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@article{bobb_bayesian_2015,
	title = {Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1468-4357},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25532525/},
	doi = {10.1093/BIOSTATISTICS/KXU058},
	abstract = {Because humans are invariably exposed to complex chemical mixtures, estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant exposures is of critical concern in environmental epidemiology, and to regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, most health effects studies focus on single agents or consider simple two-way interaction models, in part because we lack the statistical methodology to more realistically capture the complexity of mixed exposures. We introduce Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) as a new approach to study mixtures, in which the health outcome is regressed on a flexible function of the mixture (e.g. air pollution or toxic waste) components that is specified using a kernel function. In high-dimensional settings, a novel hierarchical variable selection approach is incorporated to identify important mixture components and account for the correlated structure of the mixture. Simulation studies demonstrate the success of BKMR in estimating the exposure-response function and in identifying the individual components of the mixture responsible for health effects. We demonstrate the features of the method through epidemiology and toxicology applications.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-12-16},
	journal = {Biostatistics (Oxford, England)},
	author = {Bobb, Jennifer F. and Valeri, Linda and Claus Henn, Birgit and Christiani, David C. and Wright, Robert O. and Mazumdar, Maitreyi and Godleski, John J. and Coull, Brent A.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25532525},
	note = {Publisher: Biostatistics},
	keywords = {Animals, Bangladesh, Bayes Theorem*, Biostatistics, Brent A Coull, Child, Developmental Disabilities / etiology, Dogs, Environmental Health / statistics \& numerical data, Environmental Pollutants / adverse effects*, Extramural, Female, Hemodynamics / drug effects, Humans, Infant, Jennifer F Bobb, Linda Valeri, MEDLINE, Machine Learning, Metals / adverse effects, Models, N.I.H., NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Neurodevelopmental Disorders / etiology, Non-P.H.S., Normal Distribution, PMC5963470, Pregnancy, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Regression Analysis, Research Support, Statistical, U.S. Gov't, doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxu058, pmid:25532525},
	pages = {493--508},
}

@article{aviezer_body_2012,
	title = {Body cues, not facial expressions, discriminate between intense positive and negative emotions.},
	volume = {338},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1224313},
	abstract = {The distinction between positive and negative emotions is fundamental in emotion models. Intriguingly, neurobiological work suggests shared mechanisms across positive and negative emotions. We tested whether similar overlap occurs in real-life facial expressions. During peak intensities of emotion, positive and negative situations were successfully discriminated from isolated bodies but not faces. Nevertheless, viewers perceived illusory positivity or negativity in the nondiagnostic faces when seen with bodies. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, we created compounds of intense negative faces combined with positive bodies, and vice versa. Perceived affect and mimicry of the faces shifted systematically as a function of their contextual body emotion. These findings challenge standard models of emotion expression and highlight the role of the body in expressing and perceiving emotions},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6111},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Aviezer, Hillel and Trope, Yaacov and Todorov, Alexander},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23197536},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1095-9203},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Cues, Emotions, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Illusions, Kinesics, Male, Perception, Young Adult, randomized controlled trial, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.},
	pages = {1225--1229},
}

@article{mumford_detecting_2010,
	title = {Detecting network modules in {fMRI} time series: a weighted network analysis approach.},
	volume = {52},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.047},
	abstract = {Many network analyses of fMRI data begin by defining a set of regions, extracting the mean signal from each region and then analyzing the correlations between regions. One essential question that has not been addressed in the literature is how to best define the network neighborhoods over which a signal is combined for network analyses. Here we present a novel unsupervised method for the identification of tightly interconnected voxels, or modules, from fMRI data. This approach, weighted voxel coactivation network analysis (WVCNA), is based on a method that was originally developed to find modules of genes in gene networks. This approach differs from many of the standard network approaches in fMRI in that connections between voxels are described by a continuous measure, whereas typically voxels are considered to be either connected or not connected depending on whether the correlation between the two voxels survives a hard threshold value. Additionally, instead of simply using pairwise correlations to describe the connection between two voxels, WVCNA relies on a measure of topological overlap, which not only compares how correlated two voxels are but also the degree to which the pair of voxels is highly correlated with the same other voxels. We demonstrate the use of WVCNA to parcellate the brain into a set of modules that are reliably detected across data within the same subject and across subjects. In addition we compare WVCNA to ICA and show that the WVCNA modules have some of the same structure as the ICA components, but tend to be more spatially focused. We also demonstrate the use of some of the WVCNA network metrics for assessing a voxel's membership to a module and also how that voxel relates to other modules. Last, we illustrate how WVCNA modules can be used in a network analysis to find connections between regions of the brain and show that it produces reasonable results},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Neuroimage},
	author = {Mumford, Jeanette A and Horvath, Steve and Oldham, Michael C and Langfelder, Peter and Geschwind, Daniel H and Poldrack, Russell A},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20553896},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1095-9572},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Brain, Brain Mapping, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Image Enhancement, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, research support, n.i.h., extramural, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.},
	pages = {1465--1476},
}

@article{fox_hum_2009,
	title = {Hum {Brain} {Mapp}},
	volume = {30},
	doi = {10.1002/hbm.20682},
	abstract = {Editors of scientific journals are ethically bound to provide a fair and impartial peer-review process and to protect the rights of contributing authors to publish research results. If, however, a dispute arises among investigators regarding data ownership and the right to publish, the ethical responsibilities of journal editors become more complex. The editors of Human Brain Mapping recently had the unusual experience of learning of an ongoing dispute regarding data-access rights pertaining to a manuscript already accepted for publication. Herein the editors describe the nature of the dispute, the steps taken to explore and resolve the conflict, and discuss the ethical principles that govern such circumstances. Drawing on this experience and with the goal of avoiding future controversies, the editors have formulated a Data Rights Policy and a Data Rights Procedure for Human Brain Mapping. Human Brain Mapping adopts this policy effective immediately and respectfully suggests that other journals consider adopting this or similar policies},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Protecting peer review: correspondence chronology and ethical analysis regarding Logothetis vs. Shmuel and Leopold.},
	author = {Fox, Peter T and Bullmore, Ed and Bandettini, Peter A and Lancaster, Jack L},
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19067328},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1097-0193},
	keywords = {Duplicate Publication as Topic, Editorial Policies, Humans, Neurosciences, Peer Review, Research, Periodicals as Topic, Scientific Misconduct, editorial, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {347--354},
}

@article{duncan_distinct_2009,
	title = {Distinct memory signatures in the hippocampus: intentional {States} distinguish match and mismatch enhancement signals.},
	volume = {29},
	doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2998-08.2009},
	abstract = {Incoming events that match or mismatch stored representations are thought to influence the ability of the hippocampus to switch between memory encoding and retrieval modes. Electrophysiological work has dissociated match and mismatch signals in the monkey perirhinal cortex, where match signals were selective for matches to goal states, whereas mismatch signals were not modulated by intention (Miller and Desimone, 1994). To investigate whether the theoretically important relational match and mismatch signals in the hippocampus are modulated by goal states, we fully crossed whether a probe stimulus relationally matched or mismatched a previously perceived image or goal state. Subjects performed two working memory tasks in which they either responded "yes" to probes that were identical to the previous sample scene or, after performing a relational manipulation of the scene, responded "yes" only to a probe that was identical to this perceptually novel image. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found evidence for relational match enhancements bilaterally in the hippocampus that were selective for matches between the probe stimulus and goal state, but were not modulated by whether that goal was perceptually novel. Moreover, we found evidence for a complementary hippocampal mismatch enhancement that was triggered by stimuli containing salient perceptual manipulations. Our results provided evidence for parallel memory signatures in the hippocampus: a controlled match signal that can detect matches to internally generated goal states and an automatic mismatch signal that can identify unpredicted perceptual novelty.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Neurosci},
	author = {Duncan, Katherine and Curtis, Clayton and Davachi, Lila},
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19129391},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1529-2401},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Brain Mapping, Discrimination Learning, Female, Goals, Hippocampus, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Intention, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Young Adult, research support, n.i.h., extramural},
	pages = {131--139},
}

@article{freiwald_face_2009,
	title = {A face feature space in the macaque temporal lobe.},
	volume = {12},
	doi = {10.1038/nn.2363},
	abstract = {The ability of primates to effortlessly recognize faces has been attributed to the existence of specialized face areas. One such area, the macaque middle face patch, consists almost entirely of cells that are selective for faces, but the principles by which these cells analyze faces are unknown. We found that middle face patch neurons detect and differentiate faces using a strategy that is both part based and holistic. Cells detected distinct constellations of face parts. Furthermore, cells were tuned to the geometry of facial features. Tuning was most often ramp-shaped, with a one-to-one mapping of feature magnitude to firing rate. Tuning amplitude depended on the presence of a whole, upright face and features were interpreted according to their position in a whole, upright face. Thus, cells in the middle face patch encode axes of a face space specialized for whole, upright faces},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Nat Neurosci},
	author = {Freiwald, Winrich A and Tsao, Doris Y and Livingstone, Margaret S},
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19668199},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1546-1726},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Face, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Temporal Lobe, Time Factors, Visual Perception, research support, n.i.h., extramural, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {1187--1196},
}

@article{alvarez_effect_2009,
	title = {Effect of various parameters on viability and growth of bacteria immobilized in sol-gel-derived silica matrices.},
	volume = {82},
	doi = {10.1007/s00253-008-1783-9},
	abstract = {Immobilized bacteria are being extensively used for metabolite production, biocatalysts, and biosensor construction. However, long-term viability and metabolic activity of entrapped bacteria is affected by several conditions such as their physiological state, the presence of high-osmolarity environments, porous structure and shrinkage of the matrix. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of various parameters on bacteria immobilized in sol-gel-derived silica matrices. With this purpose, we evaluated the stress of immobilization over bacteria cultures obtained from different growing states, the effect of cell density and bacteria capability to proliferate inside matrices. Best results to attain longer preservation times were obtained when we immobilized suspensions with an optimized bacterial number of 1 x 10(7) cfu/gel in the presence of LB medium using aqueous silica precursors. Furthermore, the impact of osmotic stress with the subsequent intracellular trehalose accumulation and the addition of osmolites were investigated. Shorter preservation times were found for bacteria immobilized in the presence of osmolites while trehalose accumulation in stressed cells did not produce changes on entrapped bacteria viability. Finally, nutrient addition in silica matrices was studied indicating that the presence of a carbon source without the simultaneous addition of nitrogen was detrimental for immobilized E. coli. However, when both carbon and nitrogen sources were present, bacteria were able to survive longer periods of time.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Appl Microbiol Biotechnol},
	author = {Alvarez, Gisela S and Foglia, María L and Copello, Guillermo J and Desimone, Martín F and Diaz, Luis E},
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19034444},
	note = {Place: Germany
ISBN: 1432-0614},
	keywords = {Acids, Cells, Immobilized, Culture Media, Culture Techniques, Escherichia coli, Glycerol, Microbial Viability, Osmotic Pressure, Silicon Dioxide, Trehalose, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {639--646},
}

@article{cohen_auditory_2009,
	title = {Auditory recognition memory is inferior to visual recognition memory.},
	volume = {106},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0811884106},
	abstract = {Visual memory for scenes is surprisingly robust. We wished to examine whether an analogous ability exists in the auditory domain. Participants listened to a variety of sound clips and were tested on their ability to distinguish old from new clips. Stimuli ranged from complex auditory scenes (e.g., talking in a pool hall) to isolated auditory objects (e.g., a dog barking) to music. In some conditions, additional information was provided to help participants with encoding. In every situation, however, auditory memory proved to be systematically inferior to visual memory. This suggests that there exists either a fundamental difference between auditory and visual stimuli, or, more plausibly, an asymmetry between auditory and visual processing},
	language = {eng},
	number = {14},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	author = {Cohen, Michael A and Horowitz, Todd S and Wolfe, Jeremy M},
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19307569},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1091-6490},
	keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adolescent, Adult, Auditory Perception, Humans, Memory, Middle Aged, Recognition (Psychology), Visual Perception, Young Adult, comparative study, research support, n.i.h., extramural, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.},
	pages = {6008--6010},
}

@article{driver_multisensory_2008,
	title = {Multisensory interplay reveals crossmodal influences on 'sensory-specific' brain regions, neural responses, and judgments.},
	volume = {57},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2007.12.013},
	abstract = {Although much traditional sensory research has studied each sensory modality in isolation, there has been a recent explosion of interest in causal interplay between different senses. Various techniques have now identified numerous multisensory convergence zones in the brain. Some convergence may arise surprisingly close to low-level sensory-specific cortex, and some direct connections may exist even between primary sensory cortices. A variety of multisensory phenomena have now been reported in which sensory-specific brain responses and perceptual judgments concerning one sense can be affected by relations with other senses. We survey recent progress in this multisensory field, foregrounding human studies against the background of invasive animal work and highlighting possible underlying mechanisms. These include rapid feedforward integration, possible thalamic influences, and/or feedback from multisensory regions to sensory-specific brain areas. Multisensory interplay is more prevalent than classic modular approaches assumed, and new methods are now available to determine the underlying circuits},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Neuron},
	author = {Driver, Jon and Noesselt, Toemme},
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18184561},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0896-6273},
	keywords = {Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Judgment, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, review},
	pages = {11--23},
}

@article{abrahams_advances_2008,
	title = {Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology.},
	volume = {9},
	doi = {10.1038/nrg2346},
	abstract = {Autism is a heterogeneous syndrome defined by impairments in three core domains: social interaction, language and range of interests. Recent work has led to the identification of several autism susceptibility genes and an increased appreciation of the contribution of de novo and inherited copy number variation. Promising strategies are also being applied to identify common genetic risk variants. Systems biology approaches, including array-based expression profiling, are poised to provide additional insights into this group of disorders, in which heterogeneity, both genetic and phenotypic, is emerging as a dominant theme.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Nat Rev Genet},
	author = {Abrahams, Brett S and Geschwind, Daniel H},
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18414403},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 1471-0064},
	keywords = {Animals, Autism, Autistic Disorder, Gene Dosage, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Phenotype, Systems Biology, research support, n.i.h., extramural, research support, non-u.s. gov't, review},
	pages = {341--355},
}

@article{goff_not_2008,
	title = {Not yet human: implicit knowledge, historical dehumanization, and contemporary consequences.},
	volume = {94},
	doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292},
	abstract = {Historical representations explicitly depicting Blacks as apelike have largely disappeared in the United States, yet a mental association between Blacks and apes remains. Here, the authors demonstrate that U.S. citizens implicitly associate Blacks and apes. In a series of laboratory studies, the authors reveal how this association influences study participants' basic cognitive processes and significantly alters their judgments in criminal justice contexts. Specifically, this Black-ape association alters visual perception and attention, and it increases endorsement of violence against Black suspects. In an archival study of actual criminal cases, the authors show that news articles written about Blacks who are convicted of capital crimes are more likely to contain ape-relevant language than news articles written about White convicts. Moreover, those who are implicitly portrayed as more apelike in these articles are more likely to be executed by the state than those who are not. The authors argue that examining the subtle persistence of specific historical representations such as these may not only enhance contemporary research on dehumanization, stereotyping, and implicit processes but also highlight common forms of discrimination that previously have gone unrecognized.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {J Pers Soc Psychol},
	author = {Goff, Phillip Atiba and Eberhardt, Jennifer L and Williams, Melissa J and Jackson, Matthew Christian},
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18211178},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0022-3514},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, African Continental Ancestry Group, Civil Rights, Dehumanization, European Continental Ancestry Group, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Male, Obama Effect, Prejudice, Questionnaires, Stereotyping, United States, historical article, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {292--306},
}

@article{breier_spatiotemporal_2008,
	title = {Spatiotemporal patterns of brain activation during an action naming task using magnetoencephalography.},
	volume = {25},
	doi = {10.1097/WNP.0b013e318163ccd5},
	abstract = {Eight right-handed subjects were asked to silently generate a verb to a visual stimulus while the magnetic flux normal to the scalp surface was recorded with a whole-head neuromagnetometer. The spatiotemporal patterns of activation in lateral occipital, inferior parietal, superior temporal, basal temporal, and inferior frontal cortices were estimated using minimum estimation, a distributed source analysis methodology. Although there was significant variability among subjects, averaged data indicated that latencies of peak activation in these regions of interest progressed from posterior to anterior. Peak latencies were earliest in lateral occipital cortex and latest in pars opercularis and pars triangularis in the inferior frontal gyrus. Lateralization of activation was strongest in pars opercularis, which is part of classical Broca's area, with activation being stronger in this area within the left hemisphere in every subject. Results provide support for the use of magnetoencephalography in conjunction with MNE analysis for the purpose of lateralizing and localizing language-specific activation in frontal areas as well as the study of the spatiotemporal parameters of brain activation associated with cognitive function.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Clin Neurophysiol},
	author = {Breier, Joshua I and Papanicolaou, Andrew C},
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18303555},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0736-0258},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetocardiography, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, research support, n.i.h., extramural},
	pages = {7--12},
}

@article{kiani_object_2007,
	title = {Object category structure in response patterns of neuronal population in monkey inferior temporal cortex.},
	volume = {97},
	doi = {10.1152/jn.00024.2007},
	abstract = {Our mental representation of object categories is hierarchically organized, and our rapid and seemingly effortless categorization ability is crucial for our daily behavior. Here, we examine responses of a large number ({\textgreater}600) of neurons in monkey inferior temporal (IT) cortex with a large number ({\textgreater}1,000) of natural and artificial object images. During the recordings, the monkeys performed a passive fixation task. We found that the categorical structure of objects is represented by the pattern of activity distributed over the cell population. Animate and inanimate objects created distinguishable clusters in the population code. The global category of animate objects was divided into bodies, hands, and faces. Faces were divided into primate and nonprimate faces, and the primate-face group was divided into human and monkey faces. Bodies of human, birds, and four-limb animals clustered together, whereas lower animals such as fish, reptile, and insects made another cluster. Thus the cluster analysis showed that IT population responses reconstruct a large part of our intuitive category structure, including the global division into animate and inanimate objects, and further hierarchical subdivisions of animate objects. The representation of categories was distributed in several respects, e.g., the similarity of response patterns to stimuli within a category was maintained by both the cells that maximally responded to the category and the cells that responded weakly to the category. These results advance our understanding of the nature of the IT neural code, suggesting an inherently categorical representation that comprises a range of categories including the amply investigated face category.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {J Neurophysiol},
	author = {Kiani, Roozbeh and Esteky, Hossein and Mirpour, Koorosh and Tanaka, Keiji},
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17428910},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0022-3077},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Brain Mapping, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Probability, Reaction Time, Temporal Lobe, Visual Pathways, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {4296--4309},
}

