Keyword: infant
2017 (7)
Teduglutide: A Review in Short Bowel Syndrome. Kim E.S. & Keam S.J. 2017.
![Teduglutide: A Review in Short Bowel Syndrome [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Subcutaneous teduglutide (Revestive), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue that increases intestinal absorption, is approved in the EU for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in patients aged \textgreater1 year who are stable following a period of postsurgical intestinal adaptation. In a phase III trial in adults with SBS intestinal failure (IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS), a significantly greater proportion of teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg/day than placebo recipients achieved a \textgreater20% reduction in weekly PS volume from baseline to week 20 and maintained it to week 24. The proportion of patients who had a reduction in one or more days on PS was also significant with teduglutide compared with placebo. Improved intestinal absorption and reduced PS requirements were generally maintained in the longer term. Results from a phase III trial in paediatric patients with SBS-IF dependent on PS were consistent with those in adults. Adverse events were mostly of mild to moderate severity and generally consistent with the underlying condition or known mechanism of the drug (e.g. central line-related issues, gastrointestinal events). Teduglutide is therefore a useful treatment option in children (aged \textgreater1 year), adolescents and adults with SBS. Copyright © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. All Right Reserved.
@misc{kim_e.s._teduglutide:_2017,
title = {Teduglutide: {A} {Review} in {Short} {Bowel} {Syndrome}},
url = {http://rd.springer.com/journal/40265},
abstract = {Subcutaneous teduglutide (Revestive), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analogue that increases intestinal absorption, is approved in the EU for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS) in patients aged {\textgreater}1 year who are stable following a period of postsurgical intestinal adaptation. In a phase III trial in adults with SBS intestinal failure (IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS), a significantly greater proportion of teduglutide 0.05 mg/kg/day than placebo recipients achieved a {\textgreater}20\% reduction in weekly PS volume from baseline to week 20 and maintained it to week 24. The proportion of patients who had a reduction in one or more days on PS was also significant with teduglutide compared with placebo. Improved intestinal absorption and reduced PS requirements were generally maintained in the longer term. Results from a phase III trial in paediatric patients with SBS-IF dependent on PS were consistent with those in adults. Adverse events were mostly of mild to moderate severity and generally consistent with the underlying condition or known mechanism of the drug (e.g. central line-related issues, gastrointestinal events). Teduglutide is therefore a useful treatment option in children (aged {\textgreater}1 year), adolescents and adults with SBS. Copyright © 2017, Springer International Publishing Switzerland. All Right Reserved.},
journal = {Drugs},
author = {{Kim E.S.} and {Keam S.J.}},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*short bowel syndrome, *short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], *short bowel syndrome/th [Therapy], *teduglutide, *teduglutide/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *teduglutide/dt [Drug Therapy], *teduglutide/pd [Pharmacology], *teduglutide/pk [Pharmacokinetics], *teduglutide/sc [Subcutaneous Drug Administration], Child, Parenteral nutrition, abdominal distension/si [Side Effect], acute cholecystitis/si [Side Effect], adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, article, catheter infection/co [Complication], central venous catheter, central venous catheter/am [Adverse Device Effect], clinical study, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, decreased appetite/si [Side Effect], disease severity, drug efficacy, drug therapy, drug tolerability, gastrointestinal dysplasia/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal polyposis/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal symptom/si [Side Effect], gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal tumor/si [Side Effect], human, infant, influenza/si [Side Effect], injection site erythema/si [Side Effect], intestinal failure, intestine absorption, intestine polyp/si [Side Effect], intestine stenosis/si [Side Effect], multicenter study (topic), nonhuman, peripheral edema/si [Side Effect], pharmacodynamic parameters, phase 3 clinical trial, phase 3 clinical trial (topic), placebo, recipient, rectum polyp/si [Side Effect], rhinopharyngitis/si [Side Effect], sepsis/co [Complication], short bowel syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], side effect, stomach adenoma/si [Side Effect], systematic review, upper abdominal pain/si [Side Effect]}
}Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term. Barrington K.J., Finer N., Pennaforte T., & Altit G. 2017.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Objectives: To determine whether treatment of hypoxaemic term and near-term newborn infants with iNO improves oxygenation and reduces rate of death and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or affects long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Search methods: We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to January 2016), Embase (1980 to January 2016) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to January 2016). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We contacted the principal investigators of studies published as abstracts to ascertain the necessary information. Selection criteria: Randomised studies of iNO in term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure, with clinically relevant outcomes, including death, use of ECMO and oxygenation. Data collection and analysis: We analysed trial reports to assess methodological quality using the criteria of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We tabulated mortality, oxygenation, short-term clinical outcomes (particularly use of ECMO) and long-term developmental outcomes. Statistics: For categorical outcomes, we calculated typical estimates for risk ratios and risk differences. For continuous variables, we calculated typical estimates for weighted mean differences. We used 95% confidence intervals and assumed a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis. Main results: We found 17 eligible randomised controlled studies that included term and near-term infants with hypoxia. Ten trials compared iNO versus control (placebo or standard care without iNO) in infants with moderate or severe severity of illness scores (Ninos 1996; Roberts 1996; Wessel 1996; Davidson 1997; Ninos 1997; Mercier 1998; Christou 2000; Clark 2000; INNOVO 2007; Liu 2008). Mercier 1998 compared iNO versus control but allowed back-up treatment with iNO for infants who continued to satisfy the same criteria for severity of illness after two hours. This trial enrolled both preterm and term infants but reported most results separately for the two groups. Ninos 1997 studied only infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. One trial compared iNO versus high-frequency ventilation (Kinsella 1997). Six trials enrolled infants with moderate severity of illness scores (oxygenation index (OI) or alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2)) and randomised them to immediate iNO treatment or iNO treatment only after deterioration to more severe criteria (Barefield 1996; Day 1996; Sadiq 1998; Cornfield 1999; Konduri 2004; Gonzalez 2010). Inhaled nitric oxide appears to have improved outcomes in hypoxaemic term and near-term infants by reducing the incidence of the combined endpoint of death or use of ECMO (high-quality evidence). This reduction was due to a reduction in use of ECMO (with number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 5.3); mortality was not affected. Oxygenation was improved in approximately 50% of infants receiving iNO. The OI was decreased by a (weighted) mean of 15.1 within 30 to 60 minutes after the start of therapy, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was increased by a mean of 53 mmHg. Whether infants had clear echocardiographic evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) did not appear to affect response to iNO. Outcomes of infants with diaphragmatic hernia were not improved; outcomes were slightly, but not significantly, worse with iNO (moderate-quality evidence). Infants who received iNO at less severe criteria did not have better clinical outcomes than those who were enrolled but received treatment only if their condition deteriorated. Fewer of the babies who received iNO early satisfied late treatment criteria, showing that earlier iNO reduced progression of the disease but did not further decrease mortality nor the need for ECMO (moderate-quality evidence). Incidence of disability, incidence of deafness and infant development scores were all similar between tested survivors who received iNO and those who did not. Authors' conclusions: Inhaled nitric oxide is effective at an initial concentration of 20 ppm for term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure who do not have a diaphragmatic hernia. Copyright © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
@misc{barrington_k.j._nitric_2017,
title = {Nitric oxide for respiratory failure in infants born at or near term},
url = {http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-6.html},
abstract = {Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is a major endogenous regulator of vascular tone. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) gas has been investigated as treatment for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Objectives: To determine whether treatment of hypoxaemic term and near-term newborn infants with iNO improves oxygenation and reduces rate of death and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or affects long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Search methods: We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 1), MEDLINE via PubMed (1966 to January 2016), Embase (1980 to January 2016) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; 1982 to January 2016). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We contacted the principal investigators of studies published as abstracts to ascertain the necessary information. Selection criteria: Randomised studies of iNO in term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure, with clinically relevant outcomes, including death, use of ECMO and oxygenation. Data collection and analysis: We analysed trial reports to assess methodological quality using the criteria of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. We tabulated mortality, oxygenation, short-term clinical outcomes (particularly use of ECMO) and long-term developmental outcomes. Statistics: For categorical outcomes, we calculated typical estimates for risk ratios and risk differences. For continuous variables, we calculated typical estimates for weighted mean differences. We used 95\% confidence intervals and assumed a fixed-effect model for meta-analysis. Main results: We found 17 eligible randomised controlled studies that included term and near-term infants with hypoxia. Ten trials compared iNO versus control (placebo or standard care without iNO) in infants with moderate or severe severity of illness scores (Ninos 1996; Roberts 1996; Wessel 1996; Davidson 1997; Ninos 1997; Mercier 1998; Christou 2000; Clark 2000; INNOVO 2007; Liu 2008). Mercier 1998 compared iNO versus control but allowed back-up treatment with iNO for infants who continued to satisfy the same criteria for severity of illness after two hours. This trial enrolled both preterm and term infants but reported most results separately for the two groups. Ninos 1997 studied only infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. One trial compared iNO versus high-frequency ventilation (Kinsella 1997). Six trials enrolled infants with moderate severity of illness scores (oxygenation index (OI) or alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2)) and randomised them to immediate iNO treatment or iNO treatment only after deterioration to more severe criteria (Barefield 1996; Day 1996; Sadiq 1998; Cornfield 1999; Konduri 2004; Gonzalez 2010). Inhaled nitric oxide appears to have improved outcomes in hypoxaemic term and near-term infants by reducing the incidence of the combined endpoint of death or use of ECMO (high-quality evidence). This reduction was due to a reduction in use of ECMO (with number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) of 5.3); mortality was not affected. Oxygenation was improved in approximately 50\% of infants receiving iNO. The OI was decreased by a (weighted) mean of 15.1 within 30 to 60 minutes after the start of therapy, and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was increased by a mean of 53 mmHg. Whether infants had clear echocardiographic evidence of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) did not appear to affect response to iNO. Outcomes of infants with diaphragmatic hernia were not improved; outcomes were slightly, but not significantly, worse with iNO (moderate-quality evidence). Infants who received iNO at less severe criteria did not have better clinical outcomes than those who were enrolled but received treatment only if their condition deteriorated. Fewer of the babies who received iNO early satisfied late treatment criteria, showing that earlier iNO reduced progression of the disease but did not further decrease mortality nor the need for ECMO (moderate-quality evidence). Incidence of disability, incidence of deafness and infant development scores were all similar between tested survivors who received iNO and those who did not. Authors' conclusions: Inhaled nitric oxide is effective at an initial concentration of 20 ppm for term and near-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure who do not have a diaphragmatic hernia. Copyright © 2017 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
journal = {Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews},
author = {{Barrington K.J.} and {Finer N.} and {Pennaforte T.} and {Altit G.}},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*childbirth, *nitric oxide, *respiratory failure, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, arterial oxygen tension, attributable risk, cerebral palsy, child development, clinical outcome, confidence interval, congenital diaphragm hernia, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, death, deterioration, disability, disease severity, exposure, extracorporeal oxygenation, hearing impairment, high frequency ventilation, human, hypoxia, infant, infant mortality, information processing, lung vascular resistance, meta analysis, mortality, newborn, oxygen, oxygenation, partial pressure, persistent pulmonary hypertension, placebo, priority journal, randomized controlled trial, review, sensitivity analysis, statistics, survivor, systematic review, tissue oxygenation}
}Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on hemodynamics and stress responses in pediatric cardiac surgery: A randomized trial. Totonchi Z., Rezvani H., Ghorbanloo M., Yazdanian F., Mahdavi M., Babaali N., Salajegheh S., & Chitsazan M. 2017.
![Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on hemodynamics and stress responses in pediatric cardiac surgery: A randomized trial [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Background: Infants and children compared with adults have intensified stress responses that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Stress control reduces the incidence of complications and improves recovery. In clinical and experimental studies, dexmedetomidine reduces the inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses. Objectives: This prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted to assess the role of dexmedetomidine in reducing stress responses. Materials and Methods: According to convenient sampling method, 40 patients in two groups (case under treatment with dexmedetomidine and control, each including 20 patients) were selected from whom admitted for open heart surgery. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by fentanyl and midazolam. After central venous and arterial catheter insertion, patients were randomly allocated into one of two equal groups (n = 20 each). In the dexmedetomidine group, patients received an initial loading dose (0.5 micro g/kg) during 10 minutes immediately followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 micro g/kg. In the control group, normal saline solution with similar volume was infused. Results: Changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and central venous pressure before administration of dexmedetomidine, in 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the operation, after skin incision, after sternotomy, after separation from the pump and at the end of procedure showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.860, 0.067, 0.888 and 0.482, respectively). Changes in lactate, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein concentrations before administration of dexmedetomidine, after separation of pump and 24 hours after intensive care unit entrance showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.525, 0.767, 0.868 and 0.840, respectively). Conclusions: According to our findings, using dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant anesthetic medication with initial loading dose of 0.5 micro g/kg and maintenance dose of 0.5 micro g/kg in pediatric heart surgeries is a safe choice. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of dexmedetomidine to reduce stress responses. Copyright © 2016 Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences.
@misc{totonchi_z._effect_2017,
title = {Effect of dexmedetomidine infusion on hemodynamics and stress responses in pediatric cardiac surgery: {A} randomized trial},
url = {http://cardiovascmed.com/72535.pdf},
abstract = {Background: Infants and children compared with adults have intensified stress responses that lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Stress control reduces the incidence of complications and improves recovery. In clinical and experimental studies, dexmedetomidine reduces the inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses. Objectives: This prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted to assess the role of dexmedetomidine in reducing stress responses. Materials and Methods: According to convenient sampling method, 40 patients in two groups (case under treatment with dexmedetomidine and control, each including 20 patients) were selected from whom admitted for open heart surgery. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by fentanyl and midazolam. After central venous and arterial catheter insertion, patients were randomly allocated into one of two equal groups (n = 20 each). In the dexmedetomidine group, patients received an initial loading dose (0.5 micro g/kg) during 10 minutes immediately followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5 micro g/kg. In the control group, normal saline solution with similar volume was infused. Results: Changes in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and central venous pressure before administration of dexmedetomidine, in 10, 20 and 30 minutes after the operation, after skin incision, after sternotomy, after separation from the pump and at the end of procedure showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.860, 0.067, 0.888 and 0.482, respectively). Changes in lactate, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein concentrations before administration of dexmedetomidine, after separation of pump and 24 hours after intensive care unit entrance showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.525, 0.767, 0.868 and 0.840, respectively). Conclusions: According to our findings, using dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant anesthetic medication with initial loading dose of 0.5 micro g/kg and maintenance dose of 0.5 micro g/kg in pediatric heart surgeries is a safe choice. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of dexmedetomidine to reduce stress responses. Copyright © 2016 Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences.},
journal = {Research in Cardiovascular Medicine},
author = {{Totonchi Z.} and {Rezvani H.} and {Ghorbanloo M.} and {Yazdanian F.} and {Mahdavi M.} and {Babaali N.} and {Salajegheh S.} and {Chitsazan M.}},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*chemical stress, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *diastolic blood pressure, *heart surgery, *hemodynamics, *infusion, *open heart surgery, *stress, Anesthesia, C reactive protein, C reactive protein/ec [Endogenous Compound], Child, adjuvant, artery catheter, article, cardiopulmonary bypass, central venous catheter, central venous pressure, clinical article, clinical trial, continuous infusion, control group, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, diastolic blood pressure, drug therapy, endogenous compound, female, fentanyl, heart rate, human, hypertension, hypotension, incidence, infant, inflammation, intensive care unit, interleukin 6, interleukin 6/ec [Endogenous Compound], lactate dehydrogenase/ec [Endogenous Compound], lactic acid, loading drug dose, lymphotoxin beta, maintenance drug dose, male, midazolam, normal human, preschool child, prospective study, randomized controlled trial, sampling, single blind procedure, skin incision, sodium chloride, sternotomy, systolic blood pressure, tumor necrosis factor/ec [Endogenous Compound]}
}Universal versus conditional three-day follow up visit for children with uncomplicated fever at the community level: Design of a cluster-randomized, community-based, non-inferiority trial in Tanganyika, Democratic Republic of Congo. van Boetzelaer E., Ho L.S., Gutman J.R., Steinhardt L.C., Wittcoff A., Barbera Y., Ngoy P., Harvey S.A., & Mullany L.C. 2017.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Background: The current recommendation within integrated Community Case Management guidelines that all children presenting with uncomplicated fever and no danger signs be followed up after three days may not be necessary. Such fevers often resolve rapidly (usually within 48-96 h), and previous studies suggest that expectant home care for uncomplicated fever can be safely recommended. We aim to determine the non-inferiority of a conditional versus a universal follow-up visit for these children. Methods: We are conducting a cluster-randomized, community-based, non-inferiority trial enrolling \textasciitilde4300 children (ages 2-59 months) presenting to community health workers (CHWs) with uncomplicated fever in Tanganyika Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Clusters (n = 28) of CHWs are randomized to advise caretakers of such children to either 1) return for a follow-up visit on Day 3 following the initial consultation (Day 1), regardless of illness resolution (as per current guidelines) or 2) return for a follow-up visit on Day 3 only if the child's signs have not resolved. Enrolled children are followed up at Day 7 for a repeat assessment and recording of the primary outcome of the study, "failure", which is defined as having fever, diarrhea, pneumonia or decline of health status (e.g. hospitalization, presenting danger signs, or death). Discussion: The results of this trial will be interpreted in conjunction with a similarly designed trial currently ongoing in Ethiopia. If a follow-up visit conditional on continued illness is shown to be non-inferior to current guidelines stipulating universal follow-up, appropriate updating of such guidelines could reduce time and human resource pressures on both providers and caregivers throughout communities of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02595827) on November 2nd, 2015 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).
@misc{van_boetzelaer_e._universal_2017,
title = {Universal versus conditional three-day follow up visit for children with uncomplicated fever at the community level: {Design} of a cluster-randomized, community-based, non-inferiority trial in {Tanganyika}, {Democratic} {Republic} of {Congo}},
url = {http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcpediatr/},
abstract = {Background: The current recommendation within integrated Community Case Management guidelines that all children presenting with uncomplicated fever and no danger signs be followed up after three days may not be necessary. Such fevers often resolve rapidly (usually within 48-96 h), and previous studies suggest that expectant home care for uncomplicated fever can be safely recommended. We aim to determine the non-inferiority of a conditional versus a universal follow-up visit for these children. Methods: We are conducting a cluster-randomized, community-based, non-inferiority trial enrolling {\textasciitilde}4300 children (ages 2-59 months) presenting to community health workers (CHWs) with uncomplicated fever in Tanganyika Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Clusters (n = 28) of CHWs are randomized to advise caretakers of such children to either 1) return for a follow-up visit on Day 3 following the initial consultation (Day 1), regardless of illness resolution (as per current guidelines) or 2) return for a follow-up visit on Day 3 only if the child's signs have not resolved. Enrolled children are followed up at Day 7 for a repeat assessment and recording of the primary outcome of the study, "failure", which is defined as having fever, diarrhea, pneumonia or decline of health status (e.g. hospitalization, presenting danger signs, or death). Discussion: The results of this trial will be interpreted in conjunction with a similarly designed trial currently ongoing in Ethiopia. If a follow-up visit conditional on continued illness is shown to be non-inferior to current guidelines stipulating universal follow-up, appropriate updating of such guidelines could reduce time and human resource pressures on both providers and caregivers throughout communities of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Trial registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02595827) on November 2nd, 2015 Copyright © 2017 The Author(s).},
journal = {BMC Pediatrics},
author = {{van Boetzelaer E.} and {Ho L.S.} and {Gutman J.R.} and {Steinhardt L.C.} and {Wittcoff A.} and {Barbera Y.} and {Ngoy P.} and {Harvey S.A.} and {Mullany L.C.}},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*Democratic Republic Congo, *Tanzania, *case management, *conditional three day follow up visit, *fever, *follow up, *health auxiliary, *pediatrics, *registration, *uncomplicated fever, *universal follow up visit, Child, Democratic Republic Congo, Ethiopia, South Asia, arm circumference, article, caregiver, clinical assessment, clinical protocol, clinical trial, consultation, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, death, diarrhea, feedback system, female, health auxiliary, health status, hospitalization, human, infant, information processing, major clinical study, male, midupper upper arm circumference, mortality, outcome assessment, patient monitoring, pneumonia, practice guideline, preschool child, quality control, randomization, randomized controlled trial, sample size, study design}
}Complication-related removal of totally implantable venous access port systems: Does the interval between placement and first use and the neutropenia-inducing potential of chemotherapy regimens influence their incidence? A four-year prospective study of 4045 patients. Kakkos, A., Bresson, L., Hudry, D., Cousin, S., Lervat, C., Bogart, E., Meurant, J. P., El Bedoui, S., Decanter, G., Hannebicque, K., Regis, C., Hamdani, A., Penel, N., Tresch-Bruneel, E., & Narducci, F. Eur J Surg Oncol, 43(4):689–695, 2017.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access port systems are widely used in oncology, with frequent complications that sometimes necessitate device removal. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the time interval between port placement and initiation of chemotherapy and the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy administered upon complication-related port removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2013, 4045 consecutive patients were included in this observational, single-center prospective study. The chemotherapy regimens were classified as having a low (\textbackslashtextbackslashtextless10%), intermediate (10-20%), or high (\textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater20%) risk for inducing neutropenia. RESULTS: The overall removal rate due to complications was 7.2%. Among them, port-related infection (2.5%) and port expulsion (1%) were the most frequent. The interval between port insertion and its first use was shown to be a predictive factor for complication-related removal rates. A cut-off of 6 days was statistically significant (p = 0.008), as the removal rate for complications was 9.4% when this interval was 0-5 days and 5.7% when it was \textbackslashtextbackslashtextgreater/=6 days. Another factor associated with port complication rate was the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy regimens used, with removal for complications involved in 5.5% of low-risk regimens versus 9.4% for the intermediate- and high-risk regimens (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: An interval of 6 days between placement and first use of the port reduces the removal rate from complications. The intermediate- and high-risk for neutropenia chemotherapy regimens are related to higher port removal rates from complications than low-risk regimens.
@article{kakkos_complication-related_2017,
title = {Complication-related removal of totally implantable venous access port systems: {Does} the interval between placement and first use and the neutropenia-inducing potential of chemotherapy regimens influence their incidence? {A} four-year prospective study of 4045 patients},
volume = {43},
issn = {1532-2157 (Electronic) 0748-7983 (Linking)},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27889197},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejso.2016.10.020},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Totally implantable venous access port systems are widely used in oncology, with frequent complications that sometimes necessitate device removal. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the time interval between port placement and initiation of chemotherapy and the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy administered upon complication-related port removal. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2010 and December 2013, 4045 consecutive patients were included in this observational, single-center prospective study. The chemotherapy regimens were classified as having a low ({\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless10\%), intermediate (10-20\%), or high ({\textbackslash}textbackslashtextgreater20\%) risk for inducing neutropenia. RESULTS: The overall removal rate due to complications was 7.2\%. Among them, port-related infection (2.5\%) and port expulsion (1\%) were the most frequent. The interval between port insertion and its first use was shown to be a predictive factor for complication-related removal rates. A cut-off of 6 days was statistically significant (p = 0.008), as the removal rate for complications was 9.4\% when this interval was 0-5 days and 5.7\% when it was {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextgreater/=6 days. Another factor associated with port complication rate was the neutropenia-inducing potential of the chemotherapy regimens used, with removal for complications involved in 5.5\% of low-risk regimens versus 9.4\% for the intermediate- and high-risk regimens (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: An interval of 6 days between placement and first use of the port reduces the removal rate from complications. The intermediate- and high-risk for neutropenia chemotherapy regimens are related to higher port removal rates from complications than low-risk regimens.},
number = {4},
journal = {Eur J Surg Oncol},
author = {Kakkos, A. and Bresson, L. and Hudry, D. and Cousin, S. and Lervat, C. and Bogart, E. and Meurant, J. P. and El Bedoui, S. and Decanter, G. and Hannebicque, K. and Regis, C. and Hamdani, A. and Penel, N. and Tresch-Bruneel, E. and Narducci, F.},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*Vascular Access Devices, 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*adverse effects, Catheter Obstruction/statistics \& numerical data, Catheter-Related Infections/*epidemiology, Child, Device Removal/*statistics \& numerical data, Equipment Failure/*statistics \& numerical data, Female, Foreign-Body Migration/*epidemiology, Hematoma/epidemiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasms/*drug therapy, Neutropenia/chemically induced, Postoperative Complications/*epidemiology, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Prosthesis Implantation, Thrombosis/epidemiology, Young Adult},
pages = {689--695},
}Effectiveness of airway clearance techniques in children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. Van Ginderdeuren F., Vandenplas Y., Deneyer M., Vanlaethem S., Buyl R., & Kerckhofs E. 2017.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of two airway clearance techniques (ACT's) in children \textless24 months hospitalized with mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Design: One hundred and three children were randomly allocated to receive one 20-min session daily, either assisted autogenic drainage (AAD), intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV), or bouncing (B) (control group), ninety-three finished the study. Outcome measures: Mean time to recovery in days was our primary outcome measure. The impact of the treatment and the daily improvement was also assessed by a validated clinical and respiratory severity score (WANG score), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SaO2). Results: Mean time to recovery was 4.5 +/- 1.9 days for the control group, 3.6 +/- 1.4 days, P \textless 0.05 for the AAD group and 3.5 +/- 1.3 days, P = 0.03 for the IPV group. Wang scores improved significantly for both physiotherapy techniques compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both ACT's reduced significantly the length of hospital stay compared to no physiotherapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:225-231. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
@misc{van_ginderdeuren_f._effectiveness_2017,
title = {Effectiveness of airway clearance techniques in children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-0496},
abstract = {Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of two airway clearance techniques (ACT's) in children {\textless}24 months hospitalized with mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Design: One hundred and three children were randomly allocated to receive one 20-min session daily, either assisted autogenic drainage (AAD), intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV), or bouncing (B) (control group), ninety-three finished the study. Outcome measures: Mean time to recovery in days was our primary outcome measure. The impact of the treatment and the daily improvement was also assessed by a validated clinical and respiratory severity score (WANG score), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SaO2). Results: Mean time to recovery was 4.5 +/- 1.9 days for the control group, 3.6 +/- 1.4 days, P {\textless} 0.05 for the AAD group and 3.5 +/- 1.3 days, P = 0.03 for the IPV group. Wang scores improved significantly for both physiotherapy techniques compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both ACT's reduced significantly the length of hospital stay compared to no physiotherapy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:225-231. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Copyright © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
journal = {Pediatric Pulmonology},
author = {{Van Ginderdeuren F.} and {Vandenplas Y.} and {Deneyer M.} and {Vanlaethem S.} and {Buyl R.} and {Kerckhofs E.}},
year = {2017},
keywords = {*assisted autogenic drainage, *breathing exercise, *bronchiolitis, *bronchiolitis/th [Therapy], *hospital patient, *intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, *lung clearance, Child, WANG score, arterial oxygen saturation, article, artificial ventilation, clinical effectiveness, control group, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, disease severity, disease severity assessment, female, heart rate, hospitalization, human, infant, length of stay, major clinical study, male, outcome assessment, oxygen saturation, randomized controlled trial}
}Topical and low-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in cyanotic cardiac surgery. Patel, J., Prajapati, M., Patel, H., Gandhi, H., Deodhar, S., & Pandya, H. Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals, 25(2):118--122, 2017. Patel, Jigar. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Prajapati, Mrugesh. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Patel, Hardik. 2 Department of Medical Officer, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Gandhi, Hemang. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Deodhar, Shilpa. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Pandya, Himani. 3 Department of Research, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background Coagulopathy is a major problem in surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Tranexamic acid has been used both topically and systemically and plays a vital role in pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing blood loss and blood product requirement. We aimed to determine the anti-fibrinolytic effectiveness of low-dose systemic or topical tranexamic acid or a combination of both. Methods Seventy-five patients were divided in 3 groups of 25. Group A patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 20mgkg-1 after heparin reversal. Group B patients were given tranexamic acid 50mgkg-1 in 20mL of saline intrapericardially before sternal closure, with the drain clamped for 20min. Group C patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 50mgkg-1 intrapericardially before sternal closure. A number of clinical variables were recorded in the first 3 postoperative days. Ventilator time, intensive care unit stay, and outcome were also recorded. Results Chest tube drainage and blood product requirements were lowest in group C. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were higher in groups A and C ( p\textless0.05). Intensive care unit stay and ventilator time were similar in all 3 groups. No patient died and none had a seizure or other neurological event or thromboembolic complication postoperatively. Conclusion The combination of low-dose intravenous and topical tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss and blood product requirement without incurring neurological, renal or thromboembolic complications. We recommend the routine use of topical and low-dose systemic tranexamic acid in cyanotic pediatric cardiac surgery.
@article{patel_topical_2017,
title = {Topical and low-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in cyanotic cardiac surgery.},
volume = {25},
issn = {1816-5370},
abstract = {Background Coagulopathy is a major problem in surgery for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Tranexamic acid has been used both topically and systemically and plays a vital role in pediatric cardiac surgery by reducing blood loss and blood product requirement. We aimed to determine the anti-fibrinolytic effectiveness of low-dose systemic or topical tranexamic acid or a combination of both. Methods Seventy-five patients were divided in 3 groups of 25. Group A patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 20mgkg-1 after heparin reversal. Group B patients were given tranexamic acid 50mgkg-1 in 20mL of saline intrapericardially before sternal closure, with the drain clamped for 20min. Group C patients were given tranexamic acid 20mgkg-1 intravenously after sternotomy and 50mgkg-1 intrapericardially before sternal closure. A number of clinical variables were recorded in the first 3 postoperative days. Ventilator time, intensive care unit stay, and outcome were also recorded. Results Chest tube drainage and blood product requirements were lowest in group C. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels were higher in groups A and C ( p{\textless}0.05). Intensive care unit stay and ventilator time were similar in all 3 groups. No patient died and none had a seizure or other neurological event or thromboembolic complication postoperatively. Conclusion The combination of low-dose intravenous and topical tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss and blood product requirement without incurring neurological, renal or thromboembolic complications. We recommend the routine use of topical and low-dose systemic tranexamic acid in cyanotic pediatric cardiac surgery.},
number = {2},
journal = {Asian cardiovascular \& thoracic annals},
author = {Patel, Jigar and Prajapati, Mrugesh and Patel, Hardik and Gandhi, Hemang and Deodhar, Shilpa and Pandya, Himani},
year = {2017},
note = {Patel, Jigar. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Prajapati, Mrugesh. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Patel, Hardik. 2 Department of Medical Officer, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Gandhi, Hemang. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Deodhar, Shilpa. 1 Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
Pandya, Himani. 3 Department of Research, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.},
keywords = {*Antifibrinolytic Agents/ad [Administration \& Dosage], *Blood Coagulation/de [Drug Effects], *Cardiac Surgical Procedures, *Cyanosis/et [Etiology], *Fibrinolysis/de [Drug Effects], *Heart Defects, Congenital/dt [Drug Therapy], *Postoperative Hemorrhage/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Tranexamic Acid/ad [Administration \& Dosage], Administration, Intravenous, Administration, Topical, Antifibrinolytic Agents/ae [Adverse Effects], Cardiac Surgical Procedures/ae [Adverse Effects], Chest Tubes, Child, Child, Preschool, Cyanosis/bl [Blood], Cyanosis/di [Diagnosis], Double-Blind Method, Drainage/is [Instrumentation], Heart Defects, Congenital/bl [Blood], Heart Defects, Congenital/co [Complications], Heart Defects, Congenital/di [Diagnosis], Humans, Intensive Care Units, Postoperative Hemorrhage/et [Etiology], Prospective Studies, Respiration, Artificial, Time Factors, Tranexamic Acid/ae [Adverse Effects], adolescent, female, infant, length of stay, male, treatment outcome},
pages = {118--122}
}2016 (8)
Vitamin d deficiency as risk factor for severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections. Cazan C., Neamtu M.L., Neamtu B.M., Bodrug N., & Istrate V. 2016.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background and aims Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and it is declared a public health problem for children worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severity of lower respiratory tract infections. Methods Children aged six to eighteen months, admitted in Pediatric Clinic from September 2015 to March 2016 for lower respiratory tract infection were recruited for the study. Criteria for hospitalization include low oxygen saturation (\textless90-92%), moderate to severe respiratory distress, deshydration and presence of apnea. We measured plasma 25- hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a random sample of 53 patients. Baseline vitamin D status was classified as deficient level less than 20 ng/mL, insufficient (20-30 ng/mL) or sufficient \textgreater30 ng/mL. Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 21% and 48% of patients were vitamin D insufficient. Mean +/- SD serum levels of vitamin D were significantly higher (p\textless 0.05) in patients with moderate disease (26.3+/-5.2 ng/mL) compared with those with severe disease (14.5+/-5.9 ng/ mL). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of severe bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a longer length of stay. Vitamin D insufficiency was most commonly diagnosed in the winter / spring season (44%). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is related to increased risk and greater severity of respiratory infections. Current recommendations for vitamin D supplementation should be followed especially in infants at high risk.
@misc{cazan_c._vitamin_2016,
title = {Vitamin d deficiency as risk factor for severity of acute lower respiratory tract infections},
abstract = {Background and aims Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and it is declared a public health problem for children worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and severity of lower respiratory tract infections. Methods Children aged six to eighteen months, admitted in Pediatric Clinic from September 2015 to March 2016 for lower respiratory tract infection were recruited for the study. Criteria for hospitalization include low oxygen saturation ({\textless}90-92\%), moderate to severe respiratory distress, deshydration and presence of apnea. We measured plasma 25- hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in a random sample of 53 patients. Baseline vitamin D status was classified as deficient level less than 20 ng/mL, insufficient (20-30 ng/mL) or sufficient {\textgreater}30 ng/mL. Results The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 21\% and 48\% of patients were vitamin D insufficient. Mean +/- SD serum levels of vitamin D were significantly higher (p{\textless} 0.05) in patients with moderate disease (26.3+/-5.2 ng/mL) compared with those with severe disease (14.5+/-5.9 ng/ mL). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of severe bronchiolitis and lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a longer length of stay. Vitamin D insufficiency was most commonly diagnosed in the winter / spring season (44\%). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is related to increased risk and greater severity of respiratory infections. Current recommendations for vitamin D supplementation should be followed especially in infants at high risk.},
journal = {European Journal of Pediatrics},
author = {{Cazan C.} and {Neamtu M.L.} and {Neamtu B.M.} and {Bodrug N.} and {Istrate V.}},
year = {2016},
keywords = {*lower respiratory tract infection, *risk factor, *vitamin D deficiency, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, Child, apnea monitoring, bronchiolitis, clinical trial, controlled study, dehydration, diagnosis, hospitalization, human, human tissue, infant, length of stay, major clinical study, oxygen saturation, pediatric hospital, plasma, prevalence, random sample, respiratory distress, spring, winter}
}Early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure: A propensity score analysis. Bateman S.T., Borasino S., Asaro L.A., Cheifetz I.M., Diane S., Wypij D., & Curley M.A.Q. 2016.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Rationale: The use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for acute respiratory failure in children is prevalent despite the lack of efficacy data. Objectives: To compare the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory failure managed with HFOV within 24-48 hours of endotracheal intubation with those receiving conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and/or late HFOV. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the RESTORE (Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure) study, a prospective cluster randomized clinical trial conducted between 2009 and 2013 in 31 U.S. pediatric intensive care units. Propensity score analysis, including degree of hypoxia in the model, compared the duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality of patients treated with early HFOV matched with those treated with CMV/late HFOV. Measurements and Main Results: Among 2,449 subjects enrolled in RESTORE, 353 patients (14%) were ever supported on HFOV, of which 210 (59%) had HFOV initiated within 24-48 hours of intubation. The propensity score model predicting the probability of receiving early HFOV included 1,064 patients (181 early HFOV vs. 883 CMV/late HFOV) with significant hypoxia (oxygenation index \textgreater8). The degree of hypoxia was the most significant contributor to the propensity score model. After adjusting for risk category, early HFOV use was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.89; P = 0.001) but not with mortality (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.79; P = 0.15) compared with CMV/late HFOV. Conclusions: In adjusted models including important oxygenation variables, early HFOV was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation. These analyses make supporting the current approach to HFOV less convincing.
@misc{bateman_s.t._early_2016,
title = {Early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory failure: {A} propensity score analysis},
url = {http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.201507-1381OC},
abstract = {Rationale: The use of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for acute respiratory failure in children is prevalent despite the lack of efficacy data. Objectives: To compare the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory failure managed with HFOV within 24-48 hours of endotracheal intubation with those receiving conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and/or late HFOV. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the RESTORE (Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure) study, a prospective cluster randomized clinical trial conducted between 2009 and 2013 in 31 U.S. pediatric intensive care units. Propensity score analysis, including degree of hypoxia in the model, compared the duration of mechanical ventilation and mortality of patients treated with early HFOV matched with those treated with CMV/late HFOV. Measurements and Main Results: Among 2,449 subjects enrolled in RESTORE, 353 patients (14\%) were ever supported on HFOV, of which 210 (59\%) had HFOV initiated within 24-48 hours of intubation. The propensity score model predicting the probability of receiving early HFOV included 1,064 patients (181 early HFOV vs. 883 CMV/late HFOV) with significant hypoxia (oxygenation index {\textgreater}8). The degree of hypoxia was the most significant contributor to the propensity score model. After adjusting for risk category, early HFOV use was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95\% confidence interval, 0.64-0.89; P = 0.001) but not with mortality (odds ratio, 1.28; 95\% confidence interval, 0.92-1.79; P = 0.15) compared with CMV/late HFOV. Conclusions: In adjusted models including important oxygenation variables, early HFOV was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation. These analyses make supporting the current approach to HFOV less convincing.},
journal = {American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine},
author = {{Bateman S.T.} and {Borasino S.} and {Asaro L.A.} and {Cheifetz I.M.} and {Diane S.} and {Wypij D.} and {Curley M.A.Q.}},
year = {2016},
keywords = {*acute respiratory failure, *acute respiratory failure/th [Therapy], *adult respiratory distress syndrome, *childhood disease/th [Therapy], *early intervention, *high frequency ventilation, *oxygenation, *propensity score, Child, adolescent, article, clinical trial, confidence interval, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, endotracheal intubation, female, hazard ratio, human, hypoxia, infant, intermethod comparison, intubation, major clinical study, male, mortality, newborn, odds ratio, outcome assessment, pediatric intensive care unit, priority journal, probability, propensity score, randomized controlled trial, randomized controlled trial (topic), secondary analysis, sedation, statistical model, titrimetry, treatment duration}
}Smoflipid for prevention of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis in elbwinfants. Repa A., Binder C., Thanhaeuser M., Kreissl A., Dangl M., Berger A., & Haiden N. 2016.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background and aims Preterm infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at increased risk of developing parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC). Fat emulsions containing fish oil are used in the treatment of PNAC. Whether PNACcan be prevented by primary use of fish oil containing fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition is little studied. In this study, we investigated to what extent fish oil containing lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid, SMOF) reduces the incidence of PNAC in ELBW preterm infants compared to a fat emulsion based on soybean oil (Intralipid, IL). Methods In this single-center prospective, randomized, double blind study either Intralipid or SMOFlipid was used for parenteral nutrition in ELBW infants. The primary outcome was PNAC (conjugated bilirubin \textgreater 1.5 mg/dl in two consecutive measurements during hospital stay). Results A total of 230 children were included and 207 infants were analyzed (IL: n=101, SMOF: n=106). The demographic parameters were evenly distributed between the two groups. PNAC incidence was 11.3% in the SMOF group and 14.9% in the IL group, which was not statistically significant (p=0.451). There were no differences in the incidence of morbidities associated with extreme prematurity such as ROP, culture proven sepsis or NEC. Conclusions The use of a fish oil containing fat emulsion (SMOFlipid) had no protective effect on PNAC incidence in ELBW infants at our center, with a generally low incidence of PNAC. Our data did not show any effect on ROP or sepsis.
