@article{fitzpatrick_report_2023,
	title = {Report of the {WHO} technical consultation on the evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus prevention cost effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries, {April} 7-8, 2022},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {1873-2518},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.040},
	abstract = {Policymakers often rely on impact and cost-effectiveness evaluations to inform decisions about the introduction of health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, cost-effectiveness results for the same health intervention can differ by the choice of parameter inputs, modelling assumptions, and geography. Anticipating the near-term availability of new respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prevention products, WHO convened a two-day virtual consultation in April 2022 with stakeholder groups and global experts in health economics, epidemiology, and vaccine implementation. The objective was to review methods, parameterization, and results of existing cost-effectiveness analyses for RSV prevention in LMICs; identify the most influential inputs and data limitations; and recommend and prioritize future data gathering and research to improve RSV prevention impact estimates in LMICs. Epidemiological parameters identified as both influential and uncertain were those associated with RSV hospitalization and death, specifically setting-specific hospitalization rates and RSV-attributable death rates. Influential economic parameters included product price, delivery costs, willingness-to-pay for health on the part of potential donors, and the cost of RSV-associated hospitalization. Some of the influential parameters identified at this meeting should be more precisely measured by further research. Other influential economic parameters that are highly uncertain may not be resolved, and it is appropriate to use sensitivity analyses to explore these within cost-effectiveness evaluations. This report highlights the presentations and major discussions of the meeting.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {48},
	journal = {Vaccine},
	author = {Fitzpatrick, Meagan C. and Laufer, Rachel S. and Baral, Ranju and Driscoll, Amanda J. and Feikin, Daniel R. and Fleming, Jessica A. and Jit, Mark and Kim, Sonnie and Koltai, Mihaly and Li, You and Li, Xiao and Nair, Harish and Neuzil, Kathleen M. and Pecenka, Clint and Sparrow, Erin and Srikantiah, Padmini and Ortiz, Justin R.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2023},
	pmid = {37777450},
	pmcid = {PMC10680976},
	keywords = {Humans, Infant, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Developing Countries, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Referral and Consultation, Hospitalization, World Health Organization, Cost effectiveness, Global health, Monoclonal antibody, Respiratory syncytial virus, Vaccine},
	pages = {7047--7059},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{lee_neurodevelopmental_2019,
	title = {Neurodevelopmental {Outcomes} of {Children} {Born} to {Opioid}-{Dependent} {Mothers}: {A} {Systematic} {Review} and {Meta}-{Analysis}},
	issn = {18762867},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31734383},
	doi = {10.1016/j.acap.2019.11.005},
	abstract = {Background: Children born to opioid-dependent mothers are at risk of adverse neurodevelopment. The magnitude of this risk remains inconclusive. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of studies that assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes of children aged 0 to 12 years born to opioid-dependent mothers, compared with children born to nonopioid-dependent mothers, across general cognitive, language, motor, and social-emotional domains. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases. Study Eligibility Criteria: English-language publications between January 1993 and November 2018, including prenatally opioid-exposed and nonopioid-exposed comparison children, reporting outcomes data on standardized assessments. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Two reviewers independently extracted data. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were analyzed using random effects models. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Across 16 studies, individual domain outcomes data were examined for between 93 to 430 opioid-exposed and 75 to 505 nonopioid-exposed infants/children. Opioid-exposed infants and children performed more poorly than their nonopioid-exposed peers across all outcomes examined, demonstrated by lower infant cognitive (SMD = 0.77) and psychomotor scores (SMD = 0.52), lower general cognition/IQ (SMD = 0.76) and language scores (SMD = 0.65–0.74), and higher parent-rated internalizing (SMD = 0.42), externalizing (SMD = 0.66), and attention problems (SMD = 0.72). Limitations: Most studies examined early neurodevelopment; only 3 reported school-age outcomes thereby limiting the ability to assess longer-term impacts of prenatal opioid exposures. Conclusions and Implications of Findings: Children born to opioid-dependent mothers are at modest- to high-risk of adverse neurodevelopment at least to middle childhood. Future studies should identify specific clinical and social factors underlying these challenges to improve outcomes.},
	urldate = {2020-03-06},
	journal = {Academic Pediatrics},
	author = {Lee, Samantha J. and Bora, Samudragupta and Austin, Nicola C. and Westerman, Anneliese and Henderson, Jacqueline M.T.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2019},
	note = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},
	keywords = {analgesics, buprenorphine, child, child behavior, child development, cognition, heroin, infant, intelligence, language development, meta-analysis, methadone, narcotics, neurodevelopmental disorders, opiate substitution treatment, opioid, opioid-related disorders, prenatal exposure delayed effects, prenatal opioid exposure, psychomotor performance},
}

@article{mchugh_hospital_2019,
	title = {Hospital {Costs} {Related} to {Early} {Extubation} {After} {Infant} {Cardiac} {Surgery}},
	volume = {107},
	issn = {1552-6259},
	doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.10.019},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Heart Network Collaborative Learning Study (PHN CLS) increased early extubation rates after infant tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA) repair across participating sites by implementing a clinical practice guideline (CPG). The impact of the CPG on hospital costs has not been studied.
METHODS: PHN CLS clinical data were linked to cost data from Children's Hospital Association by matching on indirect identifiers. Hospital costs were evaluated across active and control sites in the pre- and post-CPG periods using generalized linear mixed-effects models. A difference-in-difference approach was used to assess whether changes in cost observed in active sites were beyond secular trends in control sites.
RESULTS: Data were successfully linked on 410 of 428 eligible patients (96\%) from four active and four control sites. Mean adjusted cost per case for TOF repair was significantly reduced in the post-CPG period at active sites (\$42,833 vs \$56,304, p {\textless} 0.01) and unchanged at control sites (\$47,007 vs \$46,476, p = 0.91), with an overall cost reduction of 27\% in active versus control sites (p = 0.03). Specific categories of cost reduced in the TOF cohort included clinical (-66\%, p {\textless} 0.01), pharmacy (-46\%, p = 0.04), lab (-44\%, p {\textless} 0.01), and imaging (-32\%, p {\textless} 0.01). There was no change in costs for CoA repair at active or control sites.
CONCLUSIONS: The early extubation CPG was associated with a reduction in hospital costs for infants undergoing repair of TOF but not CoA. This CPG represents an opportunity to both optimize clinical outcome and reduce costs for certain infant cardiac surgeries.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {The Annals of Thoracic Surgery},
	author = {McHugh, Kimberly E. and Mahle, William T. and Hall, Matthew A. and Scheurer, Mark A. and Moga, Michael-Alice and Triedman, John and Nicolson, Susan C. and Amula, Venugopal and Cooper, David S. and Schamberger, Marcus and Wolf, Michael and Shekerdemian, Lara and Burns, Kristin M. and Ash, Kathleen E. and Hipp, Dustin M. and Pasquali, Sara K. and {Pediatric Heart Network Investigators}},
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {30458158},
	pmcid = {PMC6545192},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Airway Extubation, Aortic Coarctation, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Female, Hospital Costs, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, Tetralogy of Fallot, Time Factors},
	pages = {1421--1426}
}

