@article{bao_clinical_2017-1,
	title = {Clinical outcomes of extended versus intermittent administration of piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial.},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1435-4373},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics, clinical efficiency, and pharmacoeconomic parameters of piperacillin/tazobactam administered by extended infusion (EI) or intermittent infusion (II) in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in critically ill patients with low illness severity in China. Fifty patients completed the study, with 25 patients receiving 4/0.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam over 30 min as the II group and 25 patients receiving 4/0.5 g piperacillin/tazobactam over 3 h every 6 h as the EI group. Drug assay was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The percentage of the dosing interval for which the free piperacillin concentration (\%fT) exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was calculated. The patients' therapy cost, clinical efficiency, and adverse effects were also recorded. \%fT{\textgreater}MIC was about 100, 98.73, and 93.04 \% in the EI arm versus 81.48, 53.29, and 42.15 \% in the II arm, respectively, when the microorganism responsible for HAP had an MIC of 4, 8, and 16 mg/L. The therapy cost in the EI group was lower than that of the II group (\$1351.72+/-120.39 vs. \$1782.04+/-164.51, p=0.001). However, the clinical success rate, clinical failure rate, and drug-related adverse events did not significantly differ between groups. EI treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam was a cost-effective approach to the management of HAP, being equally clinically effective to conventional II.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {European journal of clinical microbiology \& infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology},
	author = {Bao, H and Lv, Y and Wang, D and Xue, J and Yan, Z},
	year = {2017},
	note = {Bao, H. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Bao, H. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Lv, Y. Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Lv, Y. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Wang, D. Intensive Care Unit, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Wang, D. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Xue, J. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Xue, J. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.
Yan, Z. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. zhao.yan0219@hotmail.com.
Yan, Z. Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huan-Hu-Xi Road, Ti-Yuan-Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China. zhao.yan0219@hotmail.com.},
	keywords = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/ad [Administration \& Dosage], *Cross Infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Penicillanic Acid/aa [Analogs \& Derivatives], *Pneumonia, Bacterial/dt [Drug Therapy], *beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents/ec [Economics], Anti-Bacterial Agents/pd [Pharmacology], Anti-Bacterial Agents/pk [Pharmacokinetics], China, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Costs and Cost Analysis, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous/ec [Economics], Infusions, Intravenous/mt [Methods], Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Penicillanic Acid/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Penicillanic Acid/ec [Economics], Penicillanic Acid/pd [Pharmacology], Penicillanic Acid/pk [Pharmacokinetics], Piperacillin/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Piperacillin/ec [Economics], Piperacillin/pd [Pharmacology], Piperacillin/pk [Pharmacokinetics], Plasma/ch [Chemistry], adolescent, adult, aged, beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/ec [Economics], beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/pd [Pharmacology], beta-Lactamase Inhibitors/pk [Pharmacokinetics], critical illness, female, male, middle aged, treatment outcome, young adult},
	pages = {459--466}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{kakkos_complication-related_2017,
	title = {Complication-related removal of totally implantable venous access port systems: {Does} the interval between placement and first use and the neutropenia-inducing potential of chemotherapy regimens influence their incidence? {A} four-year prospective study of 4045 patients},
	volume = {43},
	issn = {1532-2157 (Electronic) 0748-7983 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889197},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ejso.2016.10.020},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access port systems are widely used in oncology, with frequent complications that sometimes necessitate device removal. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the time interval between port placement and initiation of chemotherapy and the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy administered upon complication-related port removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2013, 4045 consecutive patients were included in this observational, single-center prospective study. The chemotherapy regimens were classified as having a low ({\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless10\%), intermediate (10-20\%), or high ({\textbackslash}textbackslashtextgreater20\%) risk for inducing neutropenia. RESULTS: The overall removal rate due to complications was 7.2\%. Among them, port-related infection (2.5\%) and port expulsion (1\%) were the most frequent. The interval between port insertion and its first use was shown to be a predictive factor for complication-related removal rates. A cut-off of 6 days was statistically significant (p = 0.008), as the removal rate for complications was 9.4\% when this interval was 0-5 days and 5.7\% when it was {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextgreater/=6 days. Another factor associated with port complication rate was the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy regimens used, with removal for complications involved in 5.5\% of low-risk regimens versus 9.4\% for the intermediate- and high-risk regimens (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: An interval of 6 days between placement and first use of the port reduces the removal rate from complications. The intermediate- and high-risk for neutropenia chemotherapy regimens are related to higher port removal rates from complications than low-risk regimens.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Eur J Surg Oncol},
	author = {Kakkos, A. and Bresson, L. and Hudry, D. and Cousin, S. and Lervat, C. and Bogart, E. and Meurant, J. P. and El Bedoui, S. and Decanter, G. and Hannebicque, K. and Regis, C. and Hamdani, A. and Penel, N. and Tresch-Bruneel, E. and Narducci, F.},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*Vascular Access Devices, 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*adverse effects, Catheter Obstruction/statistics \& numerical data, Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology, Child, Device Removal/*statistics \& numerical data, Equipment Failure/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Foreign-Body Migration/*epidemiology, Hematoma/epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasms/*drug therapy, Neutropenia/chemically induced, Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Prosthesis Implantation, Thrombosis/epidemiology, Young Adult},
	pages = {689--695},
}

@article{pascual_bloodstream_2016,
	title = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases: epidemiology and clinical features},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1435-4373},
	shorttitle = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases},
	doi = {10.1007/s10096-016-2752-3},
	abstract = {The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections due to Escherichia coli producing AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC-Ec-BSI). In a multi-centre case-control study, all third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli BSI (3GC-Ec-BSI) isolates were analysed. Acquired bla AmpC (bla ac-AmpC) detection was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Chromosomal bla AmpC (bla c-AmpC) expression was quantified by real-time PCR. Cases were patients with AmpC-Ec-BSI. Controls were patients with cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli BSI, matched 1:1 by sex and age. Demographics, comorbidities, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, clinical presentation and outcomes were investigated. Among 841 E. coli BSI, 17 were caused by AmpC-Ec (2 \%). Eleven isolates (58.8 \%) had bla ac-AmpC and six were bla c-AmpC overproducers. The mean age of cases was 66.2 years and 71 \% were men. Cases were more frequently healthcare-related (82 vs. 52 \% controls, p {\textless} 0.05) and presented more intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. At least one risk factor was present in 94.1 \% of cases vs. 41.7 \% of controls (p = 0.002). Severity and length of stay (LOS) were higher among cases (mean Pitt Score 2.6 vs. 0.38 in controls, p = 0.03; LOS 17.5 days vs. 6 in controls, p = 0.02). Inappropriate empirical therapy (IET) was administered to 70.6 \% of cases and 23.5 \% of controls (p {\textless} 0.003). No differences were found in terms of cure rate at the 14th day and mortality. Bloodstream infections due to AmpC-Ec (mostly plasmid-mediated) are infrequent in our area. AmpC-Ec-BSI affects mainly patients with intrinsic risk factors and those with previous antibiotic exposure. A high proportion received IET.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {European Journal of Clinical Microbiology \& Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology},
	author = {Pascual, V. and Alonso, N. and Simó, M. and Ortiz, G. and Garcia, M. C. and Xercavins, M. and Rivera, A. and Morera, M. A. and Miró, E. and Espejo, E. and Navarro, F. and Gurguí, M. and Pérez, J. and Rodríguez-Carballeira, M. and Garau, J. and Calbo, E.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27549108},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Bacterial Proteins, Case-Control Studies, DNA, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, beta-Lactamases},
	pages = {1997--2003},
}

@article{kiadaliri_absolute_2016,
	title = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}: {Findings} from the {Urban} {HEART} {Study}-2.},
	volume = {10 Suppl 1},
	issn = {1871-403X},
	shorttitle = {Absolute and relative educational inequalities in obesity among adults in {Tehran}},
	doi = {10.1016/j.orcp.2015.05.002},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Iran. Previous studies showed mixed results in relation to association between socioeconomic status and obesity in the country. The current study aimed to examine educational inequalities among adults in Tehran in 2011.
METHOD: Data on 90,435 persons 18 years and older from Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban HEART-2) were analyzed. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were used for assessing educational inequalities in obesity. These measures were quantified using generalized linear models for the binomial family adjusted for sex and age. Subgroup analysis was conducted across sex, age groups and the 22 districts of Tehran.
RESULTS: Both SII and RII showed substantial educational inequalities in obesity in favour of more educated adults [RII and SII (95\% CI were equal to 2.91 (2.71-3.11) and 0.12 (0.12-0.13)), respectively]. These educational inequalities were persistent even after adjusting for employment, marital status and smoking. Subgroup analysis revealed that educational inequalities were more profound among women. While among men educational inequalities were generally increasing with age, an inverse trend was observed among women. Educational inequalities were observed within all 22 districts of Tehran and generally there were no statistically significant differences between districts.
CONCLUSION: An inverse association between education and obesity was observed in the current study. To decrease educational inequalities in Tehran, priority should be given to younger women and older men. Further analyses are needed to explain these inequalities.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Obesity Research \& Clinical Practice},
	author = {Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A. and Asadi-Lari, Mohsen and Kalantari, Naser and Jafari, Mehdi and Vaez Mahdavi, Mohammad Reza and Faghihzadeh, Soghrat},
	month = sep,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26003304},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Educational Status, Educational inequality, Female, Generalized linear model, Humans, Iran, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban-HEART, Young Adult},
	pages = {S57--S63},
}

@article{cuervo_clinical_2016,
	title = {Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of {MRSA} bacteraemia in the elderly},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {1532-2742},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2015.12.009},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and microbiological characteristics, treatment and outcomes of MRSA bacteraemia among elderly and younger patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study conducted at 21 Spanish hospitals including patients with MRSA bacteraemia diagnosed between June/2008 and December/2009. Episodes diagnosed in patients aged 75 or more years old (≥75) were compared with the rest of them ({\textless}75).
RESULTS: Out of 579 episodes of MRSA bacteraemia, 231 (39.9\%) occurred in patients ≥75. Comorbidity was significantly higher in older patients (Charlson score ≥4: 52.8 vs. 44\%; p = .037) as was the severity of the underlying disease (McCabe ≥1: 61.9 vs. 43.4\%; p {\textless} .001). In this group the acquisition was more frequently health-care related (43.3 vs. 33.9\%, p = .023), mostly from long-term care centers (12.1 vs. 3.7\%, p {\textless} .001). An unknown focus was more frequent among ≥75 (19.9 vs. 13.8\%; p = .050) while severity at presentation was similar between groups (Pitt score ≥3: 31.2 vs. 27.6\%; p = .352). The prevalence of vancomycin resistant isolates was similar between groups, as was the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy. Early (EM) and overall mortality (OM) were significantly more frequent in the ≥75 group (EM: 12.1 vs. 6\%; p = .010 OM: 42.9 vs. 23\%; p {\textless} .001). In multivariate analysis age ≥75 was an independent risk factor for overall mortality (aOR: 2.47, CI: 1.63-3.74; p {\textless} .001).
CONCLUSION: MRSA bacteraemia was frequent in patients aged ≥75 of our cohort. This group had higher comorbidity rates and the source of infection was more likely to be unknown. Although no differences were seen in severity or adequacy of empiric therapy, elderly patients showed a higher overall mortality.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Infection},
	author = {Cuervo, Guillermo and Gasch, Oriol and Shaw, Evelyn and Camoez, Mariana and Domínguez, María Ángeles and Padilla, Belén and Pintado, Vicente and Almirante, Benito and Lepe, José A. and López-Medrano, Francisco and Ruiz de Gopegui, Enrique and Martínez, José A. and Montejo, José Miguel and Perez-Nadales, Elena and Arnáiz, Ana and Goenaga, Miguel Ángel and Benito, Natividad and Horcajada, Juan Pablo and Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús and Pujol, Miquel and {REIPI/GEIH study group}},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26723914},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteraemia, Bacteremia, Elderly, Female, Hospitals, Humans, MRSA, Male, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Prospective Studies, Spain, Staphylococcal Infections, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {309--316},
}

@article{garbati_infections_2016,
	title = {Infections due to {Carbapenem} {Resistant} {Enterobacteriaceae} among {Saudi} {Arabian} {Hospitalized} {Patients}: {A} {Matched} {Case}-{Control} {Study}.},
	volume = {2016},
	issn = {2314-6141},
	abstract = {Background. We conducted this case-control study to determine the risk factors and treatment outcome of infections due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in our institution. Methods. This is a matched case-control study of patients with infection due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE), from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2012 and December 2013. Results. During this period, 29 cases and 58 controls were studied. The mean ages of the cases (55.4 years) and controls (54.7 years) were similar (p = 0.065). Cases had higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (3.1) than controls (1.9), p = 0.026. Several factors contributed to infection among the studied population. Prior uses of piperacillin-tazobactam, a carbapenem, a quinolone, and metronidazole were significantly associated with CRE infections. Nine of the cases died compared with 7 of the controls, p = 0.031. Mortality was associated with advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, ICU stay, and receipt of invasive procedures. Conclusions. Infections due to CRE resulted in a significantly increased mortality. Combination antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality. Properly designed randomized controlled studies are required to better characterize these findings.},
	number = {101600173},
	journal = {BioMed research international},
	author = {Garbati, M A and Sakkijha, H and Abushaheen, A},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Garbati, M A. Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Sakkijha, H. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Abushaheen, A. Scientific Research and Publication Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.},
	keywords = {*Carbapenems/tu [Therapeutic Use], *Cross Infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Cross Infection/mo [Mortality], *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/dt [Drug Therapy], *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mo [Mortality], Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cross Infection/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae/cl [Classification], Enterobacteriaceae/de [Drug Effects], Enterobacteriaceae/ip [Isolation \& Purification], Hospitalization/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Humans, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia/ep [Epidemiology], adolescent, adult, aged, female, incidence, male, middle aged, survival rate, treatment outcome, young adult},
	pages = {3961684}
}

@article{marufu_prediction_2016,
	title = {Prediction of 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery by the {Nottingham} {Hip} {Fracture} {Score} and the {Surgical} {Outcome} {Risk} {Tool}.},
	volume = {71},
	copyright = {(c) 2016 The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland.},
	issn = {1365-2044 0003-2409},
	doi = {10.1111/anae.13418},
	abstract = {The care of the elderly with hip fractures and their outcomes might be improved with resources targeted by the accurate calculation of risks of mortality and morbidity. We used a multicentre national dataset to evaluate and recalibrate the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score and Surgical Outcome Risk Tool. We split 9,017 hip  fracture cases from the Anaesthesia Sprint Audit of Practice into derivation and  validation data sets and used logistic regression to derive new model co-efficients for death at 30 postoperative days. The area (95\% CI) under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.71 (0.67-0.75) indicated acceptable discrimination by the Nottingham Hip Fracture Score and acceptable calibration fit (Hosmer-Lemeshow test), p = 0.23, with a similar discrimination by the Surgical Outcome Risk Tool, 0.70 (0.66-0.74), which was miscalibrated to the observed data, p = 0.001. We recommend that studies test these scores for patients with hip fractures in other countries. We also recommend these models are compared with case-mix adjustment tools used in the UK.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Anaesthesia},
	author = {Marufu, T. C. and White, S. M. and Griffiths, R. and Moonesinghe, S. R. and Moppett, I. K.},
	month = may,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26940757},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anesthesia, Calibration, Databases, Factual, Female, Hip Fractures/diagnosis/*mortality/*surgery, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orthopedic Procedures/mortality, ROC Curve, Risk Adjustment, Risk Assessment, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom/epidemiology, care of the elderly, fractured hip, outcomes, peri-operative, postoperative, surgery},
	pages = {515--521},
}

@article{
 title = {Quality of life in older people with dementia: a multilevel study of individual attributes and residential care center characteristics},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cross-Sectional Studies,Dementia/epidemiology/psychology,Female,Health Status,Humans,Institutionalization,Male,Middle Aged,Nursing Homes,Quality of Life,Questionnaires,Retrospective Studies,Spain/epidemiology,dementia,multilevel analysis,older adults,residential care centers},
 pages = {104-110},
 volume = {15},
 month = {1},
 publisher = {Japan Geriatrics Society},
 city = {Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.},
 id = {35f0e744-a287-3daf-8594-25c38c57ad04},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:14.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {CI: (c) 2014; JID: 101135738; OTO: NOTNLM; 2013/12/10 [accepted]; 2014/01/24 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {f1983289-bfcc-4bbc-aa58-64df97457698},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {AIM: To analyze how the characteristics of institutionalized older people with dementia and residential care centers are associated with the individual's quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Data were collected from a survey carried out on 525 elderly people aged 60 years or older in 14 nursing care homes across Spain. Multilevel linear analysis to assess the differences in QoL level between centers and individuals was carried out. RESULTS: The characteristics of the individuals that were associated with a higher QoL were functional independence, health status and gathering with family, friends or neighbors. In contrast, higher levels of dementia, depression and the length of institutionalization had a negative effect on QoL. In relation to the residential care center characteristics, the availability of geriatricians was associated with higher QoL, compared with those centers with no geriatricians on staff. In addition, public centers (public ownership and publicly-funded residents) were also associated with higher QoL than private/mixed centers. The multilevel analysis showed that the 16.4% of the differences in QoL was related to residence factors. CONCLUSION: These results reflect the importance of the functional, social, mental and residential dimensions in the QoL of older adults with dementia. Actions devoted to improving these key dimensions would contribute to promote the well-being of this vulnerable population.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Marventano, S and Prieto-Flores, M E and Sanz-Barbero, B and Martin-Garcia, S and Fernandez-Mayoralas, G and Rojo-Perez, F and Martinez-Martin, P and Forjaz, M J and Ageing, Spanish Research Group on Quality of Life and},
 journal = {Geriatrics & gerontology international},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Vaccines for the prevention of seasonal influenza in patients with diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis},
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 abstract = {VDECICIDFLUREV; VDECSG; GA},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Remschmidt, Cornelius and Wichmann, Ole and Harder, Thomas},
 journal = {BMC Medicine},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Bathing Disability and Bathing Persons with Dementia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alzheimer Disease/nursing,Baths/nursing,Dementia/nursing,Education, Nursing, Continuing,Female,Humans,Male},
 pages = {9-14,22},
 volume = {24},
 city = {United States},
 id = {e18a4c8b-cd5c-3173-83e1-3972ab130701},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:28.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {JID: 9300545; ppublish},
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 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Bathing disability, evidence of functional decline, predicts admission to long-term care facilities following acute care hospitalizations. Nurses are challenged to assess bathing disability in hospitalized older persons and those with dementia to support their maximal functional performance and implement diverse bathing strategies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Wolf, Z R and Czekanski, K E},
 journal = {Medsurg nursing : official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {A cross-sectional survey to investigate the quality of care in Tuscan (Italy) nursing homes: the structural, process and outcome indicators of nutritional care},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cross-Sectional Studies,Female,Humans,Italy,Male,Nursing Homes/standards,Nutrition Assessment,Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care),Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards,State Medicine,Surveys and Questionnaires},
 pages = {223-225},
 volume = {15},
 month = {6},
 day = {6},
 city = {Department of Health Science, University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 48, 50134, Florence, Italy. guglielmo.bonaccorsi@unifi.it.; Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Tuscany, Italy. francesca.collini@ars.toscana.it.; Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Tu},
 id = {d64bdbb7-59e8-3cb6-8a02-a76d22344e68},
 created = {2016-08-21T22:19:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {LR: 20150608; JID: 101088677; OID: NLM: PMC4458040; 2014/10/30 [received]; 2015/05/19 [accepted]; 2015/06/06 [aheadofprint]; epublish},
 folder_uuids = {911ed6ae-9b6c-4b26-b2c0-eb5c080b23de,63a49397-62a3-4051-829d-7112ba34c71e},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies have investigated process and structure indicators of nutritional care as well as their use in nursing homes (NHs), but the relative weight of these indicators in predicting the risk of malnutrition remains unclear. Aims of the present study are to describe the quality indicators of nutritional care in older residents in a sample of NHs in Tuscany, Italy, and to evaluate the predictors of protein-energy malnutrition risk. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 67 NHs. Information was collected to evaluate quality indicators of nutritional care and the individual risk factors for malnutrition, which was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool. A multilevel model was used to analyse the association between risk and predictors. RESULTS: Out of 2395 participants, 23.7 % were at high, 11 % at medium, and 65.3 % at low risk for malnutrition. Forty-two percent of the NHs had only a personal scale to weigh residents; 88 % did not routinely use a screening test/tool for malnutrition; 60 % used some standardized approach for weight measurement; 43 % did not assess the severity of dysphagia; 12 % were not staffed with dietitians. Patients living in NHs where a chair or platform scale was available had a significantly lower risk of malnutrition (OR = 0.73; 95 % CI = 0.56-0.94). None of the other structural or process quality indicators showed a statistically significant association with malnutrition risk. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the process and structural indicators considered, only the absence of an adequate scale to weigh residents predicted the risk of malnutrition, after adjusting for case mix. These findings prompt the conduction of further investigations on the effectiveness of structural and process indicators that are used to describe quality of nutritional care in NHs.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bonaccorsi, G and Collini, F and Castagnoli, M and Di Bari, M and Cavallini, M C and Zaffarana, N and Pepe, P and Mugelli, A and Lucenteforte, E and Vannacci, A and Lorini, C},
 journal = {BMC health services research}
}

@article{robinson_effects_2015,
	title = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}: {A} {Preliminary} {Study}},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {1534-7796},
	shorttitle = {The {Effects} of {Relaxation} {Before} or {After} {Skin} {Damage} on {Skin} {Barrier} {Recovery}},
	doi = {10.1097/PSY.0000000000000222},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Psychological interventions administered before wounding can reduce stress and improve healing. However, in many cases, it would be more practical for interventions to be delivered after wounding. This preliminary study investigated whether a brief relaxation intervention could improve healing when administered either before or after skin damage produced by tape stripping in comparison to a control group.
METHODS: One hundred twenty-one healthy adults were randomized into one of three groups: (a) relaxation prestripping group, (b) relaxation poststripping group, or (c) no relaxation. Participants completed measures of stress, fatigue, relaxation, and pain. Relaxation consisted of listening to 20 minutes of guided relaxation, whereas the control condition was quiet reading for 20 minutes. Skin barrier function was measured using transepidermal water loss at baseline, immediately after tape stripping and 25 minutes later.
RESULTS: Relaxation either before or after tape stripping improved skin barrier recovery compared with the control group (F(2,92) = 3.58, p = .032, partial η = 0.074). Participants who took part in the relaxation intervention were significantly more relaxed and reported greater reductions in pain than the control group did 25 minutes after tape stripping. Perceived stress over the last month was not significantly related to healing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that a relaxation intervention had a beneficial effect on skin barrier recovery regardless of whether the intervention was administered before or after wounding. Future research needs to replicate these findings in other wound types and in clinical settings, and investigate the biological mechanisms involved.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Psychosomatic Medicine},
	author = {Robinson, Hayley and Jarrett, Paul and Broadbent, Elizabeth},
	month = oct,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26335334},
	note = {00002 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Epidermis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recovery of Function, Relaxation Therapy, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Treatment Outcome, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
	pages = {844--852}
}