@misc{repa_a._smoflipid_2016,
title = {Smoflipid for prevention of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis in elbwinfants},
abstract = {Background and aims Preterm infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at increased risk of developing parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC). Fat emulsions containing fish oil are used in the treatment of PNAC. Whether PNACcan be prevented by primary use of fish oil containing fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition is little studied. In this study, we investigated to what extent fish oil containing lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid, SMOF) reduces the incidence of PNAC in ELBW preterm infants compared to a fat emulsion based on soybean oil (Intralipid, IL). Methods In this single-center prospective, randomized, double blind study either Intralipid or SMOFlipid was used for parenteral nutrition in ELBW infants. The primary outcome was PNAC (conjugated bilirubin {\textgreater} 1.5 mg/dl in two consecutive measurements during hospital stay). Results A total of 230 children were included and 207 infants were analyzed (IL: n=101, SMOF: n=106). The demographic parameters were evenly distributed between the two groups. PNAC incidence was 11.3\% in the SMOF group and 14.9\% in the IL group, which was not statistically significant (p=0.451). There were no differences in the incidence of morbidities associated with extreme prematurity such as ROP, culture proven sepsis or NEC. Conclusions The use of a fish oil containing fat emulsion (SMOFlipid) had no protective effect on PNAC incidence in ELBW infants at our center, with a generally low incidence of PNAC. Our data did not show any effect on ROP or sepsis.},
journal = {European Journal of Pediatrics},
author = {{Repa A.} and {Binder C.} and {Thanhaeuser M.} and {Kreissl A.} and {Dangl M.} and {Berger A.} and {Haiden N.}},
year = {2016},
keywords = {*cholestasis, *parenteral nutrition, Fish oil, Soybean oil, bilirubin glucuronide, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, double blind procedure, emulsion, extremely low birth weight, hospitalization, human, infant, lipid emulsion, major clinical study, morbidity, prematurity, prevention, randomized controlled trial, sepsis}
}Effect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia. Yuan, X., Qian, S., Li, Z., & Zhang, Z. World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 12(2):166--9, 2016. Yuan, Xiao. Pediatric Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Qian, Su-Yun. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. syqian1211@163.com. Qian, Su-Yun. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China. syqian1211@163.com. Li, Zheng. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Zhang, Zhe-Zhe. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a common respiratory infectious disease in infancy. Previous work shows controversial results on the benefit of zinc supplementation in patients with pneumonia. We conducted this study to investigate serum zinc status amongst infants with severe pneumonia and the clinical impact that zinc supplementation has on those patients with low serum zinc levels., METHODS: This study design was a non-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial. The study is approved by the Ethics Committees of Beijing Children's Hospital. A total of 96 infants diagnosed with severe pneumonia and hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit between November 2011 and January 2012 were enrolled. Enrolled patients were divided into low serum zinc and normal serum zinc group. The low serum zinc group was randomized into treatment and control groups. Only the treatment group received zinc supplementation within 48-72 hours after hospitalization., RESULTS: The prevalence of zinc deficiency on admission was 76.0%. The low zinc level was most apparent in infants between 1 and 3 months of age. The serum zinc level increased in the zinc treatment group and returned to a normal level (median, 53.20 mumol/L) on day 12+/-2. There was no statistical difference in the pediatric critic illness score, lung injury score, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the zinc treatment group and control group., CONCLUSION: Zinc deficiency is common in infants with severe pneumonia. Normalization of zinc levels with zinc supplementation did not improve clinical outcomes of infants with pneumonia.
@article{yuan_effect_2016,
title = {Effect of zinc supplementation on infants with severe pneumonia.},
volume = {12},
issn = {1867-0687},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a common respiratory infectious disease in infancy. Previous work shows controversial results on the benefit of zinc supplementation in patients with pneumonia. We conducted this study to investigate serum zinc status amongst infants with severe pneumonia and the clinical impact that zinc supplementation has on those patients with low serum zinc levels., METHODS: This study design was a non-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial. The study is approved by the Ethics Committees of Beijing Children's Hospital. A total of 96 infants diagnosed with severe pneumonia and hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit between November 2011 and January 2012 were enrolled. Enrolled patients were divided into low serum zinc and normal serum zinc group. The low serum zinc group was randomized into treatment and control groups. Only the treatment group received zinc supplementation within 48-72 hours after hospitalization., RESULTS: The prevalence of zinc deficiency on admission was 76.0\%. The low zinc level was most apparent in infants between 1 and 3 months of age. The serum zinc level increased in the zinc treatment group and returned to a normal level (median, 53.20 mumol/L) on day 12+/-2. There was no statistical difference in the pediatric critic illness score, lung injury score, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the zinc treatment group and control group., CONCLUSION: Zinc deficiency is common in infants with severe pneumonia. Normalization of zinc levels with zinc supplementation did not improve clinical outcomes of infants with pneumonia.},
number = {2},
journal = {World journal of pediatrics : WJP},
author = {Yuan, Xiao and Qian, Su-Yun and Li, Zheng and Zhang, Zhe-Zhe},
year = {2016},
note = {Yuan, Xiao. Pediatric Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qian, Su-Yun. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. syqian1211@163.com.
Qian, Su-Yun. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China. syqian1211@163.com.
Li, Zheng. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhang, Zhe-Zhe. PICU, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.},
keywords = {*Community-Acquired Infections/co [Complications], *Pneumonia/co [Complications], *Zinc/df [Deficiency], *Zinc/tu [Therapeutic Use], Deficiency Diseases/dt [Drug Therapy], Deficiency Diseases/et [Etiology], Dietary Supplements, Humans, Prospective Studies, female, infant, male, severity of illness index},
pages = {166--9}
}Clonidine for Sedation and Analgesia and Withdrawal in Critically Ill Infants and Children. Capino A.C., Miller J.L., & Johnson P.N. 2016.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex The need for sedation and analgesia and treatment of iatrogenic drug withdrawal is common in critically ill children. First-line therapy typically includes opioid agonists. However, clonidine, a central alpha2 agonist, has been suggested as a treatment option for sedation and analgesia and iatrogenic drug withdrawal. Therefore, we conducted a literature search to identify articles evaluating the use of enteral (PO) and transdermal clonidine in critically ill infants and children for sedation and analgesia and treatment of iatrogenic drug withdrawal. The literature search was limited to English-language articles in Medline (1946-May 2016), Embase (1988-May 2016), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2016). Reference citations from relevant articles were also reviewed. Ten case reports and studies, representing a total of 114 children receiving clonidine, were included. Fifty patients (43.9%) received clonidine for sedation and analgesia while mechanically ventilated, and 33 (29.0%) received clonidine for treatment or prevention of drug withdrawal. The remaining 31 patients (27.1%) were included in a pharmacokinetic study that did not evaluate clinical outcomes. Seventy-nine patients (69.3%) received PO clonidine, with a dosage range of 2-15 micro g/kg/day divided every 6-8 hours. Thirty-five patients (30.7%) received transdermal clonidine, with a dosage range of 2.3-20 micro g/kg/day. Whole, cut, and occluded transdermal patches were used in the reports. Patients receiving cut patches had more variable and significantly higher serum clonidine concentrations than those receiving whole patches. Only three studies reported that the PO clonidine dose was tapered at the end of therapy; however, no report specifically described the process. The two most common adverse events reported with PO and transdermal clonidine were bradycardia and hypotension. PO and transdermal clonidine have a potential role for sedation and analgesia and drug withdrawal in critically ill infants and children. The use of cut transdermal patches should be avoided. Future prospective studies are needed to further define clonidine's role as adjunct therapy or monotherapy. Copyright © 2016 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.
@misc{capino_a.c._clonidine_2016,
title = {Clonidine for {Sedation} and {Analgesia} and {Withdrawal} in {Critically} {Ill} {Infants} and {Children}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1875-9114/issues},
abstract = {The need for sedation and analgesia and treatment of iatrogenic drug withdrawal is common in critically ill children. First-line therapy typically includes opioid agonists. However, clonidine, a central alpha2 agonist, has been suggested as a treatment option for sedation and analgesia and iatrogenic drug withdrawal. Therefore, we conducted a literature search to identify articles evaluating the use of enteral (PO) and transdermal clonidine in critically ill infants and children for sedation and analgesia and treatment of iatrogenic drug withdrawal. The literature search was limited to English-language articles in Medline (1946-May 2016), Embase (1988-May 2016), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2016). Reference citations from relevant articles were also reviewed. Ten case reports and studies, representing a total of 114 children receiving clonidine, were included. Fifty patients (43.9\%) received clonidine for sedation and analgesia while mechanically ventilated, and 33 (29.0\%) received clonidine for treatment or prevention of drug withdrawal. The remaining 31 patients (27.1\%) were included in a pharmacokinetic study that did not evaluate clinical outcomes. Seventy-nine patients (69.3\%) received PO clonidine, with a dosage range of 2-15 micro g/kg/day divided every 6-8 hours. Thirty-five patients (30.7\%) received transdermal clonidine, with a dosage range of 2.3-20 micro g/kg/day. Whole, cut, and occluded transdermal patches were used in the reports. Patients receiving cut patches had more variable and significantly higher serum clonidine concentrations than those receiving whole patches. Only three studies reported that the PO clonidine dose was tapered at the end of therapy; however, no report specifically described the process. The two most common adverse events reported with PO and transdermal clonidine were bradycardia and hypotension. PO and transdermal clonidine have a potential role for sedation and analgesia and drug withdrawal in critically ill infants and children. The use of cut transdermal patches should be avoided. Future prospective studies are needed to further define clonidine's role as adjunct therapy or monotherapy. Copyright © 2016 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.},
journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
author = {{Capino A.C.} and {Miller J.L.} and {Johnson P.N.}},
year = {2016},
keywords = {*analgesia, *clonidine, *clonidine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *clonidine/cm [Drug Comparison], *clonidine/cr [Drug Concentration], *clonidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *clonidine/dt [Drug Therapy], *clonidine/po [Oral Drug Administration], *clonidine/td [Transdermal Drug Administration], *critically ill patient, *pediatric anesthesia, *sedation, *withdrawal syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy], *withdrawal syndrome/pc [Prevention], Child, Embase, English (language), Medline, Pharmacokinetics, adverse drug reaction, artificial ventilation, bradycardia, bradycardia/si [Side Effect], clinical outcome, drug blood level, drug dose increase, drug dose titration, drug induced disease, drug therapy, drug withdrawal, human, hypotension, hypotension/si [Side Effect], infant, intensive care, monotherapy, placebo, plasma half life, prospective study, respiratory failure/th [Therapy], review, side effect, single drug dose, systematic review, transdermal drug administration, transdermal patch, withdrawal syndrome/dt [Drug Therapy]}
}Comparison of fetal outcome in booked versus non-booked patients in term singleton breech presentation. Bibi N., Jabeen N., Khatoon S., & Khalid T. 2016.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Background: Breach presentation is one of the most important malpresentation which is associated with increased chances of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Aim: To assess the proportion of non-booked breach presentation, to compare their mode of delivery and fetal outcome with those who were booked. Place and duration of study: Obstetrics and gynecology department unit I, II at Holy family Hospital (HFH) Rawalpindi, obstetrics and gynecology department Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Study conducted for 8 months from25th April to 25th December 2011. Methods: Total number of singleton pregnant population breech presentation comprising both booked and non-booked was collected. All high risk breeches with complications were excluded. 544 low risk cases in labor were selected randomly. Outcome measures were assessed in the form of APGAR score at 5 minutes and admission to ICU. Results: 80% of cases in booked group were selected for elective cesarean section compared to 10% in un-booked case.60% of them were delivered at 38 weeks. In booked cesarean section 28% cases have babies more than 3.5 kg weight and in un booked cases only 6% have babies more than 3.5kg. Babies of vaginally delivered breeches were weighing less than 3 kg. Maternal morbidity, duration of hospital stay and cost increased in booked group. Conclusion: There is increase in maternal morbidity and hospital stay in booked breach presentation due to high cesarean rate, so we should rethink in planning mode of delivery. Copyright © 2016, Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.
@misc{bibi_n._comparison_2016,
title = {Comparison of fetal outcome in booked versus non-booked patients in term singleton breech presentation},
url = {http://pjmhsonline.com/2016/july_sep/pdf/931.pdf},
abstract = {Background: Breach presentation is one of the most important malpresentation which is associated with increased chances of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Aim: To assess the proportion of non-booked breach presentation, to compare their mode of delivery and fetal outcome with those who were booked. Place and duration of study: Obstetrics and gynecology department unit I, II at Holy family Hospital (HFH) Rawalpindi, obstetrics and gynecology department Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi. Study conducted for 8 months from25th April to 25th December 2011. Methods: Total number of singleton pregnant population breech presentation comprising both booked and non-booked was collected. All high risk breeches with complications were excluded. 544 low risk cases in labor were selected randomly. Outcome measures were assessed in the form of APGAR score at 5 minutes and admission to ICU. Results: 80\% of cases in booked group were selected for elective cesarean section compared to 10\% in un-booked case.60\% of them were delivered at 38 weeks. In booked cesarean section 28\% cases have babies more than 3.5 kg weight and in un booked cases only 6\% have babies more than 3.5kg. Babies of vaginally delivered breeches were weighing less than 3 kg. Maternal morbidity, duration of hospital stay and cost increased in booked group. Conclusion: There is increase in maternal morbidity and hospital stay in booked breach presentation due to high cesarean rate, so we should rethink in planning mode of delivery. Copyright © 2016, Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.},
journal = {Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences},
author = {{Bibi N.} and {Jabeen N.} and {Khatoon S.} and {Khalid T.}},
year = {2016},
keywords = {*booked breach presentation, *breech presentation, *cesarean section, *family study, *fetus outcome, *hospitalization, *maternal morbidity, *nonbooked breach presentation, Apgar score, adult, article, cesarean section, controlled study, female, fetus, gynecology, health care cost, high risk pregnancy, hospital admission, hospitalization, human, infant, intensive care, labor, low risk patient, major clinical study, obstetrics, pregnancy, prospective study, treatment duration, vaginal delivery}
}Setting-up and validation of a respiratory distress adult rabbit model managed in nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation. Ricci F., Catozzi C., Murgia X., Lorenzin L., Amidani D., Rosa B., Bianco F., Pioselli B., Dani C., & Salomone F. 2016.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Background and aims Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a widely accepted technique of non-invasive respiratory support in spontaneously-breathing premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to lack of lung surfactant. Surfactant administration technique compatible with nCPAP ventilation strategy are actively investigated. The aim of this study is therefore to set up and validate an animal model of respiratory distress that can be managed on nCPAP for the evaluation of surfactant administration techniques study. Methods Surfactant depletion was induced by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 18 adult rabbits. Full depletion was assessed by surfactant component analysis on the BAL samples. Animals were randomized into two groups: no treatment (nCPAP only group) and InSurE Curosurf(200mg/kg; Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy) treatment. Arterial blood gases were monitored until animal sacrifice, 3 hours post treatment. Lung mechanics were evaluated before BAL, before treatment and before sacrifice. Results Surfactant phospholipids and protein analysis on sequential BALs confirmed the efficacy of the surfactant depletion procedure. The InSurE treatment group showed significant blood oxygenation and lung mechanics improvements. On the contrary, no signs of recovery were observed in the nCPAP only group. Conclusions The surfactant-depleted adult rabbit respiratory distress model proved to be a valuable and efficient preclinical tool for mimicking the clinical scenario of preterm infants affected by mild/moderate RDS who spontaneously breathe and do not require mechanical ventilation. This population might be of particular interest as potential target for the non-invasive administration of surfactants. (Figure Presented).
@misc{ricci_f._setting-up_2016,
title = {Setting-up and validation of a respiratory distress adult rabbit model managed in nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation},
abstract = {Background and aims Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a widely accepted technique of non-invasive respiratory support in spontaneously-breathing premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to lack of lung surfactant. Surfactant administration technique compatible with nCPAP ventilation strategy are actively investigated. The aim of this study is therefore to set up and validate an animal model of respiratory distress that can be managed on nCPAP for the evaluation of surfactant administration techniques study. Methods Surfactant depletion was induced by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on 18 adult rabbits. Full depletion was assessed by surfactant component analysis on the BAL samples. Animals were randomized into two groups: no treatment (nCPAP only group) and InSurE Curosurf(200mg/kg; Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy) treatment. Arterial blood gases were monitored until animal sacrifice, 3 hours post treatment. Lung mechanics were evaluated before BAL, before treatment and before sacrifice. Results Surfactant phospholipids and protein analysis on sequential BALs confirmed the efficacy of the surfactant depletion procedure. The InSurE treatment group showed significant blood oxygenation and lung mechanics improvements. On the contrary, no signs of recovery were observed in the nCPAP only group. Conclusions The surfactant-depleted adult rabbit respiratory distress model proved to be a valuable and efficient preclinical tool for mimicking the clinical scenario of preterm infants affected by mild/moderate RDS who spontaneously breathe and do not require mechanical ventilation. This population might be of particular interest as potential target for the non-invasive administration of surfactants. (Figure Presented).},
journal = {European Journal of Pediatrics},
author = {{Ricci F.} and {Catozzi C.} and {Murgia X.} and {Lorenzin L.} and {Amidani D.} and {Rosa B.} and {Bianco F.} and {Pioselli B.} and {Dani C.} and {Salomone F.}},
year = {2016},
keywords = {*positive end expiratory pressure, *rabbit model, *respiratory distress syndrome, *validation process, Italy, adult, animal experiment, animal model, arterial blood, blood gas, blood oxygenation, controlled study, disease model, endogenous compound, infant, lavage fluid, lung lavage, lung mechanics, nonhuman, phospholipid, preclinical study, prematurity, protein analysis, surfactant}
}Hypothermia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Increases Need for Inotropic Support but Does Not Impact Inflammation in Children Undergoing Surgical Ventricular Septal Defect Closure. Schmitt, K. R. L., Fedarava, K., Justus, G., Redlin, M., Bottcher, W., Delmo Walter, E. M., Hetzer, R., Berger, F., & Miera, O. Artificial organs, 40(5):470--9, 2016. Schmitt, Katharina Rose Luise. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Fedarava, Katsiaryna. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Justus, Georgia. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Redlin, Mathias. Department of Anesthesiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Bottcher, Wolfgang. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Delmo Walter, Eva Maria. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Hetzer, Roland. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Berger, Felix. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Berger, Felix. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. Miera, Oliver. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Minimizing the systemic inflammatory response caused by cardiopulmonary bypass is a major concern. It has been suggested that the perfusion temperature affects the inflammatory response. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of moderate hypothermia (32degreeC) and normothermia (36degreeC) during cardiopulmonary bypass on markers of the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes (time on ventilator) after surgical closure of ventricular septal defects. During surgical closure of ventricular septal defects under cardiopulmonary bypass, 20 children (median age 4.9 months, range 2.3-38 months; median weight 7.2kg, range 5.2-11.7kg) were randomized to a perfusion temperature of either 32degreeC (Group 1, n=10) or 36degreeC (Group 2, n=10). The clinical data and blood samples were collected before cardiopulmonary bypass, directly after aortic cross-clamp release, and 4 and 24h after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Time on ventilation as primary outcome did not differ between the two groups. Other clinical outcome parameters like fluid balance or length of stay in the intensive care were also similar in the two groups. Compared with Group 2, Group 1 needed significantly higher and longer inotropic support (P\textless0.001). In Group 1, two infants had junctional ectopic tachycardia, and another had a pulmonary hypertensive crisis. Perfusion temperature did not influence cytokine release, organ injury, or coagulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature does not influence time on ventilation or inflammatory marker release. However, in the present study, with a small patient cohort, patients operated under hypothermic bypass needed higher and longer inotropic support. The use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children should be approached with care. , Copyright © 2015 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
@article{schmitt_hypothermia_2016,
title = {Hypothermia {During} {Cardiopulmonary} {Bypass} {Increases} {Need} for {Inotropic} {Support} but {Does} {Not} {Impact} {Inflammation} in {Children} {Undergoing} {Surgical} {Ventricular} {Septal} {Defect} {Closure}.},
volume = {40},
issn = {1525-1594},
abstract = {Minimizing the systemic inflammatory response caused by cardiopulmonary bypass is a major concern. It has been suggested that the perfusion temperature affects the inflammatory response. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the effects of moderate hypothermia (32degreeC) and normothermia (36degreeC) during cardiopulmonary bypass on markers of the inflammatory response and clinical outcomes (time on ventilator) after surgical closure of ventricular septal defects. During surgical closure of ventricular septal defects under cardiopulmonary bypass, 20 children (median age 4.9 months, range 2.3-38 months; median weight 7.2kg, range 5.2-11.7kg) were randomized to a perfusion temperature of either 32degreeC (Group 1, n=10) or 36degreeC (Group 2, n=10). The clinical data and blood samples were collected before cardiopulmonary bypass, directly after aortic cross-clamp release, and 4 and 24h after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Time on ventilation as primary outcome did not differ between the two groups. Other clinical outcome parameters like fluid balance or length of stay in the intensive care were also similar in the two groups. Compared with Group 2, Group 1 needed significantly higher and longer inotropic support (P{\textless}0.001). In Group 1, two infants had junctional ectopic tachycardia, and another had a pulmonary hypertensive crisis. Perfusion temperature did not influence cytokine release, organ injury, or coagulation. Cardiopulmonary bypass temperature does not influence time on ventilation or inflammatory marker release. However, in the present study, with a small patient cohort, patients operated under hypothermic bypass needed higher and longer inotropic support. The use of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in infants and children should be approached with care. , Copyright © 2015 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
number = {5},
journal = {Artificial organs},
author = {Schmitt, Katharina Rose Luise and Fedarava, Katsiaryna and Justus, Georgia and Redlin, Mathias and Bottcher, Wolfgang and Delmo Walter, Eva Maria and Hetzer, Roland and Berger, Felix and Miera, Oliver},
year = {2016},
note = {Schmitt, Katharina Rose Luise. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Fedarava, Katsiaryna. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Justus, Georgia. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Redlin, Mathias. Department of Anesthesiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Bottcher, Wolfgang. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Delmo Walter, Eva Maria. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Hetzer, Roland. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Berger, Felix. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Berger, Felix. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Miera, Oliver. Department of Congenital Heart Disease/Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.},
keywords = {*Cardiopulmonary Bypass/mt [Methods], *Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/su [Surgery], *Hypothermia, Induced/mt [Methods], Blood Coagulation, Cytokines/bl [Blood], Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/bl [Blood], Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/co [Complications], Humans, Inflammation/bl [Blood], Inflammation/co [Complications], Prospective Studies, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/bl [Blood], Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/co [Complications], female, infant, male, treatment outcome},
pages = {470--9}
}2015 (2)
Dexmedetomidine in the pediatric population: A review. Plambech M.Z. & Afshari A. 2015.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist approved only for sedation in adult intensive care patients, is increasingly used off-label in- and outside Europe in the pediatric setting for various indications such as to prevent agitation, as premedication in the form of intranasal, buccal and oral solution, as adjunct for elective surgery, as sedative for magnetic resonance imaging, as intraoperative analgesia, for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and as adjuvant to ropi- and bupivacaine for nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine is also used intravenously at different intensive care units with the purpose of sedation of children. In this paper, we assess 51 minor trials in the form of 44 randomized controlled trials and 7 prospective observational studies in an attempt to update the available evidence on dexmedetomidine use in pediatrics. Furthermore, we discuss its potential indications, benefits and adverse effects. However, it is important to state that much of the existing evidence favoring dexmedetomidine in children is either extrapolated from adult studies or based on small randomized controlled trials and observational studies with their inherent methodological shortcomings and confounding factors. Based on the best current evidence dexmedetomidine is found suitable and safe for various indications. However, in order to discover its full potential, indications, dosing and safety profile for various ages and procedures, it should urgently be examined by conducting good quality pediatric trials. Finally, we provide the readers with guidance on how to apply and dose dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation and for other indications. Copyright COPYRIGHT © 2015 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.
@misc{plambech_m.z._dexmedetomidine_2015,
title = {Dexmedetomidine in the pediatric population: {A} review},
url = {http://www.minervamedica.it/en/getpdf/sbNvoPlJhvv6bbyfsqY76tEZcB64PRPRZhQ7XFLHe60Q6OIPvcRxmU6QbTTdsDC59xcyai%252BPQuY95g446wPjIA%253D%253D/R02Y2015N03A0320.pdf},
abstract = {Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist approved only for sedation in adult intensive care patients, is increasingly used off-label in- and outside Europe in the pediatric setting for various indications such as to prevent agitation, as premedication in the form of intranasal, buccal and oral solution, as adjunct for elective surgery, as sedative for magnetic resonance imaging, as intraoperative analgesia, for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and as adjuvant to ropi- and bupivacaine for nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine is also used intravenously at different intensive care units with the purpose of sedation of children. In this paper, we assess 51 minor trials in the form of 44 randomized controlled trials and 7 prospective observational studies in an attempt to update the available evidence on dexmedetomidine use in pediatrics. Furthermore, we discuss its potential indications, benefits and adverse effects. However, it is important to state that much of the existing evidence favoring dexmedetomidine in children is either extrapolated from adult studies or based on small randomized controlled trials and observational studies with their inherent methodological shortcomings and confounding factors. Based on the best current evidence dexmedetomidine is found suitable and safe for various indications. However, in order to discover its full potential, indications, dosing and safety profile for various ages and procedures, it should urgently be examined by conducting good quality pediatric trials. Finally, we provide the readers with guidance on how to apply and dose dexmedetomidine for pediatric sedation and for other indications. Copyright COPYRIGHT © 2015 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA.},
journal = {Minerva Anestesiologica},
author = {{Plambech M.Z.} and {Afshari A.}},
year = {2015},
keywords = {*anesthesia, *child, *deep sedation, *dexmedetomidine, *dexmedetomidine/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *dexmedetomidine/ct [Clinical Trial], *dexmedetomidine/na [Intranasal Drug Administration], *human, *pediatrics, *population, Child, Europe, adjuvant, adolescent, adult, adverse drug reaction, agitation, agonist, analgesia, article, bupivacaine, cardiovascular effect, clinical protocol, elective surgery, extracorporeal lithotripsy, human, infant, intensive care, intensive care unit, intranasal drug administration, intraoperative analgesia, intraoperative period, meta analysis (topic), nerve block, newborn, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, observational study, patient, pediatrics, perioperative period, phase 1 clinical trial (topic), premedication, procedures, randomized controlled trial (topic), reading, safety, sedation, sedative agent, side effect/si [Side Effect], systematic review (topic)}
}Topical Nystatin for the Prevention of Catheter-Associated Candidiasis in ELBW Infants. Bodin M.B., Godoy G., & Philips J.B. 2015.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated Candida bloodstream infections are a common and serious problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Several prophylactic regimens have been developed including oral administration of nonabsorbable antifungals and intravenous infusions. No reports to date have employed a topical regimen., PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical nystatin cream in preventing catheter-associated Candida sepsis., METHODS: A retrospective descriptive design was used to determine the incidence of Candida sepsis in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW, \textless1000 g at birth) infants who were treated with topical nystatin cream for Candida bloodstream infection prophylaxis between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. The electronic medical records of study infants were reviewed to establish the incidence of Candida sepsis., RESULTS: A total of 464 ELBW infants were admitted to the NICU during the study period. Three infants (0.65%) developed Candida sepsis., IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These data demonstrate that a topical nystatin cream protocol is associated with a very low rate of Candida sepsis in ELBW infants with central catheters. The use of this protocol may contribute to a decrease in the morbidity and mortality rate associated with catheter-associated Candida infections in ELBW infants., IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Before generalizations can be made as to the safety and efficacy of this protocol as compared to enteral and parenteral prophylactic treatments and in other institutions, large multicenter randomized controlled trials are required.
@misc{bodin_m.b._topical_2015,
title = {Topical {Nystatin} for the {Prevention} of {Catheter}-{Associated} {Candidiasis} in {ELBW} {Infants}},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated Candida bloodstream infections are a common and serious problem in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Several prophylactic regimens have been developed including oral administration of nonabsorbable antifungals and intravenous infusions. No reports to date have employed a topical regimen., PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical nystatin cream in preventing catheter-associated Candida sepsis., METHODS: A retrospective descriptive design was used to determine the incidence of Candida sepsis in extremely low-birth weight (ELBW, {\textless}1000 g at birth) infants who were treated with topical nystatin cream for Candida bloodstream infection prophylaxis between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. The electronic medical records of study infants were reviewed to establish the incidence of Candida sepsis., RESULTS: A total of 464 ELBW infants were admitted to the NICU during the study period. Three infants (0.65\%) developed Candida sepsis., IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These data demonstrate that a topical nystatin cream protocol is associated with a very low rate of Candida sepsis in ELBW infants with central catheters. The use of this protocol may contribute to a decrease in the morbidity and mortality rate associated with catheter-associated Candida infections in ELBW infants., IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Before generalizations can be made as to the safety and efficacy of this protocol as compared to enteral and parenteral prophylactic treatments and in other institutions, large multicenter randomized controlled trials are required.},
journal = {Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses},
author = {{Bodin M.B.} and {Godoy G.} and {Philips J.B.}},
year = {2015},
keywords = {*adverse effects, Catheter-Related Infections/pc [Prevention], Infant, Premature, Diseases/pc [Prevention], antifungal agent/ad [Drug Administration], antifungal agent/dt [Drug Therapy], candidiasis/pc [Prevention], central venous catheterization, female, human, infection control, male, newborn, nursing, nystatin/ad [Drug Administration], ointment, procedures, retrospective study, sepsis/pc [Prevention], therapeutic use, very low birth weight}
}2014 (2)
Serious adverse effects from single-use detergent sacs: report from a U.S. statewide poison control system. Huntington, S., Heppner, J., Vohra, R., Mallios, R., & Geller, R. J. Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 52(3):220--225, March, 2014.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: In recent years, serious adverse effects to children from exposure to single-use detergents sacs (SUDS) have been recognized. While most exposures result in minor symptoms, there have been serious outcomes. This study aims to classify which types of serious outcomes follow SUDS exposures, and to assess, if possible, differences in toxicity between various SUDS products. METHODS: An observational case series with data collected retrospectively was performed for cases of SUDS exposures reported to a statewide poison system's records database from 1 January 2012 to 31 March 2013. Cases were identified and analyzed for clinical details and trends. A statewide database was queried for cases involving the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) product-specific codes for SUDS products using following search terms: laundry pods, the AAPCC product-specific codes for Tide Pods, Purex Ultrapacks, ALL Mighty Pacs, and a unique agent code (AAPCC ID: 6903138; Generic: 077900) created by AAPCC to track SUDS exposures. RESULTS: A total of 804 cases of exposures to SUDS were identified, the majority of which were exploratory ingestions in young children with a median age of 2 years. Serious adverse effects resulted from 65 (9%) exposures and 27 (3%) exposures resulted in admission to hospital. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of central nervous system (CNS) or respiratory system effects were associated with more severe outcomes, with a model accuracy of 96.4%. There were significant differences in morbidity among the three most common brand-name products: when compared with Tide Pods, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for severe outcome and admission rate were significantly greater following Purex Ultrapack exposures (severity OR 5.1 [CI: 2.13-12.23]; admission OR 10.36 [CI: 3.23-33.22]) and ALL Mighty Pac exposures (severity OR 11.22 [CI: 4.78-28.36]; admission OR 15.20 [CI: 5.01-46.12]). CONCLUSIONS: Serious complications from exposure to SUDS occur in a small number of exposures for unclear reasons. Respiratory and CNS effects are associated with more severe outcomes. Some brand-name products are associated with a relatively higher risk of severe adverse effects and rates of admission.
@article{huntington_serious_2014,
title = {Serious adverse effects from single-use detergent sacs: report from a {U}.{S}. statewide poison control system},
volume = {52},
issn = {1556-9519},
shorttitle = {Serious adverse effects from single-use detergent sacs},
doi = {10.3109/15563650.2014.892122},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, serious adverse effects to children from exposure to single-use detergents sacs (SUDS) have been recognized. While most exposures result in minor symptoms, there have been serious outcomes. This study aims to classify which types of serious outcomes follow SUDS exposures, and to assess, if possible, differences in toxicity between various SUDS products.
METHODS: An observational case series with data collected retrospectively was performed for cases of SUDS exposures reported to a statewide poison system's records database from 1 January 2012 to 31 March 2013. Cases were identified and analyzed for clinical details and trends. A statewide database was queried for cases involving the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) product-specific codes for SUDS products using following search terms: laundry pods, the AAPCC product-specific codes for Tide Pods, Purex Ultrapacks, ALL Mighty Pacs, and a unique agent code (AAPCC ID: 6903138; Generic: 077900) created by AAPCC to track SUDS exposures.
RESULTS: A total of 804 cases of exposures to SUDS were identified, the majority of which were exploratory ingestions in young children with a median age of 2 years. Serious adverse effects resulted from 65 (9\%) exposures and 27 (3\%) exposures resulted in admission to hospital. Binary logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of central nervous system (CNS) or respiratory system effects were associated with more severe outcomes, with a model accuracy of 96.4\%. There were significant differences in morbidity among the three most common brand-name products: when compared with Tide Pods, odds ratios (OR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI) for severe outcome and admission rate were significantly greater following Purex Ultrapack exposures (severity OR 5.1 [CI: 2.13-12.23]; admission OR 10.36 [CI: 3.23-33.22]) and ALL Mighty Pac exposures (severity OR 11.22 [CI: 4.78-28.36]; admission OR 15.20 [CI: 5.01-46.12]).
CONCLUSIONS: Serious complications from exposure to SUDS occur in a small number of exposures for unclear reasons. Respiratory and CNS effects are associated with more severe outcomes. Some brand-name products are associated with a relatively higher risk of severe adverse effects and rates of admission.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
author = {Huntington, S. and Heppner, J. and Vohra, R. and Mallios, R. and Geller, R. J.},
month = mar,
year = {2014},
pmid = {24580062},
keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Detergents, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Logistic Models, Poison Control Centers, Retrospective Studies, United States},
pages = {220--225}
}Evaluating the accuracy of electronic pediatric drug dosing rules. Kirkendall, E. S., Spooner, S. A., & Logan, J. R. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 21(e1):e43--49, February, 2014. 00012
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of vendor-supplied dosing eRules for pediatric medication orders. Inaccurate or absent dosing rules can lead to high numbers of false alerts or undetected prescribing errors and may potentially compromise safety in this already vulnerable population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 7 months of medication orders and alerts from a large pediatric hospital were analyzed. 30 medications were selected for study across 5 age ranges and 5 dosing parameters. The resulting 750 dosing rules from a commercial system formed the study corpus and were examined for accuracy against a gold standard created from traditional clinical resources. RESULTS: Overall accuracy of the rules in the study corpus was 55.1% when the rules were transformed to fit a priori age ranges. Over a pediatric lifetime, the dosing rules were accurate an average of 57.6% of the days. Dosing rules pertaining to the newborn age range were as accurate as other age ranges on average, but exhibited more variability. Daily frequency dosing parameters showed more accuracy than total daily dose, single dose minimum, or single dose maximum. DISCUSSION: The accuracy of a vendor-supplied set of dosing eRules is suboptimal when compared with traditional dosing sources, exposing a gap between dosing rules in commercial products and actual prescribing practices by pediatric care providers. More research on vendor-supplied eRules is warranted in order to understand the effects of these products on safe prescribing in children.
@article{kirkendall_evaluating_2014,
title = {Evaluating the accuracy of electronic pediatric drug dosing rules},
volume = {21},
issn = {1527-974X},
doi = {10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001793},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of vendor-supplied dosing eRules for pediatric medication orders. Inaccurate or absent dosing rules can lead to high numbers of false alerts or undetected prescribing errors and may potentially compromise safety in this already vulnerable population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 7 months of medication orders and alerts from a large pediatric hospital were analyzed. 30 medications were selected for study across 5 age ranges and 5 dosing parameters. The resulting 750 dosing rules from a commercial system formed the study corpus and were examined for accuracy against a gold standard created from traditional clinical resources.
RESULTS: Overall accuracy of the rules in the study corpus was 55.1\% when the rules were transformed to fit a priori age ranges. Over a pediatric lifetime, the dosing rules were accurate an average of 57.6\% of the days. Dosing rules pertaining to the newborn age range were as accurate as other age ranges on average, but exhibited more variability. Daily frequency dosing parameters showed more accuracy than total daily dose, single dose minimum, or single dose maximum.
DISCUSSION: The accuracy of a vendor-supplied set of dosing eRules is suboptimal when compared with traditional dosing sources, exposing a gap between dosing rules in commercial products and actual prescribing practices by pediatric care providers. More research on vendor-supplied eRules is warranted in order to understand the effects of these products on safe prescribing in children.},
language = {eng},
number = {e1},
journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
author = {Kirkendall, Eric S. and Spooner, S. Andrew and Logan, Judith R.},
month = feb,
year = {2014},
pmid = {23813541},
pmcid = {PMC3957390},
note = {00012 },
keywords = {Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Female, Hospitals, Pediatric, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Medical Order Entry Systems, Medication Errors, Medication Systems, Hospital, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Retrospective Studies},
pages = {e43--49}
}2013 (9)
Epidemiological features and risk factors of Salmonella gastroenteritis in children resident in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Thompson, C. N., Phan, V. T. M., Le, T. P. T., Pham, T. N. T., Hoang, L. P., Ha, V., Nguyen, V. M. H., Pham, V. M., Nguyen, T. V., Cao, T. T., Tran, T. T. N., Nguyen, T. T. H., Dao, M. T., Campbell, J. I., Nguyen, T. C., Tang, C. T., Ha, M. T., Farrar, J., & Baker, S. Epidemiology and infection, 141(8):1604–1613, August, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Non-typhoidal Salmonella are an important but poorly characterized cause of paediatric diarrhoea in developing countries. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in children aged \textless5 years in Ho Chi Minh City to define the epidemiology and examine risk factors associated with Salmonella diarrhoeal infections. From 1419 diarrhoea cases and 571 controls enrolled between 2009 and 2010, 77 (54%) diarrhoea cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Salmonella patients were more likely to be younger than controls (median age 10 and 12 months, respectively) [odds ratio (OR) 097; 95% confidence interval (CI) 094-099], to report a recent diarrhoeal contact (81% cases, 18% controls; OR 598, 95% CI 18-204) and to live in a household with \textgreater2 children (cases 208%, controls 102%; OR 232, 95% CI 12-47). Our findings indicate that Salmonella are an important cause of paediatric gastroenteritis in this setting and we suggest that transmission may occur through direct human contact in the home.