@article{gaies_sustainability_2019,
	title = {Sustainability of {Infant} {Cardiac} {Surgery} {Early} {Extubation} {Practices} {After} {Implementation} and {Study}},
	volume = {107},
	issn = {1552-6259},
	doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.09.024},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Heart Network Collaborative Learning Study (PHN CLS) successfully changed practice at four hospitals to increase the rate of early extubation within 6 hours after infant heart surgery. It is unknown whether this practice continued after study completion.
METHODS: We linked the PHN CLS dataset to the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry to compare outcomes at four active hospitals between the study period (post-clinical practice guideline [CPG]) and the first year after study completion (follow-up) after a 3-month washout. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were the same across eras. Primary outcome was early extubation rate after tetralogy of Fallot or aortic coarctation repair. Secondary outcomes included time to first extubation and intensive care and hospital lengths of stay.
RESULTS: There were 121 patients in the post-CPG era and 139 patients in the follow-up era with no difference in patient characteristics or operation subtypes. Post-CPG early extubation rate declined from 67\% to 30\% in follow-up (p {\textless} 0.0001); time to first extubation increased (4.5 versus 13.5 hours, p {\textless} 0.0001). One hospital maintained the rate of early extubation (72\% versus 67\%), whereas the other three hospitals had significantly lower rates in follow-up (p {\textless} 0.02 for each). Intensive care (2.8 versus 2.9 days) and postoperative hospital (6 versus 5 days) stays did not differ between eras (p {\textgreater} 0.05 for both). Findings were consistent across operation subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS: Extubation practice in the first year of follow-up after the PHN CLS reverted toward prestudy levels. One of four hospitals maintained its early extubation strategy, suggesting that specific implementation and maintenance approaches may effectively sustain impact from quality initiatives.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {The Annals of Thoracic Surgery},
	author = {Gaies, Michael and Pasquali, Sara K. and Nicolson, Susan C. and Shekerdemian, Lara and Witte, Madolin and Wolf, Michael and Zhang, Wenying and Donohue, Janet E. and Mahle, William T. and {Pediatric Heart Network Investigators}},
	year = {2019},
	pmid = {30391249},
	keywords = {Airway Extubation, Aortic Coarctation, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Clinical Protocols, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Length of Stay, Male, Postoperative Care, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Tetralogy of Fallot, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {1427--1433}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{kim_e.s._teduglutide:_2017,
	title = {Teduglutide: {A} {Review} in {Short} {Bowel} {Syndrome}},
	url = {http://rd.springer.com/journal/40265},
	abstract = {Subcutaneous teduglutide (Revestive), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue that increases intestinal absorption, is approved in the EU for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in patients aged {\textgreater}1 year who are stable following a period of postsurgical intestinal adaptation. In a phase III trial in adults with SBS intestinal failure (IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS), a significantly greater proportion of teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg/day than placebo recipients achieved a {\textgreater}20\% reduction in weekly PS volume from baseline to week 20 and maintained it to week 24. The proportion of patients who had a reduction in one or more days on PS was also significant with teduglutide compared with placebo. Improved intestinal absorption and reduced PS requirements were generally maintained in the longer term. Results from a phase III trial in paediatric patients with SBS-IF dependent on PS were consistent with those in adults. Adverse events were mostly of mild to moderate severity and generally consistent with the underlying condition or known mechanism of the drug (e.g. central line-related issues, gastrointestinal events). Teduglutide is therefore a useful treatment option in children (aged {\textgreater}1 year), adolescents and adults with SBS. Copyright © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. All Right Reserved.},
	journal = {Drugs},
	author = {{Kim E.S.} and {Keam S.J.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*short bowel syndrome, *short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], *short bowel syndrome/th [Therapy], *teduglutide, *teduglutide/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *teduglutide/dt [Drug Therapy], *teduglutide/pd [Pharmacology], *teduglutide/pk [Pharmacokinetics], *teduglutide/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration], Child, Parenteral nutrition, abdominal distension/si [Side Effect], acute cholecystitis/si [Side Effect], adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, article, catheter infection/co [Complication], central venous catheter, central venous catheter/am [Adverse Device Effect], clinical study, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, decreased appetite/si [Side Effect], disease severity, drug efficacy, drug therapy, drug tolerability, gastrointestinal dysplasia/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal polyposis/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal symptom/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal tumor/si [Side Effect], human, infant, influenza/si [Side Effect], injection site erythema/si [Side Effect], intestinal failure, intestine absorption, intestine polyp/si [Side Effect], intestine stenosis/si [Side Effect], multicenter study (topic), nonhuman, peripheral edema/si [Side Effect], pharmacodynamic parameters, phase 3 clinical trial, phase 3 clinical trial (topic), placebo, recipient, rectum polyp/si [Side Effect], rhinopharyngitis/si [Side Effect], sepsis/co [Complication], short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], side effect, stomach adenoma/si [Side Effect], systematic review, upper abdominal pain/si [Side Effect]}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{barrington_k.j._nitric_2017,
	title = {Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term},
	url = {http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-6.html},
	abstract = {Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Objectives: To determine whether treatment of hypoxaemic term and near-term newborn infants with iNO improves oxygenation and reduces rate of death and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or affects long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Search methods: We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to January 2016), Embase (1980 to January 2016) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to January 2016). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We contacted the principal investigators of studies published as abstracts to ascertain the necessary information. Selection criteria: Randomised studies of iNO in term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure, with clinically relevant outcomes, including death, use of ECMO and oxygenation. Data collection and analysis: We analysed trial reports to assess methodological quality using the criteria of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We tabulated mortality, oxygenation, short-term clinical outcomes (particularly use of ECMO) and long-term developmental outcomes. Statistics: For categorical outcomes, we calculated typical estimates for risk ratios and risk differences. For continuous variables, we calculated typical estimates for weighted mean differences. We used 95\% confidence intervals and assumed a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis. Main results: We found 17 eligible randomised controlled studies that included term and near-term infants with hypoxia. Ten trials compared iNO versus control (placebo or standard care without iNO) in infants with moderate or severe severity of illness scores (Ninos 1996; Roberts 1996; Wessel 1996; Davidson 1997; Ninos 1997; Mercier 1998; Christou 2000; Clark 2000; INNOVO 2007; Liu 2008). Mercier 1998 compared iNO versus control but allowed back-up treatment with iNO for infants who continued to satisfy the same criteria for severity of illness after two hours. This trial enrolled both preterm and term infants but reported most results separately for the two groups. Ninos 1997 studied only infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. One trial compared iNO versus high-frequency ventilation (Kinsella 1997). Six trials enrolled infants with moderate severity of illness scores (oxygenation index (OI) or alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2)) and randomised them to immediate iNO treatment or iNO treatment only after deterioration to more severe criteria (Barefield 1996; Day 1996; Sadiq 1998; Cornfield 1999; Konduri 2004; Gonzalez 2010). Inhaled nitric oxide appears to have improved outcomes in hypoxaemic term and near-term infants by reducing the incidence of the combined endpoint of death or use of ECMO (high-quality evidence). This reduction was due to a reduction in use of ECMO (with number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 5.3); mortality was not affected. Oxygenation was improved in approximately 50\% of infants receiving iNO. The OI was decreased by a (weighted) mean of 15.1 within 30 to 60 minutes after the start of therapy, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was increased by a mean of 53 mmHg. Whether infants had clear echocardiographic evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) did not appear to affect response to iNO. Outcomes of infants with diaphragmatic hernia were not improved; outcomes were slightly, but not significantly, worse with iNO (moderate-quality evidence). Infants who received iNO at less severe criteria did not have better clinical outcomes than those who were enrolled but received treatment only if their condition deteriorated. Fewer of the babies who received iNO early satisfied late treatment criteria, showing that earlier iNO reduced progression of the disease but did not further decrease mortality nor the need for ECMO (moderate-quality evidence). Incidence of disability, incidence of deafness and infant development scores were all similar between tested survivors who received iNO and those who did not. Authors' conclusions: Inhaled nitric oxide is effective at an initial concentration of 20 ppm for term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure who do not have a diaphragmatic hernia. Copyright © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
	journal = {Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews},
	author = {{Barrington K.J.} and {Finer N.} and {Pennaforte T.} and {Altit G.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*childbirth, *nitric oxide, *respiratory failure, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, arterial oxygen tension, attributable risk, cerebral palsy, child development, clinical outcome, confidence interval, congenital diaphragm hernia, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, death, deterioration, disability, disease severity, exposure, extracorporeal oxygenation, hearing impairment, high frequency ventilation, human, hypoxia, infant, infant mortality, information processing, lung vascular resistance, meta analysis, mortality, newborn, oxygen, oxygenation, partial pressure, persistent pulmonary hypertension, placebo, priority journal, randomized controlled trial, review, sensitivity analysis, statistics, survivor, systematic review, tissue oxygenation}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{totonchi_z._effect_2017,
	title = {Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on hemodynamics and stress responses in pediatric cardiac surgery: {A} randomized trial},
	url = {http://cardiovascmed.com/72535.pdf},
	abstract = {Background: Infants and children compared with adults have intensified stress responses that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Stress control reduces the incidence of complications and improves recovery. In clinical and experimental studies, dexmedetomidine reduces the inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses. Objectives: This prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted to assess the role of dexmedetomidine in reducing stress responses. Materials and Methods: According to convenient sampling method, 40 patients in two groups (case under treatment with dexmedetomidine and control, each including 20 patients) were selected from whom admitted for open heart surgery. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by fentanyl and midazolam. After central venous and arterial catheter insertion, patients were randomly allocated into one of two equal groups (n = 20 each). In the dexmedetomidine group, patients received an initial loading dose (0.5 micro g/kg) during 10 minutes immediately followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 micro g/kg. In the control group, normal saline solution with similar volume was infused. Results: Changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and central venous pressure before administration of dexmedetomidine, in 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the operation, after skin incision, after sternotomy, after separation from the pump and at the end of procedure showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.860, 0.067, 0.888 and 0.482, respectively). Changes in lactate, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein concentrations before administration of dexmedetomidine, after separation of pump and 24 hours after intensive care unit entrance showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.525, 0.767, 0.868 and 0.840, respectively). Conclusions: According to our findings, using dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant anesthetic medication with initial loading dose of 0.5 micro g/kg and maintenance dose of 0.5 micro g/kg in pediatric heart surgeries is a safe choice. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of dexmedetomidine to reduce stress responses. Copyright © 2016 Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences.},
	journal = {Research in Cardiovascular Medicine},
	author = {{Totonchi Z.} and {Rezvani H.} and {Ghorbanloo M.} and {Yazdanian F.} and {Mahdavi M.} and {Babaali N.} and {Salajegheh S.} and {Chitsazan M.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*chemical stress, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *diastolic blood pressure, *heart surgery, *hemodynamics, *infusion, *open heart surgery, *stress, Anesthesia, C reactive protein, C reactive protein/ec [Endogenous Compound], Child, adjuvant, artery catheter, article, cardiopulmonary bypass, central venous catheter, central venous pressure, clinical article, clinical trial, continuous infusion, control group, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, diastolic blood pressure, drug therapy, endogenous compound, female, fentanyl, heart rate, human, hypertension, hypotension, incidence, infant, inflammation, intensive care unit, interleukin 6, interleukin 6/ec [Endogenous Compound], lactate dehydrogenase/ec [Endogenous Compound], lactic acid, loading drug dose, lymphotoxin beta, maintenance drug dose, male, midazolam, normal human, preschool child, prospective study, randomized controlled trial, sampling, single blind procedure, skin incision, sodium chloride, sternotomy, systolic blood pressure, tumor necrosis factor/ec [Endogenous Compound]}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {A Social Media Peer Group for Mothers To Prevent Obesity from Infancy: The Grow2Gether Randomized Trial},
 type = {article},
 year = {2017},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Internet,behavior change,infant,mHealth,prevention,social media},
 pages = {chi.2017.0042},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/chi.2017.0042},
 month = {10},
 id = {c9dd90d1-e0ea-327a-84be-bcf53a9927f6},
 created = {2018-08-29T15:13:38.661Z},
 accessed = {2018-04-17},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {b29b8212-e243-391a-9ac7-cf5e1615a27c},
 group_id = {ab9f36d1-9ef7-3e1e-9174-791781e41a24},
 last_modified = {2018-08-29T15:13:38.791Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Abstract Background: Few studies have addressed obesity prevention among low-income families whose infants are at increased obesity risk. We tested a Facebook peer-group intervention for low-income mothers to foster behaviors promoting healthy infant growth. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 87 pregnant women (Medicaid insured, BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were randomized to the Grow2Gether intervention or text message appointment reminders. Grow2Gether participants joined a private Facebook group of 9–13 women from 2 months before delivery until infant age 9 months. A psychologist facilitated groups featuring a curriculum of weekly videos addressing feeding, sleep, parenting, and maternal well-being. Feasibility was assessed using the frequency and content of participation, and acceptability using surveys. Maternal beliefs and behaviors and infant growth were assessed at birth, 2, 4, 6, and 9 months. Differences in infant growth between study arms were explored. We conducted intention-to-treat analyses usi...},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Fiks, Alexander G. and Gruver, Rachel S. and Bishop-Gilyard, Chanelle T. and Shults, Justine and Virudachalam, Senbagam and Suh, Andrew W. and Gerdes, Marsha and Kalra, Gurpreet K. and DeRusso, Patricia A. and Lieberman, Alexandra and Weng, Daniel and Elovitz, Michal A. and Berkowitz, Robert I. and Power, Thomas J.},
 journal = {Childhood Obesity},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{svendsen_humanity_2017,
	title = {Humanity at the {Edge}: {The} {Moral} {Laboratory} of {Feeding} {Precarious} {Lives}.},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0165-005X},
	url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cin20&AN=123190665&site=ehost-live},
	doi = {10.1007/s11013-017-9519-x},
	abstract = {At the heart of anthropology and the social sciences lies a notion of human existence according to which humans and animals share the basic need for food, but only humans have the capacity for morality. Based on fieldwork in a pig laboratory, a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and a dementia nursing home, we follow practices of feeding precarious lives lacking most markers of human personhood, including the exercise of moral judgment. Despite the absence of such markers, laboratory researchers and caregivers in these three sites do not abstain from engaging in questions about the moral status of the piglets, infants, and people with dementia in their care. They continually negotiate how their charges belong to the human collectivity and thereby challenge the notion of 'the human' that is foundational to anthropology. Combining analytical approaches that do not operate with a fixed boundary between human and animal value and agency with approaches that focus on human experience and virtue ethics, we argue that 'the human' at stake in the moral laboratory of feeding precarious lives puts 'the human' in anthropology at disposal for moral experimentation.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Culture, Medicine \& Psychiatry},
	author = {Svendsen, Mette and Gjødsbøl, Iben and Dam, Mie and Navne, Laura and Svendsen, Mette N and Gjødsbøl, Iben M and Dam, Mie S and Navne, Laura E},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Place: ,
Publisher: Springer Nature},
	keywords = {*Personhood, *Value of Life, Animal Experimentation, Animal Experimentation/ethics, Animal experimentation, Animals, Caregivers, Dementia, Dementia -- Therapy, Dementia care, Dementia/therapy, Economic Value of Life, Experimental Laboratories, Human personhood, Humans, Individuality, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal -- Ethical Issues, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/ethics, Moral laboratory, Morality, Multi-species, Neonatal Intensive Care, Neonatal intensive care, Nursing Homes, Personhood, Personhood*, Pigs, Value of Life, Value of Life*, animal experimentation, dementia care, human personhood, moral laboratory, multi-species, neonatal intensive care},
	pages = {202--223},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{van_boetzelaer_e._universal_2017,
	title = {Universal versus conditional three-day follow up visit for children with uncomplicated fever at the community level: {Design} of a cluster-randomized, community-based, non-inferiority trial in {Tanganyika}, {Democratic} {Republic} of {Congo}},
	url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpediatr/},
	abstract = {Background: The current recommendation within integrated Community Case Management guidelines that all children presenting with uncomplicated fever and no danger signs be followed up after three days may not be necessary. Such fevers often resolve rapidly (usually within 48-96 h), and previous studies suggest that expectant home care for uncomplicated fever can be safely recommended. We aim to determine the non-inferiority of a conditional versus a universal follow-up visit for these children. Methods: We are conducting a cluster-randomized, community-based, non-inferiority trial enrolling {\textasciitilde}4300 children (ages 2-59 months) presenting to community health workers (CHWs) with uncomplicated fever in Tanganyika Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Clusters (n = 28) of CHWs are randomized to advise caretakers of such children to either 1) return for a follow-up visit on Day 3 following the initial consultation (Day 1), regardless of illness resolution (as per current guidelines) or 2) return for a follow-up visit on Day 3 only if the child's signs have not resolved. Enrolled children are followed up at Day 7 for a repeat assessment and recording of the primary outcome of the study, "failure", which is defined as having fever, diarrhea, pneumonia or decline of health status (e.g. hospitalization, presenting danger signs, or death). Discussion: The results of this trial will be interpreted in conjunction with a similarly designed trial currently ongoing in Ethiopia. If a follow-up visit conditional on continued illness is shown to be non-inferior to current guidelines stipulating universal follow-up, appropriate updating of such guidelines could reduce time and human resource pressures on both providers and caregivers throughout communities of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02595827) on November 2nd, 2015 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).},
	journal = {BMC Pediatrics},
	author = {{van Boetzelaer E.} and {Ho L.S.} and {Gutman J.R.} and {Steinhardt L.C.} and {Wittcoff A.} and {Barbera Y.} and {Ngoy P.} and {Harvey S.A.} and {Mullany L.C.}},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {*Democratic Republic Congo, *Tanzania, *case management, *conditional three day follow up visit, *fever, *follow up, *health auxiliary, *pediatrics, *registration, *uncomplicated fever, *universal follow up visit, Child, Democratic Republic Congo, Ethiopia, South Asia, arm circumference, article, caregiver, clinical assessment, clinical protocol, clinical trial, consultation, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, death, diarrhea, feedback system, female, health auxiliary, health status, hospitalization, human, infant, information processing, major clinical study, male, midupper upper arm circumference, mortality, outcome assessment, patient monitoring, pneumonia, practice guideline, preschool child, quality control, randomization, randomized controlled trial, sample size, study design}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{stowe_risk_2016,
	title = {The risk of intussusception following monovalent rotavirus vaccination in {England}: {A} self-controlled case-series evaluation},
	volume = {34},
	issn = {0264-410X 1873-2518},
	url = {http://www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=emed17&NEWS=N&AN=610760922},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.050},
	abstract = {Objective To investigate the risk of intussusception after monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) given to infants aged 2 and 3 months in England. Methods Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) were used to identify infants aged 48-183 days admitted between 11/03/2013 and 31/10/2014 with intussusception. Diagnosis was confirmed from medical records and HES procedure codes. Vaccination status was obtained from general practitioners. The risk of admission within 1-7 and 8-21 days of vaccination was analysed using the self-controlled case-series (SCCS) method with age effect adjustment by including historical data before RVI introduction in July 2013. Results A total of 119 cases were identified during the study period and intussusception confirmed in 95 of whom 39 were vaccinated 1-21 days before onset. An increased relative incidence (RI) in this period was found, 4.53 (95\% confidence interval 2.34-8.58) and 2.60 (1.43-4.81) respectively after the 1st and 2nd doses with an attributable risk of 1.91 and 1.49 per 100,000 doses respectively. The peak risk was 1-7 days after the first dose, RI 13.81 (6.44-28.32), with an estimated 93\% of the 15 cases being vaccine-attributable. Mean interval between onset and admission, and clinical features were similar between vaccine-associated and background cases. Despite intussusception being a contraindication to rotavirus vaccination, 10 infants received a further dose; none had a recurrence. The RIs in a meta-analysis combing our results with Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Singapore using RV1, a 2, 4 month schedule and SCCS gave pooled RI estimates of 2.35 (1.45-3.8) and 1.77 (1.29-2.43) in the 21 day period after the 1st and 2nd doses, respectively. The earlier age at the 2nd dose in England did not affect the risk. Conclusion We estimate that the RVI programme causes around 21 intussusception admissions annually in England but, since it prevents around 25,000 gastro-intestinal infection admissions, its benefit/risk profile remains strongly positive.Copyright © 2016},
	language = {English},
	number = {32},
	journal = {Vaccine},
	author = {Stowe, J. and Andrews, N. and Ladhani, S. and Miller, E.},
	year = {2016},
	keywords = {*Rotavirus vaccine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *Rotavirus vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy], *intussusception/si [Side Effect], *vaccination, England, article, attributable risk, clinical feature, drug contraindication, female, follow up, hospital admission, human, incidence, infant, intestine infection/dt [Drug Therapy], intestine infection/pc [Prevention], intussusception/si [Side Effect], major clinical study, male, priority journal, recurrent disease, risk assessment, risk benefit analysis},
	pages = {3684--3689},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bobb_bayesian_2015,
	title = {Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1468-4357},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25532525/},
	doi = {10.1093/BIOSTATISTICS/KXU058},
	abstract = {Because humans are invariably exposed to complex chemical mixtures, estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant exposures is of critical concern in environmental epidemiology, and to regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, most health effects studies focus on single agents or consider simple two-way interaction models, in part because we lack the statistical methodology to more realistically capture the complexity of mixed exposures. We introduce Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) as a new approach to study mixtures, in which the health outcome is regressed on a flexible function of the mixture (e.g. air pollution or toxic waste) components that is specified using a kernel function. In high-dimensional settings, a novel hierarchical variable selection approach is incorporated to identify important mixture components and account for the correlated structure of the mixture. Simulation studies demonstrate the success of BKMR in estimating the exposure-response function and in identifying the individual components of the mixture responsible for health effects. We demonstrate the features of the method through epidemiology and toxicology applications.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-12-16},
	journal = {Biostatistics (Oxford, England)},
	author = {Bobb, Jennifer F. and Valeri, Linda and Claus Henn, Birgit and Christiani, David C. and Wright, Robert O. and Mazumdar, Maitreyi and Godleski, John J. and Coull, Brent A.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25532525},
	note = {Publisher: Biostatistics},
	keywords = {Animals, Bangladesh, Bayes Theorem*, Biostatistics, Brent A Coull, Child, Developmental Disabilities / etiology, Dogs, Environmental Health / statistics \& numerical data, Environmental Pollutants / adverse effects*, Extramural, Female, Hemodynamics / drug effects, Humans, Infant, Jennifer F Bobb, Linda Valeri, MEDLINE, Machine Learning, Metals / adverse effects, Models, N.I.H., NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Neurodevelopmental Disorders / etiology, Non-P.H.S., Normal Distribution, PMC5963470, Pregnancy, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Regression Analysis, Research Support, Statistical, U.S. Gov't, doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxu058, pmid:25532525},
	pages = {493--508},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{plambech_m.z._dexmedetomidine_2015,
	title = {Dexmedetomidine in the pediatric population: {A} review},
	url = {http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getpdf/sbNvoPlJhvv6bbyfsqY76tEZcB64PRPRZhQ7XFLHe60Q6OIPvcRxmU6QbTTdsDC59xcyai%252BPQuY95g446wPjIA%253D%253D/R02Y2015N03A0320.pdf},
	abstract = {Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist approved only for sedation in adult intensive care patients, is increasingly used off-label in- and outside Europe in the pediatric setting for various indications such as to prevent agitation, as premedication in the form of intranasal, buccal and oral solution, as adjunct for elective surgery, as sedative for magnetic resonance imaging, as intraoperative analgesia, for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and as adjuvant to ropi- and bupivacaine for nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine is also used intravenously at different intensive care units with the purpose of sedation of children. In this paper, we assess 51 minor trials in the form of 44 randomized controlled trials and 7 prospective observational studies in an attempt to update the available evidence on dexmedetomidine use in pediatrics. Furthermore, we discuss its potential indications, benefits and adverse effects. However, it is important to state that much of the existing evidence favoring dexmedetomidine in children is either extrapolated from adult studies or based on small randomized controlled trials and observational studies with their inherent methodological shortcomings and confounding factors. Based on the best current evidence dexmedetomidine is found suitable and safe for various indications. However, in order to discover its full potential, indications, dosing and safety profile for various ages and procedures, it should urgently be examined by conducting good quality pediatric trials. Finally, we provide the readers with guidance on how to apply and dose dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation and for other indications. Copyright COPYRIGHT © 2015 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.},
	journal = {Minerva Anestesiologica},
	author = {{Plambech M.Z.} and {Afshari A.}},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {*anesthesia, *child, *deep sedation, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *dexmedetomidine/na [Intranasal Drug Administration], *human, *pediatrics, *population, Child, Europe, adjuvant, adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, agitation, agonist, analgesia, article, bupivacaine, cardiovascular effect, clinical protocol, elective surgery, extracorporeal lithotripsy, human, infant, intensive care, intensive care unit, intranasal drug administration, intraoperative analgesia, intraoperative period, meta analysis (topic), nerve block, newborn, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, observational study, patient, pediatrics, perioperative period, phase 1 clinical trial (topic), premedication, procedures, randomized controlled trial (topic), reading, safety, sedation, sedative agent, side effect/si [Side Effect], systematic review (topic)}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{johnson_growing_2014,
	title = {Growing up after extremely preterm birth: {Lifespan} mental health outcomes},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1744165X},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290907},
	doi = {10.1016/j.siny.2013.11.004},
	abstract = {There is growing interest in the long-term mental health sequelae of extremely preterm birth. In this paper we review literature relating to mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Studies conducted in the preschool years, school age and adolescence, and adulthood show continuity in outcomes and point to an increased risk for inattention, socio-communicative problems and emotional difficulties in individuals born extremely preterm. Both behavioural and neuroimaging studies also provide evidence of a neurodevelopmental origin for mental health disorders in this population. Here we summarise contemporary evidence and highlight key methodological considerations for carrying out and interpreting studies in this field.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2015-03-11},
	journal = {Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine},
	author = {Johnson, Samantha and Marlow, Neil},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	pmid = {24290907},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders: diagnosis, Child, Preschool, Developmental Disabilities, Developmental Disabilities: diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Extremely Premature, Infant, Newborn, Mental Health, Risk Factors},
	pages = {97--104},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{kim_tetrabromobisphenol_2014,
	title = {Tetrabromobisphenol {A} and hexabromocyclododecane flame retardants in infant–mother paired serum samples, and their relationships with thyroid hormones and environmental factors},
	volume = {184},
	issn = {0269-7491},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749113004594},
	doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.034},
	abstract = {The concentrations of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and their correlations with thyroid hormones, were investigated in sera from 26 infants with congenital hypothyroidism, 12 healthy infants, and their mothers. The analyte concentrations were not significantly different in the two infant groups. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (measured in a previous study) were the dominant brominated flame retardants, contributing 42–87\% of the total, and HBCDs contributed 5–18\%. TBBPA concentrations were 2–5 times higher in the infants than in the mothers. The TBBPA concentrations decreased dramatically with age for 2–3 months after birth, which might be caused by its relatively high maternal transfer rate, short half-life, and fast excretion. Significant correlations were found between mothers and infants in the TBBPA and HBCD concentrations, implying that maternal transfer was important. TBBPA correlated weakly with thyroid hormones, showing a positive relationship with FT4 but a negative relationship with T3.},
	urldate = {2014-09-28},
	journal = {Environmental Pollution},
	author = {Kim, Un-Jung and Oh, Jeong-Eun},
	month = jan,
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Congenital hypothyroidism, Environmental factors, Human monitoring, Infant, Organohalogen},
	pages = {193--200},
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{de_berranger_e_impact_2014,
title = {Impact on long-term OS of conditioning regimen in allogeneic BMT for children with AML in first CR: TBI plus CY versus BU plus CY: a report from the Societete Francaise de Greffe de Moelle et de Therapie Cellulaire},
volume = {49},
issn = {0268-3369},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24317131},
DOI = {10.1038/bmt.2013.185},
Language = {English},
Journal = {Bone Marrow Transplant.},
author = {{de Berranger E} and {Cousien A} and {Petit A} and {de Latour RP} and {Galambrun C} and {Bertrand Y} and {Salmon A} and {Rialland F} and {Rohrlich PS} and {Vannier JP} and {Lutz P} and {Yakouben K} and {Duhamel A} and {Bruno B} and {Michel G} and {Dalle JH}},
year = {2014},
keywords = {Adolescent, Body Weight, Busulfan/chemistry, Child, Child, Preschool, Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use, Female, France, Graft vs Host Disease, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation*, Humans, Infant, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy*, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Recurrence, Registries, Retrospective Studies, Siblings, Societies, Medical, Tissue Donors, Transplantation Conditioning/methods*, Transplantation, Homologous, Treatment Outcome, Whole-Body Irradiation},
pages = {382-388}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@techreport{
 title = {Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: case report and review of literature},
 type = {techreport},
 year = {2014},
 source = {Clin. biomed. res},
 keywords = {Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome,Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome,Humans,Infant,Male,Musculoskeletal Abnormalities,Neoplasms,Newborn,Symptom Assessment,bifid rib,skin cancer},
 pages = {313-317},
 volume = {34},
 issue = {3},
 websites = {http://seer.ufrgs.br/hcpa},
 id = {237061f8-45e6-3cd8-b2f8-89118e399643},
 created = {2020-02-15T13:27:56.418Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {a1b2ded6-b257-3e56-ac7c-9d438762d170},
 last_modified = {2021-10-19T17:30:56.103Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {true},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 private_publication = {false},
 abstract = {Description of a case report of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome diagnosed in a male newborn who presented increased head circumference and bifid ribs. Mother and grandmother presented typical physical findings of the syndrome, including palmar pits, odontogenic cysts, and history of multiple skin cancer resections. The diagnosis was based on clinical findings of three relatives. A literature review is also presented.},
 bibtype = {techreport},
 author = {Rahde Bischoff, Adrianne and Mercedes Timana Delgado, Yina and de Oliveira Poswar, Fabiano and Tarasconi Ruschel, Eduardo and Kohls Toralles, Eduardo and Lona Curubeto Lona de Miranda, Gabriel and Francisco Silveira Rita, Mario and Alegre, Porto}
}

@article{thompson_epidemiological_2013,
	title = {Epidemiological features and risk factors of {Salmonella} gastroenteritis in children resident in {Ho} {Chi} {Minh} {City}, {Vietnam}.},
	volume = {141},
	issn = {1469-4409 0950-2688},
	doi = {10.1017/S0950268812002014},
	abstract = {Non-typhoidal Salmonella are an important but poorly characterized cause of paediatric diarrhoea in developing countries. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in children aged {\textless}5 years in Ho Chi Minh City to define the epidemiology and examine risk factors associated with Salmonella diarrhoeal infections. From 1419 diarrhoea cases and 571 controls enrolled between 2009 and  2010, 77 (54\%) diarrhoea cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Salmonella patients were more likely to be younger than controls (median age 10 and 12 months, respectively) [odds ratio (OR) 097; 95\% confidence  interval (CI) 094-099], to report a recent diarrhoeal contact (81\% cases, 18\% controls; OR 598, 95\% CI 18-204) and to live in a household with {\textgreater}2 children (cases 208\%, controls 102\%; OR 232, 95\% CI 12-47). Our findings indicate that Salmonella are an important cause of paediatric gastroenteritis in this setting and we suggest that transmission may occur through direct human contact in the home.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
	author = {Thompson, C. N. and Phan, V. T. M. and Le, T. P. T. and Pham, T. N. T. and Hoang, L. P. and Ha, V. and Nguyen, V. M. H. and Pham, V. M. and Nguyen, T. V. and Cao, T. T. and Tran, T. T. N. and Nguyen, T. T. H. and Dao, M. T. and Campbell, J. I. and Nguyen, T. C. and Tang, C. T. and Ha, M. T. and Farrar, J. and Baker, S.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23010148},
	pmcid = {PMC3733064},
	keywords = {*Developing Countries, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Diarrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology, Feces/microbiology, Female, Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology/microbiology, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/transmission, Salmonella/*isolation \& purification, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vietnam/epidemiology},
	pages = {1604--1613},
}

@article{tan_identification_2013,
	title = {Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute  central nervous system infections.},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {2150-7511},
	doi = {10.1128/mBio.00231-13},
	abstract = {Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4\% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58\%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {mBio},
	author = {Tan, Le Van and van Doorn, H. Rogier and Nghia, Ho Dang Trung and Chau, Tran Thi Hong and Tu, Le Thi Phuong and de Vries, Michel and Canuti, Marta and Deijs, Martin and Jebbink, Maarten F. and Baker, Stephen and Bryant, Juliet E. and Tham, Nguyen Thi and BKrong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh and Boni, Maciej F. and Loi, Tran Quoc and Phuong, Le Thi and Verhoeven, Joost T. P. and Crusat, Martin and Jeeninga, Rienk E. and Schultsz, Constance and Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh and Hien, Tran Tinh and van der Hoek, Lia and Farrar, Jeremy and de Jong, Menno D.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23781068},
	pmcid = {PMC3684831},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Circoviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vietnam, Young Adult},
	pages = {e00231--00213},
}

@article{theophile_comparison_2013,
	title = {Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the {Naranjo} and {Liverpool} algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1179-1942},
	doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0083-1},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference.
METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 \%), followed by 'probable' (35 \%), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 \% each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 \%) and 'probable' (30 \%) followed by 'definite' (7 \%) and 'unlikely' (2 \%). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm.
CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Drug Safety},
	author = {Théophile, Hélène and André, Manon and Miremont-Salamé, Ghada and Arimone, Yannick and Bégaud, Bernard},
	month = oct,
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23828659},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Expert Testimony, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Judgment, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacovigilance, Sensitivity and Specificity},
	pages = {1033--1044}
}

