n] Our licenses do not affect freedoms that the law grants to users of creative works otherwise protected by copyright, such as exceptions and limitations to copyright law like fair dealing. Creative Commons licenses require licensees to get permission to do any of the things with a work that the law reserves exclusively to a licensor and that the license does not expressly allow. Licensees must credit the licensor, keep copyright notices intact on all copies of the work, and link to the license from copies of the work. Licensees cannot use technological measures to restrict access to the work by others. 

[::Three '' Layers'' Of Licenses]

Our public copyright licenses incorporate a unique and innovative '' three-layer'' design. Each license begins as a traditional legal tool, in the kind of language and text formats that most lawyers know and love. We call this the Legal Code layer of each license.

[\textbackslash n] But since most creators, educators, and scientists are not in fact lawyers, we also make the licenses available in a format that normal people can read -- the Commons Deed (also known as the '' human readable'' version of the license). The Commons Deed is a handy reference for licensors and licensees, summarizing and expressing some of the most important terms and conditions. Think of the Commons Deed as a user-friendly interface to the Legal Code beneath, although the Deed itself is not a license, and its contents are not part of the Legal Code itself.

[\textbackslash n] The final layer of the license design recognizes that software, from search engines to office productivity to music editing, plays an enormous role in the creation, copying, discovery, and distribution of works. In order to make it easy for the Web to know when a work is available under a Creative Commons license, we provide a '' machine readable'' version of the license -- a summary of the key freedoms and obligations written into a format that software systems, search engines, and other kinds of technology can understand. We developed a standardized way to describe licenses that software can understand called CC Rights Expression Language (CC REL) to accomplish this.

[\textbackslash n] Searching for open content is an important function enabled by our approach. You can use Google to search for Creative Commons content, look for pictures at Flickr, albums at Jamendo, and general media at spinxpress. The Wikimedia Commons, the multimedia repository of Wikipedia, is a core user of our licenses as well.

[\textbackslash n] Taken together, these three layers of licenses ensure that the spectrum of rights isn't just a legal concept. It's something that the creators of works can understand, their users can understand, and even the Web itself can understand.

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13913645,featured-publication,free-software-directory,free-software-license-definition,knowledge-freedom,license--cc0-1-0,licensing,public-domain},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13913645}
}

@article{dellaroccaPossibleLandManagement2015,
  title = {Possible Land Management Uses of Common Cypress to Reduce Wildfire Initiation Risk: A Laboratory Study},
  author = {Della Rocca, G. and Hernando, C. and Madrigal, J. and Danti, R. and Moya, J. and Guijarro, M. and Pecchioli, A. and Moya, B.},
  year = {2015},
  month = aug,
  volume = {159},
  pages = {68--77},
  issn = {0301-4797},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.05.020},
  abstract = {The flammability of Cupressus sempervirens has been fully characterized. Two contrasted bench-scale methodologies have been used to ratify the results. Cypress showed low ignitability and consumability and high sustainability and combustibility. The low ignitability of C.~sempervirens suggests a potential resistance to moderate wildfires. Cypress stands could be a promising land management tool to reduce the wildfire initiation risk. Accurate determination of flammability is required in order to improve knowledge about vegetation fire risk. Study of the flammability of different plant species is essential for the Mediterranean area, where most ecosystems are adapted to natural fire but vulnerable to recurrent human-induced fires, which are the main cause of forest degradation. However, the methods used to evaluate vegetation flammability have not yet been standardized. Cupressus sempervirens is a native or naturalized forest tree species in the Mediterranean area that is able to tolerate prolonged drought and high temperatures. The aim of this study was to characterize the flammability of C.~sempervirens var. horizontalis at particle level by using different bench-scale calorimetry techniques (mass loss calorimeter, epiradiator and oxygen bomb) to determine the main flammability descriptors (ignitability, sustainability, combustibility and consumability) in live crown and litter samples. Our findings indicate that this variety of cypress is relatively resistant to ignition because of the high ash content, the high critical heat flux, the high time to ignition displayed by both crown and litter samples and the ability of the leaves to maintain a high water content during the summer. We also discuss the possibility of exploiting some morphological, functional and ecological traits of the species to construct a barrier system (with selected varieties of cypress) as a promising complementary land management tool to reduce the fire spread and intensity in a Mediterranean context.

[Excerpt: Discussion and conclusions]

[...] The FMC of live C. sempervirens samples was relatively high and stable between April and the middle of August (84-96\%). Furthermore, the low variability in the water content across the crown layers ( Fig. 3) may have important implications for crown fire potential ( Van Wagner, 1977). Madrigal et al. (2013) reported a wider range of FMC for Pinus pinaster needles (95-155\%), whereas Viegas et al. (2001) indicated that the FMC of live Mediterranean forest fuels may be as low as 50-60\,\% during the summer season, much lower than the value detected in the present study in live crown samples of cypress. Ignition and fire occurrence are closely related to the moisture content of live and dead fuel ( Dimitrakopoulos and Papaioannou, 2001) and fresh leaves of Mediterranean species appear to become very flammable when the moisture content decreases below 75\,\% ( Chandler et al., 1983) or below 100\,\% in the case of pine needles ( Van Wagner, 1977). An interaction between the physiological state of a live plant (which determines the moisture content) and the concentration of volatile compounds has also been reported ( Weise et al., 2005 and Alessio et al., 2008). During an intense wildfire, the effect due to accumulation of gasified volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be stronger than the effect due to a low water content, thus explaining specific occurrences such as extreme rate of fire spread and eruptive fire events ( Viegas and Simeoni, 2011).

[\textbackslash n] The live fresh samples of C. sempervirens did not ignite in MLC tests performed at 25 kW/m2, whereas in a previous study, live P. pinaster needles with similar FMC (95\%) ignited at the same heat flux ( Madrigal et al., 2013) ( Supplementary Fig. 1). Notably, the HRR curve obtained for C. sempervirens at 35 kW/m2 was similar to that obtained by Madrigal et al. (2013) for live P. pinaster needles at a lower heat flux (25 kW/m2). In EPI2, at 25 kW/m2 ( Table 5), the IF of fresh cypress live fuel was as low as 23\,\%, while at 55 kW/m2, the IF was 100\,\%, for both crown fresh samples and litter samples (conditioned and oven-dried). These results are consistent with the CHF values determined in MLC tests.

[\textbackslash n][...] 

[\textbackslash n] The TTI and CHF are the most representative descriptors of ignitability. Both TTI (at 50 kW/m2) and CHF of live cypress fuel obtained with MLC in the present study were significantly higher than those determined by Madrigal et al. (2013) for live P. pinaster needles with the same FMC value (95\%). The ignitability of common cypress was much lower than that of P. pinaster. Live C. sempervirens leaves also displayed the longest TTI in a comparative study of ornamental species Ganteaume et al. (2013a). However, based on TTI, common cypress has been reported to be the most flammable of several Mediterranean species tested ( Liodakis et al., 2002). This discrepancy may be due to different ignition devices used in the two studies.

[\textbackslash n] Heat content is known to be highly dependent upon the chemical composition of a fuel. The GHC values obtained in this study for live C. sempervirens samples in the oxygen bomb test were higher than those obtained for litter ( Table 3). Whereas, in contrast to the findings of Elvira and Hernando (1989), only slight differences in GHC values of live samples were found between spring and summer in the present study ( Table 4). Madrigal et al. (2011) reported a higher GHC for live P. halepensis and P. pinaster needles than for C. sempervirens and Pinus pinea. Even greater differences were observed between species on comparing the GHC of litter samples ( Supplementary Table 2). Liodakis et al. (2002) reported a lower GHC for C. sempervirens leaves that for other Mediterranean species, both conifers and broadleaf species, possibly due to differences in the proportion of chemical components in the leaves and to differences in the residual mass fraction.

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[\textbackslash n] In highly resinous species (i.e. pines) and during the heating phase, the effect of volatile flammable gases (VOCs) is crucial in priming and/or accelerating combustion (Chetehouna et al., 2009). Our findings indicate the natural resistance of live fuel of common cypress to the initial stages of combustion (ignitability). The gases produced by thermal degradation of cypress live fuel did not ignite, irrespective of the heat source (EPI or MLC) or the heat flux to which the samples were subjected. The VOCs stored in cypress leaf glands (Della Rocca, 2012 and Moya and Moya, 2013d) are probably degassed (Greenberg et al., 2006 and Ciccioli et al., 2014) when vegetation is warming up (at 60-150 \textdegree C), and thus will not contribute to ignition. Moreover, cypress is not a resinous species in the strict sense. Neither the xylem or the bark produce resin constitutively, but only as consequence of mechanical wounds or lesions due to pathogens or pests.

[\textbackslash n] In Mediterranean regions characterized by long dry summers, litter appears to play a crucial role in fire risk and transmission (Hogkinson, 2002). Both conditioned and oven-dried C. sempervirens litter samples always ignited (IF 100\%); however, in the present study all flammability parameters (except TTI) measured at 35 kW/m2 were lower than those obtained at 25 kW/m2 for P. pinaster litter with the same FMC (11\%) by Madrigal et al. (2011) ( Supplementary Table 2). Comparing different Mediterranean species, Petriccione (2006) classified the flammability of cypress litter as moderate-high, similar to that of Myrtus communis, Q. ilex, O. europea and P. halepensis, but lower than that of Quercus pubescens, Fraxinus ornus, P. pinaster and Genista aetnensis.

[\textbackslash n] In nature, C. sempervirens litter has a high bulk density ( Ganteaume et al., 2013b), as the small segments accumulate in thick layers, also due to a low mineralisation rate ( Della Rocca et al., 2006). These traits reduce the circulation of air in the litter, which may act like a sponge and retain humidity, thus hampering ignition. A thick litter layer is also known to favour self-extinction of fire ( Orme\~no et al., 2009).

[\textbackslash n] In this study, the RMF at the end of the test was considered as ash content. In the MLC tests, the ash content of cypress fresh fine fuel ranged from 3.5 to 6.8\,\%. This is consistent with the results reported by Dimitrakopoulos and Panov (2001) who obtained higher values of mineral ash for C. sempervirens leaves (4.73\%) than for other Mediterranean species such as Q. ilex (2.9\%) and P. brutia (2.8\%). The heat content of plant material has been demonstrated to be negatively related to ash content. A higher ash content essentially indicates that there is less mass to burn ( Mutch and Philpot, 1970 and Philpot, 1970), thus influencing fire sustainability and consumability. [...]

[Management recommendations and future research]

Common cypress is known to produce a deep dense litter that is difficult to ignite and even prevents the development of understory vegetation due to a presumed allelopathic effect. This species is also often planted as a windbreak to protect valuable crops from prevailing winds in the Mediterranean area. In addition to these traits, the findings of our laboratory trials, which have demonstrated the low ignitability of crown and litter cypress samples, encourage further studies at tree and plantation levels to assess the effectiveness of cypress barriers as a silviculture measure to reduce wildfire initiation risk in sensitive sites (e.g. WUIs). Well designed plantations constructed with suitable varieties of cypress (selected for habit and resistance to pathogens causing severe dieback and resin exudation, e.g. cypress canker) and taking into account topography, flammability risk mapping, land use etc. may be useful for creating buffer zones to hinder or prevent the rapid spread of wildfire, also decreasing the likelihood that a surface fire will become a crown fire. The ability of cypress plantations to slow fire progression is derived from a combination of properties of individual trees. The need of transposing laboratory results and empirical observations to a real scale, lead the Diputaci\'on de Valencia (Spain) and the province of Siena (Italy) to plan the realization of the first experimental plantations of the 'cypress system' as a way to conduct further research aimed at improving prevention against wildfires. Useful information on setting up operational cypress plantations as firewalls is reported in Della Rocca et al. (2014).},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745883,~to-add-doi-URL,cupressus-sempervirens,fire-fuel,forest-resources,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745883}
}

@article{tollefsonClimatechangeHiatusDisappears2015,
  title = {Climate-Change 'hiatus' Disappears with New Data},
  author = {Tollefson, Jeff},
  year = {2015},
  month = jun,
  issn = {1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/nature.2015.17700},
  abstract = {US agency's updated temperature records suggest that global warming continues apace.

[Excerpt] An apparent pause in global warming might have been a temporary mirage, according to recent analysis. Global average temperatures have continued to rise throughout the first part of the 21st century, researchers report on 5 June in Science1.

[\textbackslash n] That finding, which contradicts the 2013 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), is based on an update of the global temperature records maintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The previous version of the NOAA dataset had showed less warming during the first decade of the millennium.

[\textbackslash n] Researchers revised the NOAA dataset to correct for known biases in sea-surface temperature records and to incorporate data from new land-based monitoring stations that extend into the Arctic -- an area where observations are sparse. The updated NOAA dataset also includes observations from 2013 and 2014; the latter ranked as the warmest year on record. [...]},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13640209,~to-add-doi-URL,bias-correction,climate-change,data-uncertainty,global-warming,modelling,temperature},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13640209}
}

@article{vannoordenInterdisciplinaryResearchNumbers2015,
  title = {Interdisciplinary Research by the Numbers},
  author = {Van Noorden, Richard},
  year = {2015},
  month = sep,
  volume = {525},
  pages = {306--307},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/525306a},
  abstract = {An analysis reveals the extent and impact of research that bridges disciplines.

[Excerpt] Interdisciplinary work is considered crucial by scientists, policymakers and funders -- but how widespread is it really, and what impact does it have? Scholars say that the concept is complex to define and measure, but efforts to map papers by the disciplines of the journals they appear in and by their citation patterns are -- tentatively -- revealing the growth and influence of interdisciplinary research.

[\textbackslash n][...]

[Interdisciplinary research takes time to have an impact]

Whether interdisciplinary research gains more citations than disciplinary research is contentious. Over three years, papers with diverse references tend to pick up fewer citations than the norm, but over 13 years they gain more. Some studies suggest that a little interdisciplinarity is better than a lot: papers that combine very disparate fields tend to earn fewer citations. But interdisciplinary work can have broad societal and economic impacts that are not captured by citations. [...]},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13768935,~to-add-doi-URL,cooperation,cross-disciplinary-perspective,integration-techniques,interdisciplinary-research,research-funding,research-management,research-metrics,transboundary-effects,transdisciplinary-research},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13768935},
  number = {7569}
}

@article{europeanenvironmentagencyEUNISEuropeanNature2015,
  title = {{{EUNIS}}, the {{European Nature Information System}}},
  author = {{European Environment Agency}},
  year = {2015},
  abstract = {[Excerpt]The European nature information system, EUNIS, brings together European data from several databases and organisations into three interlinked modules on sites, species and habitat types.

[\textbackslash n] The EUNIS information system is part of the European Biodiversity data centre (BDC) and it is a contribution to the knowledge base for implementing the EU and global biodiversity strategies and the 7th Environmental Action Programme.

[\textbackslash n] The EUNIS information system provides access to the publicly available data in the EUNIS database. The information includes:

[::] Data on species, habitat types and designated sites compiled in the framework of Natura 2000 (EU Habitats and Birds Directives); [::] The EUNIS habitat classification; [::] Data from material compiled by the European Topic Centre of Biological Diversity; [::] Information on species, habitat types and designated sites mentioned in relevant international conventions and in the IUCN Red Lists; [::] Specific data collected in the framework of the EEA's reporting activities, which also constitute a core set of data to be updated periodically, e.g. Eionet priority dataflow Nationally designated areas (CDDA).},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13603141,europe,forest-resources,vegetation-composition,vegetation-types},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13603141}
}

@article{ascoliBuildingRothermelFire2015,
  title = {Building {{Rothermel}} Fire Behaviour Fuel Models by Genetic Algorithm Optimisation},
  author = {Ascoli, Davide and Vacchiano, Giorgio and Motta, Renzo and Bovio, Giovanni},
  year = {2015},
  volume = {24},
  pages = {317+},
  issn = {1049-8001},
  doi = {10.1071/wf14097},
  abstract = {A method to build and calibrate custom fuel models was developed by linking genetic algorithms (GA) to the Rothermel fire spread model. GA randomly generates solutions of fuel model parameters to form an initial population. Solutions are validated against observations of fire rate of spread via a goodness-of-fit metric. The population is selected for its best members, crossed over and mutated within a range of model parameter values, until a satisfactory fitness is reached. We showed that GA improved the performance of the Rothermel model in three published custom fuel models for litter, grass and shrub fuels (root mean square error decreased by 39, 19 and 26\,\%). We applied GA to calibrate a mixed grass-shrub fuel model, using fuel and fire behaviour data from fire experiments in dry heathlands of Southern Europe. The new model had significantly lower prediction error against a validation dataset than either standard or custom fuel models built using average values of inventoried fuels, and predictions of the Fuel Characteristics Classification System. GA proved a useful tool to calibrate fuel models and improve Rothermel model predictions. GA allows exploration of a continuous space of fuel parameters, making fuel model calibration computational effective and easily reproducible, and does not require fuel sampling. We suggest GA as a viable method to calibrate custom fuel models in fire modelling systems based on the Rothermel model.},
  journal = {International Journal of Wildland Fire},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14351457,environmental-modelling,fire-fuel,genetic-algorithms,grasslands,italy,modelling,optimisation,shrubs,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14351457},
  number = {3}
}

@article{wilsdonWatchdogsEuropeanSystem2015,
  title = {Watchdogs of the {{European}} System},
  author = {Wilsdon, James},
  year = {2015},
  month = may,
  volume = {348},
  pages = {947},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aac6092},
  abstract = {Henry Kissinger, as U.S Secretary of State, is famously said to have asked: '' If I want to call Europe, who do I call?'' Until recently, the scientific community thought it had an answer to this question: the chief scientific adviser (CSA) to the president of the European Commission (EC). Two weeks ago, that changed.

[Excerpt] President Juncker insisted that he was still committed to scientific advice and asked Carlos Moedas, the Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation, to lead a review of how it could be better organized. Two weeks ago, the findings were unveiled. As expected, the CSA remains dead and buried and will be replaced by a seven-strong '' high-level group'' of experts, who will be appointed before the end of the year. These experts, described by a senior official as '' watchdogs of the system,''* will be fully independent but supported by a team of around 25 staff from the EC's research directorate. Further resources of '' up to \texteuro 6 million'' will be offered to Europe's national academies to enable them to play a greater role in the provision of advice. Good working links will also be developed to the EC's in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre. [...]},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13632162,~to-add-doi-URL,bias-correction,joint-research-centre,science-based-decision-making,science-ethics,science-policy-interface,science-society-interface,scientific-communication},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13632162},
  number = {6238}
}

@article{buhlmannAlnusViridisExpansion2014,
  title = {Alnus Viridis Expansion Contributes to Excess Reactive Nitrogen Release, Reduces Biodiversity and Constrains Forest Succession in the {{Alps}}},
  author = {B{\"u}hlmann, Tobias and Hiltbrunner, Erika and K{\"o}rner, Christian},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {124},
  pages = {187--191},
  doi = {10.1007/s00035-014-0134-y},
  abstract = {Reduction in land use and complete land abandonment are widespread in mountainous regions and are mainly driven by socio-economic factors. Following land-use decline, shrubs and trees expand rapidly into montane and subalpine grassland and alter ecosystem properties at a large scale. In particular, the N2-fixing shrub Alnus viridis is currently spreading at a breath-taking speed and thereby reduces biodiversity, leads to substantial reactive nitrogen enrichment and suppresses species succession towards coniferous forests across large areas in the Alps. In addition, this shrub vegetation neither protects against avalanches nor does it secure slopes from erosion. The expanding, monotonous A. viridis shrubland is impenetrable for hikers and diminishes scenic beauty and touristic value of the landscape. Actions and management adaptations are needed to halt the expansion of A. viridis. Goats and the traditional sheep breed Engadine sheep proved to be very effective in preventing and reverting shrub expansion because of their specific browsing behaviour.},
  journal = {Alpine Botany},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13488323,alnus-viridis,alpine-region,biodiversity,green-alder,nitrogen,succession},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13488323},
  number = {2}
}

@article{euforgenDistributionMapWild2014,
  title = {Distribution Map of {{Wild}} Service Tree ({{Sorbus}} Torminalis)},
  author = {{EUFORGEN}},
  year = {2014},
  abstract = {The distribution maps on this page were compiled by experts contributing to EUFORGEN activities, based on existing bibliography and other information sources.

Individuals may use the distribution maps for personal, educational, scientific or other non-commercial purposes without prior permission from the EUFORGEN Secretariat but they must acknowledge EUFORGEN as the source of information.

