Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Pressure Ulcers Among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents: Measuring the Impact of Transferring From Hospital},
 type = {article},
 year = {9000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {hospitals,nursing homes,pressure ulcers,risk factors,transitions},
 volume = {Publish Ah},
 websites = {http://journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare/Fulltext/publishahead/Pressure_Ulcers_Among_Newly_Admitted_Nursing_Home.98939.aspx},
 id = {6ce8b842-cc3d-3cba-95e1-07d59a6d86b5},
 created = {2016-08-20T16:52:21.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {ID: 00005650-900000000-98939},
 folder_uuids = {809a91fc-da14-473e-901b-e5536fc82da6},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Objectives: Pressure ulcers (PUs) are reported more often among newly admitted nursing home (NH) residents who transfer from hospital versus community. We examine for whom this increased risk is greatest, further defining hospitalized patients most in need of better PU preventive care. Research Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Subjects: All NH residents (N=5617) newly admitted between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2012 in Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Measures: RAI-MDS 2.0 data were linked to administrative health care use files capturing each person's NH admission date, their presence of a PU at this time, whether they transferred into NH from hospital or community, and their PU susceptibility (eg, amount of help needed to maneuver in bed or to transfer from one surface to another, frequency of incontinence, presence of diabetes, amount of food consistently left uneaten). Log-binomial regression with interaction terms was used to analyze data. Results: 67.6% of our cohort transferred into a NH directly from hospital; 9.2% of these residents were reported to have a stage 1+ PU on NH admission versus 2.6% of those who transferred from community. From regression models, transferring from hospital versus community was associated with increased PU risk equally across various subgroups of less and more susceptible residents. Conclusions: Transferring from hospital versus community places both more and less susceptible newly admitted NH residents at increased PU risk. Using evidence-based preventive care practices is thus needed for all subgroups of hospital patients before NH use, to help reduce PU risk. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Doupe, Malcolm B and Day, Suzanne and McGregor, Margaret J and John, Philip St and Chateau, Dan and Puchniak, Joe and Dik, Natalia and Sarkar, Joykrishna},
 journal = {Medical care}
}

@article{gao_polygenic_2022,
	title = {Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer risk in women of {African} ancestry: a cross-ancestry approach},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1460-2083},
	shorttitle = {Polygenic risk scores for prediction of breast cancer risk in women of {African} ancestry},
	doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddac102},
	abstract = {Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are useful for predicting breast cancer risk, but the prediction accuracy of existing PRSs in women of African ancestry (AA) remains relatively low. We aim to develop optimal PRSs for the prediction of overall and estrogen receptor (ER) subtype-specific breast cancer risk in AA women. The AA dataset comprised 9235 cases and 10 184 controls from four genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia and a GWAS study in Ghana. We randomly divided samples into training and validation sets. We built PRSs using individual-level AA data by a forward stepwise logistic regression and then developed joint PRSs that combined (1) the PRSs built in the AA training dataset and (2) a 313-variant PRS previously developed in women of European ancestry. PRSs were evaluated in the AA validation set. For overall breast cancer, the odds ratio per standard deviation of the joint PRS in the validation set was 1.34 [95\% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-1.42] with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.581. Compared with women with average risk (40th-60th PRS percentile), women in the top decile of the PRS had a 1.98-fold increased risk (95\% CI: 1.63-2.39). For PRSs of ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer, the AUCs were 0.608 and 0.576, respectively. Compared with existing methods, the proposed joint PRSs can improve prediction of breast cancer risk in AA women.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {18},
	journal = {Human Molecular Genetics},
	author = {Gao, Guimin and Zhao, Fangyuan and Ahearn, Thomas U. and Lunetta, Kathryn L. and Troester, Melissa A. and Du, Zhaohui and Ogundiran, Temidayo O. and Ojengbede, Oladosu and Blot, William and Nathanson, Katherine L. and Domchek, Susan M. and Nemesure, Barbara and Hennis, Anselm and Ambs, Stefan and McClellan, Julian and Nie, Mark and Bertrand, Kimberly and Zirpoli, Gary and Yao, Song and Olshan, Andrew F. and Bensen, Jeannette T. and Bandera, Elisa V. and Nyante, Sarah and Conti, David V. and Press, Michael F. and Ingles, Sue A. and John, Esther M. and Bernstein, Leslie and Hu, Jennifer J. and Deming-Halverson, Sandra L. and Chanock, Stephen J. and Ziegler, Regina G. and Rodriguez-Gil, Jorge L. and Sucheston-Campbell, Lara E. and Sandler, Dale P. and Taylor, Jack A. and Kitahara, Cari M. and O'Brien, Katie M. and Bolla, Manjeet K. and Dennis, Joe and Dunning, Alison M. and Easton, Douglas F. and Michailidou, Kyriaki and Pharoah, Paul D. P. and Wang, Qin and Figueroa, Jonine and Biritwum, Richard and Adjei, Ernest and Wiafe, Seth and {GBHS Study Team} and Ambrosone, Christine B. and Zheng, Wei and Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. and García-Closas, Montserrat and Palmer, Julie R. and Haiman, Christopher A. and Huo, Dezheng},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35554533},
	pmcid = {PMC9476624},
	keywords = {Breast Neoplasms, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Multifactorial Inheritance, Receptors, Estrogen, Risk Factors},
	pages = {3133--3143},
}

@article{li_risk_2021,
	title = {Risk factors for poor outcomes in hospitalised {COVID}-19 patients: {A} systematic review and meta-analysis},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {2047-2986},
	shorttitle = {Risk factors for poor outcomes in hospitalised {COVID}-19 patients},
	doi = {10.7189/jogh.11.10001},
	abstract = {Background: Understanding the risk factors for poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients could help identify vulnerable populations who would need prioritisation in prevention and treatment for COVID-19. We aimed to critically appraise and synthesise published evidence on the risk factors for poor outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 patients.
Methods: We searched PubMed, medRxiv and the WHO COVID-19 literature database for studies that reported characteristics of COVID-19 patients who required hospitalisation. We included studies published between January and May 2020 that reported adjusted effect size of any demographic and/or clinical factors for any of the three poor outcomes: mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation. We appraised the quality of the included studies using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools and quantitatively synthesised the evidence through a series of random-effect meta-analyses. To aid data interpretation, we further developed an interpretation framework that indicated strength of the evidence, informed by both quantity and quality of the evidence.
Results: We included a total of 40 studies in our review. Most of the included studies (29/40, 73\%) were assessed as "good quality", with assessment scores of 80 or more. We found that male sex (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.32 (95\% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.48; 20 studies), older age (OR = 1.05, 95\% CI = 1.04-1.07, per one year of age increase; 10 studies), obesity (OR = 1.59, 95\% CI = 1.02-2.48; 4 studies), diabetes (OR = 1.25, 95\% CI = 1.11-1.40; 11 studies) and chronic kidney diseases (6 studies; OR = 1.57, 95\% CI = 1.27-1.93) were associated with increased risks for mortality with the greatest strength of evidence based on our interpretation framework. We did not find increased risk of mortality for several factors including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (5 studies), cancer (4 studies), or current smoker (5 studies); however, this does not indicate absence of risk due to limited data on each of these factors.
Conclusion: Male sex, older age, obesity, diabetes and chronic kidney diseases are important risk factors of COVID-19 poor outcomes. Our review provides not only an appraisal and synthesis of evidence on the risk factors of COVID-19 poor outcomes, but also a data interpretation framework that could be adopted by relevant future research.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Journal of Global Health},
	author = {Li, You and Ashcroft, Thulani and Chung, Alexandria and Dighero, Izzie and Dozier, Marshall and Horne, Margaret and McSwiggan, Emilie and Shamsuddin, Azwa and Nair, Harish},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {33767855},
	pmcid = {PMC7980087},
	keywords = {Aged, COVID-19, Comorbidity, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Factors, SARS-CoV-2, Severity of Illness Index},
	pages = {10001},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{williamson_opensafely_2020,
	title = {{OpenSAFELY}: factors associated with {COVID}-19 death in 17 million patients},
	volume = {584},
	url = {/pmc/articles/PMC7611074/},
	doi = {10.1038/S41586-020-2521-4},
	abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly affected mortality worldwide1. There is unprecedented urgency to understand who is most at risk of severe outcomes, and this requires new approaches for the timely analysis of large datasets. Working on behalf of NHS England, we created OpenSAFELY—a secure health analytics platform that covers 40\% of all patients in England and holds patient data within the existing data centre of a major vendor of primary care electronic health records. Here we used OpenSAFELY to examine factors associated with COVID-19-related death. Primary care records of 17,278,392 adults were pseudonymously linked to 10,926 COVID-19-related deaths. COVID-19-related death was associated with: being male (hazard ratio (HR) 1.59 (95\% confidence interval 1.53–1.65)); greater age and deprivation (both with a strong gradient); diabetes; severe asthma; and various other medical conditions. Compared with people of white ethnicity, Black and South Asian people were at higher risk, even after adjustment for other factors (HR 1.48 (1.29–1.69) and 1.45 (1.32–1.58), respectively). We have quantified a range of clinical factors associated with COVID-19-related death in one of the largest cohort studies on this topic so far. More patient records are rapidly being added to OpenSAFELY, we will update and extend our results regularly.},
	number = {7821},
	urldate = {2021-08-17},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Williamson, Elizabeth J and Walker, Alex J and Bhaskaran, Krishnan and Bacon, Seb and Bates, Chris and Morton, Caroline E and Curtis, Helen J and Mehrkar, Amir and Evans, David and Inglesby, Peter and Cockburn, Jonathan and McDonald, Helen I and MacKenna, Brian and Tomlinson, Laurie and Douglas, Ian J and Rentsch, Christopher T and Mathur, Rohini and Wong, Angel YS and Grieve, Richard and Harrison, David and Forbes, Harriet and Schultze, Anna and Croker, Richard and Parry, John and Hester, Frank and Harper, Sam and Perera, Rafael and Evans, Stephen JW and Smeeth, Liam and Goldacre, Ben},
	month = aug,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {32640463},
	note = {Publisher: Europe PMC Funders},
	keywords = {COVID-19, death, deprivation, ethnicity, informatics, risk factors},
	pages = {430},
}

@article{gbd_2017_hiv_collaborators_global_2019,
	title = {Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of {HIV}, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the {Global} {Burden} of {Diseases}, {Injuries}, and {Risk} {Factors} {Study} 2017},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2352-3018},
	shorttitle = {Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of {HIV}, 1980-2017, and forecasts to 2030, for 195 countries and territories},
	doi = {10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30196-1},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the patterns of HIV/AIDS epidemics is crucial to tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts in countries. We provide a comprehensive assessment of the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, and coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 1980-2017 and forecast these estimates to 2030 for 195 countries and territories.
METHODS: We determined a modelling strategy for each country on the basis of the availability and quality of data. For countries and territories with data from population-based seroprevalence surveys or antenatal care clinics, we estimated prevalence and incidence using an open-source version of the Estimation and Projection Package-a natural history model originally developed by the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modelling, and Projections. For countries with cause-specific vital registration data, we corrected data for garbage coding (ie, deaths coded to an intermediate, immediate, or poorly defined cause) and HIV misclassification. We developed a process of cohort incidence bias adjustment to use information on survival and deaths recorded in vital registration to back-calculate HIV incidence. For countries without any representative data on HIV, we produced incidence estimates by pulling information from observed bias in the geographical region. We used a re-coded version of the Spectrum model (a cohort component model that uses rates of disease progression and HIV mortality on and off ART) to produce age-sex-specific incidence, prevalence, and mortality, and treatment coverage results for all countries, and forecast these measures to 2030 using Spectrum with inputs that were extended on the basis of past trends in treatment scale-up and new infections.
FINDINGS: Global HIV mortality peaked in 2006 with 1·95 million deaths (95\% uncertainty interval 1·87-2·04) and has since decreased to 0·95 million deaths (0·91-1·01) in 2017. New cases of HIV globally peaked in 1999 (3·16 million, 2·79-3·67) and since then have gradually decreased to 1·94 million (1·63-2·29) in 2017. These trends, along with ART scale-up, have globally resulted in increased prevalence, with 36·8 million (34·8-39·2) people living with HIV in 2017. Prevalence of HIV was highest in southern sub-Saharan Africa in 2017, and countries in the region had ART coverage ranging from 65·7\% in Lesotho to 85·7\% in eSwatini. Our forecasts showed that 54 countries will meet the UNAIDS target of 81\% ART coverage by 2020 and 12 countries are on track to meet 90\% ART coverage by 2030. Forecasted results estimate that few countries will meet the UNAIDS 2020 and 2030 mortality and incidence targets.
INTERPRETATION: Despite progress in reducing HIV-related mortality over the past decade, slow decreases in incidence, combined with the current context of stagnated funding for related interventions, mean that many countries are not on track to reach the 2020 and 2030 global targets for reduction in incidence and mortality. With a growing population of people living with HIV, it will continue to be a major threat to public health for years to come. The pace of progress needs to be hastened by continuing to expand access to ART and increasing investments in proven HIV prevention initiatives that can be scaled up to have population-level impact.
FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {The lancet. HIV},
	author = {{GBD 2017 HIV collaborators}},
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {31439534},
	pmcid = {PMC6934077},
	keywords = {Cause of Death, Forecasting, Global Burden of Disease, HIV Infections, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Incidence, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies},
	pages = {e831--e859},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Prevalence of iron deficiency in a South African adolescent inpatient psychiatric population: Rates, risk factors and recommendations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2019},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Anaemia,Iron deficiency,Psychiatric illness,Risk factors},
 pages = {6},
 volume = {25},
 websites = {https://sajp.org.za/index.php/sajp/article/view/1347,http://files/255/Plessis et al. - 2019 - Prevalence of iron deficiency in a South African a.pdf,http://files/256/1347.html},
 month = {8},
 day = {25},
 id = {c3b15105-b68a-3c56-bdcc-70bdbbad7a41},
 created = {2020-09-17T09:27:40.239Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {20f87055-ac78-3c65-9cf5-216a3558d16a},
 group_id = {14ca8526-77d5-34fd-89de-e48cae5e6ee2},
 last_modified = {2020-09-17T09:27:40.239Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 language = {en},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Background: Severe iron deficiency is associated with anaemia, but iron deficiency with normal haemoglobin (Hb) may also affect morbidity and quality of life and contribute to psychiatric illness onset and severity. Psychiatric presentations in adolescence are often indicative of serious long-term morbidity, and addressing contributing health risk factors, such as iron deficiency, is important.Objectives: To determine rates of iron deficiency in a South African inpatient adolescent psychiatric population and possible associations between psychiatric diagnosis and iron deficiency risk factors.Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all adolescent patients (13–18 years old) who were admitted to the Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Unit at Tygerburg Hospital (Cape Town, South Africa) during 2016. Patient records were limited to those with haemoglobin and ferritin levels available, as well as a psychiatric disorder diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The final sample consisted of 93 patients.Results: Of all participants, 7.6% were anaemic, while 22.6% were iron deficient. We found 29% of our population to have anaemia in the absence of iron deficiency. Gender was the only statistically significant correlate, with adolescent females at particular risk of compromised iron status as indicated by a low ferritin level (45% of female sample).Conclusion: Iron deficiency rates remain a relevant health concern, and testing Hb alone is inadequate to assess iron status in this population. Ferritin is a necessary additional parameter and should be included in the usual medical workup.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Plessis, Theonie du and Moxley, Karis and Lachman, Anusha},
 journal = {South African Journal of Psychiatry},
 number = {0}
}

@article{schork_genome-wide_2019,
	title = {A genome-wide association study of shared risk across psychiatric disorders implicates gene regulation during fetal neurodevelopment},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1546-1726},
	doi = {10.1038/s41593-018-0320-0},
	abstract = {There is mounting evidence that seemingly diverse psychiatric disorders share genetic etiology, but the biological substrates mediating this overlap are not well characterized. Here we leverage the unique Integrative Psychiatric Research Consortium (iPSYCH) study, a nationally representative cohort ascertained through clinical psychiatric diagnoses indicated in Danish national health registers. We confirm previous reports of individual and cross-disorder single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability for major psychiatric disorders and perform a cross-disorder genome-wide association study. We identify four novel genome-wide significant loci encompassing variants predicted to regulate genes expressed in radial glia and interneurons in the developing neocortex during mid-gestation. This epoch is supported by partitioning cross-disorder single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability, which is enriched at regulatory chromatin active during fetal neurodevelopment. These findings suggest that dysregulation of genes that direct neurodevelopment by common genetic variants may result in general liability for many later psychiatric outcomes.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Nature Neuroscience},
	author = {Schork, Andrew J. and Won, Hyejung and Appadurai, Vivek and Nudel, Ron and Gandal, Mike and Delaneau, Olivier and Revsbech Christiansen, Malene and Hougaard, David M. and Bækved-Hansen, Marie and Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas and Giørtz Pedersen, Marianne and Agerbo, Esben and Bøcker Pedersen, Carsten and Neale, Benjamin M. and Daly, Mark J. and Wray, Naomi R. and Nordentoft, Merete and Mors, Ole and Børglum, Anders D. and Bo Mortensen, Preben and Buil, Alfonso and Thompson, Wesley K. and Geschwind, Daniel H. and Werge, Thomas},
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {30692689},
	pmcid = {PMC6497521},
	note = {00000 },
	keywords = {Brain, Cohort Studies, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors},
	pages = {353--361}
}

@article{monaro_chaos_2018,
	title = {The chaos of hospitalisation for patients with critical limb ischaemia approaching  major amputation.},
	volume = {27},
	copyright = {© 2018 John Wiley \& Sons Ltd.},
	issn = {1365-2702 0962-1067},
	doi = {10.1111/jocn.14536},
	abstract = {AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To illuminate the hospital experience for patients and families  when major amputation has been advised for critical limb ischaemia (CLI).  BACKGROUND: CLI creates significant burden to the health system and the family,  particularly as the person with CLI approaches amputation. Major amputation is often  offered as a late intervention for CLI in response to the marked deterioration of an  ischaemic limb, and functional decline from reduced mobility, intractable pain,  infection and/or toxaemia. While a wealth of clinical outcome data on CLI and  amputation exists internationally, little is known about the patient/family-centred  experience of hospitalisation to inform preservation of personhood and  patient-centred care planning. DESIGN: Longitudinal qualitative study using  Heideggerian phenomenology. METHODS: Fourteen patients and 13 family carers provided  a semistructured interview after advice for major amputation. Where amputation  followed, a second interview (6 months postprocedure) was provided by eight patients  and seven family carers. Forty-two semistructured interviews were audio-recorded and  transcribed verbatim. Hermeneutic phenomenological analysis followed. RESULTS:  Hospitalisation for CLI, with or without amputation, created a sense of chaos,  characterised by being fragile and needing more time for care (fragile body and  fragile mind, nurse busyness and carer hypervigilance), being adrift within  uncontrollable spaces (noise, unreliable space, precarious accommodation and  unpredictable scheduling) and being confused by missed and mixed messages (multiple  stakeholders, information overload and cultural/linguistic diversity). CONCLUSIONS:  Patients and families need a range of strategies to assist mindful decision-making  in preparation for amputation in what for them is a chaotic process occurring within  a chaotic environment. Cognitive deficits increase the care complexity and burden of  family advocacy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A coordinated, interprofessional  response should improve systems for communication, family engagement, operation  scheduling and discharge planning to support preparation, adjustment and allow a  sense of safety to develop. Formal peer support for patients and caregivers should  be actively facilitated.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {19-20},
	journal = {Journal of clinical nursing},
	author = {Monaro, Susan and West, Sandra and Pinkova, Jana and Gullick, Janice},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {29776002},
	note = {Place: England},
	keywords = {*Hospitalization, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amputation/*psychology, Caregivers/psychology, Extremities/*blood supply, Female, Humans, Ischemia/*psychology/*surgery, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Treatment Outcome, communication, critical limb ischaemia, frailty, major amputation, phenomenology, qualitative research},
	pages = {3530--3543},
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{Katoto2018,
author = {Katoto, Patrick D M C and Thienemann, Friedrich and Bulabula, Andr{\'{e}} N H and Esterhuizen, Tonya M and Murhula, Aim{\'{e}} B and Lunjwire, Pierre P M and Bihehe, Dieudonn{\'{e}} M and Nachega, Jean B},
doi = {10.1111/tmi.13073},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/01462563/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Katoto et al. - 2018 - Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults at three urban clinics in a post-conflic.pdf:pdf},
issn = {13602276},
journal = {Tropical Medicine {\&} International Health},
keywords = {Africa,Afrique,Cardiovasculaire,DR Congo,HIV,M{\'{e}}tabolique,RD Congo,VIH,antiretroviral therapy,cardiovascular,facteurs de risque,fund{\_}not{\_}ack,metabolic,original,risk factors,traitement antir{\'{e}}troviral},
mendeley-tags = {fund{\_}not{\_}ack,original},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {795--805},
publisher = {Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111)},
title = {{Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected adults at three urban clinics in a post-conflict setting, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/tmi.13073},
volume = {23},
year = {2018}
}

@article{de_souza_etiopathogenesis_2017,
	title = {Etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease: today and tomorrow},
	volume = {33},
	issn = {1531-7056},
	shorttitle = {Etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease},
	doi = {10.1097/MOG.0000000000000364},
	abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represent chronic diseases of unknown cause, and they are regarded as prototypical complex diseases. Despite all the recent advances, a complete appreciation of the pathogenesis of IBD is still limited. In this review, we present recent information contributing to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying IBD.
RECENT FINDINGS: Here, we attempt to highlight novel environmental triggers, data on the gut microbiota, its interaction with the host, and the potential influence of diet and food components. We discuss recent findings on defective signaling pathways and the potential effects on the immune response, and we present new data on epigenetic changes, inflammasome, and damage-associated molecular patterns associated with IBD.
SUMMARY: The continuing identification of several epigenetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic alterations in patients with IBD reflects the complex nature of the disease and suggests the need for innovative approaches such as systems biology for identifying novel relevant targets in IBD.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Gastroenterology},
	author = {de Souza, Heitor S. P.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28402995},
	keywords = {Diet, Western, Epigenomics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Metabolomics, Proteomics, Risk Factors, Systems Biology},
	pages = {222--229},
}