@article{
 title = {Methods for managing residents with dysphagia},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis/nursing,Dysphagia,Geriatric Nursing/methods/standards,Homes for the Aged,Humans,Nurse's Role,Nursing Homes,Oral Hygiene/nursing,Practice Guidelines as Topic,nutrition,oral hygiene,patient safety},
 pages = {29-33},
 volume = {27},
 month = {5},
 city = {Cherry Hinton Care Home, Cambridge.},
 id = {4454d68f-6ac3-3e14-9413-bc399db89685},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:34.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {JID: 101084156; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {06271a48-ad48-43cc-b073-52e57f10f5e1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Nurses working in nursing homes will care for residents who have dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, on a regular basis. Clear, evidence-based guidelines are necessary for all staff to be able to meet the needs of these residents safely and efficiently. A multidisciplinary approach is important to ensure accurate assessment, devise appropriate care and achieve specific goals. Equipment such as valved beakers, rimmed plates and non-slip mats will help maintain safety during mealtimes. Prescription items, such as fluid thickeners and anticholinergic medication, help to manage the condition and provide comfort during mealtimes and in between. Robust education and training should be in place for all nursing and care staff who care for residents with the condition.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rudakiewicz, J},
 journal = {Nursing older people},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Malnutrition and Dysphagia in long-term care: a systematic review},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/physi,Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena,Homes for the Aged,Humans,Incidence,Long-Term Care,Malnutrition/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology,Nursing Homes,Prevalence,Risk,deglutition,dysphagia,malnutrition,nutrition},
 pages = {1-21},
 volume = {34},
 city = {a Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.},
 id = {2ec10ea5-b1b4-31b3-ae4d-c0a7c1303caa},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:02.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {JID: 101558292; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {911ed6ae-9b6c-4b26-b2c0-eb5c080b23de},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Determining the co-occurrence of malnutrition and dysphagia is important to understand the extent to which swallowing impairment contributes to poor food intake in long-term care (LTC). This review investigated the impact of dysphagia on malnutrition in LTC by synthesizing the results of published literature. Seven electronic databases were used to search for English-language publications reporting malnutrition and dysphagia in LTC facilities from 1946 to 2013. Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion. Overall, the literature on the co-occurrence of malnutrition and dysphagia in LTC shows a paucity of high-quality evidence. Articles reviewed lacked consistent definitions for both conditions. Methods used to confirm each diagnosis also differed and were of questionable validity. Based on a review of the literature, evidence of the existence of concurrent concerns with respect to malnutrition and dysphagia emerges. The reported frequency of participants in LTC with dysphagia ranges from 7% to 40%, while the percentage of those who were malnourished ranges from 12% to 54%. Due to discrepancies used to describe and measure these conditions, it is difficult to determine the exact prevalence of either condition separately, or in combination. Consequently, the impact of dysphagia on malnutrition must be considered and studied using valid definitions and measures.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Namasivayam, A M and Steele, C M},
 journal = {Journal of nutrition in gerontology and geriatrics},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Sleep quality and depression of nursing home older adults in wheelchairs after exercises},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cluster Analysis,Cluster randomized control trial,Depression,Depressive Disorder/prevention & control,Elastic band,Exercise Therapy/psychology,Female,Humans,Male,Nursing Homes,Nursing home,Older adults,Sleep Wake Disorders/prevention & control,Sleep quality,Taiwan,Wheelchair exercise,Wheelchairs},
 pages = {357-365},
 volume = {63},
 publisher = {Elsevier Inc},
 city = {College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: kmc@kmu.edu.tw.; College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.; College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.; Departmen},
 id = {54756b1b-319d-3873-9eb8-409b99fe3c17},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:26.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {CI: Copyright (c) 2015; JID: 0401075; OTO: NOTNLM; 2014/05/20 [received]; 2014/08/12 [revised]; 2014/08/20 [accepted]; 2014/08/23 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {e452bc40-f1c9-4c81-8e68-80b3795067c4},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbances and depression are costly and potentially disabling conditions that affect a considerable proportion of older adults. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of 6 months of elastic band exercises on sleep quality and depression of wheelchair-bound older adults in nursing homes. METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven older adults from 10 nursing homes participated in this cluster randomized controlled trial, and 114 completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental group (five nursing homes, n = 59) and control group (five nursing homes, n = 55). A 40-minute wheelchair-bound senior elastic band exercise program was implemented 3 times per week for 6 months. Sleep quality and depression of the participants were examined at baseline, after 3 months, and at the end of the 6-month study. DISCUSSION: Participants in the experimental group had longer sleep durations, better habitual sleep efficiencies, and less depression than the control group at 3 months of the study and maintained them throughout the rest of the 6-month study. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing home directors could recruit volunteers to learn the program and lead the elderly residents in wheelchairs in practicing the wheelchair-bound senior elastic band exercises regularly in the facilities.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Chen, K M and Huang, H T and Cheng, Y Y and Li, C H and Chang, Y H},
 journal = {Nursing outlook},
 number = {3}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_performance_2014,
	title = {The performance of seven {QPrediction} risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice: a validation study},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {The performance of seven {QPrediction} risk scores in an independent external sample of patients from general practice},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005809},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To validate the performance of a set of risk prediction algorithms developed using the QResearch database, in an independent sample from general practices contributing to the Clinical Research Data Link (CPRD).
SETTING: Prospective open cohort study using practices contributing to the CPRD database and practices contributing to the QResearch database.
PARTICIPANTS: The CPRD validation cohort consisted of 3.3 million patients, aged 25-99 years registered at 357 general practices between 1 Jan 1998 and 31 July 2012. The validation statistics for QResearch were obtained from the original published papers which used a one-third sample of practices separate to those used to derive the score. A cohort from QResearch was used to compare incidence rates and baseline characteristics and consisted of 6.8 million patients from 753 practices registered between 1 Jan 1998 and until 31 July 2013.
OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident events relating to seven different risk prediction scores: QRISK2 (cardiovascular disease); QStroke (ischaemic stroke); QDiabetes (type 2 diabetes); QFracture (osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture); QKidney (moderate and severe kidney failure); QThrombosis (venous thromboembolism); QBleed (intracranial bleed and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage). Measures of discrimination and calibration were calculated.
RESULTS: Overall, the baseline characteristics of the CPRD and QResearch cohorts were similar though QResearch had higher recording levels for ethnicity and family history. The validation statistics for each of the risk prediction scores were very similar in the CPRD cohort compared with the published results from QResearch validation cohorts. For example, in women, the QDiabetes algorithm explained 50\% of the variation within CPRD compared with 51\% on QResearch and the receiver operator curve value was 0.85 on both databases. The scores were well calibrated in CPRD.
CONCLUSIONS: Each of the algorithms performed practically as well in the external independent CPRD validation cohorts as they had in the original published QResearch validation cohorts.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {BMJ open},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Coupland, Carol and Brindle, Peter},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25168040},
	pmcid = {PMC4156807},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Calibration, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cprd, Ethnic Groups, Family, Female, General Practice, Hemorrhage, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporotic Fractures, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, QResearch, Qrisk2, Risk, Validation, Venous Thromboembolism, diabetes mellitus},
	pages = {e005809}
}

@article{wiwatanadate_acute_2014,
	title = {Acute air pollution-related symptoms among residents in {Chiang} {Mai}, {Thailand}},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0022-0892},
	abstract = {Open burnings (forest fires, agricultural, and garbage burnings) are the major sources of air pollution in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A time series prospective study was conducted in which 3025 participants were interviewed for 19 acute symptoms with the daily records of ambient air pollutants: particulate matter less than 10 microm in size (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3). PM10 was positively associated with blurred vision with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.009. CO was positively associated with lower lung and heart symptoms with adjusted ORs of 1.137 and 1.117. NO2 was positively associated with nosebleed, larynx symptoms, dry cough, lower lung symptoms, heart symptoms, and eye irritation with the range of adjusted ORs (ROAORs) of 1.024 to 1.229. SO2 was positively associated with swelling feet, skin symptoms, eye irritation, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 1.205 to 2.948. Conversely, O3 was negatively related to running nose, burning nose, dry cough, body rash, red eyes, and blurred vision with ROAORs of 0.891 to 0.979.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of Environmental Health},
	author = {Wiwatanadate, Phongtape},
	month = feb,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24645417},
	note = {00003 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Particulate Matter, Prospective Studies, Respiration Disorders, Thailand, Weather},
	pages = {76--84}
}

@article{
 title = {Living in uncertain times: trajectories to death in residential care homes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Advance Care Planning/organization & administratio,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Attitude of Health Personnel,England/epidemiology,Frail Elderly,Health Services Research,Homes for the Aged/organization & administration,Hospitalization,Humans,Nursing Homes,Policy Making,Primary Health Care,Professional-Patient Relations,Prospective Studies,Qualitative Research,Terminal Care/organization & administration,care homes,dying trajectories,end-of-life care,palliative care},
 pages = {e576-83},
 volume = {64},
 month = {9},
 city = {Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.; International Observatory on End of Life Care, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster.; Primary Care Unit, Department of Public },
 id = {5fd4a42e-17f3-3187-820a-582da2218f36},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:36.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {CI: (c) British Journal of General Practice 2014; JID: 9005323; OID: NLM: PMC4141615; OTO: NOTNLM; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {cbf07968-bdea-492d-b4e4-d50a2e1cb62d},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Older people living in care homes often have limited life expectancy. Practitioners and policymakers are increasingly questioning the appropriateness of many acute hospital admissions and the quality of end-of-life care provided in care homes. AIM: To describe care home residents' trajectories to death and care provision in their final weeks of life. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study of residents in six residential care homes in three sociodemographically varied English localities: Hertfordshire, Essex, and Cambridgeshire. METHOD: Case note reviews and interviews with residents, care home staff, and healthcare professionals. RESULTS: Twenty-three out of 121 recruited residents died during the study period. Four trajectories to death were identified: 'anticipated dying' with an identifiable end-of-life care period and death in the care home (n = 9); 'unexpected dying' with death in the care home that was not anticipated and often sudden (n = 3); 'uncertain dying' with a period of diagnostic uncertainty or difficult symptom management leading to hospital admission and inpatient death (n = 7); and 'unpredictable dying' with an unexpected event leading to hospital admission and inpatient death (n = 4). End-of-life care tools were rarely used. Most residents who had had one or more acute hospital admission were still alive at the end of the study. CONCLUSION: For some care home residents there was an identifiable period when they were approaching the end-of-life and planned care was put in place. For others, death came unexpectedly or during a period of considerable uncertainty, with care largely unplanned and reactive to events.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Barclay, S and Froggatt, K and Crang, C and Mathie, E and Handley, M and Iliffe, S and Manthorpe, J and Gage, H and Goodman, C},
 journal = {The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
 number = {626}
}

@article{fisher_fatal_2014,
	title = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning: {England} and {Wales}, 1979-2012},
	volume = {52},
	issn = {1556-9519},
	shorttitle = {Fatal unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning},
	doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.887092},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in England and Wales. METHODS.
STUDY DESIGN: observational case series. Data on fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in England and Wales from 1979 to 2012 were obtained from coroner reports. Data on unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted and were analysed by year of registration of death, sex, age group, and whether death occurred at a private house, flat, associated garage, or residential caravan ('home'), or elsewhere.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There were 28,944 carbon monoxide-related deaths, of which 82\% were male. Deaths increased from 965 (1979) to 1700 (1987), and then fell to 182 (2012). Of these 2208 (64\% male) were recorded as unintentional non-fire-related deaths. Annual numbers of these latter deaths fell from 166 in 1979 to 25 in 2012 (i.e. from 3.37 to 0.44 per million population). Some 81 and 92\% of such deaths in males and in females, respectively, occurred at 'home'. A clear preponderance of male versus female deaths was seen in the 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years age groups, with similar numbers of deaths in males and in females in the younger ({\textless} 1 and 1-9 year) and higher (65-79 and 80 + years) age groups. A higher proportion of these excess deaths in males occurred outside the deceased's 'home' in those aged 10-19, 20-39 and 40-64 years.
CONCLUSION: Deaths from unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning are now much less common in England and Wales than in earlier years, but remain a cause for concern. Installation and proper maintenance of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings and outhouses, for example, and education not only of the public, but also of health and other professionals as to the danger posed by carbon monoxide could help prevent such deaths.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
	author = {Fisher, D. S. and Leonardi, G. and Flanagan, R. J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24533843},
	note = {00006 },
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Child, England, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Time Factors, Wales},
	pages = {166--170}
}

@article{Ternifi2014,
abstract = {White-matter hyperintensity (WMH) is frequently seen in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the complete physiopathology of WMH remains to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine whether there is an association between the maximum brain tissue displacement (maxBTD), as assessed by ultrasound, and the WMH, as observed by MRI. Nine healthy women aged 60 to 85 years underwent ultrasound and MRI assessments. We found a significant negative correlation between maxBTD and WMH ($\rho$=-0.86, P<0.001), suggesting a link between cerebral hypoperfusion and WMH.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow \& Metabolism advance online publication, 9 April 2014; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.58.},
author = {Ternifi, Redouane and Cazals, Xavier and Desmidt, Thomas and Andersson, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric and Camus, Vincent and Cottier, Jean-Philippe and Patat, Fr\'{e}d\'{e}ric and Remenieras, Jean-Pierre},
doi = {10.1038/jcbfm.2014.58},
issn = {1559-7016},
journal = {Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism},
month = apr,
pmid = {24714033},
title = {{Ultrasound measurements of brain tissue pulsatility correlate with the volume of MRI white-matter hyperintensity.}},
year = {2014}
}

@article{zhou_risk_2014,
	title = {Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or death in patients initiating olmesartan or other angiotensin receptor blockers - a cohort study using the {Clinical} {Practice} {Research} {Datalink}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.3549},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Results of two randomized trials (ROADMAP and ORIENT) suggest that high-dose (40 mg/day) olmesartan (Olm) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality compared to placebo in diabetic patients. We evaluated the risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and death in patients initiating Olm compared with an active comparator group, other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), with a focus on high-dose and diabetic subgroups.
METHODS: We conducted a cohort study with patients who initiated Olm or another ARB between 2003 and 2011, using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD. We included patients who had no prior ARB or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor exposure during the preceding 6 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression models with both multivariable adjustment and propensity score matching.
RESULTS: There were 3964 Olm and 54 653 other-ARB initiators, respectively. Adjusted HRs comparing Olm and other-ARBs were 1.04 (95\% CI: 0.75-1.42) for AMI and 1.16 (0.95-1.42) for death, using multivariable adjustment. Comparing patients initiated with a high-dose Olm and a high-dose other-ARB, HRs were 3.09 (0.94-10.13) for AMI and 2.03 (0.74-5.61) for death, using multivariable adjustment; and 4.38 (0.97-19.66) and 1.99 (0.63-6.32) for AMI and death, using propensity score matching.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, no differences in risk were observed in the main cohort analyses comparing Olm initiators with patients initiating therapy with other ARBs; however, HRs were marginally increased for all study endpoints which compared high-dose subgroups, suggesting potential increased risk may be associated with high-dose Olm. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Zhou, Esther H. and Gelperin, Kate and Levenson, Mark S. and Rose, Martin and Hsueh, Ya-Hui and Graham, David J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24285502},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Death, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Imidazoles, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Proportional Hazards Models, Regression Analysis, Risk, Tetrazoles, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diabetes mellitus, olmesartan, pharmacoepidemiology, stroke},
	pages = {340--347}
}

@article{basso_why_2014,
	title = {Why people drink shampoo? {Food} {Imitating} {Products} are fooling brains and endangering consumers for marketing purposes},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	shorttitle = {Why people drink shampoo?},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0100368},
	abstract = {A Food Imitating Product (FIP) is a household cleaner or a personal care product that exhibits food attributes in order to enrich consumption experience. As revealed by many cases worldwide, such a marketing strategy led to unintentional self-poisonings and deaths. FIPs therefore constitute a very serious health and public policy issue. To understand why FIPs are a threat, we first conducted a qualitative analysis on real-life cases of household cleaners and personal care products-related phone calls at a poison control center followed by a behavioral experiment. Unintentional self-poisoning in the home following the accidental ingestion of a hygiene product by a healthy adult is very likely to result from these products being packaged like foodstuffs. Our hypothesis is that FIPs are non-verbal food metaphors that could fool the brain of consumers. We therefore conducted a subsequent functional neuroimaging (fMRI) experiment that revealed how visual processing of FIPs leads to cortical taste inferences. Considered in the grounded cognition perspective, the results of our studies reveal that healthy adults can unintentionally categorize a personal care product as something edible when a food-like package is employed to market nonedible and/or dangerous products. Our methodology combining field (qualitative) and laboratory (behavioral and functional neuroimaging) findings could be of particular relevance for policy makers, as it can help screening products prior to their market release--e.g. the way they are packaged and how they can potentially confuse the mind of consumers--and therefore save lives.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {PloS One},
	author = {Basso, Frédéric and Robert-Demontrond, Philippe and Hayek, Maryvonne and Anton, Jean-Luc and Nazarian, Bruno and Roth, Muriel and Oullier, Olivier},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {25207971},
	pmcid = {PMC4160172},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Behavior, Brain, Cosmetics, Drinking, Female, Food, Functional Neuroimaging, Hair Preparations, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Marketing, Middle Aged, Poison Control Centers, Public Health, Safety, Young Adult},
	pages = {e100368}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Dynamic data during hypotensive episode improves mortality predictions among patients with sepsis and hypotension.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {80 and over,Adult,Aged,Algorithms,Cohort Studies,Comorbidity,Critical Illness,Critical Illness: mortality,Female,Great Britain,Hospital Mortality,Hospital Mortality: trends,Humans,Hypotension,Hypotension: mortality,Intensive Care Units,Male,Middle Aged,Outcome Assessment (Health Care),Predictive Value of Tests,Prognosis,Retrospective Studies,Sepsis,Sepsis: mortality},
 pages = {954-62},
 volume = {41},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3609896&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 publisher = {NIH Public Access},
 id = {95d7042f-e668-3f25-aeb3-4f00b98dda28},
 created = {2016-03-29T18:26:56.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {304786e8-5116-360a-80be-e62833097578},
 group_id = {d7b44578-07c1-3210-ae74-3bcd7f980767},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T15:45:25.917Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Mayaud_Crit_Care_April_2013},
 source_type = {article},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine if a prediction rule for hospital mortality using dynamic variables in response to treatment of hypotension in patients with sepsis performs better than current models.\n\nDESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.\n\nSETTING: All ICUs at a tertiary care hospital.\n\nPATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to ICUs between 2001 and 2007 of whom 2,113 met inclusion criteria and had sufficient data.\n\nINTERVENTIONS: None.\n\nMEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We developed a prediction algorithm for hospital mortality in patients with sepsis and hypotension requiring medical intervention using data from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II. We extracted 189 candidate variables, including treatments, physiologic variables and laboratory values collected before, during, and after a hypotensive episode. Thirty predictors were identified using a genetic algorithm on a training set (n=1500) and validated with a logistic regression model on an independent validation set (n=613). The final prediction algorithm used included dynamic information and had good discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve=82.0%) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow C statistic=10.43, p=0.06). This model was compared with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV using reclassification indices and was found to be superior with an Net Reclassification Improvement of 0.19 (p<0.001) and an Integrated Discrimination Improvement of 0.09 (p<0.001).\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Hospital mortality predictions based on dynamic variables surrounding a hypotensive event is a new approach to predicting prognosis. A model using these variables has good discrimination and calibration and offers additional predictive prognostic information beyond established ones.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mayaud, Louis and Lai, Peggy S and Clifford, Gari D and Tarassenko, Lionel and Celi, Leo Anthony and Annane, Djillali},
 journal = {Critical Care Medicine},
 number = {4}
}

@article{theophile_comparison_2013,
	title = {Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the {Naranjo} and {Liverpool} algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1179-1942},
	doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0083-1},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference.
METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 \%), followed by 'probable' (35 \%), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 \% each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 \%) and 'probable' (30 \%) followed by 'definite' (7 \%) and 'unlikely' (2 \%). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm.
CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Drug Safety},
	author = {Théophile, Hélène and André, Manon and Miremont-Salamé, Ghada and Arimone, Yannick and Bégaud, Bernard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23828659},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Expert Testimony, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Judgment, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacovigilance, Sensitivity and Specificity},
	pages = {1033--1044}
}

@article{ganten_role_2013,
	title = {The role of perfusion effects in monitoring of chemoradiotherapy of rectal carcinoma using diffusion-weighted imaging},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1470-7330},
	doi = {10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0045},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize and understand the therapy-induced changes in diffusion parameters in rectal carcinoma under chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The current literature shows conflicting results in this regard. We applied the intravoxel incoherent motion model, which allows for the differentiation between diffusion (D) and perfusion (f) effects, to further elucidate potential underlying causes for these divergent reports.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients with primary rectal carcinoma undergoing preoperative CRT were examined before, during, and after neoadjuvant CRT using diffusion-weighted imaging. Using the intravoxel incoherent motion approach, f and D were extracted and compared with postoperative tumor downstaging and volume.
RESULTS: Initial diffusion-derived parameters were within a narrow range (D1 = 0.94 ± 0.12 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s). At follow-up, D rose significantly (D2 = 1.18 ± 0.13 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P {\textless} 0.0001) and continued to increase significantly after CRT (D3 = 1.24 ± 0.14 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s; P {\textless} 0.0001). The perfusion fraction f did not change significantly (f1 = 9.4 ± 2.0\%, f2 = 9.4 ± 1.7\%, f3 = 9.5 ± 2.7\%). Mean volume (V) decreased significantly (V1 = 16,992 ± 13,083 mm(3); V2 = 12,793 ± 8317 mm(3), V3 = 9718 ± 6154 mm(3)). T-downstaging (10:18 patients) showed no significant correlation with diffusion-derived parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: Conflicting results in the literature considering apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes in rectal carcinoma under CRT for patients showing T-downstaging are unlikely to be due to perfusion effects. Our data support the view that under effective therapy, an increase in D/ADC can be observed.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Cancer Imaging: The Official Publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society},
	author = {Ganten, Maria-Katharina and Schuessler, Maximilian and Bäuerle, Tobias and Muenter, Marc and Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter and Jensen, Alexandra and Brand, Karsten and Dueck, Margret and Dinkel, Julien and Kopp-Schneider, Annette and Maier-Hein*, Klaus and Stieltjes, Bram},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemoradiotherapy, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Rectal Neoplasms, Tumor Burden},
	pages = {548--556}
}

@article{chopra_factors_2013,
	title = {Factors associated with primary hip arthroplasty after hip fracture},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1936-2692},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine patient, clinical, and hospital factors associated with receiving total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) in the United States.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
METHODS: Hospital discharge records with a principal diagnosis of hip fracture and primary hip arthroplasty or no surgery were identified from the 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample data set of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Patient (age, sex, race, income, payer), clinical (comorbidities, severity, fracture type), hospital (region, location, teaching status, bed size, ownership), and outcome (receipt of THA or HA) variables were extracted and weighted for the analyses. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted and significance was set at P {\textless} .05.
RESULTS: A total of 92,861, 15,489, and 9863 discharges occurred for HA, no surgery, and THA, respectively. Compared with no surgery, THA or HA was significantly more likely in patients who were aged {\textgreater} 50 years, white, and female; had {\textgreater} \$39,000 income; lived in a medium-metro or noncore county; had comorbidities (anemia, hypertension); and had intracapsular fracture. THA or HA was significantly more likely in urban, privately owned hospitals with {\textgreater} 249 beds. Compared with no surgery, THA was significantly more likely in nonteaching hospitals, the Northeast region, and in private insurance or self-pay patients with moderate to severe fractures; HA was more likely in teaching hospitals, in the South and West, and in Medicare patients with minor fractures.
CONCLUSIONS: Similarities and differences in patient, clinical, and hospital factors associated with surgical treatments of hip fracture warrant the attention of providers and payers.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The American Journal of Managed Care},
	author = {Chopra, Ishveen and Kamal, Kahlid M. and Sankaranarayanan, Jayashri and Kanyongo, Gibbs},
	month = mar,
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Comorbidity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, hip fractures},
	pages = {e74--84}
}