@article{cornish_socio-economic_2013,
	title = {Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity: a study using linkage between the {Avon} {Longitudinal} {Study} of {Parents} and {Children} and the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1475-9276},
	shorttitle = {Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity},
	doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-12-66},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In adults, multimorbidity is associated with social position. Socially disadvantaged adults typically experience more chronic illness at a younger age than comparable individuals who are more advantaged. The relation between social position and multimorbidity amongst children and adolescents has not been as widely studied and is less clear.
METHODS: The NHS Information Centre (NHS IC) linked participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Multimorbidity was measured in three different ways: using a count of the number of drugs prescribed, a count of chronic diseases, and a person's predicted resource use score; the latter two measures were derived using the Johns Hopkins ACG system. A number of different socio-economic position variables measured as part of ALSPAC during pregnancy and early childhood were considered. Ordered logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to investigate associations between socio-economic variables and multimorbidity.
RESULTS: After mutually adjusting for the different markers of socio-economic position, there was evidence, albeit weak, that chronic condition counts among children aged from 0 to 9 years were higher among those whose mothers were less well educated (OR = 0.44; 95\% confidence interval 0.18-1.10; p = 0.08). Conversely, children whose mothers were better educated had higher rates of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR = 1.94; 95\% CI 1.14-3.30). However, living in a more deprived area, as indicated by the Townsend score, was associated with a higher odds of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR for each increasing decile of Townsend score = 1.09; 95\% CI 1.00-1.19; p = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS: We have found some evidence that, in younger children, multimorbidity may be higher amongst children whose parents are less well educated. In older children and adolescents this association is less clear. We have also demonstrated that linkage between prospective observational studies and electronic patient records can provide an effective way of obtaining objectively measured outcome variables.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
	author = {Cornish, Rosie P. and Boyd, Andy and Van Staa, Tjeerd and Salisbury, Chris and Macleod, John},
	year = {2013},
	pmid = {23962118},
	pmcid = {PMC3751770},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Drug Prescriptions, Educational Status, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Regression Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors},
	pages = {66}
}

@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
	title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
	volume = {167},
	issn = {1365-2133},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
	author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22564022},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
	pages = {598--605}
}

@article{bhargav_evidence_2012,
	title = {Evidence for extended age dependent maternal immunity in infected children: mother to child transmission of {HIV} infection and potential interventions including  sulfatides of the human fetal adnexa and complementary or alternative medicines.},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {1556-8539},
	abstract = {The two neighboring southwestern states of India, Karnataka and Maharashtra, have high incidence of HIV/AIDS and are among the six most high prevalence HIV infected  states. In Karnataka state, the northern districts of Bagalkot, Belgaum and Bijapur  (the three Bs) and in Maharashtra state, the southern districts of Sangli, Satara,  and Solapur (the three Ss) are the areas with the highest incidence of HIV/AIDS. We  have evaluated the incidence of maternal to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1  infection in Belgaum District which is more than 500 kilometers distance by road  from the campus in greater Bangalore (Karnataka State). We have obtained the  prenatal CD4 counts of HIV infected pregnant mothers. We have also screened the HIV  infected children in two orphanages (rehabilitation centres for HIV infected  children) in Belgaum District. The clinical conditions of these infected children  were assessed for their CD4 counts, anti-retroviral therapy (ART) intake status,  outpatient illnesses and body composition. We have observed that there is an  influence of the age factor on the CD4 counts of the HIV infected children. Further,  in view of the role of our recently found involvement of sulfatide, 3-O-  galactosylceramide, in inhibition of HIV-1 replication and enhancement of  hematopoiesis which is otherwise inhibited due to such infection, we have discussed  the possible role of sulfatides that biologically occur in the fetal adnexa  (placentatrophoblasts /amnion/chorion-umbilical cord), in containing HIV infection  as a potential safer alternative to the ART regimens currently approved to be  clinically practiced. Lastly, we have discussed the complementary and alternative  medicine (CAM) therapies such as evidence based yoga and ayurveda as add-on to ART  in potential elimination of MTCT of HIV infection. Out of a total of 150 children  delivered by HIV infected mothers, 13 children were found to be positive as  determined by the dried blood smear (DBS) for virological testing, giving an  incidence of about 8.66\% in the Belgaum district during the last two years, in spite  of the prescription of currently available ART regimens. All the 13 HIV-transmitting  mothers had normal vaginal deliveries. Though 12\% of the total 150 deliveries  required lower segment caesarean section (LSCS), none among them resulted in MTCT of  HIV. Comparison of the prenatal CD4 counts between transmitting and non-transmitting  mothers did not show significant differences (p=0.25) thus suggesting indirectly  that HIV-1 proviral loads (undetermined / unavailable) need not necessarily  determine the fate of incidence of vertical transmission. The mean age of 44 HIV  infected children (14 females, 30 males) that were screened in two orphanages was  10.8±3.1 years. Out of these 44 children, 27 were taking ART (61.36\%) with mean  duration of consumption being 2.8±2.28 years. Fifty percent (n=22) of the children  were suffering from at least one outpatient illness, out of which 13 were taking  ART. Their mean basal metabolic rate (BMR), body mass index (BMI), muscle mass, fat  mass and fat \% were 795.45±106.9, 14.55±1.9 kg/m(2), 9.54±3.4 kg, 3.69±2.24 kg and  15.04±7.8\% respectively. Comparison between the children taking ART (on-ART, n=27)  and those not taking ART (non-ART, n= 17) showed that though there was no  significant difference in the average age of the two groups, on-ART children had  significantly higher BMR (p=0.05), and muscle mass (p=0.004), than non-ART. The CD4  counts, BMI, fat mass and fat percentage did not show significant statistical  differences between the two groups. The CD4 counts of the children (both on-ART and  non-ART) of age 8 years and below (n=12) were found to be significantly higher  (p=0.04) than those of age 14 and above (n=10). All the children in age group of 14  years and above (n=10) except one child were on ART, whereas 7 out of 12 children in  age group of 8 years and below were on-ART. In one of the rehabilitation centers  called Aadhar, among non-ART children, a significant correlation was observed  between the age of the child and CD4 counts (measured separately in the months of  June 2011 and December 2011). Both the CD4 counts measured in June 2011 (n=6;  r=-0.82, p= 0.04) as well as in December 2011 (n=6; r=-0.97, p=0.001) showed a  significant decline as the age progressed. Also, at the same center, among on-ART  children, the CD4 counts in June 2011 (n=7) and December 2011 (n=8) were  significantly different between the children in the age group of 8 below years, and  those in the age group of 14 years and above (p= 0.005). As HIV infected children  grow in age, they may lose maternal derived immunity as shown by the decrease in CD4  counts, irrespective of their ART status. It is to be expected from these results  that the conferred maternal immunity (possibly primarily humoral and secondarily  cytotoxic immune responses) to the virus acquired at child birth taper off and  eventually overcome by the generation of mutant HIV strains in the children, as the  life spans of the infected children progress. We have discussed safer therapeutic  interventions whose efficacy on HIV/AIDS may be synergistic to or even substitute  the existing treatment strategies. Some of such interventions may even be customized  to help eliminate MTCT. Further, these virus infected pregnant mother patient blood  / serum samples could prove useful in the vaccine development against HIV infection.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of stem cells},
	author = {Bhargav, Hemant and Huilgol, Vidya and Metri, Kashinath and Sundell, I. Birgitta and Tripathi, Satyam and Ramagouda, Nagaratna and Jadhav, Mahesh and Raghuram, Nagarathna and Ramarao, Nagendra Hongasandra and Koka, Prasad S.},
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23619381},
	note = {Place: United States},
	keywords = {Humans, Adolescent, Adult, Female, Male, India, Age Factors, Pregnancy, Child, Child, Preschool, *Complementary Therapies, Amnion/immunology/metabolism/virology, Anti-Retroviral Agents/*therapeutic use, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Chorion/immunology/metabolism/virology, HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*transmission, HIV-1/drug effects/isolation \& purification, Infant, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention \& control, Mothers, Placenta/immunology/metabolism/virology, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology/*virology, Sulfoglycosphingolipids/*therapeutic use, Umbilical Cord/immunology/metabolism/virology, Viral Load},
	pages = {127--153}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{nosarti_preterm_2012,
	title = {Preterm birth and psychiatric disorders in young adult life.},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {1538-3636},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22660967},
	doi = {10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1374},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and delivery-related hypoxia have been associated with schizophrenia. It is unclear whether these associations pertain to other adult-onset psychiatric disorders and whether these perinatal events are independent.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships among gestational age, nonoptimal fetal growth, Apgar score, and various psychiatric disorders in young adult life.

DESIGN: Historical population-based cohort study.

SETTING: Identification of adult-onset psychiatric admissions using data from the National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden.

PARTICIPANTS: All live-born individuals registered in the nationwide Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1973 and 1985 and living in Sweden at age 16 years by December 2002 (n=1 301 522).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric hospitalization with nonaffective psychosis, bipolar affective disorder, depressive disorder, eating disorder, drug dependency, or alcohol dependency, diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases codes for 8 through 10. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95\% CIs.

RESULTS: Preterm birth was significantly associated with increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization in adulthood (defined as ≥16 years of age) in a monotonic manner across a range of psychiatric disorders. Compared with term births (37-41 weeks), those born at 32 to 36 weeks' gestation were 1.6 (95\% CI, 1.1-2.3) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 1.3 (95\% CI, 1.1-1.7) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 2.7 (95\% CI, 1.6-4.5) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder. Those born at less than 32 weeks' gestation were 2.5 (95\% CI, 1.0-6.0) times more likely to have nonaffective psychosis, 2.9 (95\% CI, 1.8-4.6) times more likely to have depressive disorder, and 7.4 (95\% CI, 2.7-20.6) times more likely to have bipolar affective disorder.

CONCLUSIONS: The vulnerability for hospitalization with a range of psychiatric diagnoses may increase with younger gestational age. Similar associations were not observed for nonoptimal fetal growth and low Apgar score.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2015-05-26},
	journal = {Archives of general psychiatry},
	author = {Nosarti, Chiara and Reichenberg, Abraham and Murray, Robin M and Cnattingius, Sven and Lambe, Mats P and Yin, Li and MacCabe, James and Rifkin, Larry and Hultman, Christina M},
	month = jun,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22660967},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age of Onset, Alcoholism, Alcoholism: epidemiology, Alcoholism: etiology, Apgar Score, Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder: epidemiology, Bipolar Disorder: etiology, Cohort Studies, Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder: epidemiology, Depressive Disorder: etiology, Eating Disorders, Eating Disorders: epidemiology, Eating Disorders: etiology, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Fetal Growth Retardation: epidemiology, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Hospitalization: statistics \& numerical data, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders: epidemiology, Mental Disorders: etiology, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Premature Birth: epidemiology, Proportional Hazards Models, Psychotic Disorders, Psychotic Disorders: epidemiology, Psychotic Disorders: etiology, Registries, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia: epidemiology, Schizophrenia: etiology, Substance-Related Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders: epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders: etiology, Sweden, Sweden: epidemiology, Young Adult},
	pages = {E1--8},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@misc{domingo_j.d._impact_2012,
	title = {The impact of childhood acute rotavirus gastroenteritis on the parents' quality of life: prospective observational study in {European} primary care medical practices},
	url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/12/58},
	abstract = {Background: Rotavirus (RV) is the commonest cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. A Quality of Life study was conducted in primary care in three European countries as part of a larger epidemiological study (SPRIK) to investigate the impact of paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) on affected children and their parents.Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was linguistically validated in Spanish, Italian and Polish. The questionnaire was included in an observational multicentre prospective study of 302 children aged {\textless}5 years presenting to a general practitioner or paediatrician for RVGE at centres in Spain, Italy or Poland. RV infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (n = 264). The questionnaire was validated and used to assess the emotional impact of paediatric RVGE on the parents.Results: Questionnaire responses showed that acute RVGE in a child adversely affects the parents' daily life as well as the child. Parents of children with RVGE experience worry, distress and impact on their daily activities. RVGE of greater clinical severity (assessed by the Vesikari scale) was associated with higher parental worries due to symptoms and greater changes in the child's behaviour, and a trend to higher impact on parents' daily activities and higher parental distress, together with a higher score on the symptom severity scale of the questionnaire.Conclusions: Parents of a child with acute RVGE presenting to primary care experience worry, distress and disruptions to daily life as a result of the child's illness. Prevention of this disease through prophylactic vaccination will improve the daily lives of parents and children. 2012 Diez-Domingo et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
	journal = {BMC Pediatrics},
	author = {{Domingo J.D.} and {Patrzalek M.} and {Cantarutti L.} and {Arnould B.} and {Meunier J.} and {Soriano-Gabarro M.} and {Meyer N.} and {Pircon J.-Y.} and {Holl K.}},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {*Rotavirus infection/dm [Disease Management], *acute gastroenteritis/dm [Disease Management], *childhood disease/dm [Disease Management], *viral gastroenteritis/dm [Disease Management], Child, Female, Infant, Male, article, daily life activity, disease severity, human, major clinical study, medical practice, parent, parental stress, polymerase chain reaction, preschool child, primary medical care, quality of life, questionnaire, scoring system},
}

@article{yen_trends_2012,
	title = {Trends in intussusception hospitalizations among {US} infants before and after implementation of the rotavirus vaccination program, 2000-2009},
	volume = {206},
	issn = {1537-6613},
	doi = {10.1093/infdis/jis314},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although US data have not documented an intussusception risk with current rotavirus vaccines, international data indicate a possible low risk, primarily after the first dose.
METHODS: Among infants in 26 US states comprising 75\% of the birth cohort, we examined age-specific trends in population-level intussusception hospitalization rates before (2000-2005) and after (2007-2009) rotavirus vaccine introduction.
RESULTS: Compared with 2000-2005 (35.3 per 100,000), the rate was greater in 2007 (39.0 per 100,000; rate ratio [RR], 1.10; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.18), similar in 2008 (33.4 per 100,000; RR, 0.95; 95\% CI, .89-1.01), and lower in 2009 (32.9 per 100,000; RR, 0.93; 95\% CI, .87-.99). Among infants aged 8-11 weeks, compared with 2000-2005 (6.9 per 100,000), a small, significant increase was observed in each of 2007 (11.4 per 100,000; RR, 1.64; 95\% CI, 1.08-2.50), 2008 (12.2 per 100,000; RR, 1.76; 95\% CI, 1.17-2.65), and 2009 (11.0 per 100,000; RR, 1.59; 95\% CI, 1.04-2.44).
CONCLUSIONS: Following rotavirus vaccine introduction, a small increase in intussusception rates was seen among US infants aged 8-11 weeks, to whom most first doses of vaccine are given; no sustained population-level change in overall rates was observed.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {The Journal of Infectious Diseases},
	author = {Yen, Catherine and Tate, Jacqueline E. and Steiner, Claudia A. and Cortese, Margaret M. and Patel, Manish M. and Parashar, Umesh D.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {22539812},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Cohort Studies, Confidence Intervals, Hospitalization/trends, Humans, Infant, Intussusception/*epidemiology/immunology/virology, Rotavirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/prevention \& control, Rotavirus Vaccines/*administration \& dosage/adverse effects/immunology, Rotavirus/immunology, United States/epidemiology, Vaccination/methods},
	pages = {41--48},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Proton therapy for spinal ependymomas: planning, acute toxicities, and preliminary outcomes.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2012},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Child,Child, Preschool,Disease-Free Survival,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Erythema,Erythema: etiology,Erythema: pathology,Fatigue,Fatigue: etiology,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Infant,Male,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: radiotherapy,Protons,Protons: adverse effects,Protons: therapeutic use,Radiation Injuries,Radiotherapy Dosage,Spinal Neoplasms,Spinal Neoplasms: pathology,Spinal Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Neoplasms: surgery,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome,Tumor Burden},
 pages = {1419-24},
 volume = {83},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22245209},
 month = {8},
 publisher = {Elsevier Inc},
 day = {1},
 id = {ba888ca5-70c7-39d5-946d-244183b6d8d3},
 created = {2014-03-15T18:24:10.000Z},
 accessed = {2014-03-04},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:51.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {PURPOSE: To report acute toxicities and preliminary outcomes for pediatric patients with ependymomas of the spine treated with proton beam therapy at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight pediatric patients received proton beam irradiation between October 2006 and September 2010 for spinal ependymomas. Toxicity data were collected weekly during radiation therapy and all follow-up visits. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0.

RESULTS: All patients had surgical resection of the tumor before irradiation (7 subtotal resection and 1 gross total resection). Six patients had World Health Organization Grade I ependymomas, and two had World Health Organization Grade II ependymomas. Patients had up to 3 surgical interventions before radiation therapy (range, 1-3; median, 1). Three patients received proton therapy after recurrence and five as part of their primary management. The entire vertebral body was treated in all but 2 patients. The mean radiation dose was 51.1 cobalt gray equivalents (range, 45 to 54 cobalt gray equivalents). With a mean follow-up of 26 months from the radiation therapy start date (range, 7-51 months), local control, event-free survival, and overall survival rates were all 100%. The most common toxicities during treatment were Grade 1 or 2 erythema (75%) and Grade 1 fatigue (38%). No patients had a Grade 3 or higher adverse event. Proton therapy dramatically reduced dose to all normal tissues anterior to the vertebral bodies in comparison to photon therapy.

CONCLUSION: Preliminary outcomes show the expected control rates with favorable acute toxicity profiles. Proton beam therapy offers a powerful treatment option in the pediatric population, where adverse events related to radiation exposure are of concern. Extended follow-up will be required to assess for late recurrences and long-term adverse effects.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Amsbaugh, Mark J and Grosshans, David R and McAleer, Mary Frances and Zhu, Ron and Wages, Cody and Crawford, Cody N and Palmer, Matthew and De Gracia, Beth and Woo, Shiao and Mahajan, Anita},
 journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
 number = {5}
}

@misc{carlo_w.a._neurodevelopmental_2012,
	title = {Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants requiring resuscitation in developing countries},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resuscitation of infants who failed to develop effective breathing at birth increases survivors with neurodevelopmental impairment., STUDY DESIGN: Infants unresponsive to stimulation who received bag and mask ventilation at birth in a resuscitation trial and infants who did not require any resuscitation were randomized to early neurodevelopmental intervention or control groups. Infants were examined by trained neurodevelopmental evaluators masked to both their resuscitation history and intervention group. The 12-month neurodevelopmental outcome data for both resuscitated and non-resuscitated infants randomized to the control groups are reported., RESULTS: The study provided no evidence of a difference between the resuscitated infants (n = 86) and the non-resuscitated infants (n = 115) in the percentage of infants at 12 months with a Mental Developmental Index {\textless}85 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (primary outcome; 18\% versus 12\%; P = .22) and in other neurodevelopmental outcomes., CONCLUSIONS: Most infants who received resuscitation with bag and mask ventilation at birth have 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in the reference range. Longer follow-up is needed because of increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.},
	journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
	author = {{Carlo W.A.} and {Goudar S.S.} and {Pasha O.} and {Chomba E.} and {McClure E.M.} and {Biasini F.J.} and {Wallander J.L.} and {Thorsten V.} and {Chakraborty H.} and {Wright L.L.}},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {*adverse effects, *procedures, Developmental Disabilities/di [Diagnosis], Developmental Disabilities/ep [Epidemiology], India, Learning Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Learning Disorders/ep [Epidemiology], Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology], Pakistan, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/th [Therapy], Zambia, child development, clinical trial, comparative study, controlled study, developing country, female, human, incidence, infant, male, multicenter study, neuropsychological test, newborn, physiology, prematurity, randomized controlled trial, reference value, resuscitation, risk assessment, rural population, severity of illness index, survival analysis, very low birth weight}
}

@misc{tu_h.a.t._health_2012,
	title = {Health economics of rotavirus immunization in {Vietnam}: {Potentials} for favorable cost-effectiveness in developing countries},
	abstract = {Introduction: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea worldwide. Vietnam is situated in the region of high rotavirus infection incidence and eligible for financial support to introduce rotavirus vaccines into the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) from the GAVI. This study was designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of rotavirus immunization in Vietnam, explicitly the use of Rotateq and to assess the affordability of implementing universal rotavirus immunization based on GAVI-subsidized vaccine price in the context of Vietnamese healthcare system for the next 5 years. Methodology: An age-structured cohort model was developed for the 2009 birth cohort in Vietnam. Two strategies were compared: one being the current situation without vaccination, and the other being mass universal rotavirus vaccination. The time horizon of the model was 5 years with time cycles of 1 month for children less than 1 year of age and annual analysis thereafter. Outcomes included mild, moderate, severe cases and death. Multiple outcomes per rotavirus infection are possible in the model. Monte Carlo simulations were used to examine the acceptability and affordability of the rotavirus vaccination. All costs were expressed in 2009 US\$. Results: Rotavirus vaccination would not completely protect young children against rotavirus infection due to partial nature of vaccine immunity, however, would effectively reduce severe cases of rotavirus by roughly 55\% during the first 5 years of life. Under GAVI-subsidized vaccine price (US\$ 0.3/dose), the vaccine cost would amount to US\$ 5.5 million per annum for 3-dose of the Rotateq vaccine. In the base-case, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted-life-year (QALY) was US\$ 665 from the health system perspective, much lower than per-capita GDP of {\textasciitilde}US\$ 1150 in 2009. Affordability results showed that at the GAVI-subsidized vaccine price, rotavirus vaccination could be affordable for Vietnamese health system. Conclusion: Rotavirus vaccination in Vietnam would be a cost-effective health intervention. Vaccination only becomes affordable if the country receives GAVI's financial support due to the current high market vaccine price. Given the high mortality rate of under-five-year children, the results showed that rotavirus immunization is the " best hope" for prevention of rotavirus-related diarrhoeal disease in Vietnam. In the next five years, Vietnam is definitely in debt to financial support from international organizations in implementing rotavirus immunization. It is recommended that new rotavirus vaccine candidates be developed at cheaper price to speed up the introduction of rotavirus immunization in the developing world in general.  2011 Elsevier Ltd.},
	journal = {Vaccine},
	author = {{Tu H.A.T.} and {Rozenbaum M.H.} and {Coyte P.C.} and {Li S.C.} and {Woerdenbag H.J.} and {Postma M.J.}},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {*Rotavirus infection/dm [Disease Management], *Rotavirus infection/dt [Drug Therapy], *Rotavirus infection/pc [Prevention], *Rotavirus vaccine/dt [Drug Therapy], *Rotavirus vaccine/pe [Pharmacoeconomics], *drug cost, Child, Infant, Monte Carlo method, Vaccination, Viet Nam, article, cost effectiveness analysis, drug efficacy, health care system, health economics, human, major clinical study, mortality, preschool child, priority journal, quality of life},
}