@article{reid_epidemiology_2017,
	title = {Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {2095-3941},
	shorttitle = {Epidemiology of ovarian cancer},
	doi = {10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0084},
	abstract = {Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world and the tenth most common in China. Epithelial OC is the most predominant pathologic subtype, with five major histotypes that differ in origination, pathogenesis, molecular alterations, risk factors, and prognosis. Genetic susceptibility is manifested by rare inherited mutations with high to moderate penetrance. Genome-wide association studies have additionally identified 29 common susceptibility alleles for OC, including 14 subtype-specific alleles. Several reproductive and hormonal factors may lower risk, including parity, oral contraceptive use, and lactation, while others such as older age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy confer increased risks. These associations differ by histotype, especially for mucinous OC, likely reflecting differences in etiology. Endometrioid and clear cell OC share a similar, unique pattern of associations with increased risks among women with endometriosis and decreased risks associated with tubal ligation. OC risks associated with other gynecological conditions and procedures, such as hysterectomy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and polycystic ovarian syndrome, are less clear. Other possible risk factors include environmental and lifestyle factors such as asbestos and talc powder exposures, and cigarette smoking. The epidemiology provides clues on etiology, primary prevention, early detection, and possibly even therapeutic strategies.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Cancer Biology \& Medicine},
	author = {Reid, Brett M. and Permuth, Jennifer B. and Sellers, Thomas A.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28443200},
	pmcid = {PMC5365187},
	keywords = {Ovarian cancer, epidemiology, histology, reproductive history, risk factors},
	pages = {9--32},
}

@article{bigford_lifestyle_2017,
	title = {A lifestyle intervention program for successfully addressing major cardiometabolic risks in persons with {SCI}: a three-subject case series},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2058-6124},
	shorttitle = {A lifestyle intervention program for successfully addressing major cardiometabolic risks in persons with {SCI}},
	doi = {10.1038/scsandc.2017.7},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study is a prospective case series analyzing the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention program in three patients with chronic paraplegia having major risks for the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS).
CASE PRESENTATION: Individuals underwent an intense 6-month program of circuit resistance exercise, nutrition using a Mediterranean diet and behavioral support, followed by a 6-month extension (maintenance) phase involving minimal support. The primary goal was a 7\% reduction of body mass. Other outcomes analyzed insulin resistance using the HOMA-IR model, and plasma levels of fasting triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All participants achieved the goal for 7\% reduction of body mass and maintained the loss after the MP. Improvements were observed in 2/3 subjects for HOMA-IR and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. All participants improved their risk for plasma triglycerides.
DISCUSSION: We conclude, in a three-person case series of persons with chronic paraplegia, a lifestyle intervention program involving circuit resistance training, a calorie-restrictive Mediterranean-style diet and behavioral support, results in clinically significant loss of body mass and effectively reduced component risks for CMS and diabetes. These results were for the most part maintained after a 6-month MP involving minimal supervision.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Spinal Cord Series and Cases},
	author = {Bigford, Gregory E. and Mendez, Armando J. and Betancourt, Luisa and Burns-Drecq, Patricia and Backus, Deborah and Nash, Mark S.},
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28382218},
	pmcid = {PMC5352674},
	keywords = {Cardiovascular diseases, Risk factors},
	pages = {17007},
}

@article{pascual_bloodstream_2016,
	title = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases: epidemiology and clinical features},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1435-4373},
	shorttitle = {Bloodstream infections caused by {Escherichia} coli producing {AmpC} β-lactamases},
	doi = {10.1007/s10096-016-2752-3},
	abstract = {The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology and clinical features of bloodstream infections due to Escherichia coli producing AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC-Ec-BSI). In a multi-centre case-control study, all third-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli BSI (3GC-Ec-BSI) isolates were analysed. Acquired bla AmpC (bla ac-AmpC) detection was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Chromosomal bla AmpC (bla c-AmpC) expression was quantified by real-time PCR. Cases were patients with AmpC-Ec-BSI. Controls were patients with cephalosporin-susceptible E. coli BSI, matched 1:1 by sex and age. Demographics, comorbidities, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, clinical presentation and outcomes were investigated. Among 841 E. coli BSI, 17 were caused by AmpC-Ec (2 \%). Eleven isolates (58.8 \%) had bla ac-AmpC and six were bla c-AmpC overproducers. The mean age of cases was 66.2 years and 71 \% were men. Cases were more frequently healthcare-related (82 vs. 52 \% controls, p {\textless} 0.05) and presented more intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. At least one risk factor was present in 94.1 \% of cases vs. 41.7 \% of controls (p = 0.002). Severity and length of stay (LOS) were higher among cases (mean Pitt Score 2.6 vs. 0.38 in controls, p = 0.03; LOS 17.5 days vs. 6 in controls, p = 0.02). Inappropriate empirical therapy (IET) was administered to 70.6 \% of cases and 23.5 \% of controls (p {\textless} 0.003). No differences were found in terms of cure rate at the 14th day and mortality. Bloodstream infections due to AmpC-Ec (mostly plasmid-mediated) are infrequent in our area. AmpC-Ec-BSI affects mainly patients with intrinsic risk factors and those with previous antibiotic exposure. A high proportion received IET.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {European Journal of Clinical Microbiology \& Infectious Diseases: Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology},
	author = {Pascual, V. and Alonso, N. and Simó, M. and Ortiz, G. and Garcia, M. C. and Xercavins, M. and Rivera, A. and Morera, M. A. and Miró, E. and Espejo, E. and Navarro, F. and Gurguí, M. and Pérez, J. and Rodríguez-Carballeira, M. and Garau, J. and Calbo, E.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27549108},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Bacterial Proteins, Case-Control Studies, DNA, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli Infections, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Risk Factors, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, beta-Lactamases},
	pages = {1997--2003},
}

@article{liu_rs2735383_2016,
	title = {rs2735383, located at a {microRNA} binding site in the 3'{UTR} of {NBS1}, is not associated with breast cancer risk},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/srep36874},
	abstract = {NBS1, also known as NBN, plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Interestingly, rs2735383 G {\textgreater} C, located in a microRNA binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of NBS1, was shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to lung and colorectal cancer. However, the relation between rs2735383 and susceptibility to breast cancer is not yet clear. Therefore, we genotyped rs2735383 in 1,170 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 1,077 controls using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) analysis, but found no association between rs2735383CC and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.214, 95\% CI = 0.936-1.574, P = 0.144). Because we could not exclude a small effect size due to a limited sample size, we further analyzed imputed rs2735383 genotypes (r2 {\textgreater} 0.999) of 47,640 breast cancer cases and 46,656 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). However, rs2735383CC was not associated with overall breast cancer risk in European (OR = 1.014, 95\% CI = 0.969-1.060, P = 0.556) nor in Asian women (OR = 0.998, 95\% CI = 0.905-1.100, P = 0.961). Subgroup analyses by age, age at menarche, age at menopause, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, breast feeding, family history and receptor status also did not reveal a significant association. This study therefore does not support the involvement of the genotype at NBS1 rs2735383 in breast cancer susceptibility.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	author = {Liu, Jingjing and Lončar, Ivona and Collée, J. Margriet and Bolla, Manjeet K. and Dennis, Joe and Michailidou, Kyriaki and Wang, Qin and Andrulis, Irene L. and Barile, Monica and Beckmann, Matthias W. and Behrens, Sabine and Benitez, Javier and Blomqvist, Carl and Boeckx, Bram and Bogdanova, Natalia V. and Bojesen, Stig E. and Brauch, Hiltrud and Brennan, Paul and Brenner, Hermann and Broeks, Annegien and Burwinkel, Barbara and Chang-Claude, Jenny and Chen, Shou-Tung and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia and Cheng, Ching Y. and Choi, Ji-Yeob and Couch, Fergus J. and Cox, Angela and Cross, Simon S. and Cuk, Katarina and Czene, Kamila and Dörk, Thilo and Dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel and Fasching, Peter A. and Figueroa, Jonine and Flyger, Henrik and García-Closas, Montserrat and Giles, Graham G. and Glendon, Gord and Goldberg, Mark S. and González-Neira, Anna and Guénel, Pascal and Haiman, Christopher A. and Hamann, Ute and Hart, Steven N. and Hartman, Mikael and Hatse, Sigrid and Hopper, John L. and Ito, Hidemi and Jakubowska, Anna and Kabisch, Maria and Kang, Daehee and Kosma, Veli-Matti and Kristensen, Vessela N. and Le Marchand, Loic and Lee, Eunjung and Li, Jingmei and Lophatananon, Artitaya and Jan Lubinski, null and Mannermaa, Arto and Matsuo, Keitaro and Milne, Roger L. and {NBCS Collaborators} and Neuhausen, Susan L. and Nevanlinna, Heli and Orr, Nick and Perez, Jose I. A. and Peto, Julian and Putti, Thomas C. and Pylkäs, Katri and Radice, Paolo and Sangrajrang, Suleeporn and Sawyer, Elinor J. and Schmidt, Marjanka K. and Schneeweiss, Andreas and Shen, Chen-Yang and Shrubsole, Martha J. and Shu, Xiao-Ou and Simard, Jacques and Southey, Melissa C. and Swerdlow, Anthony and Teo, Soo H. and Tessier, Daniel C. and Thanasitthichai, Somchai and Tomlinson, Ian and Torres, Diana and Truong, Thérèse and Tseng, Chiu-Chen and Vachon, Celine and Winqvist, Robert and Wu, Anna H. and Yannoukakos, Drakoulis and Zheng, Wei and Hall, Per and Dunning, Alison M. and Easton, Douglas F. and Hooning, Maartje J. and van den Ouweland, Ans M. W. and Martens, John W. M. and Hollestelle, Antoinette},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27845421},
	pmcid = {PMC5109293},
	keywords = {3' Untranslated Regions, Alleles, BRCA1 Protein, BRCA2 Protein, Binding Sites, Breast Neoplasms, Cell Cycle Proteins, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, MicroRNAs, Nuclear Proteins, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors},
	pages = {36874},
}

@article{mitchell_physical_2016,
	title = {Physical {Activity} {Benefits} the {Skeleton} of {Children} {Genetically} {Predisposed} to {Lower} {Bone} {Density} in {Adulthood}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1523-4681},
	doi = {10.1002/jbmr.2872},
	abstract = {Both genetics and physical activity (PA) contribute to bone mineral density (BMD), but it is unknown if the benefits of physical activity on childhood bone accretion depend on genetic risk. We, therefore, aimed to determine if PA influenced the effect of bone fragility genetic variants on BMD in childhood. Our sample comprised US children of European ancestry enrolled in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (N = 918, aged 5 to 19 years, and 52.4\% female). We used a questionnaire to estimate hours per day spent in total, high-, and low-impact PA. We calculated a BMD genetic score (\% BMD lowering alleles) using adult genome-wide association study (GWAS)-implicated BMD variants. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to estimate femoral neck, total hip, and spine areal-BMD and total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC) Z-scores. The BMD genetic score was negatively associated with each bone Z-score (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate = -0.03, p = 1.3 × 10(-6) ). Total PA was positively associated with bone Z-scores; these associations were driven by time spent in high-impact PA (eg, TBLH-BMC: estimate = 0.05, p = 4.0 × 10(-10) ) and were observed even for children with lower than average bone Z-scores. We found no evidence of PA-adult genetic score interactions (p interaction {\textgreater} 0.05) at any skeletal site, and there was no evidence of PA-genetic score-Tanner stage interactions at any skeletal site (p interaction {\textgreater} 0.05). However, exploratory analyses at the individual variant level revealed that PA statistically interacted with rs2887571 (ERC1/WNT5B) to influence TBLH-BMC in males (p interaction = 7.1 × 10(-5) ), where PA was associated with higher TBLH-BMC Z-score among the BMD-lowering allele carriers (rs2887571 AA homozygotes: estimate = 0.08 [95\% CI 0.06, 0.11], p = 2.7 × 10(-9) ). In conclusion, the beneficial effect of PA on bone, especially high-impact PA, applies to the average child and those genetically predisposed to lower adult BMD (based on GWAS-implicated BMD variants). Independent replication of our exploratory individual variant findings is warranted. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: The Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
	author = {Mitchell, Jonathan A. and Chesi, Alessandra and Elci, Okan and McCormack, Shana E. and Roy, Sani M. and Kalkwarf, Heidi J. and Lappe, Joan M. and Gilsanz, Vicente and Oberfield, Sharon E. and Shepherd, John A. and Kelly, Andrea and Grant, Struan Fa and Zemel, Babette S.},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27172274},
	pmcid = {PMC4970901},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, BONE MINERAL DENSITY, Bone Density, Bone and Bones, CHILDREN, Child, Cohort Studies, EXERCISE, Exercise, Female, GENETIC, Genetic Loci, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1504--1512}
}

@article{klein_risk_2016,
	title = {Risk of {End}-{Stage} {Liver} {Disease} in {HIV}-{Viral} {Hepatitis} {Coinfected} {Persons} in {North} {America} {From} the {Early} to {Modern} {Antiretroviral} {Therapy} {Eras}},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1537-6591},
	doi = {10.1093/cid/ciw531},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients coinfected with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are at increased risk of end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Whether modern antiretroviral therapy has reduced ESLD risk is unknown.
METHODS: Twelve clinical cohorts in the United States and Canada participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design validated ESLD events from 1996 to 2010. ESLD incidence rates and rate ratios according to hepatitis status adjusted for age, sex, race, cohort, time-updated CD4 cell count and HIV RNA were estimated in calendar periods corresponding to major changes in antiretroviral therapy: early (1996-2000), middle (2001-2005), and modern (2006-2010) eras.
RESULTS: Among 34 119 HIV-infected adults followed for 129 818 person-years, 380 incident ESLD outcomes occurred. ESLD incidence (per 1000 person-years) was highest in triply infected (11.57) followed by HBV- (8.72) and HCV- (6.10) coinfected vs 1.27 in HIV-monoinfected patients. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (95\% confidence intervals) comparing the modern to the early antiretroviral era were 0.95 (.61-1.47) for HCV, 0.95 (.40-2.26) for HBV, and 1.52 (.46-5.02) for triply infected patients. Use of antiretrovirals dually activity against HBV increased over time. However, in the modern era, 35\% of HBV-coinfected patients were not receiving tenofovir. There was little use of HCV therapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing use of antiretrovirals, no clear reduction in ESLD risk was observed over 15 years. Treatment with direct-acting antivirals for HCV and wider use of tenofovir-based regimens for HBV should be prioritized for coinfected patients.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
	author = {Klein, Marina B. and Althoff, Keri N. and Jing, Yuezhou and Lau, Bryan and Kitahata, Mari and Lo Re, Vincent and Kirk, Gregory D. and Hull, Mark and Kim, H. Nina and Sebastiani, Giada and Moodie, Erica E. M. and Silverberg, Michael J. and Sterling, Timothy R. and Thorne, Jennifer E. and Cescon, Angela and Napravnik, Sonia and Eron, Joe and Gill, M. John and Justice, Amy and Peters, Marion G. and Goedert, James J. and Mayor, Angel and Thio, Chloe L. and Cachay, Edward R. and Moore, Richard and {North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design of IeDEA} and {North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD) of IeDEA}},
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27506682},
	pmcid = {PMC5064164},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Anti-HIV Agents, Canada, Cohort Studies, Coinfection, End Stage Liver Disease, Female, HIV, HIV Infections, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, United States, coinfection, end-stage liver disease, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus},
	pages = {1160--1167},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{harley_impact_2016,
	title = {Impact of healthcare reform on {LGBT} elders},
	url = {http://uml.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1862755097?accountid=14569},
	abstract = {The purpose of this chapter was to examine the impact of healthcare reform in the USA on LGBT elders, especially the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Attention is given to health disparities and coming out risk factors for LGBT elders, health systems challenges for LGBT elders, advantages and disadvantages of healthcare reform on LGBT elders, and future directions of healthcare reform in the USA. Where appropriate, discussion from an international perspective is included, especially Canada and the UK. It is not the intent of this chapter to endorse any point of view over the other or to be advisory about healthcare issues. The intent is to present multiple perspectives concerning the benefits and debates of healthcare reform on seniors, especially LGBT elders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
(Source: chapter)},
	language = {English},
	booktitle = {Handbook of {LGBT} elders: {An} interdisciplinary approach to principles, practices, and policies},
	publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media, New York, NY},
	author = {Harley, Debra A.},
	editor = {Harley, Debra A. and Teaster, Pamela B.},
	year = {2016},
	note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03623-6\_19},
	keywords = {3370:Health \& Mental Health Services, Adulthood (18 yrs \& older), Aged (65 yrs \& older), Aging, Cross Cultural Differences, Empirical Study, Female, Health Care Reform, Health Disparities, Healthcare reform, Human, LGBT elders' health, LGBT health disparities, Longitudinal Study, Male, Psychology: Professional \& Research, Quantitative Study, Retrospective Study, Risk Factors, Transgender, bookitem},
	pages = {375--389, Chapter xviii, 691 Pages}
}

@article{meeks_brca2_2016,
	title = {{BRCA2} {Polymorphic} {Stop} {Codon} {K3326X} and the {Risk} of {Breast}, {Prostate}, and {Ovarian} {Cancers}},
	volume = {108},
	issn = {1460-2105},
	doi = {10.1093/jnci/djv315},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A{\textgreater}T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers.
METHODS: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95\% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided.
RESULTS: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95\% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10(-) (6)) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95\% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10(-3)). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95\% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10(-5) and ORw = 1.50, 95\% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10(-5), respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95\% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
	author = {Meeks, Huong D. and Song, Honglin and Michailidou, Kyriaki and Bolla, Manjeet K. and Dennis, Joe and Wang, Qin and Barrowdale, Daniel and Frost, Debra and {EMBRACE} and McGuffog, Lesley and Ellis, Steve and Feng, Bingjian and Buys, Saundra S. and Hopper, John L. and Southey, Melissa C. and Tesoriero, Andrea and {kConFab Investigators} and James, Paul A. and Bruinsma, Fiona and Campbell, Ian G. and {Australia Ovarian Cancer Study Group} and Broeks, Annegien and Schmidt, Marjanka K. and Hogervorst, Frans B. L. and {HEBON} and Beckman, Matthias W. and Fasching, Peter A. and Fletcher, Olivia and Johnson, Nichola and Sawyer, Elinor J. and Riboli, Elio and Banerjee, Susana and Menon, Usha and Tomlinson, Ian and Burwinkel, Barbara and Hamann, Ute and Marme, Frederik and Rudolph, Anja and Janavicius, Ramunas and Tihomirova, Laima and Tung, Nadine and Garber, Judy and Cramer, Daniel and Terry, Kathryn L. and Poole, Elizabeth M. and Tworoger, Shelley S. and Dorfling, Cecilia M. and van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. and Godwin, Andrew K. and Guénel, Pascal and Truong, Thérèse and {GEMO Study Collaborators} and Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique and Damiola, Francesca and Mazoyer, Sylvie and Sinilnikova, Olga M. and Isaacs, Claudine and Maugard, Christine and Bojesen, Stig E. and Flyger, Henrik and Gerdes, Anne-Marie and Hansen, Thomas V. O. and Jensen, Allen and Kjaer, Susanne K. and Hogdall, Claus and Hogdall, Estrid and Pedersen, Inge Sokilde and Thomassen, Mads and Benitez, Javier and González-Neira, Anna and Osorio, Ana and Hoya, Miguel de la and Segura, Pedro Perez and Diez, Orland and Lazaro, Conxi and Brunet, Joan and Anton-Culver, Hoda and Eunjung, Lee and John, Esther M. and Neuhausen, Susan L. and Ding, Yuan Chun and Castillo, Danielle and Weitzel, Jeffrey N. and Ganz, Patricia A. and Nussbaum, Robert L. and Chan, Salina B. and Karlan, Beth Y. and Lester, Jenny and Wu, Anna and Gayther, Simon and Ramus, Susan J. and Sieh, Weiva and Whittermore, Alice S. and Monteiro, Alvaro N. A. and Phelan, Catherine M. and Terry, Mary Beth and Piedmonte, Marion and Offit, Kenneth and Robson, Mark and Levine, Douglas and Moysich, Kirsten B. and Cannioto, Rikki and Olson, Sara H. and Daly, Mary B. and Nathanson, Katherine L. and Domchek, Susan M. and Lu, Karen H. and Liang, Dong and Hildebrant, Michelle A. T. and Ness, Roberta and Modugno, Francesmary and Pearce, Leigh and Goodman, Marc T. and Thompson, Pamela J. and Brenner, Hermann and Butterbach, Katja and Meindl, Alfons and Hahnen, Eric and Wappenschmidt, Barbara and Brauch, Hiltrud and Brüning, Thomas and Blomqvist, Carl and Khan, Sofia and Nevanlinna, Heli and Pelttari, Liisa M. and Aittomäki, Kristiina and Butzow, Ralf and Bogdanova, Natalia V. and Dörk, Thilo and Lindblom, Annika and Margolin, Sara and Rantala, Johanna and Kosma, Veli-Matti and Mannermaa, Arto and Lambrechts, Diether and Neven, Patrick and Claes, Kathleen B. M. and Maerken, Tom Van and Chang-Claude, Jenny and Flesch-Janys, Dieter and Heitz, Florian and Varon-Mateeva, Raymonda and Peterlongo, Paolo and Radice, Paolo and Viel, Alessandra and Barile, Monica and Peissel, Bernard and Manoukian, Siranoush and Montagna, Marco and Oliani, Cristina and Peixoto, Ana and Teixeira, Manuel R. and Collavoli, Anita and Hallberg, Emily and Olson, Janet E. and Goode, Ellen L. and Hart, Steven N. and Shimelis, Hermela and Cunningham, Julie M. and Giles, Graham G. and Milne, Roger L. and Healey, Sue and Tucker, Kathy and Haiman, Christopher A. and Henderson, Brian E. and Goldberg, Mark S. and Tischkowitz, Marc and Simard, Jacques and Soucy, Penny and Eccles, Diana M. and Le, Nhu and Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise and Kristensen, Vessela and Salvesen, Helga B. and Bjorge, Line and Bandera, Elisa V. and Risch, Harvey and Zheng, Wei and Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia and Cai, Hui and Pylkäs, Katri and Tollenaar, Robert A. E. M. and Ouweland, Ans M. W. van der and Andrulis, Irene L. and Knight, Julia A. and {OCGN} and Narod, Steven and Devilee, Peter and Winqvist, Robert and Figueroa, Jonine and Greene, Mark H. and Mai, Phuong L. and Loud, Jennifer T. and García-Closas, Montserrat and Schoemaker, Minouk J. and Czene, Kamila and Darabi, Hatef and McNeish, Iain and Siddiquil, Nadeem and Glasspool, Rosalind and Kwong, Ava and Park, Sue K. and Teo, Soo Hwang and Yoon, Sook-Yee and Matsuo, Keitaro and Hosono, Satoyo and Woo, Yin Ling and Gao, Yu-Tang and Foretova, Lenka and Singer, Christian F. and Rappaport-Feurhauser, Christine and Friedman, Eitan and Laitman, Yael and Rennert, Gad and Imyanitov, Evgeny N. and Hulick, Peter J. and Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. and Senter, Leigha and Olah, Edith and Doherty, Jennifer A. and Schildkraut, Joellen and Koppert, Linetta B. and Kiemeney, Lambertus A. and Massuger, Leon F. A. G. and Cook, Linda S. and Pejovic, Tanja and Li, Jingmei and Borg, Ake and Öfverholm, Anna and Rossing, Mary Anne and Wentzensen, Nicolas and Henriksson, Karin and Cox, Angela and Cross, Simon S. and Pasini, Barbara J. and Shah, Mitul and Kabisch, Maria and Torres, Diana and Jakubowska, Anna and Lubinski, Jan and Gronwald, Jacek and Agnarsson, Bjarni A. and Kupryjanczyk, Jolanta and Moes-Sosnowska, Joanna and Fostira, Florentia and Konstantopoulou, Irene and Slager, Susan and Jones, Michael and {PRostate cancer AssoCiation group To Investigate Cancer Associated aLterations in the genome} and Antoniou, Antonis C. and Berchuck, Andrew and Swerdlow, Anthony and Chenevix-Trench, Georgia and Dunning, Alison M. and Pharoah, Paul D. P. and Hall, Per and Easton, Douglas F. and Couch, Fergus J. and Spurdle, Amanda B. and Goldgar, David E.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {26586665},
	pmcid = {PMC4907358},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, BRCA2 Protein, Breast Neoplasms, Codon, Terminator, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Heterozygote, Humans, Logistic Models, Lysine, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Odds Ratio, Ovarian Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors},
}