@article{thompson_epidemiological_2013,
title = {Epidemiological features and risk factors of {Salmonella} gastroenteritis in children resident in {Ho} {Chi} {Minh} {City}, {Vietnam}.},
volume = {141},
issn = {1469-4409 0950-2688},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268812002014},
abstract = {Non-typhoidal Salmonella are an important but poorly characterized cause of paediatric diarrhoea in developing countries. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in children aged {\textless}5 years in Ho Chi Minh City to define the epidemiology and examine risk factors associated with Salmonella diarrhoeal infections. From 1419 diarrhoea cases and 571 controls enrolled between 2009 and 2010, 77 (54\%) diarrhoea cases were stool culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. Salmonella patients were more likely to be younger than controls (median age 10 and 12 months, respectively) [odds ratio (OR) 097; 95\% confidence interval (CI) 094-099], to report a recent diarrhoeal contact (81\% cases, 18\% controls; OR 598, 95\% CI 18-204) and to live in a household with {\textgreater}2 children (cases 208\%, controls 102\%; OR 232, 95\% CI 12-47). Our findings indicate that Salmonella are an important cause of paediatric gastroenteritis in this setting and we suggest that transmission may occur through direct human contact in the home.},
language = {eng},
number = {8},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
author = {Thompson, C. N. and Phan, V. T. M. and Le, T. P. T. and Pham, T. N. T. and Hoang, L. P. and Ha, V. and Nguyen, V. M. H. and Pham, V. M. and Nguyen, T. V. and Cao, T. T. and Tran, T. T. N. and Nguyen, T. T. H. and Dao, M. T. and Campbell, J. I. and Nguyen, T. C. and Tang, C. T. and Ha, M. T. and Farrar, J. and Baker, S.},
month = aug,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23010148},
pmcid = {PMC3733064},
keywords = {*Developing Countries, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Diarrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology, Feces/microbiology, Female, Gastroenteritis/*epidemiology/microbiology, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology/transmission, Salmonella/*isolation \& purification, Surveys and Questionnaires, Urban Population, Vietnam/epidemiology},
pages = {1604--1613},
}Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections. Tan, L. V., van Doorn, H. R., Nghia, H. D. T., Chau, T. T. H., Tu, L. T. P., de Vries, M., Canuti, M., Deijs, M., Jebbink, M. F., Baker, S., Bryant, J. E., Tham, N. T., BKrong, N. T. T. C., Boni, M. F., Loi, T. Q., Phuong, L. T., Verhoeven, J. T. P., Crusat, M., Jeeninga, R. E., Schultsz, C., Chau, N. V. V., Hien, T. T., van der Hoek, L., Farrar, J., & de Jong, M. D. mBio, 4(3):e00231–00213, June, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.
@article{tan_identification_2013,
title = {Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections.},
volume = {4},
issn = {2150-7511},
doi = {10.1128/mBio.00231-13},
abstract = {Acute central nervous system (CNS) infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality, but the etiology remains unknown in a large proportion of cases. We identified and characterized the full genome of a novel cyclovirus (tentatively named cyclovirus-Vietnam [CyCV-VN]) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of two Vietnamese patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology. CyCV-VN was subsequently detected in 4\% of 642 CSF specimens from Vietnamese patients with suspected CNS infections and none of 122 CSFs from patients with noninfectious neurological disorders. Detection rates were similar in patients with CNS infections of unknown etiology and those in whom other pathogens were detected. A similar detection rate in feces from healthy children suggested food-borne or orofecal transmission routes, while high detection rates in feces from pigs and poultry (average, 58\%) suggested the existence of animal reservoirs for such transmission. Further research is needed to address the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this novel, potentially zoonotic virus.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {mBio},
author = {Tan, Le Van and van Doorn, H. Rogier and Nghia, Ho Dang Trung and Chau, Tran Thi Hong and Tu, Le Thi Phuong and de Vries, Michel and Canuti, Marta and Deijs, Martin and Jebbink, Maarten F. and Baker, Stephen and Bryant, Juliet E. and Tham, Nguyen Thi and BKrong, Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh and Boni, Maciej F. and Loi, Tran Quoc and Phuong, Le Thi and Verhoeven, Joost T. P. and Crusat, Martin and Jeeninga, Rienk E. and Schultsz, Constance and Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh and Hien, Tran Tinh and van der Hoek, Lia and Farrar, Jeremy and de Jong, Menno D.},
month = jun,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23781068},
pmcid = {PMC3684831},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Central Nervous System Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Child, Child, Preschool, Circoviridae Infections/epidemiology/*virology, Circoviridae/*classification/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics, Female, Genome, Viral, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vietnam, Young Adult},
pages = {e00231--00213},
}Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference. Théophile, H., André, M., Miremont-Salamé, G., Arimone, Y., & Bégaud, B. Drug Safety, 36(10):1033–1044, October, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed. OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference. METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 %), followed by 'probable' (35 %), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 % each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 %) and 'probable' (30 %) followed by 'definite' (7 %) and 'unlikely' (2 %). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm. CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.
@article{theophile_comparison_2013,
title = {Comparison of three methods (an updated logistic probabilistic method, the {Naranjo} and {Liverpool} algorithms) for the evaluation of routine pharmacovigilance case reports using consensual expert judgement as reference},
volume = {36},
issn = {1179-1942},
doi = {10.1007/s40264-013-0083-1},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: An updated probabilistic causality assessment method and the Liverpool algorithm presented as an improved version of the Naranjo algorithm, one of the most used and accepted causality assessment methods, have recently been proposed.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the validity of the probabilistic method in routine pharmacovigilance, results provided by the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms, as well as the updated probabilistic method, were each compared with a consensual expert judgement taken as reference.
METHODS: A sample of 59 drug-event pairs randomly sampled from spontaneous reports to the French pharmacovigilance system was assessed by expert judgement until reaching consensus and by members of a pharmacovigilance unit using the updated probabilistic method, the Naranjo and Liverpool algorithms. Probabilities given by the probabilistic method, and categories obtained by both the Naranjo and the Liverpool algorithms were compared as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS: The median probability for drug causation given by the consensual expert judgement was 0.70 (inter-quartile range, IQR 0.54-0.84) versus 0.77 (IQR 0.54-0.91) for the probabilistic method. For the Naranjo algorithm, the 'possible' causality category was predominant (61 \%), followed by 'probable' (35 \%), 'doubtful', and 'almost certain' categories (2 \% each). Category distribution obtained with the Liverpool algorithm was similar to that obtained by the Naranjo algorithm with a majority of 'possible' (61 \%) and 'probable' (30 \%) followed by 'definite' (7 \%) and 'unlikely' (2 \%). For the probabilistic method, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.96, 0.56, 0.92 and 0.71, respectively. For the Naranjo algorithm, depending on whether the 'possible' category was considered in favour or in disfavour of drug causation, sensitivity was, respectively, 1 or 0.42, specificity 0.11 or 0.89, negative predictive value 1 or 0.22 and positive predictive value 0.86 or 0.95; results were identical for the Liverpool algorithm.
CONCLUSION: The logistic probabilistic method gave results closer to the consensual expert judgment than either the Naranjo or Liverpool algorithms whose performance were strongly dependent on the meaning given to the 'possible' category. Owing to its good sensitivity and positive predictive value and by providing results as continuous probabilities, the probabilistic method seems worthy to use for a trustable assessment of adverse drug reactions in routine practice.},
language = {eng},
number = {10},
journal = {Drug Safety},
author = {Théophile, Hélène and André, Manon and Miremont-Salamé, Ghada and Arimone, Yannick and Bégaud, Bernard},
month = oct,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23828659},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Consensus, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Expert Testimony, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Judgment, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pharmacovigilance, Sensitivity and Specificity},
pages = {1033--1044}
}Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity: a study using linkage between the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and the General Practice Research Database. Cornish, R. P., Boyd, A., Van Staa, T., Salisbury, C., & Macleod, J. International Journal for Equity in Health, 12:66, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
INTRODUCTION: In adults, multimorbidity is associated with social position. Socially disadvantaged adults typically experience more chronic illness at a younger age than comparable individuals who are more advantaged. The relation between social position and multimorbidity amongst children and adolescents has not been as widely studied and is less clear. METHODS: The NHS Information Centre (NHS IC) linked participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Multimorbidity was measured in three different ways: using a count of the number of drugs prescribed, a count of chronic diseases, and a person's predicted resource use score; the latter two measures were derived using the Johns Hopkins ACG system. A number of different socio-economic position variables measured as part of ALSPAC during pregnancy and early childhood were considered. Ordered logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to investigate associations between socio-economic variables and multimorbidity. RESULTS: After mutually adjusting for the different markers of socio-economic position, there was evidence, albeit weak, that chronic condition counts among children aged from 0 to 9 years were higher among those whose mothers were less well educated (OR = 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.18-1.10; p = 0.08). Conversely, children whose mothers were better educated had higher rates of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.14-3.30). However, living in a more deprived area, as indicated by the Townsend score, was associated with a higher odds of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR for each increasing decile of Townsend score = 1.09; 95% CI 1.00-1.19; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: We have found some evidence that, in younger children, multimorbidity may be higher amongst children whose parents are less well educated. In older children and adolescents this association is less clear. We have also demonstrated that linkage between prospective observational studies and electronic patient records can provide an effective way of obtaining objectively measured outcome variables.
@article{cornish_socio-economic_2013,
title = {Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity: a study using linkage between the {Avon} {Longitudinal} {Study} of {Parents} and {Children} and the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {12},
issn = {1475-9276},
shorttitle = {Socio-economic position and childhood multimorbidity},
doi = {10.1186/1475-9276-12-66},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In adults, multimorbidity is associated with social position. Socially disadvantaged adults typically experience more chronic illness at a younger age than comparable individuals who are more advantaged. The relation between social position and multimorbidity amongst children and adolescents has not been as widely studied and is less clear.
METHODS: The NHS Information Centre (NHS IC) linked participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to the General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Multimorbidity was measured in three different ways: using a count of the number of drugs prescribed, a count of chronic diseases, and a person's predicted resource use score; the latter two measures were derived using the Johns Hopkins ACG system. A number of different socio-economic position variables measured as part of ALSPAC during pregnancy and early childhood were considered. Ordered logistic and negative binomial regression models were used to investigate associations between socio-economic variables and multimorbidity.
RESULTS: After mutually adjusting for the different markers of socio-economic position, there was evidence, albeit weak, that chronic condition counts among children aged from 0 to 9 years were higher among those whose mothers were less well educated (OR = 0.44; 95\% confidence interval 0.18-1.10; p = 0.08). Conversely, children whose mothers were better educated had higher rates of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR = 1.94; 95\% CI 1.14-3.30). However, living in a more deprived area, as indicated by the Townsend score, was associated with a higher odds of chronic illness between 10 and 18 years (OR for each increasing decile of Townsend score = 1.09; 95\% CI 1.00-1.19; p = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS: We have found some evidence that, in younger children, multimorbidity may be higher amongst children whose parents are less well educated. In older children and adolescents this association is less clear. We have also demonstrated that linkage between prospective observational studies and electronic patient records can provide an effective way of obtaining objectively measured outcome variables.},
language = {eng},
journal = {International Journal for Equity in Health},
author = {Cornish, Rosie P. and Boyd, Andy and Van Staa, Tjeerd and Salisbury, Chris and Macleod, John},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23962118},
pmcid = {PMC3751770},
keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Drug Prescriptions, Educational Status, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Regression Analysis, Socioeconomic Factors},
pages = {66}
}An observational descriptive study of the epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain in a UK general population. Hall, G. C., Morant, S. V., Carroll, D., Gabriel, Z. L., & McQuay, H. J. BMC family practice, 14:28, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: This study updated our knowledge of UK primary care neuropathic pain incidence rates and prescribing practices. METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) or phantom limb pain (PLP) were identified from the General Practice Research Database (2006 - 2010) and incidence rates were calculated. Prescription records were searched for pain treatments from diagnosis of these conditions and the duration and daily dose estimated for first-line and subsequent treatment regimens. Recording of neuropathic back and post-operative pain was investigated. RESULTS: The study included 5,920 patients with PHN, 5,340 with PDN, and 185 with PLP. The incidence per 10,000 person-years was 3.4 (95% CI 3.4, 3.5) for PHN; and 0.11 (95% CI 0.09, 0.12) for PLP. Validation of the PDN case definition suggested that was not sensitive. Incident PHN increased over the study period. The most common first-line treatments were amitriptyline or gabapentin in the PDN and PLP cohorts, and amitriptyline or co-codamol (codeine-paracetamol) in PHN. Paracetamol, co-dydramol (paracetamol-dihydrocodeine) and capsaicin were also often prescribed in one or more condition. Most first-line treatments comprised only one therapeutic class. Use of antiepileptics licensed for neuropathic pain treatment had increased since 2002-2005. Amitriptyline was the only antidepressant prescribed commonly as a first-line treatment. CONCLUSION: The UK incidence of diagnosed PHN has increased with the incidence of back-pain and post-operative pain unclear. While use of licensed antiepileptics increased, prescribing of therapy with little evidence of efficacy in neuropathic pain is still common and consequently treatment was often not in-line with current guidance.
@article{hall_observational_2013,
title = {An observational descriptive study of the epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain in a {UK} general population},
volume = {14},
issn = {1471-2296},
doi = {10.1186/1471-2296-14-28},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study updated our knowledge of UK primary care neuropathic pain incidence rates and prescribing practices.
METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) or phantom limb pain (PLP) were identified from the General Practice Research Database (2006 - 2010) and incidence rates were calculated. Prescription records were searched for pain treatments from diagnosis of these conditions and the duration and daily dose estimated for first-line and subsequent treatment regimens. Recording of neuropathic back and post-operative pain was investigated.
RESULTS: The study included 5,920 patients with PHN, 5,340 with PDN, and 185 with PLP. The incidence per 10,000 person-years was 3.4 (95\% CI 3.4, 3.5) for PHN; and 0.11 (95\% CI 0.09, 0.12) for PLP. Validation of the PDN case definition suggested that was not sensitive. Incident PHN increased over the study period. The most common first-line treatments were amitriptyline or gabapentin in the PDN and PLP cohorts, and amitriptyline or co-codamol (codeine-paracetamol) in PHN. Paracetamol, co-dydramol (paracetamol-dihydrocodeine) and capsaicin were also often prescribed in one or more condition. Most first-line treatments comprised only one therapeutic class. Use of antiepileptics licensed for neuropathic pain treatment had increased since 2002-2005. Amitriptyline was the only antidepressant prescribed commonly as a first-line treatment.
CONCLUSION: The UK incidence of diagnosed PHN has increased with the incidence of back-pain and post-operative pain unclear. While use of licensed antiepileptics increased, prescribing of therapy with little evidence of efficacy in neuropathic pain is still common and consequently treatment was often not in-line with current guidance.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC family practice},
author = {Hall, Gillian C. and Morant, Steve V. and Carroll, Dawn and Gabriel, Zahava L. and McQuay, Henry J.},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23442783},
pmcid = {PMC3599764},
keywords = {Acetaminophen, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amines, Amitriptyline, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Analgesics, Opioid, Anticonvulsants, Capsaicin, Child, Child, Preschool, Codeine, Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids, Diabetic Neuropathies, Drug Combinations, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Hydrocodone, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Neuralgia, Postherpetic, Phantom Limb, Physician's Practice Patterns, Primary Health Care, Sensory System Agents, Young Adult, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, incidence},
pages = {28}
}Ultrasound-guided neuronavigation improves safety of ventricular catheter insertion in preterm infants. Heussinger, N., Eyüpoglu, Y, I., Ganslandt, O., Finzel, S., Trollmann, R., & Jüngert, J. Brain \& development, 35(10):905--11, November, 2013.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a frequent cause of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. The management of IVH in preterm babies remains a challenge both for neonatologists and pediatric neurosurgeons, compounded by the lack of low-risk, validated therapy techniques. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel technique involving the ultrasound-guided placement of a central catheter connected with a Rickham-Capsule in a cohort of preterm, low-birth-weight babies with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). METHODS: Eight preterm infants with PHH in which a Rickham-Capsule was placed from 2008-2012 were included. Conventional surgical techniques were used in four preterm infants; whereas in the other four preterm babies ultrasound guided catheter placement was performed with an 8 MegaHertz (MHz) micro convex transducer from LOGIQ 9, GE Healthcare; whereby the anterior fontanel was used as an acoustic window. RESULTS: Overall gestational age was 24-31 weeks, mean age at operation was 20.1 (7-36) days, mean birth weight 972.5±370 g, mean weight at first surgical intervention 1023.75±400.4 g. Six patients had bilateral IVH II-III°, two patients had parenchymal involvement. Using the conventional approach, incorrect catheter placement occurred in one of four patients below 1000 g, whereas none of the ultrasound guided cases needed correction. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided neuronavigation represents a relevant tool in the treatment of hydrocephalus in preterm infants through increased accuracy in placement of a central catheter connected to a Rickham-Capsule. The benefit of utilizing this form of neuronavigation needs to be assessed through corresponding standardized studies.
@article{ heussinger_ultrasound-guided_2013,
title = {Ultrasound-guided neuronavigation improves safety of ventricular catheter insertion in preterm infants.},
volume = {35},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23265618},
doi = {10.1016/j.braindev.2012.11.008},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intra-ventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a frequent cause of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus. The management of IVH in preterm babies remains a challenge both for neonatologists and pediatric neurosurgeons, compounded by the lack of low-risk, validated therapy techniques.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel technique involving the ultrasound-guided placement of a central catheter connected with a Rickham-Capsule in a cohort of preterm, low-birth-weight babies with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH).
METHODS: Eight preterm infants with PHH in which a Rickham-Capsule was placed from 2008-2012 were included. Conventional surgical techniques were used in four preterm infants; whereas in the other four preterm babies ultrasound guided catheter placement was performed with an 8 MegaHertz (MHz) micro convex transducer from LOGIQ 9, GE Healthcare; whereby the anterior fontanel was used as an acoustic window.
RESULTS: Overall gestational age was 24-31 weeks, mean age at operation was 20.1 (7-36) days, mean birth weight 972.5±370 g, mean weight at first surgical intervention 1023.75±400.4 g. Six patients had bilateral IVH II-III°, two patients had parenchymal involvement. Using the conventional approach, incorrect catheter placement occurred in one of four patients below 1000 g, whereas none of the ultrasound guided cases needed correction.
CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided neuronavigation represents a relevant tool in the treatment of hydrocephalus in preterm infants through increased accuracy in placement of a central catheter connected to a Rickham-Capsule. The benefit of utilizing this form of neuronavigation needs to be assessed through corresponding standardized studies.},
number = {10},
journal = {Brain \& development},
author = {Heussinger, Nicole and Eyüpoglu, Ilker Y and Ganslandt, Oliver and Finzel, Stephanie and Trollmann, Regina and Jüngert, Jörg},
month = {November},
year = {2013},
keywords = {Catheterization, Catheterization: methods, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Hemorrhage: complications, Cerebral Ventricles, Cerebral Ventricles: surgery, Cerebral Ventricles: ultrasonography, Female, Humans, Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus: surgery, Hydrocephalus: ultrasonography, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Infant, Premature, Diseases: surgery, Infant, Premature, Diseases: ultrasonography, Male, Neuronavigation, Neuronavigation: methods, Retrospective Studies, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Ultrasonography, Interventional: methods, Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt},
pages = {905--11}
}Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in England: an observational study using the general practice research database. Tsang, C., Bottle, A., Majeed, A., & Aylin, P. BMC health services research, 13:308, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with cancer by the emergency route often have more advanced diseases and poorer outcomes. Rates of cancer diagnosed through unplanned admissions vary within and between countries, suggesting potential inconsistencies in the quality of care. To reduce diagnoses by this route and improve patient outcomes, high risk patient groups must be identified. This cross-sectional observational study determined the incidence of first-ever diagnoses of cancer by emergency (unplanned) admission and identified patient-level risk factors for these diagnoses in England. METHODS: Data for 74,763 randomly selected patients at 457 general practices between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), including integrated Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. The proportion of first-ever diagnoses by emergency admission out of all recorded first cancer diagnoses by any route was analysed by patient characteristics. RESULTS: Diagnosis by emergency admission was recorded in 13.9% of patients diagnosed with cancer for the first time (n = 817/5870). The incidence of first cases by the emergency route was 2.51 patients per 10,000 person years. In adjusted regression analyses, patients of older age (p \textless 0.0001), living in the most deprived areas (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.47; p \textless 0.0001) or who had a total Charlson score of 1 compared to 0 (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.69; p = 0.014) were most at risk of diagnosis by emergency admission. Patients with more prior (all-cause) emergency admissions were less at risk of subsequent diagnosis by the emergency route (RR 0.31 per prior emergency admission, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.46; p \textless 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A much lower incidence of first-ever cancer diagnoses by emergency admission was found compared with previous studies. Identified high risk groups may benefit from interventions to reduce delayed diagnosis. Further studies should include screening and cancer staging data to improve understanding of delayed or untimely diagnosis and patient care pathways.
@article{tsang_cancer_2013,
title = {Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in {England}: an observational study using the general practice research database},
volume = {13},
issn = {1472-6963},
shorttitle = {Cancer diagnosed by emergency admission in {England}},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-13-308},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with cancer by the emergency route often have more advanced diseases and poorer outcomes. Rates of cancer diagnosed through unplanned admissions vary within and between countries, suggesting potential inconsistencies in the quality of care. To reduce diagnoses by this route and improve patient outcomes, high risk patient groups must be identified. This cross-sectional observational study determined the incidence of first-ever diagnoses of cancer by emergency (unplanned) admission and identified patient-level risk factors for these diagnoses in England.
METHODS: Data for 74,763 randomly selected patients at 457 general practices between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), including integrated Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data and Office for National Statistics (ONS) mortality data. The proportion of first-ever diagnoses by emergency admission out of all recorded first cancer diagnoses by any route was analysed by patient characteristics.
RESULTS: Diagnosis by emergency admission was recorded in 13.9\% of patients diagnosed with cancer for the first time (n = 817/5870). The incidence of first cases by the emergency route was 2.51 patients per 10,000 person years. In adjusted regression analyses, patients of older age (p {\textless} 0.0001), living in the most deprived areas (RR 1.93, 95\% CI 1.51 to 2.47; p {\textless} 0.0001) or who had a total Charlson score of 1 compared to 0 (RR 1.34, 95\% CI 1.06 to 1.69; p = 0.014) were most at risk of diagnosis by emergency admission. Patients with more prior (all-cause) emergency admissions were less at risk of subsequent diagnosis by the emergency route (RR 0.31 per prior emergency admission, 95\% CI 0.20 to 0.46; p {\textless} 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: A much lower incidence of first-ever cancer diagnoses by emergency admission was found compared with previous studies. Identified high risk groups may benefit from interventions to reduce delayed diagnosis. Further studies should include screening and cancer staging data to improve understanding of delayed or untimely diagnosis and patient care pathways.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC health services research},
author = {Tsang, Carmen and Bottle, Alex and Majeed, Azeem and Aylin, Paul},
year = {2013},
pmid = {23941140},
pmcid = {PMC3751722},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Databases, Factual, Emergency Service, Hospital, England, Female, General Practice, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Patient Admission, Poisson Distribution, Qualitative Research, Risk Factors, Young Adult},
pages = {308}
}Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Schneider, C., Adamcova, M., Jick, S. S., Schlagenhauf, P., Miller, M. K., Rhein, H., & Meier, C. R. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 11(2):71--80, April, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Case reports and epidemiological studies have associated the use of mefloquine with neuropsychiatric adverse events. METHODS: We used the General Practice Research Database to conduct a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis. We assessed the risk of developing first-time anxiety, stress-related disorders/psychosis, depression, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies in patients using mefloquine, chloroquine and/or proguanil, or atovaquone/proguanil for malaria chemoprophylaxis, as compared to unexposed travelers. RESULTS: Compared to non-users of antimalarials, the adjusted odds ratio in the nested case-control analysis for users of mefloquine, chloroquine and/or proguanil, or atovaquone/proguanil were 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.90), 1.04 (95% CI 0.74-1.46), and 0.73 (95% CI 0.61-0.86) for anxiety or stress-related disorders combined, 0.54 (95% CI 0.41-0.71), 1.06 (95% CI 0.71-1.59), and 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.91) for depression, 0.69 (95% CI 0.35-1.36), 1.41 (95% CI 0.54-3.67), and 0.75 (95% CI 0.42-1.36) for epilepsy, and 1.22 (95% CI 0.50-2.99), 1.59 (95% CI 0.41-6.15), and 1.05 (95% CI 0.54-2.03) for neuropathies, respectively. The risk of all outcomes was higher in females than in males across all exposure categories. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of neuropsychiatric disorders was similar for users and for non-users of anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis, with evidence for elevated risks in some subgroups.
@article{schneider_antimalarial_2013,
title = {Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders},
volume = {11},
issn = {1873-0442},
doi = {10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.02.008},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Case reports and epidemiological studies have associated the use of mefloquine with neuropsychiatric adverse events.
METHODS: We used the General Practice Research Database to conduct a follow-up study with a nested case-control analysis. We assessed the risk of developing first-time anxiety, stress-related disorders/psychosis, depression, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies in patients using mefloquine, chloroquine and/or proguanil, or atovaquone/proguanil for malaria chemoprophylaxis, as compared to unexposed travelers.
RESULTS: Compared to non-users of antimalarials, the adjusted odds ratio in the nested case-control analysis for users of mefloquine, chloroquine and/or proguanil, or atovaquone/proguanil were 0.71 (95\% CI 0.56-0.90), 1.04 (95\% CI 0.74-1.46), and 0.73 (95\% CI 0.61-0.86) for anxiety or stress-related disorders combined, 0.54 (95\% CI 0.41-0.71), 1.06 (95\% CI 0.71-1.59), and 0.75 (95\% CI 0.62-0.91) for depression, 0.69 (95\% CI 0.35-1.36), 1.41 (95\% CI 0.54-3.67), and 0.75 (95\% CI 0.42-1.36) for epilepsy, and 1.22 (95\% CI 0.50-2.99), 1.59 (95\% CI 0.41-6.15), and 1.05 (95\% CI 0.54-2.03) for neuropathies, respectively. The risk of all outcomes was higher in females than in males across all exposure categories.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of neuropsychiatric disorders was similar for users and for non-users of anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis, with evidence for elevated risks in some subgroups.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease},
author = {Schneider, Cornelia and Adamcova, Miriam and Jick, Susan S. and Schlagenhauf, Patricia and Miller, Mary K. and Rhein, Hans-Georg and Meier, Christoph R.},
month = apr,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23541791},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antimalarials, Chemoprevention, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Malaria, Male, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Risk, Travel, incidence},
pages = {71--80}
}The validation and utility of a quantitative one-step multiplex RT real-time PCR targeting rotavirus A and norovirus. Dung, T. T. N., Phat, V. V., Nga, T. V. T., My, P. V. T., Duy, P. T., Campbell, J. I., Thuy, C. T., Hoang, N. V. M., Van Minh, P., Le Phuc, H., Tuyet, P. T. N., Vinh, H., Kien, D. T. H., Huy, H. L. A., Vinh, N. T., Nga, T. T. T., Hau, N. T. T., Chinh, N. T., Thuong, T. C., Tuan, H. M., Simmons, C., Farrar, J. J., & Baker, S. Journal of virological methods, 187(1):138–143, January, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Rotavirus (RoV) and Norovirus (NoV) are the main causes of viral gastroenteritis. Currently, there is no validated multiplex real-time PCR that can detect and quantify RoV and NoV simultaneously. The aim of the study was to develop, validate, and internally control a multiplex one-step RT real-time PCR to detect and quantify RoV and NoV in stool samples. PCR sensitivity was assessed by comparing amplification against the current gold standard, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), on stool samples from 94 individuals with diarrhea and 94 individuals without diarrhea. PCR detected 10% more RoV positive samples than EIA in stools samples from patients with diarrhea. PCR detected 23% more NoV genogroup II positive samples from individuals with diarrhea and 9% more from individuals without diarrhea than EIA, respectively. Genotyping of the PCR positive/EIA negative samples suggested the higher rate of PCR positivity, in comparison to EIA, was due to increased sensitivity, rather than nonspecific hybridization. Quantitation demonstrated that the viral loads of RoV and NoV in the stools of diarrheal patients were an order of magnitude greater than in individuals without diarrhea. This internally controlled real-time PCR method is robust, exhibits a high degree of reproducibility, and may have a greater utility and sensitivity than commercial EIA kits.
@article{dung_validation_2013,
title = {The validation and utility of a quantitative one-step multiplex {RT} real-time {PCR} targeting rotavirus {A} and norovirus.},
volume = {187},
copyright = {Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
issn = {1879-0984 0166-0934},
doi = {10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.09.021},
abstract = {Rotavirus (RoV) and Norovirus (NoV) are the main causes of viral gastroenteritis. Currently, there is no validated multiplex real-time PCR that can detect and quantify RoV and NoV simultaneously. The aim of the study was to develop, validate, and internally control a multiplex one-step RT real-time PCR to detect and quantify RoV and NoV in stool samples. PCR sensitivity was assessed by comparing amplification against the current gold standard, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), on stool samples from 94 individuals with diarrhea and 94 individuals without diarrhea. PCR detected 10\% more RoV positive samples than EIA in stools samples from patients with diarrhea. PCR detected 23\% more NoV genogroup II positive samples from individuals with diarrhea and 9\% more from individuals without diarrhea than EIA, respectively. Genotyping of the PCR positive/EIA negative samples suggested the higher rate of PCR positivity, in comparison to EIA, was due to increased sensitivity, rather than nonspecific hybridization. Quantitation demonstrated that the viral loads of RoV and NoV in the stools of diarrheal patients were an order of magnitude greater than in individuals without diarrhea. This internally controlled real-time PCR method is robust, exhibits a high degree of reproducibility, and may have a greater utility and sensitivity than commercial EIA kits.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Journal of virological methods},
author = {Dung, Tran Thi Ngoc and Phat, Voong Vinh and Nga, Tran Vu Thieu and My, Phan Vu Tra and Duy, Pham Thanh and Campbell, James I. and Thuy, Cao Thu and Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh and Van Minh, Pham and Le Phuc, Hoang and Tuyet, Pham Thi Ngoc and Vinh, Ha and Kien, Duong Thi Hue and Huy, Huynh Le Anh and Vinh, Nguyen Thanh and Nga, Tran Thi Thu and Hau, Nguyen Thi Thu and Chinh, Nguyen Tran and Thuong, Tang Chi and Tuan, Ha Manh and Simmons, Cameron and Farrar, Jeremy J. and Baker, Stephen},
month = jan,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23046990},
pmcid = {PMC3528950},
keywords = {*Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, *Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Caliciviridae Infections/*diagnosis/virology, Child, Preschool, Diarrhea/diagnosis/virology, Feces/virology, Gastroenteritis/diagnosis/genetics, Genotype, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Norovirus/genetics/*isolation \& purification, RNA, Viral/analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rotavirus Infections/*diagnosis/virology, Rotavirus/genetics/*isolation \& purification},
pages = {138--143},
}2012 (8)
A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the U.K. Spoendlin, J., Voegel, J. J., Jick, S. S., & Meier, C. R. The British Journal of Dermatology, 167(3):598--605, September, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09% to 22%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before. OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls. METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region. RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase. CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.
@article{spoendlin_study_2012,
title = {A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the {U}.{K}},
volume = {167},
issn = {1365-2133},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease of unclear origin. Epidemiological data are scarce and controversial, with reported prevalences ranging from 0·09\% to 22\%. To our knowledge, incidence rates have not been quantified before.
OBJECTIVES: In this observational study we quantified incidence rates of diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. and described demographic characteristics and the prevalence of ocular symptoms in patients with rosacea. We compared lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption between patients with rosacea and controls.
METHODS: Using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database, we identified patients with an incident diagnosis of rosacea between 1995 and 2009 and matched them (1:1) to rosacea-free control patients. We assessed person-time of all patients at risk and assessed incidence rates of rosacea, stratified by age, sex, year of diagnosis and region.
RESULTS: We identified 60,042 rosacea cases and 60,042 controls (61·5\% women). The overall incidence rate for diagnosed rosacea in the U.K. was 1·65 per 1000 person-years. Rosacea was diagnosed in some 80\% of cases after the age of 30 years. Ocular symptoms were recorded in 20·8\% of cases at the index date. We observed a significantly reduced relative risk of developing rosacea among current smokers (odds ratio 0·64, 95\% confidence interval 0·62-0·67). Alcohol consumption was associated with a marginal risk increase.
CONCLUSIONS: We quantified incidence rates and characteristics of patients with rosacea diagnosed in clinical practice in a large epidemiological study using primary care data from the U.K. Smoking was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing rosacea.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
author = {Spoendlin, J. and Voegel, J. J. and Jick, S. S. and Meier, C. R.},
month = sep,
year = {2012},
pmid = {22564022},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Rosacea, Smoking, Young Adult, incidence},
pages = {598--605}
}Proton therapy for spinal ependymomas: planning, acute toxicities, and preliminary outcomes. Amsbaugh, M., J., Grosshans, D., R., McAleer, M., F., Zhu, R., Wages, C., Crawford, C., N., Palmer, M., De Gracia, B., Woo, S., & Mahajan, A. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 83(5):1419-24, Elsevier Inc, 8, 2012.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex PURPOSE: To report acute toxicities and preliminary outcomes for pediatric patients with ependymomas of the spine treated with proton beam therapy at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight pediatric patients received proton beam irradiation between October 2006 and September 2010 for spinal ependymomas. Toxicity data were collected weekly during radiation therapy and all follow-up visits. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0.
RESULTS: All patients had surgical resection of the tumor before irradiation (7 subtotal resection and 1 gross total resection). Six patients had World Health Organization Grade I ependymomas, and two had World Health Organization Grade II ependymomas. Patients had up to 3 surgical interventions before radiation therapy (range, 1-3; median, 1). Three patients received proton therapy after recurrence and five as part of their primary management. The entire vertebral body was treated in all but 2 patients. The mean radiation dose was 51.1 cobalt gray equivalents (range, 45 to 54 cobalt gray equivalents). With a mean follow-up of 26 months from the radiation therapy start date (range, 7-51 months), local control, event-free survival, and overall survival rates were all 100%. The most common toxicities during treatment were Grade 1 or 2 erythema (75%) and Grade 1 fatigue (38%). No patients had a Grade 3 or higher adverse event. Proton therapy dramatically reduced dose to all normal tissues anterior to the vertebral bodies in comparison to photon therapy.
CONCLUSION: Preliminary outcomes show the expected control rates with favorable acute toxicity profiles. Proton beam therapy offers a powerful treatment option in the pediatric population, where adverse events related to radiation exposure are of concern. Extended follow-up will be required to assess for late recurrences and long-term adverse effects.
@article{
title = {Proton therapy for spinal ependymomas: planning, acute toxicities, and preliminary outcomes.},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Child,Child, Preschool,Disease-Free Survival,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Erythema,Erythema: etiology,Erythema: pathology,Fatigue,Fatigue: etiology,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Infant,Male,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: radiotherapy,Protons,Protons: adverse effects,Protons: therapeutic use,Radiation Injuries,Radiotherapy Dosage,Spinal Neoplasms,Spinal Neoplasms: pathology,Spinal Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Neoplasms: surgery,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome,Tumor Burden},
pages = {1419-24},
volume = {83},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22245209},
month = {8},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc},
day = {1},
id = {ba888ca5-70c7-39d5-946d-244183b6d8d3},
created = {2014-03-15T18:24:10.000Z},
accessed = {2014-03-04},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {8c4ca2d5-86de-3b5d-86be-8408415f34e0},
group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:51.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To report acute toxicities and preliminary outcomes for pediatric patients with ependymomas of the spine treated with proton beam therapy at the MD Anderson Cancer Center.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight pediatric patients received proton beam irradiation between October 2006 and September 2010 for spinal ependymomas. Toxicity data were collected weekly during radiation therapy and all follow-up visits. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0.
RESULTS: All patients had surgical resection of the tumor before irradiation (7 subtotal resection and 1 gross total resection). Six patients had World Health Organization Grade I ependymomas, and two had World Health Organization Grade II ependymomas. Patients had up to 3 surgical interventions before radiation therapy (range, 1-3; median, 1). Three patients received proton therapy after recurrence and five as part of their primary management. The entire vertebral body was treated in all but 2 patients. The mean radiation dose was 51.1 cobalt gray equivalents (range, 45 to 54 cobalt gray equivalents). With a mean follow-up of 26 months from the radiation therapy start date (range, 7-51 months), local control, event-free survival, and overall survival rates were all 100%. The most common toxicities during treatment were Grade 1 or 2 erythema (75%) and Grade 1 fatigue (38%). No patients had a Grade 3 or higher adverse event. Proton therapy dramatically reduced dose to all normal tissues anterior to the vertebral bodies in comparison to photon therapy.