In case the distribution maps are used for a publication, the EUFORGEN Secretariat would appreciate receiving a notification or a copy of the publication.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13759205,forest-resources,sorbus-torminalis,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13759205}
}

@article{lopez-pellicerGoodEnoughNichesourcing2014,
  title = {Good Enough? {{Nichesourcing}} in Data Quality Assessment},
  author = {{Lopez-Pellicer}, Francisco J. and Barrera, Jesus},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {910203+},
  abstract = {It is tempting to integrate crowdsourced data into our databases for identifying a data quality issue (e.g., '' is my Earth observation data still valid?''). Here we present a use case developed during the Linked Map project (part of the EU FP7 project PlanetData) named '' nichesourcing of data quality assessment.'' In this use case, a small group of expert volunteers assessed if the quality of a conflation of data sourced from an official national map (the BTN25, a National Map database of Spain) and a volunteered geographic information (VGI) dataset (the OpenStreetMap database) is good enough using a crowdsourcing approach. We learned that '' good enough'' is a tricky concept especially when the crowd has a known face and can influence you.},
  journal = {IEEE Earthzine},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13491979,crowd-sourcing,data-uncertainty,featured-publication,niche-sourcing,participatory-modelling},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13491979},
  number = {4}
}

@article{franksEvolutionaryPlasticResponses2014,
  title = {Evolutionary and Plastic Responses to Climate Change in Terrestrial Plant Populations},
  author = {Franks, Steven J. and Weber, Jennifer J. and Aitken, Sally N.},
  year = {2014},
  month = jan,
  volume = {7},
  pages = {123--139},
  issn = {1752-4571},
  doi = {10.1111/eva.12112},
  abstract = {As climate change progresses, we are observing widespread changes in phenotypes in many plant populations. Whether these phenotypic changes are directly caused by climate change, and whether they result from phenotypic plasticity or evolution, are active areas of investigation. Here, we review terrestrial plant studies addressing these questions. Plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change are clearly occurring. Of the 38 studies that met our criteria for inclusion, all found plastic or evolutionary responses, with 26 studies showing both. These responses, however, may be insufficient to keep pace with climate change, as indicated by eight of 12 studies that examined this directly. There is also mixed evidence for whether evolutionary responses are adaptive, and whether they are directly caused by contemporary climatic changes. We discuss factors that will likely influence the extent of plastic and evolutionary responses, including patterns of environmental changes, species' life history characteristics including generation time and breeding system, and degree and direction of gene flow. Future studies with standardized methodologies, especially those that use direct approaches assessing responses to climate change over time, and sharing of data through public databases, will facilitate better predictions of the capacity for plant populations to respond to rapid climate change.},
  journal = {Evolutionary Applications},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14310132,climate-change,complexity,limiting-factor,non-linearity,phenotypes-vs-genotypes,phenotypic-plasticity,trade-offs,vegetation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14310132},
  number = {1}
}

@article{paulsenClimatebasedModelPredict2014,
  title = {A Climate-Based Model to Predict Potential Treeline Position around the Globe},
  author = {Paulsen, Jens and K{\"o}rner, Christian},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {124},
  pages = {1--12},
  issn = {1664-221X},
  doi = {10.1007/s00035-014-0124-0},
  abstract = {In situ temperature measurements revealed that the position of the high-elevation treeline is associated with a minimum seasonal mean air temperature within a temperature-defined minimum season length across latitudes. Here, we build upon this experience and present the results of a global statistical analysis and a predictive model for low temperature treeline positions. We identified 376 natural treelines from satellite images across the globe, and searched for their closest climatic proxies using a climate database. The analysis included a snow and a water balance submodel to account for season length constraints by snow pack and drought. We arrive at thermal treeline criteria almost identical to those that emerged from the earlier in situ measurements: tree growth requires a minimum length of the growing season of 94 days. The model yields best fit when the season is defined as all days with a daily mean temperature {$>$}0.9 \textdegree C, and a mean of 6.4 \textdegree C across all these days. The resultant treeline model 'TREELIM' offers a robust estimation of potential treeline elevation based on climate data only. Error terms include imprecise treeline position in satellite images and climate approximations in mountainous terrain. The algorithm permits constraining low temperature limits of forest growth worldwide (including polar treelines) and also permits a bioclimatic stratification of mountain biota, for instance, for biodiversity assessments. As a side product, the model yields the global potentially forested area. The results support the isotherm theory for natural treeline formation. This completely independent statistical assessment of the climatic drivers of the global treeline phenomenon confirmed the results of a multi-year measurement campaign.

[Excerpt: Basic model assumptions and definition of climatic treeline proxies]

From our earlier works with data loggers (K\"orner and Paulsen 2004), it emerged that only three independent parameters are necessary to model treeline elevation by standardized meteorological data: (a) a threshold temperature DTMIN that constrains the growing season; (b) a minimum mean temperature for all days of the growing season SMT as defined in (a); (c) a minimum length of the growing season LGS. The definition of the growing season is a central issue, because temperatures outside the growing season have no predictive value (K\"orner 2012). The model, thus, needs to select periods suitable for tree growth, which means, warm enough conditions with sufficient soil moisture and no snow cover.

[\textbackslash n] Defining the beginning and end of the growing season by a critical air temperature only (as in K\"orner and Paulsen 2004) turned out to be problematic at a global scale because this procedure does not account for irregular seasonal temperatures at equatorial latitudes, and it does not account for snow pack and drought. Therefore, the TREELIM model presented here uses a LGS representing the sum of days with a daily mean temperature above a defined threshold temperature (DTMIN). The mean temperature of the growing season (SMT) for any site is then calculated by averaging the daily means for all these days. Days during which snow is present or during which soil water is not available do not count for season length [...]

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[::Snowpack] The snow module of TREELIM accounts for the assumption that trees do not exert significant growth as long as there is late-laying snow on the ground. Snow pack may thus constrain the length of the growing period, despite warm air temperatures. It was assumed that all precipitation that falls at daily mean temperatures {$\leq$}0 \textdegree C fall as snow, and snow was assumed to stay and accumulate on the ground as long as daily mean temperatures remained {$<$}0 \textdegree C. If a snow layer is present, snow is assumed to melt whenever daily mean temperatures are {$>$}0 \textdegree C at a rate of 0.84 kg m-2 day-1 for each degree {$>$}0 \textdegree C (the WATFLOOD model; http://www.civil.uwaterloo.ca/watflood/). Sublimation was ignored.

[\textbackslash n] Whenever rain falls on an existing snow layer, this water cools to 0 \textdegree C and the thermal energy (4.186 kJ kg-1 K-1) is used to melt snow (333.5 kJ kg-1 snow). Thus, 1 mm of rain melts 1/80 kg m-2 snow per degree air temperature above 0 \textdegree C. The quantity of snow pack (in kg m-2) was calculated by a simple input-output model with a daily resolution: snow layer at day (i) = snow layer at day (i - 1) + snowfall at day (i) - snow melt at day (i).

[\textbackslash n] [...]

[::Site water balance] [...] The water balance equation was solved by a submodel of TREELIM that accounts for precipitation (liquid and solid), evapotranspiration, and the resulting soil water content. Since climate databases offer only monthly precipitation, we had to approximate actual rainfall regimes, assuming that air temperature determines saturated vapour content of the air. We then adopted a temperature-related stepwise interpolation of mean daily rainfall from annual data with a monthly resolution. This given amount of precipitation water was allocated by plausibility to precipitation events in the following way: The mean per day event was assumed to be 5 mm if the monthly mean T was {$<$}5 \textdegree C, 10 mm for 5-10 \textdegree C, 15 mm for 10-15 \textdegree C, 20 mm for {$>$}15 \textdegree C. For instance, if the monthly mean temperature is 7.3 \textdegree C and the monthly precipitation is 27.4 mm, precipitation events are assumed to be 10 mm each, one on day 7, one on day 14, and the remaining 7.4 mm are assumed to fall on day 21.

[\textbackslash n] This procedure is more realistic than for instance splitting monthly precipitation into 30 events. Since soil moisture is buffering moisture availability, the actual fragmentation of monthly precipitation is not very critical, except for conditions where drought is critical, which is rare at alpine treeline elevations. Errors introduced by this procedure are certainly small compared to the uncertainty of actual precipitation at treeline, based on climatic layers derived from low elevation climate stations.

[::Daily Potential evapotranspiration] (DPET) was estimated using the Hargreaves equation (Hargreaves and Samani 1985) in the FAO-56 form as adopted by Allen et al. (1998), again with a daily resolution. [...]

[::The water balance] for a given day was then calculated with a two-layer bucket model for a given soil water holding capacity as defined by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP 2000). [...]

[\textbackslash n] [...]},
  journal = {Alpine Botany},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14127697,bioclimatic-predictors,climate,ecological-zones,environmental-modelling,forest-resources,global-scale,landscape-dynamics,precipitation,snow,temperature,tree-line},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14127697},
  number = {1}
}

@article{natureTrickLight2014,
  title = {Trick of the Light},
  author = {{Nature}},
  year = {2014},
  month = feb,
  volume = {506},
  pages = {6},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/506006b},
  abstract = {The Amazon doesn't absorb extra carbon in the dry season after all. It can become a carbon source.},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12972834,amazonia,carbon-cycle,forest-resources,modelling,modelling-uncertainty,organic-carbon,precipitation,remote-sensing,solar-radiation,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12972834},
  number = {7486}
}

@article{pardosRoleDevelopmentalStage2014,
  title = {The Role of Developmental Stage in Frost Tolerance of {{Pinus}} Pinea {{L}}. Seedlings and Saplings},
  author = {Pardos, Marta and Climent, Jos{\'e} and Almeida, Helena and Calama, Rafael},
  year = {2014},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {551--562},
  doi = {10.1007/s13595-014-0361-9},
  abstract = {Context Although drought is generally considered the main environmental constraint in Mediterranean environments, the ability to acclimate to and tolerate frost in early developmental stages can be a determinant for seedling survival of many Mediterranean tree species like stone pine (Pinus pinea L.). Aims The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the developmental stage of naturally regenerated stone pine individuals on tolerance to low temperature (LT) from summer to late autumn and in spring, at a highly continental site in central Spain. Specifically, we tested to what extent the differences in tolerance are related to shoot heteroblasty. Methods We assessed LT tolerance of needles from individuals at three age classes (class C1: seedlings, class C2: 4- to 8-year-old saplings and class C3: {$>$}9-year-old saplings) over nine dates from summer to spring. Results LT tolerance displayed severe seasonal trends and differed between age classes. It usually increased with sapling age. Such differences were tightly related to heteroblasty of the shoots. Our results point to a higher LT tolerance associated with larger leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) values. No impact of late frosts on shoot growth rates was detected during this study. Conclusions Developmental changes during early plant growth seem to play a role in frost tolerance of stone pine seedlings, a finding which furthers our understanding of regeneration dynamics in this species in areas with continental influence.},
  journal = {Annals of Forest Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13504675,forest-regeneration,frost-resistance,pinus-pinea},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13504675},
  number = {5}
}

@article{schiermeierIPCCReportFire2014,
  title = {{{IPCC}} Report under Fire},
  author = {Schiermeier, Quirin},
  year = {2014},
  month = apr,
  volume = {508},
  pages = {298},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/508298a},
  abstract = {Critics attack panel's lack of specific guidance on how countries should lower emissions. [Excerpt] [...] The document, a policy summary prepared by Working Group III of the IPCC, is the third instalment of the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report. It follows reports on the science of climate and the impacts of climate change, released in the past few months. Compiled by hundreds of lead and reviewing authors over several years, the report warns that without substantial policy and technology changes, the world is heading towards dangerous temperature rises. Its focus is therefore on the technological and economic options for stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations at acceptable levels. [...] The report, released at a packed press conference in a Berlin hotel, details how annual emissions have increased from 27 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO2 equivalent in 1970 to 49\,Gt in 2010 (see 'Who emits what?'). Emissions may now have reached more than 52\,Gt per year. The report adds that to have a 50\,\% chance of keeping the global surface-temperature increase below the UN target of 2\,\textdegree C, humans must not release more than an additional 1,550\,Gt of greenhouse gases before 2100. At current rates, that limit will be exceeded before 2050.

The working group also warns that developed countries' emissions targets for 2020 -- agreed at a 2010 climate summit in Cancun, Mexico -- are inconsistent with the 2\,\textdegree C ceiling, which was set at the same summit. '' Meeting this goal would require further substantial reductions beyond 2020,'' the report finds. 

The IPCC also acknowledges that the renewable-energy industry is making substantial gains in performance and cost reductions. But it notes that growing global energy demand and an increase in coal's share of the global fuel mix in recent years threaten to thwart mitigation efforts. [...] Some researchers have long argued for a more pragmatic and diversified approach to climate change. For example, one group wrote in a policy paper in 2010 that fostering technological progress while focusing on poverty reduction -- an estimated 1.5 billion people have no access to electricity -- might ultimately prove more effective than international treaties such as the expired Kyoto Protocol on climate change (G. Prins et al. The Hartwell Paper; LSE, 2010). [...] Most critics agree that the IPCC, despite not having a remit to prescribe policies, has managed to strengthen the links between science and politics. '' The process forces policy-makers to really engage with the science underlying climate change''},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13140128,climate-change,communicating-uncertainty,complexity,environmental-policy,ipcc,mitigation,multi-stakeholder-decision-making,science-based-decision-making,science-policy-interface,scientific-communication},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13140128},
  number = {7496}
}

@article{rodriguez-aserettoFreeOpenSource2013,
  title = {Free and {{Open Source Software}} Underpinning the {{European Forest Data Centre}}},
  author = {{Rodriguez-Aseretto}, Dario and Di Leo, Margherita and {de Rigo}, Daniele and Corti, Paolo and McInerney, Daniel and Camia, Andrea and {San-Miguel-Ayanz}, Jes{\'u}s},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {12101+},
  issn = {1607-7962},
  doi = {10.6084/m9.figshare.155700},
  abstract = {Worldwide, governments are growingly focusing on free and open source software (FOSS) as a move toward transparency and the freedom to run, copy, study, change and improve the software. The European Commission (EC) is also supporting the development of FOSS [...]. In addition to the financial savings, FOSS contributes to scientific knowledge freedom in computational science (CS) and is increasingly rewarded in the science-policy interface within the emerging paradigm of open science. Since complex computational science applications may be affected by software uncertainty, FOSS may help to mitigate part of the impact of software errors by CS community- driven open review, correction and evolution of scientific code. The continental scale of EC science-based policy support implies wide networks of scientific collaboration. Thematic information systems also may benefit from this approach within reproducible integrated modelling. This is supported by the EC strategy on FOSS: "for the development of new information systems, where deployment is foreseen by parties outside of the EC infrastructure, FOSS will be the preferred choice and in any case used whenever possible". The aim of this contribution is to highlight how a continental scale information system may exploit and integrate FOSS technologies within the transdisciplinary research underpinning such a complex system. A European example is discussed where FOSS innervates both the structure of the information system itself and the inherent transdisciplinary research for modelling the data and information which constitute the system content. [...]},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11988844,computational-science,data-transformation-modelling,environmental-modelling,europe,free-scientific-knowledge,free-scientific-software,free-software,gdal,geospatial,geospatial-semantic-array-programming,gis,gnu-octave,gnu-r,guidos-mspa,integrated-modelling,integrated-natural-resources-modelling-and-management,mastrave-modelling-library,modelling,modelling-uncertainty,numpy,open-science,pktools,python,robust-modelling,science-policy-interface,scipy,semantic-array-programming,semantics,semap,software-engineering,software-errors,software-uncertainty,system-engineering,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11988844},
  series = {Geophysical {{Research Abstracts}}}
}

@incollection{farjonTaxusBaccataVersion2013,
  title = {Taxus Baccata - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Farjon, A.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {42546/0+},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] The Common Yew (Taxus baccata) has a very extensive range throughout Europe and beyond. Exploitation and attempts at eradication are no longer current. Cultivated rather than wild populations are exploited for chemical compounds to produce Taxol\textregistered{} unlike the situation with other yew species. Expansion is observed in many woodlands in recent decades. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Common Yew, European Yew [::]French - If [::Range Description] Taxus baccata occurs in all European countries as well as those in the Caucasus, and from Turkey eastwards to northern Iran. In North Africa it occurs in Morocco and Algeria. Consequently its extent of occurrence is well in excess of the Red List thresholds for any threatened category. [::Countries] Native:Albania; Algeria; Andorra; Armenia (Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh); Austria; Azerbaijan (Nakhichevan); Belgium; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France (Corsica); Georgia (Abkhaziya, Adzhariya); Germany; Gibraltar; Greece (Kriti); Guernsey; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Ireland; Isle of Man; Italy (Sardegna, Sicilia); Jersey; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Luxembourg; Malta; Moldova; Monaco; Montenegro; Morocco; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal (Azores); Romania; Russian Federation (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetiya, Kabardino-Balkariya, Kaliningrad, Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, Krasnodar, Severo-Osetiya, Stavropol); Serbia (Serbia); Spain (Baleares); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey (Turkey-in-Europe); Ukraine (Krym); United Kingdom [::Population] The global population is increasing due to changed woodland management, which has become less intensified in many parts of Europe. In Scandinavia, it may be expected to expand inland from coastal areas if the warming climate trend continues. [::Habitat and Ecology] Taxus baccata is capable of growing under (not entirely closed) canopy of beech (Fagus spp.) as well as other deciduous broad-leaved trees, but it will only develop to large trees in more open situations. In Switzerland, the richest area of Central Europe for yew, it forms a yew-beech wood on cool, steep marl slopes in the Jura and the foothills of the Alps up to 1,400 m a.s.l. (Ellenberg 1988). Under the evergreen Common Yew, nothing else will grow. In England, T. baccata is best developed on chalk downs - again on steep slopes - and can form extensive stands outside the beech woods invading down grassland. In much of Europe where the climate is less oceanic it survives better in mixed forests, coniferous as well as mixed broad-leaved-conifer forests, again mostly on limestone substrates, and often occupying rocky cliffs and slopes. On acid soils yews perform less well under canopy and usually do not develop beyond a sapling stage in woods. Its northern limits in Scandinavia are determined by its sensitivity to severe frost. Its toxicity (all parts except the red arils around the seeds) prevent browsing by cattle and sheep, but not by rabbits and deer, as these animals have developed a level of immunity to the dangerous alkaloids. Apart from seed germination (dispersed by birds), T. baccata readily regenerates from stumps and roots (suckers); ancient hollow trees may rejuvenate constantly in this way. When planted, e.g. in church yards and cemeteries, soil pH seems unimportant; some of the largest and presumably oldest specimen trees in NW Europe, in particular Brittany (France) and the British Isles, are known from such locations and were planted probably since Celtic times [::Use and Trade] In the Middle Ages the wood of Common Yew was very much in demand for long-bows and cross-bows and was exported from Switzerland to England. Yews were also planted near sacred wells, early Christian churches, monasteries, and castles for symbolic/religious reasons as well as practical (military) ones. It still is one of the obligatory cemetery trees in NW and Central Europe. The hard, slow growing wood is used for gates, furniture, parquet floors, panelling, and is excellent for carving and wood turning as its contorted growth and 'burls' form intricate, vari-coloured patterns. For the same reasons yew does not provide timber suitable for construction. The toxicity to cattle and horses has led to extermination of Taxus baccata from many woodlands in past centuries, when almost all woodland served for grazing animals. Although of lower concentration than in some other species, its alkaloid taxanes, contained mostly in the leaves, yield a semi-synthesized anti-cancer drug similar to Taxol\textregistered{} and yew hedge clippings can still be sold to pharmaceutical companies. As an ornamental shrub or tree it reappeared in the formal gardens of the Baroque period, as it lends itself to clipped hedges and topiary of all shapes. This horticultural interest has in turn led to the development of numerous cultivars, some of which have bright yellow arils around the seeds. [::Major Threat(s)] Although in past centuries Yew has been 'persecuted' in much of Europe and it had become rare in many areas, with the changes in woodland management and use since the nineteenth century the species has made a remarkable come-back and is not in danger of extinction in the wild.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621296,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,taxus-baccata},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621296}
}