@article{garces_home_2012,
	title = {Home birth attendants in low income countries: who are they and what do they do?.},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1471-2393},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nearly half the world's babies are born at home. We sought to evaluate the training, knowledge, skills, and access to medical equipment and testing for home birth attendants across 7 international sites., METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were done by trained interviewers to assess level of training, knowledge and practices regarding care during the antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum periods. The survey was administered to a sample of birth attendants conducting home or out-of-facility deliveries in 7 sites in 6 countries (India, Pakistan, Guatemala, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya and Zambia)., RESULTS: A total of 1226 home birth attendants were surveyed. Less than half the birth attendants were literate. Eighty percent had one month or less of formal training. Most home birth attendants did not have basic equipment (e.g., blood pressure apparatus, stethoscope, infant bag and mask manual resuscitator). Reporting of births and maternal and neonatal deaths to government agencies was low. Indian auxilliary nurse midwives, who perform some home but mainly clinic births, were far better trained and differed in many characteristics from the birth attendants who only performed deliveries at home., CONCLUSIONS: Home birth attendants in low-income countries were often illiterate, could not read numbers and had little formal training. Most had few of the skills or access to tests, medications and equipment that are necessary to reduce maternal, fetal or neonatal mortality.},
	number = {100967799},
	journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth},
	author = {Garces, Ana and McClure, Elizabeth M and Chomba, Elwyn and Patel, Archana and Pasha, Omrana and Tshefu, Antoinette and Esamai, Fabian and Goudar, Shivaprasad and Lokangaka, Adrien and Hambidge, K Michael and Wright, Linda L and Koso-Thomas, Marion and Bose, Carl and Carlo, Waldemar A and Liechty, Edward A and Hibberd, Patricia L and Bucher, Sherri and Whitworth, Ryan and Goldenberg, Robert L},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {*Community Health Workers, *Developing Countries, *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, *Midwifery, Fetal Mortality, Home Childbirth, Infant, Infant Mortality, Maternal Mortality, Poverty, Professional Competence, humans},
	pages = {34},
}

@article{vos_years_2012,
	title = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: {A} systematic analysis for the {Global} {Burden} of {Disease} {Study} 2010.},
	volume = {380},
	issn = {1474-547X},
	shorttitle = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).
METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.
FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.
INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.
FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.},
	language = {ENG},
	number = {9859},
	journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
	author = {Vos, Theo and Flaxman, Abraham D. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Lozano, Rafael and Michaud, Catherine and Ezzati, Majid and Shibuya, Kenji and Salomon, Joshua A. and Abdalla, Safa and Aboyans, Victor and Abraham, Jerry and Ackerman, Ilana and Aggarwal, Rakesh and Ahn, Stephanie Y. and Ali, Mohammed K. and Alvarado, Miriam and Anderson, H. Ross and Anderson, Laurie M. and Andrews, Kathryn G. and Atkinson, Charles and Baddour, Larry M. and Bahalim, Adil N. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Barrero, Lope H. and Bartels, David H. and Basáñez, Maria-Gloria and Baxter, Amanda and Bell, Michelle L. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Bennett, Derrick and Bernabé, Eduardo and Bhalla, Kavi and Bhandari, Bishal and Bikbov, Boris and Bin Abdulhak, Aref and Birbeck, Gretchen and Black, James A. and Blencowe, Hannah and Blore, Jed D. and Blyth, Fiona and Bolliger, Ian and Bonaventure, Audrey and Boufous, Soufiane and Bourne, Rupert and Boussinesq, Michel and Braithwaite, Tasanee and Brayne, Carol and Bridgett, Lisa and Brooker, Simon and Brooks, Peter and Brugha, Traolach S. and Bryan-Hancock, Claire and Bucello, Chiara and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Buckle, Geoffrey and Budke, Christine M. and Burch, Michael and Burney, Peter and Burstein, Roy and Calabria, Bianca and Campbell, Benjamin and Canter, Charles E. and Carabin, Hélène and Carapetis, Jonathan and Carmona, Loreto and Cella, Claudia and Charlson, Fiona and Chen, Honglei and Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann and Chou, David and Chugh, Sumeet S. and Coffeng, Luc E. and Colan, Steven D. and Colquhoun, Samantha and Colson, K. Ellicott and Condon, John and Connor, Myles D. and Cooper, Leslie T. and Corriere, Matthew and Cortinovis, Monica and de Vaccaro, Karen Courville and Couser, William and Cowie, Benjamin C. and Criqui, Michael H. and Cross, Marita and Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. and Dahiya, Manu and Dahodwala, Nabila and Damsere-Derry, James and Danaei, Goodarz and Davis, Adrian and De Leo, Diego and Degenhardt, Louisa and Dellavalle, Robert and Delossantos, Allyne and Denenberg, Julie and Derrett, Sarah and Des Jarlais, Don C. and Dharmaratne, Samath D. and Dherani, Mukesh and Diaz-Torne, Cesar and Dolk, Helen and Dorsey, E. Ray and Driscoll, Tim and Duber, Herbert and Ebel, Beth and Edmond, Karen and Elbaz, Alexis and Ali, Suad Eltahir and Erskine, Holly and Erwin, Patricia J. and Espindola, Patricia and Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E. and Farzadfar, Farshad and Feigin, Valery and Felson, David T. and Ferrari, Alize and Ferri, Cleusa P. and Fèvre, Eric M. and Finucane, Mariel M. and Flaxman, Seth and Flood, Louise and Foreman, Kyle and Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. and Fowkes, Francis Gerry R. and Franklin, Richard and Fransen, Marlene and Freeman, Michael K. and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gabriel, Sherine E. and Gakidou, Emmanuela and Ganatra, Hammad A. and Garcia, Bianca and Gaspari, Flavio and Gillum, Richard F. and Gmel, Gerhard and Gosselin, Richard and Grainger, Rebecca and Groeger, Justina and Guillemin, Francis and Gunnell, David and Gupta, Ramyani and Haagsma, Juanita and Hagan, Holly and Halasa, Yara A. and Hall, Wayne and Haring, Diana and Haro, Josep Maria and Harrison, James E. and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hay, Roderick J. and Higashi, Hideki and Hill, Catherine and Hoen, Bruno and Hoffman, Howard and Hotez, Peter J. and Hoy, Damian and Huang, John J. and Ibeanusi, Sydney E. and Jacobsen, Kathryn H. and James, Spencer L. and Jarvis, Deborah and Jasrasaria, Rashmi and Jayaraman, Sudha and Johns, Nicole and Jonas, Jost B. and Karthikeyan, Ganesan and Kassebaum, Nicholas and Kawakami, Norito and Keren, Andre and Khoo, Jon-Paul and King, Charles H. and Knowlton, Lisa Marie and Kobusingye, Olive and Koranteng, Adofo and Krishnamurthi, Rita and Lalloo, Ratilal and Laslett, Laura L. and Lathlean, Tim and Leasher, Janet L. and Lee, Yong Yi and Leigh, James and Lim, Stephen S. and Limb, Elizabeth and Lin, John Kent and Lipnick, Michael and Lipshultz, Steven E. and Liu, Wei and Loane, Maria and Ohno, Summer Lockett and Lyons, Ronan and Ma, Jixiang and Mabweijano, Jacqueline and MacIntyre, Michael F. and Malekzadeh, Reza and Mallinger, Leslie and Manivannan, Sivabalan and Marcenes, Wagner and March, Lyn and Margolis, David J. and Marks, Guy B. and Marks, Robin and Matsumori, Akira and Matzopoulos, Richard and Mayosi, Bongani M. and McAnulty, John H. and McDermott, Mary M. and McGill, Neil and McGrath, John and Medina-Mora, Maria Elena and Meltzer, Michele and Mensah, George A. and Merriman, Tony R. and Meyer, Ana-Claire and Miglioli, Valeria and Miller, Matthew and Miller, Ted R. and Mitchell, Philip B. and Mocumbi, Ana Olga and Moffitt, Terrie E. and Mokdad, Ali A. and Monasta, Lorenzo and Montico, Marcella and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moran, Andrew and Morawska, Lidia and Mori, Rintaro and Murdoch, Michele E. and Mwaniki, Michael K. and Naidoo, Kovin and Nair, M. Nathan and Naldi, Luigi and Narayan, K. M. Venkat and Nelson, Paul K. and Nelson, Robert G. and Nevitt, Michael C. and Newton, Charles R. and Nolte, Sandra and Norman, Paul and Norman, Rosana and O'Donnell, Martin and O'Hanlon, Simon and Olives, Casey and Omer, Saad B. and Ortblad, Katrina and Osborne, Richard and Ozgediz, Doruk and Page, Andrew and Pahari, Bishnu and Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai and Rivero, Andrea Panozo and Patten, Scott B. and Pearce, Neil and Padilla, Rogelio Perez and Perez-Ruiz, Fernando and Perico, Norberto and Pesudovs, Konrad and Phillips, David and Phillips, Michael R. and Pierce, Kelsey and Pion, Sébastien and Polanczyk, Guilherme V. and Polinder, Suzanne and Pope, C. Arden and Popova, Svetlana and Porrini, Esteban and Pourmalek, Farshad and Prince, Martin and Pullan, Rachel L. and Ramaiah, Kapa D. and Ranganathan, Dharani and Razavi, Homie and Regan, Mathilda and Rehm, Jürgen T. and Rein, David B. and Remuzzi, Guiseppe and Richardson, Kathryn and Rivara, Frederick P. and Roberts, Thomas and Robinson, Carolyn and De Leòn, Felipe Rodriguez and Ronfani, Luca and Room, Robin and Rosenfeld, Lisa C. and Rushton, Lesley and Sacco, Ralph L. and Saha, Sukanta and Sampson, Uchechukwu and Sanchez-Riera, Lidia and Sanman, Ella and Schwebel, David C. and Scott, James Graham and Segui-Gomez, Maria and Shahraz, Saeid and Shepard, Donald S. and Shin, Hwashin and Shivakoti, Rupak and Singh, David and Singh, Gitanjali M. and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Singleton, Jessica and Sleet, David A. and Sliwa, Karen and Smith, Emma and Smith, Jennifer L. and Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. and Steer, Andrew and Steiner, Timothy and Stolk, Wilma A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Sudfeld, Christopher and Syed, Sana and Tamburlini, Giorgio and Tavakkoli, Mohammad and Taylor, Hugh R. and Taylor, Jennifer A. and Taylor, William J. and Thomas, Bernadette and Thomson, W. Murray and Thurston, George D. and Tleyjeh, Imad M. and Tonelli, Marcello and Towbin, Jeffrey A. and Truelsen, Thomas and Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K. and Ubeda, Clotilde and Undurraga, Eduardo A. and van der Werf, Marieke J. and van Os, Jim and Vavilala, Monica S. and Venketasubramanian, N. and Wang, Mengru and Wang, Wenzhi and Watt, Kerrianne and Weatherall, David J. and Weinstock, Martin A. and Weintraub, Robert and Weisskopf, Marc G. and Weissman, Myrna M. and White, Richard A. and Whiteford, Harvey and Wiersma, Steven T. and Wilkinson, James D. and Williams, Hywel C. and Williams, Sean R. M. and Witt, Emma and Wolfe, Frederick and Woolf, Anthony D. and Wulf, Sarah and Yeh, Pon-Hsiu and Zaidi, Anita K. M. and Zheng, Zhi-Jie and Zonies, David and Lopez, Alan D. and Murray, Christopher J. L. and AlMazroa, Mohammad A. and Memish, Ziad A.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2012},
	pmid = {23245607},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Sex Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
	pages = {2163--2196},
}

@article{kelly_london_2011,
	title = {The {London} low emission zone baseline study},
	issn = {1041-5505},
	abstract = {On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5\% to 10\% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {163},
	journal = {Research Report (Health Effects Institute)},
	author = {Kelly, Frank and Armstrong, Ben and Atkinson, Richard and Anderson, H. Ross and Barratt, Ben and Beevers, Sean and Cook, Derek and Green, Dave and Derwent, Dick and Mudway, Ian and Wilkinson, Paul and {HEI Health Review Committee}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22315924},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Small-Area Analysis, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vehicle Emissions, Young Adult},
	pages = {3--79}
}

@article{kotz_incidence_2011,
	title = {Incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in {England}, 2001 to 2005},
	volume = {127},
	issn = {1097-6825},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.021},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous descriptions of the epidemiology of peanut allergy have mainly been derived from small cross-sectional studies.
OBJECTIVE: To interrogate a large national research database to provide estimates for the incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in the English population.
METHODS: Version 10 of the QRESEARCH database was used with data from 2,958,366 patients who were registered with 422 United Kingdom general practices in the years 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome was a recording of clinician-diagnosed peanut allergy.
RESULTS: The age-sex standardized incidence rate of peanut allergy in 2005 was 0.08 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI, 0.07-0.08), and the prevalence rate was 0.51 per 1000 patients (95\% CI, 0.49-0.54). This translated into an estimated 4000 incident cases (95\% CI, 3500-4600) and 25,700 prevalent cases (95\% CI, 24,400-27,100) of GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in England in 2005. During the study period, the incidence rate of peanut allergy remained fairly stable, whereas the prevalence rate doubled. In those under 18 years of age, the crude lifetime prevalence rate was higher in males than females. A significant inverse relationship between prevalence and socioeconomic status was found.
CONCLUSION: These data on GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy from a large general practice database suggest a much lower prevalence in peanut allergy than has hitherto been found. This difference may in part be explained by underrecording of peanut allergy in general practice. Further research is needed to assess the true frequency of peanut allergy in the population and whether there has been a true increase in recent years.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
	author = {Kotz, Daniel and Simpson, Colin R. and Sheikh, Aziz},
	month = mar,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21236479},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, General Practitioners, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Records, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Prevalence, incidence},
	pages = {623--630.e1}
}

@article{deramecourt_88-year_2011,
	title = {An 88-year old woman with long-lasting parkinsonism},
	volume = {21},
	issn = {1750-3639},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00496.x},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)},
	author = {Deramecourt, Vincent and Maurage, Claude-Alain and Sergeant, Nicolas and Buée-Scherrer, Valérie and Buée, Luc and Defebvre, Luc},
	month = jul,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21668554},
	keywords = {Aged, Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Brain, Adult, Disease Progression, Aged, 80 and over, Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Infant, Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic},
	pages = {465--468}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{schroeder_neonatal_2011,
	title = {Neonatal {DNA} methylation patterns associate with gestational age.},
	volume = {6},
	issn = {1559-2308},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3256334&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
	doi = {10.4161/epi.6.12.18296},
	abstract = {Risk for adverse neonatal outcome increases with declining gestational age (GA), and changes in DNA methylation may contribute to the relationship between GA and adverse health outcomes in offspring. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the association between GA and more than 27,000 CpG sites in neonatal DNA extracted from umbilical cord blood from two prospectively-characterized cohorts: (1) a discovery cohort consisting of 259 neonates from women with a history of neuropsychiatric disorders and (2) a replication cohort consisting of 194 neonates of uncomplicated mothers. GA was determined by obstetrician report and maternal last menstrual period. The associations between proportion of DNA methylated and GA were evaluated by fitting a separate linear mixed effects model for each CpG site, adjusting for relevant covariates including neonatal sex, race, parity, birth weight percentile and chip effects. CpG sites in 39 genes were associated with GA (false discovery rate {\textless} 0.05) in the discovery cohort. The same CpG sites in 25 of these genes replicated in the replication cohort, with each association replicating in the same direction. Notably, these CpG sites were located in genes previously implicated in labor and delivery (e.g., AVP, OXT, CRHBP and ESR1) or that may influence the risk for adverse health outcomes later in life (e.g., DUOX2, TMEM176A and CASP8). All associations were independent of method of delivery or induction of labor. These results suggest neonatal DNA methylation varies with GA even in term deliveries. The potential contribution of these changes to clinically significant postnatal outcomes warrants further investigation.},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2015-05-26},
	journal = {Epigenetics : official journal of the DNA Methylation Society},
	author = {Schroeder, James W and Conneely, Karen N and Cubells, Joseph C and Kilaru, Varun and Newport, D Jeffrey and Knight, Bettina T and Stowe, Zachary N and Brennan, Patricia A and Krushkal, Julia and Tylavsky, Frances A and Taylor, Robert N and Adkins, Ronald M and Smith, Alicia K},
	month = dec,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {22139580},
	keywords = {Birth Weight, Birth Weight: genetics, Cohort Studies, CpG Islands, CpG Islands: genetics, DNA Methylation, DNA Methylation: genetics, Female, Fetal Blood, Fetal Blood: metabolism, Genome, Human, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome},
	pages = {1498--504},
}