CONCLUSION: Preliminary outcomes show the expected control rates with favorable acute toxicity profiles. Proton beam therapy offers a powerful treatment option in the pediatric population, where adverse events related to radiation exposure are of concern. Extended follow-up will be required to assess for late recurrences and long-term adverse effects.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Amsbaugh, Mark J and Grosshans, David R and McAleer, Mary Frances and Zhu, Ron and Wages, Cody and Crawford, Cody N and Palmer, Matthew and De Gracia, Beth and Woo, Shiao and Mahajan, Anita},
journal = {International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics},
number = {5}
}Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants requiring resuscitation in developing countries. Carlo W.A., Goudar S.S., Pasha O., Chomba E., McClure E.M., Biasini F.J., Wallander J.L., Thorsten V., Chakraborty H., & Wright L.L. 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resuscitation of infants who failed to develop effective breathing at birth increases survivors with neurodevelopmental impairment., STUDY DESIGN: Infants unresponsive to stimulation who received bag and mask ventilation at birth in a resuscitation trial and infants who did not require any resuscitation were randomized to early neurodevelopmental intervention or control groups. Infants were examined by trained neurodevelopmental evaluators masked to both their resuscitation history and intervention group. The 12-month neurodevelopmental outcome data for both resuscitated and non-resuscitated infants randomized to the control groups are reported., RESULTS: The study provided no evidence of a difference between the resuscitated infants (n = 86) and the non-resuscitated infants (n = 115) in the percentage of infants at 12 months with a Mental Developmental Index \textless85 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (primary outcome; 18% versus 12%; P = .22) and in other neurodevelopmental outcomes., CONCLUSIONS: Most infants who received resuscitation with bag and mask ventilation at birth have 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in the reference range. Longer follow-up is needed because of increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
@misc{carlo_w.a._neurodevelopmental_2012,
title = {Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants requiring resuscitation in developing countries},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resuscitation of infants who failed to develop effective breathing at birth increases survivors with neurodevelopmental impairment., STUDY DESIGN: Infants unresponsive to stimulation who received bag and mask ventilation at birth in a resuscitation trial and infants who did not require any resuscitation were randomized to early neurodevelopmental intervention or control groups. Infants were examined by trained neurodevelopmental evaluators masked to both their resuscitation history and intervention group. The 12-month neurodevelopmental outcome data for both resuscitated and non-resuscitated infants randomized to the control groups are reported., RESULTS: The study provided no evidence of a difference between the resuscitated infants (n = 86) and the non-resuscitated infants (n = 115) in the percentage of infants at 12 months with a Mental Developmental Index {\textless}85 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (primary outcome; 18\% versus 12\%; P = .22) and in other neurodevelopmental outcomes., CONCLUSIONS: Most infants who received resuscitation with bag and mask ventilation at birth have 12-month neurodevelopmental outcomes in the reference range. Longer follow-up is needed because of increased risk for neurodevelopmental impairments. Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
author = {{Carlo W.A.} and {Goudar S.S.} and {Pasha O.} and {Chomba E.} and {McClure E.M.} and {Biasini F.J.} and {Wallander J.L.} and {Thorsten V.} and {Chakraborty H.} and {Wright L.L.}},
year = {2012},
keywords = {*adverse effects, *procedures, Developmental Disabilities/di [Diagnosis], Developmental Disabilities/ep [Epidemiology], India, Learning Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Learning Disorders/ep [Epidemiology], Mental Disorders/di [Diagnosis], Mental Disorders/ep [Epidemiology], Pakistan, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/th [Therapy], Zambia, child development, clinical trial, comparative study, controlled study, developing country, female, human, incidence, infant, male, multicenter study, neuropsychological test, newborn, physiology, prematurity, randomized controlled trial, reference value, resuscitation, risk assessment, rural population, severity of illness index, survival analysis, very low birth weight}
}Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Naghavi, M., Lozano, R., Michaud, C., Ezzati, M., Shibuya, K., Salomon, J. A., Abdalla, S., Aboyans, V., Abraham, J., Ackerman, I., Aggarwal, R., Ahn, S. Y., Ali, M. K., Alvarado, M., Anderson, H. R., Anderson, L. M., Andrews, K. G., Atkinson, C., Baddour, L. M., Bahalim, A. N., Barker-Collo, S., Barrero, L. H., Bartels, D. H., Basáñez, M., Baxter, A., Bell, M. L., Benjamin, E. J., Bennett, D., Bernabé, E., Bhalla, K., Bhandari, B., Bikbov, B., Bin Abdulhak, A., Birbeck, G., Black, J. A., Blencowe, H., Blore, J. D., Blyth, F., Bolliger, I., Bonaventure, A., Boufous, S., Bourne, R., Boussinesq, M., Braithwaite, T., Brayne, C., Bridgett, L., Brooker, S., Brooks, P., Brugha, T. S., Bryan-Hancock, C., Bucello, C., Buchbinder, R., Buckle, G., Budke, C. M., Burch, M., Burney, P., Burstein, R., Calabria, B., Campbell, B., Canter, C. E., Carabin, H., Carapetis, J., Carmona, L., Cella, C., Charlson, F., Chen, H., Cheng, A. T., Chou, D., Chugh, S. S., Coffeng, L. E., Colan, S. D., Colquhoun, S., Colson, K. E., Condon, J., Connor, M. D., Cooper, L. T., Corriere, M., Cortinovis, M., de Vaccaro, K. C., Couser, W., Cowie, B. C., Criqui, M. H., Cross, M., Dabhadkar, K. C., Dahiya, M., Dahodwala, N., Damsere-Derry, J., Danaei, G., Davis, A., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Dellavalle, R., Delossantos, A., Denenberg, J., Derrett, S., Des Jarlais, D. C., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dherani, M., Diaz-Torne, C., Dolk, H., Dorsey, E. R., Driscoll, T., Duber, H., Ebel, B., Edmond, K., Elbaz, A., Ali, S. E., Erskine, H., Erwin, P. J., Espindola, P., Ewoigbokhan, S. E., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Felson, D. T., Ferrari, A., Ferri, C. P., Fèvre, E. M., Finucane, M. M., Flaxman, S., Flood, L., Foreman, K., Forouzanfar, M. H., Fowkes, F. G. R., Franklin, R., Fransen, M., Freeman, M. K., Gabbe, B. J., Gabriel, S. E., Gakidou, E., Ganatra, H. A., Garcia, B., Gaspari, F., Gillum, R. F., Gmel, G., Gosselin, R., Grainger, R., Groeger, J., Guillemin, F., Gunnell, D., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J., Hagan, H., Halasa, Y. A., Hall, W., Haring, D., Haro, J. M., Harrison, J. E., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R. J., Higashi, H., Hill, C., Hoen, B., Hoffman, H., Hotez, P. J., Hoy, D., Huang, J. J., Ibeanusi, S. E., Jacobsen, K. H., James, S. L., Jarvis, D., Jasrasaria, R., Jayaraman, S., Johns, N., Jonas, J. B., Karthikeyan, G., Kassebaum, N., Kawakami, N., Keren, A., Khoo, J., King, C. H., Knowlton, L. M., Kobusingye, O., Koranteng, A., Krishnamurthi, R., Lalloo, R., Laslett, L. L., Lathlean, T., Leasher, J. L., Lee, Y. Y., Leigh, J., Lim, S. S., Limb, E., Lin, J. K., Lipnick, M., Lipshultz, S. E., Liu, W., Loane, M., Ohno, S. L., Lyons, R., Ma, J., Mabweijano, J., MacIntyre, M. F., Malekzadeh, R., Mallinger, L., Manivannan, S., Marcenes, W., March, L., Margolis, D. J., Marks, G. B., Marks, R., Matsumori, A., Matzopoulos, R., Mayosi, B. M., McAnulty, J. H., McDermott, M. M., McGill, N., McGrath, J., Medina-Mora, M. E., Meltzer, M., Mensah, G. A., Merriman, T. R., Meyer, A., Miglioli, V., Miller, M., Miller, T. R., Mitchell, P. B., Mocumbi, A. O., Moffitt, T. E., Mokdad, A. A., Monasta, L., Montico, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moran, A., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Murdoch, M. E., Mwaniki, M. K., Naidoo, K., Nair, M. N., Naldi, L., Narayan, K. M. V., Nelson, P. K., Nelson, R. G., Nevitt, M. C., Newton, C. R., Nolte, S., Norman, P., Norman, R., O'Donnell, M., O'Hanlon, S., Olives, C., Omer, S. B., Ortblad, K., Osborne, R., Ozgediz, D., Page, A., Pahari, B., Pandian, J. D., Rivero, A. P., Patten, S. B., Pearce, N., Padilla, R. P., Perez-Ruiz, F., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Phillips, D., Phillips, M. R., Pierce, K., Pion, S., Polanczyk, G. V., Polinder, S., Pope, C. A., Popova, S., Porrini, E., Pourmalek, F., Prince, M., Pullan, R. L., Ramaiah, K. D., Ranganathan, D., Razavi, H., Regan, M., Rehm, J. T., Rein, D. B., Remuzzi, G., Richardson, K., Rivara, F. P., Roberts, T., Robinson, C., De Leòn, F. R., Ronfani, L., Room, R., Rosenfeld, L. C., Rushton, L., Sacco, R. L., Saha, S., Sampson, U., Sanchez-Riera, L., Sanman, E., Schwebel, D. C., Scott, J. G., Segui-Gomez, M., Shahraz, S., Shepard, D. S., Shin, H., Shivakoti, R., Singh, D., Singh, G. M., Singh, J. A., Singleton, J., Sleet, D. A., Sliwa, K., Smith, E., Smith, J. L., Stapelberg, N. J. C., Steer, A., Steiner, T., Stolk, W. A., Stovner, L. J., Sudfeld, C., Syed, S., Tamburlini, G., Tavakkoli, M., Taylor, H. R., Taylor, J. A., Taylor, W. J., Thomas, B., Thomson, W. M., Thurston, G. D., Tleyjeh, I. M., Tonelli, M., Towbin, J. A., Truelsen, T., Tsilimbaris, M. K., Ubeda, C., Undurraga, E. A., van der Werf, M. J., van Os, J., Vavilala, M. S., Venketasubramanian, N., Wang, M., Wang, W., Watt, K., Weatherall, D. J., Weinstock, M. A., Weintraub, R., Weisskopf, M. G., Weissman, M. M., White, R. A., Whiteford, H., Wiersma, S. T., Wilkinson, J. D., Williams, H. C., Williams, S. R. M., Witt, E., Wolfe, F., Woolf, A. D., Wulf, S., Yeh, P., Zaidi, A. K. M., Zheng, Z., Zonies, D., Lopez, A. D., Murray, C. J. L., AlMazroa, M. A., & Memish, Z. A. Lancet (London, England), 380(9859):2163–2196, December, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs). METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis. FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
@article{vos_years_2012,
title = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: {A} systematic analysis for the {Global} {Burden} of {Disease} {Study} 2010.},
volume = {380},
issn = {1474-547X},
shorttitle = {Years lived with disability ({YLDs}) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-fatal health outcomes from diseases and injuries are a crucial consideration in the promotion and monitoring of individual and population health. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies done in 1990 and 2000 have been the only studies to quantify non-fatal health outcomes across an exhaustive set of disorders at the global and regional level. Neither effort quantified uncertainty in prevalence or years lived with disability (YLDs).
METHODS: Of the 291 diseases and injuries in the GBD cause list, 289 cause disability. For 1160 sequelae of the 289 diseases and injuries, we undertook a systematic analysis of prevalence, incidence, remission, duration, and excess mortality. Sources included published studies, case notification, population-based cancer registries, other disease registries, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, hospital discharge data, ambulatory care data, household surveys, other surveys, and cohort studies. For most sequelae, we used a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR, designed to address key limitations in descriptive epidemiological data, including missing data, inconsistency, and large methodological variation between data sources. For some disorders, we used natural history models, geospatial models, back-calculation models (models calculating incidence from population mortality rates and case fatality), or registration completeness models (models adjusting for incomplete registration with health-system access and other covariates). Disability weights for 220 unique health states were used to capture the severity of health loss. YLDs by cause at age, sex, country, and year levels were adjusted for comorbidity with simulation methods. We included uncertainty estimates at all stages of the analysis.
FINDINGS: Global prevalence for all ages combined in 2010 across the 1160 sequelae ranged from fewer than one case per 1 million people to 350,000 cases per 1 million people. Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated (correlation coefficient -0·37). In 2010, there were 777 million YLDs from all causes, up from 583 million in 1990. The main contributors to global YLDs were mental and behavioural disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and diabetes or endocrine diseases. The leading specific causes of YLDs were much the same in 2010 as they were in 1990: low back pain, major depressive disorder, iron-deficiency anaemia, neck pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety disorders, migraine, diabetes, and falls. Age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010. Regional patterns of the leading causes of YLDs were more similar compared with years of life lost due to premature mortality. Neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and anaemia were important causes of YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa.
INTERPRETATION: Rates of YLDs per 100,000 people have remained largely constant over time but rise steadily with age. Population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades. Prevalences of the most common causes of YLDs, such as mental and behavioural disorders and musculoskeletal disorders, have not decreased. Health systems will need to address the needs of the rising numbers of individuals with a range of disorders that largely cause disability but not mortality. Quantification of the burden of non-fatal health outcomes will be crucial to understand how well health systems are responding to these challenges. Effective and affordable strategies to deal with this rising burden are an urgent priority for health systems in most parts of the world.
FUNDING: Bill \& Melinda Gates Foundation.},
language = {ENG},
number = {9859},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
author = {Vos, Theo and Flaxman, Abraham D. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Lozano, Rafael and Michaud, Catherine and Ezzati, Majid and Shibuya, Kenji and Salomon, Joshua A. and Abdalla, Safa and Aboyans, Victor and Abraham, Jerry and Ackerman, Ilana and Aggarwal, Rakesh and Ahn, Stephanie Y. and Ali, Mohammed K. and Alvarado, Miriam and Anderson, H. Ross and Anderson, Laurie M. and Andrews, Kathryn G. and Atkinson, Charles and Baddour, Larry M. and Bahalim, Adil N. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Barrero, Lope H. and Bartels, David H. and Basáñez, Maria-Gloria and Baxter, Amanda and Bell, Michelle L. and Benjamin, Emelia J. and Bennett, Derrick and Bernabé, Eduardo and Bhalla, Kavi and Bhandari, Bishal and Bikbov, Boris and Bin Abdulhak, Aref and Birbeck, Gretchen and Black, James A. and Blencowe, Hannah and Blore, Jed D. and Blyth, Fiona and Bolliger, Ian and Bonaventure, Audrey and Boufous, Soufiane and Bourne, Rupert and Boussinesq, Michel and Braithwaite, Tasanee and Brayne, Carol and Bridgett, Lisa and Brooker, Simon and Brooks, Peter and Brugha, Traolach S. and Bryan-Hancock, Claire and Bucello, Chiara and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Buckle, Geoffrey and Budke, Christine M. and Burch, Michael and Burney, Peter and Burstein, Roy and Calabria, Bianca and Campbell, Benjamin and Canter, Charles E. and Carabin, Hélène and Carapetis, Jonathan and Carmona, Loreto and Cella, Claudia and Charlson, Fiona and Chen, Honglei and Cheng, Andrew Tai-Ann and Chou, David and Chugh, Sumeet S. and Coffeng, Luc E. and Colan, Steven D. and Colquhoun, Samantha and Colson, K. Ellicott and Condon, John and Connor, Myles D. and Cooper, Leslie T. and Corriere, Matthew and Cortinovis, Monica and de Vaccaro, Karen Courville and Couser, William and Cowie, Benjamin C. and Criqui, Michael H. and Cross, Marita and Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C. and Dahiya, Manu and Dahodwala, Nabila and Damsere-Derry, James and Danaei, Goodarz and Davis, Adrian and De Leo, Diego and Degenhardt, Louisa and Dellavalle, Robert and Delossantos, Allyne and Denenberg, Julie and Derrett, Sarah and Des Jarlais, Don C. and Dharmaratne, Samath D. and Dherani, Mukesh and Diaz-Torne, Cesar and Dolk, Helen and Dorsey, E. Ray and Driscoll, Tim and Duber, Herbert and Ebel, Beth and Edmond, Karen and Elbaz, Alexis and Ali, Suad Eltahir and Erskine, Holly and Erwin, Patricia J. and Espindola, Patricia and Ewoigbokhan, Stalin E. and Farzadfar, Farshad and Feigin, Valery and Felson, David T. and Ferrari, Alize and Ferri, Cleusa P. and Fèvre, Eric M. and Finucane, Mariel M. and Flaxman, Seth and Flood, Louise and Foreman, Kyle and Forouzanfar, Mohammad H. and Fowkes, Francis Gerry R. and Franklin, Richard and Fransen, Marlene and Freeman, Michael K. and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gabriel, Sherine E. and Gakidou, Emmanuela and Ganatra, Hammad A. and Garcia, Bianca and Gaspari, Flavio and Gillum, Richard F. and Gmel, Gerhard and Gosselin, Richard and Grainger, Rebecca and Groeger, Justina and Guillemin, Francis and Gunnell, David and Gupta, Ramyani and Haagsma, Juanita and Hagan, Holly and Halasa, Yara A. and Hall, Wayne and Haring, Diana and Haro, Josep Maria and Harrison, James E. and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hay, Roderick J. and Higashi, Hideki and Hill, Catherine and Hoen, Bruno and Hoffman, Howard and Hotez, Peter J. and Hoy, Damian and Huang, John J. and Ibeanusi, Sydney E. and Jacobsen, Kathryn H. and James, Spencer L. and Jarvis, Deborah and Jasrasaria, Rashmi and Jayaraman, Sudha and Johns, Nicole and Jonas, Jost B. and Karthikeyan, Ganesan and Kassebaum, Nicholas and Kawakami, Norito and Keren, Andre and Khoo, Jon-Paul and King, Charles H. and Knowlton, Lisa Marie and Kobusingye, Olive and Koranteng, Adofo and Krishnamurthi, Rita and Lalloo, Ratilal and Laslett, Laura L. and Lathlean, Tim and Leasher, Janet L. and Lee, Yong Yi and Leigh, James and Lim, Stephen S. and Limb, Elizabeth and Lin, John Kent and Lipnick, Michael and Lipshultz, Steven E. and Liu, Wei and Loane, Maria and Ohno, Summer Lockett and Lyons, Ronan and Ma, Jixiang and Mabweijano, Jacqueline and MacIntyre, Michael F. and Malekzadeh, Reza and Mallinger, Leslie and Manivannan, Sivabalan and Marcenes, Wagner and March, Lyn and Margolis, David J. and Marks, Guy B. and Marks, Robin and Matsumori, Akira and Matzopoulos, Richard and Mayosi, Bongani M. and McAnulty, John H. and McDermott, Mary M. and McGill, Neil and McGrath, John and Medina-Mora, Maria Elena and Meltzer, Michele and Mensah, George A. and Merriman, Tony R. and Meyer, Ana-Claire and Miglioli, Valeria and Miller, Matthew and Miller, Ted R. and Mitchell, Philip B. and Mocumbi, Ana Olga and Moffitt, Terrie E. and Mokdad, Ali A. and Monasta, Lorenzo and Montico, Marcella and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moran, Andrew and Morawska, Lidia and Mori, Rintaro and Murdoch, Michele E. and Mwaniki, Michael K. and Naidoo, Kovin and Nair, M. Nathan and Naldi, Luigi and Narayan, K. M. Venkat and Nelson, Paul K. and Nelson, Robert G. and Nevitt, Michael C. and Newton, Charles R. and Nolte, Sandra and Norman, Paul and Norman, Rosana and O'Donnell, Martin and O'Hanlon, Simon and Olives, Casey and Omer, Saad B. and Ortblad, Katrina and Osborne, Richard and Ozgediz, Doruk and Page, Andrew and Pahari, Bishnu and Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai and Rivero, Andrea Panozo and Patten, Scott B. and Pearce, Neil and Padilla, Rogelio Perez and Perez-Ruiz, Fernando and Perico, Norberto and Pesudovs, Konrad and Phillips, David and Phillips, Michael R. and Pierce, Kelsey and Pion, Sébastien and Polanczyk, Guilherme V. and Polinder, Suzanne and Pope, C. Arden and Popova, Svetlana and Porrini, Esteban and Pourmalek, Farshad and Prince, Martin and Pullan, Rachel L. and Ramaiah, Kapa D. and Ranganathan, Dharani and Razavi, Homie and Regan, Mathilda and Rehm, Jürgen T. and Rein, David B. and Remuzzi, Guiseppe and Richardson, Kathryn and Rivara, Frederick P. and Roberts, Thomas and Robinson, Carolyn and De Leòn, Felipe Rodriguez and Ronfani, Luca and Room, Robin and Rosenfeld, Lisa C. and Rushton, Lesley and Sacco, Ralph L. and Saha, Sukanta and Sampson, Uchechukwu and Sanchez-Riera, Lidia and Sanman, Ella and Schwebel, David C. and Scott, James Graham and Segui-Gomez, Maria and Shahraz, Saeid and Shepard, Donald S. and Shin, Hwashin and Shivakoti, Rupak and Singh, David and Singh, Gitanjali M. and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Singleton, Jessica and Sleet, David A. and Sliwa, Karen and Smith, Emma and Smith, Jennifer L. and Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C. and Steer, Andrew and Steiner, Timothy and Stolk, Wilma A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Sudfeld, Christopher and Syed, Sana and Tamburlini, Giorgio and Tavakkoli, Mohammad and Taylor, Hugh R. and Taylor, Jennifer A. and Taylor, William J. and Thomas, Bernadette and Thomson, W. Murray and Thurston, George D. and Tleyjeh, Imad M. and Tonelli, Marcello and Towbin, Jeffrey A. and Truelsen, Thomas and Tsilimbaris, Miltiadis K. and Ubeda, Clotilde and Undurraga, Eduardo A. and van der Werf, Marieke J. and van Os, Jim and Vavilala, Monica S. and Venketasubramanian, N. and Wang, Mengru and Wang, Wenzhi and Watt, Kerrianne and Weatherall, David J. and Weinstock, Martin A. and Weintraub, Robert and Weisskopf, Marc G. and Weissman, Myrna M. and White, Richard A. and Whiteford, Harvey and Wiersma, Steven T. and Wilkinson, James D. and Williams, Hywel C. and Williams, Sean R. M. and Witt, Emma and Wolfe, Frederick and Woolf, Anthony D. and Wulf, Sarah and Yeh, Pon-Hsiu and Zaidi, Anita K. M. and Zheng, Zhi-Jie and Zonies, David and Lopez, Alan D. and Murray, Christopher J. L. and AlMazroa, Mohammad A. and Memish, Ziad A.},
month = dec,
year = {2012},
pmid = {23245607},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Health, Health Status, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Sex Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult},
pages = {2163--2196},
}Health service use in families where children enter public care: a nested case control study using the General Practice Research Database. Simkiss, D. E., Spencer, N. J., Stallard, N., & Thorogood, M. BMC health services research, 12:65, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: At least 3% of children spend some of their childhood in public care and, as a group, have poor outcomes across a range of education, employment, health and social care outcomes. Research, using social care or government datasets, has identified a number of risk factors associated with children entering public care but the utility of risk factors in clinical practice is not established. This paper uses routine primary health care data to see if risk factors for children entering public care can be identified in clinical practice. METHODS: A nested case control methodology using routine primary care data from the United Kingdom. Health service use data were extracted for the 12 months before the case child entered public care and compared with 12 months of data for four control mother child pairs per case pair, matched on the age and sex of the child and the general practice. Exposures of interest were developed from a systematic review of the literature on risk factors associated with children entering public care. RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the combined effect of more than one exposure of interest. Maternal mental illness (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.55-4.05), maternal age at birth of the child, socio-economic status (5(th) quintile vs. 1(st) quintile OR 7.14, 95% CI 2.92-17.4), maternal drug use (OR 28.8, 95% CI 2.29-363), non attendance at appointments (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.42-4.14), child mental illness (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.42-4.96) and child admission to hospital (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.21-9.02) were all significantly associated with children entering public care. Maternal use of primary care contraception services was negatively associated with children entering public care (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health service use can be identified from routine primary care data in mother child pairs where children enter public care after controlling for maternal age and socio-economic status. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in a cumulative risk model using longitudinal datasets.
@article{simkiss_health_2012,
title = {Health service use in families where children enter public care: a nested case control study using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {12},
issn = {1472-6963},
shorttitle = {Health service use in families where children enter public care},
doi = {10.1186/1472-6963-12-65},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: At least 3\% of children spend some of their childhood in public care and, as a group, have poor outcomes across a range of education, employment, health and social care outcomes. Research, using social care or government datasets, has identified a number of risk factors associated with children entering public care but the utility of risk factors in clinical practice is not established. This paper uses routine primary health care data to see if risk factors for children entering public care can be identified in clinical practice.
METHODS: A nested case control methodology using routine primary care data from the United Kingdom. Health service use data were extracted for the 12 months before the case child entered public care and compared with 12 months of data for four control mother child pairs per case pair, matched on the age and sex of the child and the general practice. Exposures of interest were developed from a systematic review of the literature on risk factors associated with children entering public care.
RESULTS: Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the combined effect of more than one exposure of interest. Maternal mental illness (OR 2.51, 95\% CI 1.55-4.05), maternal age at birth of the child, socio-economic status (5(th) quintile vs. 1(st) quintile OR 7.14, 95\% CI 2.92-17.4), maternal drug use (OR 28.8, 95\% CI 2.29-363), non attendance at appointments (OR 2.42, 95\% CI 1.42-4.14), child mental illness (OR 2.65, 95\% CI 1.42-4.96) and child admission to hospital (OR 3.31, 95\% CI 1.21-9.02) were all significantly associated with children entering public care. Maternal use of primary care contraception services was negatively associated with children entering public care (OR 0.52, 95\% CI 0.31-0.87).
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in health service use can be identified from routine primary care data in mother child pairs where children enter public care after controlling for maternal age and socio-economic status. The interaction between different risk factors needs testing in a cumulative risk model using longitudinal datasets.},
language = {eng},
journal = {BMC health services research},
author = {Simkiss, Douglas E. and Spencer, Nicholas J. and Stallard, Nigel and Thorogood, Margaret},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22424404},
pmcid = {PMC3361673},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Family Health, Female, General Practice, Great Britain, Health Services Research, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Logistic Models, Male, Maternal Age, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Mothers, Primary Health Care, Public Sector, Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Social Class, Young Adult},
pages = {65}
}Spinal cord ependymomas in children and adolescents. Benesch, M., Frappaz, D., & Massimino, M. Child's nervous system, 28(12):2017-28, 12, 2012.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Spinal cord ependymomas are very rare among children and adolescents. Due to their rarity, our current knowledge of these tumors is based on case reports and few retrospective case series. METHODS: The present review summarizes the currently available literature on childhood spinal cord ependymomas. RESULTS: Although overall survival rates are favorable, relapse incidence is high, particularly in myxopapillary ependymomas. Since long-term follow-up data are provided in a limited number of studies only, the true relapse incidence is unknown. Maximal safe radical surgery is the backbone of treatment for children with spinal cord ependymomas, but the impact of adjuvant treatment on progression and survival is still unclear. Presently, the decision to initiate non-surgical treatment depends primarily on the WHO grade of the tumor and the extent of resection. In terms of the known side effects, early radiotherapy should be avoided in children with WHO grade II spinal cord ependymomas irrespective of the extent of resection but is indicated in anaplastic spinal cord ependymomas both after complete and incomplete resection. The high relapse incidence in myxopapillary ependymomas argue for the use of early radiotherapy, but its definitive impact on progression has to be proven in larger series. Close surveillance is important due to the high recurrence rate in all patients with spinal cord ependymomas. CONCLUSION: Prospective collection of both clinical and molecular data from a greater number of patients with spinal cord ependymomas within an international collaboration is the prerequisite to establish standardized management guidelines for these rare CNS tumors.
@article{
title = {Spinal cord ependymomas in children and adolescents.},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adjuvant,Adolescent,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: genetics,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Chemoradiotherapy,Child,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: complications,Ependymoma: genetics,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Humans,Infant,Neoplasm Staging,Neurofibromatosis 2,Neurofibromatosis 2: complications,Neurofibromatosis 2: therapy,Neurosurgical Procedures,Newborn,Preschool,Prognosis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: complications,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: genetics,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: pathology,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: therapy},
pages = {2017-28},
volume = {28},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22961356},
month = {12},
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abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spinal cord ependymomas are very rare among children and adolescents. Due to their rarity, our current knowledge of these tumors is based on case reports and few retrospective case series. METHODS: The present review summarizes the currently available literature on childhood spinal cord ependymomas. RESULTS: Although overall survival rates are favorable, relapse incidence is high, particularly in myxopapillary ependymomas. Since long-term follow-up data are provided in a limited number of studies only, the true relapse incidence is unknown. Maximal safe radical surgery is the backbone of treatment for children with spinal cord ependymomas, but the impact of adjuvant treatment on progression and survival is still unclear. Presently, the decision to initiate non-surgical treatment depends primarily on the WHO grade of the tumor and the extent of resection. In terms of the known side effects, early radiotherapy should be avoided in children with WHO grade II spinal cord ependymomas irrespective of the extent of resection but is indicated in anaplastic spinal cord ependymomas both after complete and incomplete resection. The high relapse incidence in myxopapillary ependymomas argue for the use of early radiotherapy, but its definitive impact on progression has to be proven in larger series. Close surveillance is important due to the high recurrence rate in all patients with spinal cord ependymomas. CONCLUSION: Prospective collection of both clinical and molecular data from a greater number of patients with spinal cord ependymomas within an international collaboration is the prerequisite to establish standardized management guidelines for these rare CNS tumors.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Benesch, Martin and Frappaz, Didier and Massimino, Maura},
journal = {Child's nervous system},
number = {12}
}Semi-recumbent body position fails to prevent healthcare-associated pneumonia in Vietnamese patients with severe tetanus. Loan H.T., Parry J., Nga N.T., Yen L.M., Binh N.T., Thuy T.T., Duong N.M., Campbell J.I., Thwaites L., Farrar J.J., & Parry C.M. 2012.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a common complication in patients with severe tetanus. Nursing tetanus patients in a semi-recumbent body position could reduce the incidence of HCAP. In a randomised controlled trial we compared the occurrence of HCAP in patients with severe tetanus nursed in a semi-recumbent (30degree) or supine position. A total of 229 adults and children (aged \textgreater1 year) with severe tetanus admitted to hospital in Vietnam, were randomly assigned to a supine (n=112) or semi-recumbent (n=117) position. For patients maintaining their assigned positions and in hospital for\textgreater48h there was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of clinically suspected pneumonia [22/106 (20.8%) vs 26/104 (25.0%); p=0.464], pneumonia rate/1000 intensive care unit days (13.9 vs 14.6; p=0.48) and pneumonia rate/1000 ventilated days (39.2 vs 38.1; p=0.72). Mortality in the supine patients was 11/112 (9.8%) compared with 17/117 (14.5%) in the semi-recumbent patients (p=0.277). The overall complication rate [57/112 (50.9%) vs 76/117 (65.0%); p=0.03] and need for tracheostomy [51/112 (45.5%) vs 69/117 (58.9%); p=0.04) was greater in semi-recumbent patients. Semi-recumbent body positioning did not prevent the occurrence of HCAP in severe tetanus patients. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
@misc{loan_h.t._semi-recumbent_2012,
title = {Semi-recumbent body position fails to prevent healthcare-associated pneumonia in {Vietnamese} patients with severe tetanus},
abstract = {Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) is a common complication in patients with severe tetanus. Nursing tetanus patients in a semi-recumbent body position could reduce the incidence of HCAP. In a randomised controlled trial we compared the occurrence of HCAP in patients with severe tetanus nursed in a semi-recumbent (30degree) or supine position. A total of 229 adults and children (aged {\textgreater}1 year) with severe tetanus admitted to hospital in Vietnam, were randomly assigned to a supine (n=112) or semi-recumbent (n=117) position. For patients maintaining their assigned positions and in hospital for{\textgreater}48h there was no significant difference between the two groups in the frequency of clinically suspected pneumonia [22/106 (20.8\%) vs 26/104 (25.0\%); p=0.464], pneumonia rate/1000 intensive care unit days (13.9 vs 14.6; p=0.48) and pneumonia rate/1000 ventilated days (39.2 vs 38.1; p=0.72). Mortality in the supine patients was 11/112 (9.8\%) compared with 17/117 (14.5\%) in the semi-recumbent patients (p=0.277). The overall complication rate [57/112 (50.9\%) vs 76/117 (65.0\%); p=0.03] and need for tracheostomy [51/112 (45.5\%) vs 69/117 (58.9\%); p=0.04) was greater in semi-recumbent patients. Semi-recumbent body positioning did not prevent the occurrence of HCAP in severe tetanus patients. Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
journal = {Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},
author = {{Loan H.T.} and {Parry J.} and {Nga N.T.} and {Yen L.M.} and {Binh N.T.} and {Thuy T.T.} and {Duong N.M.} and {Campbell J.I.} and {Thwaites L.} and {Farrar J.J.} and {Parry C.M.}},
year = {2012},
keywords = {*patient positioning, Child, Viet Nam, adolescent, adult, aged, artificial ventilation, comparative study, complication, controlled study, cross infection/ep [Epidemiology], cross infection/pc [Prevention], female, human, incidence, infant, intensive care unit, male, microbiology, middle aged, pneumonia/ep [Epidemiology], pneumonia/et [Etiology], pneumonia/pc [Prevention], preschool child, randomized controlled trial, tetanus, tracheostomy, treatment failure, young adult}
}Economic value of influenza vaccination. de Waure, C., Veneziano, Assunta, M., Cadeddu, C., Capizzi, S., Specchia, Lucia, M., Capri, S., & Ricciardi, W. Human Vaccines \& Immunotherapeutics, 8(1):119--129, January, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Influenza epidemics are responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates in particular among elderly and high risk groups. This review is aimed at assessing the economic value of vaccination in these groups. A search of full economic evaluations of influenza vaccination in comparison with no interventions was performed on PubMed from January 1990 to May 2011. Only economic evaluations dealing with elderly and high risk groups were considered. The quality of selected articles was assessed through Drummond's checklist. Sixteen cost-effectiveness analyses and four cost-benefit analyses were included: overall, the quality of studies was fairly good. The vaccination was demonstrated to be cost-effective or cost-saving in almost all studies, independently by the perspective and the type of analysis. Influenza vaccination is a worthwhile intervention from the pharmacoeconomic view-point, anyway a standardization of methods should be desirable in order to guarantee the comparability and transferability of results.
@article{ de_waure_economic_2012,
title = {Economic value of influenza vaccination},
volume = {8},
issn = {2164-554X},
doi = {10.4161/hv.8.1.18420},
abstract = {Influenza epidemics are responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates in particular among elderly and high risk groups. This review is aimed at assessing the economic value of vaccination in these groups. A search of full economic evaluations of influenza vaccination in comparison with no interventions was performed on PubMed from January 1990 to May 2011. Only economic evaluations dealing with elderly and high risk groups were considered. The quality of selected articles was assessed through Drummond's checklist. Sixteen cost-effectiveness analyses and four cost-benefit analyses were included: overall, the quality of studies was fairly good. The vaccination was demonstrated to be cost-effective or cost-saving in almost all studies, independently by the perspective and the type of analysis. Influenza vaccination is a worthwhile intervention from the pharmacoeconomic view-point, anyway a standardization of methods should be desirable in order to guarantee the comparability and transferability of results.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {Human Vaccines \& Immunotherapeutics},
author = {de Waure, Chiara and Veneziano, Maria Assunta and Cadeddu, Chiara and Capizzi, Silvio and Specchia, Maria Lucia and Capri, Stefano and Ricciardi, Walter},
month = {January},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22251999},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Europe, Female, Humans, Infant, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Risk, Vaccination, Young Adult},
pages = {119--129}
}2011 (7)
The London low emission zone baseline study. Kelly, F., Armstrong, B., Atkinson, R., Anderson, H. R., Barratt, B., Beevers, S., Cook, D., Green, D., Derwent, D., Mudway, I., Wilkinson, P., & HEI Health Review Committee Research Report (Health Effects Institute), November, 2011.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter \textless or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter \textless or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5% to 10% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.
@article{kelly_london_2011,
title = {The {London} low emission zone baseline study},
issn = {1041-5505},
abstract = {On February 4, 2008, the world's largest low emission zone (LEZ) was established. At 2644 km2, the zone encompasses most of Greater London. It restricts the entry of the oldest and most polluting diesel vehicles, including heavy-goods vehicles (haulage trucks), buses and coaches, larger vans, and minibuses. It does not apply to cars or motorcycles. The LEZ scheme will introduce increasingly stringent Euro emissions standards over time. The creation of this zone presented a unique opportunity to estimate the effects of a stepwise reduction in vehicle emissions on air quality and health. Before undertaking such an investigation, robust baseline data were gathered on air quality and the oxidative activity and metal content of particulate matter (PM) from air pollution monitors located in Greater London. In addition, methods were developed for using databases of electronic primary-care records in order to evaluate the zone's health effects. Our study began in 2007, using information about the planned restrictions in an agreed-upon LEZ scenario and year-on-year changes in the vehicle fleet in models to predict air pollution concentrations in London for the years 2005, 2008, and 2010. Based on this detailed emissions and air pollution modeling, the areas in London were then identified that were expected to show the greatest changes in air pollution concentrations and population exposures after the implementation of the LEZ. Using these predictions, the best placement of a pollution monitoring network was determined and the feasibility of evaluating the health effects using electronic primary-care records was assessed. To measure baseline pollutant concentrations before the implementation of the LEZ, a comprehensive monitoring network was established close to major roadways and intersections. Output-difference plots from statistical modeling for 2010 indicated seven key areas likely to experience the greatest change in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (at least 3 microg/m3) and of PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 10 microm (PM10) (at least 0.75 microg/m3) as a result of the LEZ; these suggested that the clearest signals of change were most likely to be measured near roadsides. The seven key areas were also likely to be of importance in carrying out a study to assess the health outcomes of an air quality intervention like the LEZ. Of the seven key areas, two already had monitoring sites with a full complement of equipment, four had monitoring sites that required upgrades of existing equipment, and one required a completely new installation. With the upgrades and new installations in place, fully ratified (verified) pollutant data (for PM10, PM with an aerodynamic diameter {\textless} or = 2.5 microm [PM2.5], nitrogen oxides [NOx], and ozone [O3] at all sites as well as for particle number, black smoke [BS], carbon monoxide [CO], and sulfur dioxide [SO2] at selected sites) were then collected for analysis. In addition, the seven key monitoring sites were supported by other sites in the London Air Quality Network (LAQN). From these, a robust set of baseline air quality data was produced. Data from automatic and manual traffic counters as well as automatic license-plate recognition cameras were used to compile detailed vehicle profiles. This enabled us to establish more precise associations between ambient pollutant concentrations and vehicle emissions. An additional goal of the study was to collect baseline PM data in order to test the hypothesis that changes in traffic densities and vehicle mixes caused by the LEZ would affect the oxidative potential and metal content of ambient PM10 and PM2.5. The resulting baseline PM data set was the first to describe, in detail, the oxidative potential and metal content of the PM10 and PM2.5 of a major city's airshed. PM in London has considerable oxidative potential; clear differences in this measure were found from site to site, with evidence that the oxidative potential of both PM10 and PM2.5 at roadside monitoring sites was higher than at urban background locations. In the PM10 samples this increased oxidative activity appeared to be associated with increased concentrations of copper (Cu), barium (Ba), and bathophenanthroline disulfonate-mobilized iron (BPS Fe) in the roadside samples. In the PM2.5 samples, no simple association could be seen, suggesting that other unmeasured components were driving the increased oxidative potential in this fraction of the roadside samples. These data suggest that two components were contributing to the oxidative potential of roadside PM, namely Cu and BPS Fe in the coarse fraction of PM (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm to 10 microm; PM(2.5-10)) and an unidentified redox catalyst in PM2.5. The data derived for this baseline study confirmed key observations from a more limited spatial mapping exercise published in our earlier HEI report on the introduction of the London's Congestion Charging Scheme (CCS) in 2003 (Kelly et al. 2011a,b). In addition, the data set in the current report provided robust baseline information on the oxidative potential and metal content of PM found in the London airshed in the period before implementation of the LEZ; the finding that a proportion of the oxidative potential appears in the PM coarse mode and is apparently related to brake wear raises important issues regarding the nature of traffic management schemes. The final goal of this baseline study was to establish the feasibility, in ethical and operational terms, of using the U.K.'s electronic primary-care records to evaluate the effects of the LEZ on human health outcomes. Data on consultations and prescriptions were compiled from a pilot group of general practices (13 distributed across London, with 100,000 patients; 29 situated in the inner London Borough of Lambeth, with 200,000 patients). Ethics approvals were obtained to link individual primary-care records to modeled NOx concentrations by means of post-codes. (To preserve anonymity, the postcodes were removed before delivery to the research team.) A wide range of NOx exposures was found across London as well as within and between the practices examined. Although we observed little association between NOx exposure and smoking status, a positive relationship was found between exposure and increased socioeconomic deprivation. The health outcomes we chose to study were asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, wheeze, hay fever, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. These outcomes were measured as prevalence or incidence. Their distributions by age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and smoking were found to accord with those reported in the epidemiology literature. No cross-sectional positive associations were found between exposure to NOx and any of the studied health outcomes; some associations were significantly negative. After the pilot study, a suitable primary-care database of London patients was identified, the General Practice Research Database responsible for giving us access to these data agreed to collaborate in the evaluation of the LEZ, and an acceptable method of ensuring privacy of the records was agreed upon. The database included about 350,000 patients who had remained at the same address over the four-year period of the study. Power calculations for a controlled longitudinal analysis were then performed, indicating that for outcomes such as consultations for respiratory illnesses or prescriptions for asthma there was sufficient power to identify a 5\% to 10\% reduction in consultations for patients most exposed to the intervention compared with patients presumed to not be exposed to it. In conclusion, the work undertaken in this study provides a good foundation for future LEZ evaluations. Our extensive monitoring network, measuring a comprehensive set of pollutants (and a range of particle metrics), will continue to provide a valuable tool both for assessing the impact of LEZ regulations on air quality in London and for furthering understanding of the link between PM's composition and toxicity. Finally, we believe that in combination with our modeling of the predicted population-based changes in pollution exposure in London, the use of primary-care databases forms a sound basis and has sufficient statistical power for the evaluation of the potential impact of the LEZ on human health.},
language = {eng},
number = {163},
journal = {Research Report (Health Effects Institute)},
author = {Kelly, Frank and Armstrong, Ben and Atkinson, Richard and Anderson, H. Ross and Barratt, Ben and Beevers, Sean and Cook, Derek and Green, Dave and Derwent, Dick and Mudway, Ian and Wilkinson, Paul and {HEI Health Review Committee}},
month = nov,
year = {2011},
pmid = {22315924},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Health Status, Humans, Infant, London, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Metals, Middle Aged, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Pilot Projects, Primary Health Care, Small-Area Analysis, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vehicle Emissions, Young Adult},
pages = {3--79}
}Incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in England, 2001 to 2005. Kotz, D., Simpson, C. R., & Sheikh, A. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 127(3):623--630.e1, March, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Previous descriptions of the epidemiology of peanut allergy have mainly been derived from small cross-sectional studies. OBJECTIVE: To interrogate a large national research database to provide estimates for the incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in the English population. METHODS: Version 10 of the QRESEARCH database was used with data from 2,958,366 patients who were registered with 422 United Kingdom general practices in the years 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome was a recording of clinician-diagnosed peanut allergy. RESULTS: The age-sex standardized incidence rate of peanut allergy in 2005 was 0.08 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 0.07-0.08), and the prevalence rate was 0.51 per 1000 patients (95% CI, 0.49-0.54). This translated into an estimated 4000 incident cases (95% CI, 3500-4600) and 25,700 prevalent cases (95% CI, 24,400-27,100) of GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in England in 2005. During the study period, the incidence rate of peanut allergy remained fairly stable, whereas the prevalence rate doubled. In those under 18 years of age, the crude lifetime prevalence rate was higher in males than females. A significant inverse relationship between prevalence and socioeconomic status was found. CONCLUSION: These data on GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy from a large general practice database suggest a much lower prevalence in peanut allergy than has hitherto been found. This difference may in part be explained by underrecording of peanut allergy in general practice. Further research is needed to assess the true frequency of peanut allergy in the population and whether there has been a true increase in recent years.