@incollection{ducciWildCherryBreeding2013,
  title = {Wild Cherry Breeding ({{Prunus}} Avium {{L}}.)},
  booktitle = {Forest {{Tree Breeding}} in {{Europe}}},
  author = {Ducci, Fulvio and De Cuyper, Bart and De Rogatis, Anna and Dufour, Jean and Santi, Fr{\'e}derique},
  editor = {P{\^a}ques, Luc E.},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {25},
  pages = {463--511},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-94-007-6146-9\\_10},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13798294,forest-resources,prunus-avium,species-description,tree-breeding},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13798294},
  series = {Managing {{Forest Ecosystems}}}
}

@article{adamsPhylogenyJuniperusUsing2013a,
  title = {Phylogeny of {{Juniperus}} Using {{nrDNA}} and Four {{cpDNA}} Regions},
  author = {Adams, R. P. and Schwarzbach, A. E.},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {95},
  pages = {179--187},
  abstract = {The Phylogeny of Juniperusis presented based on nrDNA (ITS), petN-psbM, trnS-trnG, trnD-trnT, trnL-trnF sequencing (4411 bp) utilizing all currently recognized species. The major clades of the phylogenetic tree were congruent with the previouslypublished phylogenetic tree of Mao et al. (2010) that had a subset of taxa of the current study. The lone species with serrate leaves in the eastern hemisphere, J. phoenicea, was found to be in a clade quite separated from the serrate junipers of North America. Juniperus phoeniceais referred to as 'pseudoserrate' to distinguish it from the semi-arid, serrate leaf junipers of the western hemisphere. Section Sabinais the most derived group and has radiated into niches in both the eastern and western hemispheres with approx. 60 species.},
  journal = {Phytologia},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13699749,forest-resources,juniperus-spp,phylogenetics,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13699749},
  number = {2}
}

@article{emanuelDownscalingCMIP5Climate2013,
  title = {Downscaling {{CMIP5}} Climate Models Shows Increased Tropical Cyclone Activity over the 21st Century},
  author = {Emanuel, Kerry A.},
  year = {2013},
  month = jul,
  volume = {110},
  pages = {12219--12224},
  issn = {1091-6490},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1301293110},
  abstract = {A recently developed technique for simulating large [O(104)] numbers of tropical cyclones in climate states described by global gridded data is applied to simulations of historical and future climate states simulated by six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) global climate models. Tropical cyclones downscaled from the climate of the period 1950-2005 are compared with those of the 21st century in simulations that stipulate that the radiative forcing from greenhouse gases increases by over preindustrial values. In contrast to storms that appear explicitly in most global models, the frequency of downscaled tropical cyclones increases during the 21st century in most locations. The intensity of such storms, as measured by their maximum wind speeds, also increases, in agreement with previous results. Increases in tropical cyclone activity are most prominent in the western North Pacific, but are evident in other regions except for the southwestern Pacific. The increased frequency of events is consistent with increases in a genesis potential index based on monthly mean global model output. These results are compared and contrasted with other inferences concerning the effect of global warming on tropical cyclones.},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12594519,atmosphere,climate-change,climate-extremes,climate-projections,cyclone,global-scale,meteorology,windstorm},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12594519},
  number = {30}
}

@article{quoidbachEndHistoryIllusion2013,
  title = {The {{End}} of {{History Illusion}}},
  author = {Quoidbach, Jordi and Gilbert, Daniel T. and Wilson, Timothy D.},
  year = {2013},
  month = jan,
  volume = {339},
  pages = {96--98},
  issn = {1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1229294},
  abstract = {We measured the personalities, values, and preferences of more than 19,000 people who ranged in age from 18 to 68 and asked them to report how much they had changed in the past decade and/or to predict how much they would change in the next decade. Young people, middle-aged people, and older people all believed they had changed a lot in the past but would change relatively little in the future. People, it seems, regard the present as a watershed moment at which they have finally become the person they will be for the rest of their lives. This '' end of history illusion'' had practical consequences, leading people to overpay for future opportunities to indulge their current preferences.},
  journal = {Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11864984,cognitive-biases,end-of-history-bias},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11864984},
  number = {6115}
}

@incollection{farjonPinusBrutiaVersion2013,
  title = {Pinus Brutia - {{Version}} 2014.3},
  booktitle = {The {{IUCN Red List}} of {{Threatened Species}}},
  author = {Farjon, A.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {42347/0+},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] Pinus brutia is assessed as Least Concern as it is widespread and abundant in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin, and actually spreading from plantations. [::Common Name(s)] [::]English - Calabrian Pine, Brutia Pine [::Taxonomic Notes] Four varieties are recognized; the typical variety which is widespread in the eastern Mediterranean, var. eldarica from the Caucasus, Iran and Iraq, var. pendulifolia from Turkey and var. pityusa from the Caucasus and Crimea. Pinus brutia var. eldarica has been separately assessed as Near Threatened while P. brutia var. pityusa has been separately assessed as Vulnerable due to habitat loss in many areas. [::Range Description] Found in the eastern Mediterranean Region; around the Black Sea; Caucasus; Turkey; NW Iran; and N Iraq. The extent of~occurrence~and area of occupancy are both beyond the thresholds for any threatened category. [::Countries] Native:Armenia (Armenia); Azerbaijan; Cyprus; Georgia; Greece (East Aegean Is., Kriti); Lebanon; Syrian Arab Republic; Turkey; Ukraine (Krym) [::Population] The population is thought to be increasing. [::Habitat and Ecology] Pinus brutia can form extensive, relatively open pine forests, either pure or mixed with Cupressus sempervirens and Juniperus excelsa, or mixed open woodland with Quercus coccifera or Q. calliprinos, Pistacio lentiscus and other drought tolerant trees. It regenerates after fire by seed dispersal and can successfully invade maquis vegetation when this does not burn for several years. The near-coastal natural distribution of this pine coincides with the Mediterranean climate characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. In contrast with planted forests, natural forests of Pinus brutia have a diverse undergrowth of shrubs and herbs and form important habitat for wildlife. The altitudinal range of this species is from near sea level to 1,500 m. [::Use and Trade] Pinus brutia has been planted extensively in countries around the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea as it is the easiest pine to grow (with P. halepensis) in the Mediterranean climate. It was originally described from Calabria in Italy, which is probably a planted source. Frequent use of P. halepensis sources from the western Mediterranean threaten to destroy the genetic distinctions between the two species, possibly also in natural stands of P. brutia. The latter species has a 'better' stem shape and growth from a forestry point of view and should therefore be protected. Its timber is used for fencing posts, telephone posts, building timbers, railway sleepers, carpentry, boxes and crates, hardboard and pulp. The resin of both pines has been used from ancient times to flavour white wines known as retsina and is still tapped especially in Turkey, now mainly for the production of turpentine. In horticulture its use is less common, mainly as an occasional amenity tree in villages and towns around the Mediterranean Sea; this species was also tried as a forestry plantation tree in SE Australia. [::Major Threat(s)] No specific threats have been identified for this species.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621292,conservation,forest-resources,iucn,iucn-least-concern-lc,pinus-brutia},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621292}
}

@article{soderbergRisingPolicyConflicts2013,
  title = {Rising Policy Conflicts in {{Europe}} over Bioenergy and Forestry},
  author = {S{\"o}derberg, Charlotta and Eckerberg, Katarina},
  year = {2013},
  month = aug,
  volume = {33},
  pages = {112--119},
  issn = {1389-9341},
  doi = {10.1016/j.forpol.2012.09.015},
  abstract = {[Highlights]

[::] EU Bioenergy policy cuts across forest, agriculture, energy and transport sectors. [::] Increased pressure on forest biomass risks putting EU in a wood-deficit situation. [::] Bioenergy conflicts regard land use, biodiversity, climate and sustainability. [::] Conflicts on environmental consequences from bioenergy policy are reconcilable. [::] Conflicts on globally shared rights and responsibilities are not easily reconciled.

[Abstract] Growing concerns over emissions of green-house gases causing climate change as well as energy security concerns have spurred the interest in bioenergy production pushed by EU targets to fulfil the goal of 20~per cent renewable energy in 2020, as well as the goal of 10~per cent renewable fuels in transport by 2020. Increased bioenergy production is also seen to have political and economic benefits for rural areas and farming regions in Europe and in the developing world. There are, however, conflicting views on the potential benefits of large scale bioenergy production, and recent debates have also drawn attention to a range of environmental and socio-economic issues that may arise in this respect. One of these challenges will be that of accommodating forest uses - including wood for energy, and resulting intensification of forest management - with biodiversity protection in order to meet EU policy goals. We note that the use of biomass and biofuels spans over several economic sector policy areas, which calls for assessing and integrating environmental concerns across forest, agriculture, energy and transport sectors. In this paper, we employ frame analysis to identify the arguments for promoting bioenergy and assess the potential policy conflicts in the relevant sectors, through the analytical lens of environmental policy integration. We conclude that while there is considerable leverage of environmental arguments in favour of bioenergy in the studied economic sectors, and potential synergies with other policy goals, environmental interest groups remain sceptical to just how bioenergy is currently being promoted. There is a highly polarised debate particularly relating to biofuel production. Based on our analysis, we discuss the potential for how those issues could be reconciled drawing on the frame conflict theory, distinguishing between policy disagreements and policy controversies.},
  journal = {Forest Policy and Economics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11738844,~to-add-doi-URL,bioenergy,biomass,europe,forest-resources,ghg,science-policy-interface,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11738844}
}

@article{carnicerLargescaleRecruitmentLimitation2013,
  title = {Large-Scale Recruitment Limitation in {{Mediterranean}} Pines: The Role of {{Quercus}} Ilex and Forest Successional Advance as Key Regional Drivers},
  author = {Carnicer, Jofre and Coll, Marta and Pons, Xavier and Ninyerola, Miquel and Vayreda, Jordi and Pe{\~n}uelas, Josep},
  year = {2013},
  month = oct,
  pages = {n/a},
  issn = {1466-8238},
  doi = {10.1111/geb.12111},
  abstract = {Aim Large-scale patterns of limitations in tree recruitment remain poorly described in the Mediterranean Basin, and this information is required to assess the impacts of global warming on forests. Here, we unveil the existence of opposite trends of recruitment limitation between the dominant genera Quercus and Pinus on a large scale and identify the key ecological drivers of these diverging trends. Location Spain Methods We gathered data from the Spanish National Forest inventory to assess recruitment trends for the dominant species (Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus uncinata, Quercus suber, Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Quercus faginea and Quercus pyrenaica). We assessed the direct and indirect drivers of recruitment by applying Bayesian structural equation modelling techniques. Results Severe limitations in recruitment were observed across extensive areas for all Pinus species studied, with recruitment failure affecting 54-71\,\% of the surveyed plots. In striking contrast, Quercus species expanded into 41\,\% of the plots surveyed compared to only 10\,\% for Pinus and had a lower local recruitment failure (29\,\% of Quercus localities compared to 63\,\% for Pinus species). Bayesian structural equation models highlighted the key role of the presence of Q.\,ilex saplings and the increase in the basal area of Q.\,ilex in limiting recruitment in five Pinus species. The recruitment of P.\,sylvestris and P.\,nigra showed the most negative trends and was negatively associated with the impacts of fire. Main conclusions This study identified Q.\,ilex, the most widespread species in this area, as a key driver of recruitment shifts on a large scale, negatively affecting most pine species with the advance of forest succession. These results highlight that the future expansion/contraction of Q.\,ilex stands with ongoing climate change will be a key process indirectly controlling the demographic responses of Pinus species in the Mediterranean Basin.},
  journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12651320,anthropogenic-changes,anthropogenic-unsustainable-species-distribution,climate-change,ecosystem-invasibility,forest-resources,global-warming,invasive-species,mediterranean-region,pinus-halepensis,pinus-nigra,pinus-pinaster,pinus-pinea,pinus-sylvestris,pinus-uncinata,plantation,potential-habitat,quercus-faginea,quercus-ilex,quercus-petraea,quercus-pyrenaica,quercus-robur,quercus-suber,spain,sustainability},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12651320}
}

@inproceedings{bavotaEvolutionProjectInterdependencies2013,
  title = {The {{Evolution}} of {{Project Inter}}-Dependencies in a {{Software Ecosystem}}: {{The Case}} of {{Apache}}},
  booktitle = {Software {{Maintenance}} ({{ICSM}}), 2013 29th {{IEEE International Conference}} On},
  author = {Bavota, G. and Canfora, G. and Di Penta, M. and Oliveto, R. and Panichella, S.},
  year = {2013},
  pages = {280--289},
  publisher = {{IEEE / Univ. of Sannio, Benevento, Italy}},
  issn = {1063-6773},
  doi = {10.1109/icsm.2013.39},
  abstract = {Software ecosystems consist of multiple software projects, often interrelated each other by means of dependency relations. When one project undergoes changes, other projects may decide to upgrade the dependency. For example, a project could use a new version of another project because the latter has been enhanced or subject to some bug-fixing activities. This paper reports an exploratory study aimed at observing the evolution of the Java subset of the Apache ecosystem, consisting of 147 projects, for a period of 14 years, and resulting in 1,964 releases. Specifically, we analyze (i) how dependencies change over time, (ii) whether a dependency upgrade is due to different kinds of factors, such as different kinds of API changes or licensing issues, and (iii) how an upgrade impacts on a related project. Results of this study help to comprehend the phenomenon of library/component upgrade, and provides the basis for a new family of recommenders aimed at supporting developers in the complex (and risky) activity of managing library/component upgrade within their software projects.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13116370,complexity,ecosystem,ecosystem-change,evolution,free-software,software-evolution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13116370}
}

@article{boisvertPositioningACMOpen2013,
  title = {Positioning {{ACM}} for an Open Access Future},
  author = {Boisvert, Ronald F. and Davidson, Jack W.},
  year = {2013},
  month = feb,
  volume = {56},
  pages = {5},
  issn = {0001-0782},
  doi = {10.1145/2408776.2408777},
  abstract = {An abstract is not available.},
  journal = {Commun. ACM},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11973845,acm,open-access,scientific-communication},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11973845},
  number = {2}
}

@article{natureDisciplinaryAction2013,
  title = {Disciplinary Action},
  author = {{Nature}},
  year = {2013},
  month = mar,
  volume = {495},
  pages = {409--410},
  issn = {0028-0836},
  doi = {10.1038/495409b},
  abstract = {How scientists share and reuse information is driven by technology but shaped by discipline.

[Excerpt] [] [...]

The transformation of research publishing is less a revolution and more a war of attrition. Battle lines were drawn long ago and all sides are well dug-in. In 2001, this journal published a series of viewpoints on the future of 'e-access to the primary literature' (see go.nature.com/pezj84). Those attitudes seem strikingly familiar today. At the time, the founders of the Public Library of Science initiative (then PLS, now reborn as the publisher PLoS) urged that research results should be stored in free, online, centralized repositories. Technology enthusiasts sang the praises of easy search and retrieval across a wide range of publication formats beyond the traditional journal article, but warned of the need for common standards. Publishers pointed out that someone would have to finance the publication of the increasing tide of information, and debated where revenue sources should come from.

[] There was a voice missing from that debate: yours. More than a decade on, this journal's publisher, Nature Publishing Group (NPG), tried to remedy that by surveying more than 23,000 scientists about their experience of and opinions on open-access publishing. The key question is not just what scientists could have, but what they want. [...]

[] One preliminary result that stands out is the diversity of experiences and attitudes across disciplines. In biology, 17\,\% of papers published by the respondents over the past three years had been immediately made free for all to read by paying the publisher up front, and more than half of the biologists surveyed said that they had published at least one such paper. In chemistry, the proportion of papers was just 4\,\%, and less than one-quarter of chemists had published at least one open-access paper. More than half of biologists felt that '' all papers should be published open-access'', whereas just under one-third of chemists agreed (the remaining one-third of chemists neither agreed nor disagreed).

[] Nor do scientists hold consistent views about how widely information should be shared and reused. [...]

[] [...]

[] The dazzling variety of publishing options will fragment the information available on the web. Scholars need to think through how they would like that information to be shared and reused -- answers may be different for the various disciplines. One revolution does not yet fit all.},
  journal = {Nature},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14090276,~to-add-doi-URL,cross-disciplinary-perspective,disciplinary-barrier,free-scientific-knowledge,free-software,knowledge-freedom,open-access,open-data,open-science,scientific-knowledge-sharing},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14090276},
  number = {7442}
}

@article{arzanlouPhenotypicMolecularCharacterisation2013,
  title = {Phenotypic and Molecular Characterisation of {{Colletotrichum}} Acutatum, the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Disease on {{Cornus}} Mas in {{Iran}}},
  author = {Arzanlou, M. and Torbati, M.},
  year = {2013},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {518--525},
  issn = {1477-2906},
  doi = {10.1080/03235408.2012.745056},
  abstract = {Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), known as European Corneal, is native to south Europe and south-west Asia. This deciduous shrub with edible and medicinal fruits grows wild in Arasbaran forests located in Azerbaijan and Gazvin regions in Northern Iran. A new leaf spot and fruit rot disease have recently been observed on this host in Arasbaran forests located in north-west of Iran. Leaves and fruit samples were collected from heavily infected Cornus mas trees in this region during October 2011. The causal agent of the diseases was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The identity of the species was further confirmed using sequence data from ITS-rDNA region. A phylogeny inferred using sequence data from ITS-rDNA region placed our isolate together with other C. acutatum from host plant species in GenBank. Pathogenicity of C. acutatum was confirmed by the inoculation of C. mas fruits in laboratory condition. The life cycle, distribution and the impact of disease on crop yield remain to be studied.},
  journal = {Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13555162,cornus-mas,forest-resources,iran,plant-pests,plantation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13555162},
  number = {5}
}

@article{mitchellWindNaturalDisturbance2013,
  title = {Wind as a Natural Disturbance Agent in Forests: A Synthesis},
  author = {Mitchell, S. J.},
  year = {2013},
  month = apr,
  volume = {86},
  pages = {147--157},
  issn = {1464-3626},
  doi = {10.1093/forestry/cps058},
  abstract = {Windthrow is all too often looked at as an exceptional, catastrophic phenomenon rather than a recurrent natural disturbance that falls within the spectrum of chronic and acute effects of wind on forests, and that drives ecosystem patterns and processes. This paper provides an integrative overview of the nature, contributing factors and impacts of wind-caused disturbance in forests, including its effects on trees, stands, landscapes and soils. Windthrow is examined through the integrating concepts of: the capacity of trees for acclimative growth, the limitation of acclimative growth under inter-tree competition, the recurrent nature of severe weather, how terrain and soil conditions affect local stand vulnerability and the effect of recurrent windthrow on stand dynamics and soils. Windthrow management should take place within a framework of general risk management, with evaluation of the likelihood, severity and potential impacts of wind damage considered - with reference to the broad and specific aims of management. There is much to be gained from interdisciplinary communication about the nature and consequences of recurrent wind damage. There are opportunities for climatologists, engineers, ecologists, geomorphologists and others to develop integrative process models at the tree, stand and landscape scales that will improve our collective understanding, and inform management decision-making.},
  journal = {Forestry},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13940408,disturbances,windstorm,windthrow},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13940408},
  number = {2}
}

@article{seebachChoiceForestMap2012,
  title = {Choice of Forest Map Has Implications for Policy Analysis: A Case Study on the {{EU}} Biofuel Target},
  author = {Seebach, Lucia and McCallum, Ian and Fritz, Steffen and Kindermann, Georg and Leduc, Sylvain and B{\"o}ttcher, Hannes and Fuss, Sabine},
  year = {2012},
  month = oct,
  volume = {22},
  pages = {13--24},
  issn = {1462-9011},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2012.04.010},
  abstract = {With the increasing availability of European and global forest maps, users are facing the difficult choice to select the most appropriate map for their purposes. Many of these maps are potential input datasets for forest-related applications for the European Union (EU), due to their spatial extent and harmonised approach at the European level. However, they possess different characteristics in terms of spatial detail or thematic accuracy. Little attention has been paid to the effect of these characteristics on simulation models and the resultant policy implications. In this study we tested whether the choice of a forest map has substantial influence on model output, i.e. if output differences can be related to the input differences. A sensitivity analysis of the spatially explicit Global Forest Model (G4M) was performed using four different forest maps: the pan-European high resolution forest/non-forest map (FMAP), the Corine Land Cover (CLC), the Calibrated European Forest Map (CEFM) and the Global Land Cover (GLC). Finally, the impact of potential differences owing to input datasets on decision-making was tested in a selected case study: reaching the EU 10\,\% biofuel target through enhanced utilization of forest biomass. The sensitivity analysis showed that the choice of the forest cover map has a major influence on the model outputs in particular at the country-level, while having less influence at the EU27 level. Differences between the input datasets are strongly reflected in the outputs. Similarly, depending on the choice of the input alternate options for decision-making were found within the hypothesized biofuel target (case study), demonstrating a substantial value of information. In general, it was demonstrated that input maps are the major driver of decision-making if forest resource outputs of the model are their basis. Improvement of the input forest map would result in immediate benefit for a better decision-making basis. \^a\textordmasculine{} Sensitivity analysis of a simulation model showed strong influence of forest maps. \^a\textordmasculine{} Strongest effect on model outputs at country-level, less influence at EU27 level. \^a\textordmasculine{} An EU biofuel case study found similar effect of forest maps on decision-making. \^a\textordmasculine{} Importance of careful choice of forest input maps for models is highlighted. \^a\textordmasculine{} Map improvement brings immediate benefit to decision-making policy process.},
  journal = {Environmental Science \& Policy},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10900721,bioenergy,communicating-uncertainty,environmental-modelling,europe,forest-resources,mapping,modelling,science-based-decision-making,science-policy-interface,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10900721}
}