@article{borowsky_neural_2007,
	title = {Neural representations of visual words and objects: a functional {MRI} study on the modularity of reading and object processing.},
	volume = {20},
	doi = {10.1007/s10548-007-0034-1},
	abstract = {There have been several studies supporting the notion of a ventral-dorsal distinction in the primate cortex for visual object processing, whereby the ventral stream specializes in object identification, and the dorsal stream is engaged during object localization and interaction. There is also a growing body of evidence supporting a ventral stream that specializes in lexical (i.e., whole-word) reading, and a dorsal stream that is engaged during sub-lexical reading (i.e., phonetic decoding). Here, we consider the extent to which word-reading processes are located in regions either intersecting with, or unique from, regions that sub-serve object processing along these streams. Object identification was contrasted with lexical-based reading, and object interaction processing (i.e., deciding how to interact with an object) was contrasted with sub-lexical reading. Our results suggest that object identification and lexical-based reading are largely ventral and modular, showing mainly unique regions of activation (parahippocampal and occipital-temporal gyri function associated with object identification, and lingual, lateral occipital, and posterior inferior temporal gyri function associated with lexical-based reading) and very little shared activation (posterior inferior frontal gyrus). Object interaction processing and phonetic decoding are largely dorsal, and show both modular regions of activation (more lateralized to the dorsal-frontal right hemisphere for pseudohomophone naming, and more to the dorsal-frontal left hemisphere for the object interaction task) as well as significant shared regions of processing (precentral gyri, left inferior frontal cortex, left postcentral gyrus, left lateral occipital cortex, and superior posterior temporal gyri). Given that the perceptual experimental conditions show primarily modular and very little shared processing, whereas the analytical conditions show both substantial modular and shared processing, we discuss a reconsideration of "modularity of mind" which involves a continuum between strictly modular processing and varying degrees of shared processing, and which also depends on the nature of the tasks compared (i.e., perceptual versus analytical).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Brain Topogr},
	author = {Borowsky, Ron and Esopenko, Carrie and Cummine, Jacqueline and Sarty, Gordon E},
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17929158},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0896-0267},
	keywords = {Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Functional Laterality, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language, Language Tests, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reading, Temporal Lobe, Verbal Behavior, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {89--96},
}

@article{saito_practice_2006,
	title = {Practice makes perfect: the neural substrates of tactile discrimination by {Mah}-{Jong} experts include the primary visual cortex.},
	volume = {7},
	doi = {10.1186/1471-2202-7-79},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: It has yet to be determined whether visual-tactile cross-modal plasticity due to visual deprivation, particularly in the primary visual cortex (V1), is solely due to visual deprivation or if it is a result of long-term tactile training. Here we conducted an fMRI study with normally-sighted participants who had undergone long-term training on the tactile shape discrimination of the two dimensional (2D) shapes on Mah-Jong tiles (Mah-Jong experts). Eight Mah-Jong experts and twelve healthy volunteers who were naïve to Mah-Jong performed a tactile shape matching task using Mah-Jong tiles with no visual input. Furthermore, seven out of eight experts performed a tactile shape matching task with unfamiliar 2D Braille characters. RESULTS: When participants performed tactile discrimination of Mah-Jong tiles, the left lateral occipital cortex (LO) and V1 were activated in the well-trained subjects. In the naïve subjects, the LO was activated but V1 was not activated. Both the LO and V1 of the well-trained subjects were activated during Braille tactile discrimination tasks. CONCLUSION: The activation of V1 in subjects trained in tactile discrimination may represent altered cross-modal responses as a result of long-term training.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC Neurosci},
	author = {Saito, Daisuke N and Okada, Tomohisa and Honda, Manabu and Yonekura, Yoshiharu and Sadato, Norihiro},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {17144928},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 1471-2202},
	keywords = {Adult, Discrimination Learning, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Humans, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Photic Stimulation, Physical Stimulation, Play and Playthings, Task Performance and Analysis, Touch, Visual Cortex, comparative study, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {79},
}

@article{orban_extracting_2006,
	title = {Extracting {3D} structure from disparity.},
	volume = {29},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.012},
	abstract = {The neural mechanisms of stereoscopic 3D shape perception have only recently been investigated. Here we review the two cortical regions in which these mechanisms have been studied so far in macaques: a small subpart of inferotemporal cortex called TEs, and the caudal intraparietal (CIP) region. Neurons in TEs respond selectively to the orientation and curvature in depth of stereoscopic surfaces and this region provides a detailed 3D shape description of surface boundaries and surface content. This description is evoked only by binocular stimuli in which subjects see depth and it does not vary if depth is specified by different cues. Neurons in CIP are a selective for orientation in depth of surfaces and elongated objects, and their responses are also unaffected by changes in depth cues. Thus, stereoscopic 3D shape is processed in both the dorsal, occipito-parietal and the ventral, occipito-temporal streams.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Trends Neurosci},
	author = {Orban, Guy A and Janssen, Peter and Vogels, Rufin},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16842865},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 0166-2236},
	keywords = {Animals, Functional Laterality, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Vision Disparity, Visual Pathways, research support, non-u.s. gov't, review},
	pages = {466--473},
}

@article{ganel_relationship_2006,
	title = {The relationship between {fMRI} adaptation and repetition priming.},
	volume = {32},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.039},
	abstract = {Neuroimaging investigations of the cortically defined fMRI adaptation effect and of the behaviorally defined repetition priming effect have provided useful insights into how visual information is perceived and stored in the brain. Yet, although both phenomena are typically associated with reduced activation in visually responsive brain regions as a result of stimulus repetition, it is presently unknown whether they rely on common or dissociable neural mechanisms. In an event-related fMRI experiment, we manipulated fMRI adaptation and repetition priming orthogonally. Subjects made comparative size judgments for pairs of stimuli that depicted either the same or different objects; some of the pairs presented during scanning had been shown previously and others were new. This design allowed us to examine whether object-selective regions in occipital and temporal cortex were sensitive to adaptation, priming, or both. Critically, it also allowed us to test whether any region showing sensitivity to both manipulations displayed interactive or additive effects. Only a partial overlap was found between areas that were sensitive to fMRI adaptation and those sensitive to repetition priming. Moreover, in most of the object-selective regions that showed both effects, the reduced activation associated with the two phenomena were additive rather than interactive. Together, these findings suggest that fMRI adaptation and repetition priming can be dissociated from one another in terms of their neural mechanisms},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Neuroimage},
	author = {Ganel, Tzvi and Gonzalez, Claudia L R and Valyear, Kenneth F and Culham, Jody C and Goodale, Melvyn A and Köhler, Stefan},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16854597},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1053-8119},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Cues, Evoked Potentials, Female, Functional Laterality, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Occipital Lobe, Oxygen, Reaction Time, Temporal Lobe, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, clinical trial, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {1432--1440},
}

@article{heisz_progressive_2006,
	title = {Progressive {N170} habituation to unattended repeated faces.},
	volume = {46},
	doi = {10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.028},
	abstract = {This study utilized a location-matching task to investigate whether the face-sensitive N170 event-related potential component would habituate in its response to the repeated presentation of same face stimuli when face identity was irrelevant to the experimental task. N170 amplitude decreased progressively with repeated presentation of the same face vs. sequential presentation of novel faces. This N170 habituation to face identity repetition occurred only for faces at unattended spatial locations, likely representing a relatively pure observation of automatic early face processing.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {Vision Res},
	author = {Heisz, Jennifer J and Watter, Scott and Shedden, Judith M},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16289274},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 0042-6989},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Face, Female, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Recognition (Psychology), research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {47--56},
}

@article{
 title = {Characterization of canine superficial tumors using gray-scale B mode, color flow mapping, and spectral doppler ultrasonography--a multivariate study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Animals,Dog Diseases/pathology/physiopathology/ultrasonogr,Dogs,Female,Lipoma/blood supply/ultrasonography/veterinary,Male,Multivariate Analysis,Neoplasm Metastasis,Predictive Value of Tests,Pulsatile Flow,Regional Blood Flow,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Soft Tissue Neoplasms/blood supply/ultrasonography,Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/veterinary},
 pages = {192-198},
 volume = {47},
 city = {Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. helena@dsr.kvl.dv},
 id = {bf3d3202-f876-3f19-b88c-c47b56be7064},
 created = {2016-09-06T13:34:42.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {cacab941-be62-3845-982b-a7700857a11d},
 last_modified = {2016-09-07T14:54:39.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {LR: 20061107; PUBM: Print; JID: 9209635; ppublish},
 abstract = {Superficial tumors are not routinely evaluated by two- or three-dimensional diagnostic imaging methods as part of the staging of canine cancer patients, although superficial tumors are readily imaged by ultrasound. The objectives of this study were to characterize the ultrasonographic patterns of superficial tumors and to evaluate whether ultrasound can help discriminate between benign and malignant tumors in dogs. Superficial tumors (n=132) in 86 dogs were evaluated by B mode, color flow mapping, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Size, echogenicity, tumor border definition, invasiveness, acoustic transmission, presence and distribution of vascular flow to and within the tumor, as well as perfusion indices were measured. The tumors were classified as lipomas, benign tumors, atypical mammary tumors, and malignant tumors. Multivariate statistics using discriminant analysis was used to determine which parameters may be used to predict the status of the tumor. Tumor echogenicity, border shape, acoustic shadowing, total number of vessels to the tumor and the total flow amount are the parameters that in combination resulted in the lowest classification error (24%), meaning that on average three out of four tumors were correctly classified using these parameters. All the lipomas and atypical mammary tumors were classified correctly by ultrasonography. The results of this study show that ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of canine superficial tumors, particularly in the evaluation of tissue homogeneity and tumor vascularity.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nyman, H T and Kristensen, A T and Lee, M H and Martinussen, T and McEvoy, F J},
 journal = {Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association},
 number = {2}
}

@article{grill-spector_high-resolution_2006,
	title = {High-resolution imaging reveals highly selective nonface clusters in the fusiform face area},
	volume = {9},
	abstract = {A region in ventral human cortex (fusiform face area, FFA) thought to be important for face perception responds strongly to faces and less strongly to nonface objects. This pattern of response may reflect a uniform face-selective neural population or activity averaged across populations with heterogeneous selectivity. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we found that the FFA has a reliable heterogeneous structure: localized subregions within the FFA highly selective to faces are spatially interdigitated with localized subregions highly selective to different object categories. We found a preponderance of face-selective responses in the FFA, but no difference in selectivity to faces compared to nonfaces. Thus, standard fMRI of the FFA reflects averaging of heterogeneous highly selective neural populations of differing sizes, rather than higher selectivity to faces. These results suggest that visual processing in this region is not exclusive to faces. Overall, our approach provides a framework for understanding the fine-scale structure of neural representations in the human brain.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Nat Neurosci},
	author = {Grill-Spector, K and Sayres, R and Ress, D},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16892057},
	keywords = {*Face, Adult, Animals, Cerebral Cortex/*physiology, Cluster Analysis, Female, Form Perception/physiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Photic Stimulation, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Visual Pathways/physiology, Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {1177--1185},
}

@Article{Rayner2006,
  author   = {Keith Rayner and Sarah J White and Rebecca L Johnson and Simon P Liversedge},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Raeding wrods with jubmled lettres: there is a cost.},
  year     = {2006},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {192-3},
  volume   = {17},
  doi      = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01684.x},
  keywords = {Comprehension, Extramural, Eye Movements, Humans, N.I.H., Non-U.S. Gov't, Pattern Recognition, Reading, Research Support, Space Perception, Students, Time Factors, Visual, Visual Perception, 16507057},
}

@article{olson_amorphous_2006,
	title = {Amorphous linear aliphatic polyesters for the facile preparation of tunable rapidly degrading elastomeric devices and delivery vectors.},
	volume = {128},
	doi = {10.1021/ja063092m},
	abstract = {A versatile method for preparing amorphous degradable elastomers with tunable properties that can be easily fabricated into a wide variety of shape-specific devices was investigated. Completely amorphous, liquid poly(ester ether) prepolymers with number-average molecular weights between 4 and 6 x 10(3) g/mol were prepared via condensation polymerization. These liquid prepolymers were then thermally cross-linked to form degradable elastomeric structures. The ability to vary the composition of these liquid prepolymers allows for easy control of the mechanical and degradation properties of the resulting elastomeric structures. Materials can be designed to completely degrade in vitro over a range of 30 days to 6 months, while the Young's modulus can be varied over 3 orders of magnitude (G = 0.02-20 MPa). Also, the liquid nature of these prepolymers makes them amenable to a wide variety of fabrication techniques. Using traditional and modified imprint lithography techniques, we have fabricated devices that demonstrate a wide variety of biologically applicable topologies, which could easily be extended to fabricate devices with more complex geometries. Until now, no method has combined this ease and speed of fabrication with the ability to control the mechanical and degradation properties of the resulting elastomers over such a broad range.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {41},
	journal = {J Am Chem Soc},
	author = {Olson, David A and Gratton, Stephanie E A and DeSimone, Joseph M and Sheares, Valerie V},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {17031977},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0002-7863},
	keywords = {Biocompatible Materials, Cross-Linking Reagents, Elastomers, Materials Testing, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Models, Chemical, Molecular Weight, Polyesters, Temperature, Time Factors, research support, n.i.h., extramural, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.},
	pages = {13625--13633},
}

@article{reinholz_differential_2005,
	title = {Differential activation of object-selective visual areas by passive viewing of pictures and words.},
	volume = {24},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.04.009},
	abstract = {Functional imaging has shown that pictures of faces (N. Kanwisher, J. McDermott, M.M. Chun, The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception, J. Neurosci. 17 (1997) 4302-4311) and buildings (R. Epstein, N. Kanwisher, A cortical representation of the local visual environment, Nature 391 (1998) 598-601) activate different regions within the lateral occipital complex (LOC). To investigate effects of stimulus format on activation in these areas, we used event-related fMRI to measure brain activity during the passive viewing of pictures showing buildings and faces, and of words identifying these pictures. Consistent with earlier findings, pictures of faces activated bilateral regions in the lateral fusiform gyri, whereas pictures of buildings activated bilateral regions in the parahippocampal gyri. Analyzing the activation elicited by visually presenting the written names of the pictures, however, we did not find an effect of word meaning on the fMRI signal change in these areas: fMRI signal changes for the names of faces and the names of buildings did not differ in any of the areas selectively activated by the corresponding pictures. In general, both word conditions and non-preferred picture conditions elicited similar signal amplitudes. While presentation of words did not lead to strong activation in object-specific areas, activation for words of both categories was found in the left occipito-temporal cortex, close to the location which has tentatively been called 'visual word form area' (L. Cohen, S. Dehaene, L. Naccache, S. Lehéricy, G. Dehaene-Lambertz, et al., The visual word form are: spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients, Brain 123 (2000) 291-307), revealing that words were processed effectively during the experiment. Taken together, these results show that names of pictures do not automatically activate the corresponding object-selective areas.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res},
	author = {Reinholz, Julia and Pollmann, Stefan},
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15921900},
	note = {Place: Netherlands
ISBN: 0926-6410},
	keywords = {Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Face, Female, Form Perception, Functional Laterality, Hemodynamics, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Occipital Lobe, Oxygen, Photic Stimulation, Reading, Sex Characteristics, Temporal Lobe, Visual Perception, clinical trial, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {702--714},
}

@Article{Kurzban2005,
  author   = {Robert Kurzban and Daniel Houser},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Experiments investigating cooperative types in humans: {A} complement to evolutionary theory and simulations.},
  year     = {2005},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {1803-7},
  volume   = {102},
  abstract = {Unlike other species, humans cooperate in large, distantly related
	groups, a fact that has long presented a puzzle to biologists. The
	pathway by which adaptations for large-scale cooperation among nonkin
	evolved in humans remains a subject of vigorous debate. Results from
	theoretical analyses and agent-based simulations suggest that evolutionary
	dynamics need not yield homogeneous populations, but can instead
	generate a polymorphic population that consists of individuals who
	vary in their degree of cooperativeness. These results resonate with
	the recent increasing emphasis on the importance of individual differences
	in understanding and modeling behavior and dynamics in experimental
	games and decision problems. Here, we report the results of laboratory
	experiments that complement both theory and simulation results. We
	find that our subjects fall into three types, an individual's type
	is stable, and a group's cooperative outcomes can be remarkably well
	predicted if one knows its type composition. Reciprocal types, who
	contribute to the public good as a positive function of their beliefs
	about others' contributions, constitute the majority (63\%) of players;
	cooperators and free-riders are also present in our subject population.
	Despite substantial behavioral differences, earnings among types
	are statistically identical. Our results support the view that our
	human subject population is in a stable, polymorphic equilibrium
	of types.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0408759102},
  keywords = {Agonistic Behavior, Animals, Anura, Behavior, Animal, Cues, Male, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Vocalization, 15665099},
}