@article{kotz_incidence_2011,
title = {Incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in {England}, 2001 to 2005},
volume = {127},
issn = {1097-6825},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.021},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous descriptions of the epidemiology of peanut allergy have mainly been derived from small cross-sectional studies.
OBJECTIVE: To interrogate a large national research database to provide estimates for the incidence, prevalence, and trends of general practitioner (GP)-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in the English population.
METHODS: Version 10 of the QRESEARCH database was used with data from 2,958,366 patients who were registered with 422 United Kingdom general practices in the years 2001 to 2005. The primary outcome was a recording of clinician-diagnosed peanut allergy.
RESULTS: The age-sex standardized incidence rate of peanut allergy in 2005 was 0.08 per 1000 person-years (95\% CI, 0.07-0.08), and the prevalence rate was 0.51 per 1000 patients (95\% CI, 0.49-0.54). This translated into an estimated 4000 incident cases (95\% CI, 3500-4600) and 25,700 prevalent cases (95\% CI, 24,400-27,100) of GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy in England in 2005. During the study period, the incidence rate of peanut allergy remained fairly stable, whereas the prevalence rate doubled. In those under 18 years of age, the crude lifetime prevalence rate was higher in males than females. A significant inverse relationship between prevalence and socioeconomic status was found.
CONCLUSION: These data on GP-recorded diagnosis of peanut allergy from a large general practice database suggest a much lower prevalence in peanut allergy than has hitherto been found. This difference may in part be explained by underrecording of peanut allergy in general practice. Further research is needed to assess the true frequency of peanut allergy in the population and whether there has been a true increase in recent years.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
author = {Kotz, Daniel and Simpson, Colin R. and Sheikh, Aziz},
month = mar,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21236479},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, General Practitioners, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Records, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Prevalence, incidence},
pages = {623--630.e1}
}Provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin drug-drug interaction alerts: a study of healthcare downstream of CPOE alerts. Miller, A. M, Boro, M. S, Korman, N. E, & Davoren, J B. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA, 18 Suppl 1:i45–50, December, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To categorize the appropriateness of provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin critical drug-drug interaction (cDDI) alerts, assess responses and actions to the cDDI, and determine the occurrence of warfarin adverse drug events (ADE) after alerts. DESIGN: An 18-month, retrospective study of acute care admissions at a single Veterans Affairs medical center using computerized provider order entry (CPOE). MEASUREMENTS: Patients included had at least one warfarin cDDI alert. Chart reviews included baseline laboratory values and demographics, provider actions, patient outcomes, and associated factors, including other interacting medications and number of simultaneously processed alerts. RESULTS: 137 admissions were included (133 unique patients). Amiodarone, vitamin E in a multivitamin, sulfamethoxazole, and levothyroxine accounted for 75% of warfarin cDDI. Provider responses were clinically appropriate in 19.7% of admissions and pharmacist responses were appropriate in 9.5% of admissions. There were 50 ADE (36.6% of admissions) with warfarin; 80% were rated as having no or mild clinical effect. An increased number of non-critical alerts at the time of the reference cDDI alert was the only variable associated with an inappropriate provider response (p=0.01). LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by being a retrospective review and the possibility of confounding variables, such as other interacting medications. CONCLUSION: The large number of CPOE alerts may lead to inappropriate responses by providers and pharmacists. The high rate of ADE suggests a need for improved medication management systems for patients on warfarin. This study highlights the possibility of alert fatigue contributing to the high prevalence of inappropriate alert over-ride text responses.
@article{miller_provider_2011,
title = {Provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin drug-drug interaction alerts: a study of healthcare downstream of {CPOE} alerts},
volume = {18 Suppl 1},
issn = {1527-974X},
shorttitle = {Provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin drug-drug interaction alerts},
doi = {10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000262},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To categorize the appropriateness of provider and pharmacist responses to warfarin critical drug-drug interaction (cDDI) alerts, assess responses and actions to the cDDI, and determine the occurrence of warfarin adverse drug events (ADE) after alerts.
DESIGN: An 18-month, retrospective study of acute care admissions at a single Veterans Affairs medical center using computerized provider order entry (CPOE).
MEASUREMENTS: Patients included had at least one warfarin cDDI alert. Chart reviews included baseline laboratory values and demographics, provider actions, patient outcomes, and associated factors, including other interacting medications and number of simultaneously processed alerts.
RESULTS: 137 admissions were included (133 unique patients). Amiodarone, vitamin E in a multivitamin, sulfamethoxazole, and levothyroxine accounted for 75\% of warfarin cDDI. Provider responses were clinically appropriate in 19.7\% of admissions and pharmacist responses were appropriate in 9.5\% of admissions. There were 50 ADE (36.6\% of admissions) with warfarin; 80\% were rated as having no or mild clinical effect. An increased number of non-critical alerts at the time of the reference cDDI alert was the only variable associated with an inappropriate provider response (p=0.01).
LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by being a retrospective review and the possibility of confounding variables, such as other interacting medications.
CONCLUSION: The large number of CPOE alerts may lead to inappropriate responses by providers and pharmacists. The high rate of ADE suggests a need for improved medication management systems for patients on warfarin. This study highlights the possibility of alert fatigue contributing to the high prevalence of inappropriate alert over-ride text responses.},
language = {eng},
journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association: JAMIA},
author = {Miller, Allison M and Boro, Maureen S and Korman, Nancy E and Davoren, J Ben},
month = dec,
year = {2011},
pmid = {22037888},
pmcid = {PMC3241165},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Drug Interactions, Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Hospitals, Veterans, Humans, Infant, Male, Medical Order Entry Systems, Medical Staff, Hospital, Middle Aged, Pharmacists, Reminder Systems, Retrospective Studies, United States, Warfarin},
pages = {i45--50}
}Cost-effectiveness and socio-economic aspects of childhood influenza vaccination. Nichol, K. L. Vaccine, 29(43):7554--7558, October, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Children have high rates of healthcare utilization due to influenza. In addition, children also transmit influenza to others in their households and the community. The costs of influenza in children include the direct medical care costs from increased outpatient visits and hospitalizations, and also indirect costs due to productivity losses especially for their parents and due to transmission of the virus to others. A variety of studies using different methods and assumptions have assessed the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination of children, and many find that vaccination is either cost saving or cost effective.
@article{ nichol_cost-effectiveness_2011,
title = {Cost-effectiveness and socio-economic aspects of childhood influenza vaccination},
volume = {29},
issn = {1873-2518},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.015},
abstract = {Children have high rates of healthcare utilization due to influenza. In addition, children also transmit influenza to others in their households and the community. The costs of influenza in children include the direct medical care costs from increased outpatient visits and hospitalizations, and also indirect costs due to productivity losses especially for their parents and due to transmission of the virus to others. A variety of studies using different methods and assumptions have assessed the cost-effectiveness of influenza vaccination of children, and many find that vaccination is either cost saving or cost effective.},
language = {eng},
number = {43},
journal = {Vaccine},
author = {Nichol, Kristin L.},
month = {October},
year = {2011},
pmid = {21820477},
keywords = {Child, Child, Preschool, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Care Costs, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Vaccination},
pages = {7554--7558}
}Risk of convulsions in children after monovalent H1N1 (2009) and trivalent influenza vaccines: a database study. Stowe, J., Andrews, N., Bryan, P., Seabroke, S., & Miller, E. Vaccine, 29(51):9467--9472, November, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The monovalent H1N1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccine used predominantly in the UK in 2009/10 was a split virion vaccine with a novel oil-in-water adjuvant (ASO3). While this was highly immunogenic it was also reactogenic especially for fever in children. There is a paucity of comparative data on reactogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). Using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) we investigated whether there was an increased risk of convulsions in children vaccinated with monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine in the 2009/10 season and also the risk after vaccination with the seasonal TIVs using the self-controlled case-series method. A total of 2366 children aged under 10 years with at least one convulsion recorded in the GPRD and who had received at least one influenza vaccine at anytime (2858 doses of TIV and 1895 doses of the monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine) were identified between May 2000 and April 2010. Over this period these 2366 children had a total of 3846 convulsion episodes. There was no increase in the incidence rate ratio (IRR) in the week after vaccination for either the monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine (IRR 0.99, 95% CI 0.61-1.60) or the first dose of TIV (IRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.53-1.52). A signal of an elevated risk in the first few days after the second dose of monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine was seen with an IRR for days 1-3 post vaccination of 3.48 (95% CI 0.86-14.07). This is consistent with findings of increased fever in a clinical trial. These results neither provide evidence of an increased risk of convulsions following TIV over a 10-year surveillance period nor following a single dose of the ASO3 adjuvanted monovalent H1N1 vaccine in 2009/10.
@article{stowe_risk_2011,
title = {Risk of convulsions in children after monovalent {H}1N1 (2009) and trivalent influenza vaccines: a database study},
volume = {29},
issn = {1873-2518},
shorttitle = {Risk of convulsions in children after monovalent {H}1N1 (2009) and trivalent influenza vaccines},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.029},
abstract = {The monovalent H1N1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccine used predominantly in the UK in 2009/10 was a split virion vaccine with a novel oil-in-water adjuvant (ASO3). While this was highly immunogenic it was also reactogenic especially for fever in children. There is a paucity of comparative data on reactogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). Using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) we investigated whether there was an increased risk of convulsions in children vaccinated with monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine in the 2009/10 season and also the risk after vaccination with the seasonal TIVs using the self-controlled case-series method. A total of 2366 children aged under 10 years with at least one convulsion recorded in the GPRD and who had received at least one influenza vaccine at anytime (2858 doses of TIV and 1895 doses of the monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine) were identified between May 2000 and April 2010. Over this period these 2366 children had a total of 3846 convulsion episodes. There was no increase in the incidence rate ratio (IRR) in the week after vaccination for either the monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine (IRR 0.99, 95\% CI 0.61-1.60) or the first dose of TIV (IRR 0.89, 95\% CI 0.53-1.52). A signal of an elevated risk in the first few days after the second dose of monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine was seen with an IRR for days 1-3 post vaccination of 3.48 (95\% CI 0.86-14.07). This is consistent with findings of increased fever in a clinical trial. These results neither provide evidence of an increased risk of convulsions following TIV over a 10-year surveillance period nor following a single dose of the ASO3 adjuvanted monovalent H1N1 vaccine in 2009/10.},
language = {eng},
number = {51},
journal = {Vaccine},
author = {Stowe, Julia and Andrews, Nick and Bryan, Phil and Seabroke, Suzie and Miller, Elizabeth},
month = nov,
year = {2011},
pmid = {22019757},
keywords = {Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Fever, Humans, Infant, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza, Human, Male, seizures},
pages = {9467--9472}
}Secular trends of antibacterial prescribing in UK paediatric primary care. Schneider-Lindner, V., Quach, C., Hanley, J. A., & Suissa, S. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66(2):424--433, February, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Resistance to antibacterial drugs can be contained by judicious prescribing. In particular, the use of these drugs in children requires ongoing surveillance. While there was a decline in antibacterial prescribing in the UK during the 1990s, recent trends are less well known. OBJECTIVES: To describe antibiotic prescribing patterns and time trends in children in the UK over the last two decades. METHODS: We identified all children ages 0-19 years from 1993 to 2007 and their antibiotic prescriptions from the General Practice Research Database. We used Poisson regression to estimate prescription rates considering the children's age and gender, calendar year and practice. RESULTS: The cohort included 1 751 645 children with 5 835 891 antibacterial prescriptions. The average prescription rate was 511 prescriptions per 1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 509-513]. As of 1995, the rate decreased to 419/1000 person-years (95% CI 411-426) in 2000, then increased to 568/1000 person-years (95% CI 559-577) in 2007. Between 2000 and 2007, rates increased on average by 4.3% (95% CI 3.7-5.0%) annually, amounting to an increase of 40.7% (95% CI 34.5-47.2%) for all children. Rates were generally higher in girls, except for boys \textless5 years. Broad-spectrum penicillins were most frequently prescribed; their rate increased on average by 4.6% annually (95% CI 4.0-5.3%) after 2000. This trend was similar in most classes of antibacterials. CONCLUSIONS: Antibacterial prescribing to outpatient children in the UK has been steadily increasing since 2000, consistently for boys and girls, across all ages and antibacterial classes.
@article{schneider-lindner_secular_2011,
title = {Secular trends of antibacterial prescribing in {UK} paediatric primary care},
volume = {66},
issn = {1460-2091},
doi = {10.1093/jac/dkq452},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Resistance to antibacterial drugs can be contained by judicious prescribing. In particular, the use of these drugs in children requires ongoing surveillance. While there was a decline in antibacterial prescribing in the UK during the 1990s, recent trends are less well known.
OBJECTIVES: To describe antibiotic prescribing patterns and time trends in children in the UK over the last two decades.
METHODS: We identified all children ages 0-19 years from 1993 to 2007 and their antibiotic prescriptions from the General Practice Research Database. We used Poisson regression to estimate prescription rates considering the children's age and gender, calendar year and practice.
RESULTS: The cohort included 1 751 645 children with 5 835 891 antibacterial prescriptions. The average prescription rate was 511 prescriptions per 1000 person-years [95\% confidence interval (CI) 509-513]. As of 1995, the rate decreased to 419/1000 person-years (95\% CI 411-426) in 2000, then increased to 568/1000 person-years (95\% CI 559-577) in 2007. Between 2000 and 2007, rates increased on average by 4.3\% (95\% CI 3.7-5.0\%) annually, amounting to an increase of 40.7\% (95\% CI 34.5-47.2\%) for all children. Rates were generally higher in girls, except for boys {\textless}5 years. Broad-spectrum penicillins were most frequently prescribed; their rate increased on average by 4.6\% annually (95\% CI 4.0-5.3\%) after 2000. This trend was similar in most classes of antibacterials.
CONCLUSIONS: Antibacterial prescribing to outpatient children in the UK has been steadily increasing since 2000, consistently for boys and girls, across all ages and antibacterial classes.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy},
author = {Schneider-Lindner, Verena and Quach, Caroline and Hanley, James A. and Suissa, Samy},
month = feb,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21172784},
keywords = {Adolescent, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Utilization, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pediatrics, Penicillins, Physician's Practice Patterns, Primary Health Care},
pages = {424--433}
}The Brazilian health system: history, advances, and challenges. Paim, J., Travassos, C., Almeida, C., Bahia, L., & Macinko, J. Lancet, 377(9779):1778–1797, May, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with widespread regional and social inequalities. In this report, we examine the historical development and components of the Brazilian health system, focusing on the reform process during the past 40 years, including the creation of the Unified Health System. A defining characteristic of the contemporary health sector reform in Brazil is that it was driven by civil society rather than by governments, political parties, or international organisations. The advent of the Unified Health System increased access to health care for a substantial proportion of the Brazilian population, at a time when the system was becoming increasingly privatised. Much is still to be done if universal health care is to be achieved. Over the past 20 years, there have been other advances, including investments in human resources, science and technology, and primary care, and a substantial decentralisation process, widespread social participation, and growing public awareness of a right to health care. If the Brazilian health system is to overcome the challenges with which it is presently faced, strengthened political support is needed so that financing can be restructured and the roles of both the public and private sector can be redefined.
@article{paim_brazilian_2011,
title = {The {Brazilian} health system: history, advances, and challenges},
volume = {377},
issn = {1474-547X},
shorttitle = {The {Brazilian} health system},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60054-8},
abstract = {Brazil is a country of continental dimensions with widespread regional and social inequalities. In this report, we examine the historical development and components of the Brazilian health system, focusing on the reform process during the past 40 years, including the creation of the Unified Health System. A defining characteristic of the contemporary health sector reform in Brazil is that it was driven by civil society rather than by governments, political parties, or international organisations. The advent of the Unified Health System increased access to health care for a substantial proportion of the Brazilian population, at a time when the system was becoming increasingly privatised. Much is still to be done if universal health care is to be achieved. Over the past 20 years, there have been other advances, including investments in human resources, science and technology, and primary care, and a substantial decentralisation process, widespread social participation, and growing public awareness of a right to health care. If the Brazilian health system is to overcome the challenges with which it is presently faced, strengthened political support is needed so that financing can be restructured and the roles of both the public and private sector can be redefined.},
language = {eng},
number = {9779},
journal = {Lancet},
author = {Paim, Jairnilson and Travassos, Claudia and Almeida, Celia and Bahia, Ligia and Macinko, James},
month = may,
year = {2011},
pmid = {21561655},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brazil, Child, Child, Preschool, Delivery of Health Care, Developing Countries, Female, Financing, Government, Health Expenditures, Health Services Accessibility, Health Services Needs and Demand, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Politics, Population Growth, Socioeconomic Factors, Universal Coverage, Young Adult},
pages = {1778--1797}
}2010 (3)
Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid. Cilliers, K., Labadarios, D., Schaaf, H. S., Willemse, M., Maritz, J. S., Werely, C. J., Hussey, G., & Donald, P. R. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992), 99(5):705--710, May, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
AIM: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, receiving INH regimens. METHODS: Children from the Western Cape of South Africa hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB) management were studied. Plasma PLP concentrations were determined on enrolment, 1-month after commencing TB treatment, and again after 4-month's treatment. The children received a supplement meeting pyridoxine requirements. RESULTS: Nineteen HIV-infected and 33 HIV-uninfected children received INH (dosage range 4-20 mg/kg) daily. Mean PLP plasma concentrations on enrolment were 8.32 (SD 6.75) ng/mL and 11.28 (SD 3.02) ng/mL in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, respectively (p = 0.11) and after 4-month's treatment 6.75 (SD 2.71) ng/mL and 14.76 (SD 7.96) ng/mL (p \textless 0.001). On enrolment 9 (50%) HIV-infected and 5 (15%) HIV-uninfected children (p = 0.016) had suboptimal PLP concentrations (\textless6 ng/mL); after 4-month's treatment 8 (42%) and 2 (6%) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Plasma PLP concentrations in children treated for TB were low on enrolment in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children; after 4-month's treatment low values were still common in HIV-infected children. Additional pyridoxine supplementation of malnourished children treated for tuberculosis is advisable, particularly those HIV-infected.
@article{ cilliers_pyridoxal-5-phosphate_2010,
title = {Pyridoxal-5-phosphate plasma concentrations in children receiving tuberculosis chemotherapy including isoniazid},
volume = {99},
issn = {1651-2227},
doi = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01696.x},
abstract = {AIM: Little is known about pyridoxine nutriture of children treated with isoniazid (INH) regimens. This study documents plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations in children, HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected, receiving INH regimens.
METHODS: Children from the Western Cape of South Africa hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB) management were studied. Plasma PLP concentrations were determined on enrolment, 1-month after commencing TB treatment, and again after 4-month's treatment. The children received a supplement meeting pyridoxine requirements.
RESULTS: Nineteen HIV-infected and 33 HIV-uninfected children received INH (dosage range 4-20 mg/kg) daily. Mean PLP plasma concentrations on enrolment were 8.32 (SD 6.75) ng/mL and 11.28 (SD 3.02) ng/mL in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children, respectively (p = 0.11) and after 4-month's treatment 6.75 (SD 2.71) ng/mL and 14.76 (SD 7.96) ng/mL (p {\textless} 0.001). On enrolment 9 (50%) HIV-infected and 5 (15%) HIV-uninfected children (p = 0.016) had suboptimal PLP concentrations ({\textless}6 ng/mL); after 4-month's treatment 8 (42%) and 2 (6%) (p = 0.004).
CONCLUSION: Plasma PLP concentrations in children treated for TB were low on enrolment in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children; after 4-month's treatment low values were still common in HIV-infected children. Additional pyridoxine supplementation of malnourished children treated for tuberculosis is advisable, particularly those HIV-infected.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992)},
author = {Cilliers, K. and Labadarios, D. and Schaaf, H. S. and Willemse, M. and Maritz, J. S. and Werely, C. J. and Hussey, G. and Donald, P. R.},
month = {May},
year = {2010},
pmid = {20146723},
keywords = {AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Adolescent, Antitubercular Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genotype, HIV Infections, Humans, Infant, Isoniazid, Male, Pyridoxal Phosphate, South Africa, Tuberculosis},
pages = {705--710}
}Termination of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis in France: how severe are the foetal anomalies?. Dommergues, M., Mandelbrot, L., Mahieu-Caputo, D., Boudjema, N., & Durand-Zaleski, I. Prenatal diagnosis, 30(6):531--9, June, 2010.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: To determine how severe were the conditions leading to termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly (TOPFA) in France. METHODS: Detailed indications for TOPFA were extracted from medical charts. RESULTS: Of 2465 completed records, indications were: chromosomal anomalies n = 963 (39.1%), malformations of a single organ without chromosomal or genetic aetiologies n = 898 (36.4%), multiple malformations without chromosomal or genetic aetiologies n = 238 (9.7%), obstetrical complications n = 161 (6.5%), non-chromosomal genetic diseases n = 158 (6.4%), foetal infections n = 21 (0.9%), unexplained severe oligohydramnios n = 20 (0.8%), foetal exposure to teratogenic agents n = 6. Overall, 33.3% of anomalies were lethal (e.g. anencephaly), 25.2% were expected to result in isolated mental retardation (e.g. Down) and 35.1% in substantial handicap (e.g. myelomeningocele). In 6.4% of cases, the anomaly was either of late onset (e.g. Huntington's disease) or with uncertain prognosis (e.g. agenesis of corpus callosum) or severity was debatable (e.g. single limb agenesis, sickle cell disease). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no indisputable definition of which anomalies are 'severe', 93.6% of the decisions to terminate the pregnancy were made by women and professionals in reaction to anomalies which clearly were lethal or would lead to substantial physical and/or mental disabilities.
@article{Dommergues2010,
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine how severe were the conditions leading to termination of pregnancy for foetal anomaly (TOPFA) in France. METHODS: Detailed indications for TOPFA were extracted from medical charts. RESULTS: Of 2465 completed records, indications were: chromosomal anomalies n = 963 (39.1\%), malformations of a single organ without chromosomal or genetic aetiologies n = 898 (36.4\%), multiple malformations without chromosomal or genetic aetiologies n = 238 (9.7\%), obstetrical complications n = 161 (6.5\%), non-chromosomal genetic diseases n = 158 (6.4\%), foetal infections n = 21 (0.9\%), unexplained severe oligohydramnios n = 20 (0.8\%), foetal exposure to teratogenic agents n = 6. Overall, 33.3\% of anomalies were lethal (e.g. anencephaly), 25.2\% were expected to result in isolated mental retardation (e.g. Down) and 35.1\% in substantial handicap (e.g. myelomeningocele). In 6.4\% of cases, the anomaly was either of late onset (e.g. Huntington's disease) or with uncertain prognosis (e.g. agenesis of corpus callosum) or severity was debatable (e.g. single limb agenesis, sickle cell disease). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no indisputable definition of which anomalies are 'severe', 93.6\% of the decisions to terminate the pregnancy were made by women and professionals in reaction to anomalies which clearly were lethal or would lead to substantial physical and/or mental disabilities.},
author = {Dommergues, Marc and Mandelbrot, Laurent and Mahieu-Caputo, Dominique and Boudjema, Noel and Durand-Zaleski, Isabelle},
doi = {10.1002/pd.2510},
file = {:C$\backslash$:/Users/emnicolas/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dommergues et al. - 2010 - Termination of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis in France how severe are the foetal anomalies.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1097-0223},
journal = {Prenatal diagnosis},
keywords = {Abortion,Congenital Abnormalities,Congenital Abnormalities: diagnosis,Congenital Abnormalities: epidemiology,Congenital Abnormalities: etiology,Counseling,Counseling: statistics \& numerical data,Counseling: utilization,Eugenic,Eugenic: ethics,Eugenic: statistics \& numerical data,Eugenic: utilization,Female,France,France: epidemiology,Geography,Gestational Age,Humans,Infant,Live Birth,Live Birth: epidemiology,Newborn,Pregnancy,Prenatal Diagnosis,Prenatal Diagnosis: statistics \& numerical data,Prenatal Diagnosis: utilization,Severity of Illness Index},
month = jun,
number = {6},
pages = {531--9},
pmid = {20509152},
title = {{Termination of pregnancy following prenatal diagnosis in France: how severe are the foetal anomalies?}},
url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pd.2510/full http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20509152},
volume = {30},
year = {2010}
}Impact of pre-conception health care: evaluation of a social determinants focused intervention. Livingood, W. C., Brady, C., Pierce, K., Atrash, H., Hou, T., & Bryant, T. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 14(3):382--391, May, 2010.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the social determinants component of a multiple determinants model of pre- and inter-conception care. Health department vital statistics and infectious disease data on birth and factors influencing birth outcomes were analyzed for participants in a program designed to mitigate the effects of social class and stress in contrast to a matched comparison group and other relevant populations. The program showed promising results related to reducing infant mortality and reducing other high-risk factors for poor birth outcomes, including low birth weight and sexually transmitted disease. Social determinant interventions, designed to mitigate the impact of social class and stress, should be considered with efforts to reduce infant mortality, particularly the disparities associated with infant mortality. Additional research should be conducted to refine replicable social determinant focused interventions and confirm and generalize these results.
@article{livingood_impact_2010,
title = {Impact of pre-conception health care: evaluation of a social determinants focused intervention},
volume = {14},
issn = {1573-6628},
shorttitle = {Impact of pre-conception health care},
doi = {10.1007/s10995-009-0471-4},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the social determinants component of a multiple determinants model of pre- and inter-conception care. Health department vital statistics and infectious disease data on birth and factors influencing birth outcomes were analyzed for participants in a program designed to mitigate the effects of social class and stress in contrast to a matched comparison group and other relevant populations. The program showed promising results related to reducing infant mortality and reducing other high-risk factors for poor birth outcomes, including low birth weight and sexually transmitted disease. Social determinant interventions, designed to mitigate the impact of social class and stress, should be considered with efforts to reduce infant mortality, particularly the disparities associated with infant mortality. Additional research should be conducted to refine replicable social determinant focused interventions and confirm and generalize these results.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Maternal and Child Health Journal},
author = {Livingood, William C. and Brady, Carol and Pierce, Kimberly and Atrash, Hani and Hou, Tao and Bryant, Thomas},
month = may,
year = {2010},
pmid = {19662521},
keywords = {African Americans, Birth Weight, Case Management, Chi-Square Distribution, Female, Florida, Health Status Disparities, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Models, Organizational, Organizational Objectives, Preconception Care, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Program Evaluation, Retrospective Studies, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological},
pages = {382--391}
}2009 (5)
Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of South African children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines. McIlleron, H., Willemse, M., Werely, C. J., Hussey, G. D., Schaaf, Simon, H., Smith, P. J., & Donald, P. R. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 48(11):1547--1553, June, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: In most countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, children with tuberculosis are prescribed isoniazid at dosages of 4-6 mg/kg/day, as recommended by international authorities. METHODS: We studied isoniazid concentrations in 56 hospitalized children (median age, 3.22 years; interquartile range [IQR], 1.58-5.38 years) who received isoniazid daily (median dosage, 5.01 mg/kg/day; range, 2.94-15.58 mg/kg/day) as part of antituberculosis treatment. At 1 and 4 months after initiation of treatment, isoniazid concentrations were measured in plasma samples at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4, and 6 h after a treatment dose, to describe pharmacokinetic measures by using noncompartmental analysis. The effects of dose in milogram per kilogram, acetylator genotype, age, sex, and clinical diagnosis of kwashiorkor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on isoniazid concentrations were evaluated. RESULTS: Median peak concentrations of isoniazid in children prescribed a dose of 4-6 mg/kg were 58% lower than those in children prescribed a dose of 8-10 mg/kg (2.39 mg/L [IQR, 1.59-3.40] vs. 5.71 mg/L [IQR, 4.74-7.62]). Peak concentrations were \textless3 mg/L in 70% of children prescribed a dose of 4-6 mg/kg. In contrast, children prescribed a dose of 8-12 mg/kg achieved peak concentrations approximating those in adults treated with 300 mg of isoniazid daily. Intermediate or fast acetylator genotype independently predicted a 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21%-51%) reduction in peak concentrations, compared with the slow-acetylator genotype. Each 1-mg/kg increase in the dose and each year increase in age were associated with increases in peak concentrations of 21% (95% CI, 16%-25%) and 6% (95% CI, 3%-10%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Younger children require higher doses of isoniazid per kilogram of body weight to achieve isoniazid concentrations similar to those in adults. A daily isoniazid dose of 8-12 mg/kg should be recommended.
@article{ mcilleron_isoniazid_2009,
title = {Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of {South} {African} children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines},
volume = {48},
issn = {1537-6591},
shorttitle = {Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of {South} {African} children with tuberculosis},
doi = {10.1086/598192},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In most countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, children with tuberculosis are prescribed isoniazid at dosages of 4-6 mg/kg/day, as recommended by international authorities.
METHODS: We studied isoniazid concentrations in 56 hospitalized children (median age, 3.22 years; interquartile range [IQR], 1.58-5.38 years) who received isoniazid daily (median dosage, 5.01 mg/kg/day; range, 2.94-15.58 mg/kg/day) as part of antituberculosis treatment. At 1 and 4 months after initiation of treatment, isoniazid concentrations were measured in plasma samples at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 4, and 6 h after a treatment dose, to describe pharmacokinetic measures by using noncompartmental analysis. The effects of dose in milogram per kilogram, acetylator genotype, age, sex, and clinical diagnosis of kwashiorkor and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on isoniazid concentrations were evaluated.
RESULTS: Median peak concentrations of isoniazid in children prescribed a dose of 4-6 mg/kg were 58% lower than those in children prescribed a dose of 8-10 mg/kg (2.39 mg/L [IQR, 1.59-3.40] vs. 5.71 mg/L [IQR, 4.74-7.62]). Peak concentrations were {\textless}3 mg/L in 70% of children prescribed a dose of 4-6 mg/kg. In contrast, children prescribed a dose of 8-12 mg/kg achieved peak concentrations approximating those in adults treated with 300 mg of isoniazid daily. Intermediate or fast acetylator genotype independently predicted a 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21%-51%) reduction in peak concentrations, compared with the slow-acetylator genotype. Each 1-mg/kg increase in the dose and each year increase in age were associated with increases in peak concentrations of 21% (95% CI, 16%-25%) and 6% (95% CI, 3%-10%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Younger children require higher doses of isoniazid per kilogram of body weight to achieve isoniazid concentrations similar to those in adults. A daily isoniazid dose of 8-12 mg/kg should be recommended.},
language = {eng},
number = {11},
journal = {Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
author = {McIlleron, Helen and Willemse, Marianne and Werely, Cedric J. and Hussey, Gregory D. and Schaaf, H. Simon and Smith, Peter J. and Donald, Peter R.},
month = {June},
year = {2009},
pmid = {19392636},
keywords = {Antitubercular Agents, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Isoniazid, Male, Plasma, South Africa, Tuberculosis},
pages = {1547--1553}
}A targeted population carrier screening program for severe and frequent genetic diseases in Israel. Zlotogora, J., Carmi, R., Lev, B., & Shalev, S., A. Eur J Hum Genet, 17(5):591-597, 2009.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex A national carrier screening program targeted at communities in which severe genetic diseases are present with a frequency higher than 1/1000 live births, has been in existence in Israel since 2002. Within the communities at risk, carrier screening is voluntary whereas genetic counseling and testing is provided free of charge. During the first 5 years of the program more than 13 000 tests were performed, and at the end of 2007 it was offered in 35 different localities/communities for a total of 36 diseases. Many of the couples identified to be at risk opted for prenatal diagnosis and in two cases an affected pregnancy was terminated. In some cases the couples declined prenatal diagnosis and two of those families gave birth to an affected child. Based on the experience learnt from this targeted screening program it appears that a knowledge-based, voluntary screening program operated within the community is an effective way to provide genetic services and test referrals. The community program directed toward couples in their reproductive period does not seem to have led to stigmatization at either the individual or the community level.
@article{
title = {A targeted population carrier screening program for severe and frequent genetic diseases in Israel},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Child,Female,Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*diagnosis/*genetics,Genetic Testing/*methods,Heterozygote Detection/*methods,Humans,Infant, Newborn,Israel,Neonatal Screening,Pregnancy,Prenatal Diagnosis,Program Evaluation},
pages = {591-597},
volume = {17},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19107146},
edition = {2008/12/25},
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notes = {<m:note>Zlotogora, Joel<m:linebreak/>Carmi, Rivka<m:linebreak/>Lev, Boaz<m:linebreak/>Shalev, Stavit A<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>European journal of human genetics : EJHG<m:linebreak/>ejhg2008241<m:linebreak/>Eur J Hum Genet. 2009 May;17(5):591-7. Epub 2008 Dec 24.</m:note>},
abstract = {A national carrier screening program targeted at communities in which severe genetic diseases are present with a frequency higher than 1/1000 live births, has been in existence in Israel since 2002. Within the communities at risk, carrier screening is voluntary whereas genetic counseling and testing is provided free of charge. During the first 5 years of the program more than 13 000 tests were performed, and at the end of 2007 it was offered in 35 different localities/communities for a total of 36 diseases. Many of the couples identified to be at risk opted for prenatal diagnosis and in two cases an affected pregnancy was terminated. In some cases the couples declined prenatal diagnosis and two of those families gave birth to an affected child. Based on the experience learnt from this targeted screening program it appears that a knowledge-based, voluntary screening program operated within the community is an effective way to provide genetic services and test referrals. The community program directed toward couples in their reproductive period does not seem to have led to stigmatization at either the individual or the community level.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Zlotogora, J and Carmi, R and Lev, B and Shalev, S A},
journal = {Eur J Hum Genet},
number = {5}
}Cleft lip and/or palate and breathing during sleep. MacLean, J., E., Hayward, P., Fitzgerald, D., a., & Waters, K. Sleep medicine reviews, 13(5):345-54, Elsevier Ltd, 10, 2009.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Cleft of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a common defect which is associated with changes in facial structures and a smaller upper airway. As a result, infants and children with CL/P have an increased risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). This paper will review the anatomical and functional factors which place infants and children with CL/P at increased risk of SDB as well as review the literature which defines the magnitude of this risk. The information available on treatment of SDB in infants and children with CL/P will be presented. Finally, outstanding issues relevant to SDB in children with CL/P are discussed with direction for future research.
@article{
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title = {Cleft lip and/or palate and breathing during sleep.},
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keywords = {Adolescent,Child,Child, Preschool,Cleft Lip,Cleft Lip: complications,Cleft Lip: physiopathology,Cleft Lip: surgery,Cleft Palate,Cleft Palate: complications,Cleft Palate: physiopathology,Cleft Palate: surgery,Continuous Positive Airway Pressure,Humans,Infant,Respiratory Physiological Processes,Risk Factors,Sleep,Sleep Apnea Syndromes,Sleep Apnea Syndromes: etiology,Sleep Apnea Syndromes: therapy,Sleep: physiology},
created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
pages = {345-54},
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abstract = {Cleft of the lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a common defect which is associated with changes in facial structures and a smaller upper airway. As a result, infants and children with CL/P have an increased risk of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). This paper will review the anatomical and functional factors which place infants and children with CL/P at increased risk of SDB as well as review the literature which defines the magnitude of this risk. The information available on treatment of SDB in infants and children with CL/P will be presented. Finally, outstanding issues relevant to SDB in children with CL/P are discussed with direction for future research.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {MacLean, Joanna E and Hayward, Peter and Fitzgerald, Dominic a and Waters, Karen},
journal = {Sleep medicine reviews},
number = {5}
}Safe transportation of preterm and low birth weight infants at hospital discharge. Bull, M., J. & Engle, W., A. Pediatrics, 123(5):1424-9, 5, 2009.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Safe transportation of preterm and low birth weight infants requires special considerations. Both physiologic immaturity and low birth weight must be taken into account to properly position such infants. This clinical report provides guidelines for pediatricians and other caregivers who counsel parents of preterm and low birth weight infants about car safety seats.
@article{
title = {Safe transportation of preterm and low birth weight infants at hospital discharge.},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Equipment Design,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Low Birth Weight,Newborn,Posture,Premature,Safety,Transportation of Patients},
pages = {1424-9},
volume = {123},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403510},
month = {5},
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abstract = {Safe transportation of preterm and low birth weight infants requires special considerations. Both physiologic immaturity and low birth weight must be taken into account to properly position such infants. This clinical report provides guidelines for pediatricians and other caregivers who counsel parents of preterm and low birth weight infants about car safety seats.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bull, Marilyn J. and Engle, William A.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
number = {5}
}Psoriasis and risk of incident myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis. Brauchli, Y. B., Jick, S. S., Miret, M., & Meier, C. R. The British Journal of Dermatology, 160(5):1048--1056, May, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriasis, but data on this risk in patients with early psoriasis are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the risk of developing incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) between an inception cohort of patients with psoriasis and a psoriasis-free population. METHODS: We conducted an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis within the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database. The study population encompassed 36,702 patients with a first-time recorded diagnosis of psoriasis 1994-2005, matched 1 : 1 to psoriasis-free patients. We assessed crude incidence rates (IRs) and applied conditional logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Overall, the IRs of MI (n = 449), stroke (n = 535) and TIA (n = 402) were similar among patients with or without psoriasis. However, the adjusted OR of developing MI for patients with psoriasis aged \textless 60 years was 1.66 (95% CI 1.03-2.66) compared with patients without psoriasis, while the OR for patients aged \textgreateror= 60 years was 0.99 (95% CI 0.77-1.26). The adjusted ORs of developing MI for patients of all ages with \textlessor= 2 or \textgreater 2 prescriptions/year for oral psoriasis treatment were 2.48 (95% CI 0.69-8.91) and 1.39 (95% CI 0.43-4.53), with a similar finding for stroke and TIA. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing a cardiovascular outcome was not materially elevated for patients with early psoriasis overall. In subanalyses, however, there was a suggestion of an increased (but low absolute) MI risk for patients with psoriasis aged \textless 60 years, mainly with severe disease.
@article{brauchli_psoriasis_2009,
title = {Psoriasis and risk of incident myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis},
volume = {160},
issn = {1365-2133},
shorttitle = {Psoriasis and risk of incident myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.09020.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases in patients with psoriasis, but data on this risk in patients with early psoriasis are scarce.
OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare the risk of developing incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) between an inception cohort of patients with psoriasis and a psoriasis-free population.