@article{dimaioUncertaintyOptimalLevel2012,
  title = {Uncertainty and the Optimal Level of Specialization},
  author = {Di Maio, Michele and Valente, Marco},
  year = {2012},
  month = sep,
  volume = {66},
  pages = {213--218},
  issn = {1090-9443},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rie.2012.04.001},
  abstract = {Using a two-sector one-factor comparative-advantage-based trade model under uncertainty, we show that (1) to specialize according to comparative advantages may be sub-optimal in a multi-period setting; (2) there are conditions under which, even if agents are risk-neutral, the decentralized solution is inefficient and characterized by overspecialization. \^a\textordmasculine{} Comparative-advantage-induced full specialization may be sub-optimal in a multi-period setting. \^a\textordmasculine{} The centralized and the decentralized optimal level of specialization are different in a multi-period setting. \^a\textordmasculine{} The decentralized optimal level of specialization is inefficient and characterized by overspecialization.},
  journal = {Research in Economics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10618916,competition,economics,local-over-complication,overspecialization,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10618916},
  number = {3}
}

@article{haughianExpectedEffectsClimate2012,
  title = {Expected Effects of Climate Change on Forest Disturbance Regimes in {{British Columbia}}},
  author = {Haughian, Sean and Burton, Philip and Taylor, Steve and Curry, Charles},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {13},
  issn = {1488-4674},
  abstract = {Projections for forest disturbance and damage under a changing climate in British Columbia are summarized, with the objective of collating regionally specific expectations so that land managers can take pro-active steps to avoid or adapt to the changes expected. While some projections are based on extrapolations of recent multi-decadal trends, most are based on global climate models (GCMs) that must make assumptions about the range of CO2 emissions and the status of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions over the next century. Regardless of emission scenarios, it is universally expected that British Columbia will experience warmer air temperatures, coupled with more precipitation in some regions and less in others. Forest fires are expected to be more frequent and more intense in the southern half of the province and in the Taiga Plains, but less important in other portions of the province. Forest insects and fungal pathogens are expected to more fully occupy the current range of their host tree species and expand ranges northward and to higher elevations along with their hosts. More frequent and detrimental pest outbreaks are expected in some regions when several years of favourable weather align. Wind damage, floods, and landslides can be expected to increase on terrain where they are already a risk factor. For many agents of tree mortality, expected changes in disturbance regime amount to an expansion or shifting of the seasonal window of activity, sometimes with different trends projected for different seasons and different regions of the province. The prediction of future forest disturbance regimes is in its infancy, requiring a much more concerted effort in compiling both empirical and simulated data, but managers may wish to adjust plans accordingly where there is largely a consensus among current and projected trends.},
  journal = {Journal of Ecosystems and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13940422,disturbance-ecology,ecoprovinces,forest-pathogens,insect-outbreaks,tree-mortality,wildfires,wind-damage},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13940422},
  number = {1}
}

@incollection{pereira-lorenzoChestnut2012,
  title = {Chestnut},
  booktitle = {Fruit {{Breeding}}},
  author = {{Pereira-Lorenzo}, Santiago and Ballester, Antonio and Corredoira, Elena and Vieitez, AnaM and Agnanostakis, Sandra and Costa, Rita and Bounous, Giancarlo and Botta, Roberto and Beccaro, GabrieleL and Kubisiak, ThomasL and Conedera, Marco and Krebs, Patrik and Yamamoto, Toshiya and Sawamura, Yutaka and Takada, Norio and {Gomes-Laranjo}, Jos{\'e} and {Ramos-Cabrer}, AnaM},
  editor = {Badenes, Marisa L. and Byrne, David H.},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {729--769},
  publisher = {{Springer US}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9\\_19},
  abstract = {The genus Castanea, chestnuts and chinkapins, belongs to the family Fagaceae, which includes other important timber producing genera such as Quercus and Fagus. The genus Castanea is divided into three geographically delimited sections with at least seven consistently recognized interfertile species: 4 species in Asia (C. mollissima, C. henryi, C. seguinii, and C. crenata), two or more species in North America (C. dentata, C. ozarkensis, and C. pumila) and one in Europe and Turkey (C. sativa). The two most important diseases of chestnut are ink disease (Phytophthora) and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria). Resistance to these is the major objective for rootstock breeding in Europe and scion breeding in North America. In both cases, the source of resistance was Asian species. European breeding programs developed resistant hybrid rootstocks, which are propagated by stooling, cuttings, or in vitro culture. A major pest of chestnut is the gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus whose control is based on the spread of parasitoids but also on the selection of resistant cultivars. For nut production, the most important breeding objectives include the following: good horticultural traits, product quality, suitability to storage and processing, and ease of peeling. For timber, important characters include wood quality, rapid growth, and nonchecking of wood (ring-shake). Molecular maps have been developed, which has expanded the genetic knowledge of the chestnut. An efficient genetic transformation protocol for C. sativa through the coculture of somatic embryos with different strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been described.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13608280,castanea-sativa,forest-resources,genetic-variability,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13608280},
  series = {Handbook of {{Plant Breeding}}}
}

@article{merianSizemediatedClimategrowthRelationships2011,
  title = {Size-Mediated Climate-Growth Relationships in Temperate Forests: A Multi-Species Analysis},
  author = {M{\'e}rian, Pierre and Lebourgeois, Fran{\c c}ois},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  volume = {261},
  pages = {1382--1391},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.019},
  abstract = {In most dendrochronological studies, climate-growth relationships are established on dominant trees to minimize non-climatic signals. However, response to environmental factors may be affected by tree-size, which begs the question of the representativeness of dominant trees on the stand level. To highlight the variations in climate-growth relationships among sizes and species, under a wide range of ecological conditions (climate and soil properties), 61 pure even-aged stands were sampled across France. At each stand, two tree-ring chronologies were established from 10 big- to 10 small-diameter trees. Our objectives were, (1) to assess variations in climate sensitivity between the two size-diameter classes, and (2) to investigate the role of species and ecological conditions on these variations. The climate-growth relationships were evaluated from 122 tree-ring chronologies (1~220 trees) through extreme growth years and correlation function analyses. Sensitivity to climate of shade-intolerant and moderately shade-tolerant species (Picea abies (L.) Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) remained constant between the size-diameter classes for both temperature and hydric balance, while the shade-tolerant species Abies alba Mill. and Fagus sylvatica L. displayed significant differences, with larger trees being more sensitive to summer drought than smaller trees. This difference increased with increasing climatic xericity. Our results suggest that, for shade-tolerant species, (1) big trees could be more sensitive to climatic change especially under xeric climate, and (2) future tree ring studies should include trees stratified by size to produce unbiased estimation of sensitivity to climate. \^a\textordmasculine{} We investigated the tree-size effect on sensitivity to climate. \^a\textordmasculine{} Study was led on a multi-species network at broad scale. \^a\textordmasculine{} Only shade-tolerant species display changes in sensitivity among size-classes. \^a\textordmasculine{} Increasing local xericity induces increasing differences in sensitivity.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-8837665,abies-alba,climate-change,drought-tolerance,droughts,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,picea-abies,pinus-sylvestris,population-growth,quercus-petraea,shade-tolerance},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-8837665},
  number = {8}
}

@incollection{klemensApophenia2011,
  title = {Apophenia},
  booktitle = {Free {{Software Directory}}},
  author = {Klemens, Ben},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  publisher = {{Free Software Foundation}},
  address = {{Boston, USA}},
  abstract = {'Apophenia' is a statistical library for C. It provides functions on the same level as those of the typical stats package (OLS, probit, singular value decomposition, \&c.) but doesn't tie the user to an ad hoc language or environment. It uses the GNU Scientific Library for number crunching and SQLite for data management, so the library itself focuses on model estimation and quickly processing data.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12643587,free-scientific-software,free-software,free-software-directory,gplv2,gplv2orlater,statistics},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12643587}
}

@article{rawatModellingStreamRunoff2011,
  title = {Modelling of Stream Run-off and Sediment Output for Erosion Hazard Assessment in {{Lesser Himalaya}}: Need for Sustainable Land Use Plan Using Remote Sensing and {{GIS}}: A Case Study},
  author = {Rawat, Pradeep K. and Tiwari, P. C. and Pant, C. C. and Sharama, A. K. and Pant, P. D.},
  year = {2011},
  month = may,
  volume = {59},
  pages = {1277--1297},
  issn = {0921-030X},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-011-9833-5},
  abstract = {Assessment and inventory on soil erosion hazard are essential for the formulation of successful hazard mitigation plans and sustainable development. The objective of this study was to assess and map soil erosion hazard in Lesser Himalaya with a case study. The Dabka watershed constitutes a part of the Kosi Basin in the Lesser Himalaya, India, in district Nainital has been selected for the case illustration. The average rate of erosion hazard is 0.68~mm/year or 224~tons/km2/year. Anthropogenic and geo-environmental factors have together significantly accelerated the rate of erosion. This reconnaissance study estimates the erosion rate over the period of 3~years (2006-2008) as 1.21~mm/year (398~tons/km2/year) in the barren land having geological background of diamictite, siltstone and shale rocks, 0.92~mm/year (302~tons/km2/year) in the agricultural land with lithology of diamictite, slates, siltstone, limestone rocks, while in the forest land, it varies between 0.20~mm/year (66~tons/km2/year) under dense forest land having the geology of quartzwacke and quartrenite rocks and 0.40~mm/year (132~tons/km2/year) under open forest/shrubs land having geological setup of shale, dolomite and gypsum rocks. Compared to the intensity of erosion in the least disturbed dense forest, the erosion rate is about 5-6 times higher in the most disturbed agricultural land and barren land, respectively. The erosion hazard zones delineated following scalogram modelling approach. Integrated scalogram modelling approach resulted in severe classes of soil erosion hazard in the study area with numerical values of Erosion Hazard Index (EHI) ranging between 01 (very low hazard) and 5 (very high hazard).},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-9314510,gis,himalayan-region,runoff,sediment-transport,soil-erosion,soil-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-9314510},
  number = {3}
}

@article{nedelchevaTraditionalUsePlants2011,
  title = {The {{Traditional Use}} of {{Plants}} for {{Handicrafts}} in {{Southeastern Europe}}},
  author = {Nedelcheva, Anely and Dogan, Yunus and {Obratov-Petkovic}, Dragica and Padure, IoanaM},
  year = {2011},
  month = dec,
  volume = {39},
  pages = {813--828},
  issn = {0300-7839},
  doi = {10.1007/s10745-011-9432-9},
  journal = {Human Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10118338,balkans,forest-resources,handicraft,wooden-artifact,woody-species},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10118338},
  number = {6}
}

@article{stenlidEmergingDiseasesEuropean2011,
  title = {Emerging Diseases in {{European}} Forest Ecosystems and Responses in Society},
  author = {Stenlid, Jan and Oliva, Jon{\`a}s and Boberg, Johanna B. and Hopkins, Anna J. M.},
  year = {2011},
  month = apr,
  volume = {2},
  pages = {486--504},
  issn = {1999-4907},
  doi = {10.3390/f2020486},
  abstract = {New diseases in forest ecosystems have been reported at an increasing rate over the last century. Some reasons for this include the increased disturbance by humans to forest ecosystems, changed climatic conditions and intensified international trade. Although many of the contributing factors to the changed disease scenarios are anthropogenic, there has been a reluctance to control them by legislation, other forms of government authority or through public involvement. Some of the primary obstacles relate to problems in communicating biological understanding of concepts to the political sphere of society. Relevant response to new disease scenarios is very often associated with a proper understanding of intraspecific variation in the challenging pathogen. Other factors could be technical, based on a lack of understanding of possible countermeasures. There are also philosophical reasons, such as the view that forests are part of the natural ecosystems and should not be managed for natural disturbances such as disease outbreaks. Finally, some of the reasons are economic or political, such as a belief in free trade or reluctance to acknowledge supranational intervention control. Our possibilities to act in response to new disease threats are critically dependent on the timing of efforts. A common recognition of the nature of the problem and adapting vocabulary that describe relevant biological entities would help to facilitate timely and adequate responses in society to emerging diseases in forests.},
  journal = {Forests},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-9105771,diseases,ecosystem,europe,forest-resources,society},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-9105771},
  number = {2}
}

@article{gashlerWafflesMachineLearning2011,
  title = {Waffles: {{A Machine Learning Toolkit}}},
  author = {Gashler, Michael},
  year = {2011},
  volume = {12},
  pages = {2383--2387},
  issn = {1533-7928},
  abstract = {We present a breadth-oriented collection of cross-platform command-line tools for researchers in machine learning called Waffles. The Waffles tools are designed to offer a broad spectrum of functionality in a manner that is friendly for scripted automation. All functionality is also available in a C++ class library. Waffles is available under the GNU Lesser General Public License.},
  journal = {Journal of Machine Learning Research},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11421898,command-line,library,machine-learning},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11421898}
}

@article{panagosEuropeanDigitalArchive2011,
  title = {European Digital Archive on Soil Maps ({{EuDASM}}): Preserving Important Soil Data for Public Free Access},
  author = {Panagos, Panos and Jones, Arwyn and Bosco, Claudio and Kumar, P. Senthil S.},
  year = {2011},
  month = jun,
  volume = {4},
  pages = {434--443},
  doi = {10.1080/17538947.2011.596580},
  abstract = {Historical soil survey paper maps are valuable resources that underpin strategies to support soil protection and promote sustainable land use practices, especially in developing countries where digital soil information is often missing. However, many of the soil maps, in particular those for developing countries, are held in traditional archives that are not easily accessible to potential users. Additionally, many of these documents are over 50 years old and are beginning to deteriorate. Realising the need to conserve this information, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the ISRIC-World Soil Information foundation have created the European Digital Archive of Soil Maps (EuDASM), through which all archived paper maps of ISRIC has been made accessible to the public through the Internet. The immediate objective is to transfer paper-based soil maps into a digital format with the maximum possible resolution and to ensure their preservation and easy disclosure. More than 6,000 maps from 135 countries have been captured and are freely available to users through a user-friendly web-based interface. Initial feedback has been very positive, especially from users in Africa, South America and Asia to whom archived soil maps were made available to local users, often for the first time. Link: http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/maps/country\_maps/list\_countries.cfm},
  journal = {International Journal of Digital Earth},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-10651197,european-commission,european-soil-data-centre,mapping,soil-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-10651197},
  number = {5}
}

@incollection{charleboisElderberryBotanyHorticulture2010,
  title = {Elderberry: {{Botany}}, {{Horticulture}}, {{Potential}}},
  booktitle = {Horticultural {{Reviews}}},
  author = {Charlebois, D. and Byers, P. L. and Finn, C. E. and Thomas, A. L.},
  editor = {Janick, J.},
  year = {2010},
  publisher = {{Wiley}},
  abstract = {INTRODUCTION The elderberry or elder (Sambucus ssp.) in production or growing wild in the northern hemisphere, may have the widest range of applications of all small fruits. Members of the genus Sambucus have a multitude of uses including: river bank stabilization and windbreaks (Paquet and Jutras 1996); wildlife food and refuge; ornamental, crafts and games; versatile human food source, and multi-purpose medicinal (Vall\`es et al. 2004). While the scientific documentation related to elderberries has increased over the last two decades, few reviews have been published. Martin and Mott (1997) reviewed the selection, cultivation, and management of American elderberry for wildlife and habitat management. More recently, the ecology of the European elderberry in the British Isles was thoroughly reviewed by Atkinson and Atkinson (2002). Finally, Charlebois (2007) reviewed the medicinal properties of elderberries, some of which were already mentioned in Dioscorides' Materia Medica written around the first century. Despite a well established commercial production in many countries of Europe and an increasing interest in North America, little attention has been paid to the horticultural aspects of this genus and its potential as a food and a medicinal crop. Recent works linking an antioxidant-rich diet to disease prevention (Prior 2003; Willcox et al. 2004; Scalbert et al. 2005; Zafra-Stone et al. 2007; Seeram 2008), along with the versatility of elderberry as a crop, a food, and a medicine, have generated a renewed interest in this genus. This paper reviews European and American elderberries.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13609098,sambucus-canadensis,sambucus-nigra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13609098},
  number = {37},
  series = {Horticultural {{Reviews}}}
}

@article{davinClimaticImpactGlobalscale2010,
  title = {Climatic Impact of Global-Scale Deforestation: Radiative versus Nonradiative Processes},
  author = {Davin, Edouard L. and {de Noblet-Ducoudr{\'e}}, Nathalie},
  year = {2010},
  month = jan,
  volume = {23},
  pages = {97--112},
  issn = {1520-0442},
  doi = {10.1175/2009jcli3102.1},
  abstract = {A fully coupled land-ocean-atmosphere GCM is used to explore the biogeophysical impact of large-scale deforestation on surface climate. By analyzing the model sensitivity to global-scale replacement of forests by grassland, it is shown that the surface albedo increase owing to deforestation has a cooling effect of -1.36 K globally. On the other hand, forest removal decreases evapotranspiration efficiency and decreases surface roughness, both leading to a global surface warming of 0.24 and 0.29 K, respectively. The net biogeophysical impact of deforestation results from the competition between these effects. Globally, the albedo effect is dominant because of its wider-scale impact, and the net biogeophysical impact of deforestation is thus a cooling of -1 K. Over land, the balance between the different processes varies with latitude. In temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere the albedo effect is stronger and deforestation thus induces a cooling. Conversely, in the tropics the net impact of deforestation is a warming, because evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness provide the dominant influence. The authors also explore the importance of the ocean coupling in shaping the climate response to deforestation. First, the temperature over ocean responds to the land cover perturbation. Second, even the temperature change over land is greatly affected by the ocean coupling. By assuming fixed oceanic conditions, the net effect of deforestation, averaged over all land areas, is a warming, whereas taking into account the coupling with the ocean leads, on the contrary, to a net land cooling. Furthermore, it is shown that the main parameter involved in the coupling with the ocean is surface albedo. Indeed, a change in albedo modifies temperature and humidity in the whole troposphere, thus enabling the initially land-confined perturbation to be transferred to the ocean. Finally, the radiative forcing framework is discussed in the context of land cover change impact on climate. The experiments herein illustrate that deforestation triggers two opposite types of forcingmechanisms-radiative forcing (owing to surface albedo change) and nonradiative forcing (owing to change in evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness)-that exhibit a similar magnitude globally. However, when applying the radiative forcing concept, nonradiative processes are ignored, which may lead to a misrepresentation of land cover change impact on climate.

[Excerpt: Conclusions]

In this study we addressed the biogeophysical impact of deforestation with a fully coupled land-ocean-atmosphere GCM. We contrasted the climate of a maximally forested earth with the climate resulting from the replacement of forest by grass. Our experimental design allows us to separate the respective roles of surface albedo, evapotranspiration efficiency, and surface roughness in shaping the net biogeophysical effect of deforestation. Whereas our main focus here was on the energy budget and surface temperature, investigations of the response of the hydrological cycle will be conducted in the future.

[\textbackslash n] Increase in surface albedo owing to complete deforestation has a cooling effect on climate (-1.36 K globally). On the other hand, forest removal decreases evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness, which warms surface climate (respectively, by 0.24 and 0.29 K globally). The magnitude of these different effects varies regionally. The cooling effect due to albedo change is stronger at high latitudes and affects both land and ocean. Conversely, the warming effect from change in evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness is stronger at low latitudes and does not affect the oceans.