@article{jit_cost-effectiveness_2011,
	title = {Cost-effectiveness of universal rotavirus vaccination in reducing rotavirus gastroenteritis in {Ireland}.},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {1873-2518},
	abstract = {We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of universal infant rotavirus (RV) vaccination compared to current standard of care of "no vaccination". Two RV vaccines are currently licensed in Ireland: Rotarix and RotaTeq. A cohort model used in several European countries was adapted using Irish epidemiological, resource utilisation and cost data. The base case model considers the impact of Rotarix vaccination on health-related quality of life of children under five years old from a healthcare payer perspective. Other scenarios explored the use of RotaTeq, impact on one caregiver, on societal costs and on cases that do not seek medical attention. Cost was varied between the vaccine list price (100/course) in the base case and an assumed tender price (70/course). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. Implementing universal RV vaccination may prevent around 1970 GP visits, 3280 A\&E attendances and 2490 hospitalisations. A vaccination programme was estimated to cost approximately 6.54 million per year but 4.65 million of this would be offset by reducing healthcare resource use. The baseline ICER was 112,048/QALY and 72,736/QALY from the healthcare payer and societal perspective, respectively, falling to 68,896 and 43,916/QALY, respectively, if the impact on one caregiver was considered. If the price fell to 70 per course, universal RV vaccination would be cost saving under all scenarios. Results were sensitive to vaccination costs, incidence of RV infection and direct medical costs. Universal RV vaccination would not be cost-effective under base case assumptions. However, it could be cost-effective at a lower vaccine price or from a wider societal perspective.Copyright 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	number = {43},
	journal = {Vaccine},
	author = {Jit, M and Schmitz, S and Walsh, C and Garvey, P and McKeown, P and Barry, M},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {*Gastroenteritis/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Rotavirus Infections/ec [Economics], *Rotavirus Infections/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Rotavirus Vaccines/ec [Economics], Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Gastroenteritis/ec [Economics], Gastroenteritis/ep [Epidemiology], Gastroenteritis/im [Immunology], Humans, Infant, Ireland/ep [Epidemiology], Rotavirus Infections/ep [Epidemiology], Rotavirus Infections/im [Immunology], Rotavirus Vaccines/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Rotavirus Vaccines/im [Immunology], Rotavirus/im [Immunology], quality of life},
	pages = {7463--73},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{doesburg_altered_2011,
	title = {Altered long-range alpha-band synchronization during visual short-term memory retention in children born very preterm.},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {1095-9572},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3066471&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
	doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.044},
	abstract = {Children born very preterm, even when intelligence is broadly normal, often experience selective difficulties in executive function and visual-spatial processing. Development of structural cortical connectivity is known to be altered in this group, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence indicates that very preterm children recruit different patterns of functional connectivity between cortical regions during cognition. Synchronization of neural oscillations across brain areas has been proposed as a mechanism for dynamically assigning functional coupling to support perceptual and cognitive processing, but little is known about what role oscillatory synchronization may play in the altered neurocognitive development of very preterm children. To investigate this, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity while 7-8 year old children born very preterm and age-matched full-term controls performed a visual short-term memory task. Very preterm children exhibited reduced long-range synchronization in the alpha-band during visual short-term memory retention, indicating that cortical alpha rhythms may play a critical role in altered patterns functional connectivity expressed by this population during cognitive and perceptual processing. Long-range alpha-band synchronization was also correlated with task performance and visual-perceptual ability within the very preterm group, indicating that altered alpha oscillatory mechanisms mediating transient functional integration between cortical regions may be relevant to selective problems in neurocognitive development in this vulnerable population at school age.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2015-06-01},
	journal = {NeuroImage},
	author = {Doesburg, Sam M and Ribary, Urs and Herdman, Anthony T and Miller, Steven P and Poskitt, Kenneth J and Moiseev, Alexander and Whitfield, Michael F and Synnes, Anne and Grunau, Ruth E},
	month = feb,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {20974268},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Alpha Rhythm, Alpha Rhythm: physiology, Child, Cognition, Cognition: physiology, Cortical Synchronization, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Magnetoencephalography, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Memory, Short-Term: physiology, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Psychomotor Performance: physiology, Space Perception, Space Perception: physiology, Visual Perception, Visual Perception: physiology, Wechsler Scales},
	pages = {2330--9},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{johnson_preterm_2011,
	title = {Preterm birth and childhood psychiatric disorders.},
	volume = {69},
	issn = {1530-0447},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21289534},
	doi = {10.1203/PDR.0b013e318212faa0},
	abstract = {Epidemiologic studies have, for many years, identified preterm birth as a significant risk factor for psychiatric disorders. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in neurobehavioral outcomes after preterm birth. In this article, we review clinical cohort studies of the prevalence, etiology, and risk factors for psychiatric sequelae in ex-preterm children. Studies using diagnostic psychiatric evaluations are few in number but typically report a 3- to 4-fold increased risk for disorders in middle childhood. Our review of studies reveals a "preterm behavioral phenotype" characterized by an increased risk for symptoms and disorders associated with inattention, anxiety, and social difficulties. The most contemporary studies have also reported a markedly increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in preterm populations. Our examination of the correlates and comorbidities of psychiatric disorders is indicative of a different causative pathway that may be associated with altered brain development after preterm birth. Despite the low population attributable risk, the frequency of these symptoms and disorders means that psychiatric screening is likely to be beneficial in this vulnerable population.},
	number = {5 Pt 2},
	urldate = {2013-04-08},
	journal = {Pediatric research},
	author = {JOHNSON, Samantha and MARLOW, Neil},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21289534},
	keywords = {Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders: epidemiology, Newborn, Obstetric Labor, Pregnancy, Premature, Prevalence},
	pages = {11R--8R},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{Huang2011,
	title = {Comparison of infantile nystagmus syndrome in achiasmatic zebrafish and humans.},
	volume = {1233},
	issn = {1749-6632},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951006},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06150.x},
	abstract = {Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS; formerly called congenital nystagmus) is an ocular motor disorder characterized by several typical nystagmus waveforms. To date, restrictions inherent to human research and the absence of a handy animal model have impeded efforts to identify the underlying mechanism of INS. Displaying INS-like spontaneous eye oscillations, achiasmatic zebrafish belladonna (bel) mutants may provide new insights into the mystery of INS. In this study, we demonstrate that these spontaneous eye oscillations match the diagnostic waveforms of INS. As a result, zebrafish bel mutants can be used as an animal model for the study of INS. In zebrafish bel mutants, visual pathway abnormalities may contribute to the spontaneous nystagmus via an inverted signal to the pretectal area. We hypothesized that human INS may also be linked to visual pathway abnormalities (possibly underdiagnosed in INS patients) in a similar way.},
	urldate = {2014-08-13},
	journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Huang, Melody Ying-Yu and Chen, Chieng-Cheng and Huber-Reggi, Sabina P and Neuhauss, Stephan C F and Straumann, Dominik},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	pmid = {21951006},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Infant, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins: genetics, Mutation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins: genetics, Nystagmus, Congenital, Nystagmus, Congenital: diagnosis, Nystagmus, Congenital: genetics, Nystagmus, Congenital: physiopathology, OKR, Optic Chiasm, Optic Chiasm: abnormalities, Species Specificity, Syndrome, Transcription Factors, Transcription Factors: genetics, Visual Pathways, Visual Pathways: abnormalities, Visual Pathways: physiopathology, Zebrafish, Zebrafish Proteins, Zebrafish Proteins: genetics, zebrafish},
	pages = {285--91},
}

@article{ cilliers_pyridoxal-5-phosphate_2010,
  title = {Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid},
  volume = {99},
  issn = {1651-2227},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01696.x},
  abstract = {AIM: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, receiving INH regimens.
METHODS: Children from the Western Cape of South Africa hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB) management were studied. Plasma PLP concentrations were determined on enrolment, 1-month after commencing TB treatment, and again after 4-month's treatment. The children received a supplement meeting pyridoxine requirements.
RESULTS: Nineteen HIV-infected and 33 HIV-uninfected children received INH (dosage range 4-20 mg/kg) daily. Mean PLP plasma concentrations on enrolment were 8.32 (SD 6.75) ng/mL and 11.28 (SD 3.02) ng/mL in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, respectively (p = 0.11) and after 4-month's treatment 6.75 (SD 2.71) ng/mL and 14.76 (SD 7.96) ng/mL (p {\textless} 0.001). On enrolment 9 (50%) HIV-infected and 5 (15%) HIV-uninfected children (p = 0.016) had suboptimal PLP concentrations ({\textless}6 ng/mL); after 4-month's treatment 8 (42%) and 2 (6%) (p = 0.004).
CONCLUSION: Plasma PLP concentrations in children treated for TB were low on enrolment in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children; after 4-month's treatment low values were still common in HIV-infected children. Additional pyridoxine supplementation of malnourished children treated for tuberculosis is advisable, particularly those HIV-infected.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {5},
  journal = {Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992)},
  author = {Cilliers, K. and Labadarios, D. and Schaaf, H. S. and Willemse, M. and Maritz, J. S. and Werely, C. J. and Hussey, G. and Donald, P. R.},
  month = {May},
  year = {2010},
  pmid = {20146723},
  keywords = {AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adolescent, Antitubercular Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections, Humans, Infant, Isoniazid, Male, Pyridoxal Phosphate, South Africa, Tuberculosis},
  pages = {705--710}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{johnson_psychiatric_2010,
	title = {Psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children: longitudinal finding at age 11 years in the {EPICure} study.},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1527-5418},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431465},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.002},
	abstract = {To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for psychiatric disorders in extremely preterm children.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2012-05-01},
	journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry},
	author = {Johnson, Samantha and Hollis, Chris and Kochhar, Puja and Hennessy, Enid and Wolke, Dieter and Marlow, Neil},
	month = may,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20431465},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: epi, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: eti, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Behavior Disorders: diagnosis, Child Behavior Disorders: epidemiology, Child Behavior Disorders: etiology, Child Development Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disord, Great Britain, Great Britain: epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Ireland, Ireland: epidemiology, Newborn, Pervasive, Pervasive: diagnosis, Pervasive: epidemiolo, Pervasive: etiology, Premature, Prevalence, Questionnaires, Risk Factors},
	pages = {453--63.e1},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mast_burden_2010,
	title = {Burden of childhood rotavirus disease on health systems in the {United} {States}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {1532-0987},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20135751},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: To determine the burden of rotavirus disease before the introduction of rotavirus vaccines.METHODS: From February 2005 to June 2006, prospective rotavirus surveillance was conducted in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Durham, North Carolina. Children {\textless} 5 years of age presenting at hospitals and outpatient clinics with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) of {\textless} 72 hours duration were enrolled. Stool samples were first tested for rotavirus by EIA and the VP7 type was determined by RT-polymerase chain reaction for rotavirus-positive samples. Medical costs were obtained from billing or accounting data. RESULTS: A total of 1998 children were enrolled, with a mean age of 16.9 months. Among 1601 (80\%) patients with a stool specimen, 44\% were rotavirus positive. The rotavirus detection rate was 38\% for patients admitted to hospital, 60\% for patients requiring a short-stay hospital visit ({\textless} 24 hour hospitalization), 49\% for emergency department visits, and 37\% for outpatient visits. During the rotavirus season, rotavirus accounted for 56\% of all AGE cases. Only 11\% of rotavirus-positive children were assigned the rotavirus-specific ICD-9-CM code and this proportion varied considerably by clinical setting. The VP7 genotypes identified were G1, 79\%; G2, 14\%; G3, 5\%; G9, 1\%; and G12, 1\%. For children hospitalized with rotavirus, the estimated median direct cost was \$4565, the average length of stay was 1.9 days, and parents lost 3.4 days of work. For short-stay, emergency department, and outpatient visits, the estimated median costs were \$3160, \$867, and \$75, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Before the widespread use of rotavirus vaccines in the United States, rotavirus was prevalent among children treated in hospital-based and outpatient settings and was associated with a substantial proportion of pediatric medical visits for AGE.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2010-11-05},
	journal = {The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal},
	author = {Mast, T Christopher and Walter, Emmanuel B and Bulotsky, Monique and Khawaja, Shazia S and DiStefano, Daniel J and Sandquist, Mary K and Straus, Walter L and Staat, Mary Allen},
	month = feb,
	year = {2010},
	pmid = {20135751},
	keywords = {Child, Preschool, Feces, Female, Gastroenteritis, Genotype, Health Care Costs, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Infant, Length of Stay, Male, North Carolina, Ohio, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rotavirus, Rotavirus Infections},
	pages = {e19--25},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{fellman_one-year_2009,
	title = {One-year survival of extremely preterm infants after active perinatal care in {Sweden}.},
	volume = {301},
	issn = {1538-3598},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19491184},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2009.771},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Up-to-date information on infant survival after extremely preterm birth is needed for assessing perinatal care services, clinical guidelines, and parental counseling.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the 1-year survival in all infants born before 27 gestational weeks in Sweden during 2004-2007.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Population-based prospective observational study of extremely preterm infants (707 live-born and 304 stillbirths) born to 887 mothers in 904 deliveries (102 multiple births) in all obstetric and neonatal units in Sweden from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2007.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Infant survival to 365 days and survival without major neonatal morbidity (intraventricular hemorrhage grade {\textgreater}2, retinopathy of prematurity stage {\textgreater}2, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia). Associations between perinatal interventions and survival.

RESULTS: The incidence of extreme prematurity was 3.3 per 1000 infants. Overall perinatal mortality was 45\% (from 93\% at 22 weeks to 24\% at 26 weeks), with 30\% stillbirths, including 6.5\% intrapartum deaths. Of live-born infants, 91\% were admitted to neonatal intensive care and 70\% survived to 1 year of age (95\% confidence interval [CI], 67\%-73\%). The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26 weeks were 9.8\% (95\% CI, 4\%-23\%), 53\% (95\% CI, 44\%-63\%), 67\% (95\% CI, 59\%-75\%), 82\% (95\% CI, 76\%-87\%), and 85\% (95\% CI, 81\%-90\%), respectively. Lower risk of infant death was associated with tocolytic treatment (adjusted for gestational age odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95\% CI, 0.36-0.52), antenatal corticosteroids (OR, 0.44; 95\% CI, 0.24-0.81), surfactant treatment within 2 hours after birth (OR, 0.47; 95\% CI, 0.32-0.71), and birth at a level III hospital (OR, 0.49; 95\% CI, 0.32-0.75). Among 1-year survivors, 45\% had no major neonatal morbidity.

CONCLUSION: During 2004 to 2007, 1-year survival of infants born alive at 22 to 26 weeks of gestation in Sweden was 70\% and ranged from 9.8\% at 22 weeks to 85\% at 26 weeks.},
	number = {21},
	urldate = {2015-05-26},
	journal = {JAMA},
	author = {Fellman, Vineta and Hellström-Westas, Lena and Norman, Mikael and Westgren, Magnus and Källén, Karin and Lagercrantz, Hugo and Marsál, Karel and Serenius, Fredrik and Wennergren, Margareta},
	month = jun,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19491184},
	keywords = {Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Infant, Premature, Diseases: mortality, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Male, Morbidity, Perinatal Care, Perinatal Mortality, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Prospective Studies, Risk, Survival Analysis, Sweden, Sweden: epidemiology},
	pages = {2225--33},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mannisto_perinatal_2009,
	title = {Perinatal outcome of children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction or antibodies: a prospective population-based cohort study},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {1945-7197},
	shorttitle = {Perinatal outcome of children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction or antibodies},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106271},
	doi = {10.1210/jc.2008-1520},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: There are only a few large prospective studies involving evaluation of the effect of maternal thyroid dysfunction on offspring and observations are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of thyroid dysfunction or antibody positivity on perinatal outcome. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included prospective population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 including 9247 singleton pregnancies. First-trimester maternal serum samples were analyzed for thyroid hormones [TSH, free T(4) (fT4)] and antibodies [thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab)]. Mothers were classified by their hormone and antibody status into percentile categories based on laboratory data and compared accordingly. MAIN OUTCOMES: Outcomes were perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, absolute and gestational age-adjusted birth weight, and absolute and relative placental weight. RESULTS: The offspring of TPO-Ab- and TG-Ab-positive mothers had higher perinatal mortality, which was not affected by thyroid hormone status. Unadjusted and adjusted (for maternal age and parity) risk for increased perinatal mortality was an odds ratio of 3.1 (95\% confidence interval 1.4-7.1) and 3.2 (1.4-7.1) in TPO-Ab- and 2.6 (1.1-6.2) and 2.5 (1.1-5.9) in TG-Ab-positive mothers. TPO-Ab-positive mothers had more large-for-gestational age infants (2.4 vs. 0.8\%, P = 0.017), as did mothers with low TSH and high fT4 concentrations vs. reference group (6.6 vs. 2.5\%, P = 0.045). Significantly higher placental weights were observed among mothers with low TSH and high fT4 or high TSH and low fT4 levels as well as among TPO-Ab-positive mothers. CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester antibody positivity is a risk factor for perinatal death but not thyroid hormone status as such. Thyroid dysfunction early in pregnancy seems to affect fetal and placental growth.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2009-10-14},
	journal = {The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism},
	author = {Männistö, Tuija and Vääräsmäki, Marja and Pouta, Anneli and Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa and Ruokonen, Aimo and Surcel, Heljä-Marja and Bloigu, Aini and Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta and Suvanto-Luukkonen, Eila},
	month = mar,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19106271},
	keywords = {Adult, Autoantibodies, Birth Weight, Cohort Studies, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Iodide Peroxidase, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prospective Studies, Thyroglobulin, Thyroid Diseases, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine},
	pages = {772--779},
}

@article{ mcilleron_isoniazid_2009,
  title = {Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of {South} {African} children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines},
  volume = {48},
  issn = {1537-6591},
  shorttitle = {Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of {South} {African} children with tuberculosis},
  doi = {10.1086/598192},
  abstract = {BACKGROUND: In most countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, children with tuberculosis are prescribed isoniazid at dosages of 4-6 mg/kg/day, as recommended by international authorities.
METHODS: We studied isoniazid concentrations in 56 hospitalized children (median age, 3.22 years; interquartile range [IQR], 1.58-5.38 years) who received isoniazid daily (median dosage, 5.01 mg/kg/day; range, 2.94-15.58 mg/kg/day) as part of antituberculosis treatment. At 1 and 4 months after initiation of treatment, isoniazid concentrations were measured in plasma samples at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4, and 6 h after a treatment dose, to describe pharmacokinetic measures by using noncompartmental analysis. The effects of dose in milogram per kilogram, acetylator genotype, age, sex, and clinical diagnosis of kwashiorkor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on isoniazid concentrations were evaluated.
RESULTS: Median peak concentrations of isoniazid in children prescribed a dose of 4-6 mg/kg were 58% lower than those in children prescribed a dose of 8-10 mg/kg (2.39 mg/L [IQR, 1.59-3.40] vs. 5.71 mg/L [IQR, 4.74-7.62]). Peak concentrations were {\textless}3 mg/L in 70% of children prescribed a dose of 4-6 mg/kg. In contrast, children prescribed a dose of 8-12 mg/kg achieved peak concentrations approximating those in adults treated with 300 mg of isoniazid daily. Intermediate or fast acetylator genotype independently predicted a 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21%-51%) reduction in peak concentrations, compared with the slow-acetylator genotype. Each 1-mg/kg increase in the dose and each year increase in age were associated with increases in peak concentrations of 21% (95% CI, 16%-25%) and 6% (95% CI, 3%-10%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Younger children require higher doses of isoniazid per kilogram of body weight to achieve isoniazid concentrations similar to those in adults. A daily isoniazid dose of 8-12 mg/kg should be recommended.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {11},
  journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
  author = {McIlleron, Helen and Willemse, Marianne and Werely, Cedric J. and Hussey, Gregory D. and Schaaf, H. Simon and Smith, Peter J. and Donald, Peter R.},
  month = {June},
  year = {2009},
  pmid = {19392636},
  keywords = {Antitubercular Agents, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Isoniazid, Male, Plasma, South Africa, Tuberculosis},
  pages = {1547--1553}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{frye_increased_2009,
	title = {Increased prefrontal activation in adolescents born prematurely at high risk during a reading task.},
	volume = {1303},
	issn = {1872-6240},
	url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2783693&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
	doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2009.09.091},
	abstract = {Although individuals born prematurely have subtle white matter abnormalities and are at risk for cognitive dysfunction, few studies have examined functional reorganization in these individuals. In this study we use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine cortical reorganization related to prematurity. Thirty-one adolescents systemically selected from a longitudinal study on child development based on gestational age, birth weight and neonatal complications (full term, low-risk premature, high-risk premature) and reading ability (good, average or poor) performed two reading-based rhyme tasks during MEG recording. Equivalent current dipoles were localized every 4 ms during the 150 ms to 550 ms period following the onset of the word presentation. The association of the mean number of dipole (NOD) with birth risk, reading ability and latency was examined. During the real-word rhyme task, adolescents born at high-risk demonstrated a greater NOD in the left prefrontal area than those born at low-risk and term. During the non-word rhyme task, good and average readers born at high-risk demonstrated a greater NOD in the left prefrontal area than good and average readers born at low-risk and term. Time course analysis confirmed increased activation in the left prefrontal regions of those born at high-risk. This study suggests that adolescents born prematurely at high-risk, as compared to those born at low-risk and term, demonstrate increased prefrontal cortical activation during a reading task. These results suggest a reorganization of the prefrontal cortex in adolescents born prematurely at high-risk.},
	urldate = {2015-06-01},
	journal = {Brain research},
	author = {Frye, Richard E and Malmberg, Benjamin and Desouza, Laura and Swank, Paul and Smith, Karen and Landry, Susan},
	month = dec,
	year = {2009},
	pmid = {19796631},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Asphyxia Neonatorum, Asphyxia Neonatorum: complications, Asphyxia Neonatorum: physiopathology, Birth Weight, Brain Mapping, Cohort Studies, Dyslexia, Dyslexia: diagnosis, Dyslexia: etiology, Dyslexia: physiopathology, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Hypoxia, Brain, Hypoxia, Brain: complications, Hypoxia, Brain: physiopathology, Infant, Newborn, Language Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetoencephalography, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Neuronal Plasticity: physiology, Prefrontal Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex: physiopathology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, High-Risk, Pregnancy, High-Risk: physiology, Premature Birth, Premature Birth: physiopathology, Reading},
	pages = {111--9},
}

@Article{Franklin2008,
  author   = {A. Franklin and G. V. Drivonikou and L. Bevis and I. R L Davies and P. Kay and T. Regier},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Categorical perception of color is lateralized to the right hemisphere in infants, but to the left hemisphere in adults.},
  year     = {2008},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {3221-5},
  volume   = {105},
  abstract = {Both adults and infants are faster at discriminating between two colors
	from different categories than two colors from the same category,
	even when between- and within-category chromatic separation sizes
	are equated. For adults, this categorical perception (CP) is lateralized;
	the category effect is stronger for the right visual field (RVF)-left
	hemisphere (LH) than the left visual field (LVF)-right hemisphere
	(RH). Converging evidence suggests that the LH bias in color CP in
	adults is caused by the influence of lexical color codes in the LH.
	The current study investigates whether prelinguistic color CP is
	also lateralized to the LH by testing 4- to 6-month-old infants.
	A colored target was shown on a differently colored background, and
	time to initiate an eye movement to the target was measured. Target
	background pairs were either from the same or different categories,
	but with equal target-background chromatic separations. Infants were
	faster at initiating an eye movement to targets on different-category
	than same-category backgrounds, but only for targets in the LVF-RH.
	In contrast, adults showed a greater category effect when targets
	were presented to the RVF-LH. These results suggest that whereas
	color CP is stronger in the LH than RH in adults, prelinguistic CP
	in infants is lateralized to the RH. The findings suggest that language-driven
	CP in adults may not build on prelinguistic CP, but that language
	instead imposes its categories on a LH that is not categorically
	prepartitioned.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0712286105},
  keywords = {Adult, Age Factors, Color Perception, Functional Laterality, Humans, Infant, Language, Reaction Time, Visual Fields, 11163613},
}