@article{
 title = {An environmental scan of an aged care workplace using the PARiHS model: assessing preparedness for change},
 type = {article},
 year = {2013},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged, 80 and over,Focus Groups,Homes for the Aged/organization & administration/s,Humans,Models, Theoretical,Organizational Culture,Organizational Innovation,Patient Care Team,Workplace},
 pages = {293-303},
 volume = {21},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
 city = {Research and Development Unit, Helping Hand Aged Inc Care, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. hgibb@helpinghand.org.au},
 id = {3a4428f8-5de6-3767-8fb4-6836305e2b86},
 created = {2016-08-21T22:18:08.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {ID: 68477; CI: (c) 2012; JID: 9306050; 2012/06/14 [aheadofprint]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {cf78c658-6722-4a88-93c6-6a86fb55df05},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {AIM: The environmental scan aimed to deepen our understanding of the aged care work culture and to ascertain the readiness of the workers to advance towards team-based quality care provision. BACKGROUND: The workplace context was a high-care unit within a large residential aged care facility. METHODS: We used the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework to assess workplace readiness via interviews, individual surveys and observation of practice. RESULTS: A profile of current culture emerged as mutually supportive and task focused, but at the same time lacking corporate team features of shared decision-making and feedback for practice improvement. However, latent within the frontline leaders and personal care staff, there was evidence of some embedded knowledge and capacity for corporate team performance. CONCLUSIONS: This study has validated an evidence-based method for conducting environmental scanning in aged care, recommended before any major change is introduced. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Environmental scanning helps gauge workforce capacity and limitations; this information can enable managers to capitalize on identified cultural strengths to fortify change and avoid pitfalls of personal and collective vulnerabilities.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Gibb, H},
 journal = {Journal of nursing management},
 number = {2}
}

@article{lapi_androgen_2013,
	title = {Androgen deprivation therapy and risk of acute kidney injury in patients with prostate cancer},
	volume = {310},
	issn = {1538-3598},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2013.8638},
	abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer has been shown to delay the clinical progression of the disease. However, the testosterone suppression associated with this therapy may lead to a hypogonadal condition that can have detrimental effects on renal function, thus raising the hypothesis that ADT-induced hypogonadism could potentially lead to acute kidney injury (AKI).
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of ADT is associated with an increased risk of AKI in patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer.
DESIGN AND SETTING: A nested case-control analysis using medical information extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episodes Statistics database.
PARTICIPANTS: Men newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2008, were selected and followed up until December 31, 2009. Cases were patients with incident AKI during follow-up who were randomly matched with up to 20 controls on age, calendar year of prostate cancer diagnosis, and duration of follow-up.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95\% CIs of AKI associated with the use of ADT. ADT was categorized into 1 of 6 mutually exclusive groups: gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, oral antiandrogens, combined androgen blockade, bilateral orchiectomy, estrogens, and combination of the above. RESULTS A total of 10,250 patients met the study inclusion criteria. During a mean follow-up of 4.1 (SD, 2.9) years, 232 incident cases of AKI were identified (rate, 5.5/1000 person-years). Overall, current use of any ADT was associated with an increased risk of AKI when compared with never use (OR, 2.48 [95\% CI, 1.61-3.82]), generating a rate difference of 4.43/1000 persons per year (95\% CI, 1.54-7.33). This association was mainly driven by a combined androgen blockade consisting of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with oral antiandrogens (OR, 4.50 [95\% CI, 2.61-7.78]), estrogens (OR, 4.00 [95\% CI, 1.06-15.03]), other combination therapies (OR, 4.04 [95\% CI, 1.88-8.69]), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (OR, 1.93 [95\% CI, 1.20-3.10]).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic prostate cancer, the use of ADT was significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI. These findings require replication in other well-designed studies as well as further investigation of their clinical importance.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {JAMA},
	author = {Lapi, Francesco and Azoulay, Laurent and Niazi, M. Tamim and Yin, Hui and Benayoun, Serge and Suissa, Samy},
	month = jul,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23860987},
	keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Androgen Antagonists, Case-Control Studies, Estrogens, Follow-Up Studies, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Humans, Male, Odds Ratio, Orchiectomy, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk},
	pages = {289--296}
}

@article{becker_metformin_2013,
	title = {Metformin and the risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control analysis},
	volume = {129},
	issn = {1095-6859},
	shorttitle = {Metformin and the risk of endometrial cancer},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.03.009},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk of endometrial cancer in relation to metformin and other antidiabetic drugs.
METHODS: We conducted a case-control analysis to explore the association between use of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs and the risk of endometrial cancer using the UK-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Cases were women with an incident diagnosis of endometrial cancer, and up to 6 controls per case were matched in age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active history in the GPRD prior to the index date. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95\% confidence intervals (95\% CI) were calculated and results were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression analyses for BMI, smoking, a recorded diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and diabetes duration.
RESULTS: A total of 2554 cases with incident endometrial cancer and 15,324 matched controls were identified. Ever use of metformin compared to never use of metformin was not associated with an altered risk of endometrial cancer (adj. OR 0.86, 95\% CI 0.63-1.18). Stratified by exposure duration, neither long-term (≥25 prescriptions) use of metformin (adj. OR 0.79, 95\% CI 0.54-1.17), nor long-term use of sulfonylureas (adj. OR 0.96, 95\% CI 0.65-1.44), thiazolidinediones (≥15 prescriptions; adj. OR 1.22, 95\% CI 0.67-2.21), or insulin (adj. OR 1.05 (0.79-1.82) was associated with the risk of endometrial cancer.
CONCLUSION: Use of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs were not associated with an altered risk of endometrial cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Gynecologic Oncology},
	author = {Becker, Claudia and Jick, Susan S. and Meier, Christoph R. and Bodmer, Michael},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23523618},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Endometrial Neoplasms, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Logistic Models, Metformin, Middle Aged, incidence},
	pages = {565--569}
}

@article{gregson_analysis_2013,
	title = {Analysis of body composition in individuals with high bone mass reveals a marked increase in fat mass in women but not men},
	volume = {98},
	issn = {1945-7197},
	doi = {10.1210/jc.2012-3342},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: High bone mass (HBM), detected in 0.2\% of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, is characterized by raised body mass index, the basis for which is unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate why body mass index is elevated in individuals with HBM, we characterized body composition and examined whether differences could be explained by bone phenotypes, eg, bone mass and/or bone turnover.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a case-control study of 153 cases with unexplained HBM recruited from 4 UK centers by screening 219 088 DXA scans. A total of 138 first-degree relatives (of whom 51 had HBM) and 39 spouses were also recruited. Unaffected individuals served as controls.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured fat mass, by DXA, and bone turnover markers.
RESULTS: Among women, fat mass was inversely related to age in controls (P = .01), but not in HBM cases (P = .96) in whom mean fat mass was 8.9 [95\% CI 4.7, 13.0] kg higher compared with controls (fully adjusted mean difference, P {\textless} .001). Increased fat mass in male HBM cases was less marked (gender interaction P = .03). Compared with controls, lean mass was also increased in female HBM cases (by 3.3 [1.2, 5.4] kg; P {\textless} .002); however, lean mass increases were less marked than fat mass increases, resulting in 4.5\% lower percentage lean mass in HBM cases (P {\textless} .001). Osteocalcin was also lower in female HBM cases compared with controls (by 2.8 [0.1, 5.5] μg/L; P = .04). Differences in fat mass were fully attenuated after hip bone mineral density (BMD) adjustment (P = .52) but unchanged after adjustment for bone turnover (P {\textless} .001), whereas the greater hip BMD in female HBM cases was minimally attenuated by fat mass adjustment (P {\textless} .001).
CONCLUSIONS: HBM is characterized by a marked increase in fat mass in females, statistically explained by their greater BMD, but not by markers of bone turnover.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism},
	author = {Gregson, Celia L. and Paggiosi, Margaret A. and Crabtree, Nicola and Steel, Sue A. and McCloskey, Eugene and Duncan, Emma L. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A. and Fraser, William D. and Smith, George Davey and Tobias, Jon H.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23337721},
	pmcid = {PMC3589712},
	keywords = {Adipose Tissue, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, Case-Control Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteocalcin, Radiography, Sex Factors},
	pages = {818--828}
}

@article{kehoe_associations_2013,
	title = {Associations of angiotensin targeting antihypertensive drugs with mortality and hospitalization in primary care patients with dementia},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {1875-8908},
	doi = {10.3233/JAD-2012-121090},
	abstract = {We investigated whether angiotensin II receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were associated with risk of mortality or inpatient hospitalization for patients with dementia compared to other antihypertensive medications. We extracted a clinical cohort of 6,290 patients with dementia from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database, prescribed antihypertensive medication at diagnosis of dementia with around 10 years follow-up. Using survival analysis we estimated associations of exposure to antihypertensive medication with subsequent hospitalization and mortality risk, stratified by dementia type (Alzheimer's disease, vascular and other dementias). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (but not angiotensin II receptor blockers) were associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.19; 95\% CI 1.07, 1.33, p = 0.002), but no convincing evidence of increased hospitalization. Angiotensin II receptor blockers were inversely associated with hospitalization for any form of dementia, but after adjustment for covariates, these associations became consistent with chance. Further evidence is required to either support or refute the observation that exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with dementia is associated with increased mortality.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD},
	author = {Kehoe, Patrick Gavin and Davies, Neil Martin and Martin, Richard Michael and Ben-Shlomo, Yoav},
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23076074},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Antihypertensive Agents, Cohort Studies, Dementia, Drug Delivery Systems, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Primary Health Care},
	pages = {999--1008}
}

@article{brilleman_implications_2013,
	title = {Implications of comorbidity for primary care costs in the {UK}: a retrospective observational study},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1478-5242},
	shorttitle = {Implications of comorbidity for primary care costs in the {UK}},
	doi = {10.3399/bjgp13X665242},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Comorbidity is increasingly common in primary care. The cost implications for patient care and budgetary management are unclear.
AIM: To investigate whether caring for patients with specific disease combinations increases or decreases primary care costs compared with treating separate patients with one condition each.
DESIGN: Retrospective observational study using data on 86 100 patients in the General Practice Research Database.
METHOD: Annual primary care cost was estimated for each patient including consultations, medication, and investigations. Patients with comorbidity were defined as those with a current diagnosis of more than one chronic condition in the Quality and Outcomes Framework. Multiple regression modelling was used to identify, for three age groups, disease combinations that increase (cost-increasing) or decrease (cost-limiting) cost compared with treating each condition separately.
RESULTS: Twenty per cent of patients had at least two chronic conditions. All conditions were found to be both cost-increasing and cost-limiting when co-occurring with other conditions except dementia, which is only cost-limiting. Depression is the most important cost-increasing condition when co-occurring with a range of conditions. Hypertension is cost-limiting, particularly when co-occurring with other cardiovascular conditions.
CONCLUSION: Three categories of comorbidity emerge, those that are: cost-increasing, mainly due to a combination of depression with physical comorbidity; cost-limiting because treatment for the conditions overlap; and cost-limiting for no apparent reason but possibly because of inadequate care. These results can contribute to efficient and effective management of chronic conditions in primary care.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {609},
	journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
	author = {Brilleman, Samuel L. and Purdy, Sarah and Salisbury, Chris and Windmeijer, Frank and Gravelle, Hugh and Hollinghurst, Sandra},
	month = apr,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23540484},
	pmcid = {PMC3609475},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases, Comorbidity, Cost of Illness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Great Britain, Health Expenditures, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Primary Health Care, Retrospective Studies, depression},
	pages = {e274--282}
}

@article{becker_case-control_2013,
	title = {Case-control analysis on metformin and cancer of the esophagus},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1573-7225},
	doi = {10.1007/s10552-013-0253-6},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Metformin use has been associated with decreased cancer risks, though data on esophageal cancer are scarce. We explored the relation between use of metformin or other anti-diabetic drugs and the risk of esophageal cancer.
METHODS: We conducted a case-control analysis in the UK-based general practice research database (GPRD, now clinical practice research datalink, CPRD). Cases were individuals with an incident diagnosis of esophageal cancer between 1994 and 2010 at age 40-89 years. Ten controls per case were matched on age, sex, calendar time, general practice, and number of years of active history in the GPRD prior to the index date. Various potential confounders including diabetes mellitus, gastro-esophageal reflux, and use of proton-pump inhibitors were evaluated in univariate models, and the final results were adjusted for BMI and smoking. Results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 \% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS: Long-term use (≥30 prescriptions) of metformin was not associated with a materially altered risk of esophageal cancer (adj. OR 1.23, 95 \% CI 0.92-1.65), nor was long-term use of sulfonylureas (adj. OR 0.93, 95 \% CI 0.70-1.23), insulin (adj. OR 0.87, 95 \% CI 0.60-1.25), or of thiazolidinediones (adj. OR 0.71, 95 \% CI 0.37-1.36).
CONCLUSION: In our population-based study, use of metformin was not associated with an altered risk of esophageal cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Cancer causes \& control: CCC},
	author = {Becker, Claudia and Meier, Christoph R. and Jick, Susan S. and Bodmer, Michael},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23820930},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Esophageal Neoplasms, Great Britain, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Logistic Models, Metformin, Middle Aged, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1763--1770}
}

@article{tsang_cancer_2013,
	title = {Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in {England}: an observational study using the general practice research database},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1472-6963},
	shorttitle = {Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in {England}},
	doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-13-308},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with cancer by the emergency route often have more advanced diseases and poorer outcomes. Rates of cancer diagnosed through unplanned admissions vary within and between countries, suggesting potential inconsistencies in the quality of care. To reduce diagnoses by this route and improve patient outcomes, high risk patient groups must be identified. This cross-sectional observational study determined the incidence of first-ever diagnoses of cancer by emergency (unplanned) admission and identified patient-level risk factors for these diagnoses in England.
METHODS: Data for 74,763 randomly selected patients at 457 general practices between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), including integrated Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. The proportion of first-ever diagnoses by emergency admission out of all recorded first cancer diagnoses by any route was analysed by patient characteristics.
RESULTS: Diagnosis by emergency admission was recorded in 13.9\% of patients diagnosed with cancer for the first time (n = 817/5870). The incidence of first cases by the emergency route was 2.51 patients per 10,000 person years. In adjusted regression analyses, patients of older age (p {\textless} 0.0001), living in the most deprived areas (RR 1.93, 95\% CI 1.51 to 2.47; p {\textless} 0.0001) or who had a total Charlson score of 1 compared to 0 (RR 1.34, 95\% CI 1.06 to 1.69; p = 0.014) were most at risk of diagnosis by emergency admission. Patients with more prior (all-cause) emergency admissions were less at risk of subsequent diagnosis by the emergency route (RR 0.31 per prior emergency admission, 95\% CI 0.20 to 0.46; p {\textless} 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: A much lower incidence of first-ever cancer diagnoses by emergency admission was found compared with previous studies. Identified high risk groups may benefit from interventions to reduce delayed diagnosis. Further studies should include screening and cancer staging data to improve understanding of delayed or untimely diagnosis and patient care pathways.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC health services research},
	author = {Tsang, Carmen and Bottle, Alex and Majeed, Azeem and Aylin, Paul},
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23941140},
	pmcid = {PMC3751722},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Databases, Factual, Emergency Service, Hospital, England, Female, General Practice, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Patient Admission, Poisson Distribution, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
	pages = {308}
}

@article{looker_lumbar_2012-1,
	title = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area: {United} {States}, 2005-2008},
	issn = {0083-1980},
	shorttitle = {Lumbar spine and proximal femur bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and bone area},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This report presents bone measurement data from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and proximal femur for persons aged 8 years and over from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008.
METHODS: Means, standard deviations, and selected percentiles were calculated for the proximal femur and lumbar spine (total and subregions) by sex, race and ethnicity, and age. Smoothed mean total lumbar spine and femur neck bone mineral density (BMD) were plotted by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Multiple regression was used to test for significant interactions and to calculate mean total lumbar spine and femur neck BMD after adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Differences by sex, race and ethnicity, and age were summarized by calculating the percent difference in adjusted means.
RESULTS: Among scanned individuals, 11\% lacked total lumbar spine data due to invalid data for one or more lumbar vertebrae, and 4\% had invalid data for the proximal femur. Non-Hispanic black persons had 6\% higher total lumbar spine BMD and 9\%-10\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD and femur neck BMD did not differ between Mexican-American and non-Hispanic white persons in those under age 20. For those aged 20 and over, Mexican-American persons had 4\% lower total lumbar spine BMD but 1\% higher femur neck BMD than non-Hispanic white persons. Mean total lumbar spine BMD was 8\%-17\% higher in females aged 8-15 compared with males of the same age. In the age group 16-49, mean total lumbar spine BMD was similar or slightly higher for females compared with males, but after age 50 it was 60\%-15\% lower for females compared with males. Mean femur neck BMD was 5\%-13\% lower for females than males in all age groups except 12-15.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {251},
	journal = {Vital and Health Statistics. Series 11, Data from the National Health Survey},
	author = {Looker, Anne C. and Borrud, Lori G. and Hughes, Jeffery P. and Fan, Bo and Shepherd, John A. and Melton, L. Joseph},
	month = mar,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {24261130},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Child, Ethnic Groups, Female, Femur, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, United States, Young Adult},
	pages = {1--132}
}

@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
	title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
	volume = {167},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22564022},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
	pages = {598--605}
}

@article{fuchs_icu_2012,
	title = {{ICU} admission characteristics and mortality rates among elderly and very elderly patients},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {1432-1238},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-012-2629-6},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The effect of advanced age per se versus severity of chronic and acute diseases on the short- and long-term survival of older patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear.
METHODS: Intensive care unit admissions to the surgical ICU and medical ICU of patients older than 65 years were analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups: 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and above. The primary endpoints were 28-day and 1-year mortality.
RESULTS: The analysis focused on 7,265 patients above the age of 65, representing 45.7 \% of the total ICU population. From the first to third age group there was increased prevalence of heart failure (25.9-40.3 \%), cardiac arrhythmia (24.6-43.5 \%), and valvular heart disease (7.5-15.8 \%). There was reduced prevalence of diabetes complications (7.5-2.4 \%), alcohol abuse (4.1-0.6 \%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (24.4-17.4 \%), and liver failure (5.0-1.0 \%). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, sequential organ failure assessment, do not resuscitate, and Elixhauser score found that patients from the second and third age group had odds ratios of 1.38 [95 \% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.59] and 1.53 (95 \% CI 1.29-1.81) for 28-day mortality as compared with the first age group. Cox regression analysis for 1-year mortality in all populations and in 28-day survivors showed the same trend.
CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of elderly patients from the total ICU population is high. With advancing age, the proportion of various preexisting comorbidities and the primary reason for ICU admission change. Advanced age should be regarded as a significant independent risk factor for mortality, especially for ICU patients older than 75.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Fuchs, Lior and Chronaki, Catherine E. and Park, Shinhyuk and Novack, Victor and Baumfeld, Yael and Scott, Daniel and McLennan, Stuart and Talmor, Daniel and Celi, Leo},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22797350},
	pmcid = {PMC5718912},
	keywords = {Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Critical Care, Demography, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Admission, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis},
	pages = {1654--1661}
}

@article{kimura_clinical_2012,
	title = {Clinical characteristics of patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema compared to patients with pure polymyalgia rheumatica},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0315-162X},
	doi = {10.3899/jrheum.110558},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical features of patients with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) and patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and to explore the purported association between RS3PE and malignancy.
METHODS: We did a retrospective chart review of patients with RS3PE and PMR treated in a community-based hospital between January 2000 and December 2009. Outcomes assessed were clinical course of disease and associated malignancies.
RESULTS: We identified 28 patients with RS3PE and 123 with pure PMR. All patients with RS3PE fulfilled PMR criteria as well. Age, comorbidity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, duration and progression of symptoms, treatment response to initial low-dose steroids, and steroid complication rates were similar in both groups. Patients with RS3PE were more likely to be male (79\% vs 41\%; p = 0.001) and to have a history of smoking (39\% vs 15\%; p = 0.008) and a higher rate of depression (11\% vs 2\%; p = 0.044) at diagnosis. Among those with RS3PE, hip pain was less common (39\% vs 74\%; p = 0.001) than in the PMR group. No patients with RS3PE and 6 patients with pure PMR (4.9\%) developed another rheumatological disease during followup. Seven of 9 patients (78\%) with concurrent cancer presented slightly more frequently with systemic symptoms compared to patients without cancer (48\%; p = 0.098), especially with fatigue (56\% vs 22\%; p = 0.037) and anorexia (33\% vs 9.0\%; p = 0.047). Despite rigorous cancer screening in patients with RS3PE, however, the rate of associated malignancy was not statistically different from that of patients with pure PMR [2 (7\%) vs 7 (6\%), respectively; p = 0.673].
CONCLUSION: Despite evidence that RS3PE is clinically distinct from PMR, we observed characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes like those expected in pure PMR. Compared to patients with pure PMR, patients with RS3PE are more likely to be male, to be depressed, and to smoke. Contrary to earlier studies, no clear association of RS3PE with malignancy was found despite rigorous cancer screening, although clinicians should be aware that patients with concurrent cancer may manifest more systemic signs and symptoms, as well as steroid resistance.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Journal of Rheumatology},
	author = {Kimura, Makiko and Tokuda, Yasuharu and Oshiawa, Hideto and Yoshida, Kazuki and Utsunomiya, Masako and Kobayashi, Tatsuo and Deshpande, Gautam A. and Matsui, Kazuo and Kishimoto, Mitsumasa},
	month = jan,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22174210},
	keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Diagnosis, Differential, Disease Progression, Edema, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Retrospective Studies, Synovitis},
	pages = {148--153}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Poor 1-year survival in elderly patients undergoing nonelective colorectal resection.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Colectomy,Colectomy: mortality,Fecal Incontinence,Fecal Incontinence: etiology,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Germany,Hospitals, Community,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Postoperative Complications,Rectal Fistula,Rectal Fistula: mortality,Rectal Fistula: surgery,Reoperation,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome,Young Adult},
 pages = {788-96},
 volume = {55},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706132},
 month = {7},
 id = {44cbf07f-e611-36ee-9a91-0db0119c9971},
 created = {2014-10-14T09:23:25.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-10-13},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {341834ae-df6e-3305-9ea5-95d94ce15292},
 group_id = {62784a9e-1455-39bf-ae63-5ef2a147689e},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T15:15:44.505Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colorectal resection in elderly patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in an emergency setting.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to quantify the risks associated with nonelective colorectal resection up to 1 year after surgery in elderly patients.

DESIGN: This is a population-based observational study.

SETTING: Data were obtained from the Hospital Episode Statistics database.

POPULATION: All patients aged 70 years and older who underwent a nonelective colorectal resection in an English National Health Service Trust hospital between April 2001 and March 2008 were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : The primary outcomes measured were 30-day in hospital mortality, 365-day mortality, unplanned readmission within 28 days of discharge, and duration of hospital stay.

RESULTS: During the study period, 36,767 nonelective colorectal resections were performed in patients aged ≥ 70 years in England. Patients were classified into 3 age groups: A (70-75 years), B (76-80 years), and C (>80 years). Thirty-day mortality was 17.0%, 23.3%, and 31.0% in groups A, B, and C (p < 0.001). The overall 30-day medical complication rate was 33.7%, and the reoperation rate was 6.3%. Cardiac and respiratory complications were significantly higher in group C (22.2% and 18.2%, p < 0.001). Mortality in Group C was 51.2% at 1-year postsurgery. Advanced age was an independent determinant of mortality in risk-adjusted regression analyses.