@article{delsart_prognostic_2016,
	title = {Prognostic {Significance} of {Sleep} {Apnea} {Syndrome} on {False} {Lumen} {Aortic} {Expansion} in {Post}-{Acute} {Aortic} {Syndrome}.},
	volume = {102},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2016 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1552-6259 0003-4975},
	doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.03.102},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a risk factor for resistant arterial hypertension and aortic dilatation. We assessed the value of systematic screening for OSAS in patients soon after the onset of acute aortic syndrome (AAS). METHODS: Between January 2010 and June 2014, patients were prospectively screened for post AAS OSAS. The severity of OSAS was defined by the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and the Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI). Blood pressure control was assessed with 24-h ambulatory monitoring. RESULTS: The study population comprised 71 patients (males: 64.7\%; median age [interquartile range]: 57 [49 to 64] years; type A AAS: 49.3\%; type B AAS: 50.7\%). According to the AHI, 58 patients (81.7\%) had OSAS and 31 (43.6\%) had severe OSAS. A prognostic analysis revealed that the descending thoracic false lumen dilatation rate rose significantly with the severity of OSAS (p = 0.0008 for the AHI and p = 0.0284 for the ODI). The median rate of increase was 7.5 (5 to 10) mm/year in the AHI greater than 30 events/h group and 5.0 (0 to 8) mm/year in the ODI greater than 30 events/h group. With regard to blood pressure control, the diastolic blood pressure varied as function of the ODI category (p = 0.0074). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that systematic screening for post-ASS OSAS is of value. The false lumen dilatation rate appears to be related to the severity of OSAS. It remains to be seen whether treatment of OSAS would modify the false lumen dilatation rate.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {The Annals of thoracic surgery},
	author = {Delsart, Pascal and Juthier, Francis and Clough, Rachel E. and Sobocinski, Jonathan and Azzaoui, Richard and Ramstein, Julien and Devos, Patrick and Rousse, Natacha and Jegou, Bruno and Fayad, Georges and Modine, Thomas and Mallart, Anne and Vincentelli, Andre and Mounier-Vehier, Claire and Haulon, Stephan},
	month = nov,
	year = {2016},
	pmid = {27262915},
	keywords = {Humans, Adult, Female, Aged, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Aneurysm, Dissecting/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/physiopathology/surgery, Aorta, Thoracic/*pathology, Aortic Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/physiopathology/surgery, Computed Tomography Angiography, Disease Progression, Hypertension/*complications, Mass Screening, Oxygen/blood, Prevalence, Recurrence, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/blood/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology, Stents, Syndrome},
	pages = {1558--1564}
}

@article{garbati_infections_2016,
	title = {Infections due to {Carbapenem} {Resistant} {Enterobacteriaceae} among {Saudi} {Arabian} {Hospitalized} {Patients}: {A} {Matched} {Case}-{Control} {Study}.},
	volume = {2016},
	issn = {2314-6141},
	abstract = {Background. We conducted this case-control study to determine the risk factors and treatment outcome of infections due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in our institution. Methods. This is a matched case-control study of patients with infection due to carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and carbapenem susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE), from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 2012 and December 2013. Results. During this period, 29 cases and 58 controls were studied. The mean ages of the cases (55.4 years) and controls (54.7 years) were similar (p = 0.065). Cases had higher mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) (3.1) than controls (1.9), p = 0.026. Several factors contributed to infection among the studied population. Prior uses of piperacillin-tazobactam, a carbapenem, a quinolone, and metronidazole were significantly associated with CRE infections. Nine of the cases died compared with 7 of the controls, p = 0.031. Mortality was associated with advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, ICU stay, and receipt of invasive procedures. Conclusions. Infections due to CRE resulted in a significantly increased mortality. Combination antibiotic therapy was associated with reduced mortality. Properly designed randomized controlled studies are required to better characterize these findings.},
	number = {101600173},
	journal = {BioMed research international},
	author = {Garbati, M A and Sakkijha, H and Abushaheen, A},
	year = {2016},
	note = {Garbati, M A. Section of Infectious Diseases, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Sakkijha, H. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Abushaheen, A. Scientific Research and Publication Center, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.},
	keywords = {*Carbapenems/tu [Therapeutic Use], *Cross Infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Cross Infection/mo [Mortality], *Drug Resistance, Bacterial, *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/dt [Drug Therapy], *Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mo [Mortality], Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Cross Infection/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae Infections/mi [Microbiology], Enterobacteriaceae/cl [Classification], Enterobacteriaceae/de [Drug Effects], Enterobacteriaceae/ip [Isolation \& Purification], Hospitalization/sn [Statistics \& Numerical Data], Humans, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia/ep [Epidemiology], adolescent, adult, aged, female, incidence, male, middle aged, survival rate, treatment outcome, young adult},
	pages = {3961684}
}

@article{friedrich_comparing_2015,
	title = {Comparing {Humoral} and {Cellular} {Immune} {Response} {Against} {HBV} {Vaccine} in {Kidney} {Transplant} {Patients}.},
	volume = {15},
	copyright = {(c) Copyright 2015 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.},
	issn = {1600-6143 1600-6135},
	doi = {10.1111/ajt.13380},
	abstract = {Host protection upon vaccination usually results from the complex interplay of humoral and cellular components of the immune system. Exploring hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific T cell responses and their correlation with humoral responses under immunosuppression, we analyzed 51 renal transplant recipients, differing in HBV vaccine-specific antibody titers (non [NRs]-, low [LRs]-, and high responders [HRs]) and in 22 healthy controls (HCs) in a cross-sectional study. HBsAg-specific T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry according to expression of activation markers CD40L and/or CD69, and the cytokines IFNgamma, IL-2, TNFalpha, and IL-17. No significant differences in responder rate and magnitude of HBsAg-specific T cell responses were found between HCs and HRs. Interestingly, HBsAg-specific Th-cells were also observed in 50\% of humoral NRs. Frequencies of HBsAg-specific CD40L+ Th-cells were significantly higher in HRs compared to LRs (p = 0.009) and in LRs in comparison  to NRs (p = 0.043). All but NRs showed a predominance of multi-potent HBsAg-specific TNFalpha+IL-2+ Th-cells. As expected, HBsAg-specific CD8(+) T cells were rarely found. In conclusion, mounting of hepatitis B vaccine-specific  T cell responses is possible in kidney transplant recipients despite immunosuppression. Detection of HBV-specific Th-cells in a significant proportion of humoral NRs contributes to the current discussion on conferring immune protection by cellular memory in such patients.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons},
	author = {Friedrich, P. and Sattler, A. and Muller, K. and Nienen, M. and Reinke, P. and Babel, N.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {26137874},
	keywords = {*Kidney Transplantation, B-Lymphocytes/immunology, Basic (laboratory) research/science, Case-Control Studies, Female, Flow Cytometry, Follow-Up Studies, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Graft Survival, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunology, Hepatitis B Vaccines/*therapeutic use, Hepatitis B virus/*immunology, Hepatitis B/*immunology, Humans, Immunity, Cellular/*immunology, Immunity, Humoral/*immunology, Kidney Failure, Chronic/*immunology/surgery, Kidney Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Risk Factors, T cell biology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology, Th1 Cells/immunology, flow cytometry, immunobiology, immunosuppressant, infection and infectious agents, kidney transplantation/nephrology, vaccine, viral: hepatitis B},
	pages = {3157--3165}
}

@article{
 title = {Structural quality indicators to support quality of care for older people with cognitive impairment in emergency departments},
 type = {article},
 year = {2015},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Caregivers,Cognition Disorders/therapy,Delirium/diagnosis,Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & adminis,Humans,Policy,Quality Indicators, Health Care,Quality of Health Care/organization & administrati,Risk Factors},
 pages = {273-284},
 volume = {22},
 month = {3},
 publisher = {by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine},
 city = {The Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.},
 id = {9f445fd4-ac2c-3a18-8265-37e3b791c3b0},
 created = {2016-08-21T22:18:55.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {217ced55-4c79-38dc-838b-4b5ea8df5597},
 group_id = {408d37d9-5f1b-3398-a9f5-5c1a487116d4},
 last_modified = {2017-03-14T09:54:45.334Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {JOUR},
 notes = {CI: (c) 2015; JID: 9418450; CIN: Acad Emerg Med. 2015 Mar;22(3):362-4. PMID: 25716708; 2014/05/18 [received]; 2014/08/25 [revised]; 2014/10/09 [revised]; 2014/10/15 [accepted]; ppublish},
 folder_uuids = {9f7543f9-a98f-45fc-84f1-3d497af5c9b1},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the structural quality of care domains and to establish a set of structural quality indicators (SQIs) for the assessment of care of older people with cognitive impairment in emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: A structured approach to SQI development was undertaken including: 1) a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed and gray literature focusing on identification of evidence-based interventions targeting structure of care of older patients with cognitive impairment and existing SQIs; 2) a consultative process engaging experts in the care of older people and epidemiologic methods (i.e., advisory panel) leading to development of a draft set of SQIs; 3) field testing of drafted SQIs in eight EDs, leading to refinement of the SQI set; and 4) an independent voting process among the panelists for SQI inclusion in a final set, using preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS: At the conclusion of the process, five SQIs targeting the management of older ED patients with cognitive impairment were developed: 1) the ED has a policy outlining the management of older people with cognitive impairment during the ED episode of care; 2) the ED has a policy outlining issues relevant to carers of older people with cognitive impairment, encompassing the need to include the (family) carer in the ED episode of care; 3) the ED has a policy outlining the assessment and management of behavioral symptoms, with specific reference to older people with cognitive impairment; 4) the ED has a policy outlining delirium prevention strategies, including the assessment of patients' delirium risk factors; and 5) the ED has a policy outlining pain assessment and management for older people with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: This article presents a set of SQIs for the evaluation of performance in caring for older people with cognitive impairment in EDs.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Schnitker, L M and Martin-Khan, M and Burkett, E and Brand, C A and Beattie, E R and Jones, R N and Gray, L C and Panel, Research Collaboration for Quality Care of Older Persons: Emergency Care},
 journal = {Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine},
 number = {3}
}

@article{tse_cruciferous_2014,
	title = {Cruciferous vegetables and risk of colorectal neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {1532-7914},
	shorttitle = {Cruciferous vegetables and risk of colorectal neoplasms},
	doi = {10.1080/01635581.2014.852686},
	abstract = {Evidence shows cruciferous vegetables exhibit chemoprotective properties, commonly attributed to their rich source of isothiocyanates. However, epidemiological data examining the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and colorectal neoplasms have been inconclusive. This meta-analysis examines the epidemiological evidence to characterize the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and risk of developing colorectal neoplasms. Thirty-three articles were included in the meta-analysis after a literature search of electronic databases. Subgroup analysis for individual cruciferae types (n = 8 studies) and GST polymorphism (n = 8 studies) were performed. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing highest and lowest categories of dietary pattern scores were calculated. Results show a statistically significant inverse association between cruciferous vegetable intake and colon cancer [OR = 0.84; 95\% confidence interval (CI): 0.72-0.98; P value heterogeneity {\textless} 0.001]. Broccoli in particular exhibited protective benefits against colorectal (CRC) neoplasms (OR = 0.80; 95\% CI: 0.65-0.99; P value heterogeneity = 0.02). Stratification by GST genotype reveals that the GSTT1 null genotype confers a reduction in CRC risk (OR = 0.78; 95\% CI: 0.64-0.95; P value heterogeneity = 0.32). This study provides support to the hypothesis that cruciferous vegetable intake protects against cancer of the colon. This study also demonstrates the significance of gene-diet interactions and the importance of assessing individual cruciferous vegetables.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Nutrition and Cancer},
	author = {Tse, Genevieve and Eslick, Guy D.},
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24341734},
	keywords = {Animals, Brassica, Brassicaceae, Colorectal Neoplasms, Disease Models, Animal, Feeding Behavior, Gene-Environment Interaction, Genotype, Glutathione Transferase, Humans, Observational Studies as Topic, Polymorphism, Genetic, Risk Factors, Vegetables},
	pages = {128--139},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{johnson_growing_2014,
	title = {Growing up after extremely preterm birth: {Lifespan} mental health outcomes},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1744165X},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290907},
	doi = {10.1016/j.siny.2013.11.004},
	abstract = {There is growing interest in the long-term mental health sequelae of extremely preterm birth. In this paper we review literature relating to mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Studies conducted in the preschool years, school age and adolescence, and adulthood show continuity in outcomes and point to an increased risk for inattention, socio-communicative problems and emotional difficulties in individuals born extremely preterm. Both behavioural and neuroimaging studies also provide evidence of a neurodevelopmental origin for mental health disorders in this population. Here we summarise contemporary evidence and highlight key methodological considerations for carrying out and interpreting studies in this field.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2015-03-11},
	journal = {Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine},
	author = {Johnson, Samantha and Marlow, Neil},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24290907},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders: diagnosis, Child, Preschool, Developmental Disabilities, Developmental Disabilities: diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Extremely Premature, Infant, Newborn, Mental Health, Risk Factors},
	pages = {97--104},
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{cassagnes_l_left_2014,
title = {Left Atrial Volume in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
volume = {29},
issn = {0883-5993},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24463406},
Language = {English},
Journal = {J. Thorac. Imaging},
author = {{Cassagnes L} and {Pontana F} and {Molinari F} and {Faivre JB} and {Santangelo T} and {Algeri E} and {Duhamel A} and {Remy J} and {Remy-Jardin M}},
year = {2014},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Function, Left, Cardiac Volume/physiology*, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology*, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking/epidemiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/epidemiology},
pages = {233-239}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{schachtner_inflammatory_2014,
	title = {Inflammatory activation and recovering {BKV}-specific immunity correlate with self-limited {BKV} replication after renal transplantation},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {09340874},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/tri.12251},
	doi = {10.1111/tri.12251},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2017-02-01TZ},
	journal = {Transplant International},
	author = {Schachtner, Thomas and Stein, Maik and Sefrin, Anett and Babel, Nina and Reinke, Petra},
	month = mar,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Viral/blood, Antigens, Viral, BK Virus/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology, BKV replication, Chemokine CXCL10/blood, ELISPOT, Female, Humans, IP-10, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood, Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis, Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects, Male, Middle Aged, Nephritis/etiology/immunology, Polyomavirus Infections/etiology/immunology, Prospective Studies, Renal transplantation, Risk Factors, T cells, T-Lymphocytes/immunology, Transplantation Immunology, Tumor Virus Infections/etiology/immunology, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood, Virus Activation/immunology, Virus Replication/immunology},
	pages = {290--301}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Birthweight and the risk of atopic diseases: the ISAAC Phase III study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2014},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {asthma,eczema,isaac,low birthweight,rhinoconjunctivitis,risk factors},
 pages = {264-270},
 volume = {25},
 id = {7256ddc4-fce3-33d5-9d19-cc5d2a9a7a17},
 created = {2017-12-18T01:47:09.310Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {6c9edcaf-81dc-3357-bb56-dee7616baa0c},
 group_id = {ac4e17e4-c387-3e1e-aa52-1ae5d129a0ef},
 last_modified = {2018-01-14T20:35:42.609Z},
 read = {true},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between birthweight and asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitisis conflicting. AIMS: To examine the association between birthweight and symptoms of asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis. METHODS: Parents or guardians of children aged 6–7 yr completed written questionnaires about symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, and several risk factors, including birthweight. RESULTS: There were 162,324 children from 60 centres in 26 countries. Low birthweight(<2.5 kg) was associated with an increased risk of symptoms of asthma (current wheeze odds ratio = 1.20; 95% confidence interval = 1.12–1.30). Low birthweight was associated with a lower risk of eczema ever. Low birthweight was not associated with rhinoconjunctivitis. Large babies (birthweight ≥4.5 kg) were not associated with any of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study has confirmed that low birthweight is a risk factor for symptoms of asthma, but not for rhinoconjunctivitis. The findings for eczema are equivocal.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Mitchell, Edwin A. and Clayton, Tadd and García-Marcos, Luis and Pearce, Neil and Foliaki, Sunia and Wong, Gary},
 journal = {Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology},
 number = {3}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{robert_g_complications_2014,
title = {Complications of breast reduction about 715 breasts},
volume = {59},
issn = {0294-1260},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24530087},
DOI = {10.1016/j.anplas.2014.01.003},
Language = {French},
Journal = {Ann. Chir. Plast. Esthet.},
author = {{Robert G} and {Duhamel A} and {Alet JM} and {Pelissier P} and {Pinsolle V}},
year = {2014},
keywords = {Adult, Body Mass Index, Breast/surgery, Female, Humans, Mammaplasty/adverse effects*, Mammaplasty/methods, Nipples/surgery, Obesity/complications, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Smoking/adverse effects*, Surgical Flaps*/adverse effects, Surgical Wound Dehiscence/etiology, Surgical Wound Infection/etiology, Treatment Outcome, Wound Healing},
pages = {97-102}
}

@article{ hebsur_influenza_2014,
  title = {Influenza and coronary artery disease: exploring a clinical association with myocardial infarction and analyzing the utility of vaccination in prevention of myocardial infarction},
  volume = {15},
  issn = {1530-6550},
  shorttitle = {Influenza and coronary artery disease},
  abstract = {Both coronary artery disease and influenza outbreaks contribute significantly to worldwide morbidity and mortality. An increasing number of epidemiologic studies have concluded that a temporal association exists between acute viral illnesses and myocardial infarction. Viral illnesses such as influenza can cause or exacerbate coronary atherosclerosis by activating inflammatory pathways. Data from a large case-controlled trial and two randomized controlled trials suggest that influenza vaccination in patients with coronary artery disease may lead to a decrease in incidence, morbidity, and mortality from acute myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis of the two randomized controlled trials for cardiovascular death demonstrated a pooled relative risk of 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.77) for patients who received the influenza vaccine compared with placebo.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine},
  author = {Hebsur, Shrinivas and Vakil, Erik and Oetgen, William J. and Kumar, Princy N. and Lazarous, Daisy F.},
  year = {2014},
  pmid = {25051134},
  keywords = {Humans, Inflammation, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Myocardial Infarction, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Vaccination},
  pages = {168--175}
}

@article{kozhimannil_maternal_2014,
	title = {Maternal clinical diagnoses and hospital variation in the risk of cesarean delivery: analyses of a {National} {US} {Hospital} {Discharge} {Database}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1549-1676},
	shorttitle = {Maternal clinical diagnoses and hospital variation in the risk of cesarean delivery},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1001745},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cesarean delivery is the most common inpatient surgery in the United States, where 1.3 million cesarean sections occur annually, and rates vary widely by hospital. Identifying sources of variation in cesarean use is crucial to improving the consistency and quality of obstetric care. We used hospital discharge records to examine the extent to which variability in the likelihood of cesarean section across US hospitals was attributable to individual women's clinical diagnoses.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: Using data from the 2009 and 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project--a 20\% sample of US hospitals--we analyzed data for 1,475,457 births in 1,373 hospitals. We fitted multilevel logistic regression models (patients nested in hospitals). The outcome was cesarean (versus vaginal) delivery. Covariates included diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy, hypertension in pregnancy, hemorrhage during pregnancy or placental complications, fetal distress, and fetal disproportion or obstructed labor; maternal age, race/ethnicity, and insurance status; and hospital size and location/teaching status. The cesarean section prevalence was 22.0\% (95\% confidence interval 22.0\% to 22.1\%) among women with no prior cesareans. In unadjusted models, the between-hospital variation in the individual risk of primary cesarean section was 0.14 (95\% credible interval 0.12 to 0.15). The difference in the probability of having a cesarean delivery between hospitals was 25 percentage points. Hospital variability did not decrease after adjusting for patient diagnoses, socio-demographics, and hospital characteristics (0.16 [95\% credible interval 0.14 to 0.18]). A limitation is that these data, while nationally representative, did not contain information on parity or gestational age.
CONCLUSIONS: Variability across hospitals in the individual risk of cesarean section is not decreased by accounting for differences in maternal diagnoses. These findings highlight the need for more comprehensive or linked data including parity and gestational age as well as examination of other factors-such as hospital policies, practices, and culture--in determining cesarean section use. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {10},
	journal = {PLoS medicine},
	author = {Kozhimannil, Katy B. and Arcaya, Mariana C. and Subramanian, S. V.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Cesarean Section, Databases, Factual, Delivery, Obstetric, Female, Hospitals, Humans, Obstetric Labor Complications, Pregnancy, Risk Factors},
	pages = {e1001745}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bourne_neuropsychological_2013,
	title = {Neuropsychological testing of cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder: an individual patient data meta-analysis.},
	volume = {128},
	issn = {1600-0447},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23617548},
	doi = {10.1111/acps.12133},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: An association between bipolar disorder and cognitive impairment has repeatedly been described, even for euthymic patients. Findings are inconsistent both across primary studies and previous meta-analyses. This study reanalysed 31 primary data sets as a single large sample (N = 2876) to provide a more definitive view.

METHOD: Individual patient and control data were obtained from original authors for 11 measures from four common neuropsychological tests: California or Rey Verbal Learning Task (VLT), Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span and/or Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.

RESULTS: Impairments were found for all 11 test-measures in the bipolar group after controlling for age, IQ and gender (Ps ≤ 0.001, E.S. = 0.26-0.63). Residual mood symptoms confound this result but cannot account for the effect sizes found. Impairments also seem unrelated to drug treatment. Some test-measures were weakly correlated with illness severity measures suggesting that some impairments may track illness progression.