[\textbackslash n] The net biogeophysical impact of deforestation results from the competition between these effects. Globally, the albedo effect is dominant and the net biogeophysical impact of deforestation is a cooling of -1 K. This is mainly because the albedo effect spreads over the ocean, whereas the other effects do not. On continents, however, the balance between the different processes changes with latitude. In temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere the albedo effect is stronger and deforestation thus induces a cooling, as has already been noticed in previous studies (e.g., Betts 2001; Bounoua et al. 2002). Conversely, in the tropics the net impact of deforestation is a warming because evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness provide the dominant influence in these regions.

[\textbackslash n] This study also highlights the importance of the coupling with the ocean. Up to now, most of our knowledge concerning the impact of land cover change on climate comes from atmospheric models not coupled to an ocean model but instead assuming fixed oceanic conditions (e.g., Dickinson and Henderson-Sellers 1988; Nobre et al. 1991; Bonan 1997; Lean and Rowntree 1997; Chase et al. 2000; Gedney and Valdes 2000; Betts 2001; Bounoua et al. 2002; DeFries et al. 2002; Voldoire 2006). Implicitly, this assumption was justified be the fact that the perturbation owing to land cover change is applied to land and not to the ocean. However, our experiments show that taking into account the coupling with the ocean greatly affect the simulated response to deforestation. First, we noted that the ocean surface responds to deforestation by a cooling. Second, even the temperature change over land is strongly affected by the ocean coupling. By not taking into account the coupling with the ocean we would have concluded that the net effect of deforestation, averaged over all land areas, is a warming. By accounting for the ocean coupling, this net effect is of opposite sign. We also further demonstrated that the main parameter involved in the coupling with the ocean is surface albedo. This is because change in albedo modifies temperature and humidity in the whole troposphere, thus enabling the initially land-confined perturbation to be transferred to the ocean.

[\textbackslash n] Finally, the results presented here give some insight concerning the nature of the forcing owing to land cover change. Supporting earlier hypothesis (Pielke et al. 2002; NRC 2005; Davin et al. 2007), we showed that deforestation involves two opposite types of forcing mechanisms: a radiative forcing (owing to surface albedo change) and a nonradiative forcing (owing to change in evapotranspiration efficiency and surface roughness). We quantified the relative importance of these opposite forcings in the context of our complete deforestation experiments and found that, globally, they are of similar magnitude. This result highlights the limitation of the classical radiative forcing framework in which equilibrium temperature change is viewed as a response to a radiative forcing perturbation. Land cover change can also affect equilibrium temperature through nonradiative processes. Historical deforestation took place mostly in temperate regions, and therefore radiative forcing was roughly acceptable in quantifying its effect. Future deforestation, however, is expected to take place in the tropics where nonradiative effects are dominant. Hence, using the radiative forcing framework in the context of future land cover change may lead to a misrepresentation of its impact on climate.},
  journal = {Journal of Climate},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6519442,~to-add-doi-URL,albedo,boreal-forests,climate,complexity,deforestation,evapotranspiration,feedback,forest-resources,global-climate-models,humidity,land-cover,large-vs-wide-scale,oceans,off-site-effects,surface-roughness,temperate-forests,temperature,trade-offs,tropical-forests,wide-scale},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-6519442},
  number = {1}
}

@article{tomerMethodsPrioritizePlacement2009,
  title = {Methods to Prioritize Placement of Riparian Buffers for Improved Water Quality},
  author = {Tomer, Mark D. and Dosskey, Michael G. and Burkart, Michael R. and James, David E. and Helmers, Matthew J. and Eisenhauer, Dean E.},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {17--25},
  issn = {1572-9680},
  doi = {10.1007/s10457-008-9134-5},
  abstract = {Agroforestry buffers in riparian zones can improve stream water quality, provided they intercept and remove contaminants from surface runoff and/or shallow groundwater. Soils, topography, surficial geology, and hydrology determine the capability of forest buffers to intercept and treat these flows. This paper describes two landscape analysis techniques for identifying and mapping locations where agroforestry buffers can effectively improve water quality. One technique employs soil survey information to rank soil map units for how effectively a buffer, when sited on them, would trap sediment from adjacent cropped fields. Results allow soil map units to be compared for relative effectiveness of buffers for improving water quality and, thereby, to prioritize locations for buffer establishment. A second technique uses topographic and streamflow information to help identify locations where buffers are most likely to intercept water moving towards streams. For example, the topographic wetness index, an indicator of potential soil saturation on given terrain, identifies where buffers can readily intercept surface runoff and/or shallow groundwater flows. Maps based on this index can be useful for site-specific buffer placement at farm and small-watershed scales. A case study utilizing this technique shows that riparian forests likely have the greatest potential to improve water quality along first-order streams, rather than larger streams. The two methods are complementary and could be combined, pending the outcome of future research. Both approaches also use data that are publicly available in the US. The information can guide projects and programs at scales ranging from farm-scale planning to regional policy implementation.},
  journal = {Agroforestry Systems},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13618239,agroforestry,flow-accumulation,forest-resources,integration-techniques,riparian-zones,sediment-transport,soil-erosion,soil-resources,spatial-prioritization,topographic-wetness-index,vegetation-buffer,water-quality,water-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13618239},
  number = {1}
}

@incollection{cencerradoSupportUrgentComputing2009,
  title = {Support for {{Urgent Computing Based}} on {{Resource Virtualization}}},
  booktitle = {Computational {{Science}} - {{ICCS}} 2009},
  author = {Cencerrado, Andr{\'e}s and Senar, Miquel and Cort{\'e}s, Ana},
  editor = {Allen, Gabrielle and Nabrzyski, Jaros{\l}aw and Seidel, Edward and {van Albada}, Geert D. and Dongarra, Jack and Sloot, Peter M. A.},
  year = {2009},
  volume = {5544},
  pages = {227--236},
  publisher = {{Springer Berlin Heidelberg}},
  address = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-01970-8\\_23},
  abstract = {Virtualization technologies provide flexible execution environments that could bring important benefits for computational problems with strong deadlines. Large Grid infrastructures are becoming available nowadays and they could be a suitable environment to run such on-demand computations that might be used in decision-making processes. For these computation, we encounter the need to deliver as much resources as possible at particular times. These resources may be provided by different institutions belonging to a grid infrastructure but there are two important issues that must be satisfied. Firstly, all resources must be correctly configured and all the components needed by the application must be properly installed. If there is something small missing that is required then applications will fail. Secondly, the execution of urgent applications must be made quickly in order to produce useful results in time. If applications must wait in a queue, results might be useless because they are obtained too late. To address these issues, we describe a job management service, based on virtualization techniques, that avoids configuration problems and increases the number of available resources to run applications with critical deadlines. We describe the main components of our service that can be used on top of common batch queue systems and we show some experimental results that prove the benefits of applying time-sharing techniques on the virtual machines to increase the performance of urgent computations.},
  isbn = {978-3-642-01969-2},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-7358874,computational-science,emergency-events,urgent-hpc},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-7358874},
  series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Computer Science}}}
}

@article{klausmeyerClimateChangeHabitat2009,
  title = {Climate Change, Habitat Loss, Protected Areas and the Climate Adaptation Potential of Species in {{Mediterranean}} Ecosystems Worldwide},
  author = {Klausmeyer, Kirk R. and Shaw, M. R.},
  year = {2009},
  month = jul,
  volume = {4},
  pages = {e6392+},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006392},
  abstract = {Mediterranean climate is found on five continents and supports five global biodiversity hotspots. Based on combined downscaled results from 23 atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) for three emissions scenarios, we determined the projected spatial shifts in the mediterranean climate extent (MCE) over the next century. Although most AOGCMs project a moderate expansion in the global MCE, regional impacts are large and uneven. The median AOGCM simulation output for the three emissions scenarios project the MCE at the end of the 21st century in Chile will range from 129-153\,\% of its current size, while in Australia, it will contract to only 77-49\,\% of its current size losing an area equivalent to over twice the size of Portugal. Only 4\,\% of the land area within the current MCE worldwide is in protected status (compared to a global average of 12\,\% for all biome types), and, depending on the emissions scenario, only 50-60\,\% of these protected areas are likely to be in the future MCE. To exacerbate the climate impact, nearly one third (29-31\,\%) of the land where the MCE is projected to remain stable has already been converted to human use, limiting the size of the potential climate refuges and diminishing the adaptation potential of native biota. High conversion and low protection in projected stable areas make Australia the highest priority region for investment in climate-adaptation strategies to reduce the threat of climate change to the rich biodiversity of the Mediterranean biome.},
  journal = {PLOS ONE},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14257874,~to-add-doi-URL,adaptation,australia,biodiversity,chile,climate-change,conservation,ecosystem,habitat-conservation,mediterranean-region,protected-areas},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14257874},
  number = {7}
}

@article{broomeEthicsClimateChange2008,
  title = {The {{Ethics}} of {{Climate Change}}},
  author = {Broome, John},
  year = {2008},
  month = jun,
  volume = {298},
  pages = {96--102},
  issn = {0036-8733},
  doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0608-96},
  abstract = {[Key concepts]

[:1] Future generations will suffer most of the harmful effects of global climate change. Yet if the world economy grows, they will be richer than we are. [:2] The present generation must decide, with the help of expert advice from economists, whether to aggressively reduce the chances of future harm or to let our richer descendants largely fend for themselves. [:3] Economists cannot avoid making ethical choices in formulating their advice. [:4] Even the small chance of utter catastrophe from global warming raises special problems for ethical discussion.},
  journal = {Scientific American},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11583523,climate-change,communicating-uncertainty,science-ethics,scientific-communication},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11583523},
  number = {6}
}

@article{cannonStormRainfallConditions2008,
  title = {Storm Rainfall Conditions for Floods and Debris Flows from Recently Burned Areas in Southwestern {{Colorado}} and Southern {{California}}},
  author = {Cannon, Susan H. and Gartner, Joseph E. and Wilson, Raymond C. and Bowers, James C. and Laber, Jayme L.},
  year = {2008},
  month = apr,
  volume = {96},
  pages = {250--269},
  issn = {0169-555X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.019},
  abstract = {Debris flows generated during rain storms on recently burned areas have destroyed lives and property throughout the Western U.S. Field evidence indicate that unlike landslide-triggered debris flows, these events have no identifiable initiation source and can occur with little or no antecedent moisture. Using rain gage and response data from five fires in Colorado and southern California, we document the rainfall conditions that have triggered post-fire debris flows and develop empirical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the occurrence of debris flows and floods following wildfires in these settings. This information can provide guidance for warning systems and planning for emergency response in similar settings. Debris flows were produced from 25 recently burned basins in Colorado in response to 13 short-duration, high-intensity convective storms. Debris flows were triggered after as little as six to 10~min of storm rainfall. About 80\,\% of the storms that generated debris flows lasted less than 3~h, with most of the rain falling in less than 1~h. The storms triggering debris flows ranged in average intensity between 1.0 and 32.0~mm/h, and had recurrence intervals of two years or less. Threshold rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows sufficiently large to pose threats to life and property from recently burned areas in south-central, and southwestern, Colorado are defined by: I~=~6.5D-~0.7 and I~=~9.5D-~0.7, respectively, where I~=~rainfall intensity (in mm/h) and D~=~duration (in hours). Debris flows were generated from 68 recently burned areas in southern California in response to long-duration frontal storms. The flows occurred after as little as two hours, and up to 16~h, of low-intensity (2-10~mm/h) rainfall. The storms lasted between 5.5 and 33~h, with average intensities between 1.3 and 20.4~mm/h, and had recurrence intervals of two years or less. Threshold rainfall conditions for life- and property-threatening floods and debris flows during the first winter season following fires in Ventura County, and in the San Bernardino, San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California are defined by I~=~12.5D-0.4, and I~=~7.2D-0.4, respectively. A threshold defined for flood and debris-flow conditions following a year of vegetative recovery and sediment removal for the San Bernardino, San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains of I~=~14.0D-0.5 is approximately 25~mm/h higher than that developed for the first year following fires. The thresholds defined here are significantly lower than most identified for unburned settings, perhaps because of the difference between extremely rapid, runoff-dominated processes acting in burned areas and longer-term, infiltration-dominated processes on unburned hillslopes.},
  journal = {Geomorphology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12117694,debris-flows,floods,precipitation,runoff,wildfires},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12117694},
  number = {3-4}
}

@article{linguaSpatialStructureAltitudinal2008,
  title = {Spatial Structure along an Altitudinal Gradient in the {{Italian}} Central {{Alps}} Suggests Competition and Facilitation among Coniferous Species},
  author = {Lingua, Emanuele and Cherubini, Paolo and Motta, Renzo and Nola, Paola},
  year = {2008},
  month = jun,
  volume = {19},
  pages = {425--436},
  issn = {1100-9233},
  doi = {10.3170/2008-8-18391},
  abstract = {Questions: What is the structure of the anthropogenic upper forest-grassland ecotone and are there differences in the spatial relationships between the tree species involved? Location: Valfurva Valley, Italian central Alps. Methods: We conducted a spatial distribution and structure analysis in three 1-ha permanent plots along an altitudinal gradient, from the treeline to the sub-alpine forest. We reconstructed the age structure from cores from each individual with diameter {$>$} 4 cm at 50 cm height. Results: All tree species and age classes examined had a clumped structure. The cluster tendency was more evident at the treeline where the environmental conditions are more severe. In the sub-alpine forest there was a repulsion between Pinus cembra and Pinus mugo but at the treeline P. cembra was frequently found downslope from P. mugo. Conclusions: Although human influence has been the main driving force in shaping the present forest structure, in the last few decades natural dynamics have become the predominant force acting on forest structure and processes, showing a higher magnitude as altitude increases. Our results emphasize the existence of facilitating and interfering mechanisms between different species. P. cembra seems to be favoured compared to the other tree species.},
  journal = {Journal of Vegetation Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12634974,forest-resources,habitat-suitability,pinus-cembra,pinus-mugo,plant-species-competition,tree-line},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12634974},
  number = {3}
}

@book{lindnerImpactsClimateChange2008,
  title = {Impacts of Climate Change on {{European}} Forests and Options for Adaptation},
  author = {Lindner, Marcus and Schopf, Axel and Kremer, Antoine and Delzon, Sylvain and Barbati, Anna and Marchetti, Marco and Corona, Piermaria and {Garcia-Gonzalo}, Jordi and Kolstr{\"o}m, Marja and Green, Tim and Reguera, Ricardo and Maroschek, Michael and Seidl, Rupert and Lexer, Manfred J. and Netherer, Sigrid},
  year = {2008},
  address = {{Brussels}},
  abstract = {[Excerpt] This study compiles and summarizes the existing knowledge about observed and projected impacts of climate change on forests in Europe and reviews options for forests and forestry to adapt to climate change. It has been commissioned by the Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development of the European Commission as an initial exploration of this complex issue. Forests are particularly sensitive to climate change, because the long life-span of trees does not allow for rapid adaptation to environmental changes. Adaptation measures for forestry need to be planned well in advance of expected changes in growing conditions because the forests regenerated today will have to cope with the future climate conditions of at least several decades, often even more than 100 years. Impacts of climate change and adaptation options were reviewed by synthesizing the existing knowledge from scientific literature, complemented with expert assessments. On-going and planned adaptation measures in EU27 Member States were surveyed with a questionnaire. The exposure to climate change was analysed by reviewing latest climate change scenario projections. The main impact factors affecting forests under climate change were reviewed. Next, the sensitivity to and potential impacts of climate change were analysed. After reviewing different components of the adaptive capacity of forests and forestry, vulnerability to climate change and related risks and opportunities were highlighted. Possible adaptation measures to respond to climate change were analysed. The results are presented for four main bioclimatic zones: Boreal, Temperate Oceanic, Temperate Continental, and the Mediterranean.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13350621,adaptation,climate-change,ecological-zones,europe,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13350621},
  series = {Report {{AGRI}}-2007-{{G4}}-06}
}

@inproceedings{galatiRivalutazioneFrassinicolturaProduzione2007,
  title = {La Rivalutazione Della Frassinicoltura per La Produzione Di Manna Come Prodotto Officinale},
  booktitle = {Colture Artificiali Di Piante Medicinali - {{Produzione}} Di Metaboliti Secondari Nelle Piante Medicinali in Coltura Artificiale},
  author = {Galati, A. and Migliore, G. and Scaffidi Saggio, C.},
  editor = {Tognoni, F. and Pardossi, A. and Mensuali Sodi, A.},
  year = {2007},
  pages = {287--297},
  publisher = {{Aracne editrice}},
  abstract = {Manna production still exists in a limited area of "Madonie" mountain, around the villages of Pollina and Castelbuono in the province of Palermo. Manna is a natural product, obtained from harvest of two different species of Ash Tree, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus angustifolia, by incision of their stems. It has been utilised for centuries for its various officinal properties. In the last decades Manna Ash Tree cultivation has been going through a deep crisis, due to a lack of generation replacement, to a supply which is inadequate to satisfy the demand of a market deeply oriented to quality production and, in the end, due to a lack of attention by public administration. Nevertheless, the cultivation of the Manna Ash Tree ought to be preserved because of its environmental significance: the activity is a barrier against territorial and landscape deterioration in the "Madonie". But putting aside this important role played by this tree in the "Madonie" environment, the importance of its product is apparent for its uses in medicinal, food and cosmetic fields. The demand of Manna for several uses in these sectors indicates potentially good perspectives for an economic revival of the cultivation. This paper aims to provide a contribution to the recognition of the role which this sector might play in the Madonie area in avoiding the loss of a unique woodland heritage as to landscape, economic and human value.},
  isbn = {978-88-548-1245-1},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13548241,fraxinus-ornus,italy,medicinal-plants,secondary-production},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13548241}
}

@article{araujoEnsembleForecastingSpecies2007,
  title = {Ensemble Forecasting of Species Distributions},
  author = {Araujo, M. and New, M.},
  year = {2007},
  month = jan,
  volume = {22},
  pages = {42--47},
  issn = {0169-5347},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.010},
  abstract = {Concern over implications of climate change for biodiversity has led to the use of bioclimatic models to forecast the range shifts of species under future climate-change scenarios. Recent studies have demonstrated that projections by alternative models can be so variable as to compromise their usefulness for guiding policy decisions. Here, we advocate the use of multiple models within an ensemble forecasting framework and describe alternative approaches to the analysis of bioclimatic ensembles, including bounding box, consensus and probabilistic techniques. We argue that, although improved accuracy can be delivered through the traditional tasks of trying to build better models with improved data, more robust forecasts can also be achieved if ensemble forecasts are produced and analysed appropriately.},
  journal = {Trends in Ecology \& Evolution},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-1030028,consensus,ensemble,modelling,robust-modelling,species-distribution,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-1030028},
  number = {1}
}

@article{parrOpenSourcingEcological2007,
  title = {Open Sourcing Ecological Data},
  author = {Parr, Cynthia S.},
  year = {2007},
  month = apr,
  volume = {57},
  pages = {309--310},
  issn = {1525-3244},
  doi = {10.1641/b570402},
  abstract = {In a thought-provoking Viewpoint, Cassey and Blackburn (2006) suggest that reproducibility should not be required of ecological studies. Thus, ecological journals should not require authors to publish data as a requirement of publication, nor should reviewers insist on it. Cassey and Blackburn make three cautionary points: First, the goal of reproducibility should not be applied piecemeal. Second, journals are not ready for custodianship of data. Third, publishing data places the intellectual rights of authors at risk under the current reward system. I will respond to each of these points, then end with another view of the future of ecological research: an open-source web of ecological data.},
  journal = {BioScience},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-1197018,~to-add-doi-URL,data-sharing,ecology,free-scientific-knowledge,knowledge-freedom,metaknowledge,open-data,open-science,scientific-knowledge-sharing},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-1197018},
  number = {4}
}

@article{tichelerGeoNetworkOpensource2007,
  title = {{{GeoNetwork}} Opensource},
  author = {Ticheler, Jeroen and Hielkema, Jelle U.},
  year = {2007},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {1--5},
  issn = {1994-1897},
  abstract = {Internationally Standardized Distributed Spatial Information Management},
  journal = {OSGeo Journal},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11877162,free-software,geonetwork,geospatial,information-systems,metadata,open-source},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11877162}
}