LIMITATIONS: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospective database. Stage of disease at presentation, severity of complications, and cause of death cannot be ascertained from this database.

CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based study, half of all English patients aged over 80 years undergoing nonelective colorectal resection died within 1 year of surgery. Further research is required to identify perioperative and postdischarge strategies that may improve survival in this vulnerable cohort.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mamidanna, Ravikrishna and Eid-Arimoku, Lola and Almoudaris, Alex M and Burns, Elaine M and Bottle, Alex and Aylin, Paul and Hanna, George B and Faiz, Omar},
 journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
 number = {7}
}

@article{vos_years_2012,
	title = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: {A} systematic analysis for the {Global} {Burden} of {Disease} {Study} 2010.},
	volume = {380},
	issn = {1474-547X},
	shorttitle = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).
METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.
FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.
INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.
FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {9859},
	journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
	author = {Vos, Theo and Flaxman, Abraham D. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Lozano, Rafael and Michaud, Catherine and Ezzati, Majid and Shibuya, Kenji and Salomon, Joshua A. and Abdalla, Safa and Aboyans, Victor and Abraham, Jerry and Ackerman, Ilana and Aggarwal, Rakesh and Ahn, Stephanie Y. and Ali, Mohammed K. and Alvarado, Miriam and Anderson, H. Ross and Anderson, Laurie M. and Andrews, Kathryn G. and Atkinson, Charles and Baddour, Larry M. and Bahalim, Adil N. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Barrero, Lope H. and Bartels, David H. and Basáñez, Maria-Gloria and Baxter, Amanda and Bell, Michelle L. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Bennett, Derrick and Bernabé, Eduardo and Bhalla, Kavi and Bhandari, Bishal and Bikbov, Boris and Bin Abdulhak, Aref and Birbeck, Gretchen and Black, James A. and Blencowe, Hannah and Blore, Jed D. and Blyth, Fiona and Bolliger, Ian and Bonaventure, Audrey and Boufous, Soufiane and Bourne, Rupert and Boussinesq, Michel and Braithwaite, Tasanee and Brayne, Carol and Bridgett, Lisa and Brooker, Simon and Brooks, Peter and Brugha, Traolach S. and Bryan-Hancock, Claire and Bucello, Chiara and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Buckle, Geoffrey and Budke, Christine M. and Burch, Michael and Burney, Peter and Burstein, Roy and Calabria, Bianca and Campbell, Benjamin and Canter, Charles E. and Carabin, Hélène and Carapetis, Jonathan and Carmona, Loreto and Cella, Claudia and Charlson, Fiona and Chen, Honglei and Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann and Chou, David and Chugh, Sumeet S. and Coffeng, Luc E. and Colan, Steven D. and Colquhoun, Samantha and Colson, K. Ellicott and Condon, John and Connor, Myles D. and Cooper, Leslie T. and Corriere, Matthew and Cortinovis, Monica and de Vaccaro, Karen Courville and Couser, William and Cowie, Benjamin C. and Criqui, Michael H. and Cross, Marita and Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. and Dahiya, Manu and Dahodwala, Nabila and Damsere-Derry, James and Danaei, Goodarz and Davis, Adrian and De Leo, Diego and Degenhardt, Louisa and Dellavalle, Robert and Delossantos, Allyne and Denenberg, Julie and Derrett, Sarah and Des Jarlais, Don C. and Dharmaratne, Samath D. and Dherani, Mukesh and Diaz-Torne, Cesar and Dolk, Helen and Dorsey, E. Ray and Driscoll, Tim and Duber, Herbert and Ebel, Beth and Edmond, Karen and Elbaz, Alexis and Ali, Suad Eltahir and Erskine, Holly and Erwin, Patricia J. and Espindola, Patricia and Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E. and Farzadfar, Farshad and Feigin, Valery and Felson, David T. and Ferrari, Alize and Ferri, Cleusa P. and Fèvre, Eric M. and Finucane, Mariel M. and Flaxman, Seth and Flood, Louise and Foreman, Kyle and Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. and Fowkes, Francis Gerry R. and Franklin, Richard and Fransen, Marlene and Freeman, Michael K. and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gabriel, Sherine E. and Gakidou, Emmanuela and Ganatra, Hammad A. and Garcia, Bianca and Gaspari, Flavio and Gillum, Richard F. and Gmel, Gerhard and Gosselin, Richard and Grainger, Rebecca and Groeger, Justina and Guillemin, Francis and Gunnell, David and Gupta, Ramyani and Haagsma, Juanita and Hagan, Holly and Halasa, Yara A. and Hall, Wayne and Haring, Diana and Haro, Josep Maria and Harrison, James E. and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hay, Roderick J. and Higashi, Hideki and Hill, Catherine and Hoen, Bruno and Hoffman, Howard and Hotez, Peter J. and Hoy, Damian and Huang, John J. and Ibeanusi, Sydney E. and Jacobsen, Kathryn H. and James, Spencer L. and Jarvis, Deborah and Jasrasaria, Rashmi and Jayaraman, Sudha and Johns, Nicole and Jonas, Jost B. and Karthikeyan, Ganesan and Kassebaum, Nicholas and Kawakami, Norito and Keren, Andre and Khoo, Jon-Paul and King, Charles H. and Knowlton, Lisa Marie and Kobusingye, Olive and Koranteng, Adofo and Krishnamurthi, Rita and Lalloo, Ratilal and Laslett, Laura L. and Lathlean, Tim and Leasher, Janet L. and Lee, Yong Yi and Leigh, James and Lim, Stephen S. and Limb, Elizabeth and Lin, John Kent and Lipnick, Michael and Lipshultz, Steven E. and Liu, Wei and Loane, Maria and Ohno, Summer Lockett and Lyons, Ronan and Ma, Jixiang and Mabweijano, Jacqueline and MacIntyre, Michael F. and Malekzadeh, Reza and Mallinger, Leslie and Manivannan, Sivabalan and Marcenes, Wagner and March, Lyn and Margolis, David J. and Marks, Guy B. and Marks, Robin and Matsumori, Akira and Matzopoulos, Richard and Mayosi, Bongani M. and McAnulty, John H. and McDermott, Mary M. and McGill, Neil and McGrath, John and Medina-Mora, Maria Elena and Meltzer, Michele and Mensah, George A. and Merriman, Tony R. and Meyer, Ana-Claire and Miglioli, Valeria and Miller, Matthew and Miller, Ted R. and Mitchell, Philip B. and Mocumbi, Ana Olga and Moffitt, Terrie E. and Mokdad, Ali A. and Monasta, Lorenzo and Montico, Marcella and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moran, Andrew and Morawska, Lidia and Mori, Rintaro and Murdoch, Michele E. and Mwaniki, Michael K. and Naidoo, Kovin and Nair, M. Nathan and Naldi, Luigi and Narayan, K. M. Venkat and Nelson, Paul K. and Nelson, Robert G. and Nevitt, Michael C. and Newton, Charles R. and Nolte, Sandra and Norman, Paul and Norman, Rosana and O'Donnell, Martin and O'Hanlon, Simon and Olives, Casey and Omer, Saad B. and Ortblad, Katrina and Osborne, Richard and Ozgediz, Doruk and Page, Andrew and Pahari, Bishnu and Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai and Rivero, Andrea Panozo and Patten, Scott B. and Pearce, Neil and Padilla, Rogelio Perez and Perez-Ruiz, Fernando and Perico, Norberto and Pesudovs, Konrad and Phillips, David and Phillips, Michael R. and Pierce, Kelsey and Pion, Sébastien and Polanczyk, Guilherme V. and Polinder, Suzanne and Pope, C. Arden and Popova, Svetlana and Porrini, Esteban and Pourmalek, Farshad and Prince, Martin and Pullan, Rachel L. and Ramaiah, Kapa D. and Ranganathan, Dharani and Razavi, Homie and Regan, Mathilda and Rehm, Jürgen T. and Rein, David B. and Remuzzi, Guiseppe and Richardson, Kathryn and Rivara, Frederick P. and Roberts, Thomas and Robinson, Carolyn and De Leòn, Felipe Rodriguez and Ronfani, Luca and Room, Robin and Rosenfeld, Lisa C. and Rushton, Lesley and Sacco, Ralph L. and Saha, Sukanta and Sampson, Uchechukwu and Sanchez-Riera, Lidia and Sanman, Ella and Schwebel, David C. and Scott, James Graham and Segui-Gomez, Maria and Shahraz, Saeid and Shepard, Donald S. and Shin, Hwashin and Shivakoti, Rupak and Singh, David and Singh, Gitanjali M. and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Singleton, Jessica and Sleet, David A. and Sliwa, Karen and Smith, Emma and Smith, Jennifer L. and Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. and Steer, Andrew and Steiner, Timothy and Stolk, Wilma A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Sudfeld, Christopher and Syed, Sana and Tamburlini, Giorgio and Tavakkoli, Mohammad and Taylor, Hugh R. and Taylor, Jennifer A. and Taylor, William J. and Thomas, Bernadette and Thomson, W. Murray and Thurston, George D. and Tleyjeh, Imad M. and Tonelli, Marcello and Towbin, Jeffrey A. and Truelsen, Thomas and Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K. and Ubeda, Clotilde and Undurraga, Eduardo A. and van der Werf, Marieke J. and van Os, Jim and Vavilala, Monica S. and Venketasubramanian, N. and Wang, Mengru and Wang, Wenzhi and Watt, Kerrianne and Weatherall, David J. and Weinstock, Martin A. and Weintraub, Robert and Weisskopf, Marc G. and Weissman, Myrna M. and White, Richard A. and Whiteford, Harvey and Wiersma, Steven T. and Wilkinson, James D. and Williams, Hywel C. and Williams, Sean R. M. and Witt, Emma and Wolfe, Frederick and Woolf, Anthony D. and Wulf, Sarah and Yeh, Pon-Hsiu and Zaidi, Anita K. M. and Zheng, Zhi-Jie and Zonies, David and Lopez, Alan D. and Murray, Christopher J. L. and AlMazroa, Mohammad A. and Memish, Ziad A.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23245607},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Sex Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
	pages = {2163--2196},
}

@article{kim_implications_2012,
	title = {The implications of hospital acquired adverse events on mortality, length of stay and costs for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer},
	volume = {187},
	issn = {1527-3792},
	doi = {10.1016/j.juro.2012.01.077},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The incidence of hospital acquired adverse events in radical cystectomy and their implications for hospital outcomes and costs remain poorly described. We describe the incidence of hospital acquired adverse events in radical cystectomy, and characterize its relationship with in-hospital mortality, length of stay and hospitalization costs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 10,856 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer at 1,175 hospitals in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2001 to 2008. We used hospital claims to identify adverse events for accidental puncture, decubitus ulcer, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, surgical site infection and sepsis. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equation models were used to test the associations of hospital acquired adverse events with mortality, predicted prolonged length of stay and total hospitalization costs.
RESULTS: Hospital acquired adverse events occurred in 11.3\% of all patients undergoing radical cystectomy (1,228). Adverse events were associated with a higher odds of in-hospital death (OR 8.07, p{\textless}0.001), adjusted prolonged length of stay (41.3\%) and total costs (\$54,242 vs \$26,306; p{\textless}0.001) compared to no adverse events on multivariate analysis. The incremental total costs attributable to hospital acquired adverse events were \$43.8 million. Postoperative sepsis was associated with the highest risk of mortality (OR 17.56, p{\textless}0.001), predicted prolonged length of stay (62.22\%) and adjusted total cost (\$79,613).
CONCLUSIONS: With hospital acquired adverse events occurring in approximately 11\% of radical cystectomy cases, they pose a significant risk of in-hospital mortality and higher hospitalization costs. Therefore, increased attention is needed to reduce adverse events by improving patient safety, while understanding the economic implications for tertiary referral centers with possible policy changes such as denial of payment for hospital acquired adverse events.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {The Journal of Urology},
	author = {Kim, Simon P. and Shah, Nilay D. and Karnes, R. Jeffrey and Weight, Christopher J. and Frank, Igor and Moriarty, James P. and Han, Leona C. and Borah, Bijan and Tollefson, Matthew K. and Boorjian, Stephen A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22498229},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cystectomy, Female, Hospital Costs, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms},
	pages = {2011--2017}
}

@article{looker_osteoporosis_2012,
	title = {Osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femur neck or lumbar spine in older adults: {United} {States}, 2005-2008},
	issn = {1941-4927},
	shorttitle = {Osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femur neck or lumbar spine in older adults},
	abstract = {Nine percent of adults over age 50 years had osteoporosis at either the femur neck or lumbar spine and roughly one-half had low bone mass at either of these two skeletal sites. Having osteoporosis raises the risk of experiencing fractures (1,2). The prevalence of osteoporosis or low bone mass at either the femur neck or lumbar spine was not the same as the prevalence of these conditions when the two skeletal sites were considered separately because some individuals had these conditions at one of the skeletal sites but not the other. The prevalence of osteoporosis or low bone mass differed by age, sex, and race and ethnicity. The prevalence was higher in women and increased with age. Differences by race and ethnicity varied depending on sex and skeletal status category, but when compared with non-Hispanic white persons, Mexican-American persons, and persons of other races tended to be at higher risk, and non-Hispanic black persons tended to be at lower risk of either osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femur neck or lumbar spine.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {93},
	journal = {NCHS data brief},
	author = {Looker, Anne C. and Borrud, Lori G. and Dawson-Hughes, Bess and Shepherd, John A. and Wright, Nicole C.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22617299},
	keywords = {Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Bone Diseases, Metabolic, Continental Population Groups, Female, Femur Neck, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, United States},
	pages = {1--8}
}

@article{ mcelhaney_influenza_2011,
  title = {Influenza vaccine responses in older adults},
  volume = {10},
  issn = {1872-9649},
  doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2010.10.008},
  abstract = {The most profound consequences of immune senescence with respect to public health are the increased susceptibility to influenza and loss of efficacy of the current split-virus influenza vaccines in older adults, which are otherwise very effective in younger populations. Influenza infection is associated with high rates of complicated illness including pneumonia, heart attacks and strokes in the 65+ population. Changes in both innate and adaptive immune function not only converge in the reduced response to vaccination and protection against influenza, but present significant challenges to new vaccine development. In older adults, the goal of vaccination is more realistically targeted to providing clinical protection against disease rather sterilizing immunity. Correlates of clinical protection may not be measured using standard techniques such as antibody titres to predict vaccine efficacy. Further, antibody responses to vaccination as a correlate of protection may fail to detect important changes in cellular immunity and enhanced vaccine-mediated protection against influenza illness in older people. This article will discuss the impact of influenza in older adults, immunologic targets for improved efficacy of the vaccines, and alternative correlates of clinical protection against influenza that are needed for more effective translation of novel vaccination strategies to improved protection against influenza in older adults.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {3},
  journal = {Ageing Research Reviews},
  author = {McElhaney, Janet E.},
  month = {July},
  year = {2011},
  pmid = {21055484},
  pmcid = {PMC3061971},
  keywords = {Adaptive Immunity, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, T-Lymphocytes, Treatment Outcome},
  pages = {379--388}
}

@article{humes_concurrent_2011,
	title = {Concurrent drug use and the risk of perforated colonic diverticular disease: a population-based case-control study},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {1468-3288},
	shorttitle = {Concurrent drug use and the risk of perforated colonic diverticular disease},
	doi = {10.1136/gut.2010.217281},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of diverticular perforation associated with current and ever use of corticosteroids, opiate analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, statins and calcium antagonists.
DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Case-control analysis using conditional logistic regression analysis of data from the UK General Practice Research Database. The study involved 899 cases of incident diverticular perforation and 8980 population controls from 1990 to 2005.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) are presented for perforation associated with use of corticosteroids, opiate analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, statins and calcium antagonists. Data were adjusted for smoking, comorbidity, prior abdominal pain and body mass index.
RESULTS: A total of 899 patients with an incident diagnosis of perforated diverticular disease were identified. Current use of opiate analgesics (OR=2.16; 95\% CI 1.55 to 3.01) and oral corticosteroids (OR=2.74; 95\% CI 1.63 to 4.61) was associated with a two- and threefold increase in the risk of diverticular perforation, respectively. Current use of a calcium antagonist and aspirin were not associated with an increased risk of diverticular perforation. Current statin use was associated with a reduction in the risk of perforation (OR=0.44; 95\% CI 0.20 to 0.95).
CONCLUSION: Perforated diverticular disease is a serious surgical emergency with current opiate analgesics and oral corticosteroids being strongly associated with an increased risk of diverticular perforation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Gut},
	author = {Humes, David J. and Fleming, Kate M. and Spiller, Robin C. and West, Joe},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {20940283},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cardiovascular Agents, Comorbidity, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Diverticulum, Colon, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Glucocorticoids, Great Britain, Humans, Intestinal Perforation, Male, Middle Aged},
	pages = {219--224}
}

@article{filion_thiazolidinediones_2011,
	title = {Thiazolidinediones and the risk of incident congestive heart failure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.2165},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Clinical trials suggest that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) may increase the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF). However, their effect on the risk of incident CHF in unselected populations has not been thoroughly investigated.
METHODS: Using data from the UK's General Practice Research Database, we conducted a case-control study within a population-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Cases were identified by a clinical diagnosis of incident CHF and were then classified as possible or probable cases using prescription data. A 90-day drug exposure window was used in the primary analysis, which compared patients prescribed TZDs with those with no prescriptions for anti-diabetic medications.
RESULTS: We identified 3405 incident cases (2632 probable and 773 possible) of CHF and 32,042 corresponding controls. TZDs were prescribed in 6.4\% of cases and 6.3\% of controls. Prescription of TZDs was associated with an increased rate of possible or probable CHF (adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 1.24, 95\% CI = 1.01, 1.54 and adjusted RR = 1.24, 95\% CI = 0.98, 1.58, respectively). Similar results were obtained when using a 180-day exposure window (RR = 1.38, 95\% CI = 1.11, 1.72 and RR = 1.44, 95\% CI = 1.12, 1.84, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: Given the totality of the evidence from this and previous studies, the probability of an increased risk for CHF with these agents remains high. However, any increase in CHF risk associated with TZDs may be lower than previously reported.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Filion, Kristian B. and Joseph, Lawrence and Boivin, Jean-François and Suissa, Samy and Brophy, James M.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21671441},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Databases, Factual, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Great Britain, Heart Failure, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, Thiazolidinediones},
	pages = {785--796}
}

@article{vinogradova_exposure_2011,
	title = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer: nested case-control studies},
	volume = {105},
	issn = {1532-1827},
	shorttitle = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer},
	doi = {10.1038/bjc.2011.252},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors are widely used as analgesics and it is unclear whether its long-term use affects cancer risk.
METHODS: A series of nested case-control studies using the QResearch primary care database. Associations of COX2 inhibitor use with risk of all cancers and 10 common site-specific cancers were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and statins.
RESULTS: A total of 88,125 cancers, diagnosed between 1998 and 2008, matched with up to five controls, were analysed. Use of COX2 inhibitors for more than a year was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.42) and haematological malignancies (OR 1.38, 95\% CI 1.12-1.69) and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 0.76, 95\% CI 0.63-0.92). There were no other significant associations.
CONCLUSION: Prolonged use of COX2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of breast and haematological cancers and decreased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings need to be confirmed using other data sources.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	author = {Vinogradova, Y. and Coupland, C. and Hippisley-Cox, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21750557},
	pmcid = {PMC3172909},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors},
	pages = {452--459}
}

@article{kuy_age_2011,
	title = {Age matters: a study of clinical and economic outcomes following cholecystectomy in elderly {Americans}},
	volume = {201},
	issn = {1879-1883},
	shorttitle = {Age matters},
	doi = {10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.04.018},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease increases with age. The aims of this study were to measure short-term outcomes from cholecystectomy in hospitalized elderly patients, assess the effect of age, and identify predictors of outcomes.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis, using the Health Care Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999-2006), of elderly patients (aged 65-79 and ≥80 years) and a comparison group (aged 50-64 years) hospitalized for cholecystectomy. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate age and outcome relationships. Main outcomes were in-hospital mortality, complications, discharge disposition, mean length of stay, and cost.
RESULTS: A total of 149,855 patients aged 65 to 79 years, 62,561 patients aged ≥ 80 years, and 145,675 subjects aged 50 to 64 years were included. Elderly patients had multiple biliary diagnoses and longer times to surgery from admission and underwent more open procedures. Patients aged 65 to 79 years and those aged ≥80 years had higher adjusted odds of mortality (odds ratios [ORs], 2.36 and 5.91, respectively), complications (ORs, 1.57 and 2.39), nonroutine discharge (ORs, 3.02 and 10.76), longer length of stay (ORs, 1.11 and 1.31), and higher cost (ORs, 1.09 and 1.22) than younger patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients undergoing inpatient cholecystectomy have complex disease, with worse outcomes. Longer time from admission to surgery predicts poor outcome.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {6},
	journal = {American Journal of Surgery},
	author = {Kuy, Sreyram and Sosa, Julie Ann and Roman, Sanziana A. and Desai, Rani and Rosenthal, Ronnie A.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholecystectomy, Cost of Illness, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gallbladder Diseases, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Survival Rate, United States},
	pages = {789--796}
}

@article{holtzer_cognitive_2011,
	title = {Cognitive fatigue defined in the context of attention networks},
	volume = {18},
	issn = {1744-4128},
	doi = {10.1080/13825585.2010.517826},
	abstract = {We examined the effect of cognitive fatigue on the Attention Networks Test (ANT). Participants were 228 non-demented older adults. Cognitive fatigue was operationally defined as decline in alerting, orienting, and executive attention performance over the course of the ANT. Anchored in a theoretical model implicating the frontal basal ganglia circuitry as the core substrate of fatigue, we hypothesized that cognitive fatigue would be observed only in executive attention. Consistent with our prediction, significant cognitive fatigue effect was observed in executive attention but not in alerting or orienting. In contrast, orienting improved over the course of the ANT and alerting showed a trend, though insignificant, that was consistent with learning. Cognitive fatigue is conceptualized as an executive failure to maintain and optimize performance over acute but sustained cognitive effort resulting in performance that is lower and more variable than the individual's optimal ability.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition},
	author = {Holtzer, Roee and Shuman, Melissa and Mahoney, Jeannette R and Lipton, Richard and Verghese, Joe},
	month = jan,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21128132},
	pmcid = {PMC3058923},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arousal, Attention, Cognition Disorders, Executive Function, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index},
	pages = {108--128}
}

@article{gallagher_risks_2011,
	title = {Risks of stroke and mortality associated with suboptimal anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients},
	volume = {106},
	issn = {0340-6245},
	doi = {10.1160/TH11-05-0353},
	abstract = {Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, and oral anticoagulation with warfarin can reduce this risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between time in therapeutic International Normalised Ratio (INR) range when receiving warfarin and the risk of stroke and mortality. The study cohort included AF patients aged 40 years and older included in the UK General Practice Research Database. For patients treated with warfarin we computed the percentage of follow-up time spent within therapeutic range. Cox regression was used to assess the association between INR and outcomes while controlling for patient demographics, health status and concomitant medication. The study population included 27,458 warfarin-treated (with at least 3 INR measurements) and 10,449 patients not treated with antithrombotic therapy. Overall the warfarin users spent 63\% of their time within therapeutic range (TTR). This percentage did not vary substantially by age, sex and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients who spent at least 70\% of time within therapeutic range had a 79\% reduced risk of stroke compared to patients with ≤30\% of time in range (adjusted relative rate of 0.21; 95\% confidence interval 0.18-0.25). Mortality rates were also significantly lower with at least 70\% of time spent within therapeutic range. In conclusion, good anticoagulation control was associated with a reduction in the risk of stroke.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Thrombosis and Haemostasis},
	author = {Gallagher, A. M. and Setakis, E. and Plumb, J. M. and Clemens, A. and van Staa, T.-P.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21901239},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Coagulation, Drug Monitoring, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Warfarin, databases as topic, stroke},
	pages = {968--977}
}