CONCLUSION: This reanalysis supports VLT, Digit Span and TMT as robust measures of cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder patients. The heterogeneity of some test results explains previous differences in meta-analyses. Better controlling for confounds suggests deficits may be smaller than previously reported but should be tracked longitudinally across illness progression and treatment.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2015-05-01},
	journal = {Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica},
	author = {Bourne, C and Aydemir, Ö and Balanzá-Martínez, V and Bora, E and Brissos, S and Cavanagh, J T O and Clark, L and Cubukcuoglu, Z and Dias, V V and Dittmann, S and Ferrier, I N and Fleck, D E and Frangou, S and Gallagher, P and Jones, L and Kieseppä, T and Martínez-Aran, A and Melle, I and Moore, P B and Mur, M and Pfennig, A and Raust, A and Senturk, V and Simonsen, C and Smith, D J and Bio, D S and Soeiro-de-Souza, M G and Stoddart, S D R and Sundet, K and Szöke, A and Thompson, J M and Torrent, C and Zalla, T and Craddock, N and Andreassen, O A and Leboyer, M and Vieta, E and Bauer, M and Worhunsky, P D and Tzagarakis, C and Rogers, R D and Geddes, J R and Goodwin, G M},
	month = sep,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23617548},
	keywords = {Adult, Affect, Affective Symptoms, Affective Symptoms: psychology, Age of Onset, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: complications, Bipolar Disorder: diagnosis, Bipolar Disorder: drug therapy, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders, Cognition Disorders: diagnosis, Cognition Disorders: drug therapy, Cognition Disorders: epidemiology, Cognition Disorders: etiology, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Female, Humans, Male, Mental Competency, Mental Processes, Mental Processes: drug effects, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotropic Drugs, Psychotropic Drugs: administration \& dosage, Psychotropic Drugs: adverse effects, Risk Factors},
	pages = {149--62},
}

@article{thompson_epidemiological_2013,
	title = {Epidemiological features and risk factors of {Salmonella} gastroenteritis in children resident in {Ho} {Chi} {Minh} {City}, {Vietnam}.},
	volume = {141},
	issn = {1469-4409 0950-2688},
	doi = {10.1017/S0950268812002014},
	abstract = {Non-typhoidal Salmonella are an important but poorly characterized cause of paediatric diarrhoea in developing countries. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in children aged {\textless}5 years in Ho Chi Minh City to define the epidemiology and examine risk factors associated with Salmonella diarrhoeal infections. From 1419 diarrhoea cases and 571 controls enrolled between 2009 and  2010, 77 (54\%) diarrhoea cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Salmonella patients were more likely to be younger than controls (median age 10 and 12 months, respectively) [odds ratio (OR) 097; 95\% confidence  interval (CI) 094-099], to report a recent diarrhoeal contact (81\% cases, 18\% controls; OR 598, 95\% CI 18-204) and to live in a household with {\textgreater}2 children (cases 208\%, controls 102\%; OR 232, 95\% CI 12-47). Our findings indicate that Salmonella are an important cause of paediatric gastroenteritis in this setting and we suggest that transmission may occur through direct human contact in the home.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
	author = {Thompson, C. N. and Phan, V. T. M. and Le, T. P. T. and Pham, T. N. T. and Hoang, L. P. and Ha, V. and Nguyen, V. M. H. and Pham, V. M. and Nguyen, T. V. and Cao, T. T. and Tran, T. T. N. and Nguyen, T. T. H. and Dao, M. T. and Campbell, J. I. and Nguyen, T. C. and Tang, C. T. and Ha, M. T. and Farrar, J. and Baker, S.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23010148},
	pmcid = {PMC3733064},
	keywords = {*Developing Countries, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Diarrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology, Feces/microbiology, Female, Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology/microbiology, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/transmission, Salmonella/*isolation \& purification, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vietnam/epidemiology},
	pages = {1604--1613},
}

@article{jameson_impact_2013,
	title = {Impact of lipid-lowering therapy on the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in patients at high-risk of cardiovascular events in {UK} primary care - a retrospective database study},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {1742-1241},
	doi = {10.1111/ijcp.12238},
	abstract = {AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidaemias in high-risk patients new to lipid-modifying therapy (LMT), and establish the extent to which these lipid abnormalities are addressed by treatment in UK clinical practice.
METHODS: The PRIMULA study was a retrospective analysis, conducted using the UK General Practice Research Database. Two periods were studied as follows: a pretreatment period, defined as the 12 months before initiation of LMT (the index date), and a follow-up period of at least 12 months. Patients included in the study (n = 25,011) had dyslipidaemia with at least one abnormal lipid measurement [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TG)] in the pretreatment period. All patients were at high risk of cardiovascular events, which was defined as having a history of cardiovascular disease, a 10-year Framingham risk score higher than 20\%, diabetes or hypertension, as defined by the Joint British Societies 2 guidelines.
RESULTS: At the index date, 98\% of patients were initiated on statin monotherapy. After 12 months of treatment, 15.2\% (sub-group range: 11.0-22.9\%) of all high-risk patients had no lipid abnormalities. The proportions of patients with high TC or LDL-C levels decreased from 98.8\% to 68.9\%, and from 99.2\% to 68.7\%, respectively, over 12 months. The prevalence of high TG levels decreased from 45.0\% to 26.9\%, whereas that of low HDL-C levels increased, from 16.6\% to 18.0\%. Risk factors for cardiovascular events were not consistently associated with the likelihood of attaining optimal lipid levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread use of statins, many individuals at high risk of cardiovascular events have persistently abnormal lipid levels, with over two-thirds of patients not achieving target levels of LDL-C or TC. Management of dyslipidaemia is therefore suboptimal in this important high-risk group in UK standard practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {International Journal of Clinical Practice},
	author = {Jameson, K. and Amber, V. and D'Oca, K. and Mills, D. and Giles, A. and Ambegaonkar, B.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23944233},
	pmcid = {PMC4232237},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dyslipidemias, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hypolipidemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1228--1237}
}

@article{fuchs_icu_2012,
	title = {{ICU} admission characteristics and mortality rates among elderly and very elderly patients},
	volume = {38},
	issn = {1432-1238},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-012-2629-6},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: The effect of advanced age per se versus severity of chronic and acute diseases on the short- and long-term survival of older patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear.
METHODS: Intensive care unit admissions to the surgical ICU and medical ICU of patients older than 65 years were analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups: 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and above. The primary endpoints were 28-day and 1-year mortality.
RESULTS: The analysis focused on 7,265 patients above the age of 65, representing 45.7 \% of the total ICU population. From the first to third age group there was increased prevalence of heart failure (25.9-40.3 \%), cardiac arrhythmia (24.6-43.5 \%), and valvular heart disease (7.5-15.8 \%). There was reduced prevalence of diabetes complications (7.5-2.4 \%), alcohol abuse (4.1-0.6 \%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (24.4-17.4 \%), and liver failure (5.0-1.0 \%). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, sequential organ failure assessment, do not resuscitate, and Elixhauser score found that patients from the second and third age group had odds ratios of 1.38 [95 \% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.59] and 1.53 (95 \% CI 1.29-1.81) for 28-day mortality as compared with the first age group. Cox regression analysis for 1-year mortality in all populations and in 28-day survivors showed the same trend.
CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of elderly patients from the total ICU population is high. With advancing age, the proportion of various preexisting comorbidities and the primary reason for ICU admission change. Advanced age should be regarded as a significant independent risk factor for mortality, especially for ICU patients older than 75.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Fuchs, Lior and Chronaki, Catherine E. and Park, Shinhyuk and Novack, Victor and Baumfeld, Yael and Scott, Daniel and McLennan, Stuart and Talmor, Daniel and Celi, Leo},
	month = oct,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22797350},
	pmcid = {PMC5718912},
	keywords = {Acute Disease, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Critical Care, Demography, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Patient Admission, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis},
	pages = {1654--1661}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{nosarti_preterm_2012,
	title = {Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life.},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {1538-3636},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22660967},
	doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1374},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and delivery-related hypoxia have been associated with schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these associations pertain to other adult-onset psychiatric disorders and whether these perinatal events are independent.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among gestational age, nonoptimal fetal growth, Apgar score, and various psychiatric disorders in young adult life.

DESIGN: Historical population-based cohort study.

SETTING: Identification of adult-onset psychiatric admissions using data from the National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden.

PARTICIPANTS: All live-born individuals registered in the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1973 and 1985 and living in Sweden at age 16 years by December 2002 (n=1 301 522).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric hospitalization with nonaffective psychosis, bipolar affective disorder, depressive disorder, eating disorder, drug dependency, or alcohol dependency, diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases codes for 8 through 10. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95\% CIs.

RESULTS: Preterm birth was significantly associated with increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization in adulthood (defined as ≥16 years of age) in a monotonic manner across a range of psychiatric disorders. Compared with term births (37-41 weeks), those born at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation were 1.6 (95\% CI, 1.1-2.3) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 1.3 (95\% CI, 1.1-1.7) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 2.7 (95\% CI, 1.6-4.5) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder. Those born at less than 32 weeks' gestation were 2.5 (95\% CI, 1.0-6.0) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 2.9 (95\% CI, 1.8-4.6) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 7.4 (95\% CI, 2.7-20.6) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: The vulnerability for hospitalization with a range of psychiatric diagnoses may increase with younger gestational age. Similar associations were not observed for nonoptimal fetal growth and low Apgar score.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2015-05-26},
	journal = {Archives of general psychiatry},
	author = {Nosarti, Chiara and Reichenberg, Abraham and Murray, Robin M and Cnattingius, Sven and Lambe, Mats P and Yin, Li and MacCabe, James and Rifkin, Larry and Hultman, Christina M},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22660967},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Alcoholism, Alcoholism: epidemiology, Alcoholism: etiology, Apgar Score, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Bipolar Disorder: etiology, Cohort Studies, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder: epidemiology, Depressive Disorder: etiology, Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders: epidemiology, Eating Disorders: etiology, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Fetal Growth Retardation: epidemiology, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Hospitalization: statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders: epidemiology, Mental Disorders: etiology, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Premature Birth: epidemiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Psychotic Disorders, Psychotic Disorders: epidemiology, Psychotic Disorders: etiology, Registries, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia: epidemiology, Schizophrenia: etiology, Substance-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders: epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders: etiology, Sweden, Sweden: epidemiology, Young Adult},
	pages = {E1--8},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{hayashi_knee_2012,
	title = {Knee malalignment is associated with an increased risk for incident and enlarging bone marrow lesions in the more loaded compartments: {The} {MOST} study.},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1522-9653},
	shorttitle = {Knee malalignment is associated with an increased risk for incident and enlarging bone marrow lesions in the more loaded compartments},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.joca.2012.07.020},
	doi = {10.1016/j.joca.2012.07.020},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of knee malalignment with occurrence of incident and enlarging bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and regression of BMLs.
METHODS: Subjects from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study aged 50-79 years with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis were studied. Full-limb radiographs were taken at baseline and hip-knee-ankle mechanical axis was measured. Baseline and 30-month magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of knees (n = 1782) were semiquantitatively assessed for BMLs. Outcome was defined as a change in BML score in femoral/tibial condyle in medial/lateral compartments. Medial compartment in varus alignment and lateral compartment in valgus alignment were combined to form 'more loaded' compartment, while lateral compartment in valgus and medial compartment in varus were combined to form 'less loaded' compartment. Relative risk (RR) of BML score increase or decrease in relation to malalignment was estimated using a log linear regression model with the Poisson assumption, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, physical activity scale for the elderly, race and clinic site. Further, results were stratified by ipsilateral meniscal and cartilage status at baseline.
RESULTS: Baseline varus alignment was associated with higher risk of BML score increase from baseline to follow-up in the medial compartment [adjusted RRs (95\%CI): 1.5 (1.2-1.9)] and valgus alignment in the lateral compartment [1.4 (1.0-2.1)]. Increase in BML score was more likely in the more loaded compartments [1.7 (1.4-2.0)] in malaligned knees. Regardless of ipsilateral cartilage or meniscus status, adjusted RR for BML score increase was higher in the more loaded compartments of malaligned knees than those with neutral alignment. Decrease in BML score was less likely in the more loaded compartments in malaligned knees [0.8 (0.7-1.0)].
CONCLUSION: Knee malalignment is associated with increased risk of incident and enlarging BMLs in the more loaded compartments of the tibiofemoral joint.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Osteoarthritis and cartilage / OARS, Osteoarthritis Research Society},
	author = {Hayashi, D. and Englund, M. and Roemer, F. W. and Niu, J. and Sharma, L. and Felson, D. T. and Crema, M. D. and Marra, M. D. and Segal, N. A. and Lewis, C. E. and Nevitt, M. C. and Guermazi, A.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22874524},
	pmcid = {PMC3448813},
	keywords = {Aged, Bone Malalignment, Bone Marrow, Bone Marrow Diseases, Cartilage, Articular, Coxa Valga, Coxa Vara, Female, Humans, Knee Joint, Magnetic resonance imaging, Male, Menisci, Tibial, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1227--1233},
}

@article{soliman_prolongation_2012,
	title = {Prolongation of {QTc} and risk of stroke: {The} {REGARDS} ({REasons} for {Geographic} and {Racial} {Differences} in {Stroke}) study},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {1558-3597},
	shorttitle = {Prolongation of {QTc} and risk of stroke},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2012.01.025},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between prolongation of QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) with incident stroke.
BACKGROUND: Unlike cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, little is known about the relationship between QTc and risk of stroke.
METHODS: A total of 27,411 participants age 45 years and older without previous stroke from the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study were included in this analysis. QTc was calculated using Framingham formula (QTc(Fram)). Stroke cases were identified and adjudicated during up to 8.2 years of follow-up (median, 5.1 years).
RESULTS: The risk of incident stroke in study participants with prolonged QTc(Fram) was almost 3 times the risk in those with normal QTc(Fram) (hazard ratio [HR] [95\% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.88 [2.12 to 3.92], p {\textless} 0.0001). After adjustment for demographics (age, race, and sex), traditional stroke risk factors (antihypertensive medication use, systolic blood pressure, current smoking, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, and previous cardiovascular disease), warfarin use, aspirin use, QRS duration and use of QTc-prolonging drugs, the risk of stroke remained significantly high (HR [95\% CI]: 1.67 [1.16 to 2.41], p = 0.0061) and was consistent across several subgroups of REGARDS study participants. Similar results were obtained when the risk of stroke was estimated per 1-SD increase in QTc(Fram), (HR [95\% CI]: 1.12 [1.03 to 1.21], p = 0.0053 in multivariable-adjusted model) and when other QTc correction formulas including those of Hodge, Bazett, and Fridericia were used.
CONCLUSIONS: QTc prolongation is associated with a significantly increased risk of incident stroke independent of traditional stroke risk factors. Examining the risk of stroke associated with QTc-prolonging drugs may be warranted.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {16},
	journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
	author = {Soliman, Elsayed Z and Howard, George and Cushman, Mary and Kissela, Brett and Kleindorfer, Dawn and Le, Anh and Judd, Suzanne and McClure, Leslie A and Howard, Virginia J},
	month = apr,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22497826},
	keywords = {Aged, Continental Population Groups, Electrocardiography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Rate, Humans, Incidence, Long QT Syndrome, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Stroke, Survival Rate, United States},
	pages = {1460--1467}
}

@article{
 title = {HIV incidence among non-pregnant women living in selected rural, semi-rural and Urban areas in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Cohabitation,HIV,Risk factors,South Africa,Women},
 volume = {16},
 id = {d1a105a8-f01a-3593-aa31-d6628fd9becf},
 created = {2017-06-15T06:51:47.862Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {50108e87-e75f-368e-a433-7bcb13a99fb7},
 last_modified = {2017-06-15T07:24:45.908Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {The province of KwaZulu-Natal has the highest prevalence of HIV in South Africa, particularly among young women. In order to more closely examine the HIV prevalence and incidence in non-pregnant women from rural, semi-rural and urban areas, data from 5,753 women screened for enrolment into three HIV prevention studies were combined and analysed. The prevalence of HIV infection was 43% at screening. HIV incidence among the 2,523 enrolled HIV-negative women was determined every quarter, and sexual behaviour and socio-demographic data were collected as per respective protocols. During followup, 211 women seroconverted (6.6/100 women years). Multivariate analysis found that seroconversion rates were highest among women who were ≤24 years old, single and not cohabiting, and who had incident sexually transmitted infections. The epidemic in KwaZulu-Natal calls for targeted HIV prevention interventions among those at highest risk of acquiring or transmitting infection. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ramjee, G. and Wand, H. and Whitaker, C. and McCormack, S. and Padian, N. and Kelly, C. and Nunn, A.},
 journal = {AIDS and Behavior},
 number = {7}
}

@article{simkiss_health_2012,
	title = {Health service use in families where children enter public care: a nested case control study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1472-6963},
	shorttitle = {Health service use in families where children enter public care},
	doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-12-65},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: At least 3\% of children spend some of their childhood in public care and, as a group, have poor outcomes across a range of education, employment, health and social care outcomes. Research, using social care or government datasets, has identified a number of risk factors associated with children entering public care but the utility of risk factors in clinical practice is not established. This paper uses routine primary health care data to see if risk factors for children entering public care can be identified in clinical practice.
METHODS: A nested case control methodology using routine primary care data from the United Kingdom. Health service use data were extracted for the 12 months before the case child entered public care and compared with 12 months of data for four control mother child pairs per case pair, matched on the age and sex of the child and the general practice. Exposures of interest were developed from a systematic review of the literature on risk factors associated with children entering public care.
RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the combined effect of more than one exposure of interest. Maternal mental illness (OR 2.51, 95\% CI 1.55-4.05), maternal age at birth of the child, socio-economic status (5(th) quintile vs. 1(st) quintile OR 7.14, 95\% CI 2.92-17.4), maternal drug use (OR 28.8, 95\% CI 2.29-363), non attendance at appointments (OR 2.42, 95\% CI 1.42-4.14), child mental illness (OR 2.65, 95\% CI 1.42-4.96) and child admission to hospital (OR 3.31, 95\% CI 1.21-9.02) were all significantly associated with children entering public care. Maternal use of primary care contraception services was negatively associated with children entering public care (OR 0.52, 95\% CI 0.31-0.87).
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health service use can be identified from routine primary care data in mother child pairs where children enter public care after controlling for maternal age and socio-economic status. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in a cumulative risk model using longitudinal datasets.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMC health services research},
	author = {Simkiss, Douglas E. and Spencer, Nicholas J. and Stallard, Nigel and Thorogood, Margaret},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22424404},
	pmcid = {PMC3361673},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Family Health, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Health Services Research, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Maternal Age, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Mothers, Primary Health Care, Public Sector, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Class, Young Adult},
	pages = {65}
}

@article{vinogradova_exposure_2011,
	title = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer: nested case-control studies},
	volume = {105},
	issn = {1532-1827},
	shorttitle = {Exposure to cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and risk of cancer},
	doi = {10.1038/bjc.2011.252},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitors are widely used as analgesics and it is unclear whether its long-term use affects cancer risk.
METHODS: A series of nested case-control studies using the QResearch primary care database. Associations of COX2 inhibitor use with risk of all cancers and 10 common site-specific cancers were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and statins.
RESULTS: A total of 88,125 cancers, diagnosed between 1998 and 2008, matched with up to five controls, were analysed. Use of COX2 inhibitors for more than a year was associated with a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.42) and haematological malignancies (OR 1.38, 95\% CI 1.12-1.69) and a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 0.76, 95\% CI 0.63-0.92). There were no other significant associations.
CONCLUSION: Prolonged use of COX2 inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of breast and haematological cancers and decreased risk of colorectal cancer. These findings need to be confirmed using other data sources.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Cancer},
	author = {Vinogradova, Y. and Coupland, C. and Hippisley-Cox, J.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21750557},
	pmcid = {PMC3172909},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Hematologic Neoplasms, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Risk Factors},
	pages = {452--459}
}

@article{ravangard_comparison_2011,
	title = {Comparison of the results of {Cox} proportional hazards model and parametric models in the study of length of stay in a tertiary teaching hospital in {Tehran}, {Iran}},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1735-9694},
	abstract = {Survival analysis is a set of methods used for analysis of the data which exist until the occurrence of an event. This study aimed to compare the results of the use of the semi-parametric Cox model with parametric models to determine the factors influencing the length of stay of patients in the inpatient units of Women Hospital in Tehran, Iran. In this historical cohort study all 3421 charts of the patients admitted to Obstetrics, Surgery and Oncology units in 2008 were reviewed and the required patient data such as medical insurance coverage types, admission months, days and times, inpatient units, final diagnoses, the number of diagnostic tests, admission types were collected. The patient length of stay in hospital 'leading to recovery' was considered as a survival variable. To compare the semi-parametric Cox model and parametric (including exponential, Weibull, Gompertz, log-normal, log-logistic and gamma) models and find the best model fitted to studied data, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and Cox-Snell residual were used. P{\textless}0.05 was considered as statistically significant. AIC and Cox-Snell residual graph showed that the gamma model had the lowest AIC (4288.598) and the closest graph to the bisector. The results of the gamma model showed that factors affecting the patient length of stay were admission day, inpatient unit, related physician specialty, emergent admission, final diagnosis and the number of laboratory tests, radiographies and sonographies (P{\textless}0.05). The results showed that the gamma model provided a better fit to the studied data than the Cox proportional hazards model. Therefore, it is better for researchers of healthcare field to consider this model in their researches about the patient length of stay (LOS) if the assumption of proportional hazards is not fulfilled.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Acta medica Iranica},
	author = {Ravangard, Ramin and Arab, Mohamad and Rashidian, Arash and Akbarisari, Ali and Zare, Ali and Zeraati, Hojjat},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22071639},
	keywords = {Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Health Services Research, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Iran, Length of Stay, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Survival Rate, Time Factors, Women's Health Services},
	pages = {650--658}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{franklin_natural_2011,
	title = {Natural history of radiographic hip osteoarthritis: {A} retrospective cohort study  with 11-28 years of followup.},
	volume = {63},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2011 by the American College of Rheumatology.},
	issn = {2151-4658 2151-464X},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Facr.20412},
	doi = {10.1002/acr.20412},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA) and future total hip replacement (THR) due to OA or hip fracture. METHODS: We studied a cohort of individuals who had colon radiography from 1980-1997. Minimal joint space (MJS) was measured and each hip was graded for radiographic OA according to the Kellgren/Lawrence scale. Subjects were followed until the end of 2008. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age and sex, was used to  evaluate factors associated with THR and hip fracture. RESULTS: A total of 2,953  hips were studied (57\% women). The cumulative incidence of THR was 2.5\% and the cumulative incidence of hip fracture was 2.6\%. For hips with radiographic hip OA  (MJS of 2.5 mm or less), the cumulative incidence of THR was 16.9\% and the hazard ratio (HR) for THR was 13.2 (95\% confidence interval [95\% CI] 8.1-21). Using Kellgren/Lawrence grading, the HR for THR was 12.9 (95\% CI 7.9-21) for hips with  radiographic OA compared to those without. The HR for all types of hip fracture for hips with radiographic OA (MJS of 2.5 mm or less) was 0.47 (95\% CI 0.15-1.5), for intracapsular fractures was 0.29 (95\% CI 0.04-2.1), and for extracapsular fractures was 0.67 (95\% CI 0.16-2.8). CONCLUSION: The risk of THR due to OA is substantially increased in patients with radiographic hip OA, regardless of symptoms, and increases with decreasing MJS. However, 11-28 years after having had radiographic hip OA, more than 4 of 5 of those having radiographic signs of hip OA had not had a THR for OA.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Arthritis care \& research},
	author = {Franklin, Jonas and Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur and Englund, Martin and Ingimarsson, Olafur and Robertsson, Otto and Lohmander, L. Stefan},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21557524},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Disease Progression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hip Fractures/etiology/radiography/surgery, Hip Joint/*radiography, Humans, Iceland, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Hip/complications/*radiography/surgery, Predictive Value of Tests, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors},
	pages = {689--695},
}