@article{lowExtraordinaryDrought20032006,
  title = {Extraordinary Drought of 2003 Overrules Ozone Impact on Adult Beech Trees ( {{Fagus}} Sylvatica )},
  author = {L{\"o}w, M. and Herbinger, K. and Nunn, A. J. and H{\"a}berle, K. H. and Leuchner, M. and Heerdt, C. and Werner, H. and Wipfler, P. and Pretzsch, H. and Tausz, M. and Matyssek, R.},
  year = {2006},
  month = sep,
  volume = {20},
  pages = {539--548},
  issn = {0931-1890},
  doi = {10.1007/s00468-006-0069-z},
  abstract = {The extraordinary drought during the summer of 2003 in Central Europe allowed to examine responses of adult beech trees ( Fagus sylvatica ) to co-occurring stress by soil moisture deficit and elevated O 3 levels under forest conditions in southern Germany. The study comprised tree exposure to the ambient O 3 regime at the site and to a twice-ambient O 3 regime as released into the canopy through a free-air O 3 fumigation system. Annual courses of photosynthesis ( A max ), stomatal conductance ( g s ), electron transport rate (ETR) and chlorophyll levels were compared between 2003 and 2004, the latter year representing the humid long-term climate at the site. ETR, A max and g s were lowered during 2003 by drought rather than ozone, whereas chlorophyll levels did not differ between the years. Radial stem increment was reduced in 2003 by drought but fully recovered during the subsequent, humid year. Comparison of AOT40, an O 3 exposure-based risk index of O 3 stress, and cumulative ozone uptake (COU) yielded a linear relationship throughout humid growth conditions, but a changing slope during 2003. Our findings support the hypothesis that drought protects plants from O 3 injury by stomatal closure, which restricts O 3 influx into leaves and decouples COU from high external ozone levels. High AOT40 erroneously suggested high O 3 risk under drought. Enhanced ozone levels did not aggravate drought effects in leaves and stem.},
  journal = {Trees - Structure and Function},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11379882,adaptation,climate-change,droughts,europe,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,ozone},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11379882},
  number = {5}
}

@incollection{homeierPurdiaeaNutans2005,
  title = {Purdiaea Nutans},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Homeier, J.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Purdiaea nutans ist ein langsam wachsender, immergr\"uner Baum, der besonders durch seine pr\"achtigen Bl\"uten beeindruckt. Die Art geh\"ort zur kleinen Familie der Cyrillaceae, die nur 14 Arten umfasst. Cyrillaceen kommen ausschlie\ss lich in der Neuen Welt vor, vom S\"udosten der USA \"uber Mittelamerika und die Westindischen Inseln bis in den Norden S\"udamerikas. Der Verbreitungsschwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Kuba, von wo zehn Arten der Gattung Purdiaea bekannt sind .},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745807,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,purdiaea-nutans,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745807}
}

@incollection{ruginiOliveOleaEuropaea2005,
  title = {Olive ({{Olea}} Europaea {{L}}.)},
  booktitle = {Protocol for {{Somatic Embryogenesis}} in {{Woody Plants}}},
  author = {Rugini, Eddo and Mencuccini, Massimo and Biasi, Rita and Altamura, MariaMaddalena},
  editor = {{Jain} and Gupta, PramodK},
  year = {2005},
  volume = {77},
  pages = {345--360},
  publisher = {{Springer Netherlands}},
  doi = {10.1007/1-4020-2985-3\\_27},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13594187,~to-add-doi-URL,forest-resources,genetic-resources,olea-europaea},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13594187},
  series = {Forestry {{Sciences}}}
}

@article{dorrenMechanismsEffectsManagement2005,
  title = {Mechanisms, Effects and Management Implications of Rockfall in Forests},
  author = {Dorren, Luuk K. A. and Berger, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {le Hir}, C{\'e}line and Mermin, Eric and Tardif, Pascal},
  year = {2005},
  month = aug,
  volume = {215},
  pages = {183--195},
  issn = {0378-1127},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.012},
  abstract = {At the scale of forest stands, there is a lack of quantitative, statistically valid data on the protective effect of forests against rockfall. Therefore, the first objective of this study was to quantify the velocities, rebound heights as well as the residual hazard of rockfall on a forested and a non-forested slope. The second objective was to evaluate existing rockfall protection forest management guidelines, as well as the underlying criteria. We carried out and analysed 100 real size rockfall experiments at a non-forested site (Site 1) and 102 identical experiments at a forested site (Site 2) on the same slope. We compared the obtained results with literature data on rockfall protection forests. At the non-forested site, results show that the mean maximum velocity is 15.4 m s-1 compared to 11.7 m s-1 at the forested site. The maximum rebound height decreases from 8 m (Site 1) to 2 m (Site 2) and the number of rocks that surpass the 223.5 m slope distance decreases from 95 out of 100 (Site 1) to 35 out of 102 (Site 2). A major effect of rockfall on a forested slope is the development of a treeless rockfall path or couloir, which had evolved after releasing 78 rocks at Site 2. The effect of such a couloir can be mitigated by cutting trees on both sides of the couloir and leaving the trunks on the slope, diagonally to the slope direction. This is a known and effective technique to reduce the effect of gaps in protection forests. During our experiments, none of the rocks attained their maximal velocity within the first 40 m. They did, however, attain destructive velocities (11-15 m s-1) within that distance. Based on our observations, we propose a maximum gap size in the slope direction of 1.3 times the mean tree height, with a maximum of 40 m. Further, we present various findings that have direct implications for the management of rockfall protection forests. Finally, the results proved that forests can provide effective protection against rockfall.},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13618014,abies-alba,acer-pseudoplatanus,comparison,disturbances,fagus-sylvatica,forest-resources,landslides,larix-decidua,picea-abies,quercus-robur,rockfalls},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13618014},
  number = {1-3}
}

@incollection{schuckRosaPendulina2005,
  title = {Rosa Pendulina},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Schuck, H. J.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Die in den Gebirgen Mittel- und S\"udeuropas heimische Rosa pendulina wird im Volksmund wegen der weitgehend fehlenden Bestachelung als "Rose ohne Dornen" bezeichnet. Es handelt sich um einen bis 2 m, in Kultur auch bis 3 m hoch wachsenden Strauch, der bis in die alpine H\"ohenstufe vordringt, dort aber nur ein niederliegender Zwergstrauch von 50 cm bleibt. Dieser gilt als die Rosenart, die im Gebirge am weitesten noch oben steigt. Seine wohlriechenden, rosa bis purpurfarbenen, bis 5 cm gro\ss en Bl\"uten sind recht ansehnlich. Hinsichtlich der morphologischen Merkmale gilt die Art als au\ss erordentlich variabel, was sich auch in einer Vielzahl von Variet\"aten und Formen ausdr\"uckt.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745624,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,rosa-pendulina,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745624}
}

@incollection{pardosQuercusCanariensis2005,
  title = {Quercus Canariensis},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Pardos, J. A. and Pardos, M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Quercus canariensis ist in Nord-Afrika und auf der Iberischen Halbinsel beheimatet. Sie ist feuchteliebend und ben\"otigt im gesamten Jahresverlauf milde Temperaturen. Auf zusagenden Standorten kann sie eine Baumh\"ohe von \"uber 30 m und einen Stammumfang an der Basis von 6 m erreichen.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745491,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,quercus-canariensis,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745491}
}

@incollection{xinpingDiospyrosKaki2005,
  title = {Diospyros Kaki},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Xinping, L.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2005},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Diospyros kaki ist ein kleiner bis mittelgro\ss er, sommergr\"uner Laubbaum mit auff\"allig starken \"Asten in der generativen Phase. Die dunkelgr\"unen, ovalen Bl\"atter werden im Herbst gelb bis tieforange. Die gelboder orangefarbenen Fr\"uchte verf\"ugen \"uber ein wohlschmeckendes, s\"u\ss es Fruchtfleisch. Die Kakipflaume ist in China beheimatet, wird aber von alters her nicht nur dort, sondern auch in Japan und Korea sowie seit dem 19. Jahrhundert in zahlreichen weiteren L\"andern kultiviert und in Plantagen bewirtschaftet. Die beste Fruchtqualit\"at l\"asst sich auf B\"oden carbonatischen Grundgesteins bei ausreichender Feuchtigkeit im Fr\"uhjahr sowie warmer, m\"a\ss ig trockener Witterung im Sommer und Herbst erzielen. Kakipflaumen k\"onnen in frischem oder getrocknetem Zustand verzehrt, aber auch zu anderen Nahrungs- und zu Genussmitteln weiter verarbeitet sowie medizinisch genutzt werden.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745412,diospyros-kaki,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745412}
}

@article{liEffectsMicrositeGrowth2004,
  title = {Effects of Microsite on Growth of {{Pinus}} Cembra in the Subalpine Zone of the {{Austrian Alps}}},
  author = {Li, Mai-He and Yang, Jian},
  year = {2004},
  month = jun,
  volume = {61},
  pages = {319--325},
  issn = {1286-4560},
  doi = {10.1051/forest:2004025},
  journal = {Annals of Forest Science},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13496491,alpine-region,ecology,pinus-cembra},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13496491},
  number = {4}
}

@article{araujoWouldClimateChange2004,
  title = {Would Climate Change Drive Species out of Reserves? {{An}} Assessment of Existing Reserve-Selection Methods},
  author = {Araujo, Miguel B. and Cabeza, Mar and Thuiller, Wilfried and Hannah, Lee and Williams, Paul H.},
  year = {2004},
  month = sep,
  volume = {10},
  pages = {1618--1626},
  issn = {1354-1013},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00828.x},
  abstract = {Concern for climate change has not yet been integrated in protocols for reserve selection. However if climate changes as projected, there is a possibility that current reserve-selection methods might provide solutions that are inadequate to ensure species' long-term persistence within reserves. We assessed, for the first time, the ability of existing reserve-selection methods to secure species in a climate-change context. Six methods using a different combination of criteria (representation, suitability and reserve clustering) are compared. The assessment is carried out using European distributions of 1200 plant species and considering two extreme scenarios of response to climate change: no dispersal and universal dispersal. With our data, 6-11\,\% of species modelled would be potentially lost from selected reserves in a 50-year period. Measured uncertainties varied in 6\,\% being 1-3\,\% attributed to dispersal assumptions and 2-5\,\% to the choice of reserve-selection method. Suitability approaches to reserve selection performed best, while reserve clustering performed poorly. We also found that 5\,\% of species modelled would lose their entire climatic envelope in the studied area; 2\,\% of the species modelled would have nonoverlapping distributions; 93\,\% of the species modelled would maintain varying levels of overlapping distributions. We conclude there are opportunities to minimize species' extinctions within reserves but new approaches are needed to account for impacts of climate change on species; especially for those projected to have temporally nonoverlapping distributions.},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-201812,~to-add-doi-URL,climate-change,clustering,conservation,europe,species-dispersal,species-distribution,uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-201812},
  number = {9}
}

@techreport{wolfEUFORGENTechnicalGuidelines2003,
  title = {{{EUFORGEN Technical}} Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use for Silver Fir ({{Abies}} Alba)},
  author = {Wolf, Heino},
  year = {2003},
  pages = {6},
  address = {{Rome, Italy}},
  institution = {{EUFORGEN}},
  abstract = {Since silver fir stands have been regenerated mainly naturally for a long period, there is reason to assume that they have preserved their original genetic structure and diversity, although the genetic composition of silver populations may have been modified by adaptation and/or drift processes. It is evident that in several parts of the distribution area genetic variation has been reduced due to the mentioned decline of silver fir. This reduction of population sizes may have reached a stage where the future survival of locally remnant populations is no longer guaranteed.

[] To preserve the population-specific genetic structures of silver fir, i.e. locally common alleles and the area-specific allele frequency distribution, many different populations from various distribution areas should be selected systematically for gene conservation purposes. The most effective way to conserve larger occurrences of silver fir and their genetic resources is through in situ conservation of stands and populations as well as their natural regeneration using long-term and small-scale regeneration methods. Additional activities are the promotion of silver fir individuals by tending and thinning, and the strict control of game. If planting of silver fir is required, culling for height of plants in the nursery should be avoided since genetic effects of this procedure cannot be excluded. In case of occurrences with a low number of individuals, enrichment planting in addition to the natural regeneration is recommended with plants from other, larger occurrences of the same region to avoid a higher frequency of half-sib offsprings and subsequent inbreeding in the next regeneration stage.

[] To avoid risks of interspecific geneflow, reforestation using exotic Abies species in the vicinity of silver fir stands should be strictly monitored. Only in marginal areas, with highly depleted genepools and where ecological conditions are very degraded could interspecific mating help to create new adapted genotypes. In all other cases, it should be avoided.

For small populations with a decreased number of individuals, and in addition to in situ conservation measures, the establishment of ex situ gene conservation seed orchards is highly recommended in order to overcome the isolation of individuals and to promote outcrossing. The sampling of single trees does not affect the genetic structure if a sufficient number of individuals is considered. However, sampling should be done exclusively in indigenous populations, randomly in respect to the phenotype but representatively in respect to ecological variation. Wherever possible, the genotype of the individuals sampled should be assessed and considered, e.g. using gene markers to avoid loss of genetic variation and a reduced diversity. Complementary to in situ and ex situ conservation measures, seeds of silver fir can be stored in genebanks for about 3 to 5 years provided that outcrossing has taken place among a minimum number of 20 individuals. To overcome the negative effects of isolation in silver fir relicts in the short term, the collection and storage of pollen in combination with artificial pollination of mature trees could be an efficient but expensive approach.

[] In the European Community, silver fir is under the EU Directive on the marketing of forest reproductive material. For reforestation or re-introduction of silver fir, only forest reproductive materials are to be used according to the regulations and must be suitable for the site conditions in question. In nations not under EU law, the procurement of forest reproductive material should follow the principles of approval, identification and control. In every case, however, recommendations should be developed for the proper use of forest reproductive material.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14257293,conservation,forest-resources,quercus-suber},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14257293}
}

@incollection{schuttPinusCoulteri2003,
  title = {Pinus Coulteri},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2003},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Pinus coulteri, eine dreinadelige Kiefernart aus dem s\"udlichen Kalifornien, kommt meist einzeln oder gruppenweise auf trockenen, hei\ss en Standorten in H\"ohenlagen \"uber 1000 m vor. Kennzeichnend sind u.a. die sehr langen und robusten, geh\"auft an den Triebspitzen stehenden Nadeln, vor allem aber die ungew\"ohnlich gro\ss en, 2 kg schweren, mit zugespitzten Schuppen versehenen Zapfen. P. coulteri hat keine nennenswerte wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, das leichte, sehr beulige Stammholz wird vornehmlich als Brennmaterial genutzt. Die essbaren Samen dienten den Indianern S\"udkaliforniens lange Zeit als Nahrungsmittel. Der Artname bezieht sich auf THOMAS COULTER (1793-1843), einen irischen Arzt und Botaniker, der Teile der mexikanischen und kalifornischen Flora erforschte. Coulter-Kiefern vertragen keine strenge Winterk\"alte. In mitteleurop\"aischen Sammlungen sind sie vornehmlich in gesch\"utzten Lagen und mit jungen Exemplaren vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745291,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,pinus-coulteri,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745291}
}

@incollection{puhuaQuercusMongolica2003,
  title = {Quercus Mongolica},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Puhua, H.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2003},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Quercus mongolica, eine sommergr\"une, in Europa wenig bekannte Baumart, kommt im Norden und Nordosten Chinas sowie im fern\"ostlichen Russland auf riesigen Fl\"achen nat\"urlich vor und ist dort wirtschaftlich wie \"okologisch von gro\ss er Bedeutung. Sie kann bis 30 m hoch werden, stellt geringe Bodenanspr\"uche, widersteht extremer Winterk\"alte und wird auf trockenen, exponierten Standorten von keiner anderen Baumart bedr\"angt. Haupts\"achlich wegen ihres harten und schweren, vielseitig verwendbaren Holzes wird die Art zu Aufforstungen herangezogen. Speziell zur Gewinnung der Bl\"atter, die den Raupen des Tussah- Seidenspinners als Nahrung dienen, bewirtschaftet man Q. mongolica auch im Niederwald.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745510,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,quercus-mongolica,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745510}
}

@article{oberkampfErrorUncertaintyModeling2002,
  title = {Error and Uncertainty in Modeling and Simulation},
  author = {Oberkampf, William L. and DeLand, Sharon M. and Rutherford, Brian M. and Diegert, Kathleen V. and Alvin, Kenneth F.},
  year = {2002},
  month = mar,
  volume = {75},
  pages = {333--357},
  issn = {0951-8320},
  doi = {10.1016/s0951-8320(01)00120-x},
  abstract = {This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.},
  journal = {Reliability Engineering \& System Safety},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-6210431,complexity,computational-science,modelling,software-engineering,software-errors,software-uncertainty},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-6210431},
  number = {3}
}

@incollection{schuttAbiesLasiocarpa2002,
  title = {Abies Lasiocarpa},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2002},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Abies lasiocarpa1), eine Baumart des westlichen Nordamerika, ist wegen ihrer langen, sehr schmalen, spitz zulaufenden Krone kaum zu verwechseln. Im Bestand wird sie i.A. bis 30 m, an der Baumgrenze nur 1 bis 1,2 m hoch, w\"achst aber auch dort aufrecht. Kennzeichnend sind u.a. die kurzen, in Quirlen angeordneten \"Aste, die violetten bis purpurfarbenen Bl\"uten sowie die aus bewurzelten Zweigen entstehenden Ableger. Felsengebirgstannen sind wichtige Pionierpflanzen in den Hochlagen der Cascaden und des Felsengebirges. Das wenig genutzte Holz eignet sich zur Zellstoffproduktion und wird zu Kisten, T\"uren und Fenstern verarbeitet. Au\ss erhalb ihres nat\"urlichen Areals hat man A. lasiocarpa nur selten angebaut. In mitteleurop\"aischen Sammlungen ist sie aber durchwegs vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745212,abies-lasiocarpa,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745212}
}

@article{andreevaAnalysisTrophicIndices2002,
  title = {Analysis of Trophic Indices in {{Gypsy}} Moth ({{Lymantria}} Dispar {{L}}.) Larvae from Two Geographic Populations},
  author = {Andreeva, E. M.},
  year = {2002},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {342--348},
  issn = {1608-3334},
  doi = {10.1023/a:1020269827577},
  abstract = {Specific features of larval feeding in two geographic populations of the gypsy moth are considered. It is shown that in larvae reared on an artificial diet, trophic indices depend on several factors, including the age and sex of larvae and the food plant on which the parental generation developed in nature. It is shown that larval micropopulations belonging to the same geographic population but feeding in nature on different plant species differ from each other to a greater extent than those of different geographic populations feeding on the same species.},
  journal = {Russian Journal of Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13779110,~to-add-doi-URL,betula-alba,betula-pendula,forest-pests,forest-resources,lymantria-dispar,quercus-robur,russia,salix-babylonica,salix-caprea},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13779110},
  number = {5}
}

@incollection{zonaRoystoneaRegia2001,
  title = {Roystonea Regia},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Zona, S.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Die K\"onigspalme ist ein raschw\"uchsiger, in der Karibik beheimateter Baum, der in der Regel H\"ohen um 20 m erreichen kann und auf Grund seines \"asthetisch sehr ansprechenden Erscheinungsbildes in vielen tropischen L\"andern f\"ur ornamentale Zwecke angebaut wird. Die Anzucht auf generativem Wege bereitet keine Schwierigkeiten, und Kultivierungsma\ss nahmen werden vielfach mit adulten Pflanzen durchgef\"uhrt. Als bedeutsamer Bestandteil des \"Okosystems bietet die K\"onigspalme vielen Tieren Nahrung sowie Wohn- und Nistm\"oglichkeiten. Der Gattungsname Roystonea bezieht sich auf General Roy Stone (1836-1905), der als Ingenieur bei der amerikanischen Flotte auf Puerto Rico stationiert war.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745810,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,roystonea-regia,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745810}
}