@article{miller_long-term_2011,
	title = {Long-term use of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1178-2005},
	doi = {10.2147/COPD.S14247},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Some large population-based studies have reported a dose-related increased risk of cataracts and glaucoma associated with use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the association between use of ICS-containing products, specifically fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination (FSC), and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among patients with COPD in a large electronic medical record database in the United Kingdom.
METHODS: We identified a cohort of patients aged 45 years and over with COPD in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) between 2003 and 2006. Cases of incident cataracts or glaucoma were defined based on diagnosis and procedure codes and matched to controls from the risk set to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI). The association with FSC or ICS exposure was modeled using conditional logistic regression. Medication exposure was assessed with respect to recency, duration, and number of prescriptions prior to the index date. Average daily dose was defined as none, low (1-250 mcg), medium (251-500 mcg), high (501-1000 mcg), or very high (1001+ mcg) using fluticasone propionate (FP) equivalents.
RESULTS: We identified 2941 incident cataract cases and 327 incident glaucoma cases in the COPD cohort (n = 53,191). FSC or ICS prescriptions were not associated with risk of incident cataracts or glaucoma for any exposure category, after adjusting for confounders. We observed a lack of a dose response in all analyses, where low dose was the reference group. The odds of cataracts associated with FSC dose were medium OR: 1.1 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.4); high OR: 1.2 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.5); and very high OR: 1.2 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.7). The odds of glaucoma associated with FSC dose: medium OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.5-2.1); high OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.5-2.0); and very high OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.4-2.8).
CONCLUSIONS: FSC or other ICS exposure was not associated with an increased odds of cataracts or glaucoma, nor was a dose-response relationship observed in this population-based nested case-control study of COPD patients in the United Kingdom.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
	author = {Miller, David P. and Watkins, Stephanie E. and Sampson, Tim and Davis, Kourtney J.},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22003292},
	pmcid = {PMC3186745},
	keywords = {Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Albuterol, Androstadienes, Bronchodilator Agents, Case-Control Studies, Cataract, Databases, Factual, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Combinations, Female, General Practice, Glaucoma, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, cataracts, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, incidence, inhaled corticosteroids},
	pages = {467--476}
}

@article{ cao_improving_2011,
  title = {Improving immunogenicity and effectiveness of influenza vaccine in older adults},
  volume = {10},
  issn = {1744-8395},
  doi = {10.1586/erv.11.137},
  abstract = {Aging is associated with a decline in immune function (immunosenescence) that leads to progressive deterioration in both innate and adaptive immune functions. These changes contribute to the subsequent increased risk for infectious diseases and their sequelae. Vaccination is the most effective and inexpensive public health strategy for prevention of infection, despite the decreased efficacy of vaccines in older adults due to immunosenescence. The rapid rise in the older adult population globally represents a great challenge for vaccination programs. This article first addresses the status of innate and adaptive immune functions in aging and then focuses on influenza vaccine. The development history of influenza vaccines, current status, and potential strategies to improve the immunogenicity and vaccine effectiveness in older adults are discussed.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {11},
  journal = {Expert Review of Vaccines},
  author = {Cao, Weiping and Kim, Jin Hyang and Chirkova, Tatiana and Reber, Adrian J. and Biber, Renata and Shay, David K. and Sambhara, Suryaprakash},
  month = {November},
  year = {2011},
  pmid = {22043953},
  keywords = {Adaptive Immunity, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Drug Discovery, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human},
  pages = {1529--1537}
}

@article{walker_identification_2011,
	title = {Identification of esophageal cancer in the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1099-1557},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.2249},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies based on the first appearance of a code for esophageal cancer in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) have yielded conflicting results concerning the relationship between disease onset and prior bisphosphonate use. The literature on the timing of cancer code appearance in general practice records is scanty but suggests that there may be substantial error by comparison with actual dates of clinical onset.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of codes for esophageal cancer in the GPRD and to determine whether it was possible to infer clinical date of onset.
METHODS: A reviewer adjudicated the records of women with codes for esophageal cancer from 1996 to 2008 by using chronological GPRD listings of codes for diagnoses, services, and tests. GPRD staff sought reviews by the general practices for 75 women whom the reviewer classified as having esophageal cancer and 25 classified as not having the condition.
RESULTS: Essentially all cases bearing a code for the condition had esophageal cancer. Where data were available to permit dating of clinical onset (75\% of cases), the result agreed with the date recorded in the clinical record to within 60 days in 89\% of cases. The remaining 25\% of cases had little or no clinical information and could not be dated. Clinical onset preceded the first appearance of a cancer code by more than 6 months in 10\% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: The accurate timing of clinical onset and diagnosis in the GPRD, at least of esophageal cancer in women, may require the review of clinical records or future linkage to cancer registries.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Walker, Alexander M.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21928362},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Coding, Databases, Factual, Epidemiologic Studies, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Gastrointestinal Tract, General Practice, Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Primary Health Care, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Software},
	pages = {1159--1167}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_individualising_2010,
	title = {Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in {England} and {Wales}: population-based cohort study},
	volume = {96},
	issn = {1468-201X},
	shorttitle = {Individualising the risks of statins in men and women in {England} and {Wales}},
	doi = {10.1136/hrt.2010.199034},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To derive and validate risk algorithms so that the risks of four clinical outcomes associated with statin use can be estimated for individual patients.
DESIGN: Prospective open cohort study using routinely collected data from 368 QResearch general practices in England and Wales to develop the scores. The scores were validated using two separate sets of practices-188 separate QResearch practices and 364 practices contributing to the THIN database.
SUBJECTS: In the QResearch derivation cohort 225 922 new users of statins and 1 778 770 non-users of statins were studied. In the QResearch validation cohort 118 372 statin users and 877 812 non-users of statins were studied. In the THIN validation cohort, we studied 282 056 statin users and 1 923 840 non-users of statins were studied.
METHODS: Cox proportional hazards models in the derivation cohort to derive risk equations. Measures of calibration and discrimination in both validation cohorts.
OUTCOMES: 5-Year risk of moderate/serious myopathic events; moderate/serious liver dysfunction; acute renal failure and cataract.
RESULTS: The performance of three of the risk prediction algorithms in the THIN cohort was very good. For example, in women, the algorithm for moderate/serious myopathy explained 42.15\% of the variation. The corresponding D statistics was 1.75. The acute renal failure algorithm explained 59.62\% of the variation (D statistic=2.49). The cataract algorithm explained 59.14\% of the variation (D statistic=2.46). The algorithms to predict moderate/severe liver dysfunction only explained 15.55\% of the variation (D statistics=0.89). The performance of each algorithm was similar for both sexes when tested on the QResearch validation cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: The algorithms to predict acute renal failure, moderate/serious myopathy and cataract could be used to identify patients at increased risk of these adverse effects enabling patients to be monitored more closely. Further research is needed to develop a better algorithm to predict liver dysfunction.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Heart (British Cardiac Society)},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Coupland, Carol},
	month = jun,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20489220},
	keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Body Mass Index, Cataract, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, England, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Male, Middle Aged, Muscular Diseases, Wales},
	pages = {939--947}
}

@article{fan_does_2010,
	title = {Does standardized {BMD} still remove differences between {Hologic} and {GE}-{Lunar} state-of-the-art {DXA} systems?},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1433-2965},
	doi = {10.1007/s00198-009-1062-3},
	abstract = {The standardized bone mineral density (sBMD) values, derived using universal standardized equations, were shown to be equivalent within 1.0\% for hip but significantly different for spine for state-of-art fan-beam dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Hologic and GE-Lunar systems. Spine L1-L4 and L2-L4 sBMD mean differences between the two systems were 0.042 g/cm(2) (4.1\%) and 0.035 g/cm(2) (3.2\%), respectively.
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to validate the 1994 pencil-beam DXA "universal standardization equations" for state-of-the-art fan-beam DXA systems.
METHODS: The spine and bilateral femurs of 87 postmenopausal women were scanned on both Hologic Delphi and GE-Lunar Prodigy DXA systems at three different clinical centers. The scans were analyzed using Hologic Apex and GE-Lunar EnCore software. The BMD results were converted to sBMD using the equations previously developed. Linear regression analysis was used to describe the relationship of the two systems' BMD results. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the differences in measures.
RESULTS: The Apex and Prodigy sBMD values were highly correlated (r ranged from 0.92 to 0.98). Spine L1-L4 and L2-L4 sBMD values had significant intercepts and slopes for Bland-Altman regression, with mean differences of 0.042 g/cm(2) (4.1\%) and 0.035 g/cm(2) (3.2\%), respectively. The total hip and neck sBMD showed no significant intercept and slope, except left total sBMD had a significant difference between the two systems of 0.009 g/cm(2) (1.0\%).
CONCLUSIONS: The sBMD values were shown to be equivalent within 1.0\% for hip but were significantly different for spine on the two systems. Biases may persist in pooled sBMD data from different manufacturers, and further study is necessary to determine the cause.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
	author = {Fan, B. and Lu, Y. and Genant, H. and Fuerst, T. and Shepherd, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {19859644},
	pmcid = {PMC2906746},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Female, Femur Neck, Hip Joint, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results},
	pages = {1227--1236}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {0c5e0893-6395-346c-9fb3-3309127d40b7},
 title = {Prediction of intradialytic hypotension using photoplethysmography.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2010},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Female,Humans,Hypotension,Hypotension: etiology,Hypotension: prevention & control,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Statistical,Photoplethysmography,Photoplethysmography: methods,Predictive Value of Tests,Renal Dialysis,Renal Dialysis: adverse effects,Reproducibility of Results,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted},
 created = {2012-07-13T16:45:28.000Z},
 pages = {1611-9},
 volume = {57},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20176537},
 month = {7},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {6d353feb-efe4-367e-84a2-0815eb9ca878},
 group_id = {ba0deb47-e19a-3151-83cc-b6262d5edb6e},
 last_modified = {2013-07-09T23:57:16.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Solem2010a},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"04a289f8-e0db-462f-bfb2-5cc8455187ca"},
 abstract = {Intradialytic hypotension is the most common acute complication during conventional hemodialysis treatment. Prediction of such events is highly desirable in clinical routine for prevention. This paper presents a novel prediction method of acute symptomatic hypotension in which the photoplethysmographic signal is analyzed with respect to changes in amplitude, reflecting vasoconstriction, and cardiac output. The method is based on a statistical model in which the noise is assumed to have Laplacian amplitude distribution. The performance is evaluated on 11 hypotension-prone patients who underwent hemodialysis treatment, resulting in seven events with acute symptomatic hypotension and 17 without. The photoplethysmographic signal was continuously acquired during treatment as was information on blood pressure and oxygen saturation. Using leave-one-out cross validation, the proposed method predicted six out of seven hypotensive events, while producing 1 false prediction out of 17 possible. The performance was achieved when the prediction threshold was chosen to be in the range 57%-65% of the photoplethysmographic envelope at treatment onset.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Solem, Kristian and Olde, Bo and Sörnmo, Leif},
 journal = {IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering},
 number = {7}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {8364c8e1-57a1-3484-94df-1bd37d5d7010},
 title = {Nonlinear measure of synchrony between blood oxygen saturation and heart rate from nocturnal pulse oximetry in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Data Interpretation, Statistical,Entropy,Female,Heart Rate,Heart Rate: physiology,Humans,Male,Middle Aged,Nonlinear Dynamics,Oximetry,Oxygen,Oxygen: blood,Polysomnography,ROC Curve,Reproducibility of Results,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: blood,Sleep Apnea, Obstructive: physiopathology,Young Adult},
 created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
 pages = {967-82},
 volume = {30},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696463},
 month = {9},
 accessed = {2010-08-14},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
 group_id = {ba0deb47-e19a-3151-83cc-b6262d5edb6e},
 last_modified = {2014-07-19T19:17:42.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Alvarez2009b},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"5adc2c25-73db-4b77-aed2-d32a75858a27"},
 abstract = {This study focuses on analysis of the relationship between changes in blood oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) and heart rate (HR) recordings from nocturnal pulse oximetry (NPO) in patients suspected of suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) syndrome. Two different analyses were developed: a classical frequency analysis based on the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) and a nonlinear analysis by means of a recently developed measure of synchrony, the cross-approximate entropy (cross-ApEn). A data set of 187 subjects was studied. We found significantly higher correlation and synchrony between oximetry signals from OSA positive patients compared with OSA negative subjects. We assessed the diagnostic ability to detect OSA syndrome of both the classical and nonlinear approaches by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses with tenfold cross-validation. The nonlinear measure of synchrony significantly improved the results obtained with classical MSC: 69.2% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity and 78.1% accuracy were reached with MSC, whereas 83.7% sensitivity, 84.3% specificity and 84.0% accuracy were obtained with cross-ApEn. Our results suggest that the use of nonlinear measures of synchrony could provide essential information from oximetry signals, which cannot be obtained with classical spectral analysis.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Alvarez, D and Hornero, R and Abásolo, D and del Campo, F and Zamarrón, C and López, M},
 journal = {Physiological measurement},
 number = {9}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {MRI of hippocampal volume loss in early Alzheimer's disease in relation to ApoE genotype and biomarkers},
 type = {article},
 year = {2009},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alzheimer Disease/genetics/*pathology/psychology,Amyloid beta-Protein/cerebrospinal fluid,Apolipoproteins E/*genetics,Biological Markers/cerebrospinal fluid,Cognition Disorders/etiology,Disease Progression,Female,Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Genotype,Hippocampus/*pathology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods,Male,Peptide Fragments/cerebrospinal fluid,Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales,Sample Size},
 pages = {1067-1077},
 volume = {132},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19251758},
 edition = {2009/03/03},
 id = {61a4bbcd-3b8f-34b8-a3c7-c58df58db770},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:55.655Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:55.771Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 language = {eng},
 notes = {<m:note>Schuff, N<m:linebreak/>Woerner, N<m:linebreak/>Boreta, L<m:linebreak/>Kornfield, T<m:linebreak/>Shaw, L M<m:linebreak/>Trojanowski, J Q<m:linebreak/>Thompson, P M<m:linebreak/>Jack, C R Jr<m:linebreak/>Weiner, M W<m:linebreak/>Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative<m:linebreak/>U01 AG024904-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>Multicenter Study<m:linebreak/>Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>Brain : a journal of neurology<m:linebreak/>awp007<m:linebreak/>Brain. 2009 Apr;132(Pt 4):1067-77. Epub 2009 Feb 27.</m:note>},
 abstract = {Hippocampal volume change over time, measured with MRI, has huge potential as a marker for Alzheimer's disease. The objectives of this study were: (i) to test if constant and accelerated hippocampal loss can be detected in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and normal ageing over short periods, e.g. 6-12 months, with MRI in the large multicentre setting of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); (ii) to determine the extent to which the polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene modulates hippocampal change; and (iii) to determine if rates of hippocampal loss correlate with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, such as the beta-amyloid (Abeta(1-42)) and tau proteins (tau). The MRI multicentre study included 112 cognitive normal elderly individuals, 226 mild cognitive impairment and 96 Alzheimer's disease patients who all had at least three successive MRI scans, involving 47 different imaging centres. The mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease groups showed hippocampal volume loss over 6 months and accelerated loss over 1 year. Moreover, increased rates of hippocampal loss were associated with presence of the ApoE allele epsilon4 gene in Alzheimer's disease and lower CSF Abeta(1-42) in mild cognitive impairment, irrespective of ApoE genotype, whereas relations with tau were only trends. The power to measure hippocampal change was improved by exploiting correlations statistically between successive MRI observations. The demonstration of considerable hippocampal loss in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease patients over only 6 months and accelerated loss over 12 months illustrates the power of MRI to track morphological brain changes over time in a large multisite setting. Furthermore, the relations between faster hippocampal loss in the presence of ApoE allele epsilon4 and decreased CSF Abeta(1-42) supports the concept that increased hippocampal loss is an indicator of Alzheimer's disease pathology and a potential marker for the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schuff, N and Woerner, N and Boreta, L and Kornfield, T and Shaw, L M and Trojanowski, J Q and Thompson, P M and Jack  Jr., C R and Weiner, M W},
 journal = {Brain},
 number = {Pt 4}
}

@article{dolan_national_2009,
	title = {The national mortality burden and significant factors associated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy: 1997-2006},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1873-4626},
	shorttitle = {The national mortality burden and significant factors associated with open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy},
	doi = {10.1007/s11605-009-0988-2},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the mortality rate and significant factors associated with laparoscopic (LC) and open cholecystectomies (OC) over a 10-year period.
METHODS: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we analyzed data for both LC and OC between 1997 and 2006. Cholecystectomies performed as part of another primary procedure were excluded. Using procedure-specific codes, we calculated annual national volumes for both open and laparoscopic cholecystectomies for the time period under review and the associated in-hospital mortality following both of these procedures. Using logistic regression modeling, we then analyzed selected patient and institutional characteristics to determine if a significant association existed between these factors and in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS: There was a 16\% increase in the volume of LC and a corresponding decrease in open procedures over the 10 years under review. In 2006, 12\% of cholecystectomies were still performed using an open approach and the associated mortality remained significantly higher than that seen with LC. Overall, after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, the mortality for OC was higher than that for LC (OR 4.57; 95\% CI, 4.37-4.79, p {\textless} 0.001). Age ({\textgreater}60 years), male gender, non-elective admission, admission source, and a primary diagnosis other than cholelithiasis were all independently associated with increased mortality. The average mortality rate associated with conversion from LC to OC was found to be 0.7\%.
CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an increase in the proportion LCs performed over the years under study with a decrease in the proportion of OCs. However, OCs remain associated with a significant mortality burden when compared with the laparoscopic approach.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract},
	author = {Dolan, James P. and Diggs, Brian S. and Sheppard, Brett C. and Hunter, John G.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cholecystectomy, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Female, Humans, Inpatients, Male, Middle Aged, United States},
	pages = {2292--2301}
}

@article{gauthier_epidemiology_2009,
	title = {Epidemiology and cost of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in the {United} {Kingdom}},
	volume = {137},
	issn = {0950-2688},
	doi = {10.1017/S0950268808000678},
	abstract = {Recent information on epidemiology and management of herpes zoster (HZ) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), a painful complication of HZ, is scarce. The objective of this study was to document the burden of HZ and PHN in the United Kingdom. This retrospective analysis of the UK General Practice Research Database aimed to estimate HZ incidence and proportion of HZ patients developing PHN and to assess management costs in immunocompetent individuals aged 50 years. A cohort of 27 225 HZ patients was selected, corresponding to an incidence of 5.23/1000 person-years. Respectively 19.5\% and 13.7\% of patients developed PHN at least 1 and 3 months after HZ diagnosis. Mean direct cost was pound103 per HZ patient and pound341 and pound397 per PHN episode (1- and 3-month definition respectively). Both HZ and PHN costs increased markedly with pain severity. This study confirms that HZ and PHN are frequent and costly diseases in the United Kingdom.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Epidemiology and Infection},
	author = {Gauthier, A. and Breuer, J. and Carrington, D. and Martin, M. and Rémy, V.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {18466661},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Great Britain, Health Care Costs, Herpes Zoster, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuralgia, Postherpetic, Retrospective Studies, incidence},
	pages = {38--47}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {1.4T study of proton magnetic relaxation rates, iron concentrations, and plaque burden in Alzheimer's disease and control postmortem brain tissue},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Brain Chemistry,*Plaque,*Senile Plaques,80 and over,Aged,Alzheimer Disease/*metabolism/*pathology,Amyloid,Female,Humans,Iron/*analysis,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods,Male},
 pages = {41-52},
 volume = {60},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18523986},
 id = {2e510ac5-7c59-3b6b-8c1b-12dc1cf30bca},
 created = {2016-09-21T08:35:05.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {5d250c3e-485a-3099-8087-b35242bd2203},
 group_id = {a9625e9e-5a77-317b-ab12-c1d6dcc9ef27},
 last_modified = {2016-09-25T08:31:21.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {House2008},
 abstract = {We measured proton magnetic longitudinal (R(1)) and transverse (R(2)) relaxation rates at 1.4T, iron concentrations, water contents, and amyloid plaque densities in postmortem brain tissue samples from three Alzheimer's disease (AD), two possible AD, and five control subjects. Iron concentrations and R(1) were significantly higher in the temporal cortex region of our AD group compared to the controls. Frequency analyses showed that the observed trends of higher iron, R(1), and R(2) in AD gray matter regions were statistically significant. Simple regression models indicated that for AD and control gray matter the iron concentrations and water contents have significant linear correlations with R(1) and R(2). Multiple regression models based on iron concentrations and water contents were highly significant for all groups and tissue types and suggested that the effects of iron become more important in determining R(1) and R(2) in the AD samples. At 1.4T R(1) and R(2) are strongly affected by water content and to a lesser extent by variations in iron concentrations. The AD plaque density did not correlate with iron concentrations, water contents, R(1), or R(2), suggesting that increases in AD brain iron are not strongly related to the accumulation of amyloid plaques.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {House, M J and St Pierre, T G and McLean, C},
 journal = {Magn Reson Med},
 number = {1}
}

@article{sheikh_trends_2008,
	title = {Trends in national incidence, lifetime prevalence and adrenaline prescribing for anaphylaxis in {England}},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {0141-0768},
	doi = {10.1258/jrsm.2008.070306},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Analysis of primary healthcare datasets offers the possibility to increase understanding of the epidemiology of acute uncommon conditions such as anaphylaxis, but these datasets remain under-exploited.
AIM: To investigate recent trends in the recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and prescribing of adrenaline for anaphylaxis in England.
METHODS: QRESEARCH is one of the world's largest national aggregated health databases containing the records of over nine million patients. We extracted data on all patients with a recorded diagnosis of anaphylaxis and calculated annual age-sex standardized incidence and lifetime period prevalence rates for each year from 2001-2005. We also analysed trends in adrenaline prescribing in those with a recorded diagnosis of anaphylaxis. National population figures were used to estimate numbers of people in England that have experienced anaphylaxis at some point in their lives.
RESULTS: The age-sex standardized incidence of anaphylaxis was 6.7 per 100,000 person-years in 2001 and increased by 19\% to 7.9 in 2005. Lifetime age-sex standardized prevalence of a recorded diagnosis of anaphylaxis was 50.0 per 100,000 in 2001 and increased by 51\% to 75.5 in 2005. Prescribing of adrenaline increased by 97\% over this period. By the end of 2005 there were an estimated 37,800 people that had experienced anaphylaxis at some point in their lives.
CONCLUSIONS: Recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and prescribing of adrenaline for anaphylaxis all showed substantial increases in recent years. An estimated 1 in 1,333 of the English population have at some point in their lives experienced anaphylaxis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine},
	author = {Sheikh, Aziz and Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Newton, John and Fenty, Justin},
	month = mar,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18344471},
	pmcid = {PMC2270246},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anaphylaxis, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Epinephrine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physician's Practice Patterns, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, incidence},
	pages = {139--143}
}