@article{gallagher_risks_2011,
	title = {Risks of stroke and mortality associated with suboptimal anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients},
	volume = {106},
	issn = {0340-6245},
	doi = {10.1160/TH11-05-0353},
	abstract = {Atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of ischaemic stroke, and oral anticoagulation with warfarin can reduce this risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between time in therapeutic International Normalised Ratio (INR) range when receiving warfarin and the risk of stroke and mortality. The study cohort included AF patients aged 40 years and older included in the UK General Practice Research Database. For patients treated with warfarin we computed the percentage of follow-up time spent within therapeutic range. Cox regression was used to assess the association between INR and outcomes while controlling for patient demographics, health status and concomitant medication. The study population included 27,458 warfarin-treated (with at least 3 INR measurements) and 10,449 patients not treated with antithrombotic therapy. Overall the warfarin users spent 63\% of their time within therapeutic range (TTR). This percentage did not vary substantially by age, sex and CHA2DS2-VASc score. Patients who spent at least 70\% of time within therapeutic range had a 79\% reduced risk of stroke compared to patients with ≤30\% of time in range (adjusted relative rate of 0.21; 95\% confidence interval 0.18-0.25). Mortality rates were also significantly lower with at least 70\% of time spent within therapeutic range. In conclusion, good anticoagulation control was associated with a reduction in the risk of stroke.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Thrombosis and Haemostasis},
	author = {Gallagher, A. M. and Setakis, E. and Plumb, J. M. and Clemens, A. and van Staa, T.-P.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21901239},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Coagulation, Drug Monitoring, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Humans, International Normalized Ratio, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Warfarin, databases as topic, stroke},
	pages = {968--977}
}

@article{miller_long-term_2011,
	title = {Long-term use of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1178-2005},
	doi = {10.2147/COPD.S14247},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Some large population-based studies have reported a dose-related increased risk of cataracts and glaucoma associated with use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the association between use of ICS-containing products, specifically fluticasone propionate/salmeterol fixed-dose combination (FSC), and incidence of cataracts and glaucoma among patients with COPD in a large electronic medical record database in the United Kingdom.
METHODS: We identified a cohort of patients aged 45 years and over with COPD in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) between 2003 and 2006. Cases of incident cataracts or glaucoma were defined based on diagnosis and procedure codes and matched to controls from the risk set to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI). The association with FSC or ICS exposure was modeled using conditional logistic regression. Medication exposure was assessed with respect to recency, duration, and number of prescriptions prior to the index date. Average daily dose was defined as none, low (1-250 mcg), medium (251-500 mcg), high (501-1000 mcg), or very high (1001+ mcg) using fluticasone propionate (FP) equivalents.
RESULTS: We identified 2941 incident cataract cases and 327 incident glaucoma cases in the COPD cohort (n = 53,191). FSC or ICS prescriptions were not associated with risk of incident cataracts or glaucoma for any exposure category, after adjusting for confounders. We observed a lack of a dose response in all analyses, where low dose was the reference group. The odds of cataracts associated with FSC dose were medium OR: 1.1 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.4); high OR: 1.2 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.5); and very high OR: 1.2 (95\% CI: 0.9-1.7). The odds of glaucoma associated with FSC dose: medium OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.5-2.1); high OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.5-2.0); and very high OR: 1.0 (95\% CI: 0.4-2.8).
CONCLUSIONS: FSC or other ICS exposure was not associated with an increased odds of cataracts or glaucoma, nor was a dose-response relationship observed in this population-based nested case-control study of COPD patients in the United Kingdom.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease},
	author = {Miller, David P. and Watkins, Stephanie E. and Sampson, Tim and Davis, Kourtney J.},
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22003292},
	pmcid = {PMC3186745},
	keywords = {Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Albuterol, Androstadienes, Bronchodilator Agents, Case-Control Studies, Cataract, Databases, Factual, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Combinations, Female, General Practice, Glaucoma, Great Britain, Humans, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Risk, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, cataracts, fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, incidence, inhaled corticosteroids},
	pages = {467--476}
}

@article{laumet_study_2010,
	title = {A study of the association between the {ADAM12} and {SH3PXD2A} ({SH3MD1}) genes and {Alzheimer}'s disease},
	volume = {468},
	issn = {1872-7972},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.040},
	abstract = {Several observations suggest that neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be partly attributed to beta-amyloid (Abeta) and senile plaques. Recent work has suggested that the FISH (five SH3 domains) adapter protein and ADAM12 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) may mediate the neurotoxic effect of Abeta. Both genes are located on chromosome 10, within a region linked to AD (for SH3PXD2A) or nearby (for ADAM12). A recent study reported a statistically significant interaction between 2 variants of these genes (rs3740473 for SH3PXD2A and rs11244787 for ADAM12) with respect to the risk of developing AD. With a view to replicating this observation, we genotyped the two SNPs in four European case-control cohorts of Caucasian origin (1913 cases and 1468 controls) but were unable to confirm the initial results.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Neuroscience Letters},
	author = {Laumet, Geoffroy and Petitprez, Vincent and Sillaire, Adeline and Ayral, Anne-Marie and Hansmannel, Franck and Chapuis, Julien and Hannequin, Didier and Pasquier, Florence and Scarpini, Elio and Galimberti, Daniela and Lendon, Corinne and Campion, Dominique and Amouyel, Philippe and Lambert, Jean-Charles},
	month = jan,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {19837132},
	keywords = {Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Female, Male, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, European Continental Ancestry Group, Membrane Proteins, ADAM Proteins, ADAM12 Protein, Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport},
	pages = {1--2}
}

@article{bessell_estimating_2010,
	title = {Estimating risk factors for farm-level transmission of disease: foot and mouth disease during the 2001 epidemic in {Great} {Britain}.},
	volume = {2},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {1878-0067 1878-0067},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epidem.2010.06.002},
	abstract = {Controlling an epidemic would be aided by establishing whether particular individuals in infected populations are more likely to transmit infection. However, few analyses have characterised such individuals. Such analyses require  both data on who infected whom and on the likely determinants of transmission; data that are available at the farm level for the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease epidemic in Great Britain. Using these data a putative number of daughter infected premises (IPs) resulting from each IP was calculated where these daughters were within 3km of the IP. A set of possible epidemiological, demographic, spatial and temporal risk factors were analysed, with the final multivariate generalised linear model (Poisson error term) having 6 statistically significant (p{\textless}0.05) main effects including geographic area, local cattle and sheep densities, and the number of non-IP culls. This model demonstrates that farms are heterogeneous in their propensity to transmit infection to other farms  and, importantly, that it may be possible to identify holdings that are at high risk of spreading disease a priori. Such information could be used to help prioritise the response to an epidemic.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Epidemics},
	author = {Bessell, Paul R. and Shaw, Darren J. and Savill, Nicholas J. and Woolhouse, Mark E. J.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {21352781},
	keywords = {Animal Husbandry, Animals, Cattle, Epidemics/prevention \& control/statistics \& numerical data/*veterinary, Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/physiology, Foot-and-Mouth Disease/epidemiology/*transmission, Models, Biological, Multivariate Analysis, Poisson Distribution, Risk Factors, Sheep, United Kingdom/epidemiology},
	pages = {109--115}
}

@article{hansmannel_is_2010,
	title = {Is the urea cycle involved in {Alzheimer}'s disease?},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1875-8908},
	doi = {10.3233/JAD-2010-100630},
	abstract = {Since previous observations indicated that the urea cycle may have a role in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process, we set out to quantify the expression of each gene involved in the urea cycle in control and AD brains and establish whether these genes could be genetic determinants of AD. We first confirmed that all the urea cycle enzyme genes are expressed in the AD brain. The expression of arginase 2 was greater in the AD brain than in the control brain. The presence of the rare arginase 2 allele rs742869 was associated with an increase in the risk of AD in men and with an earlier age-at-onset for both genders. None of the other genes in the pathway appeared to be differentially expressed in the AD brain or act as genetic determinants of the disease.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD},
	author = {Hansmannel, Franck and Sillaire, Adeline and Kamboh, M. Ilyas and Lendon, Corinne and Pasquier, Florence and Hannequin, Didier and Laumet, Geoffroy and Mounier, Anais and Ayral, Anne-Marie and DeKosky, Steven T. and Hauw, Jean-Jacques and Berr, Claudine and Mann, David and Amouyel, Philippe and Campion, Dominique and Lambert, Jean-Charles},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20693631},
	pmcid = {PMC2945690},
	keywords = {Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Brain, Aged, 80 and over, Chi-Square Distribution, Risk Factors, Alleles, Genotype, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Association Studies, Arginase, Urea},
	pages = {1013--1021}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{johnson_psychiatric_2010,
	title = {Psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children: longitudinal finding at age 11 years in the {EPICure} study.},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1527-5418},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431465},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.002},
	abstract = {To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-05-01},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
	author = {Johnson, Samantha and Hollis, Chris and Kochhar, Puja and Hennessy, Enid and Wolke, Dieter and Marlow, Neil},
	month = may,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20431465},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: epi, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: eti, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders: diagnosis, Child Behavior Disorders: epidemiology, Child Behavior Disorders: etiology, Child Development Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord, Great Britain, Great Britain: epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Ireland, Ireland: epidemiology, Newborn, Pervasive, Pervasive: diagnosis, Pervasive: epidemiolo, Pervasive: etiology, Premature, Prevalence, Questionnaires, Risk Factors},
	pages = {453--63.e1},
}

@article{mehta_patients_2010,
	title = {Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality: cohort study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {1522-9645},
	shorttitle = {Patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality},
	doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehp567},
	abstract = {AIMS: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory T-helper cell-1/17 mediated skin disease. Recent studies suggest that psoriasis, particularly if severe, may be an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. We conducted a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to determine if severe psoriasis patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Severe psoriasis was defined as patients who received a psoriasis diagnosis and systemic therapy consistent with severe psoriasis (n = 3603). Up to four unexposed patients without psoriasis were selected from the same practices and start dates for each psoriasis patient (n = 14 330). For every death, the cause was determined by review of the electronic medical record. Severe psoriasis was an independent risk factor for CV mortality (HR 1.57; 95\% CI 1.26, 1.96) when adjusting for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia. Overall, severe psoriasis patients experienced one extra CV death per 283 patients per year, even when adjusting for major CV risk factors. The relative risk of CV mortality was modified by age. For example, the RR of CV death for a 40-year-old and 60-year-old with severe psoriasis was 2.69 (1.45, 4.99) and 1.92 (1.41, 2.62), respectively. The findings were robust to multiple sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSION: Patients with severe psoriasis have an increased risk of CV mortality that is independent of traditional CV risk factors. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of this association and the impact that control of psoriasis has on CV risk.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {European Heart Journal},
	author = {Mehta, Nehal N. and Azfar, Rahat S. and Shin, Daniel B. and Neimann, Andrea L. and Troxel, Andrea B. and Gelfand, Joel M.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20037179},
	pmcid = {PMC2894736},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dermatologic Agents, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psoriasis, Risk Factors, incidence},
	pages = {1000--1006}
}

@article{gulliford_declining_2010,
	title = {Declining 1-year case-fatality of stroke and increasing coverage of vascular risk management: population-based cohort study},
	volume = {81},
	issn = {1468-330X},
	shorttitle = {Declining 1-year case-fatality of stroke and increasing coverage of vascular risk management},
	doi = {10.1136/jnnp.2009.193136},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The authors estimated trends in 1-year case-fatality of stroke in relation to changes in vascular risk management from 1997 to 2005.
METHODS: A cohort study was implemented using data for 407 family practices in the UK General Practice Research Database, including subjects with first acute strokes between 1997 and 2005. One-year case-fatality was estimated by year and sex. Rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression.
RESULTS: There were 19 143 women and 16 552 men who had first acute strokes between 1997 and 2005. In women, the 1-year case-fatality declined from 41.2\% in 1997 to 29.2\% in 2005. In men, the decline was from 29.2\% in 1997 to 22.2\% in 2005. The proportion of general practices that prescribed antihypertensive drugs to two-thirds or more of new patients with stroke increased from 6\% in 1997 to 48\% in 2005, for statins from 1\% to 39\% and for antiplatelet drugs from 11\% to 39\%. The rate ratio for 1-year mortality in 2005, compared with 1997-1998, adjusted for age group, sex, prevalent coronary heart disease, prevalent hypertension and deprivation quintile was 0.79 (0.74 to 0.86, p{\textless}0.001). After adjustment for antihypertensive, statin and antiplatelet prescribing, the rate ratio was 1.29 (1.17 to 1.42).
CONCLUSIONS: Reducing 1-year case-fatality after acute stroke may be partly explained by increased prescribing of antihypertensive, statin and antiplatelet drugs to patients with recent strokes. However, these analyses did not include measures of possible changes over time in stroke severity or acute stroke management.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry},
	author = {Gulliford, Martin C. and Charlton, Judith and Rudd, Anthony and Wolfe, Charles D. and Toschke, André Michael},
	month = apr,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20176596},
	pmcid = {PMC2921278},
	keywords = {Antihypertensive Agents, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Cohort Studies, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Hypertension, Male, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Survival Rate, stroke},
	pages = {416--422}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{auerbach_dopamine_2010,
	title = {Dopamine risk and paternal {ADHD} symptomatology associated with {ADHD} symptoms in four and a half-year-old boys.},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {1473-5873},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20421851},
	doi = {10.1097/YPG.0b013e32833a1f27},
	abstract = {This study examined the influence of allelic variation in two dopamine genes, the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene and the dopamine transporter D1 (DAT1) gene, and paternal attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology on the level of ADHD symptoms in 96 four and a half-year-old boys.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2012-07-23},
	journal = {Psychiatric genetics},
	author = {Auerbach, Judith G and Atzaba-Poria, Naama and Berger, Andrea and Landau, Rivka and Arbelle, Shoshana and Raz, Yael and Ebstein, Richard},
	month = aug,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20421851},
	keywords = {Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: gen, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: pat, Child, Dopamine, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: genet, Dopamine: genetics, Fathers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Receptors, Dopamine D4: genetics, Risk Factors},
	pages = {160--5},
}

@article{cornish_risk_2010,
	title = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {341},
	issn = {1756-1833},
	shorttitle = {Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of opiate substitution treatment at the beginning and end of treatment and according to duration of treatment.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Setting UK General Practice Research Database.
PARTICIPANTS: Primary care patients with a diagnosis of substance misuse prescribed methadone or buprenorphine during 1990-2005. 5577 patients with 267 003 prescriptions for opiate substitution treatment followed-up (17 732 years) until one year after the expiry of their last prescription, the date of death before this time had elapsed, or the date of transfer away from the practice.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rates and rate ratios comparing periods in and out of treatment adjusted for sex, age, calendar year, and comorbidity; standardised mortality ratios comparing opiate users' mortality with general population mortality rates.
RESULTS: Crude mortality rates were 0.7 per 100 person years on opiate substitution treatment and 1.3 per 100 person years off treatment; standardised mortality ratios were 5.3 (95\% confidence interval 4.0 to 6.8) on treatment and 10.9 (9.0 to 13.1) off treatment. Men using opiates had approximately twice the risk of death of women (morality rate ratio 2.0, 1.4 to 2.9). In the first two weeks of opiate substitution treatment the crude mortality rate was 1.7 per 100 person years: 3.1 (1.5 to 6.6) times higher (after adjustment for sex, age group, calendar period, and comorbidity) than the rate during the rest of time on treatment. The crude mortality rate was 4.8 per 100 person years in weeks 1-2 after treatment stopped, 4.3 in weeks 3-4, and 0.95 during the rest of time off treatment: 9 (5.4 to 14.9), 8 (4.7 to 13.7), and 1.9 (1.3 to 2.8) times higher than the baseline risk of mortality during treatment. Opiate substitution treatment has a greater than 85\% chance of reducing overall mortality among opiate users if the average duration approaches or exceeds 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians and patients should be aware of the increased mortality risk at the start of opiate substitution treatment and immediately after stopping treatment. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of average duration of opiate substitution treatment on drug related mortality.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Cornish, Rosie and Macleod, John and Strang, John and Vickerman, Peter and Hickman, Matt},
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20978062},
	pmcid = {PMC2965139},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Buprenorphine, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Opioid-Related Disorders, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Young Adult},
	pages = {c5475}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{kulkarni_high_2010,
	title = {High resolution niche models of malaria vectors in northern {Tanzania}: a new capacity to predict malaria risk?},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {1932-6203 (Electronic) 1932-6203 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20195366},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0009396},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission rates in Africa can vary dramatically over the space of a few kilometres. This spatial heterogeneity reflects variation in vector mosquito habitat and presents an important obstacle to the efficient allocation of malaria control resources. Malaria control is further complicated by combinations of vector species that respond differently to control interventions. Recent modelling innovations make it possible to predict vector distributions and extrapolate malaria risk continentally, but these risk mapping efforts have not yet bridged the spatial gap to guide on-the-ground control efforts. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used Maximum Entropy with purpose-built, high resolution land cover data and other environmental factors to model the spatial distributions of the three dominant malaria vector species in a 94,000 km(2) region of east Africa. Remotely sensed land cover was necessary in each vector's niche model. Seasonality of precipitation and maximum annual temperature also contributed to niche models for Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus s.l. (AUC 0.989 and 0.991, respectively), but cold season precipitation and elevation were important for An. gambiae s.s. (AUC 0.997). Although these niche models appear highly accurate, the critical test is whether they improve predictions of malaria prevalence in human populations. Vector habitat within 1.5 km of community-based malaria prevalence measurements interacts with elevation to substantially improve predictions of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in children. The inclusion of the mechanistic link between malaria prevalence and vector habitat greatly improves the precision and accuracy of prevalence predictions (r(2) = 0.83 including vector habitat, or r(2) = 0.50 without vector habitat). Predictions including vector habitat are unbiased (observations vs. model predictions of prevalence: slope = 1.02). Using this model, we generate a high resolution map of predicted malaria prevalence throughout the study region. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The interaction between mosquito niche space and microclimate along elevational gradients indicates worrisome potential for climate and land use changes to exacerbate malaria resurgence in the east African highlands. Nevertheless, it is possible to direct interventions precisely to ameliorate potential impacts.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {PLoS ONE},
	author = {Kulkarni, M. A. and Desrochers, R. E. and Kerr, J. T.},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {*Ecosystem, Algorithms, Animals, Anopheles gambiae/growth \& development/parasitology, Anopheles/classification/*growth \& development/parasitology, Climate, Geography, Humans, Insect Vectors/classification/*growth \& development/parasitology, Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/parasitology/*transmission, Models, Biological, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Seasons, Species Specificity, Tanzania/epidemiology, Temperature},
	pages = {e9396}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{nigg_measured_2010,
	title = {Measured gene-by-environment interaction in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1527-5418},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2928573&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.025},
	abstract = {To summarize and evaluate the state of knowledge regarding the role of measured gene-by-environment interactions in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2012-04-06},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
	author = {Nigg, Joel and Nikolas, Molly and Burt, S Alexandra},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20732623},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: gen, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Child, Chromosome Mapping, Female, Genetic Markers, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Predisposition to Disease: genetics, Genotype, Humans, Life Change Events, Parenting, Parenting: psychology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Social Environment},
	pages = {863--73},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dean_full_2010,
	title = {Full spectrum of psychiatric outcomes among offspring with parental history of mental disorder},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {0003990X},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20679590/},
	doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.86},
	abstract = {Context: While concordant parent/offspring risks for specific mental disorders are well established, knowledge of the broader range of psychiatric outcomes among offspring with parental history of mental disorder is lacking. Objective: To examine the full range of mental health outcomes among offspring of parents with serious and other mental disorders compared with those whose parents had no such history. Design: Population-based cohort study. Offspring were followed up from their 14th birthday for the development of mental disorders based on both outpatient and inpatient hospital data. Setting: Danish population. Participants: All offspring born in Denmark between 1980 and 1994 (N=865 078) with follow-up to December 2008. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and cumulative incidences for offspring psychiatric outcomes. Results: Parental serious mental disorder (SMD) (nonaffective or affective psychosis) was found to be positively associated with virtually all offspring psychiatric outcomes, including those not hitherto regarded as clinically related. Offspring of parents without SMD but with a history of "other mental disorder" were also found to be at increased risk of developing a range of mental disorders. The strongest associations were found where both parents had a history of mental disorder (eg, offspring of 2 parents with SMD were 13 times more likely to develop schizophrenia). Elevated risks were not confined to concordant parent/offspring disorders (eg, offspring of 2 parents with SMD were 8 times more likely to develop substance misuse disorders). Conclusions: The impact of parental history of mental disorder was not confined to elevated offspring risk of concordant disorders but rather offspring are at increased risk of a wide range of mental disorders, particularly those with 2 affected parents. Our results imply an important role for etiological factors giving rise to broad, as well as specific, familial vulnerabilities. These findings also have potential implications for diagnostic classification. ©2010 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2020-10-08},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	author = {Dean, Kimberlie and Stevens, Hanne and Mortensen, Preben B. and Murray, Robin M. and Walsh, Elizabeth and Pedersen, Carsten B.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20679590},
	note = {Publisher: Arch Gen Psychiatry},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Carsten B Pedersen, Child of Impaired Parents / psychology, Child of Impaired Parents / statistics \& numerical data*, Cohort Studies, Comparative Study, Denmark / epidemiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hanne Stevens, Health Care, Humans, Incidence, International Classification of Diseases / statistics \& numerical data, Kimberlie Dean, Longitudinal Studies, MEDLINE, Male, Mental Disorders / diagnosis, Mental Disorders / epidemiology*, NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Non-U.S. Gov't, Outcome Assessment, Parents / psychology, PubMed Abstract, Research Support, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia / diagnosis*, Schizophrenia / epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders / diagnosis, Substance-Related Disorders / epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.86, pmid:20679590},
	pages = {822--829},
}