METHODS: We conducted an inception cohort study with a nested case-control analysis within the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database. The study population encompassed 36,702 patients with a first-time recorded diagnosis of psoriasis 1994-2005, matched 1 : 1 to psoriasis-free patients. We assessed crude incidence rates (IRs) and applied conditional logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) with 95\% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: Overall, the IRs of MI (n = 449), stroke (n = 535) and TIA (n = 402) were similar among patients with or without psoriasis. However, the adjusted OR of developing MI for patients with psoriasis aged {\textless} 60 years was 1.66 (95\% CI 1.03-2.66) compared with patients without psoriasis, while the OR for patients aged {\textgreater}or= 60 years was 0.99 (95\% CI 0.77-1.26). The adjusted ORs of developing MI for patients of all ages with {\textless}or= 2 or {\textgreater} 2 prescriptions/year for oral psoriasis treatment were 2.48 (95\% CI 0.69-8.91) and 1.39 (95\% CI 0.43-4.53), with a similar finding for stroke and TIA.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of developing a cardiovascular outcome was not materially elevated for patients with early psoriasis overall. In subanalyses, however, there was a suggestion of an increased (but low absolute) MI risk for patients with psoriasis aged {\textless} 60 years, mainly with severe disease.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {The British Journal of Dermatology},
author = {Brauchli, Y. B. and Jick, S. S. and Miret, M. and Meier, C. R.},
month = may,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19210501},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Databases, Factual, Female, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Odds Ratio, Psoriasis, Risk Assessment, Time Factors, Young Adult, stroke},
pages = {1048--1056}
}2008 (7)
No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes: a matched case-control study using the UK General Practice Research Database. Cardwell, C. R., Carson, D. J., & Patterson, C. C. Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association, 25(3):261--267, March, 2008.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
AIMS: To determine whether children with infections in early life (recorded routinely in general practice) have a reduced risk of Type 1 diabetes, as would be expected from the hygiene hypothesis. METHODS: Children with Type 1 diabetes and up to 20 matched (on year of birth, sex and region) control subjects were selected from a cohort of children born in the UK at General Practice Research Database practices. For each child, the frequency of general practitioner consultations for infections and prescriptions for antibiotics in the first year of life were determined. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: The main analysis included 367 case and 4579 matched control subjects. There was no evidence of any reduction in the subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes in children with at least one infection in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95%CI 0.79, 1.34) or in children prescribed antibiotics in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95%CI 0.82, 1.29). Further analyses also revealed little evidence of a difference in subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes after different types of infection in the first year of life (including gastrointestinal, conjunctivitis, otitis media and upper and lower respiratory tract). Analyses of infections in the first 2 years of life reached similar conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence of an association between infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes and therefore does not support the hygiene hypothesis.
@article{cardwell_no_2008,
title = {No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset {Type} 1 diabetes: a matched case-control study using the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {25},
issn = {1464-5491},
shorttitle = {No association between routinely recorded infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset {Type} 1 diabetes},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02351.x},
abstract = {AIMS: To determine whether children with infections in early life (recorded routinely in general practice) have a reduced risk of Type 1 diabetes, as would be expected from the hygiene hypothesis.
METHODS: Children with Type 1 diabetes and up to 20 matched (on year of birth, sex and region) control subjects were selected from a cohort of children born in the UK at General Practice Research Database practices. For each child, the frequency of general practitioner consultations for infections and prescriptions for antibiotics in the first year of life were determined. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95\% confidence intervals (95\%CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS: The main analysis included 367 case and 4579 matched control subjects. There was no evidence of any reduction in the subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes in children with at least one infection in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95\%CI 0.79, 1.34) or in children prescribed antibiotics in the first year of life (OR = 1.03, 95\%CI 0.82, 1.29). Further analyses also revealed little evidence of a difference in subsequent risk of Type 1 diabetes after different types of infection in the first year of life (including gastrointestinal, conjunctivitis, otitis media and upper and lower respiratory tract). Analyses of infections in the first 2 years of life reached similar conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence of an association between infections in early life and subsequent risk of childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes and therefore does not support the hygiene hypothesis.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Diabetic Medicine: A Journal of the British Diabetic Association},
author = {Cardwell, C. R. and Carson, D. J. and Patterson, C. C.},
month = mar,
year = {2008},
pmid = {18201209},
keywords = {Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, databases as topic, infection},
pages = {261--267}
}Conscientious objection: a potential neonatal nursing response to care orders that cause suffering at the end of life? Study of a concept. Catlin, A., Armigo, C., Volat, D., Vale, E., Hadley, Ann, M., Gong, W., Bassir, R., & Anderson, K. Neonatal network: NN, 27(2):101--108, April, 2008.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex This article is an exploratory effort meant to solicit and provoke dialog. Conscientious objection is proposed as a potential response to the moral distress experienced by neonatal nurses. The most commonly reported cause of distress for all nurses is following orders to support patients at the end of their lives with advanced technology when palliative or comfort care would be more humane. Nurses report that they feel they are harming patients or causing suffering when they could be comforting instead. We examined the literature on moral distress, futility, and the concept of conscientious objection from the perspective of the nurse's potential response to performing advanced technologic interventions for the dying patient. We created a small pilot study to engage in clinical verification of the use of our concept of conscientious objection. Data from 66 neonatal intensive care and pediatric intensive care unit nurses who responded in a one-month period are reported here. Interest in conscientious objection to care that causes harm or suffering was very high. This article reports the analysis of conscientious objection use in neonatal care.
@article{ catlin_conscientious_2008-1,
title = {Conscientious objection: a potential neonatal nursing response to care orders that cause suffering at the end of life? Study of a concept},
volume = {27},
issn = {0730-0832},
shorttitle = {Conscientious objection},
url = {http://www.sonoma.edu/users/c/catlin/conscientious%20objection.pdf},
doi = {10.1891/0730-0832.27.2.101},
abstract = {This article is an exploratory effort meant to solicit and provoke dialog. Conscientious objection is proposed as a potential response to the moral distress experienced by neonatal nurses. The most commonly reported cause of distress for all nurses is following orders to support patients at the end of their lives with advanced technology when palliative or comfort care would be more humane. Nurses report that they feel they are harming patients or causing suffering when they could be comforting instead. We examined the literature on moral distress, futility, and the concept of conscientious objection from the perspective of the nurse's potential response to performing advanced technologic interventions for the dying patient. We created a small pilot study to engage in clinical verification of the use of our concept of conscientious objection. Data from 66 neonatal intensive care and pediatric intensive care unit nurses who responded in a one-month period are reported here. Interest in conscientious objection to care that causes harm or suffering was very high. This article reports the analysis of conscientious objection use in neonatal care.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Neonatal network: {NN}},
author = {Catlin, Anita and Armigo, Christine and Volat, Deborah and Vale, Elnora and Hadley, Mary Ann and Gong, Wendy and Bassir, Ranginah and Anderson, Kelly},
month = {April},
year = {2008},
pmid = {18431964},
keywords = {Attitude of Health Personnel, Conflict (Psychology), Conscience, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Medical Futility, Models, Nursing, Morals, Neonatal Nursing, Nurse's Role, Nursing Methodology Research, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Palliative Care, Patient Advocacy, Pilot Projects, Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological},
pages = {101--108}
}Sleep hygiene for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Jan, J., E., Owens, J., a., Weiss, M., D., Johnson, K., P., Wasdell, M., B., Freeman, R., D., & Ipsiroglu, O., S. Pediatrics, 122(6):1343-50, 12, 2008.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are common and have a profound effect on the quality of life of the child, as well as the entire family. Although interventions for sleep problems in these children often involve a combination of behavioral and pharmacologic strategies, the first line of treatment is the promotion of improved sleep habits or "hygiene." Despite the importance of sleep-hygiene principles, defined as basic optimal environmental, scheduling, sleep-practice, and physiologic sleep-promoting factors, clinicians often lack appropriate knowledge and skills to implement them. In addition, sleep-hygiene practices may need to be modified and adapted for this population of children and are often more challenging to implement compared with their healthy counterparts. This first comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of sleep hygiene for children with disabilities presents the rationale for incorporating these measures in their treatment, outlines both general and specific sleep-promotion practices, and discusses problem-solving strategies for implementing them in a variety of clinical practice settings.
@article{
id = {d3b99cc5-13c9-3545-885b-7a4dc0d6a45b},
title = {Sleep hygiene for children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Caregivers,Caregivers: psychology,Child,Child Care,Child Care: methods,Child, Preschool,Developmental Disabilities,Developmental Disabilities: complications,Developmental Disabilities: diagnosis,Environment,Female,Humans,Infant,Male,Mental Disorders,Mental Disorders: complications,Mental Disorders: diagnosis,Mental Health,Parent-Child Relations,Pediatrics,Pediatrics: standards,Pediatrics: trends,Quality of Life,Risk Assessment,Severity of Illness Index,Sleep Disorders,Sleep Disorders: etiology,Sleep Disorders: rehabilitation,Stress, Psychological},
created = {2012-06-13T03:54:21.000Z},
pages = {1343-50},
volume = {122},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19047255},
month = {12},
accessed = {2010-10-11},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
group_id = {ba0deb47-e19a-3151-83cc-b6262d5edb6e},
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abstract = {Sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are common and have a profound effect on the quality of life of the child, as well as the entire family. Although interventions for sleep problems in these children often involve a combination of behavioral and pharmacologic strategies, the first line of treatment is the promotion of improved sleep habits or "hygiene." Despite the importance of sleep-hygiene principles, defined as basic optimal environmental, scheduling, sleep-practice, and physiologic sleep-promoting factors, clinicians often lack appropriate knowledge and skills to implement them. In addition, sleep-hygiene practices may need to be modified and adapted for this population of children and are often more challenging to implement compared with their healthy counterparts. This first comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of sleep hygiene for children with disabilities presents the rationale for incorporating these measures in their treatment, outlines both general and specific sleep-promotion practices, and discusses problem-solving strategies for implementing them in a variety of clinical practice settings.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Jan, James E and Owens, Judith a and Weiss, Margaret D and Johnson, Kyle P and Wasdell, Michael B and Freeman, Roger D and Ipsiroglu, Osman S},
journal = {Pediatrics},
number = {6}
}Comparison between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in young children. Orton, H., D., Szabo, N., J., Clare-Salzler, M., & Norris, J., M. Eur J Clin Nutr, 62(6):733-738, 2008.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: We conducted a dietary validation study in youth aged 1-11 years by comparing dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as assessed by a parent-completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over time to erythrocyte membrane composition of the same fatty acids. DESIGN: The study population included youth aged 1-11 years who were participants in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal study in Denver, Colorado that is following a cohort of youth at risk for developing type I diabetes. Four hundred and four children who had erythrocyte membrane fatty acid data matched to an FFQ corresponding to the same time frame for a total of 917 visits (matches) were included. PUFA intake was expressed both as g/day (adjusted for total energy) and as percent of total fat intake. We used mixed models to test the association and calculate the correlation between the erythrocyte membrane estimates and PUFA intake using all records of data for each youth. RESULTS: Intakes of total omega-3 fatty acids (beta=0.52, P<0.0001, rho=0.23) and marine PUFAs (beta=1.62, P<0.0001, rho=0.42), as a percent of total fat in the diet, were associated with percent of omega-3 and marine PUFAs in the erythrocyte membrane. Intakes of omega-6 PUFAs (beta=0.04, P=0.418, rho=0.05) and arachidonic acid (beta=0.31, P=0.774, rho=0.01) were not associated. CONCLUSIONS: In these young children, an FFQ using parental report provided estimates of average long-term intakes of marine PUFAs that correlated well with their erythrocyte cell membrane fatty acid status.
@article{
title = {Comparison between omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in young children},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Diet,Biological Markers/blood,Child,Child, Preschool,Cohort Studies,Colorado,Cross-Sectional Studies,Diet Surveys,Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/*administration & dosage,Erythrocyte Membrane/*chemistry,Fatty Acids, Omega-3/*administration & dosage/anal,Fatty Acids, Omega-6/*administration & dosage/*ana,Female,Humans,Infant,Longitudinal Studies,Male,Questionnaires/*standards,Reproducibility of Results,Seafood,Sensitivity and Specificity},
pages = {733-738},
volume = {62},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=17440518},
edition = {2007/04/19},
id = {73ca6912-d3a5-3d7e-af03-263b919dd64e},
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language = {eng},
notes = {<m:note>Orton, H D<m:linebreak/>Szabo, N J<m:linebreak/>Clare-Salzler, M<m:linebreak/>Norris, J M<m:linebreak/>DK32493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>P30 DK 57516/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>P30 DK057516-019004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>R01 DK049654-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>R01-DK49654/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>R37 DK032493-18/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States<m:linebreak/>Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural<m:linebreak/>Validation Studies<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>European journal of clinical nutrition<m:linebreak/>1602763<m:linebreak/>Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;62(6):733-8. Epub 2007 Apr 18.</m:note>},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We conducted a dietary validation study in youth aged 1-11 years by comparing dietary intake of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as assessed by a parent-completed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over time to erythrocyte membrane composition of the same fatty acids. DESIGN: The study population included youth aged 1-11 years who were participants in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY), a longitudinal study in Denver, Colorado that is following a cohort of youth at risk for developing type I diabetes. Four hundred and four children who had erythrocyte membrane fatty acid data matched to an FFQ corresponding to the same time frame for a total of 917 visits (matches) were included. PUFA intake was expressed both as g/day (adjusted for total energy) and as percent of total fat intake. We used mixed models to test the association and calculate the correlation between the erythrocyte membrane estimates and PUFA intake using all records of data for each youth. RESULTS: Intakes of total omega-3 fatty acids (beta=0.52, P<0.0001, rho=0.23) and marine PUFAs (beta=1.62, P<0.0001, rho=0.42), as a percent of total fat in the diet, were associated with percent of omega-3 and marine PUFAs in the erythrocyte membrane. Intakes of omega-6 PUFAs (beta=0.04, P=0.418, rho=0.05) and arachidonic acid (beta=0.31, P=0.774, rho=0.01) were not associated. CONCLUSIONS: In these young children, an FFQ using parental report provided estimates of average long-term intakes of marine PUFAs that correlated well with their erythrocyte cell membrane fatty acid status.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Orton, H D and Szabo, N J and Clare-Salzler, M and Norris, J M},
journal = {Eur J Clin Nutr},
number = {6}
}Has UK guidance affected general practitioner antibiotic prescribing for otitis media in children?. Thompson, P. L., Gilbert, R. E., Long, P. F., Saxena, S., Sharland, M., & Wong, I. C. K. Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England), 30(4):479--486, December, 2008.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Since 1997, UK guidance has advocated limiting antibiotic prescribing for otitis media. It is not known whether this has influenced general practitioner prescribing practice. Aims and objectives To investigate the trends in diagnoses and antibiotic prescribing for otitis media in children in relation to guidance. METHODS: We used the General Practice Research Database to conduct time-trend analyses of diagnoses and antibiotic prescribing for otitis media in 3 months to 15 years old, between 1990 and 2006. RESULTS: A total of 1 210 237 otitis media episodes were identified in 464 845 children; two-thirds (68%; 818 006) received antibiotics. Twenty-two percent (267 335) were classified as acute, 85% (227 335) of which received antibiotics. Overall, antibiotic prescribing for otitis media declined by 51% between 1995 and 2000. Much of this reduction predated guidance. During this period, prescribing for otitis media coded as acute increased by 22%. Children diagnosed with acute otitis media were more likely to receive antibiotics than otitis media not coded as acute (P \textless 0.05). From 2000 prescribing plateaued, despite publication of further guidance. Otitis media diagnoses consistently paralleled prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in antibiotic prescribing for otitis media predated guidance. The simultaneous decrease in prescribing for non-acute otitis media and increase for acute otitis media suggest diagnostic transfer, possibly to justify the decision to treat.
@article{thompson_has_2008,
title = {Has {UK} guidance affected general practitioner antibiotic prescribing for otitis media in children?},
volume = {30},
issn = {1741-3850},
doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdn072},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since 1997, UK guidance has advocated limiting antibiotic prescribing for otitis media. It is not known whether this has influenced general practitioner prescribing practice. Aims and objectives To investigate the trends in diagnoses and antibiotic prescribing for otitis media in children in relation to guidance.
METHODS: We used the General Practice Research Database to conduct time-trend analyses of diagnoses and antibiotic prescribing for otitis media in 3 months to 15 years old, between 1990 and 2006.
RESULTS: A total of 1 210 237 otitis media episodes were identified in 464 845 children; two-thirds (68\%; 818 006) received antibiotics. Twenty-two percent (267 335) were classified as acute, 85\% (227 335) of which received antibiotics. Overall, antibiotic prescribing for otitis media declined by 51\% between 1995 and 2000. Much of this reduction predated guidance. During this period, prescribing for otitis media coded as acute increased by 22\%. Children diagnosed with acute otitis media were more likely to receive antibiotics than otitis media not coded as acute (P {\textless} 0.05). From 2000 prescribing plateaued, despite publication of further guidance. Otitis media diagnoses consistently paralleled prescribing.
CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in antibiotic prescribing for otitis media predated guidance. The simultaneous decrease in prescribing for non-acute otitis media and increase for acute otitis media suggest diagnostic transfer, possibly to justify the decision to treat.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England)},
author = {Thompson, P. L. and Gilbert, R. E. and Long, P. F. and Saxena, S. and Sharland, M. and Wong, I. C. K.},
month = dec,
year = {2008},
pmid = {18765405},
keywords = {Adolescent, Amoxicillin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Erythromycin, Family Practice, Female, Great Britain, Guideline Adherence, Humans, Infant, Male, Otitis Media, Physician's Practice Patterns, Practice Guidelines as Topic, databases as topic},
pages = {479--486}
}Assessment of children for acute respiratory infections in hospital outpatients in Tanzania: what drives good practice?. Chandler, C., I., R., Nadjm, B., Boniface, G., Juma, K., Reyburn, H., & Whitty, C., J., M. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 79(6):925-32, 12, 2008.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Respiratory infections cause significant mortality in developing countries but are frequently undiagnosed. Reasons for this are unclear. We observed 1,081 outpatient consultations with patients less than five years of age in Tanzania. In 554 patients with cough or difficulty breathing, the absolute percentages examined were 5% for respiratory rate counted, 14% chest exposed, and 25% stethoscope used. Decisions to conduct particular examinations did appear to follow clinical logic, with odds ratios of 4.28 for counting respiratory rate (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.75-10.47), 2.57 for exposing the chest (95% CI=1.67-3.95), and 18.91 for using a stethoscope (95% CI=9.52-37.57) in patients with cough or difficulty breathing. Non-clinical variables, including salary level, were also associated with examinations, and history taking was more common among clinicians originating outside the hospital area. Although respiratory examinations are relatively more common in those with cough or difficulty breathing, the absolute rates are low and related to non-clinical and clinical factors.
@article{
id = {2a81e749-ad05-3a4c-a113-bff2d3dc91b1},
title = {Assessment of children for acute respiratory infections in hospital outpatients in Tanzania: what drives good practice?},
type = {article},
year = {2008},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Acute Disease,Child,Female,Hospital,Hospital: standards,Humans,Infant,Male,Odds Ratio,Outpatient Clinics,Preschool,Respiratory Tract Infections,Respiratory Tract Infections: diagnosis,Tanzania},
created = {2010-05-18T05:27:29.000Z},
pages = {925-32},
volume = {79},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19052307},
month = {12},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {fe7067eb-58b8-34c6-b8cd-6717fdf7605c},
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citation_key = {Chandler2008},
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abstract = {Respiratory infections cause significant mortality in developing countries but are frequently undiagnosed. Reasons for this are unclear. We observed 1,081 outpatient consultations with patients less than five years of age in Tanzania. In 554 patients with cough or difficulty breathing, the absolute percentages examined were 5% for respiratory rate counted, 14% chest exposed, and 25% stethoscope used. Decisions to conduct particular examinations did appear to follow clinical logic, with odds ratios of 4.28 for counting respiratory rate (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.75-10.47), 2.57 for exposing the chest (95% CI=1.67-3.95), and 18.91 for using a stethoscope (95% CI=9.52-37.57) in patients with cough or difficulty breathing. Non-clinical variables, including salary level, were also associated with examinations, and history taking was more common among clinicians originating outside the hospital area. Although respiratory examinations are relatively more common in those with cough or difficulty breathing, the absolute rates are low and related to non-clinical and clinical factors.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Chandler, Clare I R and Nadjm, Behzad and Boniface, Gloria and Juma, Kaseem and Reyburn, Hugh and Whitty, Christopher J M},
journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
number = {6}
}Incidence of oronasal haemorrhage in infancy presenting to general practice in the UK. McIntosh, N. & Chalmers, J. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 58(557):877--879, December, 2008.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The frequency of oronasal haemorrhage in infancy was estimated from two national GP research databases (6% UK population). When a case was identified, other presentations in the child over the first year were available from one dataset. In the first year haemoptysis is rare. In contrast, epistaxis (7-20 cases of per 10,000 infants) was 10 times more common, and 14.3% of these infants had an injury at some other point in infancy, (four times greater than the general population). In general practice epistaxis may herald other trauma presentations, implying that such infants may be part of a high-risk group for injury.
@article{mcintosh_incidence_2008,
title = {Incidence of oronasal haemorrhage in infancy presenting to general practice in the {UK}},
volume = {58},
issn = {1478-5242},
doi = {10.3399/bjgp08X376122},
abstract = {The frequency of oronasal haemorrhage in infancy was estimated from two national GP research databases (6\% UK population). When a case was identified, other presentations in the child over the first year were available from one dataset. In the first year haemoptysis is rare. In contrast, epistaxis (7-20 cases of per 10,000 infants) was 10 times more common, and 14.3\% of these infants had an injury at some other point in infancy, (four times greater than the general population). In general practice epistaxis may herald other trauma presentations, implying that such infants may be part of a high-risk group for injury.},
language = {eng},
number = {557},
journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
author = {McIntosh, Neil and Chalmers, James},
month = dec,
year = {2008},
pmid = {19068161},
pmcid = {PMC2593537},
keywords = {Child Abuse, Child, Preschool, Epistaxis, Family Practice, Great Britain, Hemoptysis, Humans, Infant, Risk Factors, incidence},
pages = {877--879}
}2007 (1)
The utility of the general practice research database to examine selected congenital heart defects: a validation study. Wurst, K. E., Ephross, S. A., Loehr, J., Clark, D. W., & Guess, H. A. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 16(8):867--877, August, 2007.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was (1) to validate that ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and coarctation of the aorta (COA) can be studied in the UK General practice research database (GPRD) and (2) to understand which of the available GPRD components (computerized medical records, questionnaires, and maternal/infant free text) provide maximal information about these heart defects. METHODS: Using a practitioner questionnaire, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the computerized medical record for VSD, TOF, and COA were determined. Both infant and maternal free text was examined. Concordance between the infant free text information and questionnaires was calculated. The proportion of infant information captured in the maternal free text was determined. RESULTS: A 93% response rate was achieved. Based on questionnaire responses, an overall PPV of 93.5% was achieved (VSD = 95%, TOF = 90%, COA = 100%). Approximately half of the records contained infant free text information including information on the type and size of VSD, echocardiogram findings, and surgery. Concordance between the infant's free text and questionnaire information occurred in most of the cases (92-100%). The proportion of infant information in the maternal free text was low (4-19%). CONCLUSION: The GPRD computerized medical records are sufficient to assess VSD, TOF, and COA. This study confirms that maternal free text provides a low yield of limited information pertaining to the infants' defect, while the infant free text may provide an additional information usually obtainable from practitioner questionnaires. The information provided by an infant free text may limit the need for practitioner questionnaire validation.
@article{wurst_utility_2007,
title = {The utility of the general practice research database to examine selected congenital heart defects: a validation study},
volume = {16},
issn = {1053-8569},
shorttitle = {The utility of the general practice research database to examine selected congenital heart defects},
doi = {10.1002/pds.1431},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was (1) to validate that ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and coarctation of the aorta (COA) can be studied in the UK General practice research database (GPRD) and (2) to understand which of the available GPRD components (computerized medical records, questionnaires, and maternal/infant free text) provide maximal information about these heart defects.
METHODS: Using a practitioner questionnaire, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the computerized medical record for VSD, TOF, and COA were determined. Both infant and maternal free text was examined. Concordance between the infant free text information and questionnaires was calculated. The proportion of infant information captured in the maternal free text was determined.
RESULTS: A 93\% response rate was achieved. Based on questionnaire responses, an overall PPV of 93.5\% was achieved (VSD = 95\%, TOF = 90\%, COA = 100\%). Approximately half of the records contained infant free text information including information on the type and size of VSD, echocardiogram findings, and surgery. Concordance between the infant's free text and questionnaire information occurred in most of the cases (92-100\%). The proportion of infant information in the maternal free text was low (4-19\%).
CONCLUSION: The GPRD computerized medical records are sufficient to assess VSD, TOF, and COA. This study confirms that maternal free text provides a low yield of limited information pertaining to the infants' defect, while the infant free text may provide an additional information usually obtainable from practitioner questionnaires. The information provided by an infant free text may limit the need for practitioner questionnaire validation.},
language = {eng},
number = {8},
journal = {Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety},
author = {Wurst, K. E. and Ephross, S. A. and Loehr, J. and Clark, D. W. and Guess, H. A.},
month = aug,
year = {2007},
pmid = {17563909},
keywords = {Aortic Coarctation, Data Collection, Databases, Factual, Epidemiologic Methods, Great Britain, Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Physicians, Family, Questionnaires, Reproducibility of Results, Tetralogy of Fallot},
pages = {867--877}
}2006 (4)
Child passenger safety for inner-city Latinos: new approaches from the community. Martin, M., Holden, J., Chen, Z., & Quinlan, K. Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 12(2):99-104, 4, 2006.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Motor vehicle crashes injuries, the leading cause of death for Latino children in the United States, can be reduced by the correct use of child safety seats. This study evaluated the ability of a community health worker education program to improve proper child safety seat usage in urban low income Latino families.
@article{
title = {Child passenger safety for inner-city Latinos: new approaches from the community.},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attitudes,Automobiles,Child,Community Health Services,Community Health Services: organization & administ,Female,Health Education,Health Education: methods,Health Knowledge,Hispanic Americans,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Infant Equipment: utilization,Male,Middle Aged,Newborn,Parents,Practice,Preschool,Program Evaluation,United States,Urban Health Services,Urban Health Services: organization & administrati,Wounds and Injuries,Wounds and Injuries: ethnology,Wounds and Injuries: prevention & control},
pages = {99-104},
volume = {12},
websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2577363&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
month = {4},
id = {87fdea4a-6f0c-3a6b-86a9-61cad4b0a1b7},
created = {2016-09-13T00:48:25.000Z},
accessed = {2016-09-05},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:52.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {false},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Motor vehicle crashes injuries, the leading cause of death for Latino children in the United States, can be reduced by the correct use of child safety seats. This study evaluated the ability of a community health worker education program to improve proper child safety seat usage in urban low income Latino families.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Martin, M. and Holden, J. and Chen, Z. and Quinlan, K.},
journal = {Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention},
number = {2}
}Car seat safety for high-risk infants. Howard-Salsman, K., D. Neonatal network : NN, 25(2):117-29, 2006.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Most neonates discharged from the hospital are able to go home in a standard car safety seat. Some infants, though, require special devices to ensure their safe travel. NICU nurses must have the knowledge and skills to comfortably and competently give vital information to parents preparing to take their infant home. This article is intended to increase awareness among NICU nurses of the potential dangers babies face when placed in a car seat. It provides a basic overview of car seat safety for infants being discharged home from an NICU and includes references for those who seek further information on this topic.
@article{
title = {Car seat safety for high-risk infants.},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Accident Prevention,Body Size,Choice Behavior,Clinical Competence,Equipment Design,Equipment Failure,Guidelines as Topic,Humans,Infant,Infant Equipment,Infant Equipment: adverse effects,Infant Equipment: standards,Infant Equipment: supply & distribution,Information Services,Intensive Care,Internet,Neonatal,Neonatal Nursing,Neonatal Nursing: organization & administration,Newborn,Nurse's Role,Nursing Assessment,Parents,Parents: education,Parents: psychology,Patient Discharge,Posture,Premature,Safety Management,Safety Management: organization & administration},
pages = {117-29},
volume = {25},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16610484},
id = {e7a39718-3128-3251-9c50-4cbba5e2c22a},
created = {2016-09-13T00:48:28.000Z},
accessed = {2016-09-05},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {c7856f8a-4963-3e63-90cb-57986d91c9b0},
group_id = {1fd78437-06d9-37cf-b89d-417b03940b66},
last_modified = {2016-09-13T05:55:55.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {false},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Most neonates discharged from the hospital are able to go home in a standard car safety seat. Some infants, though, require special devices to ensure their safe travel. NICU nurses must have the knowledge and skills to comfortably and competently give vital information to parents preparing to take their infant home. This article is intended to increase awareness among NICU nurses of the potential dangers babies face when placed in a car seat. It provides a basic overview of car seat safety for infants being discharged home from an NICU and includes references for those who seek further information on this topic.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Howard-Salsman, Kimberly D.},
journal = {Neonatal network : NN},
number = {2}
}Age-related changes in consultations and antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections, 1995-2000. Data from the UK General Practice Research Database. Ashworth, M., Charlton, J., Latinovic, R., & Gulliford, M. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 31(5):461--467, October, 2006.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: International studies using data aggregated for all ages have shown decreasing rates of general practice consultations for acute respiratory infections with fewer antibiotic prescriptions issued per consultation. The occurrence of different respiratory infections varies widely at different ages but we do not know whether prescribing has reduced equally in all age groups. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine how reductions in consultation rates and antibiotic prescribing varied with age for different respiratory infections. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the General Practice Research Database for 108 general practices in the UK (mean registered population 642 685). We estimated age-specific changes between 1995 and 2000 in consultation rates, and the proportion of consultations resulting in an antibiotic prescription for 'all respiratory infections' and for 'sore throat', 'ear infection', 'bronchitis' and 'chest infection'. RESULTS: Consultation rates for 'all respiratory infections' declined in all age groups with the greatest decreases in children aged 1-4 years (41%), 5-10 year olds (53%) and 11-16 year olds (54%), whereas at 75-84 years the reduction was 28%. The pattern of greater reductions in children held for each separate condition even though the age of peak incidence varied. The relative reduction in antibiotic prescribing was greatest at 1-4 years (18%), 5-10 years (17%) and 11-16 years (17%), compared with 5% at 75-84 years. Antibiotic prescribing decreased most for sore throat and this was observed at all ages particularly in 5-10 year olds (relative reduction, 32%). CONCLUSIONS: School age children account for the greatest reduction in consultations for acute respiratory infection. School age and preschool children account for the greatest reductions in antibiotic prescribing during the consultation. The rapid changes in consultation rates are unexplained.
@article{ashworth_age-related_2006,
title = {Age-related changes in consultations and antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory infections, 1995-2000. {Data} from the {UK} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {31},
issn = {0269-4727},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00765.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: International studies using data aggregated for all ages have shown decreasing rates of general practice consultations for acute respiratory infections with fewer antibiotic prescriptions issued per consultation. The occurrence of different respiratory infections varies widely at different ages but we do not know whether prescribing has reduced equally in all age groups.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine how reductions in consultation rates and antibiotic prescribing varied with age for different respiratory infections.
METHODS: Data were abstracted from the General Practice Research Database for 108 general practices in the UK (mean registered population 642 685). We estimated age-specific changes between 1995 and 2000 in consultation rates, and the proportion of consultations resulting in an antibiotic prescription for 'all respiratory infections' and for 'sore throat', 'ear infection', 'bronchitis' and 'chest infection'.
RESULTS: Consultation rates for 'all respiratory infections' declined in all age groups with the greatest decreases in children aged 1-4 years (41\%), 5-10 year olds (53\%) and 11-16 year olds (54\%), whereas at 75-84 years the reduction was 28\%. The pattern of greater reductions in children held for each separate condition even though the age of peak incidence varied. The relative reduction in antibiotic prescribing was greatest at 1-4 years (18\%), 5-10 years (17\%) and 11-16 years (17\%), compared with 5\% at 75-84 years. Antibiotic prescribing decreased most for sore throat and this was observed at all ages particularly in 5-10 year olds (relative reduction, 32\%).
CONCLUSIONS: School age children account for the greatest reduction in consultations for acute respiratory infection. School age and preschool children account for the greatest reductions in antibiotic prescribing during the consultation. The rapid changes in consultation rates are unexplained.},
language = {eng},
number = {5},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics},
author = {Ashworth, M. and Charlton, J. and Latinovic, R. and Gulliford, M.},
month = oct,
year = {2006},
pmid = {16958824},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Confidence Intervals, Databases, Factual, Family Practice, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Middle Aged, Physician's Practice Patterns, Respiratory Tract Infections},
pages = {461--467}
}A long-term population-based clinical and morbidity review of Prader-Willi syndrome in Western Australia. Thomson, A., K., Glasson, E., J., & Bittles, A., H. J Intellect Disabil Res, 50(Pt 1):69-78, 2006.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: An investigation of the clinical morbidity and genetic profiles of individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in Western Australia (WA) was undertaken as part of a wider study into the effects of intellectual disability (ID) on the life course of individuals. METHODS: All persons with a diagnosis of PWS were identified from the records of the Disability Services Commission of WA (DSC). The DSC client files formed the main data source, and were supplemented by information from other state health data sets. The analysis was retrospective and quantitative in nature. RESULTS: A total of 56 individuals were identified, 10 of whom exhibited normal methylation patterns and so were analysed separately (PWS-like). The ages of the PWS group ranged from 0.9 to 48.3 years, with six persons deceased. Most people with PWS (76%) had mild or moderate ID, and 70% lived in their family home. The birth prevalence of the disorder was 1 in 29 500 births. Respiratory disorders, dentistry and gastrointestinal disorders were common reasons for hospital admission, with epilepsy or convulsions also reported at moderate frequency. The PWS-like group shared many clinical features in common with PWS patients, the principal exceptions being hypotonia and feeding difficulties in infancy. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated birth prevalence of PWS was lower than expected; however, the case ascertainment method may have excluded some individuals. Older people with PWS were generally living in sheltered accommodation. As the cohort ages, demand for places in similar accommodation will increase, adding to the existing burden on service providers. Substantial future increases in the use of medical services and hospital-based care also are predicted with the onset of age-associated disorders.
@article{
title = {A long-term population-based clinical and morbidity review of Prader-Willi syndrome in Western Australia},
type = {article},
year = {2006},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Age of Onset,Child,Child, Preschool,Cohort Studies,Comorbidity,Female,Humans,Infant,Male,Middle Aged,Prader-Willi Syndrome/*epidemiology/genetics/*psyc,Prevalence,Residence Characteristics,Retrospective Studies,Time Factors,Western Australia/epidemiology},
pages = {69-78},
volume = {50},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16316432},
edition = {2005/12/01},
id = {6304b879-7510-31b5-b1d5-0e08d20fda12},
created = {2017-06-19T13:42:45.337Z},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
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last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:45.433Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
language = {eng},
notes = {<m:note>Thomson, A K<m:linebreak/>Glasson, E J<m:linebreak/>Bittles, A H<m:linebreak/>Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't<m:linebreak/>England<m:linebreak/>Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR<m:linebreak/>Jir770<m:linebreak/>J Intellect Disabil Res. 2006 Jan;50(Pt 1):69-78.</m:note>},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: An investigation of the clinical morbidity and genetic profiles of individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in Western Australia (WA) was undertaken as part of a wider study into the effects of intellectual disability (ID) on the life course of individuals. METHODS: All persons with a diagnosis of PWS were identified from the records of the Disability Services Commission of WA (DSC). The DSC client files formed the main data source, and were supplemented by information from other state health data sets. The analysis was retrospective and quantitative in nature. RESULTS: A total of 56 individuals were identified, 10 of whom exhibited normal methylation patterns and so were analysed separately (PWS-like). The ages of the PWS group ranged from 0.9 to 48.3 years, with six persons deceased. Most people with PWS (76%) had mild or moderate ID, and 70% lived in their family home. The birth prevalence of the disorder was 1 in 29 500 births. Respiratory disorders, dentistry and gastrointestinal disorders were common reasons for hospital admission, with epilepsy or convulsions also reported at moderate frequency. The PWS-like group shared many clinical features in common with PWS patients, the principal exceptions being hypotonia and feeding difficulties in infancy. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated birth prevalence of PWS was lower than expected; however, the case ascertainment method may have excluded some individuals. Older people with PWS were generally living in sheltered accommodation. As the cohort ages, demand for places in similar accommodation will increase, adding to the existing burden on service providers. Substantial future increases in the use of medical services and hospital-based care also are predicted with the onset of age-associated disorders.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Thomson, A K and Glasson, E J and Bittles, A H},
journal = {J Intellect Disabil Res},
number = {Pt 1}
}2005 (5)
Utility of routinely acquired primary care data for paediatric disease epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology. Helms, P. J., Ekins Daukes, S., Taylor, M. W., Simpson, C. R., & McLay, J. S. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 59(6):684--690, June, 2005.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: The majority of medicines prescribed for children are prescribed in primary care for common acute and chronic conditions. This is in contrast to prescribing in secondary care where the population of children admitted is small but where a large number of different medicines are prescribed to treat more serious and less common conditions. METHODS: Data on prescribing was extracted from the General Practice Administration System for Scotland (GPASS) for the year November 1999 to October 2000 and prescribing patterns for children aged 0-16 years expressed as percentages. A comparison of age specific consultations for asthma, as an example of a common paediatric condition, was also made between two separate general practice data sets, the General Practice Research Database (GRPD) and the continuous morbidity recording (CMR) subset of GPASS. RESULTS: Of 214 medicines investigated for unlicensed and off-label prescribing no unlicensed prescribing was identified. Off-label prescribing due to age was most common among younger and older children. The most common reasons for off-label prescriptions were, in order of frequency, lower than recommended dose, higher than recommended dose, below the recommended age, and unlicensed formulation. Age and gender specific consultations for asthma were similar in the two representative databases, GPRD and CMR, both showing disappearance of the male predominance in the teenage years. CONCLUSIONS: Large primary care data sets available within a unified health care system such as the UK National Health Service (NHS) are likely to be broadly compatible and produce similar results. The prescribing of off-label medicines to children is common in primary care, most commonly due to prescribing out with the recommended dosage regimen.
@article{helms_utility_2005,
title = {Utility of routinely acquired primary care data for paediatric disease epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology},
volume = {59},
issn = {0306-5251},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02404.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The majority of medicines prescribed for children are prescribed in primary care for common acute and chronic conditions. This is in contrast to prescribing in secondary care where the population of children admitted is small but where a large number of different medicines are prescribed to treat more serious and less common conditions.
METHODS: Data on prescribing was extracted from the General Practice Administration System for Scotland (GPASS) for the year November 1999 to October 2000 and prescribing patterns for children aged 0-16 years expressed as percentages. A comparison of age specific consultations for asthma, as an example of a common paediatric condition, was also made between two separate general practice data sets, the General Practice Research Database (GRPD) and the continuous morbidity recording (CMR) subset of GPASS.
RESULTS: Of 214 medicines investigated for unlicensed and off-label prescribing no unlicensed prescribing was identified. Off-label prescribing due to age was most common among younger and older children. The most common reasons for off-label prescriptions were, in order of frequency, lower than recommended dose, higher than recommended dose, below the recommended age, and unlicensed formulation. Age and gender specific consultations for asthma were similar in the two representative databases, GPRD and CMR, both showing disappearance of the male predominance in the teenage years.