@article{cardwell_no_2008,
	title = {No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset {Type} 1 diabetes: a matched case-control study using the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1464-5491},
	shorttitle = {No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset {Type} 1 diabetes},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02351.x},
	abstract = {AIMS: To determine whether children with infections in early life (recorded routinely in general practice) have a reduced risk of Type 1 diabetes, as would be expected from the hygiene hypothesis.
METHODS: Children with Type 1 diabetes and up to 20 matched (on year of birth, sex and region) control subjects were selected from a cohort of children born in the UK at General Practice Research Database practices. For each child, the frequency of general practitioner consultations for infections and prescriptions for antibiotics in the first year of life were determined. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% confidence intervals (95\%CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: The main analysis included 367 case and 4579 matched control subjects. There was no evidence of any reduction in the subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes in children with at least one infection in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95\%CI 0.79, 1.34) or in children prescribed antibiotics in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95\%CI 0.82, 1.29). Further analyses also revealed little evidence of a difference in subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes after different types of infection in the first year of life (including gastrointestinal, conjunctivitis, otitis media and upper and lower respiratory tract). Analyses of infections in the first 2 years of life reached similar conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence of an association between infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes and therefore does not support the hygiene hypothesis.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association},
	author = {Cardwell, C. R. and Carson, D. J. and Patterson, C. C.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18201209},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, databases as topic, infection},
	pages = {261--267}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{larsson_relationships_2008,
	title = {Relationships between parental negativity and childhood antisocial behavior over time: a bidirectional effects model in a longitudinal genetically informative design.},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {0091-0627},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17602294},
	abstract = {This study examined the direction and etiology underlying the relationships between parental negativity and early childhood antisocial behavior using a bidirectional effects model in a longitudinal genetically informative design. We analyzed parent reports of parental negativity and early childhood antisocial behavior in 6,230 pairs of twins at 4 and 7 years of age. Results from a cross-lagged twin model contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional processes involved in parental negativity and childhood antisocial behavior. Specifically, the findings of this study suggest that the association between parenting and child antisocial behavior is best explained by both parent-driven and child-driven effects. We found support for the notion that parent's negative feelings towards their children environmentally mediate the risk for child antisocial behavior. We also found evidence of genetically mediated child effects; in which genetically influenced antisocial behavior evoke parental negativity towards the child.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2014-06-02},
	journal = {Journal of abnormal child psychology},
	author = {Larsson, Henrik and Viding, Essi and Rijsdijk, Fruhling V and Plomin, Robert},
	month = jul,
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder: diagnosis, Antisocial Personality Disorder: genetics, Antisocial Personality Disorder: psychology, Child, Diseases in Twins, Diseases in Twins: diagnosis, Diseases in Twins: genetics, Diseases in Twins: psychology, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Negativism, Parent-Child Relations, Parenting, Parenting: psychology, Phenotype, Preschool, Psychological, Regression Analysis, Social Environment},
	pages = {633--45},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{ catlin_conscientious_2008-1,
  title = {Conscientious objection: a potential neonatal nursing response to care orders that cause suffering at the end of life? Study of a concept},
  volume = {27},
  issn = {0730-0832},
  shorttitle = {Conscientious objection},
  url = {http://www.sonoma.edu/users/c/catlin/conscientious%20objection.pdf},
  doi = {10.1891/0730-0832.27.2.101},
  abstract = {This article is an exploratory effort meant to solicit and provoke dialog. Conscientious objection is proposed as a potential response to the moral distress experienced by neonatal nurses. The most commonly reported cause of distress for all nurses is following orders to support patients at the end of their lives with advanced technology when palliative or comfort care would be more humane. Nurses report that they feel they are harming patients or causing suffering when they could be comforting instead. We examined the literature on moral distress, futility, and the concept of conscientious objection from the perspective of the nurse's potential response to performing advanced technologic interventions for the dying patient. We created a small pilot study to engage in clinical verification of the use of our concept of conscientious objection. Data from 66 neonatal intensive care and pediatric intensive care unit nurses who responded in a one-month period are reported here. Interest in conscientious objection to care that causes harm or suffering was very high. This article reports the analysis of conscientious objection use in neonatal care.},
  language = {eng},
  number = {2},
  journal = {Neonatal network: {NN}},
  author = {Catlin, Anita and Armigo, Christine and Volat, Deborah and Vale, Elnora and Hadley, Mary Ann and Gong, Wendy and Bassir, Ranginah and Anderson, Kelly},
  month = {April},
  year = {2008},
  pmid = {18431964},
  keywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Conflict (Psychology), Conscience, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Medical Futility, Models, Nursing, Morals, Neonatal Nursing, Nurse's Role, Nursing Methodology Research, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Palliative Care, Patient Advocacy, Pilot Projects, Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological},
  pages = {101--108}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 id = {d3b99cc5-13c9-3545-885b-7a4dc0d6a45b},
 title = {Sleep hygiene for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2008},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Caregivers,Caregivers: psychology,Child,Child Care,Child Care: methods,Child, Preschool,Developmental Disabilities,Developmental Disabilities: complications,Developmental Disabilities: diagnosis,Environment,Female,Humans,Infant,Male,Mental Disorders,Mental Disorders: complications,Mental Disorders: diagnosis,Mental Health,Parent-Child Relations,Pediatrics,Pediatrics: standards,Pediatrics: trends,Quality of Life,Risk Assessment,Severity of Illness Index,Sleep Disorders,Sleep Disorders: etiology,Sleep Disorders: rehabilitation,Stress, Psychological},
 created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
 pages = {1343-50},
 volume = {122},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19047255},
 month = {12},
 accessed = {2010-10-11},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
 group_id = {ba0deb47-e19a-3151-83cc-b6262d5edb6e},
 last_modified = {2014-07-19T19:17:22.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 citation_key = {Jan2008},
 client_data = {"desktop_id":"f412cd4a-20b9-4037-8a18-be3d160659b2"},
 abstract = {Sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are common and have a profound effect on the quality of life of the child, as well as the entire family. Although interventions for sleep problems in these children often involve a combination of behavioral and pharmacologic strategies, the first line of treatment is the promotion of improved sleep habits or "hygiene." Despite the importance of sleep-hygiene principles, defined as basic optimal environmental, scheduling, sleep-practice, and physiologic sleep-promoting factors, clinicians often lack appropriate knowledge and skills to implement them. In addition, sleep-hygiene practices may need to be modified and adapted for this population of children and are often more challenging to implement compared with their healthy counterparts. This first comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of sleep hygiene for children with disabilities presents the rationale for incorporating these measures in their treatment, outlines both general and specific sleep-promotion practices, and discusses problem-solving strategies for implementing them in a variety of clinical practice settings.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Jan, James E and Owens, Judith a and Weiss, Margaret D and Johnson, Kyle P and Wasdell, Michael B and Freeman, Roger D and Ipsiroglu, Osman S},
 journal = {Pediatrics},
 number = {6}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{geva_neurobiological_2008,
	title = {A neurobiological model for the effects of early brainstem functioning on the development of behavior and emotion regulation in infants: implications for prenatal and perinatal risk.},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {1469-7610},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18771507},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01918.x},
	abstract = {Neurobiological models propose an evolutionary, vertical-integrative perspective on emotion and behavior regulation, which postulates that regulatory functions are processed along three core brain systems: the brainstem, limbic, and cortical systems. To date, few developmental studies applied these models to research on prenatal and perinatal risk. We propose a conceptual model that incorporates three integrated levels of observations for the study of early risk: (a) brainstem-related physiological regulation of cyclic processes and sensory integration, e.g., vagal regulation, circadian rhythms; (b) emotion and attention regulation capacities that draw on the integration of brainstem and limbic systems; and (c) higher-level outcomes that draw on the intactness of brainstem and limbic networks, including socio-emotional self-regulation, inhibitory control, and cognitive processing. We discuss implications of the model for the development of regulatory capacities during the prenatal and early postnatal stages in infants born with specific perinatal risk. We underscore the importance of assessing sub-cortical and brainstem systems and the longitudinal effects of transitory brainstem dysfunction on physiological homeostasis, motivation, arousal-modulated attention, stress reactivity, and mother-infant co-regulation. The assessment of brainstem dysfunction can be conducted during hospitalization and may help detect infants at risk for the development of self-regulatory deficits at the first weeks of life.},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2012-04-26},
	journal = {Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines},
	author = {Geva, Ronny and Feldman, Ruth},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	pmid = {18771507},
	keywords = {Brain Stem, Brain Stem: embryology, Brain Stem: physiology, Developmental Disabilities, Developmental Disabilities: physiopathology, Developmental Disabilities: prevention \& control, Emotions, Emotions: physiology, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Higher Nervous Activity, Higher Nervous Activity: physiology, Homeostasis, Homeostasis: physiology, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Infant Behavior: physiology, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Models, Neurological, Risk},
	pages = {1031--41},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{luscombe_weight_2007,
	title = {Weight estimation in resuscitation: is the current formula still valid?},
	volume = {92},
	issn = {1468-2044},
	shorttitle = {Weight estimation in resuscitation},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17213259},
	doi = {10.1136/adc.2006.107284},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To gather data on the ages and weights of paediatric patients between 1 and 10 years of age, and to compare these data with the current weight estimation formula weight(kg) = 2(age+4). If a significant difference was found, the data would be used to derive a more accurate formula. DESIGN: Retrospective study using data collected from paediatric attendances at an emergency department (ED). SETTING: A large ED in a major UK city, treating both children and adults. Patients: 17 244 children aged 1-10 years, attending the ED between June and December 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight difference between the measured weight and the expected weight, the latter given by weight = 2(age+4). RESULTS: The weights of seriously ill children were recorded in only 41.5\% of cases, necessitating a weight estimate in the remainder. The formula weight = 2(age+4) underestimated children's weights by a mean of 18.8\% (95\% confidence interval (95\% CI) 18.42\% to 19.18\%). Using linear regression and analysis of each individual age group, ten new formulas were tested. Of these formulas, weight(kg) = 3(age)+7 proved the most accurate with a mean underestimate of just 2.48\% (95\% CI 2.17\% to 2.79\%). CONCLUSIONS: Weight estimation remains of paramount importance in paediatric resuscitation. This study shows that the current estimation formula provides a significant underestimate of children's weights. When used to calculate drug and fluid dosages, this may lead to the under-resuscitation of a critically ill child. The formula weight(kg) = 3(age)+7 provided a safe and more accurate estimate of the weight of today's child.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2010-03-18},
	journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood},
	author = {Luscombe, Mark and Owens, Ben},
	month = may,
	year = {2007},
	pmid = {17213259},
	keywords = {Aging, Anthropometry, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Models, Biological, Reference Values, Resuscitation},
	pages = {412--415},
}

@article{kuhl_infants_2006,
	title = {Infants show a facilitation effect for native language phonetic perception between 6 and 12 months},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1363-755X},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00468.x},
	abstract = {Patterns of developmental change in phonetic perception are critical to theory development. Many previous studies document a decline in nonnative phonetic perception between 6 and 12 months of age. However, much less experimental attention has been paid to developmental change in native-language phonetic perception over the same time period. We hypothesized that language experience in the first year facilitates native-language phonetic performance between 6 and 12 months of age. We tested 6-8- and 10-12-month-old infants in the United States and Japan to examine native and nonnative patterns of developmental change using the American English /r-l/ contrast. The goals of the experiment were to: (a) determine whether facilitation characterizes native-language phonetic change between 6 and 12 months of age, (b) examine the decline previously observed for nonnative contrasts and (c) test directional asymmetries for consonants. The results show a significant increase in performance for the native-language contrast in the first year, a decline in nonnative perception over the same time period, and indicate directional asymmetries that are constant across age and culture. We argue that neural commitment to native-language phonetic properties explains the pattern of developmental change in the first year.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Developmental Science},
	author = {Kuhl, Patricia K. and Stevens, Erica and Hayashi, Akiko and Deguchi, Toshisada and Kiritani, Shigeru and Iverson, Paul},
	month = mar,
	year = {2006},
	pmid = {16472309},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Cultural Characteristics, Female, Humans, Infant, Japan, Language Development, Male, Phonetics, Speech Perception, United States},
	pages = {F13--F21},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Child passenger safety for inner-city Latinos: new approaches from the community.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attitudes,Automobiles,Child,Community Health Services,Community Health Services: organization & administ,Female,Health Education,Health Education: methods,Health Knowledge,Hispanic Americans,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Infant Equipment: utilization,Male,Middle Aged,Newborn,Parents,Practice,Preschool,Program Evaluation,United States,Urban Health Services,Urban Health Services: organization & administrati,Wounds and Injuries,Wounds and Injuries: ethnology,Wounds and Injuries: prevention & control},
 pages = {99-104},
 volume = {12},
 websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2577363&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
 month = {4},
 id = {87fdea4a-6f0c-3a6b-86a9-61cad4b0a1b7},
 created = {2016-09-13T00:48:25.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-09-05},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
 group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
 last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:52.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Motor vehicle crashes injuries, the leading cause of death for Latino children in the United States, can be reduced by the correct use of child safety seats. This study evaluated the ability of a community health worker education program to improve proper child safety seat usage in urban low income Latino families.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Martin, M. and Holden, J. and Chen, Z. and Quinlan, K.},
 journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention},
 number = {2}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Car seat safety for high-risk infants.},
 type = {article},
 year = {2006},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Accident Prevention,Body Size,Choice Behavior,Clinical Competence,Equipment Design,Equipment Failure,Guidelines as Topic,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Infant Equipment: adverse effects,Infant Equipment: standards,Infant Equipment: supply & distribution,Information Services,Intensive Care,Internet,Neonatal,Neonatal Nursing,Neonatal Nursing: organization & administration,Newborn,Nurse's Role,Nursing Assessment,Parents,Parents: education,Parents: psychology,Patient Discharge,Posture,Premature,Safety Management,Safety Management: organization & administration},
 pages = {117-29},
 volume = {25},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16610484},
 id = {e7a39718-3128-3251-9c50-4cbba5e2c22a},
 created = {2016-09-13T00:48:28.000Z},
 accessed = {2016-09-05},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
 group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
 last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:55.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {false},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {Most neonates discharged from the hospital are able to go home in a standard car safety seat. Some infants, though, require special devices to ensure their safe travel. NICU nurses must have the knowledge and skills to comfortably and competently give vital information to parents preparing to take their infant home. This article is intended to increase awareness among NICU nurses of the potential dangers babies face when placed in a car seat. It provides a basic overview of car seat safety for infants being discharged home from an NICU and includes references for those who seek further information on this topic.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Howard-Salsman, Kimberly D.},
 journal = {Neonatal network : NN},
 number = {2}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{cherry_defining_2005,
	title = {Defining pertussis epidemiology: clinical, microbiologic and serologic perspectives},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {0891-3668},
	shorttitle = {Defining pertussis epidemiology},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15876920},
	doi = {00006454-200505001-00005},
	abstract = {In the past decade, numerous sources have noted an increase in reported pertussis in highly immunized populations. This has been accompanied by a perceived change in disease epidemiology, characterized by a significant increase in reported pertussis incidence among adolescents and adults. In populations where children are routinely immunized, adolescents and adults now constitute the main source of infection in infants. However, a range of factors makes delineation of these epidemiologic trends difficult. Reported cases of pertussis represent only a fraction of the actual number of Bordetella pertussis symptomatic infections, because underconsulting, underrecognition and underdiagnosis are widespread and are a particular problem in adolescents and adults. Possible explanations for failure to diagnose pertussis include the heterogeneity in pertussis disease expression and low physician awareness and index of suspicion. Consequently defining pertussis from a clinical perspective is difficult, and this is reflected by a lack of consistency between case definitions. Although case definitions for specific circumstances have been established by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Disease Control, these are not universally useful, making intercountry comparisons and global evaluation difficult. Less-than-optimal and poorly performed laboratory tests, or their lack of availability, also make confirmation of B. pertussis infection difficult. To overcome these problems, clinical case definitions should be standardized for outbreak and endemic situations. Rapid, easy-to-use and inexpensive laboratory diagnostic techniques also must be made available and be widely implemented. In particular, polymerase chain reaction and single serum serology are 2 techniques that should be more widely adopted.},
	number = {5 Suppl},
	urldate = {2008-10-01},
	journal = {The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal},
	author = {Cherry, James D and Grimprel, Emmanuel and Guiso, Nicole and Heininger, Ulrich and Mertsola, Jussi},
	month = may,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15876920},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Bordetella pertussis, Child, Child, Preschool, Communicable Disease Control, Cough, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, Disease Notification, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Male, Risk Assessment, Serologic Tests, Sex Distribution, Vaccination, Whooping Cough, World Health, World Health Organization},
	pages = {S25--34},
}

@article{helms_utility_2005,
	title = {Utility of routinely acquired primary care data for paediatric disease epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology},
	volume = {59},
	issn = {0306-5251},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02404.x},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The majority of medicines prescribed for children are prescribed in primary care for common acute and chronic conditions. This is in contrast to prescribing in secondary care where the population of children admitted is small but where a large number of different medicines are prescribed to treat more serious and less common conditions.
METHODS: Data on prescribing was extracted from the General Practice Administration System for Scotland (GPASS) for the year November 1999 to October 2000 and prescribing patterns for children aged 0-16 years expressed as percentages. A comparison of age specific consultations for asthma, as an example of a common paediatric condition, was also made between two separate general practice data sets, the General Practice Research Database (GRPD) and the continuous morbidity recording (CMR) subset of GPASS.
RESULTS: Of 214 medicines investigated for unlicensed and off-label prescribing no unlicensed prescribing was identified. Off-label prescribing due to age was most common among younger and older children. The most common reasons for off-label prescriptions were, in order of frequency, lower than recommended dose, higher than recommended dose, below the recommended age, and unlicensed formulation. Age and gender specific consultations for asthma were similar in the two representative databases, GPRD and CMR, both showing disappearance of the male predominance in the teenage years.
CONCLUSIONS: Large primary care data sets available within a unified health care system such as the UK National Health Service (NHS) are likely to be broadly compatible and produce similar results. The prescribing of off-label medicines to children is common in primary care, most commonly due to prescribing out with the recommended dosage regimen.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
	author = {Helms, Peter J. and Ekins Daukes, Suzie and Taylor, Michael W. and Simpson, Colin R. and McLay, James S.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2005},
	pmid = {15948933},
	pmcid = {PMC1884863},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Age Distribution, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Drug Approval, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Pediatrics, Primary Health Care, Reproducibility of Results, Scotland, State Medicine, pharmacoepidemiology},
	pages = {684--690}
}

@article{cassia_can_2004,
	title = {Can a nonspecific bias toward top-heavy patterns explain newborns' face preference?},
	volume = {15},
	doi = {10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00688.x},
	abstract = {This study examined newborns' face preference using images of natural and scrambled faces in which the location of the inner features was distorted. The results demonstrate that newborns' face preference is not confined to schematic configurations, but can be obtained also with veridical faces. Moreover, this phenomenon is not produced by a specific bias toward the face geometry, but derives from a domain-general bias toward configurations with more elements in the upper than in the lower half (i.e., top-heavy patterns). These results suggest that it may be unnecessary to assume the existence of a prewired tendency to orient toward the face geometry, and support the idea that faces do not possess a special status in newborns' visual world.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Psychol Sci},
	author = {Cassia, Viola Macchi and Turati, Chiara and Simion, Francesca},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15147490},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 0956-7976},
	keywords = {Choice Behavior, Cognition, Face, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't},
	pages = {379--383},
}

@Article{Backwell2004,
  author   = {Patricia R Y Backwell and Michael D Jennions},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Animal behaviour: {C}oalition among male fiddler crabs.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {6998},
  pages    = {417},
  volume   = {430},
  abstract = {Until now, no compelling evidence has emerged from studies of animal
	territoriality to indicate that a resident will strategically help
	a neighbour to defend its territory against an intruder. We show
	here that territory-owning Australian fiddler crabs will judiciously
	assist other crabs in defending their neighbouring territories. This
	cooperation supports the prediction that it is sometimes less costly
	to assist a familiar neighbour than to renegotiate boundaries with
	a new, and possibly stronger, neighbour.},
  doi      = {10.1038/430417a},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Pair Bond, Social Behavior, Songbirds, Adolescent, England, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Korea, Language, Semantics, Vocabulary, Action Potentials, Hippocampus, Pyramidal Cells, Rats, Rotation, Australia, Brachyura, Cooperative Behavior, Logistic Models, Territoriality, 15269757},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{anderson_executive_2004,
	title = {Executive functioning in school-aged children who were born very preterm or with extremely low birth weight in the 1990s.},
	volume = {114},
	issn = {1098-4275},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231907},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, nature, and severity of executive dysfunction (EDF) at 8 years of age in extremely low birth weight (ELBW)/very preterm infants who were born in the 1990s, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects.