@article{thompson_psychotic_2010,
	title = {Psychotic symptoms with sexual content in the "ultra high risk" for psychosis population: frequency and association with sexual trauma},
	volume = {177},
	issn = {0165-1781},
	shorttitle = {Psychotic symptoms with sexual content in the "ultra high risk" for psychosis population},
	doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2010.02.011},
	abstract = {Individuals at "ultra high risk" (UHR) for psychosis have been found to experience high rates of sexual trauma. An aetiological role for sexual trauma has been proposed for psychotic disorders and may influence psychotic symptom content. We aimed to investigate the relationship between previous sexual trauma and reported psychotic-like experiences, in particular psychotic symptoms with a sexual content in a UHR sample. We investigated the prevalence of "attenuated" or "subthreshold" psychotic symptoms with a sexual content in a consecutive series of patients recruited to a specialist UHR clinic. Patient's experience of general and sexual trauma was rated separately using a trauma questionnaire based on the list of events qualifying as traumas under DSM IV. The sample consisted of 92 patients, 14 (15.2\%) had experienced an attenuated psychotic symptom with sexual content. The most common symptom was overvalued ideas/delusions of being watched in the shower/toilet or undressing. A considerable proportion of the sample (36.2\%) had experienced sexual trauma (sexually molested or raped). Presence of attenuated psychotic symptoms with sexual content was related to history of previous sexual trauma (OR 7.17, P{\textless}0.01). This relationship remained significant when other traumatic experiences, PTSD diagnosis, age and sex were adjusted for. Further research into this relationship with regard to outcome and treatment is warranted.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1-2},
	journal = {Psychiatry Research},
	author = {Thompson, Andrew and Nelson, Barnaby and McNab, Catherine and Simmons, Magenta and Leicester, Steven and McGorry, Patrick D. and Bechdolf, Andreas and Yung, Alison R.},
	month = may,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20304504},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},
	pages = {84--91},
}

@article{perazella_renal_2009,
	title = {Renal vulnerability to drug toxicity},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {1555-905X},
	doi = {10.2215/CJN.02050309},
	abstract = {Drug-induced kidney disease occurs primarily in patients with underlying risk factors. A number of factors enhance the vulnerability of the kidney to the nephrotoxic effects of drugs and toxins. They are broadly categorized as patient-specific, kidney-related, and drug-related factors. One, two, or all three of the factor categories can act to promote various forms of renal injury. Importantly, all compartments of the kidney can be affected and result in one or more classic clinical renal syndromes. These include acute kidney injury, various tubulopathies, proteinuric renal disease, and chronic kidney disease. Recognizing risk factors that increase renal vulnerability to drug-induced kidney disease is the first step in reducing the renal complications of drugs and toxins.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN},
	author = {Perazella, Mark A.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19520747},
	keywords = {Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1275--1283}
}

@article{cummings_prevention_2009,
	title = {Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: approaches to estimating and reducing risk},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {1460-2105},
	shorttitle = {Prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women},
	doi = {10.1093/jnci/djp018},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether evidence supports routinely estimating a postmenopausal woman's risk of breast cancer and intervening to reduce risk.
METHODS: We systematically reviewed prospective studies about models and sex hormone levels to assess breast cancer risk and used meta-analysis with random effects models to summarize the predictive accuracy of breast density. We also reviewed prospective studies of the effects of exercise, weight management, healthy diet, moderate alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake on breast cancer risk, and used random effects models for a meta-analyses of tamoxifen and raloxifene for primary prevention of breast cancer. All studies reviewed were published before June 2008, and all statistical tests were two-sided.
RESULTS: Risk models that are based on demographic characteristics and medical history had modest discriminatory accuracy for estimating breast cancer risk (c-statistics range = 0.58-0.63). Breast density was strongly associated with breast cancer (relative risk [RR] = 4.03, 95\% confidence interval [CI] = 3.10 to 5.26, for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category IV vs category I; RR = 4.20, 95\% CI = 3.61 to 4.89, for {\textgreater}75\% vs {\textless}5\% of dense area), and adding breast density to models improved discriminatory accuracy (c-statistics range = 0.63-0.66). Estradiol was also associated with breast cancer (RR range = 2.0-2.9, comparing the highest vs lowest quintile of estradiol, P {\textless} .01). Most studies found that exercise, weight reduction, low-fat diet, and reduced alcohol intake were associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. Tamoxifen and raloxifene reduced the risk of estrogen receptor-positive invasive breast cancer and invasive breast cancer overall.
CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this study supports screening for breast cancer risk in all postmenopausal women by use of risk factors and breast density and considering chemoprevention for those found to be at high risk. Several lifestyle changes with the potential to prevent breast cancer should be recommended regardless of risk.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
	author = {Cummings, Steven R. and Tice, Jeffrey A. and Bauer, Scott and Browner, Warren S. and Cuzick, Jack and Ziv, Elad and Vogel, Victor and Shepherd, John and Vachon, Celine and Smith-Bindman, Rebecca and Kerlikowske, Karla},
	month = mar,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19276457},
	pmcid = {PMC2720698},
	keywords = {Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Confidence Intervals, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), Estrogen Receptor Modulators, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Odds Ratio, Postmenopause, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Raloxifene Hydrochloride, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Risk Reduction Behavior, Tamoxifen},
	pages = {384--398}
}

@article{andersohn_long-term_2009,
	title = {Long-term use of antidepressants for depressive disorders and the risk of diabetes mellitus},
	volume = {166},
	issn = {1535-7228},
	doi = {10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08071065},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Use of antidepressants has been reported to cause considerable weight gain. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of diabetes mellitus associated with antidepressant treatment and to examine whether the risk is influenced by treatment duration or daily dose.
METHOD: This was a nested case-control study in a cohort of 165,958 patients with depression who received at least one new prescription for an antidepressant between January 1, 1990, and June 30, 2005. Data were from from the U.K. General Practice Research Database. Patients were at least 30 years of age and without diabetes at cohort entry.
RESULTS: A total of 2,243 cases of incident diabetes mellitus and 8,963 matched comparison subjects were identified. Compared with no use of antidepressants during the past 2 years, recent long-term use ({\textgreater}24 months) of antidepressants in moderate to high daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (incidence rate ratio=1.84, 95\% CI=1.35-2.52). The magnitude of the risk was similar for long-term use of moderate to high daily doses of tricyclic antidepressants (incidence rate ratio=1.77, 95\% CI=1.21-2.59) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (incidence rate ratio=2.06, 95\% CI=1.20-3.52). Treatment for shorter periods or with lower daily doses was not associated with an increased risk.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term use of antidepressants in at least moderate daily doses was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. This association was observed for both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {The American Journal of Psychiatry},
	author = {Andersohn, Frank and Schade, René and Suissa, Samy and Garbe, Edeltraut},
	month = may,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19339356},
	keywords = {Amitriptyline, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cyclohexanols, Depressive Disorder, Female, Fluvoxamine, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Paroxetine, Risk Factors, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Time Factors, diabetes mellitus, incidence},
	pages = {591--598}
}

@article{setakis_changes_2008,
	title = {Changes in the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors after the 2004 withdrawal of rofecoxib},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0004-3591},
	doi = {10.1002/art.23925},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of rofecoxib withdrawal on the characteristics of patients prescribed selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors.
METHODS: The General Practice Research Database was used to identify patients age {\textgreater} or =18 years who were prescribed a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Various patient characteristics were noted at the start of therapy: age, sex, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-related risk factors for upper gastrointestinal (GI) events, and the Framingham risk score for cardiovascular disease. Logistic regression was used to compare patients using selective COX-2 inhibitors before and after September 2004.
RESULT: The study population included 171,645 patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors. The number of users substantially increased over time until September 2004 and sharply declined thereafter. Approximately 80\% stopped selective COX-2 inhibitor therapy within 6 months. Patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors after September 2004 were younger and included more men compared with those receiving therapy before September 2004. There was no change before and after September 2004 in the proportion of patients with GI risk factors or high Framingham risk scores, after adjustment for age and sex. A correlation was found between presence of GI risk factors and high Framingham risk scores. Only 20\% of patients receiving selective COX-2 inhibitors had GI risk factors but low Framingham risk score, which did not change after September 2004.
CONCLUSION: There was no channeling in the usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors toward patients with a high risk of GI and low risk of cardiovascular disease following the withdrawal of rofecoxib.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
	author = {Setakis, E. and Leufkens, H. G. M. and van Staa, T. P.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18668614},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Utilization Review, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Great Britain, Humans, Lactones, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Rheumatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Sulfones, incidence},
	pages = {1105--1111}
}

@article{kaye_proton_2008,
	title = {Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of hip fractures in patients without major risk factors},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	doi = {10.1592/phco.28.8.951},
	abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relative risk of hip fracture associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use in a population without major risk factors.
DESIGN: A two-phase, matched, nested case-control study.
DATA SOURCE: United Kingdom General Practice Research Database (GPRD).
PATIENTS: Phase 1 identified 4414 case patients (aged 50-79 yrs) with an incident hip fracture between 1995 and 2005 who had at least 2 years of recorded history in the GPRD; each case was matched by age, sex, and index date (date of first-time hip fracture for cases, same date for matched controls) to up to 10 controls who did not have hip fracture. Phase 2 included the 1098 case patients identified as having no major medical risk factors for hip fracture (as assessed in phase 1) and a new set of 10,923 controls without major risk factors for hip fracture matched by sex, age, index date, and duration of history in the GPRD.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In phase 1, we identified major medical risk factors for hip fracture. In phase 2, we restricted the study to case patients with none of these risk factors and matched them to new controls, who also had none of the risk factors. Data on use of PPIs were collected and compared between the groups. The relative risk (RR) for hip fracture among patients who received any PPI prescription was 0.9 (95\% confidence interval 0.7-1.1) compared with those with no PPI prescription. We found no evidence of an increased risk of hip fracture with increased PPI use. The RR estimates were similar in both sexes and in all age subgroups. No specific PPI was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture.
CONCLUSION: Use of PPIs does not increase the risk of hip fracture in patients without major risk factors. The difference in results between our study and that of another, which indicated that PPI use increases the risk of hip fracture, may be due to residual confounding or effect modification in the latter study.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Kaye, James A. and Jick, Hershel},
	month = aug,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18657011},
	keywords = {Aged, Case-Control Studies, Female, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Risk Factors},
	pages = {951--959}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{albrecht_action_2008,
	title = {Action monitoring in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, their nonaffected siblings, and normal control subjects: evidence for an endophenotype.},
	volume = {64},
	issn = {1873-2402},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322308000504},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.12.016},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a very common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorder associated with dysfunctions in fronto-striatal networks that control attention and response organization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether features of action monitoring related to dopaminergic functions represent endophenotypes that are brain functions on the pathway from genes and environmental risk factors to behavior. METHODS: Action monitoring and error processing as indicated by behavioral and electrophysiological parameters during a flanker task were examined in boys with ADHD combined type according to DSM-IV (n = 68), their nonaffected siblings (n = 18), and healthy control subjects with no known family history of ADHD (n = 22). RESULTS: Boys with ADHD displayed slower and more variable reaction-times. Error negativity (Ne) was smaller in boys with ADHD compared with healthy control subjects, whereas nonaffected siblings displayed intermediate amplitudes following a linear model predicted by genetic concordance. The three groups did not differ on error positivity (Pe). The N2 amplitude enhancement due to conflict (incongruent flankers) was reduced in the ADHD group. Nonaffected siblings also displayed intermediate N2 enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Converging evidence from behavioral and event-related potential findings suggests that action monitoring and initial error processing, both related to dopaminergically modulated functions of anterior cingulate cortex, might be an endophenotype related to ADHD.},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2015-05-20},
	journal = {Biological Psychiatry},
	author = {Albrecht, Björn and Brandeis, Daniel and Uebel, Henrik and Heinrich, Hartmut and Mueller, Ueli C and Hasselhorn, Marcus and Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph and Rothenberger, Aribert and Banaschewski, Tobias},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18339358},
	note = {Publisher: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, Germany. balbrec@gwdg.de},
	keywords = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: gen, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: phy, Child, Corpus Striatum, Corpus Striatum: physiopathology, Dopamine, Dopamine: metabolism, Electroencephalography, Environment, Evoked Potentials, Evoked Potentials: physiology, Frontal Lobe, Frontal Lobe: physiopathology, Gyrus Cinguli, Gyrus Cinguli: metabolism, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Nerve Net: physiopathology, Phenotype, Psychomotor Performance, Psychomotor Performance: physiology, Reaction Time, Risk Factors, Siblings, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity dia, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity gen, attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity phy, child, corpus striatum, corpus striatum physiopathology, dopamine, dopamine metabolism, electroencephalography, environment, evoked potentials, evoked potentials physiology, frontal lobe, frontal lobe physiopathology, gyrus cinguli, gyrus cinguli metabolism, humans, male, nerve net, nerve net physiopathology, phenotype, psychomotor performance, psychomotor performance physiology, reaction time, risk factors, siblings},
	pages = {615--25},
}

@article{hippisley-cox_risk_2007,
	title = {Risk of malignancy in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: nested case-control study},
	volume = {64},
	issn = {1538-3636},
	shorttitle = {Risk of malignancy in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder},
	doi = {10.1001/archpsyc.64.12.1368},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: There is conflicting evidence on whether people with schizophrenia have a different risk of cancer from that of the general population.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of 6 common cancers in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
DESIGN: Population-based, nested, case-control study.
SETTING: A total of 454 practices contributing to the QRESEARCH general practice database.
PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed 40,441 incident cases of 6 cancers (breast, colon, rectal, gastroesophageal, prostate, and respiratory) and up to 5 controls per case matched by single year of age, sex, general practice, and calendar time.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) for cancer risk associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, adjusting for smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and prescribed medications, including antipsychotics.
RESULTS: For breast cancer, we identified 10,535/50,074 cases/controls; colon cancer, 5108/24,458; rectal cancer, 3248/15,552; gastroesophageal cancer, 3854/18,477; prostate cancer, 10,190/48,748; and respiratory cancer, 7506/35,981. After adjustment, patients with schizophrenia had a 190\% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 2.90; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.85-4.57), a marginal increased breast cancer risk (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95\% CI, 1.10-2.11), and a 47\% decreased respiratory cancer risk (adjusted OR, 0.53, 95\% CI, 0.34-0.85). Patients with schizophrenia taking antipsychotics had a 308\% increased colon cancer risk (adjusted OR, 4.08; 95\% CI, 2.43-6.84). Patients with bipolar disorder had cancer risks similar to patients with neither condition after adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia have a significantly higher risk of colon cancer and a lower risk of respiratory cancer compared with patients without schizophrenia after adjustment for confounders. In contrast, the risks of cancer in patients with and without bipolar disorder are similar, suggesting that residual confounding is unlikely to explain the findings. The increased risk of colon cancer is particularly marked in patients with schizophrenia who take antipsychotic medications.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Archives of General Psychiatry},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, Julia and Vinogradova, Yana and Coupland, Carol and Parker, Chris},
	month = dec,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {18056544},
	keywords = {Aged, Antipsychotic Agents, Bipolar Disorder, Breast Neoplasms, Colonic Neoplasms, Demography, Drug Therapy, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Prevalence, Prostatic Neoplasms, Rectal Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, incidence},
	pages = {1368--1376}
}

@article{hippisley-cox_qflu:_2006,
	title = {{QFLU}: new influenza monitoring in {UK} primary care to support pandemic influenza planning},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1560-7917},
	shorttitle = {{QFLU}},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Euro Surveillance: Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, J. and Smith, S. and Smith, G. and Porter, A. and Heaps, M. and Holland, R. and Fenty, J. and Harcourt, S. and George, R. and Charlett, A. and Pebody, R. G. and Painter, M.},
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16819130},
	keywords = {Communicable Disease Control, Disease Notification, Disease Outbreaks, Family Practice, Great Britain, Health Planning, Humans, Influenza, Human, Population Surveillance, Primary Health Care, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, incidence},
	pages = {E060622.4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {bacillus thuringiensis,bacillus thuringiensis genetics,bacillus thuringiensis metabolism,bacterial proteins,bacterial proteins adverse effects,bacterial proteins genetics,bacterial proteins metabolism,biological,biological methods,consumer product safety,genetically modified,genetically modified adverse effects,genetically modified genetics,genetically modified metabolism,insecticide resistance,insecticide resistance physiology,pest control,plants,risk assessment,risk assessment methods,risk factors},
 pages = {63-71},
 volume = {24},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404399},
 publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
 institution = {Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland. Joerg.Romeis@fal.admin.ch},
 id = {b03218f2-e35f-3344-8134-ebbd542350e8},
 created = {2015-07-21T19:14:16.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {1a467167-0a41-3583-a6a3-034c31031332},
 group_id = {0e532975-1a47-38a4-ace8-4fe5968bcd72},
 last_modified = {2015-07-23T20:45:14.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Romeis2006},
 abstract = {The area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is increasing worldwide. A major concern with the adoption of Bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. Regulatory frameworks should advocate a step-wise (tiered) approach to assess possible nontarget effects of Bt crops. Laboratory and glasshouse studies have revealed effects on natural enemies only when Bt-susceptible, sublethally damaged herbivores were used as prey or host, with no indication of direct toxic effects. Field studies have confirmed that the abundance and activity of parasitoids and predators are similar in Bt and non-Bt crops. In contrast, applications of conventional insecticides have usually resulted in negative impacts on biological control organisms. Because Bt-transgenic varieties can lead to substantial reductions in insecticide use in some crops, they can contribute to integrated pest management systems with a strong biological control component.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Romeis, Jörg and Meissle, Michael and Bigler, Franz},
 journal = {Nature biotechnology},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{lee_marriage-related_2006,
	title = {The marriage-related risk factors during maternal pregnancy in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.},
	volume = {32},
	issn = {0305-1862},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441855},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00587.x},
	abstract = {The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between marriage-related risk factors during maternal pregnancy and subsequent development of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Child: care, health and development},
	author = {Lee, C-Y and Chang, Y-Y and Lung, F-W},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16441855},
	keywords = {Adaptation, Psychological, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: eti, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Logistic Models, Marriage, Marriage: psychology, Mothers, Mothers: psychology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy: psychology, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {205--11},
}

@article{solaymani-dodaran_fracture_2006,
	title = {Fracture risk in people with primary biliary cirrhosis: a population-based cohort study},
	volume = {131},
	issn = {0016-5085},
	shorttitle = {Fracture risk in people with primary biliary cirrhosis},
	doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2006.09.012},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND \& AIMS: Controversy exists as to whether people with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and the extent to which this may translate into an increased risk of fracture. We have performed a cohort study using the General Practice Research Database to quantify the excess fracture risk in people with PBC.
METHODS: We identified 930 people with PBC and 9202 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We used Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios for any fracture, hip fracture, and ulna/radius fracture in the PBC cohort compared with the general population.
RESULTS: There were approximately 2-fold relative increases in the risk of any fracture, hip fracture, and ulna/radius fracture for the PBC cohort compared with the general population (hazard ratio [HR], 2.03; 95\% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70-2.44; HR 2.14 (95\% CI: 1.40-3.28), and HR, 1.96; 95\% CI: 1.42-2.71, respectively). The absolute excess in fracture rates were for any fracture, 12.5 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI: 8.1-16.9); for hip fracture, 1.9 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI: 0.3-3.5); and for ulna/radius fracture, 3.4 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI: 1.2-5.7). In those people with more severe disease, the relative risks of fracture were similar (any fracture HR, 2.24; hip fracture HR, 1.25; ulna/radius fracture HR, 1.28).
CONCLUSIONS: There are modest increases in both the absolute and relative fracture risks in people with PBC compared with the general population, with the excess risks similar in those with more severe disease.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Gastroenterology},
	author = {Solaymani-Dodaran, Masoud and Card, Tim R. and Aithal, Guruprasad P. and West, Joe},
	month = dec,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {17087953},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Calcium, Cohort Studies, Female, Fractures, Bone, Hip Fractures, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Radius Fractures, Risk Factors, Vitamin D},
	pages = {1752--1757}
}

@article{ruigomez_esophageal_2006,
	title = {Esophageal stricture: incidence, treatment patterns, and recurrence rate},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {0002-9270},
	shorttitle = {Esophageal stricture},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00828.x},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the incidence, natural history, and recurrence rate of esophageal stricture diagnosed in primary care.
METHODS: From the U.K. General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with a stricture diagnosis recorded between 1994 and 2000. Diagnoses were confirmed by general practitioner-completed questionnaires. Patients with stricture were compared to an age- and sex-matched sample of controls from the original source population. We estimated the incidence of stricture, potential risk factors, and comorbidities, and relative risk (RR) for subsequent stricture recurrence and mortality.
RESULTS: The incidence of esophageal stricture was 1.1 per 10,000 person-years and increased markedly with age. Incidence of stricture decreased from 1994 to 2000, concomitant with a substantial increase in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use. The majority of stricture cases (68\%) were peptic. Prior dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), hiatus hernia, peptic ulcer disease, and heavy alcohol use were associated with an increased risk of stricture. The rate of stricture recurrence was 11.1 per 100 person-years. Risk of recurrence associated with long-term PPI use adjusting for other factors was 0.6 (95\% CI 0.3-1.1). Mortality in patients with peptic stricture was similar to that in the control population.
CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal stricture is a rare event, and most cases in primary care are peptic strictures. Prior GERD, hiatus hernia, and peptic ulcer are associated with an increased risk of peptic stricture. Incidence of stricture decreased from 1994 to 2000.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {The American Journal of Gastroenterology},
	author = {Ruigómez, Ana and García Rodríguez, Luis Alberto and Wallander, Mari-Ann and Johansson, Saga and Eklund, Stefan},
	month = dec,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {17227515},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Cohort Studies, Esophageal Stenosis, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Recurrence, Risk Factors, incidence},
	pages = {2685--2692}
}