CONCLUSIONS: Large primary care data sets available within a unified health care system such as the UK National Health Service (NHS) are likely to be broadly compatible and produce similar results. The prescribing of off-label medicines to children is common in primary care, most commonly due to prescribing out with the recommended dosage regimen.},
language = {eng},
number = {6},
journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
author = {Helms, Peter J. and Ekins Daukes, Suzie and Taylor, Michael W. and Simpson, Colin R. and McLay, James S.},
month = jun,
year = {2005},
pmid = {15948933},
pmcid = {PMC1884863},
keywords = {Adolescent, Age Distribution, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Drug Approval, Drug Prescriptions, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Pediatrics, Primary Health Care, Reproducibility of Results, Scotland, State Medicine, pharmacoepidemiology},
pages = {684--690}
}Two mutations in the HSN2 gene explain the high prevalence of HSAN2 in French Canadians. Roddier, K., Thomas, T., Marleau, G., Gagnon, A., M., Dicaire, M., J., St-Denis, A., Gosselin, I., Sarrazin, A., M., Larbrisseau, A., Lambert, M., Vanasse, M., Gaudet, D., Rouleau, G., A., & Brais, B. Neurology, 64(10):1762-7, 5, 2005.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2; MIM 201300) is a rare recessive neuropathy typically diagnosed in the first decade. The 1973 study of a French Canadian family led to the definition of HSAN2.
@article{
title = {Two mutations in the HSN2 gene explain the high prevalence of HSAN2 in French Canadians.},
type = {article},
year = {2005},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Aged,Base Sequence,Base Sequence: genetics,Child,Child, Preschool,Chromosome Mapping,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12: genetics,Cohort Studies,DNA Mutational Analysis,Female,Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Genetic Predisposition to Disease: genetics,Genetic Testing,Genotype,Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies,Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies: epi,Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies: gen,Humans,Infant,Male,Middle Aged,Mutation,Mutation: genetics,Nerve Tissue Proteins,Nerve Tissue Proteins: genetics,Pedigree,Peripheral Nerves,Peripheral Nerves: pathology,Peripheral Nerves: physiopathology,Phenotype,Prevalence,Quebec,Quebec: epidemiology},
pages = {1762-7},
volume = {64},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911806},
month = {5},
day = {24},
id = {71758a4d-1534-3114-8245-28d8a8dcfda2},
created = {2017-06-19T13:46:38.335Z},
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last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:46:38.523Z},
read = {false},
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hidden = {false},
abstract = {Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2; MIM 201300) is a rare recessive neuropathy typically diagnosed in the first decade. The 1973 study of a French Canadian family led to the definition of HSAN2.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Roddier, K and Thomas, T and Marleau, G and Gagnon, A M and Dicaire, M J and St-Denis, A and Gosselin, I and Sarrazin, A M and Larbrisseau, A and Lambert, M and Vanasse, M and Gaudet, D and Rouleau, G A and Brais, B},
journal = {Neurology},
number = {10}
}Antibiotic prescribing in general practice and hospital admissions for peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, and rheumatic fever in children: time trend analysis. Sharland, M., Kendall, H., Yeates, D., Randall, A., Hughes, G., Glasziou, P., & Mant, D. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 331(7512):328--329, August, 2005.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
@article{sharland_antibiotic_2005,
title = {Antibiotic prescribing in general practice and hospital admissions for peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, and rheumatic fever in children: time trend analysis},
volume = {331},
issn = {1756-1833},
shorttitle = {Antibiotic prescribing in general practice and hospital admissions for peritonsillar abscess, mastoiditis, and rheumatic fever in children},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.38503.706887.AE1},
language = {eng},
number = {7512},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
author = {Sharland, M. and Kendall, H. and Yeates, D. and Randall, A. and Hughes, G. and Glasziou, P. and Mant, D.},
month = aug,
year = {2005},
pmid = {15967760},
pmcid = {PMC1183132},
keywords = {Adolescent, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Utilization, England, Family Practice, Hospitalization, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mastoiditis, Peritonsillar Abscess, Physician's Practice Patterns, Referral and Consultation, Respiratory Tract Infections, Rheumatic Fever},
pages = {328--329}
}Functional outcome after surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: experience with 78 patients. Sandalcioglu, I., E., Gasser, T., Asgari, S., Lazorisak, a., Engelhorn, T., Egelhof, T., Stolke, D., & Wiedemayer, H. Spinal cord, 43(1):34-41, 1, 2005.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors with impact on the functional outcome for patients with surgically treated intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCT) and to point out characteristics of the different histological entities.
SETTING: Neurosurgical Department, University of Essen, Germany.
METHODS: Between 1990 and 2000, a consecutive series of 78 patients were referred to our institution and underwent surgical treatment. There were 46 (59%) male and 32 (41%) female patients. Mean age was 43.3 years. Functional outcome was analyzed depending on histological features, age, tumor localization and the extension of involved spinal segments. The mean follow-up period was 34.4 months. Operative removal of the IMSCT was performed under standard microsurgical conditions with intraoperative monitoring of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP).
RESULTS: The most frequently involved localization was the cervical and cervicothoracic region (55%) followed by the thoracic region (32%) and the medullar conus (13%). The most frequent IMSCTs were neuroepithelial tumors in 44 patients (56.5%) including 32 patients with ependymomas, 15 astrocytomas, and two lesions without further histological classification. Non-neuroepithelial tumors included 10 metastases, nine cavernomas, eight hemangioblastomas, one dermoidal cyst and one enterogenetic cyst. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 65 cases (83.3%) and subtotal resection in nine cases. In four cases a biopsy was performed only. The overall postoperative neurological state was improved or unchanged in 51 patients (65.4%) and worsened in 27 patients (34.6%). A favorable functional outcome was observed in 94.1% of patients with vascular tumors, in 61.3% of patients with low-grade neuroepithelial tumors and in 53.3% of patients with malignant tumors.
CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predicting factor of functional outcome was the preoperative neurological condition beyond the histological differentiation of the IMSCT. Although there was no outcome difference with respect to the age and tumor extension, thoracically located IMSCTs proved to harbor an increased risk of postoperative surgical morbidity.
@article{
title = {Functional outcome after surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord tumors: experience with 78 patients.},
type = {article},
year = {2005},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Astrocytoma,Astrocytoma: epidemiology,Astrocytoma: pathology,Astrocytoma: surgery,Cervical Vertebrae,Cervical Vertebrae: surgery,Child,Child, Preschool,Dermoid Cyst,Dermoid Cyst: epidemiology,Dermoid Cyst: pathology,Dermoid Cyst: surgery,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: epidemiology,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Germany,Hemangioblastoma,Hemangioblastoma: epidemiology,Hemangioblastoma: pathology,Hemangioblastoma: surgery,Humans,Infant,Lumbar Vertebrae,Lumbar Vertebrae: surgery,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neoplasm Invasiveness,Neoplasm Metastasis,Neoplasm Metastasis: pathology,Outcome Assessment (Health Care),Postoperative Complications,Postoperative Complications: pathology,Postoperative Complications: physiopathology,Prevalence,Risk Factors,Spinal Cord Compression,Spinal Cord Compression: etiology,Spinal Cord Compression: surgery,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: epidemiology,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: pathology,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery,Thoracic Vertebrae,Thoracic Vertebrae: surgery},
pages = {34-41},
volume = {43},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15326473},
month = {1},
id = {493d4d42-dd72-3348-adee-f6882ad5549a},
created = {2013-09-04T15:14:21.000Z},
accessed = {2013-09-04},
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group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:56.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors with impact on the functional outcome for patients with surgically treated intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCT) and to point out characteristics of the different histological entities.
SETTING: Neurosurgical Department, University of Essen, Germany.
METHODS: Between 1990 and 2000, a consecutive series of 78 patients were referred to our institution and underwent surgical treatment. There were 46 (59%) male and 32 (41%) female patients. Mean age was 43.3 years. Functional outcome was analyzed depending on histological features, age, tumor localization and the extension of involved spinal segments. The mean follow-up period was 34.4 months. Operative removal of the IMSCT was performed under standard microsurgical conditions with intraoperative monitoring of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP).
RESULTS: The most frequently involved localization was the cervical and cervicothoracic region (55%) followed by the thoracic region (32%) and the medullar conus (13%). The most frequent IMSCTs were neuroepithelial tumors in 44 patients (56.5%) including 32 patients with ependymomas, 15 astrocytomas, and two lesions without further histological classification. Non-neuroepithelial tumors included 10 metastases, nine cavernomas, eight hemangioblastomas, one dermoidal cyst and one enterogenetic cyst. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 65 cases (83.3%) and subtotal resection in nine cases. In four cases a biopsy was performed only. The overall postoperative neurological state was improved or unchanged in 51 patients (65.4%) and worsened in 27 patients (34.6%). A favorable functional outcome was observed in 94.1% of patients with vascular tumors, in 61.3% of patients with low-grade neuroepithelial tumors and in 53.3% of patients with malignant tumors.
CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predicting factor of functional outcome was the preoperative neurological condition beyond the histological differentiation of the IMSCT. Although there was no outcome difference with respect to the age and tumor extension, thoracically located IMSCTs proved to harbor an increased risk of postoperative surgical morbidity.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Sandalcioglu, I E and Gasser, T and Asgari, S and Lazorisak, a and Engelhorn, T and Egelhof, T and Stolke, D and Wiedemayer, H},
journal = {Spinal cord},
number = {1}
}Evaluation of pediatric electrocardiogram diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy by computer program compared with cardiologists. Hamilton, R M, Houston, A B, McLeod, K, & Macfarlane, P W Pediatric cardiology, 26(4):373–378, August, 2005.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis of pediatric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) by the Glasgow electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation program compared to interpretations provided by two pediatric cardiologists. ECGs had all identifying information removed and were sent to the cardiologists independently with the patient's age and sex and the clinical indication for the ECG, if known. A total of 984 ECGs were included in the study, of which 664 were reported "with clinical indication" and 320 were reported "blind." With respect to an averaged diagnosis of the two cardiologists, the sensitivity of the program for RVH was better when the cardiologists reported blind (73.3%) than with the clinical indication (53.5%), with the same trend for the program compared with individual cardiologists. The specificity of the program was at least 94.4% in all cases. For LVH, the program had high specificity (=95.8%) for "reported blind" and "with clinical indication" cases but low sensitivities throughout (the highest was 44.4% with respect to an averaged diagnosis of the two cardiologists reporting with the clinical indication). Subsequent discussion revealed that if the cardiologists had disagreed with one another initially, their consensus opinion was twice as likely to be in agreement with the program.
@article{hamilton_evaluation_2005,
title = {Evaluation of pediatric electrocardiogram diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy by computer program compared with cardiologists},
volume = {26},
issn = {0172-0643},
doi = {10.1007/s00246-004-0748-8},
abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the diagnosis of pediatric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) by the Glasgow electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation program compared to interpretations provided by two pediatric cardiologists. ECGs had all identifying information removed and were sent to the cardiologists independently with the patient's age and sex and the clinical indication for the ECG, if known. A total of 984 ECGs were included in the study, of which 664 were reported "with clinical indication" and 320 were reported "blind." With respect to an averaged diagnosis of the two cardiologists, the sensitivity of the program for RVH was better when the cardiologists reported blind (73.3\%) than with the clinical indication (53.5\%), with the same trend for the program compared with individual cardiologists. The specificity of the program was at least 94.4\% in all cases. For LVH, the program had high specificity (=95.8\%) for "reported blind" and "with clinical indication" cases but low sensitivities throughout (the highest was 44.4\% with respect to an averaged diagnosis of the two cardiologists reporting with the clinical indication). Subsequent discussion revealed that if the cardiologists had disagreed with one another initially, their consensus opinion was twice as likely to be in agreement with the program.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Pediatric cardiology},
author = {Hamilton, R M and Houston, A B and McLeod, K and Macfarlane, P W},
month = aug,
year = {2005},
pmid = {15654572},
keywords = {Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Electrocardiography, Humans, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Observer Variation, Software},
pages = {373--378}
}2004 (2)
Autism and DPT vaccination in the United Kingdom. Jick, H. & Kaye, J. A. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350(26):2722--2723, June, 2004.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
@article{jick_autism_2004,
title = {Autism and {DPT} vaccination in the {United} {Kingdom}},
volume = {350},
issn = {1533-4406},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM200406243502623},
language = {eng},
number = {26},
journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
author = {Jick, Hershel and Kaye, James A.},
month = jun,
year = {2004},
pmid = {15215496},
keywords = {Autistic Disorder, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Thimerosal},
pages = {2722--2723}
}Natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosed in general practice. Ruigómez, A., García Rodríguez, L. A., Wallander, M., Johansson, S., Graffner, H., & Dent, J. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 20(7):751--760, October, 2004.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies indicate that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms have a prevalence of 10-20% in Western countries and are associated with obesity, smoking, oesophagitis, chest pain and respiratory disease. AIM: To determine the natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting in primary care in the UK. METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease during 1996 were identified in the UK General Practice Research Database and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. We investigated the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, potential risk factors and comorbidities, and relative risk for subsequent oesophageal complications and mortality. RESULTS: The incidence of a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis was 4.5 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 4.4-4.7). Prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, excess body weight and gastrointestinal and cardiac conditions were associated with an increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis. Subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had an increased risk of respiratory problems, chest pain and angina in the year after diagnosis, and had a relative risk of 11.5 (95% confidence interval: 5.9-22.3) of being diagnosed with an oesophageal complication. There was an increase in mortality in the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort only in the year following the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a disease associated with a range of potentially serious oesophageal complications and extra-oesophageal diseases.
@article{ruigomez_natural_2004,
title = {Natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosed in general practice},
volume = {20},
issn = {0269-2813},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02169.x},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies indicate that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms have a prevalence of 10-20\% in Western countries and are associated with obesity, smoking, oesophagitis, chest pain and respiratory disease.
AIM: To determine the natural history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presenting in primary care in the UK.
METHODS: Patients with a first diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease during 1996 were identified in the UK General Practice Research Database and compared with age- and sex-matched controls. We investigated the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, potential risk factors and comorbidities, and relative risk for subsequent oesophageal complications and mortality.
RESULTS: The incidence of a gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis was 4.5 per 1000 person-years (95\% confidence interval: 4.4-4.7). Prior use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, smoking, excess body weight and gastrointestinal and cardiac conditions were associated with an increased risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease diagnosis. Subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease had an increased risk of respiratory problems, chest pain and angina in the year after diagnosis, and had a relative risk of 11.5 (95\% confidence interval: 5.9-22.3) of being diagnosed with an oesophageal complication. There was an increase in mortality in the gastro-oesophageal reflux disease cohort only in the year following the diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a disease associated with a range of potentially serious oesophageal complications and extra-oesophageal diseases.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {Alimentary Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
author = {Ruigómez, A. and García Rodríguez, L. A. and Wallander, M.-A. and Johansson, S. and Graffner, H. and Dent, J.},
month = oct,
year = {2004},
pmid = {15379835},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Antirheumatic Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Family Practice, Female, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrates, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Risk Factors, Steroids},
pages = {751--760}
}2003 (6)
Medical outcome of pregnancy in women with psychotic disorders and their infants in the first year after birth. Howard, L. M., Goss, C., Leese, M., & Thornicroft, G. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 182:63--67, January, 2003.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: There has been little research into the health of infants of women with psychotic disorders. AIMS: To investigate the antenatal care of mothers with a history of psychotic disorders, obstetric outcomes and the subsequent health of their babies. METHOD: A matched, controlled cohort study was carried out using the General Practice Research Database. Women with a history of a psychotic disorder, who gave birth in 1996-1998, were compared with women matched for age and general practice (199 cases and 787 controls) and their infants. RESULTS: Cases had a higher proportion of stillbirths (OR=4.03, 95% CI 1.14-4.25, P=0.03) and neonatal deaths (P\textless0.001). There was no difference in gestational age at antenatal booking. Mothers with psychotic disorders were less likely than controls to attend for infant immunisations 90-270 days after birth (RR=0.94, 95% CI 0.88-0.99, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the rates of accidents and hospital contacts for infants. CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in women with a history of psychotic disorder, and it is therefore important for health care professionals to focus on optimal obstetric care. The physical health of babies who live with mothers with psychotic disorders is not significantly different from that of matched baby controls.
@article{howard_medical_2003,
title = {Medical outcome of pregnancy in women with psychotic disorders and their infants in the first year after birth},
volume = {182},
issn = {0007-1250},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There has been little research into the health of infants of women with psychotic disorders.
AIMS: To investigate the antenatal care of mothers with a history of psychotic disorders, obstetric outcomes and the subsequent health of their babies.
METHOD: A matched, controlled cohort study was carried out using the General Practice Research Database. Women with a history of a psychotic disorder, who gave birth in 1996-1998, were compared with women matched for age and general practice (199 cases and 787 controls) and their infants.
RESULTS: Cases had a higher proportion of stillbirths (OR=4.03, 95\% CI 1.14-4.25, P=0.03) and neonatal deaths (P{\textless}0.001). There was no difference in gestational age at antenatal booking. Mothers with psychotic disorders were less likely than controls to attend for infant immunisations 90-270 days after birth (RR=0.94, 95\% CI 0.88-0.99, P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the rates of accidents and hospital contacts for infants.
CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in women with a history of psychotic disorder, and it is therefore important for health care professionals to focus on optimal obstetric care. The physical health of babies who live with mothers with psychotic disorders is not significantly different from that of matched baby controls.},
language = {eng},
journal = {The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science},
author = {Howard, Louise M. and Goss, Claudia and Leese, Morven and Thornicroft, Graham},
month = jan,
year = {2003},
pmid = {12509320},
keywords = {Accidents, Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Case-Control Studies, Female, Fetal Death, Gestational Age, Hospitalization, Humans, Immunization, Infant, Newborn, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Outcome, Prenatal Care, Psychotic Disorders, Smoking, pregnancy},
pages = {63--67}
}Population screening in the age of genomic medicine. Khoury, M., J., McCabe, L., L., & McCabe, E., R. N Engl J Med, 348(1):50-58, 2003.
Paper bibtex
Paper bibtex @article{
title = {Population screening in the age of genomic medicine},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
keywords = {*Genetic Screening/ethics/legislation & jurisprude,*Neonatal Screening/ethics/legislation & jurisprud,Adult,Child,Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis/genetics,Factor V/genetics,Female,Genomics,Hemochromatosis/diagnosis/genetics,Heterozygote,Human,Infant, Newborn,Point Mutation,Tay-Sachs Disease/diagnosis/genetics},
pages = {50-58},
volume = {348},
id = {4a011104-dc6c-3027-acd0-5bcf83e843dd},
created = {2017-06-19T13:44:20.292Z},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:20.533Z},
tags = {03/09/17},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
notes = {<m:note>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Tutorial</m:note>},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Khoury, M J and McCabe, L L and McCabe, E R},
journal = {N Engl J Med},
number = {1}
}MMR vaccine and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura. Black, C., Kaye, J. A., & Jick, H. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 55(1):107--111, January, 2003.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
AIMS: To estimate the relationship between idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) and the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in children; calculating the relative risk estimate for ITP with in 6 weeks after MMR vaccination and the attributable risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database we identified children with a first-time diagnosis of ITP from a base population of children aged less than 6 years between January 1988 and December 1999. After describing the characteristics of all the children identified with ITP, we focused on cases aged 13-24 months to perform a population-based, case-control analysis to estimate the relative risk of developing ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. We also calculated the risk of ITP attributable to the MMR vaccination. RESULTS: Sixty-three children with a first time diagnosis of ITP were identified; 23 cases were between 13 and 24 months old. The relative risk estimate for ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination, compared to the combined group of unvaccinated children and children vaccinated with MMR more than 26 weeks previously was 6.3 (95% CI 1.3-30.1). The attributable risk of developing ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination was estimated to be 1 in 25,000 vaccinations (95% confidence interval 21,300, 89,400). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the increased risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. However, the attributable risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination is low.
@article{black_mmr_2003,
title = {{MMR} vaccine and idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura},
volume = {55},
issn = {0306-5251},
abstract = {AIMS: To estimate the relationship between idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura (ITP) and the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination in children; calculating the relative risk estimate for ITP with in 6 weeks after MMR vaccination and the attributable risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination.
METHODS: Using the General Practice Research Database we identified children with a first-time diagnosis of ITP from a base population of children aged less than 6 years between January 1988 and December 1999. After describing the characteristics of all the children identified with ITP, we focused on cases aged 13-24 months to perform a population-based, case-control analysis to estimate the relative risk of developing ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. We also calculated the risk of ITP attributable to the MMR vaccination.
RESULTS: Sixty-three children with a first time diagnosis of ITP were identified; 23 cases were between 13 and 24 months old. The relative risk estimate for ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination, compared to the combined group of unvaccinated children and children vaccinated with MMR more than 26 weeks previously was 6.3 (95\% CI 1.3-30.1). The attributable risk of developing ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination was estimated to be 1 in 25,000 vaccinations (95\% confidence interval 21,300, 89,400).
CONCLUSION: This study confirms the increased risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination. However, the attributable risk of ITP within 6 weeks after MMR vaccination is low.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology},
author = {Black, Corri and Kaye, James A. and Jick, Hershel},
month = jan,
year = {2003},
pmid = {12534647},
pmcid = {PMC1884189},
keywords = {Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine, Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic, Risk Factors},
pages = {107--111}
}Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Dupre, N., Howard, H., C., Mathieu, J., Karpati, G., Vanasse, M., Bouchard, J., P., Carpenter, S., & Rouleau, G., A. Ann Neurol, 54(1):9-18, 2003.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (OMIM 218000) is an autosomal recessive disease of early onset characterized by a delay in developmental milestones, a severe sensory-motor polyneuropathy with areflexia, a variable degree of agenesis of the corpus callosum, amyotrophy, hypotonia, and cognitive impairment. Although this disorder has rarely been reported worldwide, it has a high prevalence in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of the province of Quebec (Canada) predominantly because of a founder effect. The gene defect responsible for this disorder recently has been identified, and it is a protein-truncating mutation in the SLC12A6 gene, which codes for a cotransporter protein known as KCC3. Herein, we provide the first extensive review of this disorder, covering epidemiological, clinical, and molecular genetic studies.
@article{
title = {Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Atrophy/pathology,Brachial Plexus Neuritis/epidemiology,Brain/pathology,Child,Child, Preschool,Cognition Disorders/epidemiology,Comorbidity,Corpus Callosum/*abnormalities,Electromyography,Exons/genetics,Female,Gene Deletion,Genotype,Hereditary Motor and Sensory,Homozygote,Human,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Median Nerve/physiopathology,Muscle Hypotonia/epidemiology,Neural Conduction/physiology,Neuropathies/epidemiology/*genetics/physiopatholog,Point Mutation/genetics,Quebec/epidemiology,Reflex, Abnormal/physiology,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Symporters/genetics},
pages = {9-18},
volume = {54},
id = {99285bba-7525-3fd4-81d8-6fb91fc4d581},
created = {2017-06-19T13:45:18.932Z},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:19.076Z},
tags = {04/09/01},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
notes = {<m:note>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review of Reported Cases</m:note>},
abstract = {Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum (OMIM 218000) is an autosomal recessive disease of early onset characterized by a delay in developmental milestones, a severe sensory-motor polyneuropathy with areflexia, a variable degree of agenesis of the corpus callosum, amyotrophy, hypotonia, and cognitive impairment. Although this disorder has rarely been reported worldwide, it has a high prevalence in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of the province of Quebec (Canada) predominantly because of a founder effect. The gene defect responsible for this disorder recently has been identified, and it is a protein-truncating mutation in the SLC12A6 gene, which codes for a cotransporter protein known as KCC3. Herein, we provide the first extensive review of this disorder, covering epidemiological, clinical, and molecular genetic studies.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Dupre, N and Howard, H C and Mathieu, J and Karpati, G and Vanasse, M and Bouchard, J P and Carpenter, S and Rouleau, G A},
journal = {Ann Neurol},
number = {1}
}Ependymomas. Chamberlain, M., C. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 3(3):193-9, 5, 2003.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Ependymomas are uncommon neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), and as a consequence, few randomized, clinical trials have been performed, thereby limiting treatment guidelines. A review of the literature would permit the following conclusions regarding treatment. The best management of newly diagnosed ependymoma entails a complete resection corroborated by postoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If an incomplete resection is documented, a second attempt at gross total resection should be considered, given the prognostic significance of complete resection. Small volume residual disease is best managed with involved-field radiotherapy unless postoperative staging (cerebrospinal fluid cytology, neuraxis MRI) documents metastatic disease, which is best managed by craniospinal irradiation. The role of chemotherapy is uncertain and in general would be reserved for patients having previously failed surgery and radiotherapy. Disease-free survival following recurrence is unusual (<15% at 5 years) and suggests intensification of initial adjuvant treatment may best prevent relapse.
@article{
title = {Ependymomas},
type = {article},
year = {2003},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Antineoplastic Agents,Antineoplastic Agents: classification,Antineoplastic Agents: therapeutic use,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: diagnosis,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Child,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: diagnosis,Ependymoma: therapy,Glioma,Humans,Infant,Prognosis,Recurrence,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: diagnosis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: therapy,Subependymal,Subependymal: diagnosis,Subependymal: therapy},
pages = {193-9},
volume = {3},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12691623},
month = {5},
id = {e5669e52-f651-371d-ae56-38f784ccde2c},
created = {2013-09-13T22:55:29.000Z},
file_attached = {true},
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group_id = {a484ae4c-fcac-3c7e-9ac3-3fad0df719a2},
last_modified = {2014-11-22T16:36:56.000Z},
read = {true},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Ependymomas are uncommon neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), and as a consequence, few randomized, clinical trials have been performed, thereby limiting treatment guidelines. A review of the literature would permit the following conclusions regarding treatment. The best management of newly diagnosed ependymoma entails a complete resection corroborated by postoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If an incomplete resection is documented, a second attempt at gross total resection should be considered, given the prognostic significance of complete resection. Small volume residual disease is best managed with involved-field radiotherapy unless postoperative staging (cerebrospinal fluid cytology, neuraxis MRI) documents metastatic disease, which is best managed by craniospinal irradiation. The role of chemotherapy is uncertain and in general would be reserved for patients having previously failed surgery and radiotherapy. Disease-free survival following recurrence is unusual (<15% at 5 years) and suggests intensification of initial adjuvant treatment may best prevent relapse.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Chamberlain, Marc C},
journal = {Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports},
number = {3}
}Early-life exposure to antibacterials and the subsequent development of hayfever in childhood in the UK: case-control studies using the General Practice Research Database and the Doctors' Independent Network. Bremner, S. A., Carey, I. M., DeWilde, S., Richards, N., Maier, W. C., Hilton, S. R., Strachan, D. P., & Cook, D. G. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 33(11):1518--1525, November, 2003.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Theoretically, antibacterial agents in early life might influence allergic sensitization in two ways: (i) as an indicator of infectious illness, they might be expected to protect against allergy; (ii) alternatively they might increase the risk through effects on the commensal bowel flora. Epidemiological evidence linking the prescription of antibacterial agents in early life to the subsequent development of hayfever is conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To establish definitively whether an association exists between early-life antibacterial exposure and childhood hayfever diagnosis. METHODS: Nested case-control studies were based on birth cohorts of children identified within two large UK general practice databases of electronic patient records. One hundred and sixteen thousand and four hundred and ninety-three children from 605 general practices were identified as being continuously registered from birth to at least age 5 years. Seven thousand and ninety-eight cases were diagnosed with hayfever after the age of 2 years. One control per case was matched for practice, birth month, sex and still being registered on case diagnosis date. Odds ratios were derived from conditional logistic regressions within each database followed by pooling using a fixed-effect model. RESULTS: The pooled odds ratio for hayfever was 1.11, 95% CI (1.03-1.20) if exposed to antibacterials in the first year of life, 1.35 (1.25-1.46) in year 2 and 1.47 (1.37-1.59) in year 3. Adjusting for consultation frequency reduced these odds ratios to 0.92, 1.05 and 1.10, respectively. There was no evidence that broader spectrum antibacterials, exposure in any specific month of year 1 or in the grass pollen season influenced the risk of hayfever. CONCLUSION: These data exclude any important effect of antibacterial exposure in infancy on subsequent hayfever risk. Associations reported in earlier studies have likely been exaggerated through publication bias and by lack of control for the tendency of some families to consult frequently for a range of conditions.
@article{bremner_early-life_2003,
title = {Early-life exposure to antibacterials and the subsequent development of hayfever in childhood in the {UK}: case-control studies using the {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database} and the {Doctors}' {Independent} {Network}},
volume = {33},
issn = {0954-7894},
shorttitle = {Early-life exposure to antibacterials and the subsequent development of hayfever in childhood in the {UK}},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Theoretically, antibacterial agents in early life might influence allergic sensitization in two ways: (i) as an indicator of infectious illness, they might be expected to protect against allergy; (ii) alternatively they might increase the risk through effects on the commensal bowel flora. Epidemiological evidence linking the prescription of antibacterial agents in early life to the subsequent development of hayfever is conflicting.
OBJECTIVE: To establish definitively whether an association exists between early-life antibacterial exposure and childhood hayfever diagnosis.
METHODS: Nested case-control studies were based on birth cohorts of children identified within two large UK general practice databases of electronic patient records. One hundred and sixteen thousand and four hundred and ninety-three children from 605 general practices were identified as being continuously registered from birth to at least age 5 years. Seven thousand and ninety-eight cases were diagnosed with hayfever after the age of 2 years. One control per case was matched for practice, birth month, sex and still being registered on case diagnosis date. Odds ratios were derived from conditional logistic regressions within each database followed by pooling using a fixed-effect model.
RESULTS: The pooled odds ratio for hayfever was 1.11, 95\% CI (1.03-1.20) if exposed to antibacterials in the first year of life, 1.35 (1.25-1.46) in year 2 and 1.47 (1.37-1.59) in year 3. Adjusting for consultation frequency reduced these odds ratios to 0.92, 1.05 and 1.10, respectively. There was no evidence that broader spectrum antibacterials, exposure in any specific month of year 1 or in the grass pollen season influenced the risk of hayfever.
CONCLUSION: These data exclude any important effect of antibacterial exposure in infancy on subsequent hayfever risk. Associations reported in earlier studies have likely been exaggerated through publication bias and by lack of control for the tendency of some families to consult frequently for a range of conditions.},
language = {eng},
number = {11},
journal = {Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
author = {Bremner, S. A. and Carey, I. M. and DeWilde, S. and Richards, N. and Maier, W. C. and Hilton, S. R. and Strachan, D. P. and Cook, D. G.},
month = nov,
year = {2003},
pmid = {14616863},
keywords = {Age Factors, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Drug Prescriptions, Family Practice, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Odds Ratio, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Publication Bias, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Risk Factors},
pages = {1518--1525}
}2002 (2)
What is the Birth Defect Risk Associated With Consanguineous Marriages ?. Zlotogora, J. American journal of medical genetics, 109(1):70-71, 2002.
Paper bibtex
Paper bibtex @article{
title = {What is the Birth Defect Risk Associated With Consanguineous Marriages ?},
type = {article},
year = {2002},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Consanguinity,Abnormalities/*genetics,Child,Female,Human,Infant,Male,Preschool,Risk Factors},
pages = {70-71},
volume = {109},
id = {f8021355-3e47-3c4b-b4f4-b8bb58d6fc41},
created = {2017-06-19T13:42:00.462Z},
file_attached = {true},
profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:00.784Z},
tags = {04/11/22},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
notes = {<m:note> <m:bold>From Duplicate 1 ( </m:bold> <m:bold> </m:bold><m:bold><m:italic>What is the birth defect risk associated with consanguineous marriages?</m:italic></m:bold><m:bold> </m:bold> <m:bold> - Zlotogora, J )<m:linebreak/> </m:bold> <m:linebreak/>Case Reports<m:linebreak/>Letter<m:linebreak/> <m:linebreak/> </m:note>},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Zlotogora, Joël},
journal = {American journal of medical genetics},
number = {1}
}Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease: a birth cohort study with the West Midlands General Practice Research Database. McKeever, T. M., Lewis, S. A., Smith, C., Collins, J., Heatlie, H., Frischer, M., & Hubbard, R. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 109(1):43--50, January, 2002.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the rise in prevalence of allergic disease in westernized countries is due in part to a decrease in exposure to infections and an increase in the use of antibiotics early in life. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the relationships between (1) exposure to personal infections, infections in siblings, and use of antibiotics in early life and (2) the incidence of allergic disease. METHODS: Using the West Midlands section of the UK General Practice Research Database, we established a historical birth cohort of children (N = 29,238). For each child, we identified all personal infections and infections in siblings and determined the use of antibiotics in early life; we also noted incident diagnoses of asthma, eczema, and hay fever. The data were analyzed through use of Cox regression. RESULTS: There was no clear protective effect of exposure to either personal infections or infections in siblings with respect to the incidence of allergic disease. Antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic disease in a dose-related manner: having 4 or more courses of antibiotics in the first year of life was associated with an increased incidence of asthma (hazard ratio [HR], 3.13; 95% CI, 2.75-3.57), eczema (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.31-1.68), and hay fever (HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.68-2.66). However, adjusting for consulting behavior reduced these effects (adjusted HR [95% CI]: asthma, 1.99 [1.72-2.31]; eczema, 1.01 [0.88-1.17]; hay fever, 1.14 [0.88-1.47]). CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that exposure to infections reduced the incidence of allergic disease, and infections did not explain the previous findings of a strong birth order effect in this cohort. The use of antibiotics might be associated with early diagnoses of allergic disease.
@article{mckeever_early_2002,
title = {Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease: a birth cohort study with the {West} {Midlands} {General} {Practice} {Research} {Database}},
volume = {109},
issn = {0091-6749},
shorttitle = {Early exposure to infections and antibiotics and the incidence of allergic disease},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the rise in prevalence of allergic disease in westernized countries is due in part to a decrease in exposure to infections and an increase in the use of antibiotics early in life.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the relationships between (1) exposure to personal infections, infections in siblings, and use of antibiotics in early life and (2) the incidence of allergic disease.
METHODS: Using the West Midlands section of the UK General Practice Research Database, we established a historical birth cohort of children (N = 29,238). For each child, we identified all personal infections and infections in siblings and determined the use of antibiotics in early life; we also noted incident diagnoses of asthma, eczema, and hay fever. The data were analyzed through use of Cox regression.
RESULTS: There was no clear protective effect of exposure to either personal infections or infections in siblings with respect to the incidence of allergic disease. Antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of developing allergic disease in a dose-related manner: having 4 or more courses of antibiotics in the first year of life was associated with an increased incidence of asthma (hazard ratio [HR], 3.13; 95\% CI, 2.75-3.57), eczema (HR, 1.48; 95\% CI, 1.31-1.68), and hay fever (HR, 2.12; 95\% CI, 1.68-2.66). However, adjusting for consulting behavior reduced these effects (adjusted HR [95\% CI]: asthma, 1.99 [1.72-2.31]; eczema, 1.01 [0.88-1.17]; hay fever, 1.14 [0.88-1.47]).
CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that exposure to infections reduced the incidence of allergic disease, and infections did not explain the previous findings of a strong birth order effect in this cohort. The use of antibiotics might be associated with early diagnoses of allergic disease.},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
journal = {The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
author = {McKeever, Tricia M. and Lewis, Sarah A. and Smith, Chris and Collins, Juliet and Heatlie, Heath and Frischer, Martin and Hubbard, Richard},
month = jan,
year = {2002},
pmid = {11799364},
keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Infant, Male, Prospective Studies, databases as topic, incidence, infection},
pages = {43--50}
}2001 (7)
Endemic stability--a veterinary idea applied to human public health. Coleman, P. G., Perry, B. D., & Woolhouse, M. E. Lancet (London, England), 357(9264):1284--1286, April, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Endemic stability is an epidemiological state of a population, in which clinical disease is scarce despite high level of infection. The notion was developed to describe patterns of tick-borne disease in cattle. However, we propose a general model of endemic stability that is applicable to a broader range of diseases that are important in public health, including malaria, rubella, and mumps. We postulate that endemic stability requires only that (1) the probability, or severity, of clinical disease after infection increases with age, and (2) after one infection, the probability that subsequent infections result in disease is reduced. We present these criteria in simple mathematical terms. Our hypothesis predicts that partial disease control activities might, under certain circumstances, lead to an increase in disease incidence. We discuss the implications for public health interventions.
@article{coleman_endemic_2001,
title = {Endemic stability--a veterinary idea applied to human public health.},
volume = {357},
issn = {0140-6736 0140-6736},
abstract = {Endemic stability is an epidemiological state of a population, in which clinical disease is scarce despite high level of infection. The notion was developed to describe patterns of tick-borne disease in cattle. However, we propose a general model of endemic stability that is applicable to a broader range of diseases that are important in public health, including malaria, rubella, and mumps. We postulate that endemic stability requires only that (1) the probability, or severity, of clinical disease after infection increases with age, and (2) after one infection, the probability that subsequent infections result in disease is reduced. We present these criteria in simple mathematical terms. Our hypothesis predicts that partial disease control activities might, under certain circumstances, lead to an increase in disease incidence. We discuss the implications for public health interventions.},
language = {eng},
number = {9264},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
author = {Coleman, P. G. and Perry, B. D. and Woolhouse, M. E.},
month = apr,
year = {2001},
pmid = {11418173},
keywords = {*Endemic Diseases, *Epidemiologic Methods, *Models, Theoretical, *Public Health, Age Distribution, Animals, Child, Preschool, Communicable Diseases/*epidemiology/etiology, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn},
pages = {1284--1286}
}Objects and attention: The state of the art. Scholl, B. J. Cognition, 80(1-2):1-46, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such 'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts, and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood, including the question of how attended objects are individuated in time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.
@Article{Scholl2001b,
author = {B. J. Scholl},
journal = {Cognition},
title = {Objects and attention: {T}he state of the art.},
year = {2001},
number = {1-2},
pages = {1-46},
volume = {80},
abstract = {What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding
that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent
work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete
objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such
'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate
to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts,
and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood,
including the question of how attended objects are individuated in
time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions
and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues
beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory
objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.},
keywords = {80 and over, Adenoviridae, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attention, Auditory Perception, Biopsy, Bone Nails, Bone Neoplasms, Bone Screws, Bone Transplantation, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Comparative Study, Concept Formation, Constriction, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, Femoral Neoplasms, Femur Head, Femur Neck, Fibula, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Gene Expression, Gene Transfer Techniques, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hepatitis, Homologous, Humans, Inbred Strains, Infant, Injections, Internal, Intramedullary, Intravenous, Judgment, Knee Joint, Liver, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Meta-Analysis, Middle Aged, Models, Motion, Motion Perception, Needle, Neoplasms, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Perceptual Distortion, Portal Vein, Preschool, Problem Solving, Psychological, Radiation-Induced, Rats, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Second Primary, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Perception, Space Perception, Spontaneous, Squamous Cell, Students, Time Factors, Tomography, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, X-Ray Computed, 11245838},
}Molecular genetic alterations on chromosomes 11 and 22 in ependymomas. Lamszus, K., Lachenmayer, L., Heinemann, U., Kluwe, L., Finckh, U., Höppner, W., Stavrou, D., Fillbrandt, R., & Westphal, M. International journal of cancer, 91(6):803-8, 3, 2001.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells at different locations throughout the brain and spinal cord. These tumors have a broad age distribution with a range from less than 1 year to more than 80 years. In some intramedullary spinal ependymomas, mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 22q have been described. Cytogenetic studies have also identified alterations involving chromosome arm 11q, including rearrangements at 11q13, in ependymomas. We analyzed 21 intramedullary spinal, 14 ventricular, 11 filum terminale and 6 intracerebral ependymomas for mutations in the MEN1 gene, which is located at 11q13, and mutations in the NF2 gene, which is located at 22q12, as well as for LOH on 11q and 22q. NF2 mutations were found in 6 tumors, all of which were intramedullary spinal and all of which displayed LOH 22q. Allelic loss on 22q was found in 20 cases and was significantly more frequent in intramedullary spinal ependymomas than in tumors in other locations. LOH 11q was found in 7 patients and exhibited a highly significant inverse association with LOH 22q (p<0.001). A hemizygous MEN1 mutation was identified in 3 tumors, all of which were recurrences from the same patient. Interestingly, the initial tumor corresponded to WHO grade II and displayed LOH 11q but not yet a MEN1 mutation. In 2 subsequent recurrences, the tumor had progressed to anaplastic ependymoma (WHO grade III) and exhibited a nonsense mutation in exon 10 of MEN1 (W471X) in conjunction with LOH 11q. This suggests that loss of wild-type MEN1 may be involved in the malignant progression of a subset of ependymomas. To conclude, our findings provide evidence for different genetic pathways involved in ependymoma formation and progression, which may allow to define genetically and clinically distinct tumor entities.