@article{srinivasan_risk_2007,
	title = {Risk of colorectal cancer in women with a prior diagnosis of gynecologic malignancy},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0192-0790},
	doi = {10.1097/01.mcg.0000225587.85953.06},
	abstract = {GOALS AND BACKGROUND: Earlier studies regarding the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in women with a prior diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies have revealed conflicting results. We sought to further clarify this association.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using the General Practice Research Database of the United Kingdom. Patients with a prior diagnosis of ovarian, uterine, or cervical cancers were compared with control patients without a prior gynecologic malignancy. The primary outcome was a diagnosis of CRC. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the effects of potential confounders.
RESULTS: The study included 1995 ovarian, 1348 uterine, and 1101 cervical cancer patients and 7980, 5392, and 4404 matched control patients, respectively. The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of CRC among ovarian cancer patients was 2.90 [95\% confidence intervals (CI) 1.45-5.82]. Five of 10 cases of CRC in ovarian cancer patients were diagnosed within 6 months of the cancer diagnosis with an adjusted IRR of 8.0 (95\% CI 1.9-33.6). Excluding the initial 6 months of follow-up after the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, the adjusted IRR was 1.6 (95\% CI 0.76-5.03). The adjusted IRR of CRC in patients with a prior diagnosis of uterine and cervical cancer was 0.79 (95\% CI 0.24-2.61) and 1.50 (95\% CI 0.43-5.21), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Women with a prior diagnosis of ovarian cancer are at an increased risk of CRC. The risk of CRC was not increased among patients with a prior history of uterine and cervical cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology},
	author = {Srinivasan, Radhika and Yang, Yu-Xiao and Rubin, Stephen C. and Morgan, Mark A. and Lewis, James D.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17426469},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cohort Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, Female, Genital Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Ovarian Neoplasms, Retrospective Studies, Risk, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Uterine Neoplasms},
	pages = {291--296}
}

@article{jones_alarm_2007,
	title = {Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {334},
	issn = {1756-1833},
	shorttitle = {Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care},
	doi = {10.1136/bmj.39171.637106.AE},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between alarm symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of cancer in a large population based study in primary care.
DESIGN: Cohort study.
SETTING: UK General Practice Research Database. Patients 762 325 patients aged 15 years and older, registered with 128 general practices between 1994 and 2000. First occurrences of haematuria, haemoptysis, dysphagia, and rectal bleeding were identified in patients with no previous cancer diagnosis.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Positive predictive value of first occurrence of haematuria, haemoptysis, dysphagia, or rectal bleeding for diagnoses of neoplasms of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, oesophagus, or colon and rectum during three years after symptom onset. Likelihood ratio and sensitivity were also estimated.
RESULTS: 11.108 first occurrences of haematuria were associated with 472 new diagnoses of urinary tract cancers in men and 162 in women, giving overall three year positive predictive values of 7.4\% (95\% confidence interval 6.8\% to 8.1\%) in men and 3.4\% (2.9\% to 4.0\%) in women. After 4812 new episodes of haemoptysis, 220 diagnoses of respiratory tract cancer were made in men (positive predictive value 7.5\%, 6.6\% to 8.5\%) and 81 in women (4.3\%, 3.4\% to 5.3\%). After 5999 new diagnoses of dysphagia, 150 diagnoses of oesophageal cancer were made in men (positive predictive value 5.7\%, 4.9\% to 6.7\%) and 81 in women (2.4\%, 1.9 to 3.0\%). After 15 289 episodes of rectal bleeding, 184 diagnoses of colorectal cancer were made in men (positive predictive value 2.4\%, 2.1\% to 2.8\%) and 154 in women (2.0\%, 1.7\% to 2.3\%). Predictive values increased with age and were strikingly high, for example, in men with haemoptysis aged 75-84 (17.1\%, 13.5\% to 21.1\%) and in men with dysphagia aged 65-74 (9.0\%, 6.8\% to 11.7\%).
CONCLUSION: New onset of alarm symptoms is associated with an increased likelihood of a diagnosis of cancer, especially in men and in people aged over 65. These data provide support for the early evaluation of alarm symptoms in an attempt to identify underlying cancers at an earlier and more amenable stage.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7602},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Jones, Roger and Latinovic, Radoslav and Charlton, Judith and Gulliford, Martin C.},
	month = may,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17493982},
	pmcid = {PMC1871798},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cohort Studies, Databases, Factual, Deglutition Disorders, Diagnostic Errors, Family Practice, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Hematuria, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Rectal Diseases},
	pages = {1040}
}

@article{fox_prevalence_2006,
	title = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database: {A} series of retrospective analyses of data from 1998 through 2002},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0149-2918},
	shorttitle = {Prevalence of inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the {United} {Kingdom} general practice research database},
	doi = {10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.03.005},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the mid-1990s, the development of new oral antidiabetic agents (OAs) and treatment guidelines have created an opportunity to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of good and inadequate glycemic control across a 5-year period among patients with diabetes in the United Kingdom. It also investigated the factors associated with achieving glycemic targets.
METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of data from the General Practice Research Database. Three limits were used to assess glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c): 6.5\%, 7.0\%, or 7.5\%. Values above the cutoffs indicated inadequate control of HbA1c; those at or below the cutoffs indicated good control. The study evaluated clinical and pharmacy data from the years 1998 to 2002 for patients with type 2 diabetes, {\textgreater} or =2 years of follow-up, and {\textgreater} or =2 HbA1c measurements during the first year. Five independent cross-sectional analyses were conducted, grouping data by year. Statistical significance was determined by Student t and chi2 tests.
RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 10,663 patients aged 17 to 98 years. The number of total eligible type 2 diabetes patients increased over the course of the study period: 5674 patients in 1998, 6553 in 1999, 7314 in 2000, 7323 in 2001, and 6192 in 2002. Overall, the study population had a mean (SD) age of 66 (11.0) years, was 53\% male (3033/5674), and had a body mass index of 29 kg/m(2). Seventy-six percent of patients had HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\% and 37\% were taking {\textgreater} or =2 oral agents. In 1998 and 2002, 79\% (4482/5674) and 76\% (4732/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate glycemic control, defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.0\%. When defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}7.5\%, 69\% (3923/5674) and 62\% (3814/6192) of patients, respectively, had inadequate control. Finally, when defined as HbA1c {\textgreater}6.5\%, 88\% (5011/5674) of patients in both 1998 and 2002 had inadequate control. Compared with patients with good disease control (HbA1c {\textless} or =7.0\%), patients with inadequate control were approximately 2 years younger (P {\textless} 0.001) and had been prescribed more OAs: 41\% received {\textgreater} or =2 OAs in 1998 and 52\% in 2002, compared with 23\% and 34\% (both, P = 0.001), respectively, of patients with good glycemic control (P {\textless} 0.02). Sex, number of diabetes complications, and number of comorbidities did not differ between groups (P = NS).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the introduction of new OAs and treatment guidelines, the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control remains high ({\textgreater}60\%) in patients with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom. Regardless of the HbA1c cutoff, patients with inadequate control were younger and received prescriptions for more OAs than patients with good control.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Clinical Therapeutics},
	author = {Fox, Kathleen M. and Gerber Pharmd, Robert A. and Bolinder, Bjorn and Chen, Jack and Kumar, Sanjaya},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16750453},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, databases as topic},
	pages = {388--395}
}

@article{shepherd_comparison_2006,
	title = {Comparison of {BMD} precision for {Prodigy} and {Delphi} spine and femur scans},
	volume = {17},
	issn = {0937-941X},
	doi = {10.1007/s00198-006-0127-9},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Precision error in bone mineral density (BMD) measurement can be affected by patient positioning, variations in scan analysis, automation of software, and both short- and long-term fluctuations of the densitometry equipment. Minimization and characterization of these errors is essential for reliable assessment of BMD change over time.
METHODS: We compared the short-term precision error of two dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices: the Lunar Prodigy (GE Healthcare) and the Delphi (Hologic). Both are fan-beam DXA devices predominantly used to measure BMD of the spine and proximal femur. In this study, 87 women (mean age 61.6+/-8.9 years) were measured in duplicate, with repositioning, on both systems, at one of three clinical centers. The technologists were International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) certified and followed manufacturer-recommended procedures. All scans were acquired using 30-s scan modes. Precision error was calculated as the root-mean-square standard deviation (RMS-SD) and coefficient of variation (RMS-\%CV) for the repeated measurements. Right and left femora were evaluated individually and as a combined dual femur precision. Precision error of Prodigy and Delphi measurements at each measurement region was compared using an F test to determine significance of any observed differences.
RESULTS: While precision errors for both systems were low, Prodigy precision errors were significantly lower than Delphi at L1-L4 spine (1.0\% vs 1.2\%), total femur (0.9\% vs 1.3\%), femoral neck (1.5\% vs 1.9\%), and dual total femur (0.6\% vs 0.9\%). Dual femur modes decreased precision errors by approximately 25\% compared with single femur results.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that short-term BMD precision errors are skeletal-site and manufacturer specific. In clinical practice, precision should be considered when determining: (a) the minimum time interval between baseline and follow-up scans and (b) whether a statistically significant change in the patient's BMD has occurred.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Osteoporosis international: a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
	author = {Shepherd, J. A. and Fan, B. and Lu, Y. and Lewiecki, E. M. and Miller, P. and Genant, H. K.},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16823544},
	keywords = {Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Female, Femur, Femur Neck, Hip Joint, Humans, Lumbar Vertebrae, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Postmenopause, Reproducibility of Results},
	pages = {1303--1308}
}

@article{latinovic_incidence_2006,
	title = {Incidence of common compressive neuropathies in primary care},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0022-3050},
	doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2005.066696},
	abstract = {Apart from carpal tunnel syndrome, there are no population based studies of the epidemiology of compressive neuropathies. To provide this information, new presentations of compressive neuropathies among patients registered with 253 general practices in the UK General Practice Research Database with 1.83 million patient years at risk in 2000 were analysed. The study revealed that in 2000 the annual age standardised rates per 100 000 of new presentations in primary care were: carpal tunnel syndrome, men 87.8/women 192.8; Morton's metatarsalgia, men 50.2/women 87.5; ulnar neuropathy, men 25.2/women 18.9; meralgia paraesthetica, men 10.7/women 13.2; and radial neuropathy, men 2.97/women 1.42. New presentations were most frequent at ages 55-64 years except for carpal tunnel syndrome, which was most frequent in women aged 45-54 years, and radial nerve palsy, which was most frequent in men aged 75-84 years. In 2000, operative treatment was undertaken for 31\% of new presentations of carpal tunnel syndrome, 3\% of Morton's metatarsalgia, and 30\% of ulnar neuropathy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry},
	author = {Latinovic, R. and Gulliford, M. C. and Hughes, R. a. C.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16421136},
	pmcid = {PMC2077603},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Metatarsalgia, Middle Aged, Nerve Compression Syndromes, Primary Health Care, Radial Neuropathy, Sex Factors, Ulnar Neuropathies, incidence},
	pages = {263--265}
}

@article{jones_physical_2006,
	title = {Physical and psychological co-morbidity in irritable bowel syndrome: a matched cohort study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {0269-2813},
	shorttitle = {Physical and psychological co-morbidity in irritable bowel syndrome},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03044.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a common problem known to have a complex relationship with psychological disorders and other physical symptoms. Little information, however, is available concerning physical and psychological comorbidity in irritable bowel syndrome patients studied over an extended period.
AIM: To evaluate physical and psychological morbidity 2 years before and during 6 years after the time of diagnosis in incident cases of irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects.
METHODS: A matched cohort study was implemented in 123 general practices using the General Practice Research Database. Irritable bowel syndrome cases (n = 1827) and controls (n = 3654) were compared for 2 years before and 6 years after diagnosis.
RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence of irritable bowel syndrome in patients over 15 years of age was 1.9 per 1,000 in men and 5.8 per 1,000 in women. From 2 years before the date of diagnosis, more irritable bowel syndrome cases (13\%) than controls (5\%) consulted with depression or were prescribed antidepressant drugs. Consultation and prescription rates for anxiety were also higher before diagnosis, and both anxiety and depression remained prevalent up to 6 years after diagnosis. Asthma, symptoms of urinary tract infection, gall-bladder surgery, hysterectomy and diverticular disease were recorded more frequently in irritable bowel syndrome patients, who were also more likely than controls to be referred to hospital.
CONCLUSIONS: People who are diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome experience more anxiety and depression and a range of physical problems, compared with controls; they are more likely to be referred to hospital.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Alimentary Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
	author = {Jones, R. and Latinovic, R. and Charlton, J. and Gulliford, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16918893},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asthma, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Databases, Factual, Diverticulum, Family Practice, Female, Gallbladder Diseases, Great Britain, Hospitalization, Humans, Hysterectomy, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Urinary Tract Infections, anxiety, depression, incidence},
	pages = {879--886}
}

@article{solaymani-dodaran_fracture_2006,
	title = {Fracture risk in people with primary biliary cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study},
	volume = {131},
	issn = {0016-5085},
	shorttitle = {Fracture risk in people with primary biliary cirrhosis},
	doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.012},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND \& AIMS: Controversy exists as to whether people with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and the extent to which this may translate into an increased risk of fracture. We have performed a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to quantify the excess fracture risk in people with PBC.
METHODS: We identified 930 people with PBC and 9202 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We used Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios for any fracture, hip fracture, and ulna/radius fracture in the PBC cohort compared with the general population.
RESULTS: There were approximately 2-fold relative increases in the risk of any fracture, hip fracture, and ulna/radius fracture for the PBC cohort compared with the general population (hazard ratio [HR], 2.03; 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-2.44; HR 2.14 (95\% CI: 1.40-3.28), and HR, 1.96; 95\% CI: 1.42-2.71, respectively). The absolute excess in fracture rates were for any fracture, 12.5 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI: 8.1-16.9); for hip fracture, 1.9 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI: 0.3-3.5); and for ulna/radius fracture, 3.4 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI: 1.2-5.7). In those people with more severe disease, the relative risks of fracture were similar (any fracture HR, 2.24; hip fracture HR, 1.25; ulna/radius fracture HR, 1.28).
CONCLUSIONS: There are modest increases in both the absolute and relative fracture risks in people with PBC compared with the general population, with the excess risks similar in those with more severe disease.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Gastroenterology},
	author = {Solaymani-Dodaran, Masoud and Card, Tim R. and Aithal, Guruprasad P. and West, Joe},
	month = dec,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {17087953},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Calcium, Cohort Studies, Female, Fractures, Bone, Hip Fractures, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Radius Fractures, Risk Factors, Vitamin D},
	pages = {1752--1757}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Daughters increase longevity of fathers, but daughters and sons equally reduce longevity of mothers},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family Characteristics,*Nuclear Family,*Parents,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Humans,Longevity/*physiology,Male,Middle Aged,Poland/epidemiology,Rural Population/trends,Survival Rate},
 pages = {422-425},
 volume = {18},
 id = {0e49814c-3477-3b9f-812f-0fd600352d97},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:32.411Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:32.557Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Comparative Study<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</m:note>},
 abstract = {Reproduction is energetically and physiologically expensive, and an individual investing resources into producing offspring should suffer costs such as deterioration in health condition and possibly shorter life span. Since the energetic and nutritional demands of pregnancy and breastfeeding render reproductive costs much higher in women than in men, women with a large number of children should show signs of deterioration in condition, while men with large families should not. However, whether reproductive costs reduce longevity in women is still questionable, and in men this issue has not been adequately addressed. In addition, since sons are energetically more expensive to produce than daughters, having sons should have a more pronounced negative impact on maternal longevity than having daughters. Here we document a striking disparity in the impact of children on the life span of mothers and fathers in a Polish rural population. We show for the first time that number of daughters was positively related to a longer life span of their fathers, increasing their longevity on average by 74 weeks per daughter born, while number of sons did not have a significant effect on paternal longevity. In contrast, in women, the number of daughters and number of sons reduced maternal longevity and did so to the same extent, on average by 95 weeks per son or daughter, indicating that for women, the costs of having sons and daughters are similar.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jasienska, G and Nenko, I and Jasienski, M},
 journal = {Am J Hum Biol},
 number = {3}
}

@article{ashworth_age-related_2006,
	title = {Age-related changes in consultations and antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections, 1995-2000. {Data} from the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0269-4727},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00765.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: International studies using data aggregated for all ages have shown decreasing rates of general practice consultations for acute respiratory infections with fewer antibiotic prescriptions issued per consultation. The occurrence of different respiratory infections varies widely at different ages but we do not know whether prescribing has reduced equally in all age groups.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine how reductions in consultation rates and antibiotic prescribing varied with age for different respiratory infections.
METHODS: Data were abstracted from the General Practice Research Database for 108 general practices in the UK (mean registered population 642 685). We estimated age-specific changes between 1995 and 2000 in consultation rates, and the proportion of consultations resulting in an antibiotic prescription for 'all respiratory infections' and for 'sore throat', 'ear infection', 'bronchitis' and 'chest infection'.
RESULTS: Consultation rates for 'all respiratory infections' declined in all age groups with the greatest decreases in children aged 1-4 years (41\%), 5-10 year olds (53\%) and 11-16 year olds (54\%), whereas at 75-84 years the reduction was 28\%. The pattern of greater reductions in children held for each separate condition even though the age of peak incidence varied. The relative reduction in antibiotic prescribing was greatest at 1-4 years (18\%), 5-10 years (17\%) and 11-16 years (17\%), compared with 5\% at 75-84 years. Antibiotic prescribing decreased most for sore throat and this was observed at all ages particularly in 5-10 year olds (relative reduction, 32\%).
CONCLUSIONS: School age children account for the greatest reduction in consultations for acute respiratory infection. School age and preschool children account for the greatest reductions in antibiotic prescribing during the consultation. The rapid changes in consultation rates are unexplained.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics},
	author = {Ashworth, M. and Charlton, J. and Latinovic, R. and Gulliford, M.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16958824},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Databases, Factual, Family Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Physician's Practice Patterns, Respiratory Tract Infections},
	pages = {461--467}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Biological evidence for inheritance of exceptional longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*ethnology/*genetics,Alleles,Carrier Proteins/genetics,Case-Control Studies,Genotype,Glycoproteins/genetics,Homozygote,Humans,Lipids/metabolism,Lipoproteins, HDL/genetics/metabolism,Lipoproteins, LDL/genetics/metabolism,Longevity/*genetics,Phenotype,Polymorphism, Genetic,Valine/genetics},
 pages = {341-345},
 volume = {126},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15621216},
 id = {ac53ce7e-fc6c-35da-8438-be74b645fce9},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:30.857Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:31.024Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0047-6374<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Subjects with exceptional longevity have a lower incidence and/or significant delay in the onset of age-related disease, and their family members may inherit biological factors that modulate aging processes and disease susceptibility. In a case control study, we aim to determine phenotype and genotype of exceptional longevity in a genetically homogenous population (Ashkenazi Jews), and their offspring, while an age-matched control group of Ashkenazi Jews was used as control groups. We demonstrated that exceptional longevity and healthy aging in humans is an inherited phenotype across three generations. Moreover, we demonstrated that subjects with exceptional longevity and their offspring have significantly larger high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and particle sizes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels that reflect on their health and cognitive function performance. This phenotype have led us to study candidate genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, and to the implication of homozygosity for the 405 valine (V) allele of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). A markedly higher frequency of a functional CETP variant that led to increased particle sizes of HDL and LDL and thus a better health performance is the first example of a phenotype and an associated genotype in humans with exceptional longevity. Hopefully, this line of research will lead us to establish which genotype is necessary (although not necessary sufficient) for a prolonged disease-free aging.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Atzmon, G and Rincon, M and Rabizadeh, P and Barzilai, N},
 journal = {Mech Ageing Dev},
 number = {2}
}

@article{fischer_discontinuation_2004,
	title = {Discontinuation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy and risk of acute myocardial infarction},
	volume = {164},
	issn = {0003-9926},
	doi = {10.1001/archinte.164.22.2472},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the effect of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of AMI has not yet been well defined. We therefore studied the risk of AMI during NSAID exposure and after the cessation of NSAID therapy.
METHODS: We conducted a large case-control analysis on the British General Practice Research Database. The study included 8688 cases with a first-time AMI between 1995 and 2001 and 33 923 controls, matched to cases on age, sex, calendar time, and general practice attended.
RESULTS: After adjusting for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute chest infection, body mass index, smoking, and aspirin use, the risk of AMI was 1.52 (95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.74) for subjects who stopped taking NSAIDs 1 to 29 days prior to the index date, compared with nonusers. The risk was highest in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus (adjusted OR, 3.68 [95\% CI, 2.36-5.74]) and for subjects who discontinued therapy with NSAIDs after previous long-term use (adjusted OR, 2.60 [95\% CI, 1.84-3.68]). Current and past NSAID use (discontinued therapy {\textgreater}/=60 days prior to the index date) were not associated with an increased risk of AMI (adjusted OR, 1.07 [95\% CI, 0.96-1.19] and 1.05 [95\% CI, 0.99-1.12], respectively).
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the risk of AMI is increased during several weeks after the cessation of NSAID therapy.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {22},
	journal = {Archives of Internal Medicine},
	author = {Fischer, Lorenz M. and Schlienger, Raymond G. and Matter, Christian M. and Jick, Hershel and Meier, Christoph R.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15596638},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Female, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome},
	pages = {2472--2476}
}

@article{boyle_5-alpha_2004,
	title = {5-{Alpha} reductase inhibition provides superior benefits to alpha blockade by preventing {AUR} and {BPH}-related surgery},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {0302-2838},
	doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.012},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This analysis examines the relative effectiveness of current medical therapies for BPH in preventing AUR, AUR-related catheterisation and surgery in real-life clinical practice.
METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of observational data from the General Practice Research Database (UK) (GPRD). The cohort contains 4500 patients experiencing BPH or lower urinary tract symptoms strongly suggestive of BPH, aged over 50 years, who were prescribed a 5ARI (finasteride) or an alpha-blocker (alfuzosin, doxazosin, indoramin, prazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin) as their first BPH treatment between 1996 and 1999 inclusive. Cox regression and competing risks analyses, adjusted for age and year of first treatment, followed patients from the start of their first BPH treatment to AUR, catheterisation or surgery, or censoring.
RESULTS: Patients prescribed an alpha-blocker were significantly more likely to experience AUR (hazard ratio 2.32, 95\%CI 1.37, 3.94) or surgery (hazard ratio 1.78, 95\%CI 1.30, 2.44) than patients prescribed a 5ARI. These differences were sustained with sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION: Real-life clinical practice shows that significantly fewer BPH patients prescribed a 5ARI experienced serious complications associated with the progression of BPH compared with those prescribed an alpha-blocker.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {European Urology},
	author = {Boyle, P. and Roehrborn, C. and Harkaway, R. and Logie, J. and de la Rosette, J. and Emberton, M.},
	month = may,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15082205},
	keywords = {5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors, Acute Disease, Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Enzyme Inhibitors, Finasteride, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Urinary Retention},
	pages = {620--626; discussion 626--627}
}