METHODS: A geographically determined cohort study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The ELBW/very preterm cohort comprised 298 consecutive survivors at 2 years of age who had gestational ages {\textless}28 completed weeks or birth weights {\textless}1000 g and were born during 1991-1992. The NBW cohort comprised 262 randomly selected children of birth weight {\textgreater}2499 g matched on date of birth, gender, ethnicity, and health insurance status. The participation rate was 92\% (275 of 298) for the ELBW/very preterm cohort and 85\% (223 of 262) for the NBW cohort. Cognitive and behavioral measures of executive functioning were administered.

RESULTS: The ELBW/very preterm cohort exhibited significant EDF compared with their NBW peers in all areas assessed. The cognitive assessment revealed global impairment rather than deficits in specific executive domains. The ELBW/very preterm children also displayed more behavioral problems indicative of EDF than the NBW children. Severe impairments were exhibited in only a small minority of ELBW/very preterm children. No statistical conclusions were altered after adjustment for sociodemographic variables or when children with substantial neurosensory impairment were excluded.

CONCLUSIONS: School-aged children who were born in the 1990s and were very preterm or had ELBW are at greater risk for developing EDF and require ongoing neuropsychological review throughout middle childhood.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2015-05-26},
	journal = {Pediatrics},
	author = {Anderson, Peter J and Doyle, Lex W},
	month = jul,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15231907},
	keywords = {Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Cohort Studies, Developmental Disabilities, Female, Form Perception, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Intelligence, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests},
	pages = {50--7},
}

@article{steen_violence_2004,
	title = {Violence in an urban community from the perspective of an accident and emergency department: a two-year prospective study},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {1234-1010},
	shorttitle = {Violence in an urban community from the perspective of an accident and emergency department},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Information about violence in a given community is usually based on crime statistics. The aim of this study was to explore violence in an urban community from the perspective of an accident and emergency department.
MATERIAL/METHODS: All assault victims treated at the Bergen Accident and Emergency Department (AED) during a two-year period (1994-1996) were prospectively registered, and data were collected about the patients and the assault incidents. To assess the proportion of unrecognized assault victims treated at the AED, an anonymous questionnaire was sent to all adult patients (first-time consultations) who visited the AED during a ten-day period in 1997.
RESULTS: 1803 assault victims were registered, 433 of whom (24\%) were females. Most of the victims were young men assaulted at public locations, under the influence of alcohol, often by unknown attackers, and frequently feeling that the attack was unprovoked (and thus defined as street violence). Few victims of child abuse or elder abuse were identified. About 40\% of the females were victims of domestic violence. Non-Norwegians, unemployed, and people living in economically deprived areas of the community were over represented. A minority of the assault victims wanted to press legal charges. From the postal survey (n=1264, response rate 43\%) few unrecognized victims of violence could be identified among our patients.
CONCLUSIONS: An accident and emergency department registration of violence victims will mostly identify male victims of street violence.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research},
	author = {Steen, Knut and Hunskaar, Steinar},
	month = feb,
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {14737047},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Crime Victims, Domestic Violence, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Periodicity, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Urban Population, Violence},
	pages = {CR75--79},
}

@Article{Scholl2004,
  author   = {Brian J Scholl and Ken Nakayama},
  journal  = {Perception},
  title    = {Illusory causal crescents: {M}isperceived spatial relations due to perceived causality.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {455-69},
  volume   = {33},
  abstract = {When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent,
	at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collision--ie
	we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters
	which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many
	studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception.
	Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality
	affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved
	in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the
	amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as
	a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the
	event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of
	the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when
	the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation.
	This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed
	completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect
	the perception of other spatial properties.},
  keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intraductal, Judgment, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15222393},
}

@article{howard_medical_2003,
	title = {Medical outcome of pregnancy in women with psychotic disorders and their infants in the first year after birth},
	volume = {182},
	issn = {0007-1250},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: There has been little research into the health of infants of women with psychotic disorders.
AIMS: To investigate the antenatal care of mothers with a history of psychotic disorders, obstetric outcomes and the subsequent health of their babies.
METHOD: A matched, controlled cohort study was carried out using the General Practice Research Database. Women with a history of a psychotic disorder, who gave birth in 1996-1998, were compared with women matched for age and general practice (199 cases and 787 controls) and their infants.
RESULTS: Cases had a higher proportion of stillbirths (OR=4.03, 95\% CI 1.14-4.25, P=0.03) and neonatal deaths (P{\textless}0.001). There was no difference in gestational age at antenatal booking. Mothers with psychotic disorders were less likely than controls to attend for infant immunisations 90-270 days after birth (RR=0.94, 95\% CI 0.88-0.99, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the rates of accidents and hospital contacts for infants.
CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in women with a history of psychotic disorder, and it is therefore important for health care professionals to focus on optimal obstetric care. The physical health of babies who live with mothers with psychotic disorders is not significantly different from that of matched baby controls.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science},
	author = {Howard, Louise M. and Goss, Claudia and Leese, Morven and Thornicroft, Graham},
	month = jan,
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12509320},
	keywords = {Accidents, Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Female, Fetal Death, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunization, Infant, Newborn, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, Psychotic Disorders, Smoking, pregnancy},
	pages = {63--67}
}

@Article{VanMarle2003,
  author   = {Kristy VanMarle and Brian J Scholl},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Attentive tracking of objects versus substances.},
  year     = {2003},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {498-504},
  volume   = {14},
  abstract = {Recent research in vision science, infant cognition, and word learning
	suggests a special role for the processing of discrete objects. But
	what counts as an object? Answers to this question often depend on
	contrasting object-based processing with the processing of spatial
	areas or unbound visual features. In infant cognition and word learning,
	though, another salient contrast has been between rigid cohesive
	objects and nonsolid substances. Whereas objects may move from one
	location to another, a nonsolid substance must pour from one location
	to another. In the study reported here, we explored whether attentive
	tracking processes are sensitive to dynamic information of this type.
	Using a multiple-object tracking task, we found that subjects could
	easily track four items in a display of eight identical unpredictably
	moving entities that moved as discrete objects from one location
	to another, but could not track similar entities that noncohesively
	"poured" from one location to another-even when the items in both
	conditions followed the same trajectories at the same speeds. Other
	conditions revealed that this inability to track multiple "substances"
	stemmed not from violations of rigidity or cohesiveness per se, because
	subjects were able to track multiple noncohesive collections and
	multiple nonrigid deforming objects. Rather, the impairment was due
	to the dynamic extension and contraction during the substancelike
	motion, which rendered the location of the entity ambiguous. These
	results demonstrate a convergence between processes of midlevel adult
	vision and infant cognition, and in general help to clarify what
	can count as a persisting dynamic object of attention.},
  keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimony Sodium Gluconate, Antineoplastic Agents, Antiviral Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Bone and Bones, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Chronic Disease, Clarithromycin, Cognition, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cross Infection, Cues, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, Electrocoagulation, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intervertebral Disk, Intraductal, Judgment, Legionnaires' Disease, Leishmaniasis, Liver Transplantation, Low Back Pain, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Middle Aged, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, Osteonecrosis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Postoperative Complications, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Schistosomicides, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Viral Load, Visceral, Visual, Visual Perception, 12930483},
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Population screening in the age of genomic medicine},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 keywords = {*Genetic Screening/ethics/legislation & jurisprude,*Neonatal Screening/ethics/legislation & jurisprud,Adult,Child,Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis/genetics,Factor V/genetics,Female,Genomics,Hemochromatosis/diagnosis/genetics,Heterozygote,Human,Infant, Newborn,Point Mutation,Tay-Sachs Disease/diagnosis/genetics},
 pages = {50-58},
 volume = {348},
 id = {4a011104-dc6c-3027-acd0-5bcf83e843dd},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:20.292Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:20.533Z},
 tags = {03/09/17},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Tutorial</m:note>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Khoury, M J and McCabe, L L and McCabe, E R},
 journal = {N Engl J Med},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{
 title = {What is the Birth Defect Risk Associated With Consanguineous Marriages ?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Consanguinity,Abnormalities/*genetics,Child,Female,Human,Infant,Male,Preschool,Risk Factors},
 pages = {70-71},
 volume = {109},
 id = {f8021355-3e47-3c4b-b4f4-b8bb58d6fc41},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:00.462Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:00.784Z},
 tags = {04/11/22},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>        <m:bold>From Duplicate 1 ( </m:bold>        <m:bold>          </m:bold><m:bold><m:italic>What is the birth defect risk associated with consanguineous marriages?</m:italic></m:bold><m:bold>        </m:bold>        <m:bold> - Zlotogora, J )<m:linebreak/>        </m:bold>        <m:linebreak/>Case Reports<m:linebreak/>Letter<m:linebreak/>        <m:linebreak/>      </m:note>},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Zlotogora, Joël},
 journal = {American journal of medical genetics},
 number = {1}
}

@article{sutton_generalized_2002-1,
	title = {Generalized synthesis of evidence and the threat of dissemination bias. the example of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring ({EFM})},
	volume = {55},
	issn = {0895-4356},
	doi = {10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00460-2},
	abstract = {Assessment of the potential impact of dissemination bias is necessary for meta-analysis. When evidence is available from studies of different designs, the different study types may be affected by dissemination bias to differing degrees. The evidence relating to electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (EFM) for preventing perinatal mortality is used to explore the feasibility of carrying out a dissemination bias assessment in a generalized synthesis of evidence (gse) framework. Visual inspection of funnel plots, statistical tests, and methods to "adjust" the results of a meta-analysis are all used in an extensive sensitivity analysis. The potential impact of dissemination bias on gse models synthesizing all the evidence together is also reported. Detailed consideration is given to the influence of meta-analysis model choice, and outcome scale used. Using the risk difference scale, funnel plots of the observational studies appeared highly asymmetric. However, further explorations show these conclusions are not robust over use of different outcome measures or different meta-analysis models. Researchers should be aware that dissemination bias may affect different sources of evidence differently. Although assessments such as those described here are recommended, awareness of their lack of robustness to outcome scale and model choice is important. Further research into methods to assess dissemination bias that are invariant to these factors is needed.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {Journal of Clinical Epidemiology},
	author = {Sutton, A. J. and Abrams, K. R. and Jones, D. R.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2002},
	pmid = {12464378},
	keywords = {Cardiotocography, Cardiovascular Diseases, Fetal Death, Humans, Infant, Infant Mortality, Information Dissemination, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Newborn, Publication Bias, Research Design, Selection Bias},
	pages = {1013--1024},
}

@Article{Gawne2002,
  author   = {Timothy J Gawne and Julie M Martin},
  journal  = {J Neurophysiol},
  title    = {Responses of primate visual cortical {V}4 neurons to simultaneously presented stimuli.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {1128-35},
  volume   = {88},
  abstract = {We report here results from 45 primate V4 visual cortical neurons
	to the preattentive presentations of seven different patterns located
	in two separate areas of the same receptive field and to combinations
	of the patterns in the two locations. For many neurons, we could
	not determine any clear relationship for the responses to two simultaneous
	stimuli. However, for a substantial fraction of the neurons we found
	that the firing rate was well modeled as the maximum firing rate
	of each stimulus presented separately. It has previously been proposed
	that taking the maximum of the inputs ("MAX" operator) could be a
	useful operation for neurons in visual cortex, although there has
	until now been little direct physiological evidence for this hypothesis.
	Our results here provide direct support for the hypothesis that the
	MAX operator plays a significant (although certainly not exclusive)
	role in generating the receptive field properties of visual cortical
	neurons.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, 12205134},
}

@Article{Pinker2002a,
  author   = {Steven Pinker and Michael T Ullman},
  journal  = {Trends Cogn Sci},
  title    = {The past and future of the past tense.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {11},
  pages    = {456-463},
  volume   = {6},
  abstract = {What is the interaction between storage and computation in language
	processing? What is the psychological status of grammatical rules?
	What are the relative strengths of connectionist and symbolic models
	of cognition? How are the components of language implemented in the
	brain? The English past tense has served as an arena for debates
	on these issues. We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms
	are stored in the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas
	regular forms can be computed by a concatenation rule, which requires
	the procedural system. Irregulars have the psychological, linguistic
	and neuropsychological signatures of lexical memory, whereas regulars
	often have the signatures of grammatical processing. Furthermore,
	because regular inflection is rule-driven, speakers can apply it
	whenever memory fails.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, 12457895},
}

@Article{Freedman2002,
  author   = {David J Freedman and Maximilian Riesenhuber and Tomaso Poggio and Earl K Miller},
  journal  = {J Neurophysiol},
  title    = {Visual categorization and the primate prefrontal cortex: {N}europhysiology and behavior.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {929-41},
  volume   = {88},
  abstract = {The ability to group stimuli into meaningful categories is a fundamental
	cognitive process. To explore its neuronal basis, we trained monkeys
	to categorize computer-generated stimuli as "cats" and "dogs." A
	morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and
	precisely define a category boundary. Psychophysical testing and
	analysis of eye movements suggest that the monkeys categorized the
	stimuli by attending to multiple stimulus features. Neuronal activity
	in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflected the category of visual
	stimuli and changed with learning when a monkey was retrained with
	the same stimuli assigned to new categories. Further, many neurons
	showed activity that appeared to reflect the monkey's decision about
	whether two stimuli were from the same category or not. These results
	suggest that the lateral prefrontal cortex is an important part of
	the neuronal circuitry underlying category learning and category-based
	behaviors.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, 12163542},
}

@article{coleman_endemic_2001,
	title = {Endemic stability--a veterinary idea applied to human public health.},
	volume = {357},
	issn = {0140-6736 0140-6736},
	abstract = {Endemic stability is an epidemiological state of a population, in which clinical  disease is scarce despite high level of infection. The notion was developed to describe patterns of tick-borne disease in cattle. However, we propose a general  model of endemic stability that is applicable to a broader range of diseases that are important in public health, including malaria, rubella, and mumps. We postulate that endemic stability requires only that (1) the probability, or severity, of clinical disease after infection increases with age, and (2) after one infection, the probability that subsequent infections result in disease is reduced. We present these criteria in simple mathematical terms. Our hypothesis predicts that partial disease control activities might, under certain circumstances, lead to an increase in disease incidence. We discuss the implications for public health interventions.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9264},
	journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
	author = {Coleman, P. G. and Perry, B. D. and Woolhouse, M. E.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2001},
	pmid = {11418173},
	keywords = {*Endemic Diseases, *Epidemiologic Methods, *Models, Theoretical, *Public Health, Age Distribution, Animals, Child, Preschool, Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn},
	pages = {1284--1286}
}

@Article{Wolff2001,
  author   = {C Wolff and E Schr\"oger},
  journal  = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res},
  title    = {Activation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system by tone repetitions with fast stimulation rate.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {323-7},
  volume   = {10},
  abstract = {The human automatic pre-attentive change detection system indexed
	by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related
	brain potential is known to be highly adaptive. The present study
	showed that even infrequent repetitions of tones can elicit MMN,
	independently of attention, when tones of varying frequency are rapidly
	presented in an isochronous rhythm. This demonstrates that frequency
	variation can be extracted as an invariant feature of the acoustic
	environment revealing the capacity for adaptation of the auditory
	pre-attentive change detection system. It is argued that this capacity
	is related to the temporal-window of integration.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, Broca, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, X-Ray Computed, 11167055},
}

@Article{Fiser2001,
  author   = {J Fiser and Richard N Aslin},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {6},
  pages    = {499-504},
  volume   = {12},
  abstract = {Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract
	the joint and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences during
	passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that
	statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic,
	as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particularfeatures
	of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency,
	subjects acquired in parallel several different higher-order aspects
	of the statistical structure of the displays, including absolute
	shape-position relations in an array, shape-pair arrangements independent
	of position, and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences.
	Unsupervised learning of these higher-order statistics provides support
	for Barlow's theory of visual recognition, which posits that detecting
	"suspicious coincidences" of elements during recognition is a necessary
	prerequisite for efficient learning of new visual features.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, 11760138},
}

@Article{Scholl2001b,
  author   = {B. J. Scholl},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {Objects and attention: {T}he state of the art.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {1-2},
  pages    = {1-46},
  volume   = {80},
  abstract = {What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding
	that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent
	work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete
	objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such
	'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate
	to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts,
	and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood,
	including the question of how attended objects are individuated in
	time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions
	and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues
	beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory
	objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.},
  keywords = {80 and over, Adenoviridae, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attention, Auditory Perception, Biopsy, Bone Nails, Bone Neoplasms, Bone Screws, Bone Transplantation, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Comparative Study, Concept Formation, Constriction, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, Femoral Neoplasms, Femur Head, Femur Neck, Fibula, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Gene Expression, Gene Transfer Techniques, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hepatitis, Homologous, Humans, Inbred Strains, Infant, Injections, Internal, Intramedullary, Intravenous, Judgment, Knee Joint, Liver, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Meta-Analysis, Middle Aged, Models, Motion, Motion Perception, Needle, Neoplasms, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Perceptual Distortion, Portal Vein, Preschool, Problem Solving, Psychological, Radiation-Induced, Rats, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Second Primary, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Perception, Space Perception, Spontaneous, Squamous Cell, Students, Time Factors, Tomography, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, X-Ray Computed, 11245838},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Multivariate frailty model with a major gene: application to genealogical data},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,*Models, Genetic,Adolescent,Adult,Alleles,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Genotype,Humans,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Mathematical Computing,Multivariate Analysis,Quebec,Risk,Software,Survival Analysis},
 pages = {412-416},
 volume = {77},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11187585},
 id = {23588418-0e3c-33dd-b0e4-fed475556b34},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:21.917Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.080Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0926-9630<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Multivariate survival models are shown to be appropriate for the analysis of the genetic and the environmental nature of a human life-span. Models which involve continuously distributed individual frailty, play an important role in the genetic analysis of an individual's susceptibility to disease and death. These models, however, are not appropriate for the detection of the effects of separate genes on survival. For this purpose we developed a 'major gene' frailty model of multivariate survival and applied it to simulated and real pedigree data. The analysis shows that this model can be used for the detection of the presence of major genes in the population and for the evaluation of the effects of such genes on survival.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Begun, A and Desjardins, B and Iachine, I and Yashin, A},
 journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}
}

@Article{Thoroughman2000,
  author   = {KA Thoroughman and R Shadmehr},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives.},
  year     = {2000},
  number   = {6805},
  pages    = {742-7},
  volume   = {407},
  abstract = {Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental
	challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements
	through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive
	is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms
	desired limb trajectories into motor commands. Theoretical studies
	have shown that a system's ability to learn action depends on the
	shape of its primitives. Using a time-series analysis of error patterns,
	here we show that humans learn the dynamics of reaching movements
	through a flexible combination of primitives that have gaussian-like
	tuning functions encoding hand velocity. The wide tuning of the inferred
	primitives predicts limitations on the brain's ability to represent
	viscous dynamics. We find close agreement between the predicted limitations
	and the subjects' adaptation to new force fields. The mathematical
	properties of the derived primitives resemble the tuning curves of
	Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The activity of these cells may
	encode primitives that underlie the learning of dynamics.},
  doi      = {10.1038/35037588},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, 11048700},
}