@article{barreiro_promoter_2006,
	title = {Promoter variation in the {DC}-{SIGN}-encoding gene {CD209} is associated with tuberculosis},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1549-1676},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.0030020},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is known to be the major M. tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. We reasoned that if DC-SIGN interacts with M. tuberculosis, as well as with other pathogens, variation in this gene might have a broad range of influence in the pathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.
METHODS AND FINDINGS: We tested whether polymorphisms in CD209, the gene encoding DC-SIGN, are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis through sequencing and genotyping analyses in a South African cohort. After exclusion of significant population stratification in our cohort, we observed an association between two CD209 promoter variants (-871G and -336A) and decreased risk of developing tuberculosis. By looking at the geographical distribution of these variants, we observed that their allelic combination is mainly confined to Eurasian populations.
CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest that the two -871G and -336A variants confer protection against tuberculosis. In addition, the geographic distribution of these two alleles, together with their phylogenetic status, suggest that they may have increased in frequency in non-African populations as a result of host genetic adaptation to a longer history of exposure to tuberculosis. Further characterization of the biological consequences of DC-SIGN variation in tuberculosis will be crucial to better appreciate the role of this lectin in interactions between the host immune system and the tubercle bacillus as well as other pathogens.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {PLoS medicine},
	author = {Barreiro, Luis B. and Neyrolles, Olivier and Babb, Chantal L. and Tailleux, Ludovic and Quach, Hélène and McElreavey, Ken and Helden, Paul D. van and Hoal, Eileen G. and Gicquel, Brigitte and Quintana-Murci, Lluis},
	month = feb,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16379498},
	pmcid = {PMC1324949},
	note = {00192 },
	keywords = {Adult, African Continental Ancestry Group, Case-Control Studies, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Dendritic Cells, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Lectins, C-Type, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Receptors, Cell Surface, Risk Factors, South Africa, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary},
	pages = {e20},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{oner_attentional_2005,
	title = {Attentional and neurocognitive characteristics of high-risk offspring of parents with schizophrenia compared with {DSM}-{IV} attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children.},
	volume = {76},
	issn = {0920-9964},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996405000447},
	abstract = {Offspring of individuals with schizophrenia are at increased baseline risk for a range of early mental disorders. Studies investigating the premorbid characteristics of individuals with schizophrenia indicate that they suffer from social, behavioral, attentional and neurocognitive impairments, often resembling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we compared the executive functioning and general intelligence among three groups: (i) children and adolescents with DSM-IV ADHD (n=41), (ii) "high-risk" (HR) offspring of parents with DSM-IV schizophrenia, and (iii) normal comparison subjects (n=35). Our results indicated that both HR and ADHD groups had lower Verbal IQ scores. ADHD cases had significantly lower percent correct and total errors in Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test when compared with normal comparison subjects. The HR cases also had lower Performance IQ scores as well as worse abstraction--flexibility and comprehension performance. The HR group was further stratified with (HR-A) and without (HR-NA) comorbid ADHD, and HR-A subjects were significantly noted to be more impaired on most tests. The overall worse performance of HR offspring was attributable to significantly lower performance among the HR-A youth. Further, our results suggested that the most profoundly impaired HR subjects were in fact children and adolescents who also met criteria for ADHD. Future studies with broader neuropsychological test batteries are necessary to investigate the differences and similarities between ADHD and the HR-A subgroup.},
	number = {2-3},
	urldate = {2014-05-23},
	journal = {Schizophrenia research},
	author = {Oner, Ozgür and Munir, Kerim},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Child, Child of Impaired Parents, Child of Impaired Parents: psychology, Cognition Disorders, Cognition Disorders: diagnosis, Cognition Disorders: etiology, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia: complications, Schizophrenia: diagnosis, Schizophrenia: genetics, Severity of Illness Index},
	pages = {293--9},
}

@article{poplawski_polymorphisms_2005,
	title = {Polymorphisms of the {DNA} mismatch repair gene {HMSH2} in breast cancer occurence and progression},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {0167-6806},
	doi = {10.1007/s10549-005-4793-7},
	abstract = {The response of the cell to DNA damage and its ability to maintain genomic stability by DNA repair are crucial in preventing cancer initiation and progression. Therefore, polymorphism of DNA repair genes may affect the process of carcinogenesis. The importance of genetic variability of the components of mismatch repair (MMR) genes is well documented in colorectal cancer, but little is known about its role in breast cancer. hMSH2 is one of the crucial proteins of MMR. We performed a case-control study to test the association between two polymorphisms in the hMSH2 gene: an A --{\textgreater} G transition at 127 position producing an Asn --{\textgreater} Ser substitution at codon 127 (the Asn127Ser polymorphism) and a G --{\textgreater} A transition at 1032 position resulting in a Gly --{\textgreater} Asp change at codon 322 (the Gly322Asp polymorphism) and breast cancer risk and cancer progression. Genotypes were determined in DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 150 breast cancer patients and 150 age-matched women (controls) by restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele-specific PCR. We did not observe any correlation between studied polymorphisms and breast cancer progression evaluated by node-metastasis, tumor size and Bloom-Richardson grading. A strong association between breast cancer occurrence and the Gly/Gly phenotype of the Gly322Asp polymorphism (odds ratio 8.39; 95\% confidence interval 1.44-48.8) was found. Therefore, MMR may play a role in the breast carcinogenesis and the Gly322Asp polymorphism of the hMSH2 gene may be considered as a potential marker in breast cancer.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Breast Cancer Research and Treatment},
	author = {Poplawski, Tomasz and Zadrozny, Marek and Kolacinska, Agnieszka and Rykala, Jan and Morawiec, Zbigniew and Blasiak, Janusz},
	month = dec,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {16252083},
	keywords = {Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Female, Genotype, Humans, Lymphocytes, Middle Aged, MutS Homolog 2 Protein, Phenotype, Point Mutation, Polymorphism, Genetic, Risk Factors, Tumor Markers, Biological},
	pages = {199--204},
}

@article{lin_impact_2005,
	title = {The impact of workplace violence on nurses in {South} {Taiwan}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0020-7489},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.11.010},
	abstract = {The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of workplace violence (WPV) committed by patients and their family members against healthcare workers in south Taiwan. WPV incident questionnaires were completed by 205 nurses from a medical facility in south Taiwan. Sixty-two percent of the nurses reported experiencing WPV. The majority of the cases consisted of verbal abuse including threats of violence or threatening words from patients or families. The verbal expressions of violence were mainly due to misunderstanding and drunkenness on the part of patients and their families, and personal problems in the nurses' relationships with doctors and co-workers. The cases of physical WPV reported by the nurses were perpetrated by patients who were mentally unstable. The findings of this study may help hospitals and nurses in avoiding, reducing, and controlling incidents of WPV.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {International journal of nursing studies},
	author = {Lin, Yu-Hua and Liu, Hsueh-Erh},
	month = sep,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15964004},
	keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Occupational Exposure, Risk Factors, Social Behavior, Taiwan, Violence},
	pages = {773--778}
}

@article{
 title = {Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: epidemiology,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: prevention & control,Humans,Lipoproteins,Lipoproteins: blood,Metabolic Syndrome X,Metabolic Syndrome X: complications,Metabolic Syndrome X: diagnosis,Metabolic Syndrome X: epidemiology,Metabolic Syndrome X: therapy,National Institutes of Health (U.S.),Risk Factors,Societies, Medical,United States,United States: epidemiology},
 id = {7598f17e-f498-39c9-86e7-e47f32399b06},
 created = {2015-10-06T16:39:30.000Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {9119439d-54eb-3aeb-9ae6-8bf806ce7a35},
 group_id = {d83c42cd-843c-302b-9a7f-a839f548dcf7},
 last_modified = {2015-10-06T16:39:30.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Grundy, Scott M and Cleeman, James I and Daniels, Stephen R and Donato, Karen A and Eckel, Robert H and Franklin, Barry A and Gordon, David J and Krauss, Ronald M and Savage, Peter J and Smith, Sidney C and Spertus, John A and Costa, Fernando},
 journal = {Circulation}
}

@article{morant_application_2004,
	title = {Application of a propensity score to adjust for channelling bias with {NSAIDs}},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1053-8569},
	doi = {10.1002/pds.946},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare the relative risks of upper GI haemorrhage (UGIH) in users of Newer versus Older, non-specific NSAIDs when adjusted for channelling bias by regression on individual covariates, a propensity score and both.
METHODS: Cohort study of patients prescribed NSAIDs between June 1987 and January 2000. Exposure to Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs was identified, and risk factors evaluated for each patient. Results of multiple covariate analyses and the propensity scoring technique to assess potential channelling bias in comparisons between Newer and Older non-specific NSAIDs were compared.
RESULTS: This study included 7.1 thousand patient years (tpy) exposure to meloxicam, 1.6 tpy exposure to coxibs, and 628 tpy exposure to Older non-specific NSAIDs. Patients receiving Newer NSAIDs were older, more likely to have a history of GI symptoms, and at higher risk for GI complications. Adjusting for these risk factors reduced the relative risks of UGIH on meloxicam and coxibs versus Older non-specific NSAIDs to 0.84 (95\%CI 0.60, 1.17) and 0.36 (0.14, 0.97) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Channelling towards high GI risk patients occurred in the prescribing of Newer NSAIDs. Propensity scores highlighted the markedly different risk profiles of users of Newer and Older non-specific NSAID. Correcting for channelling bias, coxib exposure, but not meloxicam exposure, was associated with less UGIH than Older non-specific NSAID exposure. In the present study, corrections made by regression on a propensity score and on individual covariates were similar.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
	author = {Morant, S. V. and Pettitt, D. and MacDonald, T. M. and Burke, T. A. and Goldstein, J. L.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15170763},
	keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cohort Studies, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Databases, Factual, Drug Utilization Review, Family Practice, Female, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Thiazines, Thiazoles, pharmacoepidemiology},
	pages = {345--353}
}

@article{solaymani-dodaran_risk_2004,
	title = {Risk of extra-oesophageal malignancies and colorectal cancer in {Barrett}'s oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal reflux},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {0036-5521},
	doi = {10.1080/00365520410004802},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between Barrett's oesophagus and colorectal cancer and other extra-oesophageal malignancies (EOM) has been a matter of controversy. These relationships have therefore been examined in a prospective study design in the General Practice Research Database.
METHODS: Cohorts of patients having Barrett's oesophagus (n=1677), oesophagitis (n=6392), and simple reflux (n=6328), and a standard reference cohort representing the general population in the UK (n=13,416) were selected. The last three cohorts were matched to the Barrett's cohort by general practice, age and sex. Incident outcomes occurring beyond the first year of the follow-up were used for analyses. Hazard ratios and 95\% confidence intervals were calculated using Cox's proportional hazards regression. The associations with cataract and oesophageal cancer were explored for comparison.
RESULTS: Incident cases of 567 EOM (including 74 colorectal cancers), 448 cataract and 43 oesophageal cancers were used in the final analysis. The relative risks for colorectal cancer compared to the standard reference cohort were 1.16 (0.42-3.21) in the Barrett's cohort, 1.39 (0.76-2.54) in the oesophagitis cohort, and 0.93 (0.45-1.90) in the simple reflux cohort. The corresponding relative risks in the Barrett's cohort were 1.29 (0.90-1.85), 1.60 (1.10-2.32), and 10.56 (5.07-21.99) for EOM, cataract and oesophageal cancer, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of colorectal cancer was not higher in any of the Barrett's oesophagus, oesophagitis, or reflux cohorts compared to the general population. The explanations for the modest increase in the risk of EOM and cataract in the above cohorts are unclear but they may be mediated by ascertainment bias or shared risk factors.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology},
	author = {Solaymani-Dodaran, M. and Logan, R. F. A. and West, J. and Card, T. and Coupland, C.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15370691},
	keywords = {Aged, Barrett Esophagus, Colorectal Neoplasms, Esophageal Neoplasms, Esophagitis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {680--685}
}

@article{peyriere_adverse_2003,
	title = {Adverse drug events associated with hospital admission},
	volume = {37},
	issn = {1060-0280},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To increase the knowledge base on the frequency, causality, and avoidability of adverse drug events (ADEs) as a cause for admission in internal medicine or when occurring during hospitalization.
METHODS: A prospective study was performed for 6 periods of 8 days each. Epidemiologic data (e.g., age, gender, medical history), drug utilization, and adverse drug reactions on patients hospitalized during these periods were collected by a pharmacy student.
RESULTS: A total of 156 patients (70 men and 86 women) were included in the study. The patients' mean age +/- SD was 66.5 +/- 18.1 years and mean length of stay was 13.2 +/- 9 days. Renal and hepatic insufficiency and previous history of drug intolerance were observed in 17.9\%, 10.2\%, and 2\% of the hospitalized patients, respectively. Thirty-eight ADEs occurred in 32 patients; in 15 cases, ADEs were identified as the reason for admission, 10 cases occurred during hospitalization, and 13 cases were present at admission, but were not the cause of admission. The most frequent ADEs involved the neurologic (23.6\%), renal (15.7\%), and hematologic (13.1\%) systems. Among these 38 ADEs, 22 were considered avoidable (57.9\%); 20 of these were associated with therapeutic errors (inappropriate administration, drug-drug interactions, dosage error, drug not stopped despite the onset of ADEs). Patients with ADEs stayed longer in the hospital and took more drugs both before and during their hospital stay (p {\textless} 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the ADEs observed in this study were avoidable. The risk/benefit ratio of administered drugs could be improved with better knowledge of the patients' medical history and the risk factors of ADEs.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Annals of Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Peyriere, Hélène and Cassan, Stéphanie and Floutard, Edith and Riviere, Sophie and Blayac, Jean-Pierre and Hillaire-Buys, Dominique and Le Quellec, Alain and Hansel, Sylvie},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12503925},
	keywords = {Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Hypersensitivity, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Medication Errors, Middle Aged, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors},
	pages = {5--11}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{leroy_o_HOSPITALACQUIRED_2003,
title = {Hospital-acquired pneumonia - Risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant causative pathogens in critically ill patients},
volume = {123},
issn = {0012-3692},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12796186},
Language = {English},
Journal = {Chest},
author = {{Leroy O} and {Jaffre S} and {d'Escrivan T} and {Devos P} and {Georges H} and {Alfandari S} and {Beaucaire G}},
year = {2003},
keywords = {Algorithms, Cross Infection/microbiology*, Drug Resistance, Bacterial*, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology*, Risk Factors},
pages = {2034-2042}
}

@article{cordoliani-mackowiak_poststroke_2003,
	title = {Poststroke dementia: influence of hippocampal atrophy},
	volume = {60},
	issn = {0003-9942},
	shorttitle = {Poststroke dementia},
	doi = {10.1001/archneur.60.4.585},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of dementia is increased after stroke. Medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTLA) is associated with Alzheimer disease, and with prestroke dementia in patients who have had a stroke.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of MTLA on the long-term risk of dementia after stroke, after excluding the patients who had prestroke dementia.
METHODS: The study was conducted in 144 consecutive patients who had a stroke, who were aged 40 years or older (66 women and 78 men; median age, 72 years), and who had an Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly score lower than 104. On admission to the hospital all patients underwent a noncontrast computed tomographic scan including temporal lobe-positioned slices. A cut-off of 11.5 mm was used to differentiate patients with MTLA from those without MTLA. Patients were followed up with clinical and cognitive assessments over a 3-year period.
RESULTS: Three years after stroke, 34 patients (23.6\%) had developed new-onset dementia. The cumulative proportion of survivors without dementia was 57.6\% in patients with MTLA and 80.8\% in patients without MTLA (P =.02). The unadjusted relative risk of poststroke dementia associated with MTLA was 2.3 (95\% confidence interval, 1.1-4.7). However, using the Cox proportional hazards model, MTLA did not seem to be an independent predictor of poststroke dementia. Independent predictors of poststroke dementia were increasing age, diabetes mellitus, severity of the clinical deficit at admission, and severity of leukoaraiosis on computed tomography.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients who had a stroke and MTLA more frequently develop dementia than patients without MTLA, but our study does not suggest that MTLA independently contributes to dementia. A longer follow-up may be necessary to reevaluate the influence of MTLA.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Archives of Neurology},
	author = {Cordoliani-Mackowiak, Marie-Anne and Hénon, Hilde and Pruvo, Jean-Pierre and Pasquier, Florence and Leys, Didier},
	month = apr,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12707073},
	keywords = {Aged, Hippocampus, Humans, Dementia, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Prevalence, Risk Assessment, Temporal Lobe, Atrophy, Incidence, Risk Factors, Stroke},
	pages = {585--590}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mikami_buffers_2003,
	title = {Buffers of peer rejection among girls with and without {ADHD}: the role of popularity with adults and goal-directed solitary play.},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0091-0627},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12831228},
	abstract = {We investigated a risk-resilience model in 91 girls with ADHD and 58 age- and ethnicity-equated comparison girls, who participated in all-female naturalistic summer research camps. The hypothesized risk factor was peer rejection (assessed via sociometric nominations), with criterion measures including multiinformant composites of aggressive behavior and anxious/depressed symptoms. The two hypothesized protective factors were the girls' popularity with adult staff (assessed via staff ratings) and objective observations of goal-directed solitary play. Peer rejection was related to higher levels of aggressive behavior and depressed/anxious behavior, confirming its status as a risk factor. Next, for all girls, popularity with adults predicted lower levels of aggression and goal-directed solitary play predicted lower levels of anxiety/depression. Whereas popularity with adults was most protective among the peer-accepted subgroup, solitary play was most protective among the peer-rejected subgroup. Diagnostic status (ADHD versus comparison) moderated the findings such that engaging in meaningful solitary play was a stronger predictor of lower levels of anxious/depressed behavior in girls with ADHD than in comparison girls. We discuss the need for replication in prospective research and implications for research and intervention regarding the social functioning of peer-rejected children, particularly those with behavior disorders.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of abnormal child psychology},
	author = {Mikami, Amori Yee and Hinshaw, Stephen P},
	month = aug,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12831228},
	keywords = {Aggression, Aggression: psychology, Anxiety, Anxiety: epidemiology, Anxiety: psychology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: epi, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Child, Depression, Depression: epidemiology, Depression: psychology, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Play and Playthings, Rejection (Psychology), Risk Factors, Social Desirability, Social Isolation},
	pages = {381--97},
}

@article{schlienger_use_2002,
	title = {Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	abstract = {AIMS: Aspirin decreases the risk of clinical manifestations of atherothrombosis. This effect is mainly due to inhibition of platelet aggregation and potentially due to anti-inflammatory properties of aspirin. To evaluate whether use of non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be associated with a decreased risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction (AMI), we performed a population-based case-control analysis using the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD) METHODS: We identified first-time AMI-patients free of preexisting diagnosed cardiovascular or metabolic diseases. We compared use of NSAIDs prior to the index date between cases and control patients who were matched to cases on age, gender, practice and calendar time.
RESULTS: A total of 3319 cases ({\textless}or=75 years) with a diagnosis of first-time AMI between 1992 and 1997 and 13139 controls (matched to cases on age, sex, general practice attended, calendar time, years of prior history in the GPRD) were included. Overall, the relative risk estimate of AMI (adjusted for smoking, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy and aspirin) in current NSAID users was 1.17 (95\% CI 0.99, 1.37). Long-term current NSAID use ({\textgreater}or=30 prescriptions) yielded an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95\% CI 0.94, 1.55). Stratification by age ({\textless}65 years vs{\textgreater}or=65 years) and sex did not materially change the results.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that current NSAID exposure in patients free of diagnosed cardiovascular or metabolic conditions predisposing to cardiovascular diseases does not decrease the risk of AMI.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Schlienger, Raymond G. and Jick, Hershel and Meier, Christoph R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12236854},
	pmcid = {PMC1874430},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors},
	pages = {327--332}
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{leroy_o_HOSPITALACQUIRED_2002,
title = {Hospital-acquired pneumonia: microbiological data and potential adequacy of antimicrobial regimens},
volume = {20},
issn = {0903-1936},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12212978},
DOI = {10.1183/09031936.02.00267602},
Language = {English},
Journal = {Eur. Resp. J.},
author = {{Leroy O} and {Giradie P} and {Yazdanpanah Y} and {Georges H} and {Alfandari S} and {Sanders V} and {Devos P} and {Beaucaire G}},
year = {2002},
keywords = {Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use*, Cross Infection/drug therapy*, Cross Infection/etiology, Cross Infection/microbiology*, Female, Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*, Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification*, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Pneumonia/drug therapy*, Pneumonia/etiology, Pneumonia/microbiology*, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors},
pages = {432-439}
}

@article{leroy_hospital-acquired_2002,
	title = {Hospital-acquired pneumonia: microbiological data and potential adequacy of antimicrobial regimens.},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {0903-1936 0903-1936},
	abstract = {Adequate antimicrobial therapy is a main approach employed to decrease the mortality associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). All methods that optimise empirical treatment without increasing antibiotic selective pressure are relevant. Categorisation of patients according to HAP time of onset, severity and risk factors (American Thoracic Society (ATS) classification) or duration of mechanical ventilation and prior antibiotics (Trouillet's classification) are two such methods. The aim of this study was to catagorise patients with HAP according to these classifications and to determine the frequency of resistant pathogens and the most adequate antimicrobial regimens in each group. A total 124 patients  with bacteriologically proven HAP were studied. The ATS classification categorised patients by increasing frequency of resistant pathogens from 0-30.3\%. The ATS empirical antibiotic recommendations appeared valid but proposed combinations including vancomycin for 72.5\% of patients. Trouillet's classification categorised patients into four groups with a frequency of resistant pathogens from 4.9-35.6\%. Vancomycin was proposed for 48.5\% of patients. The American Thoracic Society classification appears to be more specific than Trouillet's for predicting the absence of resistant causative pathogens in hospital-acquired pneumonia but could lead to a greater use of vancomycin. Stratification combining the two classifications is an interesting alternative.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {The European respiratory journal},
	author = {Leroy, O. and Giradie, P. and Yazdanpanah, Y. and Georges, H. and Alfandari, S. and Sanders, V. and Devos, P. and Beaucaire, G.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12212978},
	keywords = {Humans, Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use, Female, Aged, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Time Factors, Cross Infection/*drug therapy/etiology/*microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria/*drug effects/*isolation \& purification, Pneumonia/*drug therapy/etiology/*microbiology},
	pages = {432--439}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {What is the Birth Defect Risk Associated With Consanguineous Marriages ?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Consanguinity,Abnormalities/*genetics,Child,Female,Human,Infant,Male,Preschool,Risk Factors},
 pages = {70-71},
 volume = {109},
 id = {f8021355-3e47-3c4b-b4f4-b8bb58d6fc41},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:00.462Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:00.784Z},
 tags = {04/11/22},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>        <m:bold>From Duplicate 1 ( </m:bold>        <m:bold>          </m:bold><m:bold><m:italic>What is the birth defect risk associated with consanguineous marriages?</m:italic></m:bold><m:bold>        </m:bold>        <m:bold> - Zlotogora, J )<m:linebreak/>        </m:bold>        <m:linebreak/>Case Reports<m:linebreak/>Letter<m:linebreak/>        <m:linebreak/>      </m:note>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zlotogora, Joël},
 journal = {American journal of medical genetics},
 number = {1}
}