@article{morant_application_2004,
	title = {Application of a propensity score to adjust for channelling bias with {NSAIDs}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1053-8569},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.946},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare the relative risks of upper GI haemorrhage (UGIH) in users of Newer versus Older, non-specific NSAIDs when adjusted for channelling bias by regression on individual covariates, a propensity score and both.
METHODS: Cohort study of patients prescribed NSAIDs between June 1987 and January 2000. Exposure to Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs was identified, and risk factors evaluated for each patient. Results of multiple covariate analyses and the propensity scoring technique to assess potential channelling bias in comparisons between Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs were compared.
RESULTS: This study included 7.1 thousand patient years (tpy) exposure to meloxicam, 1.6 tpy exposure to coxibs, and 628 tpy exposure to Older non-specific NSAIDs. Patients receiving Newer NSAIDs were older, more likely to have a history of GI symptoms, and at higher risk for GI complications. Adjusting for these risk factors reduced the relative risks of UGIH on meloxicam and coxibs versus Older non-specific NSAIDs to 0.84 (95\%CI 0.60, 1.17) and 0.36 (0.14, 0.97) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Channelling towards high GI risk patients occurred in the prescribing of Newer NSAIDs. Propensity scores highlighted the markedly different risk profiles of users of Newer and Older non-specific NSAID. Correcting for channelling bias, coxib exposure, but not meloxicam exposure, was associated with less UGIH than Older non-specific NSAID exposure. In the present study, corrections made by regression on a propensity score and on individual covariates were similar.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Morant, S. V. and Pettitt, D. and MacDonald, T. M. and Burke, T. A. and Goldstein, J. L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15170763},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cohort Studies, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Utilization Review, Family Practice, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Thiazines, Thiazoles, pharmacoepidemiology},
	pages = {345--353}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Clinical phenotype of families with longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family Health,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/genetics,Case-Control Studies,Chronic Disease/*epidemiology,European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & n,Female,Humans,Israel/epidemiology,Jews/statistics & numerical data,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Matched-Pair Analysis,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Risk,Sex Factors,Statistics, Nonparametric,United States/epidemiology},
 pages = {274-277},
 volume = {52},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14728640},
 id = {269afc28-8f71-3cb1-91c4-4f7293ce8166},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.818Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.918Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0002-8614<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine whether offspring of centenarians acquired protection from age-related diseases. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The study was part of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Centenarians (n=145), offspring of centenarians (n=180), and spouses of the offspring of centenarians (n=75) as a control group. Two additional groups served as controls: age-matched Ashkenazi Jews, and an age-matched control group from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported family history of longevity; prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart attacks, and strokes; and objective measurements of body mass index and fat mass. RESULTS: Parents of centenarians (born in approximately 1870) had a markedly greater ( approximately sevenfold) "risk" for longevity (reaching ages 90-99), supporting the notion that genetics contributed to longevity in these families. The offspring of long-lived parents had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (by 23%), diabetes mellitus (by 50%), heart attacks (by 60%), and strokes (no events reported) than several age-matched control groups. CONCLUSION: Offspring of centenarians may inherit significantly better health. The authors suggest that a cohort of these subjects and their spouses is ideal to study the phenotype and genotype of longevity and its interaction with the environment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Atzmon, G and Schechter, C and Greiner, W and Davidson, D and Rennert, G and Barzilai, N},
 journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc},
 number = {2}
}

@article{margolis_medical_2004,
	title = {Medical conditions associated with venous leg ulcers},
	volume = {150},
	issn = {0007-0963},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: In patients who have a venous leg ulcer, very little is known about the frequency of their concomitant medical conditions.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency that other medical conditions are associated with a new venous leg ulcer.
METHODS: We studied a 10\% random sample of elderly patients registered in the General Practice Research Database between 1988 and 1996. We describe the frequency of medical conditions using simple percentages. In order to assess the associations between medical conditions and the onset of a venous leg ulcer, we used logistic regression models.
RESULTS: Several medical conditions occur commonly in patients who develop venous leg ulcers, including anaemia, angina, asthma, cellulitis of the lower extremity, depression, diabetes, limb oedema, hypertension, osteoarthritis, pneumonia and urinary tract infection. After statistical adjustment many medical conditions were significantly associated with those who had recent onset of a venous leg ulcer, including asthma, cellulitis of the lower extremity, congestive heart failure, diabetes, deep venous thrombosis, lower limb oedema, osteoarthritis, peripheral vascular arterial disease of the lower extremity, rheumatoid arthritis, history of hip surgery, and history of venous surgery/ligation. Unexpectedly, some illnesses were inversely associated with those that had recent onset of a venous leg ulcer, including angina, cerebral vascular accident, depression, malignancy, myocardial infarction, pneumonia and urinary tract infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Physicians caring for individuals with venous leg ulcers need to be aware that it is likely that these individuals may have one of the comorbid illnesses listed above.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Margolis, D. J. and Knauss, J. and Bilker, W.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {14996097},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Comorbidity, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, leg ulcer},
	pages = {267--273}
}

@article{peyriere_adverse_2003,
	title = {Adverse drug events associated with hospital admission},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {1060-0280},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To increase the knowledge base on the frequency, causality, and avoidability of adverse drug events (ADEs) as a cause for admission in internal medicine or when occurring during hospitalization.
METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 6 periods of 8 days each. Epidemiologic data (e.g., age, gender, medical history), drug utilization, and adverse drug reactions on patients hospitalized during these periods were collected by a pharmacy student.
RESULTS: A total of 156 patients (70 men and 86 women) were included in the study. The patients' mean age +/- SD was 66.5 +/- 18.1 years and mean length of stay was 13.2 +/- 9 days. Renal and hepatic insufficiency and previous history of drug intolerance were observed in 17.9\%, 10.2\%, and 2\% of the hospitalized patients, respectively. Thirty-eight ADEs occurred in 32 patients; in 15 cases, ADEs were identified as the reason for admission, 10 cases occurred during hospitalization, and 13 cases were present at admission, but were not the cause of admission. The most frequent ADEs involved the neurologic (23.6\%), renal (15.7\%), and hematologic (13.1\%) systems. Among these 38 ADEs, 22 were considered avoidable (57.9\%); 20 of these were associated with therapeutic errors (inappropriate administration, drug-drug interactions, dosage error, drug not stopped despite the onset of ADEs). Patients with ADEs stayed longer in the hospital and took more drugs both before and during their hospital stay (p {\textless} 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the ADEs observed in this study were avoidable. The risk/benefit ratio of administered drugs could be improved with better knowledge of the patients' medical history and the risk factors of ADEs.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Annals of Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Peyriere, Hélène and Cassan, Stéphanie and Floutard, Edith and Riviere, Sophie and Blayac, Jean-Pierre and Hillaire-Buys, Dominique and Le Quellec, Alain and Hansel, Sylvie},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12503925},
	keywords = {Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Hypersensitivity, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Medication Errors, Middle Aged, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {5--11}
}

@article{tilleman_reinterpretation_2003,
	title = {Reinterpretation of radiological imaging in patients referred to a tertiary referral centre with a suspected pancreatic or hepatobiliary malignancy: impact on treatment strategy},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {0938-7994},
	shorttitle = {Reinterpretation of radiological imaging in patients referred to a tertiary referral centre with a suspected pancreatic or hepatobiliary malignancy},
	doi = {10.1007/s00330-002-1579-8},
	abstract = {Our objective was to determine the clinical importance of reinterpretation of radiological investigations performed in a referring hospital and the value of additional investigations in a referral centre. A panel of four experts retrospectively evaluated the technical quality of radiological investigations and made reinterpretation reports, of 78 patients referred with a suspected pancreatic or hepatobiliary malignancy. The value of additional radiological investigations performed in the referral centre was assessed. The quality of ultrasound and CT examinations was sufficient for reinterpretation in (36 of 69) 52\% and (42 of 60) 70\%, respectively. The reinterpretation reports of the ultrasound investigations were scored as "in accordance" in (30 of 36) 83\%, as "minor discordance" in (3 of 36) 8\% and as "major discordance" in (3 of 36) 8\%. For CT proportions of (29 of 42) 69\%, (8 of 42) 19\% and (5 of 42) 12\%, respectively, were found. Additional ultrasound ( n=55) showed no additional findings in 16\%, minor additional findings in 53\% and major additional findings in 31\% of cases. For additional spiral CT scan ( n=47) results were of 21, 47 and, 32\%, respectively. Reinterpretation of ultrasound and CT resulted in a change in treatment strategy for 7 patients (9\%). Additional ultrasound or CT resulted in a change in treatment strategy for 24 patients (30\%). Improved communication and reinterpretation of radiological investigations may reduce unnecessary referral.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {European radiology},
	author = {Tilleman, Esther H B M and Phoa, Saffire S K S and Van Delden, Otto M and Rauws, Erik A J and van Gulik, Thomas M and Laméris, Johan S and Gouma, Dirk J},
	month = may,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12695833},
	note = {00018 },
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic, Cholangiocarcinoma, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Errors, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Liver Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Referral and Consultation, Survival Analysis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Doppler},
	pages = {1095--1099}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Identification of multiple loci for Alzheimer disease in a consanguineous Israeli-Arab community},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alleles,Alzheimer Disease/*genetics,Arabs,Chromosome Mapping,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9,Consanguinity,Dementia, Vascular/*genetics,Female,Gene Frequency,Genetic Markers,Genome, Human,Genotype,Heterozygote,Homozygote,Human,Israel,Linkage (Genetics),Lod Score,Male,Models, Genetic,Sequence Analysis, DNA,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {415-422},
 volume = {12},
 id = {cf9eab61-8a7f-38db-bc5f-f874a28d4f14},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:46.336Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:46.466Z},
 tags = {04/01/19},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {We have observed an unusually high prevalence of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) in Wadi Ara, an inbred Arab community in northern Israel comprising approximately 850 persons over the age of 60 years. Family studies revealed that more than one-third of the DAT cases are members of one hamula (tribal group) within Wadi Ara. To map chromosomal loci contributing to DAT susceptibility, we conducted a 10 cM scan in a series of five cases and five controls selected from this hamula. Markers from 18 chromosomal regions showed significant allelic association with DAT (P<0.05). Locations on chromosomes 2, 9 and 10 remained significant after testing additional affected and non-demented individuals. Significant associations were also observed for markers on chromosome 12 which overlap with a locus implicated in previous genome scans. Analysis of allele frequency distributions for 12 markers spanning 20 cM on chromosome 9 narrowed the possible location of an DAT susceptibility gene to a 13 cM interval between D9S157 and D9S259 (most significant result: P = 2.3 x 10(-7)). Analysis of 14 markers spanning 24 cM on chromosome 12 narrowed the possible location to a 14 cM interval distal to the LRP1 locus (most significant result: P = 1.3 x 10(-6)). Evidence for linkage on chromosome 9 stemmed primarily from excess homozygosity of marker alleles in cases compared with controls, suggesting that the gene at this location behaves in either a recessive or additive fashion. The unique characteristics of this community together with the emergent human genome data should allow for the rapid identification of DAT genes in these candidate regions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Farrer, L A and Bowirrat, A and Friedland, R P and Waraska, K and Korczyn, A D and Baldwin, C T},
 journal = {Hum Mol Genet},
 number = {4}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Do children of long-lived parents age more successfully?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*genetics/*physiology,Cognition/physiology,Cross-Sectional Studies,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Genetics, Population,Hand Strength/physiology,Health Status,Humans,Interviews,Male,Middle Aged,Nuclear Family,Odds Ratio,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {334-339},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11964936},
 id = {d2c3d7a4-58f6-3e99-95c4-c6ccb4863013},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.345Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.443Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1044-3983<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Meta-Analysis</m:note>},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long-lived individuals are rare and may be selected in part for the genetic factors that promote successful aging. The children of long-lived parents may therefore age more successfully than the children of short-lived parents. METHODS: We used three major cross-sectional population-based surveys to study the association of parental longevity with successful aging in offspring. The measures of aging were hand-grip strength, cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination and a cognitive composite score), self-reported diseases, and self-rated health. RESULTS: For every additional 10 years the parents lived, their children's grip strength increased by 0.32 kg (95% CI = 0.00-0.63), Mini Mental State Examination score by 0.20 points (95% CI = 0.03-0.37), and cognitive composite score by 0.24 points (95% CI = 0.07-0.40). A 10-year increment of parental life was associated with a reduction by approximately 0.20 in the adjusted odds ratio for their children having each of the following conditions: diabetes; hypertension; ischemic heart disease; heart failure; stroke; or fair, poor, or very poor self-rated health. Almost all the effects were seen solely in the cohort of 70+-year-olds, but not among middle-aged or nonagenarian subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Parental life span is positively associated with the children's physical and cognitive functioning and avoidance of some of the common chronic diseases. However, the effects are small and are seen among offspring who are elderly, but not among the middle-aged or the oldest old.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Frederiksen, H and McGue, M and Jeune, B and Gaist, D and Nybo, H and Skytthe, A and Vaupel, J W and Christensen, K},
 journal = {Epidemiology},
 number = {3}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Replication studies in longevity: puzzling findings in Danish centenarians at the 3'APOB-VNTR locus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alleles,Apolipoproteins B/*genetics,Comparative Study,DNA/analysis/genetics,Demography,Denmark,Female,Gene Frequency/genetics,Genotype,Humans,Italy,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Minisatellite Repeats/*genetics,Models, Genetic,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Risk,Sex Characteristics},
 pages = {371-376},
 volume = {65},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11592926},
 id = {30365bd9-8031-3f7e-8ef2-9d02c1ab8dba},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.031Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.142Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0003-4800<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {In Danes we replicated the 3'APOB-VNTR gene/longevity association study previously carried out in Italians, by which the Small alleles (less than 35 repeats) had been identified as frailty alleles for longevity. In Danes, neither genotype nor allele frequencies differed between centenarians and 20-64-year-old subjects. However, when Danish and Italian data were compared, a significant difference (p = 0.0004) was found between the frequencies of Small alleles in youths, which disappeared in centenarians (p = 0.290). Furthermore, the demographic-genetic approach revealed in Danes a significant gene-sex interaction relevant to Long alleles (more than 37 repeats). The different findings in Denmark and Italy suggest that gene/longevity associations are population-specific, and heavily affected by the population-specific genetic and environmental history.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Varcasia, O and Garasto, S and Rizza, T and Andersen-Ranberg, K and Jeune, B and Bathum, L and Andreev, K and Tan, Q and Yashin, A I and Bonafe, M and Franceschi, C and De Benedictis, G},
 journal = {Ann Hum Genet},
 number = {Pt 4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The local field in infratentorial ependymoma: does the entire posterior fossa need to be treated?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {80 and over,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Cranial Fossa,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Humans,Infratentorial Neoplasms,Infratentorial Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Infratentorial Neoplasms: surgery,Male,Middle Aged,Posterior,Preschool,Radiotherapy Dosage,Survival Analysis,Treatment Failure},
 pages = {757-61},
 volume = {49},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172959},
 month = {3},
 day = {1},
 id = {824b4da9-3acc-37d7-9dd5-8c30fb640a36},
 created = {2014-08-02T21:56:13.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {be299c88-7105-3a8d-a1cd-3aa95c25e2c4},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:51.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In the past decade, there have been multiple reports indicating that the predominant problem in the curative treatment of intracranial ependymoma is local failure. As a result, many have recommended local field radiotherapy. For infratentorial ependymoma, there is controversy regarding what constitutes the local field. Some radiation oncologists advocate coverage of the entire posterior fossa, whereas others recommend radiotherapy to the tumor bed and a safety margin. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1984 to 1998, 28 patients with posterior fossa ependymoma were diagnosed at our institution. There were 18 males and 10 females with a median age of 12 years (range, 2-81 years). Four patients (14%) had high-grade ependymoma and 3 (11%) had M+ disease at initial diagnosis. Gross total resection was achieved in 17 (61%) and postoperative radiotherapy (RT) was given to 22 (77%). Radiotherapy fields were craniospinal in 10, whole brain in 1, posterior fossa in 2, and tumor bed with a 2-cm. margin in 9. Median dose to the primary site was 54 Gy (range, 45-55 Gy). All 4 patients with high-grade ependymoma received craniospinal RT. Six patients did not receive RT after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain at initial diagnosis were compared to MRI or CT scans of patients at relapse to determine if the local relapse was in the tumor bed or nontumor bed posterior fossa. Median follow-up was 127 months (range, 14-188 months). RESULTS: Six patients have relapsed. For the 11 patients who had craniospinal or whole brain radiotherapy (RT), 3 recurred (tumor bed 1, spine 1, nontumor bed posterior fossa + spine 1). Both patients who failed in the spine had high-grade tumors. Neither of the 2 treated with posterior fossa fields relapsed. For the 9 patients who had tumor bed RT alone and the 6 who did not receive RT, there were 3 relapses; all were in the tumor bed. There were no relapses in the nontumor bed posterior fossa. CONCLUSION: For nondisseminated, low-grade infratentorial ependymoma, the radiotherapy volume does not need to include the entire posterior fossa. This information can be used to minimize late effects of RT in the era of three-dimensional (conformal) radiotherapy. No conclusion can be reached regarding the appropriate local field for high-grade infratentorial ependymoma because of the small number of patients.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Paulino, A C},
 journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
 number = {3}
}

@Article{Scholl2001b,
  author   = {B. J. Scholl},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {Objects and attention: {T}he state of the art.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {1-2},
  pages    = {1-46},
  volume   = {80},
  abstract = {What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding
	that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent
	work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete
	objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such
	'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate
	to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts,
	and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood,
	including the question of how attended objects are individuated in
	time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions
	and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues
	beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory
	objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.},
  keywords = {80 and over, Adenoviridae, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attention, Auditory Perception, Biopsy, Bone Nails, Bone Neoplasms, Bone Screws, Bone Transplantation, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Comparative Study, Concept Formation, Constriction, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, Femoral Neoplasms, Femur Head, Femur Neck, Fibula, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Gene Expression, Gene Transfer Techniques, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hepatitis, Homologous, Humans, Inbred Strains, Infant, Injections, Internal, Intramedullary, Intravenous, Judgment, Knee Joint, Liver, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Meta-Analysis, Middle Aged, Models, Motion, Motion Perception, Needle, Neoplasms, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Perceptual Distortion, Portal Vein, Preschool, Problem Solving, Psychological, Radiation-Induced, Rats, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Second Primary, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Perception, Space Perception, Spontaneous, Squamous Cell, Students, Time Factors, Tomography, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, X-Ray Computed, 11245838},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Increase of homozygosity in centenarians revealed by a new inter-Alu PCR technique},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Alu Elements,*Polymorphism, Genetic,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*genetics,Heterozygote,Humans,Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {1063-1073},
 volume = {36},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11404051},
 id = {3addbdbb-c5bc-347b-a722-ebeb1352f751},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:33.100Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:33.285Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0531-5565<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {In the present study a novel inter-Alu PCR technique that allows one to detect inter-individual differences in the genomic regions flanked by Alu repetitive sequences was developed. Two primers complementary to sequences present in different Alu repeats and marked with two different fluorochromes were used in the same PCR reaction, and the PCR products were separated and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using an automatic sequencer. The method is highly reliable, and three patterns of peaks (QM376-400, QM780-790 and QM480) appeared to be representative for germ-line polymorphisms, as suggested by the results obtained in nine couples of monozygotic twins and four three-generation families. The frequency of these polymorphic peaks was studied in two different age groups (100 young subjects and 69 centenarians). In two out of the three regions (QM376-400 and QM480) a significant increase in homozygote genotypes frequency was observed in centenarians. These counterintuitive results suggest that increased homozygosity contributes to human longevity. This novel inter-Alu PCR approach could represent a valuable tool to identify longevity-associated DNA sequences interspersed throughout human genome, without making any a priori assumption about their nature and function.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bonafe, M and Cardelli, M and Marchegiani, F and Cavallone, L and Giovagnetti, S and Olivieri, F and Lisa, R and Pieri, C and Franceschi, C},
 journal = {Exp Gerontol},
 number = {7}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{duhamel_social_2001,
	title = {Social and health status of arrivals in a {French} prison: a consecutive case study from 1989 to 1995},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0398-7620},
	shorttitle = {Social and health status of arrivals in a {French} prison},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427826},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND

To assess the demographic, socioeconomic and health status of male arrivals in French jails and to analyze the time trends of these characteristics.


METHODS

The study was carried out in a prison for detained persons and short term prisoners. Using a standardized questionnaire, we recorded the characteristics of all male detainees and prisoners arriving in the prison between 1989 and 1995. The information collected concerned: demographic data, level of education and professional status, reasons for detention or imprisonment, social and family background, lifestyle, medical and psychiatric history, suicide attempts and illicit use of drugs. The characteristics of the study population were compared with those found in the general regional population. We analyzed developing trends in the health status of the prison population as well as their socio-economic profile over a period of seven years (1989 to 1995).


RESULTS

A total of 14,785 questionnaires were analyzed. Of the study population, 56\% had no professional qualification, and 62\% was unemployed. About two-thirds of the inmates presented psychiatric problems or problems with illicit drug use (one or several drugs). Amongst these, 70\% had not had any form of care -neither therapeutic nor educational- before their arrival in prison. Between 1989 and 1995, the proportion of drug users increased by 30\%. A parallel increase was observed in the level of unemployment and in the frequency of mental problems.


CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest a need for therapeutic and educational care to be provided for prison inmates. This poses a problem which needs to be addressed in terms of public health. The study also illustrates the usefulness of a standardised questionnaire for each arrival. The systematic use of such a tool would make it possible to identify inmates'needs and to propose adapted care solutions.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-05-10},
	journal = {Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique},
	author = {Duhamel, A and Renard, J M and Nuttens, M C and Devos, P and Beuscart, R and Archer, E},
	month = jun,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11427826},
	keywords = {*Health Status, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Crime, Crime/statistics \& numerical data/trends, Educational Status, Family, Family/psychology, France, France/epidemiology, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Style, Male, Marital Status, Marital Status/statistics \& numerical data, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Occupations, Occupations/statistics \& numerical data, Prisoners, Prisoners/education/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted, Suicide, Attempted/statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},
	pages = {229--238},
}

@article{njeh_evaluation_2001,
	title = {Evaluation of a gel-coupled quantitative ultrasound device for bone status assessment},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0278-4297},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new gel-coupled calcaneal quantitative ultrasound system, Osteospace (Medilink, Montpellier, France), which was designed to assess the status of bone in the calcaneus.
METHODS: The study group consisted of 215 healthy white women aged 20 to 85 years and 51 white women aged 60 to 86 years with osteoporotic fractures. Fifty-two healthy women aged 50 to 85 years were randomly selected from the healthy cohort as the control group. All the women had calcaneal quantitative ultrasonic measurements. The women with osteoporotic fractures and the control group also had proximal femur and lumbar anteroposterior spine bone mineral density measurements using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral density was also measured in a subgroup of 54 women at the calcaneus.
RESULTS: There was a significant inverse correlation of broadband ultrasound attenuation and speed of sound with age (P {\textless} .001). Short-term measurement precision values expressed as coefficients of variation were 1.72\% for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 0.64\% for speed of sound, and standardized short-term precision values were 6.09\% for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 3.87\% for speed of sound. The correlations between the quantitative ultrasonic parameters and calcaneal bone mineral density were 0.69 (P = .0001) for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 0.45 (P = .0008) for speed of sound. Both quantitative ultrasonic parameters and all bone mineral density measurements of the hip and spine differed significantly between the control and osteoporotic fracture groups (P {\textless} .01). Age-, weight-, and height-adjusted odds ratios per SD decrease were as follows: broadband ultrasound attenuation, 1.79; speed of sound, 1.83; spine bone mineral density, 2.34; femoral neck bone mineral density, 1.69; and total hip bone mineral density, 1.85. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for quantitative ultrasound parameters and bone mineral density measurements were close, ranging from 0.75 to 0.80.
CONCLUSIONS: This new quantitative ultrasound system can detect age- and menopause-related influences on skeletal status and can discriminate healthy women from those with osteoporotic fractures in a manner comparable with that of bone mineral density measurement by dual X-ray absorptiometry.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine: Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine},
	author = {Njeh, C. F. and Chen, M. B. and Fan, B. and Grigorian, M. and Shepherd, J. A. and Saeed, I. and Genant, H. K.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11758027},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bone Density, Calcaneus, Case-Control Studies, Female, Fractures, Spontaneous, Humans, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Transducers, Ultrasonography},
	pages = {1219--1228}
}

@article{majeed_trends_2001,
	title = {Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in {England} and {Wales}, 1994-1998: analysis of data from the general practice research database},
	volume = {86},
	issn = {1468-201X},
	shorttitle = {Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in {England} and {Wales}, 1994-1998},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in England and Wales, and examine trends in its treatment with warfarin and aspirin between 1994 and 1998.
DESIGN: Analysis of data from the general practice research database.
SETTING: England and Wales.
PATIENTS: 1.4 million patients registered with 211 general practices.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex specific prevalence rates of atrial fibrillation; percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants or aspirin.
RESULTS: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in 1998 was 12.1/1000 in men and 12.7/1000 in women. Prevalence increased from less than 1/1000 in under 35 year olds to over 100/1000 in those aged 85 years and over. There was a 22\% increase in the age standardised prevalence of atrial fibrillation in men and a 14\% increase in women between 1994 and 1998. The percentage of patients prescribed oral anticoagulants increased from 20\% to 34\% in men and from 17\% to 25\% in women. The percentage of men with atrial fibrillation prescribed aspirin increased from 26\% to 36\%, and the percentage of women increased from 24\% to 36\%. Applying the age and sex specific prevalence and treatment rates to the population gives an estimate of around 650 000 cases of atrial fibrillation in England and Wales. The greatest number of cases occurs in the 75-84 year old age group.
CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients in the community with identified atrial fibrillation is increasing. There has also been a pronounced increase in the percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed oral anticoagulants or aspirin.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Heart (British Cardiac Society)},
	author = {Majeed, A. and Moser, K. and Carroll, K.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11514479},
	pmcid = {PMC1729916},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Atrial Fibrillation, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Wales, Warfarin},
	pages = {284--288}
}

@article{
 title = {Founder BRCA1 mutations and two novel germline BRCA2 mutations in breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Founder Effect,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,BRCA1 Protein/*genetics,BRCA2 Protein,Breast Neoplasms/*genetics,Female,Genetic Markers/genetics,Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics,Human,Male,Middle Age,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics,Poland,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {480-1.},
 volume = {15},
 id = {fffeb98c-4cdd-3ed3-a41a-4a351d41efdd},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.272Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.379Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for the majority of high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families, depending on the population studied. Previously, BRCA1 mutations were described in women from Western Poland. To further characterize the spectrum of BRCA1 mutations and the impact of BRCA2 mutations in Poland, we have analyzed 25 high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland for mutations in all coding exons of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, using combined heteroduplex analysis/SSCP followed by direct DNA sequence analysis. Out of 25 probands a total of five (20%) carried three recurrent BRCA1 mutations (300T>G, 3819del5, 5382insC). The 300T>G mutation accounted for 60% (3/5) of BRCA1 mutations and allelotyping suggested a common founder of this mutation. No unique mutations were found. In addition, we identified three BRCA2 (12%) mutations, one recurrent 4075delGT, and two novel frameshift mutations, 7327ins/dupl19 and 9068delA. We conclude that 30% of high-risk families from North-Eastern Poland may be due to recurrent BRCA1 and unique BRCA2 mutations. Intriguingly, the BRCA1 mutation spectrum seems to be different within subregions of Poland.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {van Der Looij, M and Wysocka, B and Brozek, I and Jassem, J and Limon, J and Olah, E},
 journal = {Hum Mutat},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Does a retrograde response in human aging and longevity exist?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging,DNA, Mitochondrial,DNA, Mitochondrial: analysis,Female,Genotype,Humans,Longevity,Male,Middle Aged,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase,Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase: genetics},
 pages = {795-801},
 volume = {35},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11053670},
 month = {9},
 id = {d9ad0689-1d6d-302d-9e8d-3da14821f4c1},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:41:38.867Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:41:39.005Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {The retrograde response (RR) is a compensatory mechanism by which mutant strains of yeast are able to cope with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) impairments by up-regulating the expression of the stress-responder nuclear genes and significantly increasing lifespan. Starting from the observation that both mtDNA variability and Tyrosine hydroxylase (THO, stress-responder gene) variability are correlated with human longevity, we asked ourselves whether mechanisms similar to RR may exist in humans. As a first investigative step we have analyzed the distribution of the mtDNA inherited variants (haplogroups) according to THO genotypes in three sample groups of increasing ages (20-49 years; 50-80 years; centenarians). We found that the mtDNA haplogroups and the THO genotypes are associated randomly in the first group, while in the second group, and particularly in the centenarians, a non-random association is observed between the mtDNA and nuclear DNA variability. Moreover, in centenarians the U haplogroup is over-represented (p=0.012) in subjects carrying the THO genotype unfavorable to longevity. On the whole these findings are in line with the hypothesis that longevity requires particular interactions between mtDNA and nuclear DNA and do not exclude the possibility that an RR has been maintained throughout evolution and it is present in higher organisms.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {De Benedictis, G and Carrieri, G and Garasto, S and Rose, G and Varcasia, O and Bonafè, M and Franceschi, C and Jazwinski, S M},
 journal = {Experimental gerontology},
 number = {6-7}
}

@article{
 title = {BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation analysis of 208 Ashkenazi Jewish women with ovarian cancer},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Founder Effect,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics,DNA Mutational Analysis,Female,Gene Frequency/genetics,Genes, BRCA1/*genetics,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics,Human,Incidence,Israel/epidemiology,Jews/*genetics,Male,Middle Age,Mutation/*genetics,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Neoplasm Staging,North America/epidemiology,Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics/mortality,Pedigree,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {1259-72.},
 volume = {66},
 id = {0003dfc0-1df4-3102-829c-0f2e888b6744},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.120Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.249Z},
 tags = {01/11/30},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Multicenter Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Ovarian cancer is a component of the autosomal-dominant hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome and may be due to a mutation in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Two mutations in BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) and one mutation in BRCA2 (6174delT) are common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. One of these three mutations is present in approximately 2% of the Jewish population. Each mutation is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and it is expected that a significant proportion of Jewish women with ovarian cancer will carry one of these mutations. To estimate the proportion of ovarian cancers attributable to founding mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the Jewish population and the familial cancer risks associated with each, we interviewed 213 Jewish women with ovarian cancer at 11 medical centers in North America and Israel and offered these women genetic testing for the three founder mutations. To establish the presence of nonfounder mutations in this population, we also completed the protein-truncation test on exon 11 of BRCA1 and exons 10 and 11 of BRCA2. We obtained a detailed family history on all women we studied who had cancer and on a control population of 386 Ashkenazi Jewish women without ovarian or breast cancer. A founder mutation was present in 41.3% of the women we studied. The cumulative incidence of ovarian cancer to age 75 years was found to be 6.3% for female first-degree relatives of the patients with ovarian cancer, compared with 2.0% for the female relatives of healthy controls (relative risk 3.2; 95% CI 1.5-6.8; P=.002). The relative risk to age 75 years for breast cancer among the female first-degree relatives was 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-3.0; P=.0001). Only one nonfounder mutation was identified (in this instance, in a woman of mixed ancestry), and the three founding mutations accounted for most of the observed excess risk of ovarian and breast cancer in relatives.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Moslehi, R and Chu, W and Karlan, B and Fishman, D and Risch, H and Fields, A and Smotkin, D and Ben-David, Y and Rosenblatt, J and Russo, D and Schwartz, P and Tung, N and Warner, E and Rosen, B and Friedman, J and Brunet, J S and Narod, S A},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {4}
}

@article{
 title = {Data mining applied to linkage disequilibrium mapping},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescence,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Alleles,Child,Child, Preschool,Chromosome Mapping/*methods/statistics & numerical,Computer Simulation,Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent/genetics,Female,Founder Effect,Genes, Dominant/genetics,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics,Great Britain,HLA Antigens/genetics,Haplotypes/*genetics,Human,Infant,Linkage Disequilibrium/*genetics,Male,Microsatellite Repeats/genetics,Middle Age,Models, Genetic,Mutation/genetics,Phenotype,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics,Statistics, Nonparametric,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {133-45.},
 volume = {67},
 id = {f0c72e95-0269-3a20-8f92-79ced23957fb},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:38.237Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:38.346Z},
 tags = {01/11/30},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {We introduce a new method for linkage disequilibrium mapping: haplotype pattern mining (HPM). The method, inspired by data mining methods, is based on discovery of recurrent patterns. We define a class of useful haplotype patterns in genetic case-control data and use the algorithm for finding disease-associated haplotypes. The haplotypes are ordered by their strength of association with the phenotype, and all haplotypes exceeding a given threshold level are used for prediction of disease susceptibility-gene location. The method is model-free, in the sense that it does not require (and is unable to utilize) any assumptions about the inheritance model of the disease. The statistical model is nonparametric. The haplotypes are allowed to contain gaps, which improves the method's robustness to mutations and to missing and erroneous data. Experimental studies with simulated microsatellite and SNP data show that the method has good localization power in data sets with large degrees of phenocopies and with lots of missing and erroneous data. The power of HPM is roughly identical for marker maps at a density of 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms/cM or 1 microsatellite/cM. The capacity to handle high proportions of phenocopies makes the method promising for complex disease mapping. An example of correct disease susceptibility-gene localization with HPM is given with real marker data from families from the United Kingdom affected by type 1 diabetes. The method is extendable to include environmental covariates or phenotype measurements or to find several genes simultaneously.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Toivonen, H T and Onkamo, P and Vasko, K and Ollikainen, V and Sevon, P and Mannila, H and Herr, M and Kere, J},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {1}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Death,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Denmark,Disease Susceptibility,Environment,Epidemiology, Molecular,Female,Finland,Forecasting,Health,Humans,Life Tables,Likelihood Functions,Longevity/genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Genetic,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Sex Factors,Survival Analysis,Sweden,Twins/*genetics},
 pages = {196-205},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10100811},
 id = {161c25f0-f407-3983-ac34-656acbfb7169},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:57.913Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:58.237Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1369-0523<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Molecular epidemiological studies confirm a substantial contribution of individual genes to variability in susceptibility to disease and death for humans. To evaluate the contribution of all genes to susceptibility and to estimate individual survival characteristics, survival data on related individuals (eg twins or other relatives) are needed. Correlated gamma-frailty models of bivariate survival are used in a joint analysis of survival data on more than 31,000 pairs of Danish, Swedish and Finnish male and female twins using the maximum likelihood method. Additive decomposition of frailty into genetic and environmental components is used to estimate heritability in frailty. The estimate of the standard deviation of frailty from the pooled data is about 1.5. The hypothesis that variance in frailty and correlations of frailty for twins are similar in the data from all three countries is accepted. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability in frailty is about 0.5. The age trajectories of individual hazards are evaluated for all three populations of twins and both sexes. The results of our analysis confirm the presence of genetic influences on individual frailty and longevity. They also suggest that the mechanism of these genetic influences may be similar for the three Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, results indicate that the increase in individual hazard with age is more rapid than predicted by traditional demographic life tables.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Iachine, I A and Holm, N V and Harris, J R and Begun, A Z and Iachina, M K and Laitinen, M and Kaprio, J and Yashin, A I},
 journal = {Twin Res},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Hospital mortality after urgent and emergency laparotomy in patients aged 65 yr and over. Risk and prediction of risk using multiple logistic regression analysis.},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Emergencies,Female,Hospital Mortality,Humans,Laparotomy,Laparotomy: mortality,Male,Models, Theoretical,Pilot Projects,Prospective Studies,ROC Curve,Regression Analysis,Risk Assessment,Risk Factors},
 pages = {776-81},
 volume = {80},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9771307},
 month = {6},
 id = {cf549134-d04c-3e97-aa7b-e90c35003dc0},
 created = {2014-10-14T09:23:23.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {341834ae-df6e-3305-9ea5-95d94ce15292},
 group_id = {62784a9e-1455-39bf-ae63-5ef2a147689e},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T15:15:44.505Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {We studied 107 patients aged over 65 years undergoing urgent or emergency laparotomy. Aspects of preoperative assessment, perioperative management and postoperative care were analysed by multiple logistic regression to determine the factors that predicted hospital survival. We determined which factors influenced anaesthetists' prediction that patients would survive. These predictions were made both before and immediately after operation. The factors associated with the use of invasive cardiovascular monitoring were also studied. We obtained a model that accounted for 93% of the variability in the likelihood of survival. Age and ASA status were significant predictors of survival (P < 0.05), and of anaesthetists' prediction of mortality both before and after operation. Several other factors were significant determinants of survival but were not determinants of the anaesthetist's opinion regarding survival.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cook, T M and Day, C J},
 journal = {British journal of anaesthesia},
 number = {6}
}

@article{clark_interface_1998,
	title = {The interface between bone and tendon at an insertion site: a study of the quadriceps tendon insertion},
	volume = {192 ( Pt 4)},
	issn = {0021-8782},
	shorttitle = {The interface between bone and tendon at an insertion site},
	abstract = {Traumatic avulsions of ligament or tendon insertions rarely occur at the actual interface with bone, which suggests that this attachment is strong or otherwise protected from injury by the structure of the insertion complex. In this study we describe the terminal extent of quadriceps tendon fibres where they insert into the patellae of adult rabbits, humans, dogs and sheep. Specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). To facilitate tracing of tendon fibres the specimens were decalcified for SEM, and polarised light microscopy (PLM) was used in the LM segment of the study. By SEM it was possible to identify mature bone by the presence of osteocytes and a lamellar organisation. PLM and SEM showed that, unlike tendon fibres elsewhere, those in the calcified fibrocartilage were not crimped. No specific cement line was identified by SEM. Tendon fibres interdigitated among separate bone lamellar systems, (osteons or marrow spaces), but did not merge with the collagen systems of individual lamellae. The interdigitation was more extensive and the margin between tendon and bone was less distinct in the anterior third of the insertion. The segment of calcified tendon which interdigitated with bone stained less intensely blue and was less cellular than the more proximal calcified fibrocartilage zone adjacent to the tidemark. Lamellar collagen fibres of the bony trabeculae in the anterior patella were unusually parallel and longitudinal in orientation, making distinction of interposed tendon fibres difficult on LM and PLM sections. LM, SEM and transmission electron microscopy of rabbit patellae at birth revealed that anterior quadriceps tendon fibres extended over the patella in a fibrous cellular layer. By 2 wk of age, this layer had acquired chondroid features (i.e. cell lacunae and metachromasia) and contained vessels extending from patellar marrow. At 6 wk of age, part of this fibrocartilaginous layer was replaced by mature bone and osteoid. In the young adult animal, the quadriceps tension interdigitates extensively with the patellar bone. This segment of the insertion is perhaps the remnant of calcified fibrocartilage which has been remodelled by bone formation.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Journal of Anatomy},
	author = {Clark, J. and Stechschulte, D. J.},
	month = may,
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9723987},
	pmcid = {PMC1467814},
	keywords = {Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Collagen, Dogs, Female, Hindlimb, Humans, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Polarization, Patella, Rabbits, Sheep, Tendons},
	pages = {605--616}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Asthma on Tristan da Cunha: looking for the genetic link. The University of Toronto Genetics of Asthma Research Group},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Allergens/diagnostic use,Asthma/epidemiology/*genetics,Atlantic Ocean,Bronchoconstrictor Agents/diagnostic use,Child,Child, Preschool,Consanguinity,Female,Forced Expiratory Volume,Founder Effect,Humans,Linkage (Genetics),Male,Methacholine Chloride/diagnostic use,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sex Distribution,Skin Tests},
 pages = {1902-1906},
 volume = {153},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8665053},
 id = {ba377ad3-36ac-3937-b8d3-44f6b08c99e3},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.103Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.287Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1073-449x<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Although asthma has a significant heritable component, the mode of inheritance remains controversial because of the complexity of the disease and the influence of environmental factors. Isolated, inbred populations serve to reduce variability, thus increasing the probability of gene localization. We studied the inbred population of the remote island of Tristan da Cunha to document asthma prevalence for the purpose of genetic linkage analysis. Medical histories and skin atopy were determined on 282 islanders, representing 97% of the population, and airway responsiveness was measured in 254; 226 by methacholine challenge (tidal breathing method) and 28 by bronchodilator response (400 micrograms salbutamol aerosol). Blood samples were collected from 275 islanders. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 94 yr. Asthma was defined as increased airway responsiveness (AR+: PC20 < 4 mg/ml or > or = 15% increase in FEV1 postbronchodilator) combined with a positive history (Hx+). Fifty-seven percent of the islanders had at least partial evidence of asthma (Hx+ and/or AR+) and 23% had a definitive diagnosis of asthma (AR+ with Hx+). Overall 47% of the population were atopic, atopy was proportionally higher in asthmatics (74%) than nonasthmatics (32%; p < 0.01). Analysis of the methacholine dose-response curves demonstrated that asthmatics were significantly (p < 0.01) more responsive than those with AR+ only, and nonasthmatics (AR-, Hx-) were more responsive than laboratory control subjects (p < 0.05), suggesting that these islanders may also carry an airway hyperresponsiveness gene. A frequency plot of the percent fall in FEV1 for all Hx- subjects compared with control data suggests a bimodal distribution consistent with a major gene mechanism for airway responsiveness. Genealogy mapping revealed that the islanders are direct descendants of the 15 original settlers, and historical records suggest at least two founders may have been asthmatic. The data confirm previous reports of a high asthma prevalence on Tristan and support the postulate that this prevalence is a result of gene enrichment occurring in isolated populations by virtue of extensive inbreeding and a probable founder effect.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zamel, N and McClean, P A and Sandell, P R and Siminovitch, K A and Slutsky, A S},
 journal = {Am J Respir Crit Care Med},
 number = {6 Pt 1}
}

@article{derby_erythromycin-associated_1993,
	title = {Erythromycin-associated cholestatic hepatitis},
	volume = {158},
	issn = {0025-729X},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To estimate the risk of cholestatic hepatitis of uncertain origin in patients who had recently received erythromycin, a drug which is known to cause this disorder.
DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using data automatically recorded on general practitioners' office computers.
SETTING: Some 600 general practices in the United Kingdom.
SUBJECTS: 366,064 people who received erythromycin.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinically documented cholestatic hepatitis of uncertain origin diagnosed 1-45 days after a prescription for erythromycin.
RESULTS: There were 13 cases of cholestatic hepatitis of uncertain origin diagnosed within 45 days of receiving erythromycin which were either characteristic of or consistent with a syndrome previously described as being associated with this drug.
CONCLUSION: The risk of cholestatic jaundice associated with erythromycin is estimated to be in the range of 3.6 per 100,000 users (95\% confidence interval, 1.9-6.1).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {The Medical Journal of Australia},
	author = {Derby, L. E. and Jick, H. and Henry, D. A. and Dean, A. D.},
	month = may,
	year = {1993},
	pmid = {8479375},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Cholestasis, Cohort Studies, Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Erythromycin, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies},
	pages = {600--602}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{yang_value_1992,
	title = {Value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusion: analysis of 320 cases.},
	volume = {159},
	issn = {0361-803X},
	shorttitle = {Value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusion},
	url = {http://www.ajronline.org/doi/abs/10.2214/ajr.159.1.1609716},
	doi = {10.2214/ajr.159.1.1609716},
	abstract = {ABSTRACT : To assess the value of sonography in determining the nature of pleural effusions, we prospectively analyzed the sonographic findings in 320 patients with pleural effusion of various causes (224 with exudates and 96 with transudates). The nature of the effusions was established on the basis of chemical, bacteriologic, and cytologic examination of pleural fluid; pleural biopsy; and clinical follow-up. All patients had high-frequency, real-time sonography performed by one of three sonographers who had no clinical information concerning the patients. The sonographer evaluated the images for internal echogenicity of the effusion, thickness of the pleura, and associated parenchymal lesions of the lung. The images were also printed out and interpreted a second time by the other two sonographers to reach a consensus. Our results showed that the two types of effusions could be distinguished on the basis of sonographic findings. Transudates were anechoic, whereas an anechoic effusion could be either a transudate or an exudate. Pleural effusions with complex septated, complex nonseptated, or homogeneously echogenic patterns were always exudates (p less than .01). Sonographic findings of thickened pleura and associated parenchymal lesions in the lung also were indicative of an exudate (p less than .01). Homogenous echogenic effusions were due to hemorrhagic effusion or empyema. Sonographic evidence of a pleural nodule was a specific finding in patients with a malignant effusion. We conclude that sonography is useful in determining the nature of pleural effusion.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2015-01-20TZ},
	journal = {American Journal of Roentgenology},
	author = {Yang, P C and Luh, K T and Chang, D B and Wu, H D and Yu, C J and Kuo, S H},
	month = jul,
	year = {1992},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Pleura, Pleural Effusion, Prospective Studies},
	pages = {29--33}
}

@article{moore_hyperkalaemia_1989,
	title = {Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital},
	volume = {102},
	issn = {0028-8446},
	abstract = {A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83\%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60\%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41\%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69\%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {878},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Moore, M. L. and Bailey, R. R.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1989},
	pmid = {2812582},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies, Sampling Studies, Time Factors},
	pages = {557--558}
}

@article{franklin_sex_2009,
	title = {Sex differences in the association between body mass index and total hip or knee joint replacement resulting from osteoarthritis},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {1468-2060},
	doi = {10.1136/ard.2007.086868},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To examine the association between body mass index ({BMI}) and osteoarthritis ({OA}) leading to total hip ({THR}) or knee ({TKR}) joint replacement.
{METHODS}: Case-control study design. All patients still living in Iceland who had had a {THR} or {TKR} resulting from {OA} before the end of 2002 were invited to participate. First-degree relatives of participating patients served as controls. A total of 1473 patients (872 women) and 1103 controls (599 women), all born between 1910 and 1939 and who had answered a questionnaire including questions about height and weight, were analysed. A randomly selected sample, representative of the Icelandic population, was used as a secondary control group.
{RESULTS}: The {OR}, adjusted for age, occupation and presence of hand {OA}, for having a {THR} was 1.1 (95\% {CI} 0.9 to 1.5) for overweight men and 1.7 (95\% {CI} 1.0 to 2.9) for obese men. The {OR} for having a {TKR} was 1.7 (95\% {CI} 1.1 to 2.6) for overweight men and 5.3 (95\% {CI} 2.8 to 10.1) for obese men. The {OR} for having a {THR} was 1.0 (95\% {CI} 0.8 to 1.3) for overweight women and 1.0 (95\% {CI} 0.6 to 1.5) for obese women. The {OR} for having a {TKR} was 1.6 (95\% {CI} 1.1 to 2.2) for overweight women and 4.0 (95\% {CI} 2.6 to 6.1) for obese women.
{CONCLUSION}: This study supports a positive association between high {BMI} and {TKR} in both sexes, but for {THR} the association with {BMI} seems to be weaker, and possibly negligible for women.},
	pages = {536--540},
	number = {4},
	journaltitle = {Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases},
	shortjournal = {Ann. Rheum. Dis.},
	author = {Franklin, J. and Ingvarsson, T. and Englund, M. and Lohmander, L. S.},
	date = {2009-04},
	pmid = {18504290},
	keywords = {Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Family, Female, Humans, Iceland, Male, Obesity, Occupational Diseases, Odds Ratio, Osteoarthritis, Hip, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Overweight, Regression Analysis, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors}
}

@article{joud_low_2012,
	title = {Low back pain: epidemiology of consultations.},
	volume = {64},
	rights = {Copyright (c) 2012 by the American College of Rheumatology.},
	issn = {2151-4658 2151-464X},
	doi = {10.1002/acr.21642},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: Low back pain ({LBP}) affects most people at some stage in life. However, the burden on the health care system is unclear. We studied: 1) the},
	pages = {1084--1088},
	number = {7},
	journaltitle = {Arthritis care \& research},
	shortjournal = {Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)},
	author = {Joud, Anna and Petersson, Ingemar F. and Englund, Martin},
	date = {2012-07},
	pmid = {22337573},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Delivery of Health Care/utilization, Female, Humans, Low Back Pain/*diagnosis/*epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Referral and Consultation/*statistics \& numerical data, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Sweden/epidemiology}
}