@incollection{piottoRipresaVegetazioneDopo2001,
  title = {La Ripresa Della Vegetazione Dopo Gli Incendi Nella Regione Mediterranea},
  booktitle = {Propagazione per Seme Di Alberi e Arbusti Della Flora Mediterranea},
  author = {Piotto, Beti and Piccini, Claudio and Arcadu, Paolo},
  editor = {Piotto, Beti and Di Noi, Anna},
  year = {2001},
  pages = {31--38},
  publisher = {{Agenzia Nazionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente, Dipartimento Prevenzione e Risanamento Ambientali}},
  address = {{Roma}},
  abstract = {In Italia vaste aree del territorio sono mi- nacciate da processi di inaridimento dei suoli per cause di origine naturali ed antropiche. In particolare, il degrado del suolo si manifesta con maggiore gravit\`a nelle aree mediterranee meridionali a causa delle spe- cifiche caratteristiche climatiche e geomor- fologiche che, sommate ad un uso non sempre cor retto del territorio, determinano un'elevata vulnerabilit\`a. Fenomeni erosivi, dissesti idrogeologici, impermeabilizzazione, salinizzazione, in- quinamento da metalli pesanti sono alcune delle cause di una sensibile diminuzione di produttivit\`a dei terreni. All'urbanizzazione di nuove aree ha spesso corrisposto l'abbandono dei centri antichi e la scomparsa di presidi territoriali capaci di una corretta gestione dell'ambiente naturale. Si \`e determinato cos\`i un processo di desertificazione fisico e sociale: al degrado del patrimonio storico, architettonico e naturale corrisponde spesso anche il depauperamento delle risorse umane . Alcune parziali ma significative risposte per la lotta alla siccit\`a e alla desertificazio- ne da parte dell'Italia, sia a livello nazionale che internazionale, sono riscontrabili non solo nel Programma Nazionale per la Lotta alla Siccit\`a e alla Desertificazione, ma anche nell'avvio di una nuova strategia della cooperazione, nella promozione di nuove norme sulla difesa del suolo e, per quanto riguarda le regioni italiane interes- sate, nel Decreto Legislativo n.152/99 sulle acque. La distruzione della copertura vegetale, spesso dovuta agli incendi frequenti soprattutto nelle regioni meridionali, \`e certamente una delle cause principali della degrada- zione del suolo; il fenomeno \`e particolar- mente dannoso quando avviene nelle aree mediterranee dove la qualit\`a del terreno \`e fortemente condizionata dalla vegetazione che supporta. Nel Programma Nazionale per la Lotta alla Siccit\`a e alla Desertificazione, approvato con delibera del CIPE del 21 dicembre 1999, tra le misure da adottare per la protezione del suolo figurano la gestione sostenibile e l'ampliamento del patrimonio forestale nonch\'e lo sviluppo della produzione vivaistica per la diffusione delle specie mediterranee. Il manuale ANPA 'Propagazione per seme di alberi e arbusti della flora mediterranea', del Dipartimento Prevenzione e Risanamento Ambientali, costituisce perci\`o un contributo mirato, opportuno e apprezzato in questo campo.},
  isbn = {88-448-0271-6},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13796198,forest-resources,mediterranean-region,post-fire-vegetation-dynamics},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13796198}
}

@book{bertinoIntelligentDatabaseSystems2001,
  title = {Intelligent Database Systems},
  author = {Bertino, Elisa and Catania, Barbara and Zarri, Gian P.},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {{ACM Press ; Addison-Wesley}},
  abstract = {This book provides a state of the art guide to the new developments in expert database systems, from the unique perspective of both the database and AI areas. It gives complete and detailed coverage of the latest research and practice, including all the need-to-know technical and theoretical approaches in the area.},
  isbn = {978-0-201-87736-6},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-11420982,automatic-knowledge-generation,automatic-knowledge-mapping,metadata,ontologies},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-11420982}
}

@incollection{weisgerberArganiaSpinosa2001,
  title = {Argania Spinosa},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Weisgerber, H. and Weisgerber, E.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2001},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Argania spinosa ist ein nur in Marokko nat\"urlich vorkommender Laubbaum mit gedrungenem Schaft und weit ausladender Krone. Als Kulturpflanze wegen ihrer \"olhaltigen Fr\"uchte von alters her hoch gesch\"atzt, wird die Art insbesondere im S\"udwesten des Landes in gro\ss en, das Landschaftsbild pr\"agenden Plantagen angebaut. Der Arganbaum toleriert semiaride und aride Klimabedingungen; er erweist sich auch hinsichtlich der Bodenanspr\"uche als sehr gen\"ugsam und verhindert Erosion und Desertifikation. Die nat\"urliche Verj\"ungung kann auf generativem wie auf vegetativem Wege erfolgen. Plantagen werden \"uberwiegend durch Stockausschl\"age verj\"ungt. Neben dem aus Samen gewonnenen, vielf\"altig verwendbaren \"Ol dienen die als Viehfutter verwendeten proteinreichen Bl\"atter und die R\"uckst\"ande der Fr\"uchte vielen Menschen als Existenzgrundlage. Demgegen\"uber spielt die Nutzung des Holzes eine weitaus geringere Rolle. Seit einigen Jahren sind die Vorkommen von A. spinosa durch anthropogene Einwirkungen zunehmend gef\"ahrdet. Erhaltungsma\ss nahmen erscheinen daher dringlich.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745676,argania-spinosa,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745676}
}

@inproceedings{weissTopographicPositionLandforms2001,
  title = {Topographic Position and Landforms Analysis},
  booktitle = {{{ESRI International User Conference}}},
  author = {Weiss, Andrew D.},
  year = {2001},
  abstract = {[Excerpt: Introduction]

Many physical and biological processes acting on the landscape are highly correlated with topographic position: a hilltop, valley bottom, exposed ridge, flat plain, upper or lower slope, and so on. Examples of these processes include soil erosion and deposition; hydrological balance and response; wind exposure; and cold air drainage. These biophysical attributes in turn are key predictors of habitat suitability, community composition, and species distribution and abundance. This poster presents an algorithm, implemented in GRID, for generating a multi-scale Topographic Position Index, classifying this index into slope position and landform types, and using the Topographic Position Index to characterize watersheds. This work was done as a contractor with U.S. EPA Region 10, working on the Environmental Monitoring and Asssessment Program Western Landscape Project (Jones et al 2000).

[] [...] [Basic Algorithm] The Topographic Position Index (TPI) compares the elevation of each cell in a DEM to the mean elevation of a specified neighborhood around that cell (Fig. 2a). In this example an annulus neighborhood is used, but continuous circles or other shapes could be used. Since the only input required is a digital elevation model, TPI can be readily generated almost anywhere. Positive TPI values represent locations that are higher than the average of their surroundings, as defined by the neighborhood (ridges). Negative TPI values represent locations that are lower than their surroundings (valleys). TPI values near zero are either flat areas (where the slope is near zero) or areas of constant slope (where the slope of the point is significantly greater than zero). Topographic position is an inherently scale-dependent phenomenon. As an example, consider a location in a meadow in Yosemite valley. At a fine scale of 100m, the topographic position would be a flat plain. This may be an appropriate scale for looking at soil transport or site water balance. At a scale of several kilometers, this same point is at the bottom of a 1500m deep canyon, which may be more significant for overall hydrology, mesoclimate, wind exposure, or cold air drainage. The ecological characteristics of a site may be affected by TPI at several scales. In a study of vegetation distributions in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada (Guisan, Weiss, and Weiss 1999) species distribution models show significant relationships to TPI at scales of 300m, 1000m, and 2000m. TPI was generally second most important predictive variable after elevation.

[] [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13930813,classification,data-transformation-modelling,geospatial,landform,landscape-modelling,topographic-position-index},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13930813}
}

@incollection{puhuaJuniperusRigida2000,
  title = {Juniperus Rigida},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Puhua, H. and Lihuan, Z.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Juniperus rigida, in Mitteleuropa gelegentlich als harmonisch aufgebautes, dicht beastetes Ziergeh\"olz kultiviert, geh\"ort in seiner chinesischen Heimat zu den besonders anspruchslosen, d\"urre- und k\"alteresistenten Holzgew\"achsen. Die Art hat keinerlei wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Wegen ihrer intensiven Bewurzelung verhindert sie aber auf steilen, felsigen Trockenh\"angen die Erosion. Von dem recht \"ahnlichen J. communis unterscheidet sich J. rigida haupts\"achlich durch die lang herabh\"angenden Zweige.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745258,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,juniperus-rigida,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745258}
}

@article{riittersGlobalScalePatternsForest2000,
  title = {Global-{{Scale Patterns}} of {{Forest Fragmentation}}},
  author = {Riitters, Kurt H. and Wickham, James D. and O'Neill, Robert and Jones, Bruce and Smith, Elizabeth},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {4},
  pages = {3+},
  issn = {1195-5449},
  abstract = {We report an analysis of forest fragmentation based on 1-km resolution land-cover maps for the globe. Measurements in analysis windows from 81 km2 (9\texttimes 9 pixels, "small" scale) to 59,049 km2 (243\texttimes 243 pixels, "large" scale) were used to characterize the fragmentation around each forested pixel. We identified six categories of fragmentation (interior, perforated, edge, transitional, patch, and undetermined) from the amount of forest and its occurrence as adjacent forest pixels. Interior forest exists only at relatively small scales; at larger scales, forests are dominated by edge and patch conditions. At the smallest scale, there were significant differences in fragmentation among continents; within continents, there were significant differences among individual forest types. Tropical rain forest fragmentation was most severe in North America and least severe in Europe-Asia. Forest types with a high percentage of perforated conditions were mainly in North America (five types) and Europe-Asia (four types), in both temperate and subtropical regions. Transitional and patch conditions were most common in 11 forest types, of which only a few would be considered as "naturally patchy" (e.g., dry woodland). The five forest types with the highest percentage of interior conditions were in North America; in decreasing order, they were cool rain forest, coniferous, conifer boreal, cool mixed, and cool broadleaf.},
  journal = {Conservation Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13491460,forest-resources,fragmentation,global-scale,spatial-pattern},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13491460},
  number = {2}
}

@article{alcantaraFactorsShapingSeedfall2000,
  title = {Factors {{Shaping}} the {{Seedfall Pattern}} of a {{Bird}}-{{Dispersed Plant}}},
  author = {Alcantara, Julio M. and Rey, Pedro J. and Valera, Francisco and {Sanchez-Lafuente}, Alfonso M.},
  year = {2000},
  volume = {81},
  pages = {1937--1950},
  abstract = {The spatial distribution of seeds can influence several parameters of the natural regeneration of plant populations. Factors shaping seedfall patterns have been typically explored from the tree perspective (seed shadow) or from the population perspective (seed rain). However, the seed rain is actually composed of multiple seed shadows. In this paper, we use this framework to explore the variables shaping the seedfall pattern of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), a fleshy-fruited tree of the Mediterranean scrublands. We monitored the movement patterns of avian seed dispersers and the seedfall around each fruit-bearing O. europaea tree in two contrasting sites, differing in the degree of human management and abundance of scrub cover. None of the seed dispersers moved between microhabitats (different shrub species and open interspaces) as a function of microhabitat relative abundance. All dispersers foraged preferentially at O. europaea; only the smaller species visited open interspaces, and these only sporadically. Avoidance of open sites by frugivores, especially larger species, and their attraction to source trees were the major determinants of the seedfall pattern. Regarding seed size distribution among microhabitats, we found that only small seeds were significantly overrepresented in open interspaces. From the seed shadow perspective, seed density under trees was similar in the two study sites, but it decreased with distance at a higher rate in the disturbed scrubland. From the seed rain perspective, seed density was significantly different among microhabitats, with open interspaces collecting few, if any, seeds, and places under source trees receiving the highest densities. Results from seed shadow and seed rain analyses were integrated to construct a path model to explore the relative contribution of spatial, microhabitat, and individual tree features to the seedfall pattern. Factors related to microhabitat were identified as having a major role in shaping seedfall pattern. Open interspaces collected few seeds, points under shrub species with sparse foliage collected moderate seed densities, and points under shrubs with dense foliage collected the highest seed densities. The comparison between sites suggests that habitat alteration (a reduction of the scrub layer) can lead to contrasting seedfall patterns. The occurrence of an abundant scrub layer in the well-preserved scrubland allowed a complex pattern of seed rain. In contrast, the sparse scrub cover in the disturbed scrubland yielded a seedfall pattern composed of multiple seed shadows constrained to the vicinity of tree crowns. Thus, our sampling design and analytical approach have proved useful in describing the relative importance of the set of variables that shapes the complex seedfall pattern of a bird-dispersed plant. This seedfall pattern, in turn, is central to the understanding of the spatial patterns of plant recruitment and the efficiency of the dispersal mutualism.},
  journal = {Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13593951,bird-dispersal,forest-resources,seed-dispersal,tree-ecology},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13593951},
  number = {7}
}

@incollection{schuckEricaTetralix1999,
  title = {Erica Tetralix},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Schuck, H. J.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1999},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Erica tetralix, ein 15 bis 50 cm hoher, immergr\"uner Zwergstrauch, w\"achst nat\"urlich auf feuchten, k\"ustennahen Heiden und Mooren, dringt aber auch h\"aufig ins Binnenland vor. Wegen ihrer attraktiven rosa bis roten Bl\"utenfarbe und der lang andauernden Bl\"utezeit ist die Art seit langem in vielen Variationen in Kultur. Durch Entw\"asserungsma\ss nahmen in Hochmooren ist sie derart im R\"uckgang begriffen, dass sie bei uns als schutzbed\"urftig eingestuft wird. Wegen ihres Gerbstoffgehaltes gilt sie als schwach giftig. Ihr H\"ochstalter wird mit ca. 20 Jahren angegeben. St\"ammchen von 5,5 mm Durchmesser z\"ahlten 19 Jahrringe.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745582,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,erica-tetralix,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745582}
}

@article{peiHostpathogenRelationshipSalix1999,
  title = {Host-Pathogen Relationship between {{Salix}} and {{Melampsora}} Sheds Light on the Parentage of Some Biomass Willows},
  author = {Pei, M. H. and Hunter, T. and Royle, D. J.},
  year = {1999},
  month = jan,
  volume = {141},
  pages = {155--160},
  issn = {0028-646X},
  doi = {10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00318.x},
  abstract = {The association between willow (Salix) and rust (Melampsora) is highly specific. Willows named Salix burjatica, S. dasyclados (S.\texttimes dasyclados) and S.\texttimes calodendron are important in renewable-energy plantations in the UK and western Europe. There has been much controversy over their origin, species status and nomenclature. It has been suggested that they have originated from hybridization between. S. caprea, S. viminalis and S. cinerea. In the present work, 59 willow clones were investigated through morphological examination and detached leaf inoculation using willow differentials, for their association, in southwest England, with M. capraearum and three pathotypes of Melampsora epitea (Me-A, B and C). M. capraearum was found on all clones of S. caprea and its hybrids with S. aurita; Me-A on all S. viminalis clones; Me-B on wild S. cinerea, S.\texttimes calodendron, S.\texttimes dasyclados'De Biardii 445' and S. 'Spaethii'; Me-C on all S. burjatica clones and most S.\texttimes dasyclados clones. Both M. caprearum and Me-A infected all S.\texttimes sericans (S. caprea\texttimes viminalis) clones and S.\texttimes dasyclados'LA041/03'. We suggest that S.\texttimes dasyclados'LA041/03' should be treated as S.\texttimes sericans (S. caprea\texttimes S. viminalis); S. burjatica, S. dasyclados and S.\texttimes dasyclados as synonyms; S.\texttimes dasyclados'De Biardii 445' as S.\texttimes calodendron'De Biardii 445'; and S. 'Spaethii' as S.\texttimes calodendron'Spaethii'.},
  journal = {New Phytologist},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13509388,biomass-to-energy,forest-pests,fungal-diseases,melampsora,salix-spp},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13509388},
  number = {1}
}

@article{fornariAllozymeAnalysisGenetic1999,
  title = {Allozyme Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation in {{European}} and {{Asiatic}} Walnut ({{Juglans}} Regia {{L}}.) Populations},
  author = {Fornari, B. and Cannata, F. and Spadad, M. and Malvolti, M. E.},
  year = {1999},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {115--127},
  abstract = {Genetic structure of 12 anthropised European and 3 natural and naturalised Asiatic populations of walnut (Juglans regia L.) was investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis for 15 enzyme systems. Population genetic parameters and statistics show overall levels of genetic diversity and differentiation lower in Juglans regia than in other widespread plant species, outlining a significant amount of genetic erosion suffered by this species, mainly in Europe. The levels of differentiation among European and Asiatic populations, higher than those among European populations, support the thesis of a native origin of European walnut in postglacial times. The closeness to the HW equilibrium and the high levels of heterozygosity and intrapopulation differentiation, found in all the populations, show the capability of the species to avoid self-pollination and inbreeding. The occurrence of some different alleles among European and Asiatic populations provides an interesting item for programs of recovering and conservation of the genetic variability in this endangered widespread species.},
  journal = {Forest Genetics},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13576844,conservation,genetic-differentiation,genetic-diversity,isozymes,juglans-regia,widespread-plant-species},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13576844},
  number = {2}
}

@incollection{hongPinusTabulaeformis1998,
  title = {Pinus Tabulaeformis},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Hong, P.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Pinus tabulaeformis geh\"ort zu den wirtschaftlich wichtigsten Baumarten Chinas und ihr Holz wird f\"ur viele industrielle und handwerkliche Zwecke genutzt. Das gro\ss e, klimatisch und edaphisch recht heterogene nat\"urliche Areal l\"oste die Entwicklung von Klimarassen aus, was Konsequenzen bei der forstlichen Saatgutversorgung erforderlich machte. Die bis zu 45 m hohen, tiefwurzelnden B\"aume k\"onnen 300 Jahre alt werden. Sie sind d\"urre- und frosthart und werden durch Krankheiten nicht ernsthaft gef\"ahrdet. Forstliche Versuchsanbauten waren au\ss erhalb Chinas selten und verliefen ohne Erfolg. Auch in dendrologischen Sammlungen Mitteleuropas ist die Art nur sp\"arlich vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745320,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,pinus-tabulaeformis,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745320}
}

@incollection{weiseAssessingLiveFuel1998,
  title = {Assessing Live Fuel Moisture for Fire Management Applications},
  booktitle = {Fire in Ecosystem Management: Shifting the Paradigm from Suppression to Prescription},
  author = {Weise, David R. and Hartford, Roberta A. and Mahaffey, Larry},
  editor = {Pruden, Teresa L. and Brennan, Leonard A.},
  year = {1998},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {49--55},
  publisher = {{Tall Timbers Research Station}},
  address = {{Tallahassee, Florida}},
  abstract = {The variation associated with sampling live fuel moisture was examined for several shrub and canopy fuels in southern California, Arizona, and Colorado. Ninety-five \% confidence intervals ranged from 5 to \% . Estimated sample sizes varied greatly. The value of knowing the live fuel moisture content in fire decision making is unknown. If the fuel moisture is highly variable, then it is possible for the confidence intervals to span one or more fire behavior or danger classes. Errors in live fuel moisture data may directly affect the costs in safety and resources associated with prescribed fire and wildfire suppression.

[Excerpt: Fire management implications]

As pointed out in the Live Fuel Moisture Task Force Report (Cohen et al. 1995), live fuel moisture information is currently best used in strategic decisions instead of tactical decisions because of the current limitations in our understanding of live fuels and fire behavior. Since the 1940's,live fuel moisture information has been used in fire danger calculations, a strategic level use of the data. In the first version of the National Fire-Danger Rating System (NFDRS), live fuel moisture was sampled along transects at each fire danger station. This approach was replaced by live fuel moisture models for herbaceous and shrub fuels in the 1978 NFDRS (Bradshaw et al. 1983). The 1978 NFDRS live fuel moisture model transfers herbaceous fuels into the 1-hour timelag fuel class; however, live woody fuels are not transferred into the corresponding dead fuel classes. Live fuels can still contribute heat to the combustion process (Richards 1940, Bradshaw et al. 1983).

[] Some users of live fuel moisture information have used the data to develop general guidelines related to fire behavior and danger (Cohen et al. 1995). Monitoring live fuel moisture data over several years has enabled others to use the data to estimate what the current fire danger is relative to previous years' fire danger. By developing an '' average'' annual live fuel moisture profile, a fire management agency can make these fire danger assessments. [...] However, error associated with live fuel moisture samples should be considered when using live fuel moisture data in this fashion.

[] Consider the following example. The confidence intervals for chamise at Boquet Canyon 1 were roughly {$\pm$}40\,\% and at San Marcos were roughly {$\pm$}10\,\%. 

[] Assume guidelines such as: [::1)] live fuel moisture {$>$} 120\,\%-low fire danger; [::2)] 80\,\% {$<$} live fuel moisture {$<$} 120\,\%-moderate fire danger; [::3)] 60\,\% {$<$} live fuel moisture 80\,\%-high fire danger; and [::4)] live fuel moisture {$<$} 60\,\%-extreme fire danger; [] have been developed.