@article{garcia_rodriguez_risk_2001,
	title = {The risk of upper gastrointestinal complications associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, acetaminophen, and combinations of these agents},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {1465-9905},
	doi = {10.1186/ar146},
	abstract = {Most anti-inflammatory drugs have been associated with an increased risk of serious upper gastrointestinal complications. Epidemiological studies have estimated the magnitude of the risk for specific anti-inflammatory drugs. The risk of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding or perforation increases around twofold with use of oral steroids or low dose aspirin, and increases around fourfold with use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Acetaminophen at daily doses of 2000 mg and higher has also been associated with an increased risk. Overall, the risk is dose dependent and is greater with more than one anti-inflammatory drug taken simultaneously. Hence, whenever possible, anti-inflammatory drugs should be given in monotherapy and at the lowest effective dose in order to reduce the risk of serious upper gastrointestinal complications.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Arthritis Research},
	author = {Garcia Rodríguez, L. A. and Hernández-Díaz, S.},
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11178116},
	pmcid = {PMC128885},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Drug Therapy, Combination, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Risk Factors},
	pages = {98--101}
}

@article{
 title = {Differences in disease frequency between Europeans and Polynesians: directions for future research into genetic risk factors},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/ethnology/gen,Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/ethnology/genet,Comparative Study,Cross-Sectional Studies,Ethnic Groups/*genetics,Europe,Female,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*ethnology,Human,Male,Mental Disorders/epidemiology/ethnology/genetics,Neoplasms/epidemiology/ethnology/genetics,Polynesia,Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/ethnolog,Risk Factors,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {129-56.},
 volume = {8},
 id = {d2b1e45e-388c-3f80-aade-5bb60895ae60},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:59.928Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:00.074Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Academic</m:note>},
 abstract = {The purpose of this review is to identify complex genetic diseases that might be common in Polynesian ethnic groups because of a high frequency of susceptibility genes. Since a number of Polynesian ethnic groups are descended from recent founder populations, they may be especially suitable for studies designed to identify these genes. We have reviewed the epidemiological literature looking for diseases that i) have a higher frequency in at least two Polynesian groups than in Europeans living in the same geographic areas, ii) are not at high frequency in Polynesia entirely because of high levels of known environmental risk factors, and iii) are known to be inherited in other ethnic groups. Twenty-one diseases fulfilling these three criteria were identified. It may be possible to design studies to identify the genes that cause these diseases in Polynesian ethnic groups.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Abbott, W and Scragg, R and Marbrook, J},
 journal = {Pac Health Dialog},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {After BRCA1 and BRCA2-what next? Multifactorial segregation analyses of three-generation, population-based Australian families affected by female breast cancer},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Factors,Age of Onset,Australia,BRCA1 Protein/*genetics,BRCA2 Protein,Breast Neoplasms/*genetics,Cohort Studies,Family Health,Female,Heterozygote,Human,Male,Models, Genetic,Molecular Sequence Data,Mutation,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Pedigree,Probability,Risk Factors,Statistics,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {420-31.},
 volume = {68},
 id = {23f12ce0-3889-312a-be6e-926c320ad4f9},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:18.919Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:19.048Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 that cause a dominantly inherited high risk of female breast cancer seem to explain only a small proportion of the aggregation of the disease. To study the possible additional genetic components, we conducted single-locus and two-locus segregation analyses, with and without a polygenic background, using three-generation families ascertained through 858 women with breast cancer diagnosed at age <40 years, ascertained through population cancer registries in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Extensive testing for deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, to date, has identified 34 carriers. Our analysis suggested that, after other possible unmeasured familial factors are adjusted for and the known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are excluded, there appears to be a residual dominantly inherited risk of female breast cancer in addition to that derived from mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. This study also suggests that there is a substantial recessively inherited risk of early-onset breast cancer. According to the best-fitting model, after excluding known carriers of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, about 1/250 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1/500 to 1/125) women have a recessive risk of 86% (95% CI 69%-100%) by age 50 years and of almost 100% by age 60 years. Possible reasons that our study has implicated a novel strong recessive effect include our inclusion of data on lineal aunts and grandmothers, study of families ascertained through women with early-onset breast cancer, allowance for multiple familial factors in the analysis, and removal of families for whom the cause (i.e., BRCA1 or BRCA2) is known. Our findings may have implications for attempts to identify new breast cancer-susceptibility genes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cui, J and Antoniou, A C and Dite, G S and Southey, M C and Venter, D J and Easton, D F and Giles, G G and McCredie, M R and Hopper, J L},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {2}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{duhamel_social_2001,
	title = {Social and health status of arrivals in a {French} prison: a consecutive case study from 1989 to 1995},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0398-7620},
	shorttitle = {Social and health status of arrivals in a {French} prison},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427826},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND

To assess the demographic, socioeconomic and health status of male arrivals in French jails and to analyze the time trends of these characteristics.


METHODS

The study was carried out in a prison for detained persons and short term prisoners. Using a standardized questionnaire, we recorded the characteristics of all male detainees and prisoners arriving in the prison between 1989 and 1995. The information collected concerned: demographic data, level of education and professional status, reasons for detention or imprisonment, social and family background, lifestyle, medical and psychiatric history, suicide attempts and illicit use of drugs. The characteristics of the study population were compared with those found in the general regional population. We analyzed developing trends in the health status of the prison population as well as their socio-economic profile over a period of seven years (1989 to 1995).


RESULTS

A total of 14,785 questionnaires were analyzed. Of the study population, 56\% had no professional qualification, and 62\% was unemployed. About two-thirds of the inmates presented psychiatric problems or problems with illicit drug use (one or several drugs). Amongst these, 70\% had not had any form of care -neither therapeutic nor educational- before their arrival in prison. Between 1989 and 1995, the proportion of drug users increased by 30\%. A parallel increase was observed in the level of unemployment and in the frequency of mental problems.


CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest a need for therapeutic and educational care to be provided for prison inmates. This poses a problem which needs to be addressed in terms of public health. The study also illustrates the usefulness of a standardised questionnaire for each arrival. The systematic use of such a tool would make it possible to identify inmates'needs and to propose adapted care solutions.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2012-05-10},
	journal = {Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique},
	author = {Duhamel, A and Renard, J M and Nuttens, M C and Devos, P and Beuscart, R and Archer, E},
	month = jun,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11427826},
	keywords = {*Health Status, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Crime, Crime/statistics \& numerical data/trends, Educational Status, Family, Family/psychology, France, France/epidemiology, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Style, Male, Marital Status, Marital Status/statistics \& numerical data, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology, Middle Aged, Needs Assessment, Occupations, Occupations/statistics \& numerical data, Prisoners, Prisoners/education/psychology/*statistics \& numerical data, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Substance-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted, Suicide, Attempted/statistics \& numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires},
	pages = {229--238},
}

@article{van_staa_oral_2000,
	title = {Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk: relationship to daily and cumulative doses},
	volume = {39},
	issn = {1462-0324},
	shorttitle = {Oral corticosteroids and fracture risk},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of daily and cumulative oral corticosteroid doses on the risk of fractures.
METHODS: Information was obtained from the General Practice Research Database, which contains medical records of general practitioners in England and Wales. The study included 244 235 oral corticosteroid users and 244 235 controls.
RESULTS: Patients taking higher doses (at least 7. 5 mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent) had significantly increased risks of non-vertebral fracture [relative rate (RR)=1.44, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.54], hip fracture (RR=2.21, 95\% CI 1.85-2.64) and vertebral fracture (RR=2.83, 95\% CI 2.35-2.40) relative to patients using oral corticosteroids at lower doses (less than 2.5 mg per day). Fracture risk was also elevated among people with higher cumulative exposure to oral corticosteroids over the study period, but this effect was almost wholly removed by adjustment for daily dose, age, gender and other confounding variables.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the adverse skeletal effects of oral corticosteroids manifest rapidly and are related to daily dose. The level of previous exposure to oral corticosteroids was not a strong determinant of the risk of fracture. Preventive measures against corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis should therefore be instituted as soon after the commencement of glucocorticoid therapy as possible.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)},
	author = {van Staa, T. P. and Leufkens, H. G. and Abenhaim, L. and Zhang, B. and Cooper, C.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11136882},
	keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adult, Aged, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Registries, Risk Factors},
	pages = {1383--1389}
}

@article{jick_risk_2000-1,
	title = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995: cohort and case-control analysis},
	volume = {321},
	issn = {0959-8138},
	shorttitle = {Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of third generation oral contraceptives compared with users of oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel before and after 1995},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism among women taking third generation oral contraceptives (with gestodene or desogestrel) with that among women taking oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
DESIGN: Cohort and case-control analyses derived from the General Practice Research Database.
SETTING: UK general practices, January 1993 to December 1999.
PARTICIPANTS: Women aged 15-39 taking third generation oral contraceptives or oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative incidence (cohort study) and odds ratios (case-control study) as measures of the relative risk of venous thromboembolism.
RESULTS: The adjusted estimates of relative risk for venous thromboembolism associated with third generation oral contraceptives compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel was 1.9 (95\% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.8) in the cohort analysis and 2.3 (1.3 to 3.9) in the case-control study. The estimates for the two types of oral contraceptives were similar before and after the warning issued by the Committee on Safety of Medicines in October 1995. A shift away from the use of third generation oral contraceptives after the scare was more pronounced among younger women (who have a lower risk of venous thromboembolism) than among older women. Fewer cases of venous thromboembolism occurred in 1996 and later than would have been expected if the use of oral contraceptives had remained unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previously reported studies, which found that compared with oral contraceptives with levonorgestrel, third generation oral contraceptives are associated with around twice the risk of venous thromboembolism.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7270},
	journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
	author = {Jick, H. and Kaye, J. A. and Vasilakis-Scaramozza, C. and Jick, S. S.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {11073511},
	pmcid = {PMC27524},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies, Contraceptives, Oral, Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic, Female, Humans, Levonorgestrel, Odds Ratio, Risk Factors, Smoking, Thromboembolism, Time Factors},
	pages = {1190--1195}
}

@article{hubbard_adult_2000,
	title = {Adult height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a case-control study using the {UK} general practice research database},
	volume = {55},
	issn = {0040-6376},
	shorttitle = {Adult height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The reasons why cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has emerged as a new clinical entity during the second half of the 20th century are unclear. Some environmental exposures have been identified as potential risk factors including occupational dust, cigarette smoking and antidepressants, but there have been no studies of the role of early life exposures. Since adult height reflects, in part, early life experience, we have examined the relation between adult height and the risk of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
METHODS: A case-control study of 569 cases and 3669 age, sex, and community matched controls drawn from the UK General Practice Research Database was undertaken.
RESULTS: Evidence was found of an inverse association between quintile of height and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (odds ratio (OR) per increase in height quintile 0.93, 95\% CI 0.86 to 0.99). This association was not diminished by adjustment for smoking status (OR 0.93, 95\% CI 0.87 to 1.00), but some minor attenuation did occur after adjustment for oral corticosteroid use (OR 0.94, 95\% CI 0.88 to 1.02). There was a significant interaction with sex such that the effect of height was strong in women (OR 0.85, 95\% CI 0.75 to 0.97) and absent in men (OR 1.00, 95\% CI 0.91 to 1.09).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings raise the possibility that early life exposures may be important in determining the lifetime risk of developing cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Thorax},
	author = {Hubbard, R. and Venn, A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2000},
	pmid = {10992540},
	pmcid = {PMC1745612},
	keywords = {Aged, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Databases, Factual, Female, Glucocorticoids, Great Britain, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Risk Factors, Smoking},
	pages = {864--866}
}

@article{
 title = {Familial cancer risks to offspring from mothers with 2 primary breast cancers: leads to cancer syndromes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescence,Adult,Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics,Child,Child, Preschool,Databases, Factual,Family Health,Female,Human,Incidence,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Male,Middle Age,Mothers,Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology/*genetics,Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics,Risk Factors,Socioeconomic Factors,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sweden/epidemiology},
 pages = {87-91.},
 volume = {88},
 id = {588e6ac8-7072-3509-b985-6895b25455d2},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:44.036Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:44.218Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse the risk of cancer among the offspring of bilateral breast cancer patients. We studied 4,734 such mothers who had 9,391 offspring, of whom 328 presented with a primary cancer in the years 1958-1996. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were increased for breast [SIR 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-3.59], ovarian (SIR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.05) and anogenital (SIR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.63) cancers and childhood sarcomas (SIR 9.39, 95% CI 1.93-29.13). Additionally, squamous-cell skin cancer was increased among sons and all childhood cancers among daughters. When analysed by histological type, adenocarcinomas of the breast and ovary, all squamous-cell carcinomas and tumours at glandular epithelium (seminomas and intestinal carcinoids) were increased. Mothers with bilateral breast cancer had an excess of 2 or more children with cancer. The increased risk of ovarian cancer is consistent with germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, while the risk of soft tissue and bone sarcomas may reflect the association of these tumours with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The increases in squamous-cell carcinomas at many sites may reflect a new susceptibility syndrome.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hemminki, K and Vaittinen, P and Easton, D},
 journal = {Int J Cancer},
 number = {1}
}

@article{carlomagno_determination_1999,
	title = {Determination of the frequency of the common {657Del5} {Nijmegen} breakage syndrome mutation in the {German} population: no association with risk of breast cancer},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1045-2257},
	shorttitle = {Determination of the frequency of the common {657Del5} {Nijmegen} breakage syndrome mutation in the {German} population},
	abstract = {Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive chromosomal instability syndrome characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and cancer predisposition. It shares a number of features with the Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) syndrome: the most notable are high sensitivity to ionizing radiation and predisposition to cancer. Recently, the gene responsible for NBS has been identified on chromosome band 8q21. It encodes a DNA double-strand break repair protein, named Nibrin. A truncating 5-bp deletion (657Del5) has been identified in 90\% of NBS patients and this is presumed to be of Slavic origin. There is evidence that heterozygous AT mutation carriers are predisposed to breast cancer. Since the NBS phenotype at the cellular level is very similar to AT, we have screened 477 German breast cancer patients, aged under 51 years, and 866 matched controls for the common NBS mutation. We have identified one carrier among the cases and one among the controls, indicating that the population frequency of this NBS mutation is 1 in 866 people (95\% CI = 1 in 34,376 to 1 in 156) and the estimated prevalence of NBS is thus 1 in 3 million people. The proportion of breast cancer attributable to this mutation is less than 1\%. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25:393-395, 1999.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Genes, Chromosomes \& Cancer},
	author = {Carlomagno, F. and Chang-Claude, J. and Dunning, A. M. and Ponder, B. A.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {Breast Neoplasms, Cell Cycle Proteins, Chromosome Breakage, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8, Fibrinogens, Abnormal, Germany, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Risk Factors, Sequence Deletion, Syndrome},
	pages = {393--395},
}

@article{launer_rates_1999,
	title = {Rates and risk factors for dementia and {Alzheimer}'s disease: results from {EURODEM} pooled analyses},
	volume = {52},
	doi = {10/b263},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of AD associated with a family history of dementia, female gender, low levels of education, smoking, and head trauma. BACKGROUND: These putative factors have been identified in cross-sectional studies. However, those studies are prone to bias due to systematic differences between patients and control subjects regarding survival and how risk factors are recalled. METHODS: The authors performed a pooled analysis of four European population- based prospective studies of individuals 65 years and older, with 528 incident dementia patients and 28,768 person-years of follow-up. Patients were detected by screening the total cohort with brief cognitive tests, followed by a diagnostic assessment of those who failed the screening tests. Dementia was diagnosed with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (revised), and AD was diagnosed according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Incident rates and relative risk (95\% CI) express the association of a risk factor for dementia. RESULTS: Incident rates for dementia and AD were similar across studies. The incidence of AD increased with age. At 90 years of age and older the incidence was 63.5 (95\% CI, 49.7 to 81.0) per 1,000 person-years. Female gender, current smoking (more strongly in men), and low levels of education (more strongly in women) increased the risk of AD significantly. A history of head trauma with unconsciousness and family history of dementia did not increase risk significantly. CONCLUSION: Contrary to previous reports, head trauma was not a risk factor for AD, and smoking did not protect against AD. The association of family history with the risk of AD is weaker than previously estimated on the basis of cross-sectional studies. Female gender may modify the risk of AD, whether it be via biological or behavioral factors.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Neurology},
	author = {Launer, L.J. and Andersen, K. and Dewey, M.E. and Letenneur, L. and Ott, A. and Amaducci, L.A. and Brayne, C. and Copeland, J.R. and Dartigues, J.F. and Kragh-Sorensen, P. and Lobo, A. and Martinez-Lage, J.M. and Stijnen, T. and Hofman, A.},
	year = {1999},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease/*epidemiology, Europe/epidemiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Human, Incidence, Male, Risk Factors, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
	pages = {78--84},
}

@article{hippisley-cox_are_1998,
	title = {Are spouses of patients with hypertension at increased risk of having hypertension? {A} population-based case-control study},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0960-1643},
	shorttitle = {Are spouses of patients with hypertension at increased risk of having hypertension?},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies of couples, who tend to share an environment but are genetically dissimilar, can shed light on the contribution of environmental factors to hypertension. There has been renewed interest in these environmental factors following the re-analysis of the INTERSALT study.
AIM: To determine whether patients whose spouses have hypertension are at increased risk of hypertension, using a population-based case-control study.
METHOD: The total study population consisted of all 3923 patients over 30 years old registered with one general practice. Male cases with hypertension were matched to male controls without hypertension. Female cases with hypertension were matched to female controls without hypertension. The variables were: diagnosed hypertension; having a spouse with diagnosed hypertension; age; sex; weight; height; body-mass index; couple status; diabetes; and systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.
RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, when age, body-mass index, diabetes, couple status, and having a blood pressure reading were included, men whose spouses had hypertension had a two-fold increased risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.24; 95\% CI 1.77-2.72; P = 0.001). Similarly, on multivariate analysis, women whose spouses had hypertension had a two-fold increased risk of hypertension (adjusted OR = 2.23; 95\% CI 1.75-2.72; P = 0.001). The risk for both male and female subjects persisted after adjustment for other variables. There was a significant correlation between systolic (r = 0.41; P {\textless} 0.0001) and diastolic (r = 0.25; P {\textless} 0.0001) blood pressures between spouse pairs.
CONCLUSION: The independent association between having a spouse with hypertension and increased risk of hypertension supports the view that there are significant environmental factors in the aetiology of hypertension. The finding has implications for the screening and treatment of hypertension in primary care.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {434},
	journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
	author = {Hippisley-Cox, J. and Pringle, M.},
	month = sep,
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9830183},
	pmcid = {PMC1313221},
	keywords = {Adult, Analysis of Variance, Case-Control Studies, England, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Rural Health, Spouses},
	pages = {1580--1583}
}

@article{jick_risk_1995,
	title = {The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	abstract = {Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Jick, H. and Myers, M. W. and Dean, A. D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {7624265},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agranulocytosis, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Infant, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Male, Mesalamine, Middle Aged, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Risk Factors, Sulfasalazine},
	pages = {176--181}
}

@article{sagie_improved_1992,
	title = {An improved method for adjusting the {QT} interval for heart rate (the {Framingham} {Heart} {Study})},
	volume = {70},
	issn = {0002-9149},
	abstract = {Several formulas have been proposed to adjust the QT interval for heart rate, the most commonly used being the QT correction formula (QTc = QT/square root of RR) proposed in 1920 by Bazett. The QTc formula was derived from observations in only 39 young subjects. Recently, the adequacy of Bazett's formula has been questioned. To evaluate the heart rate QT association, the QT interval was measured on the initial baseline electrocardiogram of 5,018 subjects (2,239 men and 2,779 women) from the Framingham Heart Study with a mean age of 44 years (range 28 to 62). Persons with coronary artery disease were excluded. A linear regression model was developed for correcting QT according to RR cycle length. The large sample allowed for subdivision of the population into sex-specific deciles of RR intervals and for comparison of QT, Bazett's QTc and linear corrected QT (QTLC). The mean RR interval was 0.81 second (range 0.5 to 1.47) heart rate 74 beats/min (range 41 to 120), and mean QT was 0.35 second (range 0.24 to 0.49) in men and 0.36 second (range 0.26 to 0.48) in women. The linear regression model yielded a correction formula (for a reference RR interval of 1 second): QTLC = QT + 0.154 (1-RR) that applies for men and women. This equation corrects QT more reliably than the Bazett's formula, which overcorrects the QT interval at fast heart rates and undercorrects it at low heart rates. Lower and upper limits of normal QT values in relation to RR were generated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {The American journal of cardiology},
	author = {Sagie, A and Larson, M G and Goldberg, R J and Bengtson, J R and Levy, D},
	month = sep,
	year = {1992},
	pmid = {1519533},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Electrocardiography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Massachusetts, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors},
	pages = {797--801}
}

@article{englund_risk_2004,
	title = {Risk factors for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis fifteen to twenty-two years after meniscectomy},
	volume = {50},
	issn = {0004-3591},
	doi = {10.1002/art.20489},
	abstract = {{OBJECTIVE}: To evaluate the influence of age, sex, body mass index ({BMI}), extent of meniscal resection, cartilage status, and knee load on the development of radiographically evident osteoarthritis ({OA}) of the knee and knee symptoms after meniscal resection.
{METHODS}: We evaluated 317 patients with no cruciate ligament injury (mean +/- {SD} age 54 +/- 11 years) who had undergone meniscal resection 15-22 years earlier (followup rate 70\%), with radiographic and clinical examination. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was used to quantify knee-related symptoms. Sixty-eight unoperated subjects identified from national population records were included as a reference group.
{RESULTS}: Symptomatic radiographic {OA} (corresponding to Kellgren/Lawrence grade {\textgreater} or =2) was present in 83 of 305 operated knees (27\%) and 7 of 68 control knees (10\%) (relative risk 2.6, 95\% confidence interval [95\% {CI}] 1.3-6.1). Patients who had undergone total meniscectomy and subjects with obesity ({BMI} {\textgreater} or =30) had a greater likelihood of tibiofemoral radiographic {OA} than those who had undergone partial meniscal resection and those with a {BMI} {\textless}25, respectively. Furthermore, degenerative meniscal tear, intraoperative cartilage changes, and lateral meniscectomy were associated with radiographic {OA} more frequently than were longitudinal tear, absence of cartilage changes, and medial meniscectomy, respectively. Symptomatic tibiofemoral or patellofemoral radiographic {OA} was associated with obesity, female sex, and degenerative meniscal tear.
{CONCLUSION}: Contributing risk factors for {OA} development after meniscal resection are similar to risk factors for common knee {OA}. Systemic factors and local biomechanical factors interact. Obesity, female sex, and preexisting early-stage {OA} are features associated with poor self-reported and radiographic outcome. Partial meniscal resection is associated with less radiographic {OA} over time than is total meniscectomy.},
	pages = {2811--2819},
	number = {9},
	journaltitle = {Arthritis and Rheumatism},
	shortjournal = {Arthritis Rheum.},
	author = {Englund, M. and Lohmander, L. S.},
	date = {2004-09},
	pmid = {15457449},
	keywords = {Aged, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Male, Menisci, Tibial, Middle Aged, Obesity, Orthopedic Procedures, Osteoarthritis, Knee, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Time Factors}
}