@Article{Noles2005,
  author   = {Nicholaus S Noles and Brian J Scholl and Stephen R Mitroff},
  journal  = {Percept Psychophys},
  title    = {The persistence of object file representations.},
  year     = {2005},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {324-34},
  volume   = {67},
  abstract = {Coherent visual experience of dynamic scenes requires not only that
	the visual system segment scenes into component objects but that
	these object representations persist, so that an object can be identified
	as the same object from an earlier time. Object files (OFs) are visual
	representations thought to mediate such abilities: OFs lie between
	lower level sensory processing and higher level recognition, and
	they track salient objects over time and motion. OFs have traditionally
	been studied via object-specific preview benefits (OSPBs), in which
	discriminations of an object's features are speeded when an earlier
	preview of those features occurred on the same object, as opposed
	to on a different object, beyond general displaywide priming. Despite
	its popularity, many fundamental aspects of the OF framework remain
	unexplored. For example, although OFs are thought to be involved
	primarily in online visual processing, we do not know how long such
	representations persist; previous studies found OSPBs for up to 1500
	msec but did not test for longer durations. We explored this issue
	using a modified object reviewing paradigm and found that robust
	OSPBs persist for more than five times longer than has previously
	been tested-for at least 8 sec, and possibly for much longer. Object
	files may be the "glue" that makes visual experience coherent not
	just in online moment-by-moment processing, but on the scale of seconds
	that characterizes our everyday perceptual experiences. These findings
	also bear on research in infant cognition, where OFs are thought
	to explain infants' abilities to track and enumerate small sets of
	objects over longer durations.},
  keywords = {Extramural, Humans, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Research Support, Rotation, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, 15973783},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Mapping genes of complex psychiatric diseases in Daghestan genetic isolates},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Chromosome Mapping,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3/genetics,Female,Founder Effect,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics,Humans,Linkage Disequilibrium,Male,Mental Disorders/ethnology/*genetics,Microsatellite Repeats,Multivariate Analysis,Pedigree,Phenotype,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Russia,Schizophrenia/ethnology/genetics},
 pages = {76-84},
 volume = {132},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15389762},
 id = {8f6c6132-b713-390e-b626-dfb026249513},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:34.074Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:34.225Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1552-4841 (Print)<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Genetic isolates, which provide outstanding opportunities for identification of susceptibility genes for complex diseases, can be classified as primary (having an ancient demographic history in a stable environment) or secondary (having a younger demographic history) Neel [1992: Minority populations: Genetics, demography, and health, pp. 1-13]. Daghestan contains 26 out of 50 indigenous Caucasus ethnicities that have been in existence for hundreds of generations in the same highland region. The ethnic groups are subdivided into numerous primary isolates. The founder effect and gene drift in these primary isolates may have caused aggregation of specific haplotypes with limited numbers of pathogenic alleles and loci in some isolates relative to others. These are expressed as inter-population differences in lifetime prevalence and features of certain complex clinical phenotypes and in patterns of genetic linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD). Stable highland and ethnic-cultural environments have led to increased penetrance and a reduced number of phenocopies, which typically hamper the identification of any susceptibility genes for complex diseases. Owing to these characteristics of the primary isolates, a comparative linkage study in the primary isolates allows us to define the number of susceptibility genes for any complex disease and to identify the source of variability and non-replication of linkage analysis results. As part of an ongoing study, seven extended schizophrenia and one nonspecific mental retardation kindreds have been ascertained from Daghestan isolates. Lifetime morbid risk for schizophrenia in the isolates varied from 0 to 5%. A genome scan with markers spaced 10 cM apart was carried out on these pedigrees and linkage analysis was performed using descent graph methods, as implemented in Simwalk2. To identify regions containing susceptibility genes within these kindreds, we followed up those regions with non-parametric and parametric linkage analyses, with the choice of genetic model guided by the results obtained in the NPL. While the analyses are ongoing, the most positive findings were made in different isolated pedigrees on chromosomes 17p11, 3q24, and 22q for schizophrenia and on chromosome 12q for nonspecific mental retardation.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Bulayeva, K B and Leal, S M and Pavlova, T A and Kurbanov, R M and Glatt, S J and Bulayev, O A and Tsuang, M T},
 journal = {Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet},
 number = {1}
}

@article{palmeri_visual_2004,
	title = {Visual object understanding},
	volume = {5},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Nat Rev Neurosci},
	author = {Palmeri, T J and Gauthier, I},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15034554},
	keywords = {Animals, Comprehension/*physiology, Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology, Form Perception/*physiology, Humans, Learning/physiology, Models, Neurological, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {291--303},
}

@article{cassia_can_2004,
	title = {Can a nonspecific bias toward top-heavy patterns explain newborns' face preference?},
	volume = {15},
	doi = {10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00688.x},
	abstract = {This study examined newborns' face preference using images of natural and scrambled faces in which the location of the inner features was distorted. The results demonstrate that newborns' face preference is not confined to schematic configurations, but can be obtained also with veridical faces. Moreover, this phenomenon is not produced by a specific bias toward the face geometry, but derives from a domain-general bias toward configurations with more elements in the upper than in the lower half (i.e., top-heavy patterns). These results suggest that it may be unnecessary to assume the existence of a prewired tendency to orient toward the face geometry, and support the idea that faces do not possess a special status in newborns' visual world.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Psychol Sci},
	author = {Cassia, Viola Macchi and Turati, Chiara and Simion, Francesca},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15147490},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0956-7976},
	keywords = {Choice Behavior, Cognition, Face, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {379--383},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Computer Simulation,*Pedigree,*Phylogeny,Emigration and Immigration,Female,Geography,Humans,Male,Monte Carlo Method,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Reproduction,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Time Factors},
 pages = {562-566},
 volume = {431},
 id = {c213cb6e-eeef-3a9b-8149-72c0b09cf516},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:49.961Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:50.083Z},
 tags = {04/12/23},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {If a common ancestor of all living humans is defined as an individual who is a genealogical ancestor of all present-day people, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for a randomly mating population would have lived in the very recent past. However, the random mating model ignores essential aspects of population substructure, such as the tendency of individuals to choose mates from the same social group, and the relative isolation of geographically separated groups. Here we show that recent common ancestors also emerge from two models incorporating substantial population substructure. One model, designed for simplicity and theoretical insight, yields explicit mathematical results through a probabilistic analysis. A more elaborate second model, designed to capture historical population dynamics in a more realistic way, is analysed computationally through Monte Carlo simulations. These analyses suggest that the genealogies of all living humans overlap in remarkable ways in the recent past. In particular, the MRCA of all present-day humans lived just a few thousand years ago in these models. Moreover, among all individuals living more than just a few thousand years earlier than the MRCA, each present-day human has exactly the same set of genealogical ancestors.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rohde, D L and Olson, S and Chang, J T},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7008}
}

@Article{Backwell2004,
  author   = {Patricia R Y Backwell and Michael D Jennions},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Animal behaviour: {C}oalition among male fiddler crabs.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {6998},
  pages    = {417},
  volume   = {430},
  abstract = {Until now, no compelling evidence has emerged from studies of animal
	territoriality to indicate that a resident will strategically help
	a neighbour to defend its territory against an intruder. We show
	here that territory-owning Australian fiddler crabs will judiciously
	assist other crabs in defending their neighbouring territories. This
	cooperation supports the prediction that it is sometimes less costly
	to assist a familiar neighbour than to renegotiate boundaries with
	a new, and possibly stronger, neighbour.},
  doi      = {10.1038/430417a},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Pair Bond, Social Behavior, Songbirds, Adolescent, England, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Korea, Language, Semantics, Vocabulary, Action Potentials, Hippocampus, Pyramidal Cells, Rats, Rotation, Australia, Brachyura, Cooperative Behavior, Logistic Models, Territoriality, 15269757},
}

@article{lyall_basolateral_2004,
	title = {Basolateral {Na}+-{H}+ exchanger-1 in rat taste receptor cells is involved in neural adaptation to acidic stimuli.},
	volume = {556},
	doi = {10.1113/jphysiol.2003.057745},
	abstract = {The role of basolateral Na(+)-H(+) exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) was investigated in neural adaptation of rat taste responses to acidic stimuli, by direct measurement of intracellular pH (pH(i)) in polarized taste receptor cells (TRCs) and by chorda tympani (CT) taste nerve recordings. In TRCs perfused with CO(2)/HCO(3)(-)-free solution (pH 7.4), removal of basolateral Na(+) decreased pH(i) reversibly and zoniporide, a specific NHE-1 blocker, inhibited the Na(+)-induced changes in pH(i). The spontaneous rate of TRC pH(i) recovery from NH(4)Cl pulses was inhibited by basolateral zoniporide with a K(i) of 0.33microm. Exposure to basolateral ionomycin, reversibly increased TRC Ca(2+), resting pH(i), and the spontaneous rate of pH(i) recovery from an NH(4)Cl pulse. These effects of Ca(2+) on pH(i) were blocked by zoniporide. In in vivo experiments, topical lingual application of zoniporide increased the magnitude of the CT responses to acetic acid and CO(2), but not to HCl. Topical lingual application of ionomycin did not affect the phasic part of the CT responses to acidic stimuli, but decreased the tonic part by 50\% of control over a period of about 1 min. This increased adaptation in the CT response was inhibited by zoniporide. Topical lingual application of 8-CPT-cAMP increased the CT responses to HCl, but not to CO(2), and acetic acid. In the presence of cAMP, ionomycin increased sensory adaptation to HCl, CO(2), and acetic acid. Thus, cAMP and Ca(2+) independently modulate CT responses to acidic stimuli. While cAMP enhances TRC apical H(+) entry and CT responses to strong acid, an increase in Ca(2+) activates NHE-1, and increases neural adaptation to all acidic stimuli.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {Pt 1},
	journal = {J Physiol},
	author = {Lyall, Vijay and Alam, Rammy I and Malik, Shahbaz A and Phan, Tam-Hao T and Vinnikova, Anna K and Heck, Gerard L and DeSimone, John A},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {14724181},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 0022-3751},
	keywords = {Acids, Adaptation, Physiological, Ammonium Chloride, Animals, Chorda Tympani Nerve, Cyclic AMP, Electrophysiology, Guanidines, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Intracellular Membranes, Ionomycin, Ionophores, Pyrazoles, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sensory Receptor Cells, Sodium, Sodium Acetate, Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter, Taste Buds, in vitro, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {159--173},
}

@Article{Egnor2004,
  author   = {S. E Roian Egnor and Marc D Hauser},
  journal  = {Trends Neurosci},
  title    = {A paradox in the evolution of primate vocal learning.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {11},
  pages    = {649-54},
  volume   = {27},
  abstract = {The importance of auditory feedback in the development of spoken language
	in humans is striking. Paradoxically, although auditory-feedback-dependent
	vocal plasticity has been shown in a variety of taxonomic groups,
	there is little evidence that our nearest relatives--non-human primates--require
	auditory feedback for the development of species-typical vocal signals.
	Because of the apparent lack of developmental plasticity in the vocal
	production system, neuroscientists have largely ignored the neural
	mechanisms of non-human primate vocal production and perception.
	Recently, the absence of evidence for vocal plasticity from developmental
	studies has been contrasted with evidence for vocal plasticity in
	adults. We argue that this new evidence makes non-human primate vocal
	behavior an attractive model system for neurobiological analysis.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.009},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Animal, Animals, Evolution, Humans, Learning, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Vocalization, 15474164},
}

@Article{Polley2004,
  author   = {Daniel B Polley and Marc A Heiser and David T Blake and Christoph E Schreiner and Michael M Merzenich},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Associative learning shapes the neural code for stimulus magnitude in primary auditory cortex.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {46},
  pages    = {16351-6},
  volume   = {101},
  abstract = {Since the dawn of experimental psychology, researchers have sought
	an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the amplitude
	of sensory stimuli and the magnitudes of their perceptual representations.
	Contemporary theories support the view that magnitude is encoded
	by a linear increase in firing rate established in the primary afferent
	pathways. In the present study, we have investigated sound intensity
	coding in the rat primary auditory cortex (AI) and describe its plasticity
	by following paired stimulus reinforcement and instrumental conditioning
	paradigms. In trained animals, population-response strengths in AI
	became more strongly nonlinear with increasing stimulus intensity.
	Individual AI responses became selective to more restricted ranges
	of sound intensities and, as a population, represented a broader
	range of preferred sound levels. These experiments demonstrate that
	the representation of stimulus magnitude can be powerfully reshaped
	by associative learning processes and suggest that the code for sound
	intensity within AI can be derived from intensity-tuned neurons that
	change, rather than simply increase, their firing rates in proportion
	to increases in sound intensity.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0407586101},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Association Learning, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Threshold, Conditioning (Psychology), Electrophysiology, Loudness Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reinforcement (Psychology), Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Reward, 15534214},
}

@Article{Gelman2004,
  author   = {Susan A Gelman},
  journal  = {Trends Cogn Sci},
  title    = {Psychological essentialism in children.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {404-9},
  volume   = {8},
  abstract = {Psychological essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such
	as "lion" or "female", have an underlying reality that cannot be
	observed directly. Where does this idea come from? This article reviews
	recent evidence suggesting that psychological essentialism is an
	early cognitive bias. Young children look beyond the obvious in many
	converging ways: when learning words, generalizing knowledge to new
	category members, reasoning about the insides of things, contemplating
	the role of nature versus nurture, and constructing causal explanations.
	These findings argue against the standard view of children as concrete
	thinkers, instead claiming that children have an early tendency to
	search for hidden, non-obvious features.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.001},
  keywords = {Animals, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Female, Humans, Language, P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, 15350241},
}

@Article{Abbott2004,
  author   = {LF Abbott and Wade G Regehr},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Synaptic computation.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {7010},
  pages    = {796-803},
  volume   = {431},
  abstract = {Neurons are often considered to be the computational engines of the
	brain, with synapses acting solely as conveyers of information. But
	the diverse types of synaptic plasticity and the range of timescales
	over which they operate suggest that synapses have a more active
	role in information processing. Long-term changes in the transmission
	properties of synapses provide a physiological substrate for learning
	and memory, whereas short-term changes support a variety of computations.
	By expressing several forms of synaptic plasticity, a single neuron
	can convey an array of different signals to the neural circuit in
	which it operates.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nature03010},
  groups   = {Gain control},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, 15483601},
}

@Article{Mitroff2004a,
  author   = {Stephen R Mitroff and Brian J Scholl},
  journal  = {Perception},
  title    = {Seeing the disappearance of unseen objects.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {10},
  pages    = {1267-73},
  volume   = {33},
  abstract = {Because of the massive amount of incoming visual information, perception
	is fundamentally selective. We are aware of only a small subset of
	our visual input at any given moment, and a great deal of activity
	can occur right in front of our eyes without reaching awareness.
	While previous work has shown that even salient visual objects can
	go unseen, here we demonstrate the opposite pattern, wherein observers
	perceive stimuli which are not physically present. In particular,
	we show in two motion-induced blindness experiments that unseen objects
	can momentarily reenter awareness when they physically disappear:
	in some situations, you can see the disappearance of something you
	can't see. Moreover, when a stimulus changes outside of awareness
	in this situation and then physically disappears, observers momentarily
	see the altered version--thus perceiving properties of an object
	that they had never seen before, after that object is already gone.
	This phenomenon of 'perceptual reentry' yields new insights into
	the relationship between visual memory and conscious awareness.},
  keywords = {Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Humans, Intraductal, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychophysics, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Switzerland, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15693670},
}

@article{behrmann_parietal_2004,
	title = {Parietal cortex and attention},
	volume = {14},
	abstract = {The parietal lobe forms about 20\% of the human cerebral cortex and is divided into two major regions, the somatosensory cortex and the posterior parietal cortex. Posterior parietal cortex, located at the junction of multiple sensory regions, projects to several cortical and subcortical areas and is engaged in a host of cognitive operations. One such operation is selective attention, the process where by the input is filtered and a subset of the information is selected for preferential processing. Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have provided a more fine-grained understanding of the relationship between brain and behavior in the domain of selective attention.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
	author = {Behrmann, M and Geng, J J and Shomstein, S},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15082327},
	keywords = {Attention/*physiology, Cues, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways/anatomy \& histology/*physiology, Parietal Lobe/anatomy \& histology/*physiology, Perception/physiology, Perceptual Disorders/pathology/physiopathology, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Sensation/physiology},
	pages = {212--217},
}

@Article{Gil-da-Costa2004,
  author   = {Ricardo Gil-da-Costa and Allen Braun and Marco Lopes and Marc D Hauser and Richard E Carson and Peter Herscovitch and Alex Martin},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Toward an evolutionary perspective on conceptual representation: {S}pecies-specific calls activate visual and affective processing systems in the macaque.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {50},
  pages    = {17516-21},
  volume   = {101},
  abstract = {Non-human primates produce a diverse repertoire of species-specific
	calls and have rich conceptual systems. Some of their calls are designed
	to convey information about concepts such as predators, food, and
	social relationships, as well as the affective state of the caller.
	Little is known about the neural architecture of these calls, and
	much of what we do know is based on single-cell physiology from anesthetized
	subjects. By using positron emission tomography in awake rhesus macaques,
	we found that conspecific vocalizations elicited activity in higher-order
	visual areas, including regions in the temporal lobe associated with
	the visual perception of object form (TE/TEO) and motion (superior
	temporal sulcus) and storing visual object information into long-term
	memory (TE), as well as in limbic (the amygdala and hippocampus)
	and paralimbic regions (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) associated
	with the interpretation and memory-encoding of highly salient and
	affective material. This neural circuitry strongly corresponds to
	the network shown to support representation of conspecifics and affective
	information in humans. These findings shed light on the evolutionary
	precursors of conceptual representation in humans, suggesting that
	monkeys and humans have a common neural substrate for representing
	object concepts.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0408077101},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Brain, Concept Formation, Electrophysiology, Evolution, Female, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Positron-Emission Tomography, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Species Specificity, Visual Perception, Vocalization, Animal, 15583132},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{reep_rodent_2004,
	title = {A rodent model for investigating the neurobiology of contralateral neglect},
	volume = {17},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15622013},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Contralateral neglect is a common and disabling sequela of right hemisphere strokes. Neglect involves attentional and cognitive deficits, including distortions of contralateral spatial and personal awareness. There are no established successful therapies for neglect, and treatment is often complicated by anosognosia. The disturbances associated with neglect are debilitating to patients and their families, and presence of neglect is a strong predictor of poor prognosis for recovery. OBJECTIVE: The present report reviews findings from 20 years of research using a rat model of neglect. In the rat, 2 cortical areas that are linked by corticocortical connections have been identified as having a major role in neglect, and these correspond to frontal and parietal fields in primates. These 2 cortical areas also have convergent projections to the dorsocentral striatum, which has been implicated as a crucial subcortical component of the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuitry involved in directed attention and neglect. We discuss the role of the dorsocentral striatum in neglect and recovery and present evidence that induced axonal sprouting may promote functional recovery following cortical lesions that produce neglect. CONCLUSIONS: The rodent model of neglect captures some of the essential behavioral and anatomic features of neglect in humans. This model has helped reveal the pathophysiology of neglect, has suggested a crucial role of the striatum in recovery from neglect, and is being used to investigate potential therapeutic approaches.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
	author = {Reep, R.L. and Corwin, J.V. and Cheatwood, J.L. and Van Vleet, T.M. and Heilman, K.M. and Watson, R.T.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Disease Models, Animal, *Laterality, Agnosia/physiopathology, Animals, Brain Damage, Chronic/physiopathology, Frontal Lobe/*physiopathology, Neostriatum/physiopathology, Parietal Lobe/*physiopathology, Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology, Rats, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., ⛔ No DOI found},
	pages = {191--194},
}