@Article{Hauser2000a,
  author   = {Marc D Hauser and Susan Carey and L. B. Hauser},
  journal  = {Proc Biol Sci},
  title    = {Spontaneous number representation in semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys.},
  year     = {2000},
  number   = {1445},
  pages    = {829-833},
  volume   = {267},
  abstract = {Previous research has shown that animals possess considerable numerical
	abilities. However, this work was based on experiments involving
	extensive training, a small number of captive subjects and relatively
	artificial testing procedures. We present the results of experiments
	on over 200 semi-free-ranging rhesus monkeys using a task which involves
	no training and mimics a natural foraging problem. The subjects observed
	two experimenters place pieces of apple, one at a time, into each
	of two opaque containers. The experimenters then walked away so that
	the subjects could approach. The monkeys chose the container with
	the greater number of apple slices when the comparisons were one
	versus two, two versus three, three versus four and three versus
	five slices. They failed at four versus five, four versus six, four
	versus eight and three versus eight slices. Controls established
	that it was the representation of number which underlay their successful
	choices rather than the amount of time spent placing apple pieces
	into the box or the volume of apple placed in the box. The failures
	at values greater than three slices stand in striking contrast to
	other animal studies where training was involved and in which far
	superior numerical abilities were demonstrated. The range of success
	achieved by rhesus monkeys in this spontaneous-number task matches
	the range achieved by human infants and corresponds to the range
	encoded in the syntax of natural languages.},
  doi      = {10.1098/rspb.2000.1078},
  keywords = {Animal, Animals, Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Infant, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mathematics, Mental Processes, 10819154},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Combined treatment of fourth ventricle ependymomas: report of 26 cases},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: th,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Child,Combined Modality Therapy,Cranial Fossa,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Fourth Ventricle,Fourth Ventricle: radiation effects,Fourth Ventricle: surgery,Humans,Infant,Male,Middle Aged,Posterior,Posterior: radiation effects,Posterior: surgery,Preschool,Radiotherapy Dosage,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome},
 pages = {19-26; discussion 26},
 volume = {54},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11024503},
 month = {7},
 id = {7cd94e64-54ff-3d5c-8cac-190b02d239a4},
 created = {2013-08-05T21:04:27.000Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
 group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
 last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:55.000Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 abstract = {This study investigated the relevance of prognostic factors and the impact of histological features in posterior fossa ependymoma.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Spagnoli, D and Tomei, G and Ceccarelli, G and Grimoldi, N and Lanterna, A and Bello, L and Sinisi, M M and De Santis, A and Villani, R M},
 journal = {Surgical Neurology},
 number = {1}
}

@article{
 title = {Familial cancer risks to offspring from mothers with 2 primary breast cancers: leads to cancer syndromes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adolescence,Adult,Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics,Child,Child, Preschool,Databases, Factual,Family Health,Female,Human,Incidence,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Male,Middle Age,Mothers,Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology/*genetics,Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics,Risk Factors,Socioeconomic Factors,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sweden/epidemiology},
 pages = {87-91.},
 volume = {88},
 id = {588e6ac8-7072-3509-b985-6895b25455d2},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:44.036Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:44.218Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse the risk of cancer among the offspring of bilateral breast cancer patients. We studied 4,734 such mothers who had 9,391 offspring, of whom 328 presented with a primary cancer in the years 1958-1996. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were increased for breast [SIR 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-3.59], ovarian (SIR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.05) and anogenital (SIR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.63) cancers and childhood sarcomas (SIR 9.39, 95% CI 1.93-29.13). Additionally, squamous-cell skin cancer was increased among sons and all childhood cancers among daughters. When analysed by histological type, adenocarcinomas of the breast and ovary, all squamous-cell carcinomas and tumours at glandular epithelium (seminomas and intestinal carcinoids) were increased. Mothers with bilateral breast cancer had an excess of 2 or more children with cancer. The increased risk of ovarian cancer is consistent with germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, while the risk of soft tissue and bone sarcomas may reflect the association of these tumours with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The increases in squamous-cell carcinomas at many sites may reflect a new susceptibility syndrome.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Hemminki, K and Vaittinen, P and Easton, D},
 journal = {Int J Cancer},
 number = {1}
}

@Article{Eimas1999,
  author   = {PD Eimas},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics?},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {5413},
  pages    = {435-6; author reply 436-7},
  volume   = {284},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, 9872745},
}

@Article{Kitzes1996,
  author   = {LM Kitzes and GS Hollrigel},
  journal  = {Hear Res},
  title    = {Response properties of units in the posterior auditory field deprived of input from the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex.},
  year     = {1996},
  note     = {as cited in \citeNP{Heil1998}},
  number   = {1-2},
  pages    = {120-30},
  volume   = {100},
  abstract = {The influence of the ipsilateral primary auditory field (AI) on the
	response properties of neurons in the posterior auditory field (Field
	P) was examined in three cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital.
	Rate/level functions were obtained, by extracellular recording, from
	single units in Field P before (n = 38) and after (n = 50) subpial
	aspiration of AI. The ablations were primarily confined to the medial
	ectosylvian gyrus, although in one case extended into the high-frequency
	portion of the anterior auditory field. Comparisons between the behavior
	of units isolated before and after AI ablation failed to demonstrate
	any changes in the response properties of neurons in Field P attributable
	to the ablation. Nonmonotonic response profiles, first spike latency,
	variability in latency, threshold and maximal discharge rates of
	the units to acoustic stimuli were not significantly altered by the
	AI ablation. These results indicate that the basic response properties
	of neurons in Field P do not depend on input from the ipsilateral
	AI. This suggests that these properties are most likely determined
	by thalamic input or by circuitry within Field P.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, 8922986},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{kleemann_intrathoracic_1995,
	title = {Intrathoracic and subconjunctival petechiae in sudden infant death syndrome ({SIDS})},
	volume = {72},
	issn = {0379-0738},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7705735},
	abstract = {The frequency and density of intrathoracic and subconjunctival petechiae was studied in 250 cases of SIDS and 69 controls. The control group included 37 infants with natural and 32 infants with traumatic causes of death. Intrathoracic petechiae were found significantly more frequently in the SIDS group (91.2\% SIDS; 42\% controls; p {\textless} 0.001) and were present at a higher density (p {\textless} 0.001). Subepicardial and thymic petechiae were detected at high density in older SIDS infants. Subconjunctival petechiae were low in density and found only in 2.4\% of the SIDS group but they were detected in 8.1\% of the natural death group and 21.9\% (p {\textless} 0.05) of the lethal trauma group. Subconjunctival petechiae were found at highest density in strangulation. Intrathoracic petechiae are commonly found in SIDS but are not specific for SIDS. Subconjunctival petechiae are typical but not specific for strangulation. In SIDS, subconjunctival petechiae are rare and appear at low density.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2009-10-15},
	journal = {Forensic Science International},
	author = {Kleemann, W J and Wiechern, V and Schuck, M and Tröger, H D},
	month = mar,
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {7705735},
	keywords = {Age Factors, Airway Obstruction, Analysis of Variance, Asphyxia, Case-Control Studies, Chi-Square Distribution, Conjunctiva, Eye Hemorrhage, Hemothorax, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pericardium, Pleura, Purpura, Sudden Infant Death, Thymus Gland, Wounds, Nonpenetrating},
	pages = {49--54},
}

@article{jick_risk_1995,
	title = {The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders},
	volume = {15},
	issn = {0277-0008},
	abstract = {Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
	author = {Jick, H. and Myers, M. W. and Dean, A. D.},
	month = apr,
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {7624265},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agranulocytosis, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Infant, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Male, Mesalamine, Middle Aged, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Risk Factors, Sulfasalazine},
	pages = {176--181}
}

@article{remensnyder_progress_1995,
	title = {Progress in a {Moscow} children's burn unit: a joint {Russian}-{American} collaboration.},
	volume = {21},
	abstract = {A joint Russian-American paediatric burn programme involving Childrens Hospital No. 9 in Moscow and Project HOPE in Millwood, Virginia emerged from the efforts of burn professionals from both countries in caring for a group of children seriously burned as a result of the train-pipeline catastrophe that occurred in June 1989 in the Ural Mountains. This paper describes the burn unit and its activities during the years 1985-93 and includes: (1) a general description of the physical and administrative structure of the unit; (2) the demography of burn admissions; (3) clinical activities; (4) a comparison of the clinical results of the years before the institution of the combined programme (1985-89) with those achieved during the first 4 years of the combined collaboration (1990-93). Among the important changes that have occurred since the onset of the combined programme are: (1) overall reduction in the crude burn mortality rate; (2) decrease in burn deaths in all burn size groups; (3) dramatic reduction in the length of stay of children with the deepest burns; (4) marked improvement in the take of skin grafts applied to burn wounds and an almost total elimination of complete skin graft failures.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Burns},
	author = {Remensnyder, J P and Astrozjnikova, S and Bell, L and Budkevich, L and Buletova, A A and DiCarlo, J and Featherston, D and Johnson, L and Kolotukin, A and Krassovsky, V},
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {7546252},
	note = {Place: ENGLAND
ISBN: 0305-4179},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Burn Units, Burns, Child, Child, Preschool, Hospitals, Pediatric, Humans, Infant, Moscow},
	pages = {323--335},
}

@Article{Kanwisher1995,
  author   = {N Kanwisher and J Driver and L Machado},
  journal  = {Cognit Psychol},
  title    = {Spatial repetition blindness is modulated by selective attention to color or shape.},
  year     = {1995},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {303-37},
  volume   = {29},
  abstract = {Subjects reported either the colors or shapes of two simultaneous
	masked letters. Our first study found that they were less accurate
	when the reported features were identical ("repetition blindness,"
	or RB), while repetition along the unreported dimension had no effect.
	Three follow-up studies confirmed that when the same dimension was
	judged (overtly or covertly) for both stimuli, performance was only
	affected by repetition along that dimension. However, when different
	dimensions were judged for the two stimuli, performance was affected
	by repetition on both dimensions. These findings support new conclusions
	about both RB and visual attention. First, RB depends critically
	on visual attention, rather than simply on the stimulus presented
	or the overt response required. Second, while attention can be restricted
	to a single visual dimension, this is efficient only when the same
	dimension is selected for both objects. Selecting the color of one
	object and the shape of another simultaneous object results in both
	dimensions being accessed for both objects.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, 8556848},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{cook_global_1990,
	title = {Global seasonality of rotavirus infections},
	volume = {68},
	issn = {0042-9686},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1694734},
	abstract = {Data from 34 studies of the etiology of childhood diarrhoea were compiled in order to investigate the seasonal patterns of rotavirus gastroenteritis and consider their implications for transmission of the virus. Rotavirus was detected in 11-71\% of children with diarrhoea, and the median rate of detection (33\%) was independent of the level of economic development or geographical region of the study area, as well as of the method of detection used. While rotavirus infections have been called a winter disease in the temperate zones, we found that their incidence peaked in winter primarily in the Americas and that peaks in the autumn or spring are common in other parts of the world. In the tropics, the seasonality of such infections is less distinct and within 10 degrees latitude (north or south) of the equator, eight of the ten locations exhibited no seasonal trend. Throughout most of the world, rotavirus is present all the year round, which suggests that low-level transmission could maintain the chain of infection. The virus is spread by the faecal-oral route but airborne or droplet transmission has also been postulated. The epidemiology of rotavirus--its seasonality in the cooler months, its universal spread in temperate and tropical zones in developed and less developed settings--more closely resembles that of childhood viruses that are spread by the respiratory route (such as measles) than that of common enteric pathogens that are spread predominantly by the faecal-oral route.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2010-12-22},
	journal = {Bulletin of the World Health Organization},
	author = {Cook, S M and Glass, R I and LeBaron, C W and Ho, M S},
	year = {1990},
	pmid = {1694734},
	keywords = {Americas, Child, Preschool, Diarrhea, Gastroenteritis, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Rotavirus, Rotavirus Infections, Seasons, Tropical Climate},
	pages = {171--177},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{beckwith_eeg_1986,
	title = {{EEG} patterns of preterm infants, home environment, and later {IQ}.},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {0009-3920},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3720403},
	abstract = {As part of a prospective longitudinal study of preterm infants, sleep state organization and EEG patterns were studied at term date in 53 preterm infants as an index of the maturity and integrity of neurophysiological organization that might have implications for their later development. The rearing environments of the infants were also assessed, using time sampling of caregiver-infant interaction during home observations when the infants were 1, 8, and 24 months. The infants were tested at 4, 9, and 24 months on the Gesell Developmental Scale. At age 5 the children were tested by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and at age 8 by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. In general, children who at term date showed less 407-Tracé Alternant EEG pattern in the entire record and particularly in quiet sleep had lower IQs beginning at 4 months and continuing to age 8. There was an exception, however, for those children being reared in consistently attentive, responsive environments. They, by 24 months and continuing to age 8, had higher IQ scores, equal to those of infants with more 407-Tracé Alternant, even if they had shown decreased amounts of 407-Tracé Alternant earlier.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2015-06-01},
	journal = {Child development},
	author = {Beckwith, L and Parmelee, A H},
	month = jun,
	year = {1986},
	pmid = {3720403},
	keywords = {Arousal, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Damage, Chronic: diagnosis, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Infant, Premature, Diseases: diagnosis, Male, Sleep Stages, Social Environment},
	pages = {777--89},
}

@Article{Phillips1985,
  author   = {DP Phillips and JR Mendelson and MS Cynader and RM Douglas},
  journal  = {Exp Brain Res},
  title    = {Responses of single neurones in cat auditory cortex to time-varying stimuli: {F}requency-modulated tones of narrow excursion.},
  year     = {1985},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {443-54},
  volume   = {58},
  abstract = {In the primary auditory cortex of cats anaesthetized with nitrous
	oxide, single neurones were examined with respect to their responses
	to tone bursts and linear modulations of the frequency of an on-going
	continuous tone. Using FM ramps of 2.0 kHz excursion and varying
	centre frequency, each of 39 neurones was examined for its preference
	for the direction of frequency change of a ramp whose centre frequency
	was varied in and around the neurone's response area. Direction preference
	was strictly associated with the slopes of the cell's spike count-versus-frequency
	function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. Preferences
	for upward- and downward-directed ramps were associated with the
	low- and high-frequency slopes of the spike count function, respectively.
	The strength of the cell's direction preference was associated with
	the relative steepness of the spike count function over the frequency
	range covered by the ramp. The timing of discharges elicited by the
	frequency modulations was found to be the sum of the cell's latent
	period for tone bursts plus the time after ramp onset that the stimulus
	frequency fell within the neurone's response area. The implications
	of these data for the processing of narrow and broad frequency-modulated
	ramps are discussed.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, 4007088},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{van_nguyen_incidence_1984,
	title = {Incidence of invasive bacterial disease in children with fever and petechiae},
	volume = {74},
	issn = {0031-4005},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6429626},
	abstract = {The records of 129 patients admitted to the hospital with the findings of fever and petechiae were reviewed to determine the incidence of invasive bacterial disease in patients with this symptom complex. Twenty-six patients (20.2\%) had culture-proven bacterial infections; 13 (11.1\%) of the group had Neisseria meningitidis, eight had Haemophilus influenzae type B. No single laboratory test was sufficiently sensitive to detect all patients with life-threatening bacterial infections, but a combination of normal laboratory findings was highly specific for those without significant disease.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2010-10-20},
	journal = {Pediatrics},
	author = {Van Nguyen, Q and Nguyen, E A and Weiner, L B},
	month = jul,
	year = {1984},
	pmid = {6429626},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Bacterial Infections, Child, Child, Preschool, Ecchymosis, Female, Fever, Haemophilus Infections, Haemophilus influenzae, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Meningitis, Meningococcal, Microbiological Techniques, Neisseria meningitidis, Sepsis},
	pages = {77--80},
}

@Article{Phillips1984,
  author   = {DP Phillips and SS Orman},
  journal  = {J Neurophysiol},
  title    = {Responses of single neurons in posterior field of cat auditory cortex to tonal stimulation.},
  year     = {1984},
  note     = {as cited by \citeNP{Heil1998}},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {147-63},
  volume   = {51},
  abstract = {In the auditory cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized cats, the posterior
	auditory field (field P) was identified by its tonotopic organization,
	and single neurons in that field were studied quantitatively for
	their sensitivity to the frequency and intensity of tonal stimuli
	presented via calibrated, sealed stimulating systems. Field P neurons
	had narrow, V-shaped, threshold frequency tuning curves. At suprathreshold
	levels, spike counts were generally greatest at frequencies at or
	close to the neuron's threshold best frequency (BF). Eighty-six percent
	of posterior-field neurons displayed spike counts that were a nonmonotonic
	function of the intensity of a BF tone. Of these, over 90\% showed
	at least a 50\% reduction in spike count at high stimulus levels,
	and almost 20\% of nonmonotonic cells ceased responding entirely
	at high stimulus intensities. The nonmonotonic shape of spike count-versus-intensity
	profiles was typically preserved across the range of frequencies
	to which any given neuron was responsive. For some neurons, this
	had the consequence of generating a completely circumscribed frequency-intensity
	response area. That is, these neurons responded to a tonal stimulus
	only if the stimulus was within a restricted range of both frequency
	and intensity. These response areas showed internal organizations
	that appeared to reflect one or both of two processes. For some neurons,
	the optimal sound pressure level for spike counts varied with tone
	frequency, roughly paralleling the threshold tuning curve. For other
	neurons, the optimal sound pressure level tended to be constant across
	frequency despite threshold variations of up to 20 dB. The minimum
	response latencies of posterior-field neurons were generally in the
	range of 20-50 ms, while cells in the primary auditory cortex (AI)
	in the same animals generally had minimum latent periods of less
	than 20 ms. Comparison of these data with those previously presented
	for neurons in two other cortical auditory fields suggests that the
	cat's auditory cortex might show an interfield segregation of neurons
	according to their coding properties.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, 6693932},
}

@article{greensher_emergency_1980,
	title = {Emergency room care of the poisoned child},
	volume = {4},
	issn = {0146-0862},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing},
	author = {Greensher, J. and Mofenson, H. C.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1980},
	pmid = {6900625},
	keywords = {Antidotes, Child, Child, Preschool, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Service, Hospital, Household Products, Humans, Infant, Plant Poisoning, Poisoning},
	pages = {1--21}
}

@article{arena_treatment_1978,
	title = {The treatment of poisoning},
	volume = {30},
	issn = {0009-9295},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Clinical Symposia (Summit, N.J.: 1957)},
	author = {Arena, J. M.},
	year = {1978},
	pmid = {753572},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Acids, Antidotes, Aspirin, Barbiturates, Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning, Child, Child, Preschool, Digitalis Glycosides, Emetics, Gastric Lavage, Household Products, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Infant, Insecticides, Lye, Metals, Morphine, Oxalates, Plant Poisoning, Poisoning, Renal Dialysis, Rodenticides, Tranquilizing Agents},
	pages = {1--47}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{john_effect_1976,
	title = {Effect of breast-feeding on seroresponse of infants to oral poliovirus vaccination},
	volume = {57},
	issn = {0031-4005},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/174056},
	abstract = {Three hundred Indian infants between 6 and 51 weeks of age were divided into six groups and given three doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV) of known adequate potency. One group was on unrestricted breast-feeding with mandatory breast-feed during the interval between 30 minutes before and 15 minutes after each dose of OPV. In four groups of infants breast-feeding was withheld for three, four, five, and six hours both before and after each dose of OPV. The sixth group was bottle-fed. Samples of blood were collected from all infants before vaccination and from 227 infants further samples were collected four weeks after the first and/or third doses of OPV. Antibody responses to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were determined following one dose and three doses of OPV, and the rates of response were found to be approximately equal in all groups of breast-fed infants irrespective of their feeding schedules, as well as in bottle-fed infants. Thus breast-feeding is shown to have no inhibitory effect on antibody response of infants beyond the newborn period to OPV.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2011-06-08},
	journal = {Pediatrics},
	author = {John, T J and Devarajan, L V and Luther, L and Vijayarathnam, P},
	month = jan,
	year = {1976},
	pmid = {174056},
	keywords = {Antibodies, Viral, Antibody Formation, Bottle Feeding, Breast Feeding, Humans, Immunity, Immunization, India, Infant, Poliovirus, Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral},
	pages = {47--53},
}

@Article{Banks1975,
  author   = {MS Banks and Richard N Aslin and RD Letson},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Sensitive period for the development of human binocular vision.},
  year     = {1975},
  number   = {4215},
  pages    = {675-7},
  volume   = {190},
  abstract = {Twenty-four subjects with abnormal binocular experience, due to a
	condition of convergent strabismus that existed during different
	periods of their lives, were tested. Interocular transfer of the
	tilt-aftereffect was used to assess binocularity. Individuals between
	1 and 3 years of age are most susceptible to abnormal binocular experience.},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Human, Infant, Newborn, Strabismus, Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, 1188363},
}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{hellebrandt_physiological_1961,
	title = {Physiological analysis of basic motor skills. {I}. {Growth} and development of jumping},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {0002-9491},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13713088},
	urldate = {2011-03-09},
	journal = {American Journal of Physical Medicine},
	author = {HELLEBRANDT, F A and RARICK, G L and GLASSOW, R and CARNS, M L},
	month = feb,
	year = {1961},
	pmid = {13713088},
	keywords = {Child, Growth, Infant, Motor Skills, composite-approach},
	pages = {14--25},
}