[] If live fuel moisture is estimated to be 90\,\%, fire danger would be rated anywhere from low to extreme at Boquet and moderate at San Marcos because of the width of the confidence intervals. This may have serious implications for fire management applications. [...]

[Summary] The variation associated with sampling live fuel moisture was examined for several shrub and canopy fuels in southern California, Arizona, and Colorado. Ninety-five \% confidence intervals ranged from {$\pm$}5\,\% to {$\pm$} 100\,\%. Estimated sample sizes also varied greatly. At allowable error of 5\,\%, maximum mean estimated sample size was as high as 630. Increasing allowable error to 25\,\% reduced estimated sample sizes to less than 30.

[] The value of live fuel moisture in fire decision making is unknown. If the fuel moisture is highly variable, then it is possible for the confidence intervals to span one or more fire behavior or dangers classes. Errors in live fuel moisture data may directly affect the costs in safety and resources associated with prescribed fire and wildfire suppression. If live fuel moisture content is to be sampled to provide information for fire management decisions, care should be taken to collect an adequate sample to insure that the precision of the estimate is within acceptable bounds. [...]},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14148981,arizona,california,classification,colorado,field-measurements,fire-fuel,forest-resources,live-fuel-moisture-content,management,shrubs,united-states},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14148981},
  series = {Tall {{Timbers Fire Ecology Conference Proceedings}}}
}

@incollection{schuttSabalPalmetto1998,
  title = {Sabal Palmetto},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Sabal palmetto, "State tree" von Florida, ist die am weitesten nach Norden vordringende Palmenart der Neuen Welt. Sie kommt als kleiner bis mittelgro\ss er Baum in Florida sowie an der K\"uste Georgias, South- und North- Carolinas nat\"urlich vor. Die standorttolerante Art ist keineswegs selten und geh\"ort u.a. zum Waldbild k\"ustennaher Koniferen-Best\"ande. Sie hat gro\ss e, f\"acherf\"ormige Bl\"atter und f\"allt durch die zun\"achst am Stamm verbleibenden Basen der Blattstiele auf. Der Trivialname "cabbage palmetto" bezieht sich auf die als Gem\"use oder Salat zubereiteten, fr\"uher h\"aufiger verzehrten Vegetationskegel. Nutzbar sind au\ss erdem die Fasern der Blattbasen (f\"ur B\"ursten). Wesentlich gr\"o\ss er ist jedoch die Bedeutung der Art als Ziergeh\"olz, Stra\ss enbaum und Element der Landschaftsgestaltung. Geringe Winterfr\"oste sind f\"ur Sabal palmetto nicht gef\"ahrlich.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745524,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,sabal-palmetto,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745524}
}

@incollection{roloffFraxinusExcelsior1997,
  title = {Fraxinus Excelsior},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Roloff, A. and Pietzarka, U.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1997},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Bei Fraxinus excelsior handelt es sich um eine wuchskr\"aftige, mitteleurop\"aische Baumart mit gro\ss er Amplitude hinsichtlich des Wasserhaushaltes: sie besiedelt sowohl Standorte mit zeitweiligem Trockenstress (z.B. flachgr\"undige Kuppen) als auch Auenstandorte und kann sich fast nur in diesen Extrembereichen gegen konkurrenzst\"arkere Schattenbaumarten, insbesondere die Buche, behaupten. In ihrem Optimalbereich wird sie von letzterer verdr\"angt. Trotz des damit verbundenen, eher inselartigen Vorkommens ist eine genetische Differenzierung in sogenannte Standortsrassen bisher nicht nachgewiesen, sondern sogar widerlegt. Die Esche ver\"andert im Laufe ihres Lebens ihre Lichtanspr\"uche sehr grundlegend: in der Jugend sehr schattentolerant, ben\"otigt sie mit zunehmendem Alter immer mehr Licht und schlie\ss lich eine vollkommen freie Krone f\"ur zufriedenstellendes Wachstum, d.h., sie wird von einer schattentoleranten zu einer lichtbed\"urftigen Baumart. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Holzqualit\"at geh\"ort F. excelsior zu den sogenannten Edellaubh\"olzern. Die holztechnischen Eigenschaften sind im Reinbestand besonders g\"unstig, so dass man das Aufwachsen in Gruppen anstrebt. Gr\"o\ss ere Eschen-Reinbest\"ande sind hingegen waldbaulich unerw\"unscht, vor allem wegen der dann einsetzenden Vergrasung.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745424,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,fraxinus-excelsior,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745424}
}

@incollection{bussottiQuercusCerris1997,
  title = {Quercus Cerris},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Bussotti, F.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1997},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Quercus cerris ist ein hoher, im S\"uden und S\"udosten Europas heimischer, sommergr\"uner Waldbaum, der im H\"ugelland S\"uditaliens besonders h\"aufig vorkommt, gelegentlich aber auch im Gebirge und an mediterranen K\"usten w\"achst. Zerreichen k\"onnen als Niederwald bewirtschaftet werden und erreichen dann eine hohe Produktivit\"at. Zumeist wachsen sie in Hochw\"aldern, haben dann aber ein Holz mit nur m\"a\ss igen technologischen Eigenschaften. Periodisch leidet die Art unter dem Angriff blattfressender Insekten, welche in Abst\"anden von 10 bis 15 Jahren in erheblichem Umfang sch\"adlich werden. Neuerdings tritt in S\"uditalien eine Komplexkrankheit auf, die wahrscheinlich auf das Zusammenwirken von Wassermangel und Schw\"acheparasiten zur\"uckgeht.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745492,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,quercus-cerris,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745492}
}

@article{guarisoIntegratedSimulationOptimization1996,
  title = {An Integrated Simulation and Optimization Modelling Environment for Decision Support},
  author = {Guariso, Giorgio and Hitz, Martin and Werthner, Hannes},
  year = {1996},
  month = feb,
  volume = {16},
  pages = {103--117},
  issn = {0167-9236},
  doi = {10.1016/0167-9236(94)00058-1},
  abstract = {A general framework and a specific implementation of a software environment for model prototyping, simulation and optimization are presented. The integration of simulation and optimization, and the possibility of comparing experimental results under complete user control represent the central parts of the proposed approach. Optimization is performed by repetitive simulation runs under the control of an optimization method. The integration of simulation and optimization as well as the post processing facilities offer an effective support to the classical phases of the decision process: intelligence, design, and choice. The software is based on an object-oriented structure and encourages the user to develop his own hierarchy of model classes and experiments.},
  journal = {Decision Support Systems},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13362012,decision-making,environmental-modelling,integration-techniques,optimisation},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13362012},
  number = {2}
}

@inproceedings{rytterPotentialGreyAlder1995,
  title = {The Potential of Grey Alder Plantation Forestry},
  booktitle = {Short {{Rotation Willow Coppice}} for {{Renewable Energy}} and {{Improved Environment}}: {{Proceedings}} of a Joint {{Swedish}} - {{Estonian}} Seminar on {{Energy Forestry}} and {{Vegetation Filters}} Held in {{Tartu}} 24-26 {{September}} 1995},
  author = {Rytter, L.},
  editor = {Perttu, K. and Koppel, A.},
  year = {1995},
  pages = {89--94},
  abstract = {A survey concerning the potential use of grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench.) in short rotation forestry is performed. The most important characters in this context are discussed. It is concluded that grey alder is an interesting contributor in plantation forestry, because it has a high woody biomass production, is more or less self-supporting with nitrogen, and is well adjusted to the conditions in Fennoscandia and Balticum.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13621211,alnus-incana,biomass-production,nitrogen-fixation,regeneration,wood-properties},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13621211}
}

@incollection{schuttTecomaStans1995,
  title = {Tecoma Stans},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1995},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Dieser immergr\"une, in den Neotropen weitverbreitete kleine Baum (oder gro\ss e Strauch) wird in tropischen und subtropischen L\"andern wegen seiner leuchtend gelben, glockenf\"ormigen Bl\"uten gern als Zierelement angebaut. H\"aufig ist er aus der Kultur verwildert. Er bl\"uht und fruktifiziert fast das ganze Jahr \"uber, ist relativ anspruchslos und wird - als Folge seiner weiten geographischen Verbreitung - in mehrere Variet\"aten unterteilt. F\"ur die amerikanischen Virgin Islands stellt er die "State flower" dar. Bei den lokalen Indianerst\"ammen hatte er einst eine gewisse volksmedizinische Bedeutung.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745830,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,species-description,tecoma-stans},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745830}
}

@book{gilmanFactSheetST5551994,
  title = {Fact {{Sheet ST}}-555: {{Quercus}} Palustris - {{Pin Oak}}},
  author = {Gilman, E. F. and Watson, D. G.},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {{Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida}},
  abstract = {Pin Oak is one of the most utilized (perhaps overused) Oaks in the midwest and eastern United States (Fig. 1). Popular due to the attractive pyramidal shape and straight, dominant trunk, even on older specimens, it exhibits chlorosis on high pH and limestone soils because of iron-deficiency and so is not highly recommended for these sites. Green, glossy leaves borne on relatively small-diameter branches give way to brilliant red to bronze fall color attracting attention in the landscape. Some brown leaves persist on the tree into the winter providing interest to some people. Others do not care to use Pin Oak because of the leaf persistence characteristic.},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13603989,forest-resources,quercus-palustris},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13603989}
}

@incollection{schuttEuonymus1994,
  title = {Euonymus},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Sch{\"u}tt, P. and Lang, U. M.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Nach neuerer Auffassung besteht die Gattung Euonymus aus etwa 190 teils sommer-, teils immergr\"unen Arten. Ihr Mannigfaltigkeitszentrum liegt im ostasiatischen Raum, u.a. im Himalaya. Euonymus-Arten sind au\ss erdem in Europa, Nord- und Mittelamerika, in Vorderasien und in Australien vertreten. Die Gattung wird - gemeinsam mit den eng verwandten Gattungen Microtropis WALL. und Glyptopetalum THWAITES der Unterfamilie Celastroideae, Tribus Euonymeae zugeordnet. Sie unterteilt sich in zwei Subgenera (Euonymus und Kalonymus), welche sich wiederum in mehrere Sektionen und Reihen aufgliedern lassen. Die folgenden Merkmale gelten als gattungsspezifisch: Meist aufrechte, in einigen F\"allen auch niederliegende und sehr selten kletternde Str\"aucher, oft mit vierkantigen Zweigen, gegenst\"andigen (Ausnahme: E. nanus), ungeteilten und kahlen Bl\"attern. Die vier- bis f\"unfz\"ahligen, gr\"unlichen Bl\"uten fallen wenig auf und stehen in Bl\"utenst\"anden, welche den Achseln von Laub- oder Niederbl\"attern entspringen. Die Staubbl\"atter sitzen auf einem rel. gro\ss en, fl\"achigen, Nektar absondernden Diskus (hypostaminater D.). Euonymus-Arten bilden kantige, drei- bis f\"unff\"achrige Kapselfr\"uchte aus. Jedes Fach enth\"alt zwei oder mehr, von einem fleischigen Mantel (Diskus) umgebene Samen, die haupts\"achlich von V\"ogeln verbreitet werden. Abgesehen von einigen Guttapercha liefernden Arten ist die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der Gattung nur gering. Einige Arten sind in allen Pflanzenteilen giftig. Mehrere ostasiatische Euonymus-Arten sind teils wegen ihrer spektakul\"aren Herbstverf\"arbung oder ihrer h\"ubschen, bunten Fr\"uchte, teils auch wegen der immergr\"unen, ledrigen Bl\"atter in mitteleurop\"aischen Parks und G\"arten reichlich vertreten.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745583,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,euonymus-spp,forest-resources,monography,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745583}
}

@incollection{stephanPinusOocarpa1994,
  title = {Pinus Oocarpa},
  booktitle = {Enzyklop\"adie Der {{Holzgew\"achse}}: {{Handbuch}} Und {{Atlas}} Der {{Dendrologie}}},
  author = {Stephan, G.},
  editor = {Roloff, Andreas and Weisgerber, Horst and Lang, Ulla M. and Stimm, Bernd and Sch{\"u}tt, Peter},
  year = {1994},
  publisher = {{Wiley-Vch Verlag}},
  address = {{Weinheim}},
  abstract = {Pinus oocarpa geh\"ort zum gro\ss en Kreis der mexikanischen Kiefern. Sie ist eine tropische Waldbaumart, die im allgemeinen H\"ohen bis zu 30 m und auf besonders guten Standorten bis zu 45 m erreichen kann. Wegen der ausgezeichneten Qualit\"at ihres Holzes und der hohen Harzertr\"age hat sie eine gro\ss e wirtschaftliche Bedeutung in Mittelamerika, vor allem in Honduras, wo sie in H\"ohenlagen von 600 bis 1600m vorkommt sowie in Guatemala und in Mexiko, wo P. oocarpa zwischen 200 bis 2500m \"u. NN von Natur aus vertreten ist. Die Art verj\"ungt sich leicht nach Br\"anden und wird in vielen tropischen L\"andern angebaut.},
  isbn = {978-3-527-67851-8},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13745791,enzykl-holzgew-handb-atlas-dendrol,forest-resources,monography,pinus-oocarpa,species-description},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13745791}
}

@article{weberUberEinflussnaturnaherWaldwirtschaft1993,
  title = {\"Uber Den {{Einflu\ss naturnaher Waldwirtschaft}} Auf Den Chemischen {{Bodenzustand}}},
  author = {Weber, G. and Rehfuess, K. E. and Kruetzer, K.},
  year = {1993},
  volume = {48},
  pages = {68--71},
  abstract = {Title: About the influence of near-to-nature forest management on the chemical state of the soil},
  journal = {Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift/Der Wald},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13805764,forest-management,forest-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13805764}
}

@book{meuselVergleichendeChorologieZentraleuropaischen1992,
  title = {Vergleichende {{Chorologie}} Der {{Zentraleurop\"aischen Flora}} - {{Band III}}},
  editor = {Meusel, Hermann and J{\"a}ger, Eckehart},
  year = {1992},
  publisher = {{Gustav Fischer Verlag}},
  address = {{Jena}},
  isbn = {978-3-334-00411-1},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-14166878,botany,europe,maps,phytogeography,species-distribution},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-14166878}
}

@article{araujoAbovegroundBiomassProduction1989,
  title = {Aboveground Biomass Production in an Irrigation and Fertilization Field Experiment with {{Eucalyptus}} Globulus},
  author = {Ara{\'u}jo, C. and Pereira, J. S. and Leal, L. and Tom{\'e}, M. and {Flower-Ellis}, J. and Ericsson, T.},
  year = {1989},
  volume = {46},
  pages = {526s-528s},
  issn = {0003-4312},
  doi = {10.1051/forest:198905art0119},
  journal = {Annales des Sciences Foresti\`eres},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13780287,eucalyptus-globulus,forest-biomass,forest-resources,portugal},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13780287},
  number = {Supplement}
}

@article{decampsHistoricalInfluenceMan1988,
  title = {Historical Influence of Man on the Riparian Dynamics of a Fluvial Landscape},
  author = {D{\'e}camps, Henri and Fortun{\'e}, Madeleine and Gazelle, Fran{\c c}ois and Pautou, Guy},
  year = {1988},
  month = may,
  volume = {1},
  pages = {163--173},
  issn = {1572-9761},
  doi = {10.1007/BF00162742},
  abstract = {Man's influence, over the last three centuries, has gradually influenced the dynamics of forest cover along the valley of the Garonne, a seventh order river in Southern France. The vegetation cover of the floodplain depends on topographical levels which govern the frequency and duration of submergence during flooding. Along the valley, forest patches vary from a continuous ribbon of riparian wood along the river to a mosaic of groves towards the upland terraces. In the floodplain, the forest dynamics are influenced by floods, appear to be reversible, and are subject to dominant allogenic processes. On the contrary, forest dynamics on the terraces, which are not influenced by floods, are irreversible and subjected to dominant autogenic processes. Since the end of the 17th century, the structure of riparian woods has been modified by navigation and agriculture leading to a fragmentation of forest cover in the floodplain. Modern agriculture and urbanization have accentuated these tendencies by modifying the hydrologic regime of the river. These historical changes result in a fragmentation of forest cover and a substitution of species in the riparian zone, the forest dynamics being still reversible in the floodplain.},
  journal = {Landscape Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13544889,floodplain-forests,forest-conservation,river-restoration},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13544889},
  number = {3}
}

@article{guarisoComputerisedInventoryWater1986,
  title = {A Computerised Inventory for Water Resources Models},
  author = {Guariso, Giorgio and Werthner, Hannes},
  year = {1986},
  month = jun,
  volume = {1},
  pages = {40--46},
  issn = {0266-9838},
  doi = {10.1016/0266-9838(86)90035-3},
  abstract = {This paper presents a prototype of a computerized inventory of water resources models, developed at the Laboratorio di Informatica Territoriale ed Ambientale (LITA), Politecnico of Milan. Its main purpose is to overcome some of the difficulties encountered in diffusing to a wide range of potential users the tools developed in recent years by system analysis techniques, by presenting them in a format which is easy and accessible to all the potential users, so that a manager may quickly determine if a model is suitable for a given application. Following a short review of past attempts and proposals in this field, a format for model description is presented. The prototype inventory has been implemented on a personal computer, using a common commercial DBMS. Some advantages and problems of this implementation are also discussed in the paper. Furthermore, an attempt is made to identify the basic features of a user-friendly interface for the data base in order to allow the non-computer-oriented users to easily access and extract information from the inventory. Such interface has been implemented using the programming facility of the DBMS and its structure is briefly described.},
  journal = {Environmental Software},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-12624394,computational-science,environmental-modelling,metaknowledge,modelling,water-resources},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-12624394},
  number = {1}
}

@book{krussmannHandbuchLaubgeholze1978,
  title = {Handbuch Der {{Laubgeh\"olze}}},
  author = {Kr{\"u}ssmann, Gerd},
  year = {1978},
  edition = {Second},
  volume = {3},
  publisher = {{Paul Parey}},
  address = {{Berlin}},
  isbn = {978-3-8263-2789-6},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13799883,deciduous,forest-resources,germany,species-description,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13799883}
}

@article{navehEvolutionarySignificanceFire1975,
  title = {The Evolutionary Significance of Fire in the Mediterranean Region},
  author = {Naveh, Z.},
  year = {1975},
  month = jan,
  volume = {29},
  pages = {199--208},
  doi = {10.1007/bf02390011},
  abstract = {Fire has played a decisive role in Post-Glacial biological and cultural evolution in the Mediterranean Region. Its evolutionary impact on plants has been manifested by feedback responses, in which the fire and its after-effects selected plants for physiological and other mechanisms that enable direct fire tolerance or permit avoidance followed by vegetative and reproductive regeneration.},
  journal = {Plant Ecology},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-1543360,fire-ecology,forest-resources,mediterranean-region},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-1543360},
  number = {3}
}

@incollection{tutinEuonymus1968,
  title = {Euonymus {{L}}.},
  booktitle = {Flora {{Europaea}}, {{Volume}} 2: {{Rosaceae}} to {{Umbelliferae}}},
  author = {Tutin, T. G.},
  editor = {Tutin, T. G. and Heywood, V. H. and Burges, N. A. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A. and Valentine, D. H. and Walters, S. M. and Webb, D. A.},
  year = {1968},
  pages = {242},
  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
  address = {{Cambridge}},
  abstract = {Published in five volumes, Flora Europaea is the definitive account of the flowering plants, ferns and fern-allies of Europe, covering all plants growing in the wild, including many naturalized species and all widely cultivated crop species. It provides full keys and concise descriptions of families, genera, species and subspecies, together with bibliographic details for accepted species, summaries of geographical distribution, chromosome numbers and habitat information. This new edition of Volume 1 brings the treatment of the first 79 families up to date. Keys and descriptions have been extensively revised, and many taxa new to Europe, or to science, have been incorporated, while others have been relegated to synonymy as a consequence of recent research. In this edition, all synonyms are cited in the text. The Appendices have been thoroughly revised, and information on geographical distribution critically edited to give an authoritative summary of the occurrence of each species in 39 European territories.},
  isbn = {978-0-521-06662-4},
  keywords = {*imported-from-citeulike-INRMM,~INRMM-MiD:c-13628388,euonymus-spp,europe,featured-publication,forest-resources,species-description,taxonomy},
  lccn = {INRMM-MiD:c-13628388}
}