@Article{Scholl2004,
  author   = {Brian J Scholl and Ken Nakayama},
  journal  = {Perception},
  title    = {Illusory causal crescents: {M}isperceived spatial relations due to perceived causality.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {455-69},
  volume   = {33},
  abstract = {When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent,
	at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collision--ie
	we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters
	which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many
	studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception.
	Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality
	affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved
	in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the
	amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as
	a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the
	event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of
	the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when
	the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation.
	This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed
	completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect
	the perception of other spatial properties.},
  keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intraductal, Judgment, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15222393},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Clinical phenotype of families with longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family Health,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/genetics,Case-Control Studies,Chronic Disease/*epidemiology,European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & n,Female,Humans,Israel/epidemiology,Jews/statistics & numerical data,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Matched-Pair Analysis,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Risk,Sex Factors,Statistics, Nonparametric,United States/epidemiology},
 pages = {274-277},
 volume = {52},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14728640},
 id = {269afc28-8f71-3cb1-91c4-4f7293ce8166},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.818Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.918Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0002-8614<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine whether offspring of centenarians acquired protection from age-related diseases. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The study was part of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Centenarians (n=145), offspring of centenarians (n=180), and spouses of the offspring of centenarians (n=75) as a control group. Two additional groups served as controls: age-matched Ashkenazi Jews, and an age-matched control group from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported family history of longevity; prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart attacks, and strokes; and objective measurements of body mass index and fat mass. RESULTS: Parents of centenarians (born in approximately 1870) had a markedly greater ( approximately sevenfold) "risk" for longevity (reaching ages 90-99), supporting the notion that genetics contributed to longevity in these families. The offspring of long-lived parents had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (by 23%), diabetes mellitus (by 50%), heart attacks (by 60%), and strokes (no events reported) than several age-matched control groups. CONCLUSION: Offspring of centenarians may inherit significantly better health. The authors suggest that a cohort of these subjects and their spouses is ideal to study the phenotype and genotype of longevity and its interaction with the environment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Atzmon, G and Schechter, C and Greiner, W and Davidson, D and Rennert, G and Barzilai, N},
 journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc},
 number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marois_common_2004,
	title = {A common parieto-frontal network is recruited under both low visibility and high perceptual interference conditions},
	volume = {92},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15486425},
	abstract = {A fundamental property of visual attention is to select targets from interfering distractors. However, attention can also facilitate the detectability of near-threshold items presented in isolation. The extent to which these two perceptually challenging conditions are resolved by the same neural mechanisms is not well known. In the present event-related fMRI experiment, subjects performed a letter identification task under two perceptually challenging conditions; when the luminance contrast of a target letter was reduced (perceptual visibility manipulation) and when the target letter was flanked by distractors (perceptual interference manipulation). Perceptual interference recruited the right parietal and mid-lateral frontal cortex, while perceptual visibility activated these regions bilaterally. The overlap of activated areas between the two perceptual manipulations suggests that a single parieto-frontal network is summoned under both perceptual visibility and interference conditions.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {J Neurophysiol},
	author = {Marois, R and Chun, M M and Gore, J C},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15486425},
	keywords = {Attention/*physiology, Brain Mapping/*methods, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nerve Net/physiology, Parietal Lobe/physiology, Perception, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Pathways/*physiology, Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {2985--2992},
}

@article{moore_selective_2003,
	title = {Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex.},
	volume = {421},
	doi = {10.1038/nature01341},
	abstract = {Several decades of psychophysical and neurophysiological studies have established that visual signals are enhanced at the locus of attention. What remains a mystery is the mechanism that initiates biases in the strength of visual representations. Recent evidence argues that, during spatial attention, these biases reflect nascent saccadic eye movement commands. We examined the functional interaction of saccade preparation and visual coding by electrically stimulating sites within the frontal eye fields (FEF) and measuring its effect on the activity of neurons in extrastriate visual cortex. Here we show that visual responses in area V4 could be enhanced after brief stimulation of retinotopically corresponding sites within the FEF using currents below that needed to evoke saccades. The magnitude of the enhancement depended on the effectiveness of receptive field stimuli as well as on the presence of competing stimuli outside the receptive field. Stimulation of non-corresponding FEF representations could suppress V4 responses. The results suggest that the gain of visual signals is modified according to the strength of spatially corresponding eye movement commands.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6921},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Moore, Tirin and Armstrong, Katherine M},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12540901},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 0028-0836},
	keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Fixation, Ocular, Frontal Lobe, Haplorhini, MicroValence, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Saccades, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {370--373},
}

@article{miller_functional_2003,
	title = {Functional brain imaging using a blood oxygenation sensitive steady state.},
	volume = {50},
	doi = {10.1002/mrm.10602},
	abstract = {Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) is an important method for functional neuroimaging that is sensitive to changes in blood oxygenation related to brain activation. While BOLD imaging has good spatial coverage and resolution relative to other neuroimaging methods (such as positron emission tomography (PET)), it has significant limitations relative to other MRI techniques, including poor spatial resolution, low signal levels, limited contrast, and image artifacts. These limitations derive from the coupling of BOLD functional contrast to sources of image degradation. This work presents an alternative method for fMRI that may over-come these limitations by establishing a blood oxygenation sensitive steady-state (BOSS) that inverts the signal from deoxygenated blood relative to the water signal. BOSS fMRI allows the imaging parameters to be optimized independently of the functional contrast, resulting in fewer image artifacts and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, BOSS fMRI has greater functional contrast than BOLD. BOSS fMRI requires careful shimming and multiple acquisitions to obtain a precise alignment of the magnetization to the SSFP frequency response.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Magn Reson Med},
	author = {Miller, Karla L and Hargreaves, Brian A and Lee, Jongho and Ress, David and deCharms, R Christopher and Pauly, John M},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {14523951},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0740-3194},
	keywords = {Artifacts, Brain, Hemoglobins, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Oxygen, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {675--683},
}

@article{voss_estimating_2003,
	title = {Estimating the valence of single stimuli: a new variant of the {Affective} {Simon} {Task}.},
	volume = {50},
	abstract = {In this article, a modified variant of the Affective Simon Task (AST; De Houwer \& Eelen, 1998) is presented as a measure of implicit evaluations of single stimuli. In the AST, the words "good" or "bad" have to be given as responses depending on the color of the stimuli. The AST was combined with an evaluation task to increase the salience of the valence of the presented stimuli. Experiment 1 investigated evaluations of schematic faces showing emotional expressions. In Experiment 2 we measured the valence of artificial stimuli that acquired valence in a game context during the experiment. Both experiments confirm the validity of the modified AST. The results also revealed a dissociation between explicit and implicit evaluations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Exp Psychol},
	author = {Voss, Andreas and Rothermund, Klaus and Wentura, Dirk},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12693193},
	note = {Place: Germany
ISBN: 1618-3169},
	keywords = {Adult, Affect, Attitude, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Male, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Semantics, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {86--96},
}

@article{schoenfeld_form--motion:_2003,
	title = {Form-from-motion: {MEG} evidence for time course and processing sequence.},
	volume = {15},
	doi = {10.1162/089892903321208105},
	abstract = {The neural mechanisms and role of attention in the processing of visual form defined by luminance or motion cues were studied using magnetoencephalography. Subjects viewed bilateral stimuli composed of moving random dots and were instructed to covertly attend to either left or right hemifield stimuli in order to detect designated target stimuli that required a response. To generate form-from-motion (FFMo) stimuli, a subset of the dots could begin to move coherently to create the appearance of a simple form (e.g., square). In other blocks, to generate form-from-luminance (FFLu) stimuli that served as a control, a gray stimulus was presented superimposed on the randomly moving dots. Neuromagnetic responses were observed to both the FFLu and FFMo stimuli and localized to multiple visual cortical stages of analysis. Early activity in low-level visual cortical areas (striate/early extrastriate) did not differ for FFLu versus FFMo stimuli, nor as a function of spatial attention. Longer latency responses elicited by the FFLu stimuli were localized to the ventral-lateral occipital cortex (LO) and the inferior temporal cortex (IT). The FFMo stimuli also generated activity in the LO and IT, but only after first eliciting activity in the lateral occipital cortical region corresponding to MT/V5, resulting in a 50-60 msec delay in activity. All of these late responses (MT/V5, LO, and IT) were significantly modulated by spatial attention, being greatly attenuated for ignored FFLu and FFMo stimuli. These findings argue that processing of form in IT that is defined by motion requires a serial processing of information, first in the motion analysis pathway from V1 to MT/V5 and thereafter via the form analysis stream in the ventral visual pathway to IT.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
	author = {Schoenfeld, M A and Woldorff, M and Düzel, E and Scheich, H and Heinze, H-J and Mangun, G R},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12676054},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0898-929X},
	keywords = {Attention, Brain Mapping, Electrophysiology, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Humans, Light, Magnetoencephalography, Models, Neurological, Motion Perception, Occipital Lobe, Reaction Time, Signal Detection (Psychology), Space Perception, Temporal Lobe, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {157--172},
}

@Article{Seyfarth2003,
  author   = {Robert M Seyfarth and Dorothy L Cheney},
  journal  = {Annu Rev Psychol},
  title    = {Signalers and receivers in animal communication.},
  year     = {2003},
  pages    = {145-73},
  volume   = {54},
  abstract = {In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize
	to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information
	from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment.
	The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning
	that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some
	parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals
	must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can
	easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize
	do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the
	call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states
	of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human
	language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior,
	they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information
	from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide
	it.},
  doi      = {10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145121},
  keywords = {Animals, Wild, Botswana, Cognition, Family, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Language, Papio, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Social Dominance, Vocalization, Animal, Analysis of Variance, Appetitive Behavior, Attention, Birds, Discrimination (Psychology), Learning, Non-P.H.S., Social Behavior, Social Facilitation, Transfer (Psychology), Male, Pair Bond, Primates, Social Perception, Acoustic Stimulation, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Brain, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Songbirds, Animal Migration, Biological Clocks, Calibration, Flight, Geography, Magnetics, Orientation, Solar System, Environment, Grooming, Kenya, Reproduction, Social Support, Survival Rate, Judgment, Macaca mulatta, Videotape Recording, Visual Perception, Comparative Study, Evolution, Fishes, Intelligence, Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Mathematics, Random Allocation, Spatial Behavior, Animal Communication, Cercopithecidae, Fear, Predatory Behavior, Altruism, Cercopithecus, Cercopithecus aethiops, Awareness, Concept Formation, Dominance-Subordination, Social Environment, Affect, Arousal, Motivation, Species Specificity, 12359915},
}

@article{tsao_stereopsis_2003,
	title = {Stereopsis activates {V3A} and caudal intraparietal areas in macaques and humans.},
	volume = {39},
	abstract = {Stereopsis, the perception of depth from small differences between the images in the two eyes, provides a rich model for investigating the cortical construction of surfaces and space. Although disparity-tuned cells have been found in a large number of areas in macaque visual cortex, stereoscopic processing in these areas has never been systematically compared using the same stimuli and analysis methods. In order to examine the global architecture of stereoscopic processing in primate visual cortex, we studied fMRI activity in alert, fixating human and macaque subjects. In macaques, we found strongest activation to near/far compared to zero disparity in areas V3, V3A, and CIPS. In humans, we found strongest activation to the same stimuli in areas V3A, V7, the V4d topolog (V4d-topo), and a caudal parietal disparity region (CPDR). Thus, in both primate species a small cluster of areas at the parieto-occipital junction appears to be specialized for stereopsis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Neuron},
	author = {Tsao, Doris Y and Vanduffel, Wim and Sasaki, Yuka and Fize, Denis and Knutsen, Tamara A and Mandeville, Joseph B and Wald, Lawrence L and Dale, Anders M and Rosen, Bruce R and Van Essen, David C and Livingstone, Margaret S and Orban, Guy A and Tootell, Roger B H},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12895427},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0896-6273},
	keywords = {Animals, Brain Mapping, Depth Perception, Humans, Macaca, Male, Parietal Lobe, Photic Stimulation, Visual Cortex, comparative study, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {555--568},
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{pessoa_neuroimaging_2003,
	title = {Neuroimaging studies of attention: from modulation of sensory processing to top-down control},
	volume = {23},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12764083},
	doi = {10/ggks2r},
	number = {10},
	journal = {J Neurosci},
	author = {Pessoa, L. and Kastner, S. and Ungerleider, L.G.},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Animals, Attention/*physiology, Comparative Study, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods, Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology, Neurons, Afferent/*physiology/radionuclide imaging, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Tomography, Emission-Computed/*methods, Visual Cortex/physiology/radionuclide imaging},
	pages = {3990--8},
}

@article{damasio_feelings_2003,
	title = {Feelings of emotion and the self},
	volume = {1001},
	abstract = {The self is a critical component of consciousness. The neural correlates of self have proven elusive, but it is reasonable to suggest that, in its simplest form, the self process requires a composite representation of the ongoing state of the organism as reflected in subcortical and cortical somatic maps within the central nervous system. The basis for these maps is a wealth of signals originating in different sectors of the body-proper. Some of these signals portray the actual state of the body as modified by emotions in response to interactions with the environment; but other signals are the result of internal simulations controlled from other regions of the central nervous system.},
	journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci},
	author = {Damasio, A},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {14625365},
	keywords = {*Ego, Brain, Consciousness/physiology, Emotions/*physiology, Humans, Mental Processes, Psychophysiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
	pages = {253--261},
}

@Article{Peake2002,
  author   = {TM Peake and A M R Terry and PK McGregor and T Dabelsteen},
  journal  = {Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci},
  title    = {Do great tits assess rivals by combining direct experience with information gathered by eavesdropping?},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {1503},
  pages    = {1925-9},
  volume   = {269},
  abstract = {Animals frequently use signals that travel further than the spacing
	between individuals. For every intended recipient of a given signal
	there are likely to be many other individuals that receive information.
	Eavesdropping on signalling interactions between other individuals
	provides a relatively cost-free method of assessing future opponents
	or mates. Male great tits (Parus major) extract relative information
	from such interactions between individuals unknown to them. Here,
	we show that male great tits can take information gathering a stage
	further and obtain more information about a previously unencountered
	intruder, by the hitherto unknown capability of combining information
	gathered by eavesdropping with that derived from their own direct
	interaction with an individual. Prior experience with an intruder
	(A) was achieved by subjecting a focal male to different levels of
	intrusion simulated using interactive playback. This intruder (A)
	then took part in a simulated interaction with an unknown male (B)
	outside the territorial boundary of the focal males. In response
	to subsequent intrusion by the second male (B), focal males showed
	low song output in response to males that had lost to a male that
	the subject was able to beat. Males of known high quality, or those
	about which information was ambiguous, elicited a high level of song
	output by focal males. We discuss the implications of this finding
	for the evolution of communication and social behaviour.},
  doi      = {10.1098/rspb.2002.2112},
  keywords = {Aggression, Animal Communication, Animals, Male, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Songbirds, Territoriality, Vocalization, Animal, 12350255},
}

@Article{Taylor2002,
  author   = {Dawn M Taylor and Stephen I Helms Tillery and Andrew B Schwartz},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Direct cortical control of 3{D} neuroprosthetic devices.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {5574},
  pages    = {1829-32},
  volume   = {296},
  abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) movement of neuroprosthetic devices can be
	controlled by the activity of cortical neurons when appropriate algorithms
	are used to decode intended movement in real time. Previous studies
	assumed that neurons maintain fixed tuning properties, and the studies
	used subjects who were unaware of the movements predicted by their
	recorded units. In this study, subjects had real-time visual feedback
	of their brain-controlled trajectories. Cell tuning properties changed
	when used for brain-controlled movements. By using control algorithms
	that track these changes, subjects made long sequences of 3D movements
	using far fewer cortical units than expected. Daily practice improved
	movement accuracy and the directional tuning of these units.},
  doi      = {10.1126/science.1070291},
  keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Arm, Computer Simulation, Hand, Humans, Learning, Macaca mulatta, Motor Cortex, Motor Neurons, Movement, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Prostheses and Implants, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Visual Perception, 12052943},
}

@article{Weber2002,
  title = {Building an Asynchronous Web-Based Tool for Machine Learning Classification.},
  author = {Weber, Griffin and Vinterbo, Staal and {Ohno-Machado}, Lucila},
  year = {2002},
  journal = {JAMIA},
  volume = {Suppl. S},
  pages = {869--73},
  abstract = {Various unsupervised and supervised learning methods including support vector machines, classification trees, linear discriminant analysis and nearest neighbor classifiers have been used to classify high-throughput gene expression data. Simpler and more widely accepted statistical tools have not yet been used for this purpose, hence proper comparisons between classification methods have not been conducted. We developed free software that implements logistic regression with stepwise variable selection as a quick and simple method for initial exploration of important genetic markers in disease classification. To implement the algorithm and allow our collaborators in remote locations to evaluate and compare its results against those of other methods, we developed a user-friendly asynchronous web-based application with a minimal amount of programming using free, downloadable software tools. With this program, we show that classification using logistic regression can perform as well as other more sophisticated algorithms, and it has the advantages of being easy to interpret and reproduce. By making the tool freely and easily available, we hope to promote the comparison of classification methods. In addition, we believe our web application can be used as a model for other bioinformatics laboratories that need to develop web-based analysis tools in a short amount of time and on a limited budget.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  pii = {D020001919},
  pubmedid = {12463949},
  keywords = {12463949,Algorithms,Anonymous Testing,Artificial Intelligence,Carcinoma,Child,Comparative Study,Computerized,Confidentiality,Databases,Diagnosis,Differential,Disclosure,DNA,Gene Expression,Gene Expression Profiling,Gene Expression Regulation,Genetic Markers,Humans,Internet,Logistic Models,Lung Neoplasms,Medical Records Systems,Multivariate Analysis,Neoplasm,Neoplasms,Neoplastic,Neural Networks (Computer),Non-U.S. Gov't,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,P.H.S.,Privacy,Research Support,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Sarcoma,Small Cell,Software,U.S. Gov't},
  file = {/Users/staal/Documents/Zotero/storage/26TPF5RW/amia02-weber.pdf;/Users/staal/Documents/Zotero/storage/FRPABBPG/amia02-weber.pdf;/Users/staal/Documents/Zotero/storage/GME7HZA7/amia02-weber.pdf}
}

@article{penke_german_2002,
	title = {German noun plurals: a challenge to the dual-mechanism model.},
	volume = {81},
	abstract = {In this article, the authors test one of the central claims of the Dual-Mechanism Model (Pinker and Prince, 1994), that is, that regular inflection equals default inflection. Based on results from an elicitation task with eight agrammatic Broca's aphasics and a lexical decision task with unimpaired subjects, the authors show that this assumption is not borne out. Their data on German plural inflection rather indicate that regular inflection is not necessarily identical to default inflection. To capture the German data, they have to assume regular but input-restricted inflection besides regular default inflection.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1-3},
	journal = {Brain Lang},
	author = {Penke, Martina and Krause, Marion},
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12081401},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0093-934X},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aphasia, Broca, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Language, Linguistics, Male, Middle Aged, Reaction Time, Vocabulary, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {303--311},
}

@article{Ohno-Machado2002,
  title = {Comparing Imperfect Measurements with the {{Bland-Altman}} Technique: Application in Gene Expression Analysis.},
  author = {{Ohno-Machado}, Lucila and Vinterbo, Staal and Dreiseitl, Stephen and Jenssen, Tor-Kristian and Kuo, Winston},
  year = {2002},
  journal = {JAMIA},
  volume = {Suppl. S},
  pages = {572--6},
  abstract = {Several problems in medicine and biology involve the comparison of two measurements made on the same set of cases. The problem differs from a calibration problem because no gold standard can be identified. Testing the null hypothesis of no relationship using measures of association is not optimal since the measurements are made on the same cases, and therefore correlation coefficients will tend to be significant. The descriptive Bland-Altman method can be used in exploratory analysis of this problem, allowing the visualization of gross systematic differences between the two sets of measurements. We utilize the method on three sets of matched observations and demonstrate its usefulness in detecting systematic variations between two measurement technologies to assess gene expression.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  pii = {1833},
  pubmedid = {12463888},
  keywords = {12463888,Algorithms,Anonymous Testing,Artificial Intelligence,Bias (Epidemiology),Carcinoma,Child,Comparative Study,Computational Biology,Computerized,Confidentiality,Data Interpretation,Databases,Diagnosis,Differential,Disclosure,DNA,Gene Expression,Gene Expression Profiling,Gene Expression Regulation,Genetic Markers,Humans,Internet,Logistic Models,Lung Neoplasms,Medical Records Systems,Messenger,Multivariate Analysis,Neoplasm,Neoplasms,Neoplastic,Neural Networks (Computer),Non-U.S. Gov't,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,P.H.S.,Privacy,Research Support,Rhabdomyosarcoma,RNA,Sarcoma,Small Cell,Software,Statistical,U.S. Gov't}
}

@article{lyall_modulation_2002,
	title = {Modulation of rat chorda tympani {NaCl} responses and intracellular {Na}+ activity in polarized taste receptor cells by {pH}.},
	volume = {120},
	abstract = {Mixture interactions between sour and salt taste modalities were investigated in rats by direct measurement of intracellular pH (pH(i)) and Na(+) activity ([Na(+)](i)) in polarized fungiform taste receptor cells (TRCs) and by chorda tympani (CT) nerve recordings. Stimulating the lingual surface with NaCl solutions adjusted to pHs ranging between 2.0 and 10.3 increased the magnitude of NaCl CT responses linearly with increasing external pH (pH(o)). At pH 7.0, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker, benzamil, decreased NaCl CT responses and inhibited further changes in CT responses induced by varying pH(o) to 2.0 or 10.3. At constant pH(o), buffering NaCl solutions with potassium acetate/acetic acid (KA/AA) or HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) inhibited NaCl CT responses relative to CT responses obtained with NaCl solutions buffered with HEPES. The carbonic anhydrase blockers, MK-507 and MK-417, attenuated the inhibition of NaCl CT responses in HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) buffer, suggesting a regulatory role for pH(i). In polarized TRCs step changes in apical pH(o) from 10.3 to 2.0 induced a linear decrease in pH(i) that remained within the physiological range (slope = 0.035; r(2) = 0.98). At constant pH(o), perfusing the apical membrane with Ringer's solutions buffered with KA/AA or HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) decreased resting TRC pH(i), and MK-507 or MK-417 attenuated the decrease in pH(i) in TRCs perfused with HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) buffer. In parallel experiments, TRC [Na(+)](i) decreased with (a) a decrease in apical pH, (b) exposing the apical membrane to amiloride or benzamil, (c) removal of apical Na(+), and (d) acid loading the cells with NH(4)Cl or sodium acetate at constant pH(o). Diethylpyrocarbonate and Zn(2+), modification reagents for histidine residues in proteins, attenuated the CO(2)-induced inhibition of NaCl CT responses and the pH(i)-induced inhibition of apical Na(+) influx in TRCs. We conclude that TRC pH(i) regulates Na(+)-influx through amiloride-sensitive apical ENaCs and hence modulates NaCl CT responses in acid/salt mixtures.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {J Gen Physiol},
	author = {Lyall, Vijay and Alam, Rammy I and Phan, Tam-Hao T and Russell, Oneal F and Malik, Shahbaz A and Heck, Gerard L and DeSimone, John A},
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12451050},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0022-1295},
	keywords = {Acids, Animals, Chorda Tympani Nerve, Female, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Intracellular Fluid, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sodium, Sodium Channels, Sodium Chloride, Taste Buds, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {793--815},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sapir_attending_2002,
	title = {Attending to the thalamus: inhibition of return and nasal-temporal asymmetry in the pulvinar},
	volume = {13},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11973472},
	doi = {10/fp2pbz},
	abstract = {Inhibition of return (IOR) is a mechanism whereby the attentional system favors novel locations by inhibiting already scanned ones. An important question is what the neural structures are involved. Recently, we studied a patient with damage to the superior colliculus (SC) and concluded that the SC generates IOR. However, it is possible that IOR is generated beyond the colliculus, for example, by the pulvinar. In this paper we tested three patients with unilateral damage to the pulvinar and demonstrated that the pulvinar is not necessary for IOR generation, providing additional support to the suggestion that the SC generates IOR. In addition, since we used monocular presentation, we were able to furnish behavioral evidence for nasal-temporal asymmetrical representation of visual input in the pulvinar.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Neuroreport},
	author = {Sapir, A. and Rafal, R. and Henik, A.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Inhibition (Psychology), Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Laterality/physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Inhibition/physiology, Photic Stimulation/methods, Pulvinar/*injuries/*physiology, Reaction Time/physiology, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Superior Colliculus/physiology, Thalamus/*physiology, Visual Fields/physiology},
	pages = {693--7},
}

@article{vanrie_mental_2002,
	title = {Mental rotation versus invariant features in object perception from different viewpoints: an {fMRI} study.},
	volume = {40},
	abstract = {It has been proposed that object perception can proceed through different routes, which can be situated on a continuum ranging from complete viewpoint-dependency to complete viewpoint-independency, depending on the objects and the task at hand. Although these different routes have been extensively demonstrated on the behavioral level, the corresponding distinction in the underlying neural substrate has not received the same attention. Our goal was to disentangle, on the behavioral and the neurofunctional level, a process associated with extreme viewpoint-dependency, i.e. mental rotation, and a process associated with extreme viewpoint-independency, i.e. the use of viewpoint-invariant, diagnostic features. Two sets of 3-D block figures were created that either differed in handedness (original versus mirrored) or in the angles joining the block components (orthogonal versus skewed). Behavioral measures on a same-different judgment task were predicted to be dependent on viewpoint in the rotation condition (same versus mirrored), but not in the invariance condition (same angles versus different angles). Six subjects participated in an fMRI experiment while presented with both conditions in alternating blocks. Both reaction times and accuracy confirmed the predicted dissociation between the two conditions. Neurofunctional results indicate that all cortical areas activated in the invariance condition were also activated in the rotation condition. Parietal areas were more activated than occipito-temporal areas in the rotation condition, while this pattern was reversed in the invariance condition. Furthermore, some areas were activated uniquely by the rotation condition, probably reflecting the additional processes apparent in the behavioral response patterns.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Neuropsychologia},
	author = {Vanrie, Jan and Béatse, Erik and Wagemans, Johan and Sunaert, Stefan and Van Hecke, Paul},
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {11900744},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 0028-3932},
	keywords = {Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reaction Time, Recognition (Psychology), Visual Perception, mental rotation, fMRI, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {917--930},
}

@article{molholm_multisensory_2002,
	title = {Multisensory auditory-visual interactions during early sensory processing in humans: a high-density electrical mapping study},
	volume = {14},
	abstract = {Integration of information from multiple senses is fundamental to perception and cognition, but when and where this is accomplished in the brain is not well understood. This study examined the timing and topography of cortical auditory-visual interactions using high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) during a simple reaction-time (RT) task. Visual and auditory stimuli were presented alone and simultaneously. ERPs elicited by the auditory and visual stimuli when presented alone were summed ('sum' ERP) and compared to the ERP elicited when they were presented simultaneously ('simultaneous' ERP). Divergence between the 'simultaneous' and 'sum' ERP indicated auditory-visual (AV) neural response interactions. There was a surprisingly early right parieto-occipital AV interaction, consistent with the finding of an earlier study [J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11 (1999) 473]. The timing of onset of this effect (46 ms) was essentially simultaneous with the onset of visual cortical processing, as indexed by the onset of the visual C1 component, which is thought to represent the earliest cortical visual evoked potential. The coincident timing of the early AV interaction and C1 strongly suggests that AV interactions can affect early visual sensory processing. Additional AV interactions were found within the time course of sensory processing (up to 200 ms post stimulus onset). In total, this system of AV effects over the scalp was suggestive of both activity unique to multisensory processing, and the modulation of 'unisensory' activity. RTs to the stimuli when presented simultaneously were significantly faster than when they were presented alone. This RT facilitation could not be accounted for by probability summation, as evidenced by violation of the 'race' model, providing compelling evidence that auditory-visual neural interactions give rise to this RT effect.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res},
	author = {Molholm, S and Ritter, W and Murray, M M and Javitt, D C and Schroeder, C E and Foxe, J J},
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12063135},
	keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation/methods, Adult, Auditory Perception/*physiology, Brain Mapping/*methods, Comparative Study, Evoked Potentials/*physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation/methods, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {115--128},
}

@article{larsson_perceptual_2002,
	title = {Perceptual segregation of overlapping shapes activates posterior extrastriate visual cortex in man.},
	volume = {143},
	doi = {10.1007/s00221-001-0895-6},
	abstract = {Objects in natural scenes are rarely seen in isolation, but are usually overlapping or partially occluding other objects. To recognize individual objects, the visual system must be able to segregate overlapping objects from one another. Evidence from lesions in humans and monkeys suggest that perceptual segregation of occluded or overlapping objects involves extrastriate visual cortex. In monkeys, area V4 has been shown to play an important role in recognizing occluded or poorly salient shapes. In humans, a retinotopic homologue of ventral V4 (V4v) has been described, but it is not known whether this area is also functionally homologous to area V4 in monkeys. In this study, we tried to localize the visual cortical regions involved in perceptual segregation of overlapping shapes using positron emission tomography (PET). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in seven subjects while they discriminated the relative areas of simultaneously presented rectangular shapes. In the control condition, the shapes were displayed without overlaps; in a second condition, the shapes overlapped each other partially. In a third condition, the shapes did not overlap but had been reduced in salience by adding random noise to the stimuli. Contrasting the overlapping shape condition with the control condition identified a single region in the left posterior lateral occipital cortex. The rCBF in this region also increased, though more weakly, during discrimination of shapes embedded in noise, relative to the control condition. The region activated by segregation of overlapping shapes was located in the posterior occipital cortex close to the anterior border of area V2, near the average location of human V4v as determined by retinotopic mapping studies. The activation of this region of extrastriate visual cortex by a task that involved segregation of overlapping shapes is consistent with monkey V4 and human V4v being functionally homologous. We conclude that discrimination of overlapping shapes involves in particular a region of extrastriate visual cortex located in the left lateral occipital cortex and that this region may correspond to human V4v.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Exp Brain Res},
	author = {Larsson, Jonas and Amunts, Katrin and Gulyás, Balázs and Malikovic, Aleksandar and Zilles, Karl and Roland, Per E},
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {11907685},
	note = {Place: Germany
ISBN: 0014-4819},
	keywords = {Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Functional Laterality, Humans, Male, Neurons, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, comparative study, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {1--10},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Do children of long-lived parents age more successfully?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*genetics/*physiology,Cognition/physiology,Cross-Sectional Studies,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Genetics, Population,Hand Strength/physiology,Health Status,Humans,Interviews,Male,Middle Aged,Nuclear Family,Odds Ratio,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {334-339},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11964936},
 id = {d2c3d7a4-58f6-3e99-95c4-c6ccb4863013},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.345Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.443Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1044-3983<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Meta-Analysis</m:note>},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long-lived individuals are rare and may be selected in part for the genetic factors that promote successful aging. The children of long-lived parents may therefore age more successfully than the children of short-lived parents. METHODS: We used three major cross-sectional population-based surveys to study the association of parental longevity with successful aging in offspring. The measures of aging were hand-grip strength, cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination and a cognitive composite score), self-reported diseases, and self-rated health. RESULTS: For every additional 10 years the parents lived, their children's grip strength increased by 0.32 kg (95% CI = 0.00-0.63), Mini Mental State Examination score by 0.20 points (95% CI = 0.03-0.37), and cognitive composite score by 0.24 points (95% CI = 0.07-0.40). A 10-year increment of parental life was associated with a reduction by approximately 0.20 in the adjusted odds ratio for their children having each of the following conditions: diabetes; hypertension; ischemic heart disease; heart failure; stroke; or fair, poor, or very poor self-rated health. Almost all the effects were seen solely in the cohort of 70+-year-olds, but not among middle-aged or nonagenarian subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Parental life span is positively associated with the children's physical and cognitive functioning and avoidance of some of the common chronic diseases. However, the effects are small and are seen among offspring who are elderly, but not among the middle-aged or the oldest old.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Frederiksen, H and McGue, M and Jeune, B and Gaist, D and Nybo, H and Skytthe, A and Vaupel, J W and Christensen, K},
 journal = {Epidemiology},
 number = {3}
}

@article{behrmann_eye_2001,
	title = {The eye movements of pure alexic patients during reading and nonreading tasks},
	volume = {39},
	abstract = {We compared the eye-movements of two patients who read letter-by-letter (LBL) following a left occipital lobe lesion with those of normal control subjects and of hemianopic patients in two tasks: a nonreading visual search task and a text reading task. Whereas the LBL readers exhibited similar eye-movement patterns to those of the other two groups on the nonreading task, their eye movements differed significantly during reading, as reflected in the disproportionate increase in the number and duration of fixations per word and in the regressive saccades per word. Importantly, relative to the two control groups, letter-by-letter readers also made more fixations per word as word length increased, especially as word frequency and word imageability decreased. Two critical results emerged from these experiments: First, the alteration in the oculomotor behavior of the LBL readers during reading is similar to that seen in normal readers under difficult reading conditions, as well as in beginning readers and in those with developmental dyslexia, and appears to reflect difficulties in processing the visual stimulus. Second, the interaction of length with frequency and with imageability in determining the eye movement pattern is consistent with an interactive activation model of normal word recognition in which weakened activation of orthographic input can nevertheless engage high-level lexical factors.},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Neuropsychologia},
	author = {Behrmann, M and Shomstein, S S and Black, S E and Barton, J J},
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11516450},
	keywords = {*Eye Movements, *Reading, Adult, Comparative Study, Dyslexia/*physiopathology, Female, Hemianopsia/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occipital Lobe/*physiology, Recognition (Psychology), Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {983--1002},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Replication studies in longevity: puzzling findings in Danish centenarians at the 3'APOB-VNTR locus},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alleles,Apolipoproteins B/*genetics,Comparative Study,DNA/analysis/genetics,Demography,Denmark,Female,Gene Frequency/genetics,Genotype,Humans,Italy,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Minisatellite Repeats/*genetics,Models, Genetic,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Risk,Sex Characteristics},
 pages = {371-376},
 volume = {65},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11592926},
 id = {30365bd9-8031-3f7e-8ef2-9d02c1ab8dba},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.031Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:42.142Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0003-4800<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {In Danes we replicated the 3'APOB-VNTR gene/longevity association study previously carried out in Italians, by which the Small alleles (less than 35 repeats) had been identified as frailty alleles for longevity. In Danes, neither genotype nor allele frequencies differed between centenarians and 20-64-year-old subjects. However, when Danish and Italian data were compared, a significant difference (p = 0.0004) was found between the frequencies of Small alleles in youths, which disappeared in centenarians (p = 0.290). Furthermore, the demographic-genetic approach revealed in Danes a significant gene-sex interaction relevant to Long alleles (more than 37 repeats). The different findings in Denmark and Italy suggest that gene/longevity associations are population-specific, and heavily affected by the population-specific genetic and environmental history.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Varcasia, O and Garasto, S and Rizza, T and Andersen-Ranberg, K and Jeune, B and Bathum, L and Andreev, K and Tan, Q and Yashin, A I and Bonafe, M and Franceschi, C and De Benedictis, G},
 journal = {Ann Hum Genet},
 number = {Pt 4}
}

@article{adolphs_emotion_2001,
	title = {Emotion recognition from faces and prosody following temporal lobectomy},
	volume = {15},
	abstract = {The anteromedial temporal lobe has been found to participate in processing emotion, but there are unresolved discrepancies in the literature. To address this issue, the authors investigated recognition of emotion from faces and from prosody in 26 participants with unilateral temporal lobectomy (15 left, 11 right) and in 50 brain-damaged controls. Participants with right, but not left, temporal lobectomy did significantly worse in recognizing fear from facial expressions. There were no group differences in recognizing emotional prosody. Neither IQ nor basic perceptual function accounted for task performance; however, there was a moderate negative correlation between extent of amygdala damage and overall performance. Consistent with some prior studies, these findings support a role for the right anteromedial temporal lobe (including amygdala) in recognizing emotion from faces but caution in drawing conclusions from small group samples.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Neuropsychology},
	author = {Adolphs, R and Tranel, D and Damasio, H},
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11499994},
	keywords = {*Affect, *Face, *Facial Expression, *Linguistics, *Recognition (Psychology), Adult, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/*surgery, Female, Humans, Laterality/physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Perceptual Disorders/*diagnosis/*physiopathology, Postoperative Period, Psychosurgery/*methods, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Temporal Lobe/physiopathology, Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {396--404},
}

@article{maguire_navigation-related_2000,
	title = {Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers.},
	volume = {97},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.070039597},
	abstract = {Structural MRIs of the brains of humans with extensive navigation experience, licensed London taxi drivers, were analyzed and compared with those of control subjects who did not drive taxis. The posterior hippocampi of taxi drivers were significantly larger relative to those of control subjects. A more anterior hippocampal region was larger in control subjects than in taxi drivers. Hippocampal volume correlated with the amount of time spent as a taxi driver (positively in the posterior and negatively in the anterior hippocampus). These data are in accordance with the idea that the posterior hippocampus stores a spatial representation of the environment and can expand regionally to accommodate elaboration of this representation in people with a high dependence on navigational skills. It seems that there is a capacity for local plastic change in the structure of the healthy adult human brain in response to environmental demands.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	author = {Maguire, E A and Gadian, D G and Johnsrude, I S and Good, C D and Ashburner, J and Frackowiak, R S and Frith, C D},
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {10716738},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0027-8424},
	keywords = {Adult, Automobile Driving, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {4398--4403},
}

@article{wilkinson_fmri_2000,
	title = {An {fMRI} study of the selective activation of human extrastriate form vision areas by radial and concentric gratings},
	volume = {10},
	abstract = {The ventral form vision pathway of the primate brain comprises a sequence of areas that include V1, V2, V4 and the inferior temporal cortex (IT) [1]. Although contour extraction in the V1 area and responses to complex images, such as faces, in the IT have been studied extensively, much less is known about shape extraction at intermediate cortical levels such as V4. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate that the human V4 is more strongly activated by concentric and radial patterns than by conventional sinusoidal gratings. This is consistent with global pooling of local V1 orientations to extract concentric and radial shape information in V4. Furthermore, concentric patterns were found to be effective in activating the fusiform face area. These findings support recent psychophysical [2,3] and physiological [4,5] data indicating that analysis of concentric and radial structure represents an important aspect of processing at intermediate levels of form vision.},
	number = {22},
	journal = {Curr Biol},
	author = {Wilkinson, F and James, T W and Wilson, H R and Gati, J S and Menon, R S and Goodale, M A},
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11102809},
	keywords = {Brain Mapping, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Vision/*physiology, Visual Cortex/*physiology, Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {1455--1458},
}

@article{hendricks_development_2000,
	title = {Development of rat chorda tympani sodium responses: evidence for age-dependent changes in global amiloride-sensitive {Na}(+) channel kinetics.},
	volume = {84},
	abstract = {In rat, chorda tympani nerve taste responses to Na(+) salts increase between roughly 10 and 45 days of age to reach stable, mature magnitudes. Previous evidence from in vitro preparations and from taste nerve responses using Na(+) channel blockers suggests that the physiological basis for this developmental increase in gustatory Na(+) sensitivity is the progressive addition of functional, Na(+) transduction elements (i.e., amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channels) to the apical membranes of fungiform papilla taste receptor cells. To avoid potential confounding effects of pharmacological interventions and to permit quantification of aggregate Na(+) channel behavior using a kinetic model, we obtained chorda tympani nerve responses to NaCl and sodium gluconate (NaGlu) during receptive field voltage clamp in rats aged from 12-14 to 60 days and older (60+ days). Significant, age-dependent increases in chorda tympani responses to these stimuli occurred as expected. Importantly, apical Na(+) channel density, estimated from an apical Na(+) channel kinetic model, increased monotonically with age. The maximum rate of Na(+) response increase occurred between postnatal days 12-14 and 29-31. In addition, estimated Na(+) channel affinity increased between 12-14 and 19-23 days of age, i.e., on a time course distinct from that of the maximum rate of Na(+) response increase. Finally, estimates of the fraction of clamp voltage dropped across taste receptor apical membranes decreased between 19-23 and 29-31 days of age for NaCl but remained stable for NaGlu. The stimulus dependence of this change is consistent with a developmental increase in taste bud tight junctional Cl(-) ion permeability that lags behind the developmental increase in apical Na(+) channel density. A significant, indirect anion influence on apical Na(+) channel properties was present at all ages tested. This influence was evident in the higher apparent apical Na(+) channel affinities obtained for NaCl relative to NaGlu. This stimulus-dependent modulation of apical Na(+) channel apparent affinity relies on differences in the transepithelial potentials between NaCl and NaGlu. These originate from differences in paracellular anion permeability but act also on the driving force for Na(+) through apical Na(+) channels. Detection of such an influence on taste depends fundamentally on the preservation of taste bud polarity and on a direct measure of sensory function, such as the response of primary afferents.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {J Neurophysiol},
	author = {Hendricks, S J and Stewart, R E and Heck, G L and DeSimone, J A and Hill, D L},
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {10980025},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0022-3077},
	keywords = {Aging, Amiloride, Ammonium Chloride, Animals, Chorda Tympani Nerve, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Gluconates, Male, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Sodium, Sodium Channels, Sodium Chloride, Stimulation, Chemical, Taste Buds, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {1531--1544},
}

@article{critchley_functional_2000,
	title = {The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour: changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions},
	volume = {123 ( Pt 1},
	abstract = {Although high-functioning individuals with autistic disorder (i.e. autism and Asperger syndrome) are of normal intelligence, they have life-long abnormalities in social communication and emotional behaviour. However, the biological basis of social difficulties in autism is poorly understood. Facial expressions help shape behaviour, and we investigated if high-functioning people with autistic disorder show neurobiological differences from controls when processing emotional facial expressions. We used functional MRI to investigate brain activity in nine adults with autistic disorder (mean age +/- standard deviation 37 +/- 7 years; IQ 102 +/- 15) and nine controls (27 +/- 7 years; IQ 116 +/- 10) when explicitly (consciously) and implicitly (unconsciously) processing emotional facial expressions. Subjects with autistic disorder differed significantly from controls in the activity of cerebellar, mesolimbic and temporal lobe cortical regions of the brain when processing facial expressions. Notably, they did not activate a cortical 'face area' when explicitly appraising expressions, or the left amygdala region and left cerebellum when implicitly processing emotional facial expressions. High-functioning people with autistic disorder have biological differences from controls when consciously and unconsciously processing facial emotions, and these differences are most likely to be neurodevelopmental in origin. This may account for some of the abnormalities in social behaviour associated with autism.},
	journal = {Brain},
	author = {Critchley, H D and Daly, E M and Bullmore, E T and Williams, S C and Van Amelsvoort, T and Robertson, D M and Rowe, A and Phillips, M and McAlonan, G and Howlin, P and Murphy, D G},
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11050021},
	keywords = {*Facial Expression, Adult, Asperger Syndrome/pathology/*physiopathology/psych, Autistic Disorder/pathology/*physiopathology/psych, Brain Mapping, Brain/pathology/*physiopathology, Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology, Emotions/*physiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways/pathology/physiopathology, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Social Behavior Disorders/etiology/pathology/*phys, Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {2203--2212},
}

@article{chiao_characterization_2000,
	title = {Characterization of natural illuminants in forests and the use of digital video data to reconstruct illuminant spectra},
	volume = {17},
	abstract = {We describe illumination spectra in forests and show that they can be accurately recovered from recorded digital video images. Natural illuminant spectra of 238 samples measured in temperate forests were characterized by principal-component analysis. The spectra can be accurately approximated by the mean and the first two principal components. Compared with illumination under open skies, the loci of forest illuminants are displaced toward the green region in the chromaticity plots, and unlike open sky illumination they cannot be characterized by correlated color temperature. We show that it is possible to recover illuminant spectra accurately from digital video images by a linear least-squares-fit estimation technique. The use of digital video data in spectral analysis provides a promising new approach to the studies of the spatial and temporal variation of illumination in natural scenes and the understanding of color vision in natural environments.},
	number = {10},
	journal = {J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis},
	author = {Chiao, C C and Osorio, D and Vorobyev, M and Cronin, T W},
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11028519},
	keywords = {*Color, *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, *Light, *Nature, *Trees, *Videotape Recording, Computers, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.},
	pages = {1713--1721},
}

@article{dicarlo_velocity_1999,
	title = {Velocity invariance of receptive field structure in somatosensory cortical area 3b of the alert monkey.},
	volume = {19},
	abstract = {This is the second in a series of studies of the neural representation of tactile spatial form in cortical area 3b of the alert monkey. We previously studied the spatial structure of 330 area 3b neuronal receptive fields (RFs) on the fingerpad with random dot patterns scanned at one velocity (40 mm/sec; ). Here, we analyze the temporal structure of 84 neuronal RFs by studying their spatial structure at three scanning velocities (20, 40, and 80 mm/sec). As in the previous study, most RFs contained a single, central, excitatory region and one or more surrounding or flanking inhibitory regions. The mean time delay between skin stimulation and its excitatory effect was 15.5 msec. Except for differences in mean rate, each neuron's response and the spatial structure of its RF were essentially unaffected by scanning velocity. This is the expected outcome when excitatory and inhibitory effects are brief and synchronous. However, that interpretation is consistent neither with the reported timing of excitation and inhibition in somatosensory cortex nor with the third study in this series, which investigates the effect of scanning direction and shows that one component of inhibition lags behind excitation. We reconcile these observations by showing that overlapping (in-field) inhibition delayed relative to excitation can produce RF spatial structure that is unaffected by changes in scanning velocity. Regardless of the mechanisms, the velocity invariance of area 3b RF structure is consistent with the velocity invariance of tactile spatial perception (e.g., roughness estimation and form recognition).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Neurosci},
	author = {DiCarlo, J J and Johnson, K O},
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {9870969},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0270-6474},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Brain Mapping, Cortical Synchronization, Evoked Potentials, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neural Inhibition, Somatosensory Cortex, Visual Fields, comparative study, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {401--419},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{irving-bell_distortion_1999,
	title = {A distortion of perceived space in patients with right-hemisphere lesions and visual hemineglect},
	volume = {37},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10426517},
	doi = {10/drssvr},
	abstract = {In twelve patients with left visuospatial hemineglect following acute right hemisphere cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and in twelve normal controls, we used a matching task to investigate judgement of the length of lines. Their task was to choose which of three lines of different length matched a separate single line. On each trial, the lines were all vertical or all horizontal. The set of three lines was presented either to the left or the right of the single line. When the lines were vertical, the choices made both by normal subjects and patients were nearly always correct. However, when the lines were horizontal and the set of comparison lines was on the left, patients mostly selected a line that was longer than the sample on the right, and never chose shorter lines, suggesting that the length of horizontal lines on the left was underestimated. When the set of three lines was on the right, patients chose the correct line more often, but made errors in both directions, i.e. longer or shorter, although shorter lines were chosen more often than longer lines. The rare errors made by normal subjects were in the same directions as those observed in the patients. The results provide further evidence for a non-Euclidean distortion of perceptual space in patients with left sided visuospatial neglect, and suggest that this distortion could be a gross exaggeration of normal performance or a product of diminished spatial attention, or both.},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Neuropsychologia},
	author = {Irving-Bell, L. and Small, M. and Cowey, A.},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Laterality, *Visual Perception, Aged, Attention, Brain/*pathology/physiopathology, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrovascular Disorders/*complications/pathology/physiopathology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perceptual Disorders/*etiology/physiopathology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Size Perception, Space Perception},
	pages = {919--25},
}

@article{davidson_individual_1999,
	title = {Individual differences in prefrontal activation asymmetry predict natural killer cell activity at rest and in response to challenge},
	volume = {13},
	abstract = {Reliable individual differences in electrophysiological measures of prefrontal activation asymmetry exist and predict dispositional mood and other psychological and biological indices of affective style. Subjects with greater relative right-sided activation report more dispositional negative affect and react with greater intensity to negative emotional challenges than their left-activated counterparts. We previously established that such individual differences in measures of prefrontal activation asymmetry were related to basal NK function, with left-activated subjects exhibiting higher levels of NK function than right-activated subjects. The present study was designed to replicate and extend these earlier findings. Subjects were tested in five experimental sessions over the course of 1 year. During the first two sessions, baseline measures of brain electrical activity were obtained to derive indices of asymmetric activation. During sessions 3 and 4, blood samples were taken during a nonstressful period in the semester and then 24 h prior to the subjects' most important final examination. During session 5, subjects were presented with positive and negative film clips 30 min in duration. Blood samples were obtained before and after the film clips. Subjects with greater relative right-sided activation at baseline showed lower levels of basal NK function. They also showed a greater decrease in NK function during the final exam period compared to the baseline period. Subjects with greater relative left-sided activation showed a larger increase in NK function from before to after the positive film clip. These findings indicate that individual differences in electrophysiological measures of asymmetric prefrontal activation account for a significant portion of variance in both basal levels of, and change in NK function.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Brain Behav Immun},
	author = {Davidson, R J and Coe, C C and Dolski, I and Donzella, B},
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {10373275},
	keywords = {*Individuality, Adolescent, Adult, Electroencephalography, Emotions/physiology, Female, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology, Laterality/*physiology, Male, Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {93--108},
}

@article{buxbaum_impaired_1999,
	title = {Impaired face and word recognition without object agnosia},
	volume = {37},
	abstract = {A leading account of high-level visual recognition proposes that the recognition of faces, objects, and words is mediated by two processing capacities. Words are assumed to require the capacity to represent numerous parts, whereas faces are processed wholistically. and hence require the representation of complex units. Object recognition requires the capacity to represent both numerous and complex parts. As object recognition depends upon the same processing capacities underlying face and word recognition, this account predicts that patients with severe alexia and prosopagnosia should be deficient in tests of object recognition. We report a patient who is unable to recognize words or faces, yet performs relatively well on tests of object recognition. The two-capacity theory cannot accommodate this pattern of performance without additional assumptions.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Neuropsychologia},
	author = {Buxbaum, L J and Glosser, G and Coslett, H B},
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {9920470},
	keywords = {Agnosia/*psychology, Face, Humans, Language Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Reading, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {41--50},
}

@article{behrmann_attention_1999,
	title = {Attention accesses multiple reference frames: evidence from visual neglect},
	volume = {25},
	abstract = {Research with normal participants has demonstrated that mechanisms of selective attention can simultaneously gain access to internal representations of spatial information defined with respect to both location- and object-based frames of reference. The present study demonstrates that patients with unilateral spatial neglect following a right-hemisphere lesion are poorer at detecting information on the contralateral left side in both location- and object-based spatial coordinates simultaneously. Moreover, the extent of the neglect is modulated by the probability of a target's appearing in either reference frame; as the probability of sampling a target in a particular frame of reference increases, so does the severity of neglect in the frame. These findings suggest that attention can be flexibly and strategically assigned to a reference frame depending on the contingencies of the task.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
	author = {Behrmann, M and Tipper, S P},
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {10069027},
	keywords = {*Attention, *Field Dependence-Independence, *Orientation, *Pattern Recognition, Visual, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Hemianopsia/diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {83--101},
}

@article{gold_identification_1999,
	title = {Identification of band-pass filtered letters and faces by human and ideal observers.},
	volume = {39},
	abstract = {To better understand how the visual system makes use of information across spatial scales when identifying different kinds of complex patterns, we measured human and ideal contrast identification thresholds to estimate identification efficiency for 1- and 2-octave wide band-pass filtered letters and faces embedded in 2-D dynamic Gaussian noise. Varying stimulus center frequency from 1 to 70 c/object had different effects on letter and face identification efficiency. In the 2-octave conditions, identification efficiencies decreased by 0.25-0.5 log units for letters and 0.5-1.2 log units for faces as center frequency increased from 6.2 to 49.5 c/object, but only letters were identifiable at center frequencies below 6.2 c/object. In the 1-octave conditions, letter identification efficiencies increased by about 0.5 log units as center frequency increased from 1.1 to 2.2 c/object, and were nearly constant from 2.2 to 35 c/object. Letters were unidentifiable by human observers at 70 c/object. Surprisingly, face identification was impossible for human observers at all center frequencies except 8.8 c/object for one observer, and 8.8 and 17.5 c/object for a second observer. Ideal observer thresholds were obtained for both letters and faces in all conditions, so information was always available to perform the task. Thus, the failure to identify faces reflects constraints on visual processing rather than a lack of stimulus information. Selective spatial sampling may account for some of the differences between letter and face identification efficiencies.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {21},
	journal = {Vision Res},
	author = {Gold, J and Bennett, P J and Sekuler, A B},
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {10746125},
	note = {Place: ENGLAND
ISBN: 0042-6989},
	keywords = {*Face Perception, *Letters Alphabet, *Spatial Frequency, *Stimulus Parameters, *Visual Thresholds, Contrast Sensitivity, Face, Female, Form Perception, Human, Humans, Male, Pattern Discrimination, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Sensory Thresholds, Space Perception, Visual Contrast, Visual Perception, WEBLH: SFX http://sfx.brown.edu:8888/sfx\_local?PY\&, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {3537--3560},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{coull_differential_1998,
	title = {Differential activation of right superior parietal cortex and intraparietal sulcus by spatial and nonspatial attention},
	volume = {8},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9740760},
	doi = {10.1006/nimg.1998.0354},
	abstract = {Neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging studies have implicated the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in human spatial attention. We tested the hypothesis that this area is also involved in nonspatial aspects of attention and working memory using positron emission tomography in healthy volunteers. In an initial experiment, digits were presented in pseudo-random spatial locations, and subjects attended either to locations or digits in order to detect single targets (attention condition) or to sequences of stimuli (working memory (WM) condition). Right superior parietal cortex (BA7) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) were active during both spatial (locations) and nonspatial (digits) tasks compared to rest, although more so for the former. Additionally, right PPC was activated to an even greater extent during tests of WM than of attention, especially for tests of spatial WM. There were no differences in activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the spatial versus nonspatial versions of the task, contrary to many previous studies. A follow-up experiment which presented abstract objects in a fixed, central location confirmed that right IPS was active during tests of nonspatial attention and also that this activation is not due to incidental spatial representation of digit stimuli. However, BA7 was not activated by this nonspatial, nondigit attentional task. Overall, these data suggest first that right IPS is recruited for both nonspatial and spatial attention and WM. Second, right BA7 is recruited specifically for spatial (both direct and indirect) forms of attentional processing. Finally, PPC activations in spatial WM tasks are likely to be due to a combination of spatial perception, attention, and WM, rather than to any of these individually.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Neuroimage},
	author = {Coull, J.T. and Frith, C.D.},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Brain Mapping, Adult, Arousal/physiology, Attention/*physiology, Frontal Lobe/physiology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Mental Recall/physiology, Orientation/*physiology, Parietal Lobe/*physiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Tomography, Emission-Computed},
	pages = {176--87},
}

@article{schepis_increasing_1998,
	title = {Increasing communicative interactions of young children with autism using a voice output communication aid and naturalistic teaching},
	volume = {31},
	abstract = {We evaluated the effects of a voice output communication aid (VOCA) and naturalistic teaching procedures on the communicative interactions of young children with autism. A teacher and three assistants were taught to use naturalistic teaching strategies to provide opportunities for VOCA use in the context of regularly occurring classroom routines. Naturalistic teaching procedures and VOCA use were introduced in multiple probe fashion across 4 children and two classroom routines (snack and play). As the procedures were implemented, all children showed increases in communicative interactions using VOCAs. Also, there was no apparent reductive effect of VOCA use within the naturalistic teaching paradigm on other communicative behaviors. Teachers' ratings of children's VOCA communication, as well as ratings of a person unfamiliar with the children, supported the contextual appropriateness of the VOCA. Probes likewise indicated that the children used the VOCAs for a variety of different messages including requests, yes and no responses, statements, and social comments. Results are discussed in regard to the potential benefits of a VOCA when combined with naturalistic teaching procedures. Future research needs are also discussed, focusing on more precise identification of the attributes of VOCA use for children with autism, as well as for their support personnel.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {J Appl Behav Anal},
	author = {Schepis, M M and Reid, D H and Behrmann, M M and Sutton, K A},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9891394},
	keywords = {*Voice, Autistic Disorder/*complications, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Speech Disorders/*complications/*therapy, Speech Therapy/*methods, Time Factors, Verbal Behavior},
	pages = {561--578},
}

@article{kanwisher_effect_1998,
	title = {The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area},
	volume = {68},
	abstract = {Inversion severely impairs the recognition of greyscale faces and the ability to see the stimulus as a face in two-tone Mooney images. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area (FFA). MR signal intensity from the FFA was reduced when greyscale faces were presented upside-down, but this effect was small and inconsistent across subjects when subjects were required to attend to both upright and inverted faces. However when two-tone faces were inverted, the MR signal from the FFA was substantially reduced for all subjects. We conclude that (i) the FFA responds to faces per se, rather than to the low-level visual features present in faces, and (ii) inverted greyscale faces can strongly activate this face-specific mechanism.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Cognition},
	author = {Kanwisher, N and Tong, F and Nakayama, K},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9775518},
	note = {ISBN: 0010-0277},
	keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Face, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Mental Processes, Models, Neurological, Neuropsychological Tests, Occipital Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Reference Values, Statistics as Topic, Temporal Lobe, clinical trial, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s., research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {B1--11},
}

@article{skalski_key_1998,
	title = {A key function for alphav containing integrins in mesodermal cell migration during {Pleurodeles} waltl gastrulation.},
	volume = {195},
	doi = {10.1006/dbio.1997.8838},
	abstract = {During cleavage of Pleurodeles waltl amphibian embryos, inner cells of the blastocoel roof (presumptive ectodermal and mesodermal cells) organize a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) containing fibronectin on their basal surface by a beta1-integrin-dependent process. This matrix is used as a migratory substrate by mesodermal cells during gastrulation. While alpha5beta1 integrin is expressed on both ectodermal and mesodermal cell surface, we have shown previously that alphav containing integrins are essentially restricted to the surface of mesodermal cells (Alfandari, D., Whittaker, C. A., DeSimone, D. W., and Darribère, T., Dev. Biol. 170, 249-261, 1995). To investigate the function of alphav integrins during gastrulation, we have generated a function blocking antibody directed against the extracellular domain of the Pleurodeles integrin alphav subunit. The antibody did not prevent fibronectin fibril formation, whereas an antibody against the alpha5beta1 integrin did. When injected into the blastocoel, the antibody against integrin alphav subunit perturbed gastrulation and further development in a stage-dependent manner. Developmental defects were correlated to an abnormal positioning of the mesoderm layer. In vitro, the antibody blocked spreading of mesodermal cell to fibronectin or blastocoel roof ECM but not their attachment. In contrast, the antibody directed against the alpha5beta1 integrin inhibited both cell attachment and spreading to the same substrates. We propose that the alpha5beta1 integrin is required for fibronectin assembly into fibrils and mesodermal cell attachment to the blastocoel roof ECM, while the alphav containing integrins are necessary for cell spreading, and possibly migration, on this complex network.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Dev Biol},
	author = {Skalski, M and Alfandari, D and Darribère, T},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9520332},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0012-1606},
	keywords = {Animals, Antibody Specificity, Antigens, CD, Cell Adhesion, Cell Movement, Cells, Cultured, Culture Techniques, Extracellular Matrix, Fibronectins, Gastrula, Integrin alphaV, Mesoderm, Pleurodeles, Receptors, Fibronectin, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Vitronectin, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {158--173},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Death,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Denmark,Disease Susceptibility,Environment,Epidemiology, Molecular,Female,Finland,Forecasting,Health,Humans,Life Tables,Likelihood Functions,Longevity/genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Genetic,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Sex Factors,Survival Analysis,Sweden,Twins/*genetics},
 pages = {196-205},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10100811},
 id = {161c25f0-f407-3983-ac34-656acbfb7169},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:57.913Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:58.237Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1369-0523<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Molecular epidemiological studies confirm a substantial contribution of individual genes to variability in susceptibility to disease and death for humans. To evaluate the contribution of all genes to susceptibility and to estimate individual survival characteristics, survival data on related individuals (eg twins or other relatives) are needed. Correlated gamma-frailty models of bivariate survival are used in a joint analysis of survival data on more than 31,000 pairs of Danish, Swedish and Finnish male and female twins using the maximum likelihood method. Additive decomposition of frailty into genetic and environmental components is used to estimate heritability in frailty. The estimate of the standard deviation of frailty from the pooled data is about 1.5. The hypothesis that variance in frailty and correlations of frailty for twins are similar in the data from all three countries is accepted. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability in frailty is about 0.5. The age trajectories of individual hazards are evaluated for all three populations of twins and both sexes. The results of our analysis confirm the presence of genetic influences on individual frailty and longevity. They also suggest that the mechanism of these genetic influences may be similar for the three Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, results indicate that the increase in individual hazard with age is more rapid than predicted by traditional demographic life tables.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Iachine, I A and Holm, N V and Harris, J R and Begun, A Z and Iachina, M K and Laitinen, M and Kaprio, J and Yashin, A I},
 journal = {Twin Res},
 number = {4}
}

@article{wagner_building_1998,
	title = {Building memories: remembering and forgetting of verbal experiences as predicted by brain activity.},
	volume = {281},
	abstract = {A fundamental question about human memory is why some experiences are remembered whereas others are forgotten. Brain activation during word encoding was measured using blocked and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how neural activation differs for subsequently remembered and subsequently forgotten experiences. Results revealed that the ability to later remember a verbal experience is predicted by the magnitude of activation in left prefrontal and temporal cortices during that experience. These findings provide direct evidence that left prefrontal and temporal regions jointly promote memory formation for verbalizable events.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5380},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Wagner, A D and Schacter, D L and Rotte, M and Koutstaal, W and Maril, A and Dale, A M and Rosen, B R and Buckner, R L},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9712582},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0036-8075},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Perception, Prefrontal Cortex, Temporal Lobe, comment, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {1188--1191},
}

@article{Epstein1998,
	title = {A cortical representation of the local visual environment},
	volume = {392},
	doi = {10.1038/33402},
	abstract = {Medial temporal brain regions such as the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal cortex have been generally implicated in navigation and visual memory. However, the specific function of each of these regions is not yet clear. Here we present evidence that a particular area within human parahippocampal cortex is involved in a critical component of navigation: perceiving the local visual environment. This region, which we name the 'parahippocampal place area' (PPA), responds selectively and automatically in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to passively viewed scenes, but only weakly to single objects and not at all to faces. The critical factor for this activation appears to be the presence in the stimulus of information about the layout of local space. The response in the PPA to scenes with spatial layout but no discrete objects (empty rooms) is as strong as the response to complex meaningful scenes containing multiple objects (the same rooms furnished) and over twice as strong as the response to arrays of multiple objects without three-dimensional spatial context (the furniture from these rooms on a blank background). This response is reduced if the surfaces in the scene are rearranged so that they no longer define a coherent space. We propose that the PPA represents places by encoding the geometry of the local environment.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6676},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Epstein, R and Kanwisher, N},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9560155},
	note = {ISBN: 0028-0836},
	keywords = {Brain Mapping, Face, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, PPA, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {598--601},
}

@article{menon_mental_1998,
	title = {Mental chronometry using latency-resolved functional {MRI}.},
	volume = {95},
	abstract = {Vascular responses to neural activity are exploited as the basis of a number of brain imaging techniques. The vascular response is thought to be too slow to resolve the temporal sequence of events involved in cognitive tasks, and hence, imaging studies of mental chronometry have relied on techniques such as the evoked potential. Using rapid functional MRI (fMRI) of single trials of two simple behavioral tasks, we demonstrate that while the microvascular response to the onset of neural activity is delayed consistently by several seconds, the relative timing between the onset of the fMRI responses in different brain areas appears preserved. We examined a number of parameters that characterize the fMRI response and determined that its onset time is best defined by the inflection point from the resting baseline. We have found that fMRI onset latencies determined in this manner correlate well with independently measurable parameters of the tasks such as reaction time or stimulus presentation time and can be used to determine the origin of processing delays during cognitive or perceptual tasks with a temporal accuracy of tens of milliseconds and spatial resolution of millimeters.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {18},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	author = {Menon, R S and Luknowsky, D C and Gati, J S},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9724802},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0027-8424},
	keywords = {Brain, Cognition, Evoked Potentials, Humans, MR Methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reaction Time, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {10902--10907},
}

@article{watt_surface_1997,
	title = {Surface dyslexia in nonfluent progressive aphasia},
	volume = {56},
	abstract = {This article presents the case of a 59-year-old male, JH, with a 6-year history of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), a disorder characterized by isolated language deterioration with relative preservation of other cognitive abilities. JH also shows typical features of surface dyslexia, a reading disorder exemplified by the selective preservation of phonological reading. One recent theory is that surface dyslexia in individuals with PPA results from a loss of semantic knowledge. In this paper we consider an additional possibility and present data supporting the notion that surface dyslexia may also arise from the malfunction in the links between semantic representations and phonology. JH has remarkably preserved lexical semantic knowledge when assessed on tasks that do not require verbal output. Further, item-by-item comparisons of his oral reading and comprehension ability show no significant correspondence between his reading and semantic knowledge. These findings lead us to conclude that, in JH's case, the surface dyslexia is attributable not to a semantic deficit per se but rather to the inability to access phonological information from semantics. JH's language profile is considered in relation to potential sources of surface dyslexia and other cases of progressive aphasia.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Brain Lang},
	author = {Watt, S and Jokel, R and Behrmann, M},
	year = {1997},
	pmid = {9027371},
	keywords = {Aphasia, Broca/*complications/physiopathology, Brain/physiopathology/radionuclide imaging, Dyslexia/*complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neurologic Examination, Projective Techniques, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon},
	pages = {211--233},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marotta_removal_1997,
	title = {The removal of binocular cues disrupts the calibration of grasping in patients with visual form agnosia},
	volume = {116},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9305820},
	abstract = {The present study tested the idea that the visuomotor systems mediating prehension do not have independent access to pictorial cues processed by perceptual mechanisms. Individuals with visual form agnosia, whose perceptual systems are compromised but who have intact visuomotor control, were examined to determine whether they could use pictorial scene cues to calibrate manual prehension when binocular information was removed. The removal of binocular cues produced considerable disruptions in size-constancy of grip aperture, which, combined with earlier observations in normal subjects, suggests that binocular cues are of primary importance in calibration of grasping. In the absence of binocular vision, normal subjects can use pictorial information, information that is severely compromised in individuals with visual form agnosia, to compute the distance (and thus the size) of the goal object. Thus, individuals with visual form agnosia must rely on a retinal image that remains uncalibrated, leading to inaccurate calibrations of grip aperture. The fact that these individuals scaled their grasp much less accurately under the monocular viewing condition, despite showing normal binocular grasping, suggests that pictorial cues to depth, which are presumably processed by mechanisms mediating our perception of objects and events in the world, can be accessed by visuomotor mechanisms only indirectly. These results, together with others, suggest that the visuomotor system 'prefers' to use binocular information and uses pictorial cues only as a last resort.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Exp Brain Res},
	author = {Marotta, J J and Behrmann, M and Goodale, M A},
	year = {1997},
	pmid = {9305820},
	keywords = {*Cues, Adult, Agnosia/*physiopathology, Depth Perception/physiology, Female, Hand Strength/*physiology, Humans, Male, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Vision, Binocular/*physiology, Vision, Monocular/physiology, Visual Perception/*physiology},
	pages = {113--121},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{aglioti_influence_1997,
	title = {Influence of stimulus salience and attentional demands on visual search patterns in hemispatial neglect},
	volume = {34},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9292188},
	doi = {10.1006/brcg.1997.0915},
	abstract = {Seventy-five left and right brain-damaged patients, with or without hemispatial neglect, and 40 age-matched control subjects were tested on cancellation tasks with two different visual textures modeled after Julesz (1981). In one condition ("preattentive"), target elements segregated easily from background elements and were perceived effortlessly. In the other ("attentive"), target elements did not segregate easily and could be detected only after prolonged focal scrutiny. Both controls and patients were more accurate and faster on the preattentive than attentive texture. However, only neglect patients were disproportionately impaired on the attentive texture, thus suggesting that unilateral neglect is exacerbated by the low visual salience of the stimuli and a higher engagement of focal attention. Thus, a simple bedside test may help to tell apart the level of visual information processing maximally impaired in neglect patients.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Brain Cogn},
	author = {Aglioti, S. and Smania, N. and Barbieri, C. and Corbetta, M.},
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Attention, *Visual Fields, Analysis of Variance, Cerebrovascular Disorders/complications/physiopathology, Comparative Study, Humans, Laterality, Parietal Lobe/*physiopathology, Perceptual Disorders/etiology/*physiopathology, Reaction Time, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Temporal Lobe/*physiopathology, Thalamus/*physiopathology},
	pages = {388--403},
}

@article{meng_cloning_1997,
	title = {Cloning and characterization of {cDNAs} encoding the integrin alpha2 and alpha3 subunits from {Xenopus} laevis.},
	volume = {67},
	abstract = {Integrins containing the alpha2 and alpha3 subunits associate with the beta1 subunit to form distinct receptors with partially overlapping adhesive specificities. We report the cloning and sequence of cDNAs that encode the Xenopus orthologues of integrins alpha2 and alpha3 and the expression of these subunits during embryogenesis. Integrin alpha2 and alpha3 mRNAs are first expressed in the dorsal mesoderm and developing notochord at gastrulation. We also show that alpha3 mRNAs are expressed in the entire marginal zone of gastrulae dorsalized with LiCl but that this localization is lost in embryos ventralized by ultraviolet light. Immunoblots reveal that the alpha3 protein is expressed throughout early development, however, the alpha2 protein is not detected until late tailbud stages. Injection of full-length alpha3 transcripts into the animal poles of fertilized eggs results in embryonic defects in paraxial mesoderm attributed to the failure of somites to form segments. Injection of the alpha3 transcripts into the vegetal pole and overexpression of a 5'-truncated alpha3 control construct have no apparent affect on development or somite formation. These data suggest that normal position-specific expression of integrins is important in maintaining the proper organization of tissues during early amphibian morphogenesis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Mech Dev},
	author = {Meng, F and Whittaker, C A and Ransom, D G and DeSimone, D W},
	year = {1997},
	pmid = {9392512},
	note = {Place: IRELAND
ISBN: 0925-4773},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Antibodies, Antigens, CD, Blotting, Northern, Body Patterning, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Complementary, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Humans, Integrin alpha2, Integrin alpha3, Integrins, Molecular Sequence Data, Notochord, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Xenopus laevis, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {141--155},
}

@article{gillebert_hemodynamic_1997,
	title = {The hemodynamic manifestation of normal myocardial relaxation. {A} framework for experimental and clinical evaluation.},
	volume = {52},
	abstract = {Myocardial relaxation clinically manifests itself as left ventricular pressure (LVP) fall. The transition from contraction to relaxation is the precise moment at which 81-84\% of peak isometric force has developed or the equivalent timing early during ejection. Defining the completion of relaxation and distinguishing relaxation from diastole appears merely semantic. Diastole is not a passive phase of the cardiac cycle. During diastole mechanical left ventricular properties still change due to incomplete relaxation, due to creep and stress relaxation, and due to autoregulation by preload and by nitric oxide. Description of timing and rate of LVP fall may provide useful information on underlying cardiac diseases such as ischaemia and hypertrophy. This information will however only be reliable if systolic cardiac function and systolic load are normal, and in the absence of a significant degree of nonuniformity, such as induced by conduction disturbances or by regional myocardial ischemia. The various effects of load and of nonuniformity on myocardial relaxation in the normal heart are reviewed. Coupling of timing and rate of LVP fall are explained in terms of cross-bridge mechanics. Specific effects of systolic pressure on LVP fall and their relation to systolic cardiac function are emphasized. These data constitute a conceptual framework for the analysis of myocardial relaxation in cardiovascular research and in the cardiac patient. Comparison of clinical and experimental data during manipulation of afterload should lead to an improved understanding of clinical relaxation disturbances and to a therapeutic approach, which is relevant from the physiopathological point of view. LVP fall may provide useful and quantitative information on systolic LV function if measurements are performed under different conditions of systolic load. This information is similar to systolic pressure-volume relations, but can be performed with the sole use of a micromanometer in the LV cavity.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Acta Cardiol},
	author = {Gillebert, T C and Leite-Moreira, A F and De Hert, S G},
	year = {1997},
	pmid = {9217915},
	note = {Place: BELGIUM
ISBN: 0001-5385},
	keywords = {Animals, Dogs, Hemodynamics, Humans, Myocardial Contraction, Ventricular Function, Left, Ventricular Pressure, research support, non-u.s. gov't, review},
	pages = {223--246},
}

@article{greenwald_three_1996,
	title = {Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation.},
	volume = {273},
	abstract = {A "response window" technique is described and used to reliably demonstrate unconscious activation of meaning by subliminal (visually masked) words. Visually masked prime words were shown to influence judged meaning of following target words. This priming-effect marker was used to identify two additional markers of unconscious semantic activation: (i) the activation is very short-lived (the target word must occur within about 100 milliseconds of the subliminal prime); and (ii) unlike supraliminal prime-target pairs, a subliminal pair leaves no memory trace that can be observed in response to the next prime-target pair. Thus, unconscious semantic activation is shown to be a readily reproducible phenomenon but also very limited in the duration of its effect.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5282},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Greenwald, A G and Draine, S C and Abrams, R L},
	year = {1996},
	pmid = {8781230},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0036-8075},
	keywords = {Humans, Memory, Perception, Subliminal Stimulation, Time Factors, Unconscious (Psychology), research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s., research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {1699--1702},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Asthma on Tristan da Cunha: looking for the genetic link. The University of Toronto Genetics of Asthma Research Group},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Allergens/diagnostic use,Asthma/epidemiology/*genetics,Atlantic Ocean,Bronchoconstrictor Agents/diagnostic use,Child,Child, Preschool,Consanguinity,Female,Forced Expiratory Volume,Founder Effect,Humans,Linkage (Genetics),Male,Methacholine Chloride/diagnostic use,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sex Distribution,Skin Tests},
 pages = {1902-1906},
 volume = {153},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8665053},
 id = {ba377ad3-36ac-3937-b8d3-44f6b08c99e3},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.103Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:45.287Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1073-449x<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Although asthma has a significant heritable component, the mode of inheritance remains controversial because of the complexity of the disease and the influence of environmental factors. Isolated, inbred populations serve to reduce variability, thus increasing the probability of gene localization. We studied the inbred population of the remote island of Tristan da Cunha to document asthma prevalence for the purpose of genetic linkage analysis. Medical histories and skin atopy were determined on 282 islanders, representing 97% of the population, and airway responsiveness was measured in 254; 226 by methacholine challenge (tidal breathing method) and 28 by bronchodilator response (400 micrograms salbutamol aerosol). Blood samples were collected from 275 islanders. Participants ranged in age from 3 to 94 yr. Asthma was defined as increased airway responsiveness (AR+: PC20 < 4 mg/ml or > or = 15% increase in FEV1 postbronchodilator) combined with a positive history (Hx+). Fifty-seven percent of the islanders had at least partial evidence of asthma (Hx+ and/or AR+) and 23% had a definitive diagnosis of asthma (AR+ with Hx+). Overall 47% of the population were atopic, atopy was proportionally higher in asthmatics (74%) than nonasthmatics (32%; p < 0.01). Analysis of the methacholine dose-response curves demonstrated that asthmatics were significantly (p < 0.01) more responsive than those with AR+ only, and nonasthmatics (AR-, Hx-) were more responsive than laboratory control subjects (p < 0.05), suggesting that these islanders may also carry an airway hyperresponsiveness gene. A frequency plot of the percent fall in FEV1 for all Hx- subjects compared with control data suggests a bimodal distribution consistent with a major gene mechanism for airway responsiveness. Genealogy mapping revealed that the islanders are direct descendants of the 15 original settlers, and historical records suggest at least two founders may have been asthmatic. The data confirm previous reports of a high asthma prevalence on Tristan and support the postulate that this prevalence is a result of gene enrichment occurring in isolated populations by virtue of extensive inbreeding and a probable founder effect.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zamel, N and McClean, P A and Sandell, P R and Siminovitch, K A and Slutsky, A S},
 journal = {Am J Respir Crit Care Med},
 number = {6 Pt 1}
}

@article{bradshaw_interaction_1996,
	title = {The interaction of binocular disparity and motion parallax in the computation of depth},
	volume = {36},
	abstract = {Depth from binocular disparity and motion parallax has traditionally been assumed to be the product of separate and independent processes. We report two experiments which used classical psychophysical paradigms to test this assumption. The first tested whether there was an elevation in the thresholds for detecting the 3D structure of corrugated surfaces defined by either binocular disparity or motion parallax following prolonged viewing (adaptation) of supra-threshold surfaces defined by either the same or different cue (threshold elevation). The second experiment tested whether the depth detection thresholds for a compound stimulus, containing both binocular disparity and motion parallax, were lower than the thresholds determined for each of the components separately (sub-threshold summation). Experiment 1 showed a substantial amount of within- and between-cue threshold elevation and experiment 2 revealed the presence of sub-threshold summation. Together, these results support the view that the combination of binocular disparity and motion parallax information is not limited to a linear, weighted addition of their individual depth estimates but that the cues can interact non-linearly in the computation of depth.},
	number = {21},
	journal = {Vision Research},
	author = {Bradshaw, M F and Rogers, B J},
	year = {1996},
	pmid = {8977012},
	note = {ISBN: 0042-6989},
	keywords = {*Vision Disparity, Adaptation, Ocular, Cues, Depth Perception/*physiology, Humans, Male, Mathematics, Models, Biological, Motion Perception/*physiology, Psychophysics, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Sensory Thresholds/physiology, Vision, Binocular},
	pages = {3457--3468},
}

@article{gattass_responses_1996,
	title = {Responses of cells in the superior colliculus during performance of a spatial attention task in the macaque.},
	volume = {56 Su 1 Pt},
	abstract = {Previous studies have reported that superficial layer cells in the superior colliculus (SC) give an enhanced response to a stimulus when it is the target for an eye movement. However, in a peripheral detection paradigm, no such enhancement was found when a stimulus was attended, in the absence of an eye movement. Inasmuch as behavioral studies have found attention deficits in the absence of eye movements following SC lesions or deactivation, we investigated this issue in a paradigm that is very sensitive to effects of attention. In a matching-to-sample paradigm, a sample stimulus was presented at one location followed by a brief test stimulus at that (relevant) location and a distracter at another (irrelevant) location. While maintaining fixation, the monkey indicated whether the sample and the test stimulus matched, ignoring the distracter. The relevant and irrelevant locations were switched from trial to trial. SC cells in the superficial layers tended to give enhanced responses when the attended test stimulus was inside the receptive field compared to when the (physically identical) distracter was inside the field. We found that responses to attended targets in the receptive field were larger than to physically identical, but ignored, distracter stimuli. These effects were found only in an "automatic" attentional cueing paradigm, in which a peripheral stimulus explicitly cued the animal as to the relevant location in the receptive field. No attentional effects were found in a "central" or "cognitive" cueing paradigm, in which the monkey had to learn the relevant location in a given block of trials. The larger responses to attended targets in the automatic cueing paradigm appeared to be due to a sustained elevation of cells' baseline activity when attention was directed to the receptive field, as well as a transient enhancement of the target response. Thus, responses of SC cells appear to be modulated by directed attention, even in absence of eye movements, probably reflecting the properties of cortical cells projecting to the SC.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Rev Bras Biol},
	author = {Gattass, R and Desimone, R},
	year = {1996},
	pmid = {9394506},
	note = {Place: BRAZIL
ISBN: 0034-7108},
	keywords = {Animals, Attention, Discrimination (Psychology), Macaca mulatta, Spatial Behavior, Superior Colliculi, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {257--279},
}

@article{beale_categorical_1995,
	title = {Categorical effects in the perception of faces},
	volume = {57},
	abstract = {These studies suggest categorical perception effects may be much more general than has commonly been believed and can occur in apparently similar ways at dramatically different levels of processing. To test the nature of individual face representations, a linear continuum of "morphed" faces was generated between individual exemplars of familiar faces. In separate categorization, discrimination and "better-likeness" tasks, subjects viewed pairs of faces from these continua. Subjects discriminate most accurately when face-pairs straddle apparent category boundaries; thus individual faces are perceived categorically. A high correlation is found between the familiarity of a face-pair and the magnitude of the categorization effect. Categorical perception therefore is not limited to low-level perceptual continua, but can occur at higher levels and may be acquired through experience as well.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Cognition},
	author = {Beale, J M and Keil, F C},
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {8556842},
	keywords = {*Face, *Visual Perception, Facial Expression, Humans, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {217--239},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dror_mental_1994,
	title = {Mental imagery and aging},
	volume = {9},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8185873},
	doi = {10/d6nhx3},
	abstract = {Young adult and elderly Ss performed 4 visual mental imagery tasks, each of which tapped different processes. The elderly had relatively impaired image rotation and image activation (the process of accessing and activating stored visual memories), and there was a hint that aging may impair the ability to maintain images. In contrast, the elderly were able to compose (the process of generating the segments of the shape, 1 by 1) and scan visual mental images as well as young adults. However, when the authors correlated the mean performance of each age group across all the tasks, they found that the response times of the elderly were almost perfectly predicted by the performance of the young Ss but that the error rates were not correlated. These findings suggest that although there is slowing with age, individual imaging processes are affected selectively by aging.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Psychol Aging},
	author = {Dror, I.E. and Kosslyn, S.M.},
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Imagination, *Orientation, *Pattern Recognition, Visual, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging/*psychology, Attention, Concept Formation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.},
	pages = {90--102},
}

@article{chandler_minimum_1992,
	title = {Minimum audible movement angle in the horizontal plane as a function of stimulus frequency and bandwidth, source azimuth, and velocity},
	volume = {91},
	abstract = {Minimum audible movement angles (MAMAs) were measured in the horizontal plane for four normal-hearing adult subjects in a darkened anechoic chamber. On each trial, a single stimulus was presented, and the subject had to say whether it came from a stationary loudspeaker or from a loudspeaker that was moving at a constant angular velocity around him. Thresholds were established by adaptively varying stimulus duration. In experiment 1, MAMAs were measured as a function of center frequency (500-5000 Hz), velocity (10 degrees-180 degrees/s), and direction of motion (left versus right). There was no effect of direction of motion. MAMAs increased with velocity, from an average of 8.8 degrees of arc for a target moving at 10 degrees/s to an average of 20.2 degrees of arc for a target moving at 180 degrees/s. MAMAs were higher for a 3000-Hz tone than for tones of lower or higher frequencies, as has been previously reported [D. R. Perrott and J. Tucker, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1522-1527 (1988)]. In experiment 2, minimum audible angles (MAAs) were measured with sequentially presented stationary tone pulses (500-5000 Hz), and were shown to exhibit the same dependence on signal frequency that the MAMAs showed (average MAA at 3000 Hz: 8.4 degrees; average MAA at the other frequencies: 3.4 degrees). In experiment 3, MAMAs and MAAs were measured as a function of stimulus bandwidth (centered at 3000 Hz) and listening azimuth (0 degrees vs 60 degrees). Average MAAs decreased monotonically as stimulus bandwidth increased from 0 Hz to wideband (from 8.4 degrees to 1.2 degrees at 0 degrees azimuth; from 11.3 degrees to 1.5 degrees at 60 degrees azimuth). As in experiment 1, MAMAs increased with stimulus velocity, from values comparable to the MAAs for the slowest-velocity (10 degrees/s) targets to 70 degrees of arc or more in the poorest condition (third-octave band of noise presented at a velocity of 180 degrees/s and an azimuth of 60 degrees). MAMAs obtained in the slower-velocity conditions depended in the same way on stimulus bandwidth and listening azimuth that MAAs depended on these variables. In no case was the MAMA ever smaller than the MAA. It is hypothesized that a minimum integration time is required to achieve optimal performance in a dynamic spatial resolution task. Average estimates of this minimum time based on the current data vary from 336 ms (for targets presented at midline) to 1116 ms (for narrow-band targets presented at 60 degrees azimuth).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
	number = {3},
	journal = {J Acoust Soc Am},
	author = {Chandler, D W and Grantham, D W},
	year = {1992},
	pmid = {1564199},
	keywords = {*Attention, *Loudness Perception, *Orientation, *Pitch Discrimination, *Sound Localization, Adult, Auditory Threshold, Dichotic Listening Tests, Female, Humans, Male, Psychoacoustics, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {1624--1636},
}

@article{gillebert_influence_1991,
	title = {Influence of systolic pressure profile on rate of left ventricular pressure fall.},
	volume = {261},
	abstract = {We examined the influence of the systolic left ventricular pressure (LVP) waveform on the rate of isovolumetric LVP fall, as assessed by the time constant tau. Seven open-chest dogs were instrumented with a micromanometer in the left ventricle, with segment length gauges in the anterior and posterior midwall of the left ventricle, and with a balloon-tipped catheter in the proximal aorta. The intra-aortic balloon was inflated before the onset of ejection (early) or during midejection (late) to produce timed and graded increases in peak LVP of 2-20 mmHg. The rate of LVP fall slowed significantly more with late than with early increases in LVP (tau increased 1.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.3\%/mmHg increase in peak LVP, respectively, P less than 0.001). For a similar increase in peak LVP, there was a progressively greater increase in tau when the timing of balloon inflation was progressively delayed from early to late ejection (in 10-ms increments). The differential effect of early vs. late pressure increases on tau was not related to regional differences in segment length behavior nor to an increase in regional nonuniformity between anterior and posterior sites. We conclude that under the experimental conditions of an intact, ejecting left ventricle, the systolic pressure profile is an important determinant of the rate of pressure fall. The rate of LVP fall slows in direct proportion to the magnitude of increase in systolic pressure. The sensitivity to systolic load increases progressively throughout the ejection period, so that the rate of LVP fall slows significantly more with late than with early pressure increases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3 Pt 2},
	journal = {Am J Physiol},
	author = {Gillebert, T C and Lew, W Y},
	year = {1991},
	pmid = {1887926},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0002-9513},
	keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Diastole, Dogs, Electrocardiography, Heart, Heart Ventricles, Systole, Time Factors, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s., research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {H805--13},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mesulam_large-scale_1990,
	title = {Large-scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory},
	volume = {28},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=2260847},
	doi = {10/fnq75m},
	abstract = {Cognition and comportment are subserved by interconnected neural networks that allow high-level computational architectures including parallel distributed processing. Cognitive problems are not resolved by a sequential and hierarchical progression toward predetermined goals but instead by a simultaneous and interactive consideration of multiple possibilities and constraints until a satisfactory fit is achieved. The resultant texture of mental activity is characterized by almost infinite richness and flexibility. According to this model, complex behavior is mapped at the level of multifocal neural systems rather than specific anatomical sites, giving rise to brain-behavior relationships that are both localized and distributed. Each network contains anatomically addressed channels for transferring information content and chemically addressed pathways for modulating behavioral tone. This approach provides a blueprint for reexploring the neurological foundations of attention, language, memory, and frontal lobe function.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Annals of Neurology},
	author = {Mesulam, M.M.},
	year = {1990},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Animals, Aphasia/physiopathology, Attention/physiology, Cognition/physiology, Frontal Lobe/physiology, Humans, Learning/physiology, Memory/physiology, Mental Processes/*physiology, Nerve Net/*physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
	pages = {597--613},
}

@article{mierson_sugar-activated_1988,
	title = {Sugar-activated ion transport in canine lingual epithelium. {Implications} for sugar taste transduction.},
	volume = {92},
	abstract = {There is good evidence indicating that ion-transport pathways in the apical regions of lingual epithelial cells, including taste bud cells, may play a role in salt taste reception. In this article, we present evidence that, in the case of the dog, there also exists a sugar-activated ion-transport pathway that is linked to sugar taste transduction. Evidence was drawn from two parallel lines of experiments: (a) ion-transport studies on the isolated canine lingual epithelium, and (b) recordings from the canine chorda tympani. The results in vitro showed that both mono- and disaccharides in the mucosal bath stimulate a dose-dependent increase in the short-circuit current over the concentration range coincident with mammalian sugar taste responses. Transepithelial current evoked by glucose, fructose, or sucrose in either 30 mM NaCl or in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (K-H) was partially blocked by amiloride. Among current carriers activated by saccharides, the current response was greater with Na than with K. Ion flux measurements in K-H during stimulation with 3-O-methylglucose showed that the sugar-evoked current was due to an increase in the Na influx. Ouabain or amiloride reduced the sugar-evoked Na influx without effect on sugar transport as measured with tritiated 3-O-methylglucose. Amiloride inhibited the canine chorda tympani response to 0.5 M NaCl by 70-80\% and the response to 0.5 M KCl by approximately 40\%. This agreed with the percent inhibition by amiloride of the short-circuit current supported in vitro by NaCl and KCl. Amiloride also partially inhibited the chorda tympani responses to sucrose and to fructose. The results indicate that in the dog: (a) the ion transporter subserving Na taste also subserves part of the response to K, and (b) a sugar-activated, Na-preferring ion-transport system is one mechanism mediating sugar taste transduction. Results in the literature indicate a similar sweet taste mechanism for humans.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Gen Physiol},
	author = {Mierson, S and DeSimone, S K and Heck, G L and DeSimone, J A},
	year = {1988},
	pmid = {3171536},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0022-1295},
	keywords = {Amiloride, Animals, Biological Transport, Carbohydrates, Chorda Tympani Nerve, Dogs, Electric Conductivity, Epithelium, Ions, Phlorhizin, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Taste, Tongue, comparative study, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s.},
	pages = {87--111},
}

@article{bruce_both_1986,
	title = {Both striate cortex and superior colliculus contribute to visual properties of neurons in superior temporal polysensory area of macaque monkey.},
	volume = {55},
	abstract = {Although the tectofugal system projects to the primate cerebral cortex by way of the pulvinar, previous studies have failed to find any physiological evidence that the superior colliculus influences visual activity in the cortex. We studied the relative contributions of the tectofugal and geniculostriate systems to the visual properties of neurons in the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) by comparing the effects of unilateral removal of striate cortex, the superior colliculus, or of both structures. In the intact monkey, STP neurons have large, bilateral receptive fields. Complete unilateral removal of striate cortex did not eliminate visual responses of STP neurons in the contralateral visual hemifield; rather, nearly half the cells still responded to visual stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion. Thus the visual properties of STP neurons are not completely dependent on the geniculostriate system. Unilateral striate lesions did affect the response properties of STP neurons in three ways. Whereas most STP neurons in the intact monkey respond similarly to stimuli in the two visual hemifields, responses to stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the striate lesion were usually weaker than responses in the ipsilateral hemifield. Whereas the responses of many STP neurons in the intact monkey were selective for the direction of stimulus motion or for stimulus form, responses in the hemifield contralateral to the striate lesion were not selective for either motion or form. Whereas the median receptive field in the intact monkey extended 80 degrees into the contralateral visual field, the receptive fields of cells with responses in the contralateral field that survived the striate lesions had a median border that extended only 50 degrees into the contralateral visual field. Removal of both striate cortex and the superior colliculus in the same hemisphere abolished the responses of STP neurons to visual stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the combined lesion. Nearly 80\% of the cells still responded to visual stimuli in the hemifield ipsilateral to the lesion. Unilateral removal of the superior colliculus alone had only small effects on visual responses in STP. Receptive-field size and visual response strength were slightly reduced in the hemifield contralateral to the collicular lesion. As in the intact monkey, selectivity for stimulus motion or form were similar in the two visual hemifields. We conclude that both striate cortex and the superior colliculus contribute to the visual responses of STP neurons. Striate cortex is crucial for the movement and stimulus specificity of neurons in STP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {J Neurophysiol},
	author = {Bruce, C J and Desimone, R and Gross, C G},
	year = {1986},
	pmid = {3711967},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0022-3077},
	keywords = {Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Functional Laterality, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Nerve Crush, Neurons, Spatial Behavior, Superior Colliculi, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s., research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {1057--1075},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{heilman_hypoarousal_1978,
	title = {Hypoarousal in patients with the neglect syndrome and emotional indifference},
	volume = {28},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=564476},
	doi = {10/gjv83w},
	abstract = {Physiologic theories of emotion suggest that activation is important in the experience of emotion; patients exhibiting "neglect" as a consequence of right parietotemporal of dysfunction show flattened affect. We studied arousal in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere who also exhibited emotional indifference, in aphasic patients with lesions of the left hemisphere, and in non-brain-damaged controls, by stimulating the forearm ipsilateral to the side of the brain lesion while recording galvanic skin responses (GSRs) from the fingers on the same side. The group exhibiting neglect had lower GSRs than aphasic patients or non-brain-damaged controls. Aphasic patients had higher GSRs than non-brain-damaged controls. These results suggest that neglect is associated with disturbances in bilateral arousal and that this disorder of arousal may be responsible in part for flattened affect. The heightened GSR in aphasic patients may reflect disinhibition, which might be partly responsible for increased emotionality in these patients.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Neurology},
	author = {Heilman, K.M. and Schwartz, H.D. and Watson, R.T.},
	year = {1978},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Arousal, Affective Symptoms/etiology/*physiopathology, Aphasia/physiopathology, Brain Diseases/*complications, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Laterality, Male, Middle Aged, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Syndrome},
	pages = {229--32},
}