@article{
title = {Molecular genetic alterations on chromosomes 11 and 22 in ependymomas},
type = {article},
year = {2001},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Alleles,Base Sequence,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: genetics,Child,Chromosome Deletion,Chromosomes,DNA,DNA Primers,DNA Primers: chemistry,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: genetics,Ependymoma: pathology,Female,Genes,Human,Humans,Infant,Loss of Heterozygosity,Male,Microsatellite Repeats,Middle Aged,Mutation,Neoplasm Proteins,Neoplasm Proteins: genetics,Neurofibromatosis 2,Neurofibromatosis 2: genetics,Newborn,Pair 11,Pair 11: genetics,Pair 22,Pair 22: genetics,Polymerase Chain Reaction,Preschool,Proto-Oncogene Proteins,Sequence Analysis,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: genetics},
pages = {803-8},
volume = {91},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11275983},
month = {3},
day = {15},
id = {7d56c6a1-5e17-379e-ab86-667dcf2ce1cd},
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abstract = {Ependymomas arise from the ependymal cells at different locations throughout the brain and spinal cord. These tumors have a broad age distribution with a range from less than 1 year to more than 80 years. In some intramedullary spinal ependymomas, mutations in the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 22q have been described. Cytogenetic studies have also identified alterations involving chromosome arm 11q, including rearrangements at 11q13, in ependymomas. We analyzed 21 intramedullary spinal, 14 ventricular, 11 filum terminale and 6 intracerebral ependymomas for mutations in the MEN1 gene, which is located at 11q13, and mutations in the NF2 gene, which is located at 22q12, as well as for LOH on 11q and 22q. NF2 mutations were found in 6 tumors, all of which were intramedullary spinal and all of which displayed LOH 22q. Allelic loss on 22q was found in 20 cases and was significantly more frequent in intramedullary spinal ependymomas than in tumors in other locations. LOH 11q was found in 7 patients and exhibited a highly significant inverse association with LOH 22q (p<0.001). A hemizygous MEN1 mutation was identified in 3 tumors, all of which were recurrences from the same patient. Interestingly, the initial tumor corresponded to WHO grade II and displayed LOH 11q but not yet a MEN1 mutation. In 2 subsequent recurrences, the tumor had progressed to anaplastic ependymoma (WHO grade III) and exhibited a nonsense mutation in exon 10 of MEN1 (W471X) in conjunction with LOH 11q. This suggests that loss of wild-type MEN1 may be involved in the malignant progression of a subset of ependymomas. To conclude, our findings provide evidence for different genetic pathways involved in ependymoma formation and progression, which may allow to define genetically and clinically distinct tumor entities.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lamszus, K and Lachenmayer, L and Heinemann, U and Kluwe, L and Finckh, U and Höppner, W and Stavrou, D and Fillbrandt, R and Westphal, M},
journal = {International journal of cancer},
number = {6}
}Patterns of prescribing of nutritional supplements in the United Kingdom. Gale, C. R., Edington, J., Coles, S. J., & Martyn, C. N. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 20(4):333--337, August, 2001.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A large number of prescriptions are issued for nutritional supplements under British National Formulary classifications 9.4.1 (foods for special diets) and 9.4.2 (enteral feeds), but little is known about the characteristics of the patients who receive them. We used the General Practice Research Database to examine patterns of prescribing of these supplements. METHODS: We selected patients who had been prescribed supplements under classifications 9.4.1 and 9.4.2 during 1996-1997. Descriptive statistics were used to examine how prescribing varied. RESULTS: 28644 patients received prescriptions during 1996-1997. Among the 27413 (96%) patients prescribed supplements for oral use, 14750 received supplements for enteral nutrition alone, 8122 received supplements for special diets alone and 4541 had both types of supplement. 51% of patients receiving supplements for special diets were \textless18 years. The commonest diagnoses among such children were milk intolerance (24%) and malnutrition (17%). 94% of patients receiving supplements for enteral nutrition were adult, 52% of whom had cancer or cardiovascular disease. Only 4% of patients had weight and height recorded prior to first prescription. CONCLUSIONS: The GPRD provides valuable information on the characteristics of patients prescribed nutritional supplements. But because only limited data are available on their nutritional status prior to supplementation, it is hard to assess whether general practitioners are prescribing these supplements appropriately.
@article{gale_patterns_2001,
title = {Patterns of prescribing of nutritional supplements in the {United} {Kingdom}},
volume = {20},
issn = {0261-5614},
doi = {10.1054/clnu.2001.0396},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A large number of prescriptions are issued for nutritional supplements under British National Formulary classifications 9.4.1 (foods for special diets) and 9.4.2 (enteral feeds), but little is known about the characteristics of the patients who receive them. We used the General Practice Research Database to examine patterns of prescribing of these supplements.
METHODS: We selected patients who had been prescribed supplements under classifications 9.4.1 and 9.4.2 during 1996-1997. Descriptive statistics were used to examine how prescribing varied.
RESULTS: 28644 patients received prescriptions during 1996-1997. Among the 27413 (96\%) patients prescribed supplements for oral use, 14750 received supplements for enteral nutrition alone, 8122 received supplements for special diets alone and 4541 had both types of supplement. 51\% of patients receiving supplements for special diets were {\textless}18 years. The commonest diagnoses among such children were milk intolerance (24\%) and malnutrition (17\%). 94\% of patients receiving supplements for enteral nutrition were adult, 52\% of whom had cancer or cardiovascular disease. Only 4\% of patients had weight and height recorded prior to first prescription.
CONCLUSIONS: The GPRD provides valuable information on the characteristics of patients prescribed nutritional supplements. But because only limited data are available on their nutritional status prior to supplementation, it is hard to assess whether general practitioners are prescribing these supplements appropriately.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
author = {Gale, C. R. and Edington, J. and Coles, S. J. and Martyn, C. N.},
month = aug,
year = {2001},
pmid = {11478831},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Databases, Factual, Dietary Supplements, Drug Prescriptions, Enteral Nutrition, Family Practice, Female, Food, Formulated, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Great Britain, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Disorders, Nutritional Status, Physician's Practice Patterns},
pages = {333--337}
}Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in England and Wales, 1994-1998: analysis of data from the general practice research database. Majeed, A., Moser, K., & Carroll, K. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 86(3):284--288, September, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in England and Wales, and examine trends in its treatment with warfarin and aspirin between 1994 and 1998. DESIGN: Analysis of data from the general practice research database. SETTING: England and Wales. PATIENTS: 1.4 million patients registered with 211 general practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex specific prevalence rates of atrial fibrillation; percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants or aspirin. RESULTS: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in 1998 was 12.1/1000 in men and 12.7/1000 in women. Prevalence increased from less than 1/1000 in under 35 year olds to over 100/1000 in those aged 85 years and over. There was a 22% increase in the age standardised prevalence of atrial fibrillation in men and a 14% increase in women between 1994 and 1998. The percentage of patients prescribed oral anticoagulants increased from 20% to 34% in men and from 17% to 25% in women. The percentage of men with atrial fibrillation prescribed aspirin increased from 26% to 36%, and the percentage of women increased from 24% to 36%. Applying the age and sex specific prevalence and treatment rates to the population gives an estimate of around 650 000 cases of atrial fibrillation in England and Wales. The greatest number of cases occurs in the 75-84 year old age group. CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients in the community with identified atrial fibrillation is increasing. There has also been a pronounced increase in the percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed oral anticoagulants or aspirin.
@article{majeed_trends_2001,
title = {Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in {England} and {Wales}, 1994-1998: analysis of data from the general practice research database},
volume = {86},
issn = {1468-201X},
shorttitle = {Trends in the prevalence and management of atrial fibrillation in general practice in {England} and {Wales}, 1994-1998},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in England and Wales, and examine trends in its treatment with warfarin and aspirin between 1994 and 1998.
DESIGN: Analysis of data from the general practice research database.
SETTING: England and Wales.
PATIENTS: 1.4 million patients registered with 211 general practices.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex specific prevalence rates of atrial fibrillation; percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral anticoagulants or aspirin.
RESULTS: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in 1998 was 12.1/1000 in men and 12.7/1000 in women. Prevalence increased from less than 1/1000 in under 35 year olds to over 100/1000 in those aged 85 years and over. There was a 22\% increase in the age standardised prevalence of atrial fibrillation in men and a 14\% increase in women between 1994 and 1998. The percentage of patients prescribed oral anticoagulants increased from 20\% to 34\% in men and from 17\% to 25\% in women. The percentage of men with atrial fibrillation prescribed aspirin increased from 26\% to 36\%, and the percentage of women increased from 24\% to 36\%. Applying the age and sex specific prevalence and treatment rates to the population gives an estimate of around 650 000 cases of atrial fibrillation in England and Wales. The greatest number of cases occurs in the 75-84 year old age group.
CONCLUSIONS: The number of patients in the community with identified atrial fibrillation is increasing. There has also been a pronounced increase in the percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation prescribed oral anticoagulants or aspirin.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Heart (British Cardiac Society)},
author = {Majeed, A. and Moser, K. and Carroll, K.},
month = sep,
year = {2001},
pmid = {11514479},
pmcid = {PMC1729916},
keywords = {Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Atrial Fibrillation, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Wales, Warfarin},
pages = {284--288}
}On a common circle: Natural scenes and Gestalt rules. Sigman, M, Cecchi, G., Gilbert, C., & Magnasco, M. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98(4):1935-40, 2001.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule, cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes, and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early vision.
@Article{Sigman2001,
author = {M Sigman and GA Cecchi and CD Gilbert and MO Magnasco},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
title = {On a common circle: {N}atural scenes and {G}estalt rules.},
year = {2001},
number = {4},
pages = {1935-40},
volume = {98},
abstract = {To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential
to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural
images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish
them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric
regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present
in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the
presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene
carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative
positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations
in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole
visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule,
cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes,
and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences
in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric
features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We
discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early
vision.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.031571498},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, 11172054},
}Inequalities in treated heart disease and mental illness in England and Wales, 1994-1998. Moser, K. The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 51(467):438--444, June, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
BACKGROUND: Current government policy is directed towards reducing inequalities in health. General practice is increasingly the focus for health care provision in the United Kingdom and it is therefore important to understand the relationship between socioeconomic factors and health at the general practice level. A deprivation measure was used for the area in which the practice is located and two key priority areas were focused upon: mental health and heart disease. AIM: To explore the relationship between area deprivation and the prevalence of treated heart disease and mental illness in England and Wales. DESIGN OF STUDY: Analysis of data from medical records from practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database. SETTING: A total of 211 practices located in England and Wales. METHOD: The data from the practices were used to examine deprivation differentials in treated disease prevalence rates. RESULTS: There are strong deprivation gradients (highest prevalence in the most deprived category) for treated depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, coronary heart disease and non-insulin-treated diabetes. In general the deprivation differentials are wider in the middle of the age range. Women aged 35 to 64 years in the most deprived areas had rates of treated coronary heart disease two to three times those in the least deprived areas. Men aged 25 to 44 years in the most deprived areas had rates of treated depression 50% higher than those in the least deprived areas. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified wide deprivation differentials in the prevalence of treated mental illness and heart disease. If all of England and Wales experienced the rates of the least deprived fifth of the population then the number of people being treated for depression, anxiety, and coronary heart disease would fall by 10%, 16%, and 11% respectively.
@article{moser_inequalities_2001,
title = {Inequalities in treated heart disease and mental illness in {England} and {Wales}, 1994-1998},
volume = {51},
issn = {0960-1643},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current government policy is directed towards reducing inequalities in health. General practice is increasingly the focus for health care provision in the United Kingdom and it is therefore important to understand the relationship between socioeconomic factors and health at the general practice level. A deprivation measure was used for the area in which the practice is located and two key priority areas were focused upon: mental health and heart disease.
AIM: To explore the relationship between area deprivation and the prevalence of treated heart disease and mental illness in England and Wales.
DESIGN OF STUDY: Analysis of data from medical records from practices contributing to the General Practice Research Database.
SETTING: A total of 211 practices located in England and Wales.
METHOD: The data from the practices were used to examine deprivation differentials in treated disease prevalence rates.
RESULTS: There are strong deprivation gradients (highest prevalence in the most deprived category) for treated depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, coronary heart disease and non-insulin-treated diabetes. In general the deprivation differentials are wider in the middle of the age range. Women aged 35 to 64 years in the most deprived areas had rates of treated coronary heart disease two to three times those in the least deprived areas. Men aged 25 to 44 years in the most deprived areas had rates of treated depression 50\% higher than those in the least deprived areas.
CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified wide deprivation differentials in the prevalence of treated mental illness and heart disease. If all of England and Wales experienced the rates of the least deprived fifth of the population then the number of people being treated for depression, anxiety, and coronary heart disease would fall by 10\%, 16\%, and 11\% respectively.},
language = {eng},
number = {467},
journal = {The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners},
author = {Moser, K.},
month = jun,
year = {2001},
pmid = {11407047},
pmcid = {PMC1314023},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, England, Female, Health Services Accessibility, Heart Diseases, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mental Disorders, Middle Aged, Poverty, Poverty Areas, Prevalence, Residence Characteristics, Wales},
pages = {438--444}
}2000 (5)
Multivariate frailty model with a major gene: application to genealogical data. Begun, A., Desjardins, B., Iachine, I., & Yashin, A. Stud Health Technol Inform, 77:412-416, 2000.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Multivariate survival models are shown to be appropriate for the analysis of the genetic and the environmental nature of a human life-span. Models which involve continuously distributed individual frailty, play an important role in the genetic analysis of an individual's susceptibility to disease and death. These models, however, are not appropriate for the detection of the effects of separate genes on survival. For this purpose we developed a 'major gene' frailty model of multivariate survival and applied it to simulated and real pedigree data. The analysis shows that this model can be used for the detection of the presence of major genes in the population and for the evaluation of the effects of such genes on survival.
@article{
title = {Multivariate frailty model with a major gene: application to genealogical data},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,*Models, Genetic,Adolescent,Adult,Alleles,Child,Child, Preschool,Female,Genotype,Humans,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Mathematical Computing,Multivariate Analysis,Quebec,Risk,Software,Survival Analysis},
pages = {412-416},
volume = {77},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11187585},
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notes = {<m:note>0926-9630<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
abstract = {Multivariate survival models are shown to be appropriate for the analysis of the genetic and the environmental nature of a human life-span. Models which involve continuously distributed individual frailty, play an important role in the genetic analysis of an individual's susceptibility to disease and death. These models, however, are not appropriate for the detection of the effects of separate genes on survival. For this purpose we developed a 'major gene' frailty model of multivariate survival and applied it to simulated and real pedigree data. The analysis shows that this model can be used for the detection of the presence of major genes in the population and for the evaluation of the effects of such genes on survival.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Begun, A and Desjardins, B and Iachine, I and Yashin, A},
journal = {Stud Health Technol Inform}
}Combined treatment of fourth ventricle ependymomas: report of 26 cases. Spagnoli, D., Tomei, G., Ceccarelli, G., Grimoldi, N., Lanterna, A., Bello, L., Sinisi, M., M., De Santis, A., & Villani, R., M. Surgical Neurology, 54(1):19-26; discussion 26, 7, 2000.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex This study investigated the relevance of prognostic factors and the impact of histological features in posterior fossa ependymoma.
@article{
title = {Combined treatment of fourth ventricle ependymomas: report of 26 cases},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: th,Brain Neoplasms,Brain Neoplasms: mortality,Brain Neoplasms: pathology,Brain Neoplasms: therapy,Child,Combined Modality Therapy,Cranial Fossa,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: pathology,Ependymoma: therapy,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Fourth Ventricle,Fourth Ventricle: radiation effects,Fourth Ventricle: surgery,Humans,Infant,Male,Middle Aged,Posterior,Posterior: radiation effects,Posterior: surgery,Preschool,Radiotherapy Dosage,Retrospective Studies,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome},
pages = {19-26; discussion 26},
volume = {54},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11024503},
month = {7},
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abstract = {This study investigated the relevance of prognostic factors and the impact of histological features in posterior fossa ependymoma.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Spagnoli, D and Tomei, G and Ceccarelli, G and Grimoldi, N and Lanterna, A and Bello, L and Sinisi, M M and De Santis, A and Villani, R M},
journal = {Surgical Neurology},
number = {1}
}Familial cancer risks to offspring from mothers with 2 primary breast cancers: leads to cancer syndromes. Hemminki, K., Vaittinen, P., & Easton, D. Int J Cancer, 88(1):87-91., 2000.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse the risk of cancer among the offspring of bilateral breast cancer patients. We studied 4,734 such mothers who had 9,391 offspring, of whom 328 presented with a primary cancer in the years 1958-1996. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were increased for breast [SIR 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-3.59], ovarian (SIR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.05) and anogenital (SIR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.63) cancers and childhood sarcomas (SIR 9.39, 95% CI 1.93-29.13). Additionally, squamous-cell skin cancer was increased among sons and all childhood cancers among daughters. When analysed by histological type, adenocarcinomas of the breast and ovary, all squamous-cell carcinomas and tumours at glandular epithelium (seminomas and intestinal carcinoids) were increased. Mothers with bilateral breast cancer had an excess of 2 or more children with cancer. The increased risk of ovarian cancer is consistent with germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, while the risk of soft tissue and bone sarcomas may reflect the association of these tumours with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The increases in squamous-cell carcinomas at many sites may reflect a new susceptibility syndrome.
@article{
title = {Familial cancer risks to offspring from mothers with 2 primary breast cancers: leads to cancer syndromes},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescence,Adult,Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics,Child,Child, Preschool,Databases, Factual,Family Health,Female,Human,Incidence,Infant,Infant, Newborn,Male,Middle Age,Mothers,Neoplasms, Second Primary/epidemiology/*genetics,Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics,Risk Factors,Socioeconomic Factors,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Sweden/epidemiology},
pages = {87-91.},
volume = {88},
id = {588e6ac8-7072-3509-b985-6895b25455d2},
created = {2017-06-19T13:44:44.036Z},
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hidden = {false},
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notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
abstract = {The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database was used to analyse the risk of cancer among the offspring of bilateral breast cancer patients. We studied 4,734 such mothers who had 9,391 offspring, of whom 328 presented with a primary cancer in the years 1958-1996. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were increased for breast [SIR 3.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57-3.59], ovarian (SIR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.05) and anogenital (SIR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11-2.63) cancers and childhood sarcomas (SIR 9.39, 95% CI 1.93-29.13). Additionally, squamous-cell skin cancer was increased among sons and all childhood cancers among daughters. When analysed by histological type, adenocarcinomas of the breast and ovary, all squamous-cell carcinomas and tumours at glandular epithelium (seminomas and intestinal carcinoids) were increased. Mothers with bilateral breast cancer had an excess of 2 or more children with cancer. The increased risk of ovarian cancer is consistent with germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, while the risk of soft tissue and bone sarcomas may reflect the association of these tumours with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The increases in squamous-cell carcinomas at many sites may reflect a new susceptibility syndrome.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Hemminki, K and Vaittinen, P and Easton, D},
journal = {Int J Cancer},
number = {1}
}Natural selection and sex differences in morbidity and mortality in early life. Wells, J., C. Journal of theoretical biology, 202(1):65-76, 1, 2000.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex Both morbidity and mortality are consistently reported to be higher in males than in females in early life, but no explanation for these findings has been offered. This paper argues that the sex difference in early vulnerability can be attributed to the natural selection of optimal maternal strategies for maximizing lifetime reproductive success, as modelled previously by Trivers and Willard. These authors theorized that males and females offer different returns on parental investment depending on the state of the environment. Natural selection has therefore favoured maternal ability to manipulate offspring sex in response to environmental conditions in early life, as shown in variation in the sex ratio at birth. This argument can be extended to the whole period of parental investment until weaning. Male vulnerability in response to environmental stress in early life is predicted to have been favoured by natural selection. This vulnerability is most evident in the harsh conditions resulting from pre-term birth, but can also be seen in term infants, and manifests as greater morbidity and mortality persisting into early childhood. Malnutrition, interacting with infection after birth, is suggested as the fundamental trigger mechanism. The model suggests that whatever improvements are made in medical care, any environmental stress will always affect males more severely than females in early life.
@article{
title = {Natural selection and sex differences in morbidity and mortality in early life.},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Bacterial Infections,Bacterial Infections: mortality,Environment,Female,Humans,Infant Mortality,Infant, Newborn,Infant, Premature,Male,Morbidity,Nutrition Disorders,Nutrition Disorders: mortality,Selection, Genetic,Sex Ratio},
pages = {65-76},
volume = {202},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10623500},
month = {1},
day = {7},
id = {c7ae321d-1047-3c50-9895-f4dc5921672f},
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abstract = {Both morbidity and mortality are consistently reported to be higher in males than in females in early life, but no explanation for these findings has been offered. This paper argues that the sex difference in early vulnerability can be attributed to the natural selection of optimal maternal strategies for maximizing lifetime reproductive success, as modelled previously by Trivers and Willard. These authors theorized that males and females offer different returns on parental investment depending on the state of the environment. Natural selection has therefore favoured maternal ability to manipulate offspring sex in response to environmental conditions in early life, as shown in variation in the sex ratio at birth. This argument can be extended to the whole period of parental investment until weaning. Male vulnerability in response to environmental stress in early life is predicted to have been favoured by natural selection. This vulnerability is most evident in the harsh conditions resulting from pre-term birth, but can also be seen in term infants, and manifests as greater morbidity and mortality persisting into early childhood. Malnutrition, interacting with infection after birth, is suggested as the fundamental trigger mechanism. The model suggests that whatever improvements are made in medical care, any environmental stress will always affect males more severely than females in early life.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Wells, J C},
journal = {Journal of theoretical biology},
number = {1}
}Data mining applied to linkage disequilibrium mapping. Toivonen, H., T., Onkamo, P., Vasko, K., Ollikainen, V., Sevon, P., Mannila, H., Herr, M., & Kere, J. Am J Hum Genet, 67(1):133-45., 2000.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We introduce a new method for linkage disequilibrium mapping: haplotype pattern mining (HPM). The method, inspired by data mining methods, is based on discovery of recurrent patterns. We define a class of useful haplotype patterns in genetic case-control data and use the algorithm for finding disease-associated haplotypes. The haplotypes are ordered by their strength of association with the phenotype, and all haplotypes exceeding a given threshold level are used for prediction of disease susceptibility-gene location. The method is model-free, in the sense that it does not require (and is unable to utilize) any assumptions about the inheritance model of the disease. The statistical model is nonparametric. The haplotypes are allowed to contain gaps, which improves the method's robustness to mutations and to missing and erroneous data. Experimental studies with simulated microsatellite and SNP data show that the method has good localization power in data sets with large degrees of phenocopies and with lots of missing and erroneous data. The power of HPM is roughly identical for marker maps at a density of 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms/cM or 1 microsatellite/cM. The capacity to handle high proportions of phenocopies makes the method promising for complex disease mapping. An example of correct disease susceptibility-gene localization with HPM is given with real marker data from families from the United Kingdom affected by type 1 diabetes. The method is extendable to include environmental covariates or phenotype measurements or to find several genes simultaneously.
@article{
title = {Data mining applied to linkage disequilibrium mapping},
type = {article},
year = {2000},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adolescence,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Algorithms,Alleles,Child,Child, Preschool,Chromosome Mapping/*methods/statistics & numerical,Computer Simulation,Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent/genetics,Female,Founder Effect,Genes, Dominant/genetics,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics,Great Britain,HLA Antigens/genetics,Haplotypes/*genetics,Human,Infant,Linkage Disequilibrium/*genetics,Male,Microsatellite Repeats/genetics,Middle Age,Models, Genetic,Mutation/genetics,Phenotype,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics,Statistics, Nonparametric,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't},
pages = {133-45.},
volume = {67},
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starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
source_type = {Journal Article},
notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
abstract = {We introduce a new method for linkage disequilibrium mapping: haplotype pattern mining (HPM). The method, inspired by data mining methods, is based on discovery of recurrent patterns. We define a class of useful haplotype patterns in genetic case-control data and use the algorithm for finding disease-associated haplotypes. The haplotypes are ordered by their strength of association with the phenotype, and all haplotypes exceeding a given threshold level are used for prediction of disease susceptibility-gene location. The method is model-free, in the sense that it does not require (and is unable to utilize) any assumptions about the inheritance model of the disease. The statistical model is nonparametric. The haplotypes are allowed to contain gaps, which improves the method's robustness to mutations and to missing and erroneous data. Experimental studies with simulated microsatellite and SNP data show that the method has good localization power in data sets with large degrees of phenocopies and with lots of missing and erroneous data. The power of HPM is roughly identical for marker maps at a density of 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms/cM or 1 microsatellite/cM. The capacity to handle high proportions of phenocopies makes the method promising for complex disease mapping. An example of correct disease susceptibility-gene localization with HPM is given with real marker data from families from the United Kingdom affected by type 1 diabetes. The method is extendable to include environmental covariates or phenotype measurements or to find several genes simultaneously.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Toivonen, H T and Onkamo, P and Vasko, K and Ollikainen, V and Sevon, P and Mannila, H and Herr, M and Kere, J},
journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
number = {1}
}1999 (1)
Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal. Ramus, F., Nespor, M., & Mehler, J. Cognition, 73(3):265-92, 1999.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Spoken languages have been classified by linguists according to their rhythmic properties, and psycholinguists have relied on this classification to account for infants' capacity to discriminate languages. Although researchers have measured many speech signal properties, they have failed to identify reliable acoustic characteristics for language classes. This paper presents instrumental measurements based on a consonant/vowel segmentation for eight languages. The measurements suggest that intuitive rhythm types reflect specific phonological properties, which in turn are signaled by the acoustic/phonetic properties of speech. The data support the notion of rhythm classes and also allow the simulation of infant language discrimination, consistent with the hypothesis that newborns rely on a coarse segmentation of speech. A hypothesis is proposed regarding the role of rhythm perception in language acquisition.
@Article{Ramus1999,
author = {F. Ramus and M. Nespor and J. Mehler},
journal = {Cognition},
title = {Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal.},
year = {1999},
number = {3},
pages = {265-92},
volume = {73},
abstract = {Spoken languages have been classified by linguists according to their
rhythmic properties, and psycholinguists have relied on this classification
to account for infants' capacity to discriminate languages. Although
researchers have measured many speech signal properties, they have
failed to identify reliable acoustic characteristics for language
classes. This paper presents instrumental measurements based on a
consonant/vowel segmentation for eight languages. The measurements
suggest that intuitive rhythm types reflect specific phonological
properties, which in turn are signaled by the acoustic/phonetic properties
of speech. The data support the notion of rhythm classes and also
allow the simulation of infant language discrimination, consistent
with the hypothesis that newborns rely on a coarse segmentation of
speech. A hypothesis is proposed regarding the role of rhythm perception
in language acquisition.},
keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Language, Language Development, Male, Newborn, Phonetics, Psycholinguistics, Sound Spectrography, Speech Acoustics, 10585517},
}1997 (1)
Postoperative radiotherapy of spinal and intracranial ependymomas: analysis of prognostic factors. Stüben, G., Stuschke, M., Kroll, M., Havers, W., & Sack, H. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 45(1):3-10, 10, 1997.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Postoperative radiation therapy adds significantly to disease control and survival of patients with ependymoma. However, much controversy exists about the radiation treatment policy. We report the long-term results of a cohort of 56 patients with primary intracranial and spinal ependymomas. Special effort has been taken to define prognostic indicators as a basis for future treatment strategies.
@article{
title = {Postoperative radiotherapy of spinal and intracranial ependymomas: analysis of prognostic factors},
type = {article},
year = {1997},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adjuvant,Adolescent,Adult,Aged,Child,Disease-Free Survival,Ependymoma,Ependymoma: mortality,Ependymoma: radiotherapy,Ependymoma: surgery,Female,Follow-Up Studies,Humans,Infant,Infratentorial Neoplasms,Infratentorial Neoplasms: mortality,Infratentorial Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Infratentorial Neoplasms: surgery,Male,Middle Aged,Multivariate Analysis,Preschool,Prognosis,Radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: mortality,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Spinal Cord Neoplasms: surgery,Supratentorial Neoplasms,Supratentorial Neoplasms: mortality,Supratentorial Neoplasms: radiotherapy,Supratentorial Neoplasms: surgery,Survival Rate,Treatment Outcome},
pages = {3-10},
volume = {45},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9364625},
month = {10},
id = {87860b46-5742-39ca-a2b8-956b96b23280},
created = {2013-08-05T21:04:27.000Z},
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last_modified = {2014-12-29T19:36:50.000Z},
read = {true},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Postoperative radiation therapy adds significantly to disease control and survival of patients with ependymoma. However, much controversy exists about the radiation treatment policy. We report the long-term results of a cohort of 56 patients with primary intracranial and spinal ependymomas. Special effort has been taken to define prognostic indicators as a basis for future treatment strategies.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Stüben, G and Stuschke, M and Kroll, M and Havers, W and Sack, H},
journal = {Radiotherapy and Oncology},
number = {1}
}1995 (1)
The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders. Jick, H., Myers, M. W., & Dean, A. D. Pharmacotherapy, 15(2):176--181, April, 1995.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.
@article{jick_risk_1995,
title = {The risk of sulfasalazine- and mesalazine-associated blood disorders},
volume = {15},
issn = {0277-0008},
abstract = {Sulfasalazine (SASP) has often been reported to cause serious blood disorders, particularly agranulocytosis; however, little quantitative information is available to estimate the risk or to identify possible modifiers of the risk. We used comprehensive clinical information recorded on office computers by selected general practitioners in Britain to conduct a follow-up study of some 10,000 users of SASP and some 4000 users of mesalazine to estimate the risk of blood disorders associated with these drugs. Overall, the frequency of blood disorders attributable to SASP was 27/10,332 (2.6/1000 users). The risk for SASP users who were treated for arthritic disorders (6.1/1000 users) was some 10 times higher than that for users who were treated for inflammatory bowel disease (0.6/1000 users). There were no cases of blood disorders in users of mesalazine.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Pharmacotherapy},
author = {Jick, H. and Myers, M. W. and Dean, A. D.},
month = apr,
year = {1995},
pmid = {7624265},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Agranulocytosis, Aminosalicylic Acids, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Arthritis, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Great Britain, Hematologic Diseases, Humans, Infant, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Male, Mesalamine, Middle Aged, Product Surveillance, Postmarketing, Risk Factors, Sulfasalazine},
pages = {176--181}
}1993 (1)
Exploring models for the length of stay distribution. Ruffieux, C, Marazzi, A, & Paccaud, F Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, 38(2):77–82, 1993.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) are frequently used to standardize the comparison of consumption variables, such as length of stay (LOS). In order to be reliable, this comparison must control for the presence of outliers, i.e. values far removed from the pattern set by the majority of the data. Indeed, outliers can distort the usual statistical summaries, such as means and variances. A common practice is to trim LOS values according to various empirical rules, but there is little theoretical support for choosing between alternative procedures. This pilot study explores the possibility of describing LOS distributions with parametric models which provide the necessary framework for the use of robust methods.
@article{ruffieux_exploring_1993,
title = {Exploring models for the length of stay distribution},
volume = {38},
issn = {0303-8408},
abstract = {Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) are frequently used to standardize the comparison of consumption variables, such as length of stay (LOS). In order to be reliable, this comparison must control for the presence of outliers, i.e. values far removed from the pattern set by the majority of the data. Indeed, outliers can distort the usual statistical summaries, such as means and variances. A common practice is to trim LOS values according to various empirical rules, but there is little theoretical support for choosing between alternative procedures. This pilot study explores the possibility of describing LOS distributions with parametric models which provide the necessary framework for the use of robust methods.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Sozial- und Präventivmedizin},
author = {Ruffieux, C and Marazzi, A and Paccaud, F},
year = {1993},
pmid = {8322525},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis-Related Groups, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Pilot Projects, Switzerland},
pages = {77--82}
}1990 (1)
What is the Clinical Role of Aerosolized Ribavirin?. Hebert M.F. & Guglielmo B.J. 1990.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Aerosolized ribavirin is the first approved agent for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. However, the clinical use of ribavirin is controversial. Although ribavirin-treated patients appear to be subjectively improved, the benefit in terms of decreased morbidity and mortality is not well established. Furthermore, the drug has been found to be teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, depending upon the scientific model. Because of its unique mode of administration, environmental exposure of healthcare personnel and other patients may occur. Although administration in mechanically ventilated patients decreases the amount of ribavirin liberated into the atmosphere, the drug crystallizes in the endotracheal tube, occasionally resulting in reduced ventilation. The lack of data documenting efficacy and the above environmental concerns result in difficult decisions for hospitals. Further studies are necessary to clarify the value and safety of ribavirin in the treatment of RSV infection. Copyright © 1990, © 1990 SAGE Publications.
@misc{hebert_m.f._what_1990,
title = {What is the {Clinical} {Role} of {Aerosolized} {Ribavirin}?},
url = {http://aop.sagepub.com/content/by/year},
abstract = {Aerosolized ribavirin is the first approved agent for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. However, the clinical use of ribavirin is controversial. Although ribavirin-treated patients appear to be subjectively improved, the benefit in terms of decreased morbidity and mortality is not well established. Furthermore, the drug has been found to be teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic, depending upon the scientific model. Because of its unique mode of administration, environmental exposure of healthcare personnel and other patients may occur. Although administration in mechanically ventilated patients decreases the amount of ribavirin liberated into the atmosphere, the drug crystallizes in the endotracheal tube, occasionally resulting in reduced ventilation. The lack of data documenting efficacy and the above environmental concerns result in difficult decisions for hospitals. Further studies are necessary to clarify the value and safety of ribavirin in the treatment of RSV infection. Copyright © 1990, © 1990 SAGE Publications.},
journal = {Annals of Pharmacotherapy},
author = {{Hebert M.F.} and {Guglielmo B.J.}},
year = {1990},
keywords = {*aerosol, *ribavirin, *ribavirin/ad [Drug Administration], *ribavirin/ae [Adverse Drug Reaction], *ribavirin/cm [Drug Comparison], *ribavirin/pd [Pharmacology], *ribavirin/pe [Pharmacoeconomics], *ribavirin/po [Oral Drug Administration], Pharmacokinetics, arterial oxygen tension, article, artificial ventilation, atmosphere, clinical article, clinical trial, crystallization, disease severity, drug cost, drug efficacy, drug therapy, dyspnea/si [Side Effect], endotracheal tube, environmental exposure, health care personnel, hospital, hospital admission, hospitalization, human, infant, lung function test, morbidity, mortality, placebo, priority journal, respiratory syncytial virus infection, safety, teratogenesis, treatment duration, ventilated patient, wheezing/si [Side Effect]}
}1989 (2)
Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital. Moore, M. L. & Bailey, R. R. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 102(878):557–558, October, 1989.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.
@article{moore_hyperkalaemia_1989,
title = {Hyperkalaemia in patients in hospital},
volume = {102},
issn = {0028-8446},
abstract = {A survey of all laboratory blood specimens with a plasma potassium concentration greater than or equal to 5.5 mmol/L was conducted over a three month period. Of 331 specimens with hyperkalaemia, 71 were excluded because the specimens was haemolysed, old or contaminated. The laboratory served a population of 348,561 and during this time measured the plasma potassium on 25,016 occasions. Sixty-six outpatients and 20 neonates were not evaluated. The survey was undertaken on 86 of 102 inpatients (46 males), 48 of whom were over 66 years of age. Fifty-seven patients were admitted under a medical service and 29 under a surgical service. Fifty-nine had a single episode of hyperkalaemia. Thirty-two underwent a surgical procedure. The commonest contributing factor was impaired renal function which was present in 71 (83\%) patients. Although a definitive causative role for drugs could be identified in only five patients, in 52 (60\%) patients drugs were a contributing factor (potassium supplements 24, ACE inhibitors 16, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs 12). Thirty-five of the 86 (41\%) patients died during their hospital admission. Nineteen of the 35 deaths occurred within three days of the hyperkalaemia being recorded. A normal plasma potassium was eventually documented in 50 of the 86 patients. Of the remaining 36 patients, 25 (69\%) subsequently died. In general the treatment of patients with hyperkalaemia focused on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Hyperkalaemia must always be considered seriously and regard given to the overall clinical status of the patient, with particular attention to drug therapy, renal and cardiac function, acid base status and the possibility of sepsis.},
language = {eng},
number = {878},
journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
author = {Moore, M. L. and Bailey, R. R.},
month = oct,
year = {1989},
pmid = {2812582},
keywords = {Adolescent, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Hyperkalemia, Infant, Male, Medical Audit, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies, Sampling Studies, Time Factors},
pages = {557--558}
}Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat. McLean, J & Palmer, L. Vision Res, 29(6):675-9, 1989.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame. Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with a linear model for direction selectivity.
@Article{McLean1989,
author = {J McLean and LA Palmer},
journal = {Vision Res},
title = {Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat.},
year = {1989},
number = {6},
pages = {675-9},
volume = {29},
abstract = {We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive
fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike
trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright
and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame.
Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable
in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from
the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple
cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction
selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive
fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal
speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions
observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with
a linear model for direction selectivity.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, 2626824},
}1980 (1)
Emergency room care of the poisoned child. Greensher, J. & Mofenson, H. C. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 4(3):1--21, June, 1980.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{greensher_emergency_1980,
title = {Emergency room care of the poisoned child},
volume = {4},
issn = {0146-0862},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing},
author = {Greensher, J. and Mofenson, H. C.},
month = jun,
year = {1980},
pmid = {6900625},
keywords = {Antidotes, Child, Child, Preschool, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Service, Hospital, Household Products, Humans, Infant, Plant Poisoning, Poisoning},
pages = {1--21}
}1978 (1)
The treatment of poisoning. Arena, J. M. Clinical Symposia (Summit, N.J.: 1957), 30(2):1--47, 1978.
bibtex
bibtex
@article{arena_treatment_1978,
title = {The treatment of poisoning},
volume = {30},
issn = {0009-9295},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Clinical Symposia (Summit, N.J.: 1957)},
author = {Arena, J. M.},
year = {1978},
pmid = {753572},
keywords = {Acetaminophen, Acids, Antidotes, Aspirin, Barbiturates, Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning, Child, Child, Preschool, Digitalis Glycosides, Emetics, Gastric Lavage, Household Products, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Infant, Insecticides, Lye, Metals, Morphine, Oxalates, Plant Poisoning, Poisoning, Renal Dialysis, Rodenticides, Tranquilizing Agents},
pages = {1--47}
}1976 (1)
Rapid infusion of sodium bicarbonate and albumin into high-risk premature infants soon after birth: a controlled, prospective trial. Bland, R. D., Clarke, T. L., & Harden, L. B. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 124(3):263–267, February, 1976.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex