Keyword: memory
2021 (1)
Identifying the Impact of Game Music both Within and Beyond Gameplay. Tuuri, K., Koskela, O., Vahlo, J., & Tissari, H. In Baalsrud Hauge, J., C. S. Cardoso, J., Roque, L., & Gonzalez-Calero, P. A., editors, Entertainment Computing – ICEC 2021, volume 13056, pages 411–418. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2021. Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
![Identifying the Impact of Game Music both Within and Beyond Gameplay [link]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/link.svg "link")
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex 2020 (2)
Dissociating memory accessibility and precision in forgetting. Berens, S. C., Richards, B. A., & Horner, A. J. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(8):866–877, 2020. Publisher: Springer US
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Abstract: Forgetting involves the loss of information over time; however, we know little about what form this information loss takes. Do memories become less precise over time, or do they instead become less accessible? Here we assessed memory for word–location associations across four days, testing whether forgetting involves losses in precision versus accessibility and whether such losses are modulated by learning a generalizable pattern. We show that forgetting involves losses in memory accessibility with no changes in memory precision. When participants learned a set of related word–location associations that conformed to a general pattern, we saw a strong trade-off; accessibility was enhanced, whereas precision was reduced. However, this trade-off did not appear to be modulated by time or confer a long-term increase in the total amount of information maintained in memory. Our results place theoretical constraints on how models of forgetting and generalization account for time-dependent memory processes. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 4 June 2019. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4368464.v1.
@article{berens_dissociating_2020,
title = {Dissociating memory accessibility and precision in forgetting},
volume = {4},
issn = {23973374},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0888-8},
doi = {10.1038/s41562-020-0888-8},
abstract = {Abstract: Forgetting involves the loss of information over time; however, we know little about what form this information loss takes. Do memories become less precise over time, or do they instead become less accessible? Here we assessed memory for word–location associations across four days, testing whether forgetting involves losses in precision versus accessibility and whether such losses are modulated by learning a generalizable pattern. We show that forgetting involves losses in memory accessibility with no changes in memory precision. When participants learned a set of related word–location associations that conformed to a general pattern, we saw a strong trade-off; accessibility was enhanced, whereas precision was reduced. However, this trade-off did not appear to be modulated by time or confer a long-term increase in the total amount of information maintained in memory. Our results place theoretical constraints on how models of forgetting and generalization account for time-dependent memory processes. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 4 June 2019. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4368464.v1.},
number = {8},
journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},
author = {Berens, Sam C. and Richards, Blake A. and Horner, Aidan J.},
year = {2020},
pmid = {32514041},
note = {Publisher: Springer US},
keywords = {Memory, read},
pages = {866--877},
}Embracing Change: Continual Learning in Deep Neural Networks. Hadsell, R., Rao, D., Rusu, A. A., & Pascanu, R. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(12):1028–1040, December, 2020.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Artificial intelligence research has seen enormous progress over the past few decades, but it predominantly relies on fixed datasets and stationary environments. Continual learning is an increasingly relevant area of study that asks how artificial systems might learn sequentially, as biological systems do, from a continuous stream of correlated data. In the present review, we relate continual learning to the learning dynamics of neural networks, highlighting the potential it has to considerably improve data efficiency. We further consider the many new biologically inspired approaches that have emerged in recent years, focusing on those that utilize regularization, modularity, memory, and meta-learning, and highlight some of the most promising and impactful directions.
@article{hadsell_embracing_2020,
title = {Embracing {Change}: {Continual} {Learning} in {Deep} {Neural} {Networks}},
volume = {24},
issn = {1364-6613},
shorttitle = {Embracing {Change}},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661320302199},
doi = {10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.004},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence research has seen enormous progress over the past few decades, but it predominantly relies on fixed datasets and stationary environments. Continual learning is an increasingly relevant area of study that asks how artificial systems might learn sequentially, as biological systems do, from a continuous stream of correlated data. In the present review, we relate continual learning to the learning dynamics of neural networks, highlighting the potential it has to considerably improve data efficiency. We further consider the many new biologically inspired approaches that have emerged in recent years, focusing on those that utilize regularization, modularity, memory, and meta-learning, and highlight some of the most promising and impactful directions.},
language = {en},
number = {12},
urldate = {2023-03-05},
journal = {Trends in Cognitive Sciences},
author = {Hadsell, Raia and Rao, Dushyant and Rusu, Andrei A. and Pascanu, Razvan},
month = dec,
year = {2020},
keywords = {artificial intelligence, lifelong, memory, meta-learning, non-stationary},
pages = {1028--1040},
}2019 (5)
The spurious relationship between ecstasy use and neurocognitive deficits: A Bradford Hill review. Amoroso, T. International Journal of Drug Policy, 64:47-53, 2019.
Website abstract bibtex
Website abstract bibtex Numerous studies have suggested that MDMA can cause neurocognitive deficits. However, the available data can only suggest an association – rather than a causal relationship – between MDMA use and neurocognitive deficits. The reliability and robustness of this association was evaluated using Bradford Hill’s criteria for determining causation in epidemiology research. Several limitations in the literature were found. Studies have recruited people who abuse ecstasy – an illicit drug that does not always contain MDMA. There is inherent risk in consuming impure or falsely identified substances; and using this as a source as for scientific opinion may introduce biases in our understanding the actuals risks associated with MDMA. Importantly, given that ecstasy research is predominately retrospective, baseline functioning cannot be established; which may be influenced by a variety of preexisting factors. Many studies introduce statistical errors by inconsistently dichotomizing and comparing light and heavy ecstasy users, making dose-response relationships inconclusive. When interpreting the ecstasy literature effect sizes are a more meaningful indicator of neurocognitive functioning rather than relying on p-values alone. Most meta-analyses have failed to find clinically relevant differences between ecstasy users and controls. There is also consistent evidence of publication bias in this field of research, which indicates that the literature is both biased and incomplete. Finally, suggestions for improving the ecstasy literature are provided.
@article{
title = {The spurious relationship between ecstasy use and neurocognitive deficits: A Bradford Hill review},
type = {article},
year = {2019},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Cognitive function,Ecstasy,Executive function,MDMA,Memory,Methodological issues,Neurotoxicity,Study limitations},
pages = {47-53},
volume = {64},
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abstract = {Numerous studies have suggested that MDMA can cause neurocognitive deficits. However, the available data can only suggest an association – rather than a causal relationship – between MDMA use and neurocognitive deficits. The reliability and robustness of this association was evaluated using Bradford Hill’s criteria for determining causation in epidemiology research. Several limitations in the literature were found. Studies have recruited people who abuse ecstasy – an illicit drug that does not always contain MDMA. There is inherent risk in consuming impure or falsely identified substances; and using this as a source as for scientific opinion may introduce biases in our understanding the actuals risks associated with MDMA. Importantly, given that ecstasy research is predominately retrospective, baseline functioning cannot be established; which may be influenced by a variety of preexisting factors. Many studies introduce statistical errors by inconsistently dichotomizing and comparing light and heavy ecstasy users, making dose-response relationships inconclusive. When interpreting the ecstasy literature effect sizes are a more meaningful indicator of neurocognitive functioning rather than relying on p-values alone. Most meta-analyses have failed to find clinically relevant differences between ecstasy users and controls. There is also consistent evidence of publication bias in this field of research, which indicates that the literature is both biased and incomplete. Finally, suggestions for improving the ecstasy literature are provided.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Amoroso, Timothy},
journal = {International Journal of Drug Policy}
}How synesthesia may lead to enhanced memory. Gosavi, R. S. & Hubbard, E. M. Elsevier Inc., 2019. Publication Title: Multisensory Perception: From Laboratory to Clinic
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex In grapheme-color synesthesia, synesthetes reliably and automatically experience specific colors when viewing black-and-white graphemes. In this chapter, we review the impact of synesthesia on memory. Over 50 years of research has demonstrated that synesthetes have better long-term memory than nonsynesthetes. However, little is known about how synesthesia impacts earlier stages of memory. We explored whether the synesthetic advantage in long-term memory arises from advantages at earlier memory stages by testing the impact of grapheme-color synesthesia on three different stages of memory. We find a consistent synesthetic memory advantage and that this difference is greatest when people are asked to remember larger numbers of items. We argue that these advantages in early memory processing stages may be important for understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of long-term memory enhancement in synesthesia. Finally, we frame these findings in a novel recoding theory of synesthetic memory, which extends the classic dual-coding theory of memory.
@book{gosavi_how_2019,
title = {How synesthesia may lead to enhanced memory},
isbn = {978-0-12-812492-5},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812492-5.00014-0},
abstract = {In grapheme-color synesthesia, synesthetes reliably and automatically experience specific colors when viewing black-and-white graphemes. In this chapter, we review the impact of synesthesia on memory. Over 50 years of research has demonstrated that synesthetes have better long-term memory than nonsynesthetes. However, little is known about how synesthesia impacts earlier stages of memory. We explored whether the synesthetic advantage in long-term memory arises from advantages at earlier memory stages by testing the impact of grapheme-color synesthesia on three different stages of memory. We find a consistent synesthetic memory advantage and that this difference is greatest when people are asked to remember larger numbers of items. We argue that these advantages in early memory processing stages may be important for understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of long-term memory enhancement in synesthesia. Finally, we frame these findings in a novel recoding theory of synesthetic memory, which extends the classic dual-coding theory of memory.},
publisher = {Elsevier Inc.},
author = {Gosavi, Radhika S. and Hubbard, Edward M.},
year = {2019},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-812492-5.00014-0},
note = {Publication Title: Multisensory Perception: From Laboratory to Clinic},
keywords = {Audiovisual, Cognitive, Memory, Multisensory, Synesthesia/synaesthesia},
}A layover stop in the African American great migration: identity, ruination, and memory. Mah, A. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 42(13):2326–2332, October, 2019. Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2019.1605090
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex The famished soul: Resonance and relevance of the irish famine to Irish men’s accounts of hunger following immigration to england during the 1950s and 1960s. Maye-Banbury, A. Irish Studies Review, 27(2):195-216, Routledge, 2019.
![The famished soul: Resonance and relevance of the irish famine to Irish men’s accounts of hunger following immigration to england during the 1950s and 1960s [pdf]](https://bibbase.org/img/filetypes/pdf.svg "pdf")
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex This paper uses a hermeneutically informed analysis to reveal how Irish men’s accounts of acute hunger on arrival in England during the 1950s and 1960s resonate with archival oral accounts of the Great Hunger in Ireland during the 1840s. The paper makes the case for a new continuum of memory which foregrounds the corporeal and spiritual dimensions of acute food deprivation and its significance over space, place and time. I argue that a corporeal-spiritual medium of memory represents a two-sided reality, a pivotal yet nebulous point of contact which exemplifies our understanding of how discourses of hunger recounted over the course of a century help shape reconstructions of Irish sociocultural identity. The symbolic potency of hunger and particular foods to expose a distinct moral and social order during both time periods is examined. I also show how this more burnished and fluid medium of corporeal and spiritual memory highlights the importance of intracultural diglossia in respect of Irish sociocultural identity and with it, the interface between individual, collective and folk memory.
@article{
title = {The famished soul: Resonance and relevance of the irish famine to Irish men’s accounts of hunger following immigration to england during the 1950s and 1960s},
type = {article},
year = {2019},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Famine,Hunger,Irish,Memory,Oral history},
pages = {195-216},
volume = {27},
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abstract = {This paper uses a hermeneutically informed analysis to reveal how Irish men’s accounts of acute hunger on arrival in England during the 1950s and 1960s resonate with archival oral accounts of the Great Hunger in Ireland during the 1840s. The paper makes the case for a new continuum of memory which foregrounds the corporeal and spiritual dimensions of acute food deprivation and its significance over space, place and time. I argue that a corporeal-spiritual medium of memory represents a two-sided reality, a pivotal yet nebulous point of contact which exemplifies our understanding of how discourses of hunger recounted over the course of a century help shape reconstructions of Irish sociocultural identity. The symbolic potency of hunger and particular foods to expose a distinct moral and social order during both time periods is examined. I also show how this more burnished and fluid medium of corporeal and spiritual memory highlights the importance of intracultural diglossia in respect of Irish sociocultural identity and with it, the interface between individual, collective and folk memory.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Maye-Banbury, Angela},
journal = {Irish Studies Review},
number = {2}
}Cholecystokinin release triggered by NMDA receptors produces LTP and sound–sound associative memory. Chen, X., Li, X., Wong, Y. T., Zheng, X., Wang, H., Peng, Y., Feng, H., Feng, J., Baibado, J. T., Jesky, R., Wang, Z., Xie, H., Sun, W., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., He, L., Zhang, N., Zhang, Z., Tang, P., Su, J., Hu, L., Liu, Q., He, X., Tan, A., Sun, X., Li, M., Wong, K., Wang, X., Cheung, H., Shum, D. K., Yung, K. K. L., Chan, Y., Tortorella, M., Guo, Y., Xu, F., & He, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(13):6397, March, 2019. PMCID PMC6442640
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex 2018 (1)
The Adenosinergic Signaling: A Complex but Promising Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Cellai, L., Carvalho, K., Faivre, E., Deleau, A., Vieau, D., Buée, L., Blum, D., Mériaux, C., & Gomez-Murcia, V. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12:520, 2018.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people. AD is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and it is neuropathologically defined by two hallmarks: extracellular deposits of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and intraneuronal fibrillar aggregates of hyper- and abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins. AD results from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Epidemiological studies reported beneficial effects of caffeine, a non-selective adenosine receptors antagonist. In the present review, we discuss the impact of caffeine and of adenosinergic system modulation on AD, in terms of pathology and therapeutics.
@article{cellai_adenosinergic_2018,
title = {The {Adenosinergic} {Signaling}: {A} {Complex} but {Promising} {Therapeutic} {Target} for {Alzheimer}'s {Disease}},
volume = {12},
issn = {1662-4548},
shorttitle = {The {Adenosinergic} {Signaling}},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2018.00520},
abstract = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in elderly people. AD is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and it is neuropathologically defined by two hallmarks: extracellular deposits of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and intraneuronal fibrillar aggregates of hyper- and abnormally phosphorylated Tau proteins. AD results from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. Epidemiological studies reported beneficial effects of caffeine, a non-selective adenosine receptors antagonist. In the present review, we discuss the impact of caffeine and of adenosinergic system modulation on AD, in terms of pathology and therapeutics.},
language = {eng},
journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},
author = {Cellai, Lucrezia and Carvalho, Kevin and Faivre, Emilie and Deleau, Aude and Vieau, Didier and Buée, Luc and Blum, David and Mériaux, Céline and Gomez-Murcia, Victoria},
year = {2018},
pmid = {30123104},
pmcid = {PMC6085480},
keywords = {Alzheimer’s disease, caffeine, memory, adenosine, adenosine receptors},
pages = {520}
}2017 (1)
Enhancing consolidation of a rotational visuomotor adaptation task through acute exercise. Ferrer-Uris, B., Busquets, A., Lopez-Alonso, V., Fernandez-del-Olmo, M., & Angulo-Barroso, R. PLOS ONE, 12(4):e0175296, April, 2017. Publisher: Public Library of Science
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex We assessed the effect of a single bout of intense exercise on the adaptation and consolidation of a rotational visuomotor task, together with the effect of the order of exercise presentation relative to the learning task. Healthy adult participants (n = 29) were randomly allocated to one of three experimental groups: (1) exercise before task practice, (2) exercise after task practice, and (3) task practice only. After familiarization with the learning task, participants undertook a baseline practice set. Then, four 60° clockwise rotational sets were performed, comprising an adaptation set and three retention sets at 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days after the adaptation set. Depending on the experimental group, exercise was presented before or after the adaptation sets. We found that error reduction during adaptation was similar regardless of when exercise was presented. During retention, significant error reduction was found in the retention set at 1 h for both exercise groups, but this enhancement was not present during subsequent retention sets, with no differences present between exercise groups. We conclude that an acute bout of intense exercise could positively affect retention, although the order in which exercise is presented does not appear to influence its benefits during the early stages of consolidation.
@article{ferrer-uris_enhancing_2017,
title = {Enhancing consolidation of a rotational visuomotor adaptation task through acute exercise},
volume = {12},
issn = {1932-6203},
url = {https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0175296},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0175296},
abstract = {We assessed the effect of a single bout of intense exercise on the adaptation and consolidation of a rotational visuomotor task, together with the effect of the order of exercise presentation relative to the learning task. Healthy adult participants (n = 29) were randomly allocated to one of three experimental groups: (1) exercise before task practice, (2) exercise after task practice, and (3) task practice only. After familiarization with the learning task, participants undertook a baseline practice set. Then, four 60° clockwise rotational sets were performed, comprising an adaptation set and three retention sets at 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days after the adaptation set. Depending on the experimental group, exercise was presented before or after the adaptation sets. We found that error reduction during adaptation was similar regardless of when exercise was presented. During retention, significant error reduction was found in the retention set at 1 h for both exercise groups, but this enhancement was not present during subsequent retention sets, with no differences present between exercise groups. We conclude that an acute bout of intense exercise could positively affect retention, although the order in which exercise is presented does not appear to influence its benefits during the early stages of consolidation.},
language = {en},
number = {4},
urldate = {2021-04-24},
journal = {PLOS ONE},
author = {Ferrer-Uris, Blai and Busquets, Albert and Lopez-Alonso, Virginia and Fernandez-del-Olmo, Miguel and Angulo-Barroso, Rosa},
month = apr,
year = {2017},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {Exercise, Human learning, Learning, Long term memory, Memory, Memory consolidation, Physical activity, Reaction time},
pages = {e0175296},
}2016 (1)
Enhancing prefrontal neuron activity enables associative learning of temporally disparate events. Volle, J., Yu, X., Sun, H., Tanninen, S. E., Insel, N., & Takehara-Nishiuchi, K. Cell reports, 15(11):2400–2410, June, 2016. PMID 27264170
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
2015 (1)
A phase III randomized multicenter trial evaluating cognition in post-menopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonotherapy. Le Rhun, E., Delbeuck, X., Lefeuvre-Plesse, C., Kramar, A., Skrobala, E., Pasquier, F., & Bonneterre, J. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 152(3):569–580, August, 2015.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Cognitive impairment, especially verbal episodic memory and executive function impairments, has been considered to be a possible adverse effect of aromatase inhibitors (AI). This phase III open-label study compared the impact of tamoxifen and AI on verbal episodic memory (Rey auditory verbal learning test-RAVLT) and other cognitive functions (visual memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functions) after 6 and 12 months of treatment in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant hormonotherapy. Menopausal chemo-naïve patients with resectable breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) at the end of the radiotherapy to receive tamoxifen or AI. Neuropsychological assessments, self-reported quality of life, and depression assessments were performed at baseline, before any hormonal treatment, and at 6 and 12 months. Mixed design analysis models of variance was used to compare the evolution of the scores between the groups during follow-up. A total of 74 evaluable patients were enrolled (Tamoxifen arm, n = 37; AI arm, n = 37; letrozole n = 18; anastrozole n = 16; exemestane n = 3). The median age at inclusion was 61 years (range, minimum 49-maximum 69). The patient and breast cancer characteristics were well balanced between arms. After 6 months, no significant differential effect of AI or tamoxifen was observed on the RAVLT. Moreover, considering the other cognitive measures and the quality of life questionnaires, there were also no differences between the groups during the 1-year follow-up. In this study, AI has not demonstrated worse adverse effects on cognitive functions than tamoxifen during a 1-year follow-up.
@article{le_rhun_phase_2015,
title = {A phase {III} randomized multicenter trial evaluating cognition in post-menopausal breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant hormonotherapy},
volume = {152},
issn = {1573-7217},
doi = {10.1007/s10549-015-3493-1},
abstract = {Cognitive impairment, especially verbal episodic memory and executive function impairments, has been considered to be a possible adverse effect of aromatase inhibitors (AI). This phase III open-label study compared the impact of tamoxifen and AI on verbal episodic memory (Rey auditory verbal learning test-RAVLT) and other cognitive functions (visual memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functions) after 6 and 12 months of treatment in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant hormonotherapy. Menopausal chemo-naïve patients with resectable breast cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) at the end of the radiotherapy to receive tamoxifen or AI. Neuropsychological assessments, self-reported quality of life, and depression assessments were performed at baseline, before any hormonal treatment, and at 6 and 12 months. Mixed design analysis models of variance was used to compare the evolution of the scores between the groups during follow-up. A total of 74 evaluable patients were enrolled (Tamoxifen arm, n = 37; AI arm, n = 37; letrozole n = 18; anastrozole n = 16; exemestane n = 3). The median age at inclusion was 61 years (range, minimum 49-maximum 69). The patient and breast cancer characteristics were well balanced between arms. After 6 months, no significant differential effect of AI or tamoxifen was observed on the RAVLT. Moreover, considering the other cognitive measures and the quality of life questionnaires, there were also no differences between the groups during the 1-year follow-up. In this study, AI has not demonstrated worse adverse effects on cognitive functions than tamoxifen during a 1-year follow-up.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Breast Cancer Research and Treatment},
author = {Le Rhun, Emilie and Delbeuck, Xavier and Lefeuvre-Plesse, Claudia and Kramar, Andrew and Skrobala, Emilie and Pasquier, Florence and Bonneterre, Jacques},
month = aug,
year = {2015},
pmid = {26160250},
keywords = {Aged, Humans, Cognition Disorders, Female, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Quality of Life, Memory, Anastrozole, Androstadienes, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Aromatase Inhibitors, Breast Neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Letrozole, Nitriles, Postmenopause, Tamoxifen, Triazoles},
pages = {569--580}
}2014 (1)
Sensory memory of illusory depth in structure-from-motion. Pastukhov, A., Lissner, A., Füllekrug, J., & Braun, J. Attention, perception & psychophysics, 76(1):123-32, 1, 2014.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex When multistable displays (stimuli consistent with two or more equally plausible perceptual interpretations) are presented intermittently, their perceptions are stabilized by sensory memory. Independent memory traces are generated not only for different types of multistable displays (Maier, Wilke, Logothetis, & Leopold, Current Biology 13:1076-1085, 2003), but also for different ambiguous features of binocular rivalry (Pearson & Clifford, Journal of Vision 4:196-202, 2004). In the present study, we examined whether a similar independence of sensory memories is observed in structure-from-motion (SFM), a multistable display with two ambiguous properties. In SFM, a 2-D planar motion creates a vivid impression of a rotating 3-D volume. Both the illusory rotation and illusory depth (i.e., how close parts of an object appear to the observer) of an SFM object are ambiguous. We dissociated the sensory memories of these two ambiguous properties by using an intermittent presentation in combination with a forced-ambiguous-switch paradigm (Pastukhov, Vonau, & Braun, PLoS ONE 7:e37734, 2012). We demonstrated that the illusory depth of SFM generates a sensory memory trace that is independent from that of illusory rotation. Despite this independence, the specificities levels of the sensory memories were identical for illusory depth and illusory rotation. The history effect was weakened by a change in the volumetric property of a shape (whether it was a hollow band or a filled drum volume), but not by changes in color or size. We discuss how these new results constrain models of sensory memory and SFM processing.
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title = {Sensory memory of illusory depth in structure-from-motion.},
type = {article},
year = {2014},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adaptation,Analysis of Variance,Data Display,Depth Perception,Depth Perception: physiology,Figural Aftereffect,Figural Aftereffect: physiology,Healthy Volunteers,Humans,Illusions,Illusions: physiology,Memory,Memory: physiology,Motion,Motion Perception,Motion Perception: physiology,Physiological,Rotation,User-Computer Interface,Vision Disparity,Vision Disparity: physiology},
pages = {123-32},
volume = {76},
websites = {http://link.springer.com/10.3758/s13414-013-0557-3,http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24097015},
month = {1},
day = {5},
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hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Pastukhov2013},
abstract = {When multistable displays (stimuli consistent with two or more equally plausible perceptual interpretations) are presented intermittently, their perceptions are stabilized by sensory memory. Independent memory traces are generated not only for different types of multistable displays (Maier, Wilke, Logothetis, & Leopold, Current Biology 13:1076-1085, 2003), but also for different ambiguous features of binocular rivalry (Pearson & Clifford, Journal of Vision 4:196-202, 2004). In the present study, we examined whether a similar independence of sensory memories is observed in structure-from-motion (SFM), a multistable display with two ambiguous properties. In SFM, a 2-D planar motion creates a vivid impression of a rotating 3-D volume. Both the illusory rotation and illusory depth (i.e., how close parts of an object appear to the observer) of an SFM object are ambiguous. We dissociated the sensory memories of these two ambiguous properties by using an intermittent presentation in combination with a forced-ambiguous-switch paradigm (Pastukhov, Vonau, & Braun, PLoS ONE 7:e37734, 2012). We demonstrated that the illusory depth of SFM generates a sensory memory trace that is independent from that of illusory rotation. Despite this independence, the specificities levels of the sensory memories were identical for illusory depth and illusory rotation. The history effect was weakened by a change in the volumetric property of a shape (whether it was a hollow band or a filled drum volume), but not by changes in color or size. We discuss how these new results constrain models of sensory memory and SFM processing.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Pastukhov, Alexander and Lissner, Anna and Füllekrug, Jana and Braun, Jochen},
journal = {Attention, perception & psychophysics},
number = {1}
}2013 (4)
Education modifies the relation of vascular pathology to cognitive function: cognitive reserve in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. Zieren, N., Duering, M., Peters, N., Reyes, S., Jouvent, E., Herve, D., Gschwendtner, A., Mewald, Y., Opherk, C., Chabriat, H., & Dichgans, M. Neurobiol Aging, 34(2):400–7, February, 2013.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
A clinical impact of cognitive reserve (CR) has been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease, whereas its role in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of CR in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a genetic variant of pure VCI. A total of 247 NOTCH3 mutation carriers from a two-center study were investigated using detailed neuropsychological and neuroimaging protocols. CR was operationalized as years of formal education. Brain pathology was assessed by MRI using normalized brain volume and lacunar lesion volume as proxies. Multivariate analyses were done for each structural measure with scores of processing speed, executive function, and memory as dependent variables. Additional linear regression models were conducted with interaction terms for education x brain volume and education x lacunar lesion volume. Education had an independent impact on cognitive performance in subjects with mild and moderate degrees of brain pathology, whereas there was no significant influence of education on cognition in patients with severe MRI changes. This interaction was found for processing speed, the cognitive domain most impaired in our patients. Our findings demonstrate an interaction of education and brain pathology in regard to cognitive impairment: the effect of education seems most pronounced in early disease stages but may ultimately be overwhelmed by the pathological changes. The results extend the concept of CR to VCI.
@article{zieren_education_2013,
title = {Education modifies the relation of vascular pathology to cognitive function: cognitive reserve in cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy},
volume = {34},
issn = {1558-1497 (Electronic) 0197-4580 (Linking)},
doi = {10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.04.019},
abstract = {A clinical impact of cognitive reserve (CR) has been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease, whereas its role in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of CR in patients with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a genetic variant of pure VCI. A total of 247 NOTCH3 mutation carriers from a two-center study were investigated using detailed neuropsychological and neuroimaging protocols. CR was operationalized as years of formal education. Brain pathology was assessed by MRI using normalized brain volume and lacunar lesion volume as proxies. Multivariate analyses were done for each structural measure with scores of processing speed, executive function, and memory as dependent variables. Additional linear regression models were conducted with interaction terms for education x brain volume and education x lacunar lesion volume. Education had an independent impact on cognitive performance in subjects with mild and moderate degrees of brain pathology, whereas there was no significant influence of education on cognition in patients with severe MRI changes. This interaction was found for processing speed, the cognitive domain most impaired in our patients. Our findings demonstrate an interaction of education and brain pathology in regard to cognitive impairment: the effect of education seems most pronounced in early disease stages but may ultimately be overwhelmed by the pathological changes. The results extend the concept of CR to VCI.},
number = {2},
journal = {Neurobiol Aging},
author = {Zieren, N. and Duering, M. and Peters, N. and Reyes, S. and Jouvent, E. and Herve, D. and Gschwendtner, A. and Mewald, Y. and Opherk, C. and Chabriat, H. and Dichgans, M.},
month = feb,
year = {2013},
pmid = {22626524},
keywords = {Cognition, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain/*pathology/physiopathology, *Cognitive Reserve, CADASIL/*pathology/physiopathology/psychology, Educational Status, Executive Function, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Brain, CADASIL, Cognitive Reserve},
pages = {400--7},
}Regular treadmill running improves spatial learning and memory performance in young mice through increased hippocampal neurogenesis and decreased stress. Li, H., Liang, A., Guan, F., Fan, R., Chi, L., & Yang, B. Brain research, 1531:1–8, September, 2013.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex A substantial amount of evidence has shown that treadmill running enhances neurogenesis, improves cognitive function, and protects the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. However, treadmill running is a type of forced exercise that could increase the level of corticosterone, which subsequently down-regulates neurogenesis and impairs cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to investigate if regular treadmill running provides a balance between the positive and negative effects of treadmill running. The mice were divided into four groups: controls (CON), regular runners (RR), irregular duration runners (IDR) and irregular time-of-day runners (ITR). The RR mice ran daily on the treadmill at the same time-of-day, speed and duration. The IDR mice ran at the same time-of-day and speed, but for a different duration. The ITR mice ran at the same speed and duration, but at different time-of-day. The results showed that regular treadmill running could increase neurogenesis and improve spatial learning and memory performance, as well as decrease the level of corticosterone. The present finding emphasizes the importance of regular physical exercise on cognition.
@article{li_regular_2013,
title = {Regular treadmill running improves spatial learning and memory performance in young mice through increased hippocampal neurogenesis and decreased stress.},
volume = {1531},
issn = {1872-6240},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23916669},
doi = {10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.041},
abstract = {A substantial amount of evidence has shown that treadmill running enhances neurogenesis, improves cognitive function, and protects the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. However, treadmill running is a type of forced exercise that could increase the level of corticosterone, which subsequently down-regulates neurogenesis and impairs cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to investigate if regular treadmill running provides a balance between the positive and negative effects of treadmill running. The mice were divided into four groups: controls (CON), regular runners (RR), irregular duration runners (IDR) and irregular time-of-day runners (ITR). The RR mice ran daily on the treadmill at the same time-of-day, speed and duration. The IDR mice ran at the same time-of-day and speed, but for a different duration. The ITR mice ran at the same speed and duration, but at different time-of-day. The results showed that regular treadmill running could increase neurogenesis and improve spatial learning and memory performance, as well as decrease the level of corticosterone. The present finding emphasizes the importance of regular physical exercise on cognition.},
urldate = {2014-08-11},
journal = {Brain research},
author = {Li, Hongwei and Liang, Aming and Guan, Fangxia and Fan, Ruitai and Chi, Liankai and Yang, Bo},
month = sep,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23916669},
keywords = {Animals, Cell Survival, Cell Survival: physiology, Exercise Test, Exercise Test: methods, Exercise Test: psychology, Hippocampus, Hippocampus: cytology, Hippocampus: physiology, Male, Maze Learning, Maze Learning: physiology, Memory, Memory: physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neurogenesis, Neurogenesis: physiology, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Physical Conditioning, Animal: methods, Physical Conditioning, Animal: physiology, Physical Conditioning, Animal: psychology, Random Allocation, Stress, Psychological, Stress, Psychological: pathology, Stress, Psychological: prevention \& control, Stress, Psychological: psychology},
pages = {1--8},
}Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae. Roberts, A. C, Bill, B. R, & Glanzman, D. L Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 7:126, January, 2013. Publisher: Frontiers Media \SA\
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Larval zebrafish possess several experimental advantages for investigating the molecular and neural bases of learning and memory. Despite this, neuroscientists have only recently begun to use these animals to study memory. However, in a relatively short period of time a number of forms of learning have been described in zebrafish larvae, and significant progress has been made toward their understanding. Here we provide a comprehensive review of this progress; we also describe several promising new experimental technologies currently being used in larval zebrafish that are likely to contribute major insights into the processes that underlie learning and memory.
@article{roberts2014learning,
title = {Learning and memory in zebrafish larvae},
volume = {7},
issn = {1662-5110},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2013.00126},
doi = {10.3389/fncir.2013.00126},
abstract = {Larval zebrafish possess several experimental advantages for investigating the molecular and neural bases of learning and memory. Despite this, neuroscientists have only recently begun to use these animals to study memory. However, in a relatively short period of time a number of forms of learning have been described in zebrafish larvae, and significant progress has been made toward their understanding. Here we provide a comprehensive review of this progress; we also describe several promising new experimental technologies currently being used in larval zebrafish that are likely to contribute major insights into the processes that underlie learning and memory.},
urldate = {2014-02-25},
journal = {Frontiers in Neural Circuits},
author = {Roberts, Adam C and Bill, Brent R and Glanzman, David L},
month = jan,
year = {2013},
pmid = {23935566},
note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media \{SA\}},
keywords = {memory},
pages = {126},
}Hume's social theory of memory. Azeri, S. Journal of Scottish Philosophy, 11(1):53–68, 2013.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Traditionally, Hume's account of memory is considered an individualist-atomic representational theory. However, textual evidence suggests that Hume's account is better seen as a first attempt to create a social theory of memory that considers social context, custom and habits, language, and logical structures as constitutive elements of memory.
@article{Azeri2013,
abstract = {Traditionally, Hume's account of memory is considered an individualist-atomic representational theory. However, textual evidence suggests that Hume's account is better seen as a first attempt to create a social theory of memory that considers social context, custom and habits, language, and logical structures as constitutive elements of memory.},
author = {Azeri, Siyaves},
doi = {10.3366/jsp.2013.0047},
file = {:Users/michaelk/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Azeri - 2013 - Hume's social theory of memory.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1479-6651},
journal = {Journal of Scottish Philosophy},
number = {1},
pages = {53--68},
title = {{Hume's social theory of memory}},
url = {http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/jsp.2013.0047},
volume = {11},
year = {2013}
}2012 (4)
Time, mode and perceptual content. Almäng, J. Acta Analytica, 27(4):425–439, 2012.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Francois Recanati has recently argued that each perceptual state has two distinct kinds of content, complete and explicit content. According to Recanati, the former is a function of the latter and the psychological mode of perception. Furthermore, he has argued that explicit content is temporally neutral and that time-consciousness is a feature of psychological mode. In this paper it is argued, pace Recanati, that explicit content is not temporally neutral. Recanati's position is initially presented. Three desiderata for a theory of time-consciousness are subsequently introduced. It is then argued that a theory locating time-consciousness as a feature of psychological mode will fail to satisfy these desiderata. In the last section the intentionality of memories is discussed. Using the notion of shiftable indexical, it is argued that memories have the same explicit content as perceptions, but that they nevertheless can have different conditions of satisfaction since they are entertained in different modes. \textcopyright 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
@article{Almang2012,
abstract = {Francois Recanati has recently argued that each perceptual state has two distinct kinds of content, complete and explicit content. According to Recanati, the former is a function of the latter and the psychological mode of perception. Furthermore, he has argued that explicit content is temporally neutral and that time-consciousness is a feature of psychological mode. In this paper it is argued, pace Recanati, that explicit content is not temporally neutral. Recanati's position is initially presented. Three desiderata for a theory of time-consciousness are subsequently introduced. It is then argued that a theory locating time-consciousness as a feature of psychological mode will fail to satisfy these desiderata. In the last section the intentionality of memories is discussed. Using the notion of shiftable indexical, it is argued that memories have the same explicit content as perceptions, but that they nevertheless can have different conditions of satisfaction since they are entertained in different modes. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.},
author = {Alm{\"{a}}ng, Jan},
doi = {10.1007/s12136-011-0134-0},
file = {:Users/michaelk/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Alm{\"{a}}ng - 2012 - Time, Mode and Perceptual Content.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0353-5150},
journal = {Acta Analytica},
number = {4},
pages = {425--439},
title = {{Time, mode and perceptual content}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12136-011-0134-0},
volume = {27},
year = {2012}
}Differential environmental regulation of neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus. Tanti, A., Rainer, Q., Minier, F., Surget, A., & Belzung, C. Neuropharmacology, 63(3):374--384, September, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The hippocampus is involved in both cognitive and emotional processing; these different functions are topographically distributed along its septo-temporal axis, the dorsal (septal) hippocampus being preferentially involved in cognitive processes such as learning and memory while the ventral (temporal) hippocampus participates in emotional regulation and anxiety-related behaviors. Newborn hippocampal neurons become functionally integrated into hippocampal networks and are likely to contribute to hippocampal functions, but whether their regulation and function are homogenous throughout this axis is not clear. Here we investigate changes in cell proliferation and neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus induced by the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress model of depression (UCMS), chronic fluoxetine treatment and enriched environment. Mice were either subjected to UCMS, standard housing or enriched environment. Stress-exposed mice were treated daily with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Effects of UCMS regimen, fluoxetine treatment and enrichment were assessed by physical measures and behavioral testing. Quantitative changes in cell proliferation and neurogenesis were assessed by immunohistochemistry using BrdU labeling. Results indicate that UCMS decreased cell proliferation and neurogenesis preferentially in the ventral hippocampus, an effect that was reversed by fluoxetine treatment. Environmental enrichment on the other hand increased cell proliferation in both divisions but promoted neurogenesis only in the dorsal hippocampus. These results indicate that environmental factors can differentially regulate neurogenesis in a region-specific manner. This may possibly underlie heterogeneous function of newborn neurons along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus and have functional significance as to their implication in stress related disorders and memory processes.
@article{ tanti_differential_2012,
title = {Differential environmental regulation of neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus},
volume = {63},
issn = {1873-7064},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.04.022},
abstract = {The hippocampus is involved in both cognitive and emotional processing; these different functions are topographically distributed along its septo-temporal axis, the dorsal (septal) hippocampus being preferentially involved in cognitive processes such as learning and memory while the ventral (temporal) hippocampus participates in emotional regulation and anxiety-related behaviors. Newborn hippocampal neurons become functionally integrated into hippocampal networks and are likely to contribute to hippocampal functions, but whether their regulation and function are homogenous throughout this axis is not clear. Here we investigate changes in cell proliferation and neurogenesis along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus induced by the Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress model of depression (UCMS), chronic fluoxetine treatment and enriched environment. Mice were either subjected to UCMS, standard housing or enriched environment. Stress-exposed mice were treated daily with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Effects of UCMS regimen, fluoxetine treatment and enrichment were assessed by physical measures and behavioral testing. Quantitative changes in cell proliferation and neurogenesis were assessed by immunohistochemistry using BrdU labeling. Results indicate that UCMS decreased cell proliferation and neurogenesis preferentially in the ventral hippocampus, an effect that was reversed by fluoxetine treatment. Environmental enrichment on the other hand increased cell proliferation in both divisions but promoted neurogenesis only in the dorsal hippocampus. These results indicate that environmental factors can differentially regulate neurogenesis in a region-specific manner. This may possibly underlie heterogeneous function of newborn neurons along the septo-temporal axis of the hippocampus and have functional significance as to their implication in stress related disorders and memory processes.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Neuropharmacology},
author = {Tanti, Arnaud and Rainer, Quentin and Minier, Frederic and Surget, Alexandre and Belzung, Catherine},
month = {September},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22561281},
keywords = {Animals, Animals, Newborn, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Antimetabolites, Anxiety, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell Proliferation, Depression, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Eating, Environment, Fluoxetine, Grooming, Hair, Hippocampus, Male, Memory, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Neurogenesis, Recognition (Psychology), Stress, Psychological},
pages = {374--384}
}Cognitive function and assistive technology for cognition: a systematic review. Gillespie, A., Best, C., & O'Neill, B. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 18(1):1-19, 1, 2012.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The relationship between assistive technology for cognition (ATC) and cognitive function was examined using a systematic review. A literature search identified 89 publications reporting 91 studies of an ATC intervention in a clinical population. The WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used to categorize the cognitive domains being assisted and the tasks being performed. Results show that ATC have been used to effectively support cognitive functions relating to attention, calculation, emotion, experience of self, higher level cognitive functions (planning and time management) and memory. The review makes three contributions: (1) It reviews existing ATC in terms of cognitive function, thus providing a framework for ATC prescription on the basis of a profile of cognitive deficits, (2) it introduces a new classification of ATC based on cognitive function, and (3) it identifies areas for future ATC research and development.
@article{
title = {Cognitive function and assistive technology for cognition: a systematic review.},
type = {article},
year = {2012},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {amnestic,cognitive disorders,delirium,dementia,disorders,memory,neuropsychology,rehabilitation,review,self-help devices},
pages = {1-19},
volume = {18},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22152338},
month = {1},
id = {ee911467-e80f-3c65-a2a8-a3ed03f1b4f9},
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last_modified = {2017-06-01T08:24:00.852Z},
tags = {attention,best practice},
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starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {The relationship between assistive technology for cognition (ATC) and cognitive function was examined using a systematic review. A literature search identified 89 publications reporting 91 studies of an ATC intervention in a clinical population. The WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used to categorize the cognitive domains being assisted and the tasks being performed. Results show that ATC have been used to effectively support cognitive functions relating to attention, calculation, emotion, experience of self, higher level cognitive functions (planning and time management) and memory. The review makes three contributions: (1) It reviews existing ATC in terms of cognitive function, thus providing a framework for ATC prescription on the basis of a profile of cognitive deficits, (2) it introduces a new classification of ATC based on cognitive function, and (3) it identifies areas for future ATC research and development.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Gillespie, Alex and Best, Catherine and O'Neill, Brian},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS},
number = {1}
}Contribution of single photon emission computed tomography to the differential diagnosis of dementia in a memory clinic. Rollin-Sillaire, A., Bombois, S., Deramecourt, V., Steinert-Emptaz, A., Salleron, J., Morvan, J., Maurage, C., Steinling, M., & Pasquier, F. Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD, 30(4):833–845, 2012.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
To evaluate the contribution of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to the differential diagnosis of dementia, we studied 48 consecutive patients (median age: 63) with a degenerative or vascular dementia, a 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging, and a diagnostic confirmation (autopsy or genetic mutation). The SPECT scans were visually rated by two nuclear medicine physicians (first blinded to the clinical data, then with the data). Comparisons between clinical diagnoses and/or SPECT imaging and neuropathology were performed. At the time of SPECT was performed, the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) sensitivity was 83%, specificity was 76%, and diagnostic accuracy was 79%. The blinded SPECT sensitivity was 57%, specificity 92%, and diagnostic accuracy 75%. The SPECT associated with clinical data sensitivity was 65%, specificity 84%, and accuracy 75%. The clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal-lobar degeneration (FTLD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration syndrome (CBDs) sensitivity was 83%, specificity 87%, and accuracy 85%. The blinded SPECT sensitivity was 50%, specificity 97%, and accuracy 79%. The SPECT associated with clinical data sensitivity was 61%, specificity was 93%, and accuracy 81%. Whenever the blinded SPECT interpretation agreed with the clinical diagnosis of AD and FTLD/PSP/CBDs, the condition was confirmed by neuropathological assessment in all cases. Compared with clinical diagnosis alone, SPECT imaging improved the specificity of the etiological diagnosis in degenerative dementia, although its sensitivity was not as good as that of clinical diagnosis. For AD and FTLD/PSP/CBDs, agreement between the clinical and SPECT-based diagnoses was always confirmed by neuropathological assessment.
@article{rollin-sillaire_contribution_2012,
title = {Contribution of single photon emission computed tomography to the differential diagnosis of dementia in a memory clinic},
volume = {30},
issn = {1875-8908},
doi = {10.3233/JAD-2012-111067},
abstract = {To evaluate the contribution of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to the differential diagnosis of dementia, we studied 48 consecutive patients (median age: 63) with a degenerative or vascular dementia, a 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT imaging, and a diagnostic confirmation (autopsy or genetic mutation). The SPECT scans were visually rated by two nuclear medicine physicians (first blinded to the clinical data, then with the data). Comparisons between clinical diagnoses and/or SPECT imaging and neuropathology were performed. At the time of SPECT was performed, the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) sensitivity was 83\%, specificity was 76\%, and diagnostic accuracy was 79\%. The blinded SPECT sensitivity was 57\%, specificity 92\%, and diagnostic accuracy 75\%. The SPECT associated with clinical data sensitivity was 65\%, specificity 84\%, and accuracy 75\%. The clinical diagnosis of frontotemporal-lobar degeneration (FTLD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration syndrome (CBDs) sensitivity was 83\%, specificity 87\%, and accuracy 85\%. The blinded SPECT sensitivity was 50\%, specificity 97\%, and accuracy 79\%. The SPECT associated with clinical data sensitivity was 61\%, specificity was 93\%, and accuracy 81\%. Whenever the blinded SPECT interpretation agreed with the clinical diagnosis of AD and FTLD/PSP/CBDs, the condition was confirmed by neuropathological assessment in all cases. Compared with clinical diagnosis alone, SPECT imaging improved the specificity of the etiological diagnosis in degenerative dementia, although its sensitivity was not as good as that of clinical diagnosis. For AD and FTLD/PSP/CBDs, agreement between the clinical and SPECT-based diagnoses was always confirmed by neuropathological assessment.},
language = {eng},
number = {4},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease: JAD},
author = {Rollin-Sillaire, Adeline and Bombois, Stéphanie and Deramecourt, Vincent and Steinert-Emptaz, Aline and Salleron, Julia and Morvan, Julie and Maurage, Claude-Alain and Steinling, Marc and Pasquier, Florence},
year = {2012},
pmid = {22460325},
keywords = {Aged, Dementia, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Outpatient Clinics, Hospital, Single-Blind Method, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon},
pages = {833--845},
}2011 (6)
Helping children correctly say “I don't know” to unanswerable questions. Waterman, A., H. & Blades, M. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 17(4):396-405, 2011.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Adults ask children questions in a variety of contexts, for example, in the classroom, in the forensic context, or in experimental research. In such situations children will inevitably be asked some questions to which they do not know the answer, because they do not have the required information ("unanswerable" questions). When asked unanswerable questions, it is important that children indicate that they do not have the required information to provide an answer. These 2 studies investigated whether preinterview instructions (Experiment 1) or establishing a memory narrative (Experiment 2) helped children correctly indicate a lack of knowledge to unanswerable questions. In both studies, 6- and 8-year-olds participated in a classroom-based event about which they were subsequently interviewed. Some of the questions were answerable, and some were unanswerable. Results showed that preinterview instructions increased the number of younger children's appropriate "don't know" responses to unanswerable questions, without decreasing correct responses to answerable questions. This suggests that demand characteristics affect children's tendency correctly to say "I don't know." The opportunity to provide a narrative account increased children's appropriate "don't know" responses to unanswerable yes/no questions, and increased the number of younger children's correct responses to answerable questions. This suggests that cognitive factors also contribute to children's tendency correctly to say "I don't know." These results have implications for any context where adults need to obtain information from children through questioning, for example, a health practitioner asking about a medical condition, in classroom discourse, in the investigative interview, and in developmental psychology research.
@article{
title = {Helping children correctly say “I don't know” to unanswerable questions.},
type = {article},
year = {2011},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {an integral part of,communication,everyday,how well children can,in,in many different settings,instructions,interview,memory narrative,questions has important implications,the question-answer exchange is,understand and respond to},
pages = {396-405},
volume = {17},
id = {d39d8ec6-2d22-372e-9172-01a2516250b3},
created = {2016-01-12T14:30:17.000Z},
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last_modified = {2017-03-16T06:19:45.131Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {true},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Adults ask children questions in a variety of contexts, for example, in the classroom, in the forensic context, or in experimental research. In such situations children will inevitably be asked some questions to which they do not know the answer, because they do not have the required information ("unanswerable" questions). When asked unanswerable questions, it is important that children indicate that they do not have the required information to provide an answer. These 2 studies investigated whether preinterview instructions (Experiment 1) or establishing a memory narrative (Experiment 2) helped children correctly indicate a lack of knowledge to unanswerable questions. In both studies, 6- and 8-year-olds participated in a classroom-based event about which they were subsequently interviewed. Some of the questions were answerable, and some were unanswerable. Results showed that preinterview instructions increased the number of younger children's appropriate "don't know" responses to unanswerable questions, without decreasing correct responses to answerable questions. This suggests that demand characteristics affect children's tendency correctly to say "I don't know." The opportunity to provide a narrative account increased children's appropriate "don't know" responses to unanswerable yes/no questions, and increased the number of younger children's correct responses to answerable questions. This suggests that cognitive factors also contribute to children's tendency correctly to say "I don't know." These results have implications for any context where adults need to obtain information from children through questioning, for example, a health practitioner asking about a medical condition, in classroom discourse, in the investigative interview, and in developmental psychology research.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Waterman, A. H. and Blades, M},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied},
number = {4}
}Altered long-range alpha-band synchronization during visual short-term memory retention in children born very preterm. Doesburg, S. M, Ribary, U., Herdman, A. T, Miller, S. P, Poskitt, K. J, Moiseev, A., Whitfield, M. F, Synnes, A., & Grunau, R. E NeuroImage, 54(3):2330–9, February, 2011.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Children born very preterm, even when intelligence is broadly normal, often experience selective difficulties in executive function and visual-spatial processing. Development of structural cortical connectivity is known to be altered in this group, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence indicates that very preterm children recruit different patterns of functional connectivity between cortical regions during cognition. Synchronization of neural oscillations across brain areas has been proposed as a mechanism for dynamically assigning functional coupling to support perceptual and cognitive processing, but little is known about what role oscillatory synchronization may play in the altered neurocognitive development of very preterm children. To investigate this, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity while 7-8 year old children born very preterm and age-matched full-term controls performed a visual short-term memory task. Very preterm children exhibited reduced long-range synchronization in the alpha-band during visual short-term memory retention, indicating that cortical alpha rhythms may play a critical role in altered patterns functional connectivity expressed by this population during cognitive and perceptual processing. Long-range alpha-band synchronization was also correlated with task performance and visual-perceptual ability within the very preterm group, indicating that altered alpha oscillatory mechanisms mediating transient functional integration between cortical regions may be relevant to selective problems in neurocognitive development in this vulnerable population at school age.
@article{doesburg_altered_2011,
title = {Altered long-range alpha-band synchronization during visual short-term memory retention in children born very preterm.},
volume = {54},
issn = {1095-9572},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3066471&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.044},
abstract = {Children born very preterm, even when intelligence is broadly normal, often experience selective difficulties in executive function and visual-spatial processing. Development of structural cortical connectivity is known to be altered in this group, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence indicates that very preterm children recruit different patterns of functional connectivity between cortical regions during cognition. Synchronization of neural oscillations across brain areas has been proposed as a mechanism for dynamically assigning functional coupling to support perceptual and cognitive processing, but little is known about what role oscillatory synchronization may play in the altered neurocognitive development of very preterm children. To investigate this, we recorded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity while 7-8 year old children born very preterm and age-matched full-term controls performed a visual short-term memory task. Very preterm children exhibited reduced long-range synchronization in the alpha-band during visual short-term memory retention, indicating that cortical alpha rhythms may play a critical role in altered patterns functional connectivity expressed by this population during cognitive and perceptual processing. Long-range alpha-band synchronization was also correlated with task performance and visual-perceptual ability within the very preterm group, indicating that altered alpha oscillatory mechanisms mediating transient functional integration between cortical regions may be relevant to selective problems in neurocognitive development in this vulnerable population at school age.},
number = {3},
urldate = {2015-06-01},
journal = {NeuroImage},
author = {Doesburg, Sam M and Ribary, Urs and Herdman, Anthony T and Miller, Steven P and Poskitt, Kenneth J and Moiseev, Alexander and Whitfield, Michael F and Synnes, Anne and Grunau, Ruth E},
month = feb,
year = {2011},
pmid = {20974268},
keywords = {Algorithms, Alpha Rhythm, Alpha Rhythm: physiology, Child, Cognition, Cognition: physiology, Cortical Synchronization, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Magnetoencephalography, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Memory, Short-Term: physiology, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Psychomotor Performance: physiology, Space Perception, Space Perception: physiology, Visual Perception, Visual Perception: physiology, Wechsler Scales},
pages = {2330--9},
}"My Success as a Teacher Amazes Me Each and Every Day"–Perspectives of Teachers with Learning Disabilities. Vogel, G. & Sharoni, V. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 15(5):479–495, 2011.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex The employment of teachers with learning disabilities has been an issue debated in many countries as well as within the Israeli educational establishment. Structured interviews were conducted with 12 Israeli teachers with learning disabilities in order to understand how these teachers perceive their disability and its impact on them as children, as students in higher education settings and as teachers. The data were analysed utilising primarily qualitative methodology. Findings were similar to those of studies conducted in England and the USA. The participants viewed themselves as successful teachers, despite objective difficulties and painful memories of past experiences that still lead to a fragile self-image. They viewed their own learning disabilities as having a positive impact on their professional work. Schools that provide a supportive and accepting atmosphere for teachers with learning disabilities will be a model for a truly inclusive society. (Contains 2 tables.)
@article{vogel_my_2011,
title = {"{My} {Success} as a {Teacher} {Amazes} {Me} {Each} and {Every} {Day}"--{Perspectives} of {Teachers} with {Learning} {Disabilities}},
volume = {15},
issn = {1360-3116, 1360-3116},
url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/889927368?accountid=12507},
abstract = {The employment of teachers with learning disabilities has been an issue debated in many countries as well as within the Israeli educational establishment. Structured interviews were conducted with 12 Israeli teachers with learning disabilities in order to understand how these teachers perceive their disability and its impact on them as children, as students in higher education settings and as teachers. The data were analysed utilising primarily qualitative methodology. Findings were similar to those of studies conducted in England and the USA. The participants viewed themselves as successful teachers, despite objective difficulties and painful memories of past experiences that still lead to a fragile self-image. They viewed their own learning disabilities as having a positive impact on their professional work. Schools that provide a supportive and accepting atmosphere for teachers with learning disabilities will be a model for a truly inclusive society. (Contains 2 tables.)},
language = {English},
number = {5},
journal = {International Journal of Inclusive Education},
author = {Vogel, Gila and Sharoni, Varda},
year = {2011},
keywords = {College Students, ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE), England, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Interviews, Israel, Learning Disabilities, Memory, Psychological Patterns, Self Concept, Self Esteem, Student Experience, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Characteristics, Teacher Competencies, Teacher Effectiveness, United States},
pages = {479--495},
}Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)--imidazole (TRIM) and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) on learning and memory in mice. Mutlu, O., Ulak, G., & Belzung, C. Fundamental \& Clinical Pharmacology, 25(3):368--377, June, 2011.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), which is involved in memory processes. This led to the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors will have disturbing effects on learning and memory. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the new selective neuronal and inducible NOS inhibitor 1- (2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole (TRIM) (10-50 mg/kg) on learning and memory and compare it to the nonselective NOS inhibitor 7-NI (15-45 mg/kg) using different behavioral tests in Swiss mice, thus clarifying the role of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in cognitive processes. TRIM had no specific effect on either learning or memory parameters, while 7-NI (30 mg/kg) disturbed spatial memory in the probe trial of the Morris water maze test, which was performed on the last day of the test. No differences between TRIM and the control groups were observed, while 7-NI (30 and 45 mg/kg) significantly disturbed memory in the novel object recognition test. In the social transmission of food preference test, both TRIM (50 mg/kg) and 7-NI (45 mg/kg) impaired hippocampal olfactory memory, but the total food consumption was also significantly decreased at these doses. In the passive avoidance test, TRIM did not disturb the performance, while memory impairment was observed, even with lower doses of 7-NI. All of these results suggest that TRIM has no clear effect on cognitive impairment compared to 7-NI and that inhibition of both nNOS and eNOS are necessary for the deterioration of memory processes.
@article{ mutlu_effects_2011,
title = {Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)--imidazole ({TRIM}) and 7-nitroindazole (7-{NI}) on learning and memory in mice},
volume = {25},
issn = {1472-8206},
doi = {10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00851.x},
abstract = {Nitric oxide ({NO}) plays an important role in hippocampal long-term potentiation ({LTP}), which is involved in memory processes. This led to the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase ({NOS}) inhibitors will have disturbing effects on learning and memory. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of the new selective neuronal and inducible {NOS} inhibitor 1- (2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole ({TRIM}) (10-50 mg/kg) on learning and memory and compare it to the nonselective {NOS} inhibitor 7-{NI} (15-45 mg/kg) using different behavioral tests in Swiss mice, thus clarifying the role of neuronal {NOS} ({nNOS}) and endothelial {NOS} ({eNOS}) in cognitive processes. {TRIM} had no specific effect on either learning or memory parameters, while 7-{NI} (30 mg/kg) disturbed spatial memory in the probe trial of the Morris water maze test, which was performed on the last day of the test. No differences between {TRIM} and the control groups were observed, while 7-{NI} (30 and 45 mg/kg) significantly disturbed memory in the novel object recognition test. In the social transmission of food preference test, both {TRIM} (50 mg/kg) and 7-{NI} (45 mg/kg) impaired hippocampal olfactory memory, but the total food consumption was also significantly decreased at these doses. In the passive avoidance test, {TRIM} did not disturb the performance, while memory impairment was observed, even with lower doses of 7-{NI}. All of these results suggest that {TRIM} has no clear effect on cognitive impairment compared to 7-{NI} and that inhibition of both {nNOS} and {eNOS} are necessary for the deterioration of memory processes.},
language = {eng},
number = {3},
journal = {Fundamental \& Clinical Pharmacology},
author = {Mutlu, Oguz and Ulak, Güner and Belzung, Catherine},
month = {June},
year = {2011},
pmid = {20608991},
keywords = {Animals, Enzyme Inhibitors, Food Preferences, Hippocampus, Imidazoles, Indazoles, Learning, Locomotion, Long-Term Potentiation, Male, Maze Learning, Memory, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type {III}},
pages = {368--377}
}Improving Success in Developmental Mathematics: An Interview with Paul Nolting. Boylan, H. R. Journal of Developmental Education, 34(3):20–22, 2011.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex This article presents an interview with Dr. Paul Nolting, a national expert in assessing individual math learning problems, developing effective student learning strategies, and assessing institutional variables that affect math success. Since his dissertation in 1986 on improving math success with study skills Dr. Nolting has consulted with over 100 college, university, and high school campuses on math success. His "Winning at Math" text won book of the year award from the National Association of Independent Publishers for best text of the association and is the only research-based math study skills text published in the U.S. He is employed at the State College of Florida in Bradenton, FL and has been an institutional test administrator, learning specialist, director of Title III Programs, Student Support Services director, and disability coordinator. He has also been a graduate school adjunct instructor at the University of South Florida and Florida Gulf Coast University. His life has been dedicated to improving the success of math students. In this interview, Dr. Nolting shares his views on why so many incoming students place into developmental math and why so many fail to complete developmental math. He offers strategies recommended for students who fail a developmental math course.
@article{boylan_improving_2011,
title = {Improving {Success} in {Developmental} {Mathematics}: {An} {Interview} with {Paul} {Nolting}},
volume = {34},
issn = {0894-3907, 0894-3907},
url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312425279?accountid=12507},
abstract = {This article presents an interview with Dr. Paul Nolting, a national expert in assessing individual math learning problems, developing effective student learning strategies, and assessing institutional variables that affect math success. Since his dissertation in 1986 on improving math success with study skills Dr. Nolting has consulted with over 100 college, university, and high school campuses on math success. His "Winning at Math" text won book of the year award from the National Association of Independent Publishers for best text of the association and is the only research-based math study skills text published in the U.S. He is employed at the State College of Florida in Bradenton, FL and has been an institutional test administrator, learning specialist, director of Title III Programs, Student Support Services director, and disability coordinator. He has also been a graduate school adjunct instructor at the University of South Florida and Florida Gulf Coast University. His life has been dedicated to improving the success of math students. In this interview, Dr. Nolting shares his views on why so many incoming students place into developmental math and why so many fail to complete developmental math. He offers strategies recommended for students who fail a developmental math course.},
language = {English},
number = {3},
journal = {Journal of Developmental Education},
author = {Boylan, Hunter R.},
year = {2011},
keywords = {Academic Achievement, Campuses, Colleges, Developmental Studies Programs, ERIC, Current Index to Journals in Education (CIJE), Examiners, Florida, High School Students, Higher Education, Interviews, Learning Problems, Learning Strategies, Mathematics, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Anxiety, Mathematics Education, Mathematics Instruction, Memory, Scores, Specialists, Study Skills, Teaching Styles},
pages = {20--22},
}Neuralized1 activates CPEB3: a function for nonproteolytic ubiquitin in synaptic plasticity and memory storage. Pavlopoulos, E., Trifilieff, P., Chevaleyre, V., Fioriti, L., Zairis, S., Pagano, A., Malleret, G., & Kandel, E. R Cell, 147(6):1369–83, December, 2011.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), a regulator of local protein synthesis, is the mouse homolog of ApCPEB, a functional prion protein in Aplysia. Here, we provide evidence that CPEB3 is activated by Neuralized1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In hippocampal cultures, CPEB3 activated by Neuralized1-mediated ubiquitination leads both to the growth of new dendritic spines and to an increase of the GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of AMPA receptors, two CPEB3 targets essential for synaptic plasticity. Conditional overexpression of Neuralized1 similarly increases GluA1 and GluA2 and the number of spines and functional synapses in the hippocampus and is reflected in enhanced hippocampal-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity. By contrast, inhibition of Neuralized1 reduces GluA1 and GluA2 levels and impairs hippocampal-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity. These results suggest a model whereby Neuralized1-dependent ubiquitination facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage by modulating the activity of CPEB3 and CPEB3-dependent protein synthesis and synapse formation.
@article{Pavlopoulos2011,
title = {Neuralized1 activates {CPEB3}: a function for nonproteolytic ubiquitin in synaptic plasticity and memory storage.},
volume = {147},
issn = {1097-4172},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3442370&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2011.09.056},
abstract = {The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), a regulator of local protein synthesis, is the mouse homolog of ApCPEB, a functional prion protein in Aplysia. Here, we provide evidence that CPEB3 is activated by Neuralized1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In hippocampal cultures, CPEB3 activated by Neuralized1-mediated ubiquitination leads both to the growth of new dendritic spines and to an increase of the GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of AMPA receptors, two CPEB3 targets essential for synaptic plasticity. Conditional overexpression of Neuralized1 similarly increases GluA1 and GluA2 and the number of spines and functional synapses in the hippocampus and is reflected in enhanced hippocampal-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity. By contrast, inhibition of Neuralized1 reduces GluA1 and GluA2 levels and impairs hippocampal-dependent memory and synaptic plasticity. These results suggest a model whereby Neuralized1-dependent ubiquitination facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage by modulating the activity of CPEB3 and CPEB3-dependent protein synthesis and synapse formation.},
number = {6},
urldate = {2013-08-26},
journal = {Cell},
author = {Pavlopoulos, Elias and Trifilieff, Pierre and Chevaleyre, Vivien and Fioriti, Luana and Zairis, Sakellarios and Pagano, Andrew and Malleret, Gaël and Kandel, Eric R},
month = dec,
year = {2011},
pmid = {22153079},
keywords = {\#nosource, 3' Untranslated Regions, Animals, Base Sequence, Hippocampus, Hippocampus: metabolism, Memory, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins: metabolism, Neuronal Plasticity, Poly A, Poly A: metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins, RNA-Binding Proteins: metabolism, Receptors, AMPA, Receptors, AMPA: genetics, Receptors, AMPA: metabolism, Synapses},
pages = {1369--83},
}2010 (2)
iqr: A Tool for the Construction of Multi-level Simulations of Brain and Behaviour. Bernardet, U. & Verschure, P., F. Neuroinformatics, 8(2):113-34, Humana Press Inc., 2010.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex The brain is the most complex system we know of. Despite the wealth of data available in neuroscience, our understanding of this system is still very limited. Here we argue that an essential component in our arsenal of methods to advance our understanding of the brain is the construction of artificial brain-like systems. In this way we can encompass the multi-level organisation of the brain and its role in the context of the complete embodied real-world and real-time perceiving and behaving system. Hence, on the one hand, we must be able to develop and validate theories of brains as closing the loop between perception and action, and on the other hand as interacting with the real world. Evidence is growing that one of the sources of the computational power of neuronal systems lies in the massive and specific connectivity, rather than the complexity of single elements. To meet these challenges-multiple levels of organisation, sophisticated connectivity, and the interaction of neuronal models with the real-world-we have developed a multi-level neuronal simulation environment, iqr. This framework deals with these requirements by directly transforming them into the core elements of the simulation environment itself. iqr provides a means to design complex neuronal models graphically, and to visualise and analyse their properties on-line. In iqr connectivity is defined in a flexible, yet compact way, and simulations run at a high speed, which allows the control of real-world devices-robots in the broader sense-in real-time. The architecture of iqr is modular, providing the possibility to write new neuron, and synapse types, and custom interfaces to other hardware systems. The code of iqr is publicly accessible under the GNU General Public License (GPL). iqr has been in use since 1996 and has been the core tool for a large number of studies ranging from detailed models of neuronal systems like the cerebral cortex, and the cerebellum, to robot based models of perception, cognition and action to large-scale real-world systems. In addition, iqr has been widely used over many years to introduce students to neuronal simulation and neuromorphic control. In this paper we outline the conceptual and methodological background of iqr and its design philosophy. Thereafter we present iqr's main features and computational properties. Finally, we describe a number of projects using iqr, singling out how iqr is used for building a "synthetic insect".
@article{
title = {iqr: A Tool for the Construction of Multi-level Simulations of Brain and Behaviour.},
type = {article},
year = {2010},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Access to Information,Animal,Animals,Behavior,Behavior: physiology,Brain,Brain: physiology,Computer Simulation,Humans,Insects,Internet,Memory,Memory: physiology,Models,Neurological,Neurons,Neurons: physiology,Robotics,Software,Synapses,Synapses: physiology,Time Factors,User-Computer Interface},
pages = {113-34},
volume = {8},
websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20502987},
publisher = {Humana Press Inc.},
id = {59515ef3-1a82-3d32-b933-751e65c1b13e},
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last_modified = {2017-03-09T23:31:28.082Z},
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abstract = {The brain is the most complex system we know of. Despite the wealth of data available in neuroscience, our understanding of this system is still very limited. Here we argue that an essential component in our arsenal of methods to advance our understanding of the brain is the construction of artificial brain-like systems. In this way we can encompass the multi-level organisation of the brain and its role in the context of the complete embodied real-world and real-time perceiving and behaving system. Hence, on the one hand, we must be able to develop and validate theories of brains as closing the loop between perception and action, and on the other hand as interacting with the real world. Evidence is growing that one of the sources of the computational power of neuronal systems lies in the massive and specific connectivity, rather than the complexity of single elements. To meet these challenges-multiple levels of organisation, sophisticated connectivity, and the interaction of neuronal models with the real-world-we have developed a multi-level neuronal simulation environment, iqr. This framework deals with these requirements by directly transforming them into the core elements of the simulation environment itself. iqr provides a means to design complex neuronal models graphically, and to visualise and analyse their properties on-line. In iqr connectivity is defined in a flexible, yet compact way, and simulations run at a high speed, which allows the control of real-world devices-robots in the broader sense-in real-time. The architecture of iqr is modular, providing the possibility to write new neuron, and synapse types, and custom interfaces to other hardware systems. The code of iqr is publicly accessible under the GNU General Public License (GPL). iqr has been in use since 1996 and has been the core tool for a large number of studies ranging from detailed models of neuronal systems like the cerebral cortex, and the cerebellum, to robot based models of perception, cognition and action to large-scale real-world systems. In addition, iqr has been widely used over many years to introduce students to neuronal simulation and neuromorphic control. In this paper we outline the conceptual and methodological background of iqr and its design philosophy. Thereafter we present iqr's main features and computational properties. Finally, we describe a number of projects using iqr, singling out how iqr is used for building a "synthetic insect".},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Bernardet, Ulysses and Verschure, Paul F.M.J.},
journal = {Neuroinformatics},
number = {2}
}Avoiding plants unsuitable for the symbiotic fungus: learning and long-term memory in leaf-cutting ants. Saverschek, N., Herz, H., Wagner, M., & Roces, F. Animal Behaviour, 79(3):689–698, March, 2010.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Leaf-cutting ants are polyphagous herbivores that, despite their catholicity, show distinct preferences in the substrate choice for their symbiotic fungus. We investigated to what extent avoidance learning and long-term memory for plant unsuitability underlie foraging responses in the field. First, the acceptability of 10 rarely harvested plant species was tested on field colonies located in two different habitats, where the tested plant species were either present or not. Colonies in the habitat where the plant species occurred avoided all species on first encounter, suggesting previous experience with them. Colonies without the plant species in their habitat, however, first accepted, but then avoided four of them when tested after 24 and 48h. Such an avoidance response towards previously acceptable leaves could be experimentally induced by infiltrating acceptable leaves with a fungicide (cycloheximide) not detectable to the ants, but harmful to the symbiotic fungus, indicating that workers learn to reject plants that have detrimental effects on the fungus, but not on themselves. To determine how robust memory for plant unsuitability was, workers from field colonies were offered the previously avoided, yet untreated plant every 2 weeks, and its acceptance monitored in the long term. It took up to 18 weeks until foragers harvested the plant again, indicating the involvement of robust long-term avoidance learning in foragers. We argue that the harvesting pattern observed in field colonies largely depends on the workers' foraging experience, essential in a highly diverse environment where both leaf availability and quality vary throughout the year.
@article{saverschek_avoiding_2010,
title = {Avoiding plants unsuitable for the symbiotic fungus: learning and long-term memory in leaf-cutting ants},
volume = {79},
issn = {0003-3472},
shorttitle = {Avoiding plants unsuitable for the symbiotic fungus},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000334720900579X},
doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.12.021},
abstract = {Leaf-cutting ants are polyphagous herbivores that, despite their catholicity, show distinct preferences in the substrate choice for their symbiotic fungus. We investigated to what extent avoidance learning and long-term memory for plant unsuitability underlie foraging responses in the field. First, the acceptability of 10 rarely harvested plant species was tested on field colonies located in two different habitats, where the tested plant species were either present or not. Colonies in the habitat where the plant species occurred avoided all species on first encounter, suggesting previous experience with them. Colonies without the plant species in their habitat, however, first accepted, but then avoided four of them when tested after 24 and 48h. Such an avoidance response towards previously acceptable leaves could be experimentally induced by infiltrating acceptable leaves with a fungicide (cycloheximide) not detectable to the ants, but harmful to the symbiotic fungus, indicating that workers learn to reject plants that have detrimental effects on the fungus, but not on themselves. To determine how robust memory for plant unsuitability was, workers from field colonies were offered the previously avoided, yet untreated plant every 2 weeks, and its acceptance monitored in the long term. It took up to 18 weeks until foragers harvested the plant again, indicating the involvement of robust long-term avoidance learning in foragers. We argue that the harvesting pattern observed in field colonies largely depends on the workers' foraging experience, essential in a highly diverse environment where both leaf availability and quality vary throughout the year.},
number = {3},
journal = {Animal Behaviour},
author = {Saverschek, N. and Herz, H. and Wagner, M. and Roces, F.},
month = mar,
year = {2010},
keywords = {Foraging, Panama, aversive learning, delayed rejection, experience, host plant selection, leaf-cutting ant, memory},
pages = {689--698}
}2009 (6)
Resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity in the default mode network. Greicius, M. D., Supekar, K., Menon, V., & Dougherty, R. F. Cerebral Cortex, 19(1):72–78, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies constitute a growing proportion of functional brain imaging publications. This approach detects temporal correlations in spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal oscillations while subjects rest quietly in the scanner. Although distinct resting-state networks related to vision, language, executive processing, and other sensory and cognitive domains have been identified, considerable skepticism remains as to whether resting-state functional connectivity maps reflect neural connectivity or simply track BOLD signal correlations driven by nonneural artifact. Here we combine diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography with resting-state fcMRI to test the hypothesis that resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity. These 2 modalities were used to investigate connectivity within the default mode network, a set of brain regions-including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), medial temporal lobes (MTLs), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/retropslenial cortex (RSC)-implicated in episodic memory processing. Using seed regions from the functional connectivity maps, the DTI analysis revealed robust structural connections between the MTLs and the retrosplenial cortex whereas tracts from the MPFC contacted the PCC (just rostral to the RSC). The results demonstrate that resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity and that combining modalities can enrich our understanding of these canonical brain networks.
@article{greicius_resting-state_2009,
title = {Resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity in the default mode network},
volume = {19},
issn = {10473211},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhn059},
abstract = {Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies constitute a growing proportion of functional brain imaging publications. This approach detects temporal correlations in spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal oscillations while subjects rest quietly in the scanner. Although distinct resting-state networks related to vision, language, executive processing, and other sensory and cognitive domains have been identified, considerable skepticism remains as to whether resting-state functional connectivity maps reflect neural connectivity or simply track BOLD signal correlations driven by nonneural artifact. Here we combine diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography with resting-state fcMRI to test the hypothesis that resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity. These 2 modalities were used to investigate connectivity within the default mode network, a set of brain regions-including medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), medial temporal lobes (MTLs), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/retropslenial cortex (RSC)-implicated in episodic memory processing. Using seed regions from the functional connectivity maps, the DTI analysis revealed robust structural connections between the MTLs and the retrosplenial cortex whereas tracts from the MPFC contacted the PCC (just rostral to the RSC). The results demonstrate that resting-state functional connectivity reflects structural connectivity and that combining modalities can enrich our understanding of these canonical brain networks.},
number = {1},
journal = {Cerebral Cortex},
author = {Greicius, Michael D. and Supekar, Kaustubh and Menon, Vinod and Dougherty, Robert F.},
year = {2009},
keywords = {Alzheimer's disease, Hippocampus, Memory, Posterior cingulate, Retrosplenial, White matter},
pages = {72--78},
}Memory and imagery in Russell's The Analysis of Mind. Kovacs, D. M Prolegomena, 8(2):193–206, 2009.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
According to the theory Russell defends in The Analysis of Mind, 'true memories' (roughly, memories that are not remembering-hows) are recollections of past events accompanied by a feeling of familiarity. While memory images play a vital role in this account, Russell does not pay much attention to the fact that imagery plays different roles in different sorts of memory. In most cases that Russell considers, memory is based on an image that serves as a datum (image-based memories), but there are other cases in which memory judgment requires an image without being based on it (answer-memories). A good example for the former is when a person, asked what the colour of the sea was last afternoon, recalls an image and forms a judgment on this basis. In the second case she may recognize the sea and entertain a memory image of it without 'reading off' the memory judgment from this picture. That is, the image does not prompt but itself is part of the propositional content of answer memories. Since in this latter case the feeling of familiarity is constitutive of the recollection but cannot serve as its explanans, answer memories do not conform to Russell's account. According to Lindsay Judson this is not a vice of the theory, since Russell never meant to extend it to answer memories. Despite having a certain appeal of benevolence, Judson's interpretation is not supported by textual evidence. Taking side with David Pears, I will argue that Russell did not properly differentiate between image-based memory and answer memory, and illegitimately extended his theory to the latter.
@article{Kovacs2009,
abstract = {According to the theory Russell defends in The Analysis of Mind, 'true memories' (roughly, memories that are not remembering-hows) are recollections of past events accompanied by a feeling of familiarity. While memory images play a vital role in this account, Russell does not pay much attention to the fact that imagery plays different roles in different sorts of memory. In most cases that Russell considers, memory is based on an image that serves as a datum (image-based memories), but there are other cases in which memory judgment requires an image without being based on it (answer-memories). A good example for the former is when a person, asked what the colour of the sea was last afternoon, recalls an image and forms a judgment on this basis. In the second case she may recognize the sea and entertain a memory image of it without 'reading off' the memory judgment from this picture. That is, the image does not prompt but itself is part of the propositional content of answer memories. Since in this latter case the feeling of familiarity is constitutive of the recollection but cannot serve as its explanans, answer memories do not conform to Russell's account. According to Lindsay Judson this is not a vice of the theory, since Russell never meant to extend it to answer memories. Despite having a certain appeal of benevolence, Judson's interpretation is not supported by textual evidence. Taking side with David Pears, I will argue that Russell did not properly differentiate between image-based memory and answer memory, and illegitimately extended his theory to the latter.},
author = {Kovacs, David M},
file = {:Users/michaelk/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Kovacs - 2009 - Memory and imagery in Russell's The Analysis of Mind.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Prolegomena},
number = {2},
pages = {193--206},
title = {{Memory and imagery in Russell's The Analysis of Mind}},
volume = {8},
year = {2009}
}Memory. Lawlor, K. In Beckermann, A., McLaughlin, B. P., & Walter, S., editors, The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind, pages 663–677. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2009.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The psychological study of memory has made exciting advances. In the last two decades neurophysiology has given us insight into what happens in the brain when we remember. First, the biology of nerve cells is much better understood; since signalling by nerve cells is altered by experience, these cells might be the elementary devices of information storage. At the higher level of brain systems, researchers have identified mechanisms that make possible various memory functions. One task for neuropsychology is to unite the results at the level of nerve cells and brain systems. One moral for the rest of us is that while we often speak of a unified capacity — memory — responsible for much that is distinctive in human life, we are really talking about a range of capacities, variously realized in the brain and nervous system.
@incollection{Lawlor2009,
abstract = {The psychological study of memory has made exciting advances. In the last two decades neurophysiology has given us insight into what happens in the brain when we remember. First, the biology of nerve cells is much better understood; since signalling by nerve cells is altered by experience, these cells might be the elementary devices of information storage. At the higher level of brain systems, researchers have identified mechanisms that make possible various memory functions. One task for neuropsychology is to unite the results at the level of nerve cells and brain systems. One moral for the rest of us is that while we often speak of a unified capacity — memory — responsible for much that is distinctive in human life, we are really talking about a range of capacities, variously realized in the brain and nervous system.},
address = {Oxford},
author = {Lawlor, Krista},
booktitle = {The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind},
editor = {Beckermann, Ansgar and McLaughlin, Brian P. and Walter, Sven},
file = {:Users/michaelk/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Lawlor - 2009 - Memory.pdf:pdf},
pages = {663--677},
publisher = {Clarendon Press},
title = {{Memory}},
year = {2009}
}Investigating the association between neurocognition and psychosis in bipolar disorder: further evidence for the overlap with schizophrenia. Jabben, N., Arts, B., Krabbendam, L., & van Os, J. Bipolar Disorders, 11(2):166--177, March, 2009. 00041
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
OBJECTIVES: In schizophrenia, a distinction is made between psychosis with developmental and cognitive impairment on the one hand and psychosis without developmental impairment and positive symptoms on the other. In this study, we investigated whether this model can be extended to bipolar disorder by testing the hypothesis that neurocognitive functioning is inversely related to positive psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder. METHODS: Neurocognitive functioning and psychopathology were assessed in (i) 76 patients with bipolar disorder, (ii) 39 of their healthy first-degree relatives, and (iii) 61 healthy controls. Cognitive performance of bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives was investigated, taking into account the possible moderating effect of the level of expression of psychosis in patients and relatives. RESULTS: Bipolar patients showed impaired cognitive performance on multiple cognitive domains, whereas performance of their relatives was comparable to that of controls. A history of psychotic symptoms in patients was suggestive of less likelihood of cognitive alterations in relatives, and the presence of subclinical psychotic symptoms within the group of relatives predicted better cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of similar psychosis-cognition associations in bipolar disorder as implied by the two pathways leading to nonaffective psychotic disorders suggests that this model might be extended to the continuum spanning affective and nonaffective psychosis. This is in line with the idea of a partially overlapping vulnerability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and provides an explanation for the apparent differences in cognitive alterations in those at risk for the two disorders.
@article{jabben_investigating_2009,
title = {Investigating the association between neurocognition and psychosis in bipolar disorder: further evidence for the overlap with schizophrenia},
volume = {11},
issn = {1399-5618},
shorttitle = {Investigating the association between neurocognition and psychosis in bipolar disorder},
doi = {10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00663.x},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: In schizophrenia, a distinction is made between psychosis with developmental and cognitive impairment on the one hand and psychosis without developmental impairment and positive symptoms on the other. In this study, we investigated whether this model can be extended to bipolar disorder by testing the hypothesis that neurocognitive functioning is inversely related to positive psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder.
METHODS: Neurocognitive functioning and psychopathology were assessed in (i) 76 patients with bipolar disorder, (ii) 39 of their healthy first-degree relatives, and (iii) 61 healthy controls. Cognitive performance of bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives was investigated, taking into account the possible moderating effect of the level of expression of psychosis in patients and relatives.
RESULTS: Bipolar patients showed impaired cognitive performance on multiple cognitive domains, whereas performance of their relatives was comparable to that of controls. A history of psychotic symptoms in patients was suggestive of less likelihood of cognitive alterations in relatives, and the presence of subclinical psychotic symptoms within the group of relatives predicted better cognitive performance.
CONCLUSIONS: The finding of similar psychosis-cognition associations in bipolar disorder as implied by the two pathways leading to nonaffective psychotic disorders suggests that this model might be extended to the continuum spanning affective and nonaffective psychosis. This is in line with the idea of a partially overlapping vulnerability to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and provides an explanation for the apparent differences in cognitive alterations in those at risk for the two disorders.},
language = {eng},
number = {2},
journal = {Bipolar Disorders},
author = {Jabben, Nienke and Arts, Baer and Krabbendam, Lydia and van Os, Jim},
month = mar,
year = {2009},
pmid = {19267699},
note = {00041 },
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Association, Attention, Bipolar Disorder, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Principal Component Analysis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotic Disorders, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Young Adult},
pages = {166--177}
}Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: A neural perspective with implications for psychopathology. Banich, M., T., Mackiewicz, K., L., Depue, B., E., Whitmer, A., J., Miller, G., a., & Heller, W. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2009.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex In this paper we provide a focused review of the literature examining neural mechanisms involved in cognitive control over memory processes that can influence, and in turn are influenced by, emotional processes. The review is divided into two parts, the first focusing on working memory and the second on long-term memory. With regard to working memory, we discuss the neural bases of (1) control mechanisms that can select against distracting emotional information, (2) mechanisms that can regulate emotional reactions or responses, (3) how mood state influences cognitive control, and (4) individual differences in control mechanisms. For long-term memory, we briefly review (1) the neural substrates of emotional memory, (2) the cognitive and neural mechanisms that are involved in controlling emotional memories and (3) how these systems are altered in post-traumatic stress disorder. Finally, we consider tentative generalizations that can be drawn from this relatively unexplored conjunction of research endeavors. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
@article{
title = {Cognitive control mechanisms, emotion and memory: A neural perspective with implications for psychopathology},
type = {article},
year = {2009},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Amygdala,Anterior cingulate,Cognitive control,Depression,Emotion,Genetics,Hippocampus,Human,Long-term memory,Post-traumatic stress disorder,Prefrontal cortex,Rumination,Working memory},
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confirmed = {false},
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abstract = {In this paper we provide a focused review of the literature examining neural mechanisms involved in cognitive control over memory processes that can influence, and in turn are influenced by, emotional processes. The review is divided into two parts, the first focusing on working memory and the second on long-term memory. With regard to working memory, we discuss the neural bases of (1) control mechanisms that can select against distracting emotional information, (2) mechanisms that can regulate emotional reactions or responses, (3) how mood state influences cognitive control, and (4) individual differences in control mechanisms. For long-term memory, we briefly review (1) the neural substrates of emotional memory, (2) the cognitive and neural mechanisms that are involved in controlling emotional memories and (3) how these systems are altered in post-traumatic stress disorder. Finally, we consider tentative generalizations that can be drawn from this relatively unexplored conjunction of research endeavors. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Banich, Marie T. and Mackiewicz, Kristen L. and Depue, Brendan E. and Whitmer, Anson J. and Miller, Gregory a. and Heller, Wendy},
journal = {Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews}
}Associative grouping: perceptual grouping of shapes by association. Vickery, T. J. & Jiang, Y. V Atten Percept Psychophys, 71(4):896-909, 2009.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Perceptual grouping is usually defined by principles that associate distinct elements by virtue of image properties, such as proximity, similarity, and occurrence within common regions. What role does learning play in forming a perceptual group? This study provides evidence that learning of shape associations leads to perceptual grouping. Subjects were repeatedly exposed to pairs of unique shapes that co-occurred within a common region. The common region cue was later removed in displays composed of these shapes, and the subjects searched the display for two adjacent shapes of the same color. The subjects were faster at locating the color repetition when the adjacent shapes with the same color came from the same trained groups than when they were composed of two shapes from different trained groups. The effects were perceptual in nature: Learned pairings produced spatial distortions similar to those observed for groups defined by perceptual similarity. A residual grouping effect was observed even when the shapes in the trained group switched their relative positions but was eliminated when each shape was inverted. These results indicate that statistical co-occurrence with explicit grouping cues may form an important component of perceptual organization, determining perceived scene structure solely on the basis of past experience.
@Article{Vickery2009,
author = {Vickery, T. J. and Yuhong V Jiang},
journal = {Atten Percept Psychophys},
title = {Associative grouping: perceptual grouping of shapes by association.},
year = {2009},
number = {4},
pages = {896-909},
volume = {71},
abstract = {Perceptual grouping is usually defined by principles that associate
distinct elements by virtue of image properties, such as proximity,
similarity, and occurrence within common regions. What role does
learning play in forming a perceptual group? This study provides
evidence that learning of shape associations leads to perceptual
grouping. Subjects were repeatedly exposed to pairs of unique shapes
that co-occurred within a common region. The common region cue was
later removed in displays composed of these shapes, and the subjects
searched the display for two adjacent shapes of the same color. The
subjects were faster at locating the color repetition when the adjacent
shapes with the same color came from the same trained groups than
when they were composed of two shapes from different trained groups.
The effects were perceptual in nature: Learned pairings produced
spatial distortions similar to those observed for groups defined
by perceptual similarity. A residual grouping effect was observed
even when the shapes in the trained group switched their relative
positions but was eliminated when each shape was inverted. These
results indicate that statistical co-occurrence with explicit grouping
cues may form an important component of perceptual organization,
determining perceived scene structure solely on the basis of past
experience.},
doi = {10.3758/APP.71.4.896},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Association Learning, Attention, Color Perception, Discrimination Learning, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Humans, Male, Memory, Pattern Recognition, Practice (Psychology), Psychophysics, Short-Term, Transfer (Psychology), Visual, Young Adult, 19429967},
}2008 (3)
Tractography of the parahippocampal gyrus and material specific memory impairment in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Yogarajah, M., Powell, H. W. R., Parker, G. J. M, Alexander, D. C., Thompson, P. J., Symms, M. R., Boulby, P., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A, Barker, G. J., Koepp, M. J., & Duncan, J. S. NeuroImage, 40(4):1755–1764, May, 2008.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Introduction Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with disrupted memory function. The structural changes underlying this memory impairment have not been demonstrated previously with tractography. Methods We performed a tractography analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans in 18 patients with unilateral TLE undergoing presurgical evaluation, and in 10 healthy controls. A seed region in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus was selected from which to trace the white matter connections of the medial temporal lobe. A correlation analysis was carried out between volume and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of the connections, and pre-operative material specific memory performance. Results There was no significant difference between the left and right sided connections in controls. In the left TLE patients, the connected regions ipsilateral to the epileptogenic region were found to be significantly reduced in volume and mean FA compared with the contralateral region, and left-sided connections in control subjects. Significant correlations were found in left TLE patients between left and right FA, and verbal and non-verbal memory respectively. Conclusion Tractography demonstrated the alteration of white matter pathways that may underlie impaired memory function in TLE. A detailed knowledge of the integrity of these connections may be useful in predicting memory decline in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
@article{yogarajah_tractography_2008,
title = {Tractography of the parahippocampal gyrus and material specific memory impairment in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy},
volume = {40},
issn = {1053-8119},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907011676},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.046},
abstract = {Introduction
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with disrupted memory function. The structural changes underlying this memory impairment have not been demonstrated previously with tractography.
Methods
We performed a tractography analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans in 18 patients with unilateral TLE undergoing presurgical evaluation, and in 10 healthy controls. A seed region in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus was selected from which to trace the white matter connections of the medial temporal lobe. A correlation analysis was carried out between volume and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of the connections, and pre-operative material specific memory performance.
Results
There was no significant difference between the left and right sided connections in controls. In the left TLE patients, the connected regions ipsilateral to the epileptogenic region were found to be significantly reduced in volume and mean FA compared with the contralateral region, and left-sided connections in control subjects. Significant correlations were found in left TLE patients between left and right FA, and verbal and non-verbal memory respectively.
Conclusion
Tractography demonstrated the alteration of white matter pathways that may underlie impaired memory function in TLE. A detailed knowledge of the integrity of these connections may be useful in predicting memory decline in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.},
number = {4},
urldate = {2017-02-14},
journal = {NeuroImage},
author = {Yogarajah, M. and Powell, H. W. R. and Parker, G. J. M and Alexander, D. C. and Thompson, P. J. and Symms, M. R. and Boulby, P. and Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A and Barker, G. J. and Koepp, M. J. and Duncan, J. S.},
month = may,
year = {2008},
keywords = {Epilepsy, Memory, Parahippocampal Gyrus, tractography},
pages = {1755--1764},
}A Simplified Conjoint Recognition Paradigm for the Measurement of Gist and Verbatim Memory. Stahl, C. & Klauer, K. C. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(3):570-586, May, 2008.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The distinction between verbatim and gist memory traces has furthered the understanding of numerous phenomena in various fields, such as false memory research, research on reasoning and decision making, and cognitive development. To measure verbatim and gist memory empirically, an experimental paradigm and multinomial measurement model has been proposed but rarely applied. In the present article, a simplified conjoint recognition paradigm and multinomial model is introduced and validated as a measurement tool for the separate assessment of verbatim and gist memory processes. A Bayesian metacognitive framework is applied to validate guessing processes. Extensions of the model toward incorporating the processes of phantom recollection and erroneous recollection rejection are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
@article{stahl_simplified_2008,
title = {A Simplified Conjoint Recognition Paradigm for the Measurement of Gist and Verbatim Memory},
volume = {34},
issn = {0278-7393},
abstract = {The distinction between verbatim and gist memory traces has furthered the understanding of numerous phenomena in various fields, such as false memory research, research on reasoning and decision making, and cognitive development. To measure verbatim and gist memory empirically, an experimental paradigm and multinomial measurement model has been proposed but rarely applied. In the present article, a simplified conjoint recognition paradigm and multinomial model is introduced and validated as a measurement tool for the separate assessment of verbatim and gist memory processes. A Bayesian metacognitive framework is applied to validate guessing processes. Extensions of the model toward incorporating the processes of phantom recollection and erroneous recollection rejection are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)},
number = {3},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition},
doi = {10.1037/0278-7393.34.3.570},
author = {Stahl, Christoph and Klauer, Karl Christoph},
month = may,
year = {2008},
keywords = {Recall,Recognition (Learning),multinomial modeling,recollection rejection,source monitoring,Strategies,gist memory,verbatim memory,\#duplicates,Fuzzy-trace theory,_tablet_modified,judgments,process dissociation,Guessing,Simulation,Metacognition,conjoint recognition,2008,metacognitive guessing strategies,memory,processing tree models,false-memory,illusion,program},
pages = {570-586},
file = {G\:\\_lokal\\Zotero\\storage\\V6PM58EB\\Stahl und Klauer - 2008 - A simplified conjoint recognition paradigm for the.pdf}
}Digital photography: communication, identity, memory. Dijck, J. v. Visual Communication, 7(1):57–76, February, 2008. 00280
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Taking photographs seems no longer primarily an act of memory intended to safeguard a family's pictorial heritage, but is increasingly becoming a tool for an individual's identity formation and communication. Digital cameras, cameraphones, photoblogs and other multipurpose devices are used to promote the use of images as the preferred idiom of a new generation of users. The aim of this article is to explore how technical changes (digitization) combined with growing insights in cognitive science and socio-cultural transformations have affected personal photography. The increased manipulation of photographic images may suit the individual's need for continuous self-remodelling and instant communication and bonding. However, that same manipulability may also lessen our grip on our images' future repurposing and reframing. Memory is not eradicated from digital multipurpose tools. Instead, the function of memory reappears in the networked, distributed nature of digital photographs, as most images are sent over the internet and stored in virtual space.
@article{dijck_digital_2008,
title = {Digital photography: communication, identity, memory},
volume = {7},
issn = {1470-3572, 1741-3214},
shorttitle = {Digital photography},
url = {http://vcj.sagepub.com.ez54.periodicos.capes.gov.br/content/7/1/57},
doi = {10.1177/1470357207084865},
abstract = {Taking photographs seems no longer primarily an act of memory intended to safeguard a family's pictorial heritage, but is increasingly becoming a tool for an individual's identity formation and communication. Digital cameras, cameraphones, photoblogs and other multipurpose devices are used to promote the use of images as the preferred idiom of a new generation of users. The aim of this article is to explore how technical changes (digitization) combined with growing insights in cognitive science and socio-cultural transformations have affected personal photography. The increased manipulation of photographic images may suit the individual's need for continuous self-remodelling and instant communication and bonding. However, that same manipulability may also lessen our grip on our images' future repurposing and reframing. Memory is not eradicated from digital multipurpose tools. Instead, the function of memory reappears in the networked, distributed nature of digital photographs, as most images are sent over the internet and stored in virtual space.},
language = {en},
number = {1},
urldate = {2016-10-07},
journal = {Visual Communication},
author = {Dijck, José van},
month = feb,
year = {2008},
note = {00280},
keywords = {Abu Ghraib pictures, Photography, digital technology, identity formation, memory, visual culture},
pages = {57--76},
}2007 (5)
Prefrontal regions orchestrate suppression of emotional memories via a two-phase process. Depue, B., E., Curran, T., & Banich, M., T. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2007.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Whether memories can be suppressed has been a controversial issue in psychology and cognitive neuroscience for decades. We found evidence that emotional memories are suppressed via two time-differentiated neural mechanisms: (i) an initial suppression by the right inferior frontal gyrus over regions supporting sensory components of the memory representation (visual cortex, thalamus), followed by (ii) right medial frontal gyrus control over regions supporting multimodal and emotional components of the memory representation (hippocampus, amygdala), both of which are influenced by fronto-polar regions. These results indicate that memory suppression does occur and, at least in nonpsychiatric populations, is under the control of prefrontal regions.
@article{
title = {Prefrontal regions orchestrate suppression of emotional memories via a two-phase process.},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Adult,Amygdala,Amygdala: physiology,Brain Mapping,Cognition,Cues,Emotions,Female,Frontal Lobe,Frontal Lobe: physiology,Hippocampus,Hippocampus: physiology,Humans,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Memory,Mental Recall,Prefrontal Cortex,Prefrontal Cortex: physiology,Pulvinar,Pulvinar: physiology,Repression, Psychology,Thinking,Visual Cortex,Visual Cortex: physiology},
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last_modified = {2016-01-05T19:45:07.000Z},
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abstract = {Whether memories can be suppressed has been a controversial issue in psychology and cognitive neuroscience for decades. We found evidence that emotional memories are suppressed via two time-differentiated neural mechanisms: (i) an initial suppression by the right inferior frontal gyrus over regions supporting sensory components of the memory representation (visual cortex, thalamus), followed by (ii) right medial frontal gyrus control over regions supporting multimodal and emotional components of the memory representation (hippocampus, amygdala), both of which are influenced by fronto-polar regions. These results indicate that memory suppression does occur and, at least in nonpsychiatric populations, is under the control of prefrontal regions.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Depue, Brendan E and Curran, Tim and Banich, Marie T},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)}
}Narrating Pain: The Power of Catharsis. Kearney, R. Paragraph, 30(1):51--66, March, 2007.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex This article explores ways in which narrative retelling and remembering might provide cathartic release for sufferers of trauma. It looks at examples drawn from genocide, literature, history and psychotherapy. It draws particularly from Aristotle's theory of mythos-mimesis and Ricœur's theory of narrative configuration.
@article{ kearney_narrating_2007,
title = {Narrating {Pain}: {The} {Power} of {Catharsis}},
volume = {30},
issn = {02648334},
shorttitle = {Narrating {Pain}},
url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25230217&site=ehost-live},
abstract = {This article explores ways in which narrative retelling and remembering might provide cathartic release for sufferers of trauma. It looks at examples drawn from genocide, literature, history and psychotherapy. It draws particularly from Aristotle's theory of mythos-mimesis and Ricœur's theory of narrative configuration.},
number = {1},
urldate = {2015-09-25TZ},
journal = {Paragraph},
author = {Kearney, Richard},
month = {March},
year = {2007},
keywords = {CATHARSIS, MEMORY, NARRATIVES, PSYCHOTHERAPY, TRAUMATISM, narrative, trauma},
pages = {51--66}
}Cognitive functions in children at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated prenatally with dexamethasone. Hirvikoski, T., Nordenström, A., Lindholm, T., Lindblad, F., Ritzén, E. M., Wedell, A., & Lajic, S. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 92(2):542–548, February, 2007.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
Neuropsychological and behavioural disinhibition in adult ADHD compared to borderline personality disorder. Lampe, K, Konrad, K, Kroener, S, Fast, K, Kunert, H J, & Herpertz, S C Psychological medicine, 37(12):1717–29, December, 2007.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex BACKGROUND: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to be an inhibitory disorder, the question remains of how specific the inhibitory deficit is in adults and whether it distinguishes ADHD from borderline personality disorder (BPD), with which it shares several clinical features, particularly impulsiveness. METHOD: The study assessed various motor and cognitive inhibitory functions (inhibition of prepotent, ongoing and interfering responses) in addition to working memory in adult ADHD patients with and without BPD, compared to subjects with BPD alone and controls. In addition, questionnaire data on various aspects of impulsiveness and anger regulation were assessed in all groups. RESULTS: ADHD patients performed worse than BPD individuals and controls in two inhibitory tasks: the stop signal task and the conflict module of the Attentional Network Task (ANT). In addition, they exhibited longer reaction times (RTs) and higher intra-individual variance in nearly all attentional tasks. The co-morbid group exhibited poor performance on the stop signal task but not on the conflict task. The BPD group barely differed from controls in neuropsychological performance but overlapped with ADHD in some behavioural problems, although they were less severe on the whole. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired inhibition is a core feature in adults with ADHD. In addition, slow RTs and high intra-individual variance in performance may reflect deficits in the regulation of activation and effort in ADHD patients. ADHD and BPD share some symptoms of behavioural dysregulation without common cognitive deficits, at least in the attentional realm.
@article{lampe_neuropsychological_2007,
title = {Neuropsychological and behavioural disinhibition in adult {ADHD} compared to borderline personality disorder.},
volume = {37},
issn = {0033-2917},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17506923},
doi = {10.1017/S0033291707000517},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to be an inhibitory disorder, the question remains of how specific the inhibitory deficit is in adults and whether it distinguishes ADHD from borderline personality disorder (BPD), with which it shares several clinical features, particularly impulsiveness.
METHOD: The study assessed various motor and cognitive inhibitory functions (inhibition of prepotent, ongoing and interfering responses) in addition to working memory in adult ADHD patients with and without BPD, compared to subjects with BPD alone and controls. In addition, questionnaire data on various aspects of impulsiveness and anger regulation were assessed in all groups.
RESULTS: ADHD patients performed worse than BPD individuals and controls in two inhibitory tasks: the stop signal task and the conflict module of the Attentional Network Task (ANT). In addition, they exhibited longer reaction times (RTs) and higher intra-individual variance in nearly all attentional tasks. The co-morbid group exhibited poor performance on the stop signal task but not on the conflict task. The BPD group barely differed from controls in neuropsychological performance but overlapped with ADHD in some behavioural problems, although they were less severe on the whole.
CONCLUSIONS: Impaired inhibition is a core feature in adults with ADHD. In addition, slow RTs and high intra-individual variance in performance may reflect deficits in the regulation of activation and effort in ADHD patients. ADHD and BPD share some symptoms of behavioural dysregulation without common cognitive deficits, at least in the attentional realm.},
number = {12},
urldate = {2015-05-18},
journal = {Psychological medicine},
author = {Lampe, K and Konrad, K and Kroener, S and Fast, K and Kunert, H J and Herpertz, S C},
month = dec,
year = {2007},
pmid = {17506923},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Anger, Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: dia, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity: psy, Borderline Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder: diagnosis, Borderline Personality Disorder: psychology, Comorbidity, Conflict (Psychology), Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Impulsive Behavior: diagnosis, Impulsive Behavior: psychology, Inhibition (Psychology), Male, Memory, Short-Term, Mental Disorders, Mental Disorders: diagnosis, Mental Disorders: psychology, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Neuropsychological Tests: statistics \& numerical d, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time},
pages = {1717--29},
}What's that sound? Matches with auditory long-term memory induce gamma activity in human EEG. Lenz, D., Schadow, J., Thaerig, S., Busch, N., A., & Herrmann, C., S. Int J Psychophysiol, 64:31-38, 4, 2007.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
In recent years the cognitive functions of human gamma-band activity (30-100 Hz) advanced continuously into scientific focus. Not only bottom-up driven influences on 40 Hz activity have been observed, but also top-down processes seem to modulate responses in this frequency band. Among the various functions that have been related to gamma activity a pivotal role has been assigned to memory processes. Visual experiments suggested that gamma activity is involved in matching visual input to memory representations. Based on these findings we hypothesized that such memory related modulations of gamma activity exist in the auditory modality, as well. Thus, we chose environmental sounds for which subjects already had a long-term memory (LTM) representation and compared them to unknown, but physically similar sounds. 21 subjects had to classify sounds as 'recognized' or 'unrecognized', while EEG was recorded. Our data show significantly stronger activity in the induced gamma-band for recognized sounds in the time window between 300 and 500 ms after stimulus onset with a central topography. The results suggest that induced gamma-band activity reflects the matches between sounds and their representations in auditory LTM.
@article{
title = {What's that sound? Matches with auditory long-term memory induce gamma activity in human EEG.},
type = {article},
year = {2007},
identifiers = {[object Object]},
keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation,Adult,Auditory,Auditory Perception,Data Interpretation,Electroencephalography,Evoked Potentials,Feedback,Female,Humans,Male,Memory,Psychomotor Performance,Reaction Time,Statistical},
pages = {31-38},
volume = {64},
month = {4},
id = {20827870-7f19-3274-a885-c2c4d5dd0af9},
created = {2009-09-14T12:16:45.000Z},
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last_modified = {2014-03-05T10:42:13.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {true},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
citation_key = {Lenz2007},
source_type = {article},
abstract = {In recent years the cognitive functions of human gamma-band activity (30-100 Hz) advanced continuously into scientific focus. Not only bottom-up driven influences on 40 Hz activity have been observed, but also top-down processes seem to modulate responses in this frequency band. Among the various functions that have been related to gamma activity a pivotal role has been assigned to memory processes. Visual experiments suggested that gamma activity is involved in matching visual input to memory representations. Based on these findings we hypothesized that such memory related modulations of gamma activity exist in the auditory modality, as well. Thus, we chose environmental sounds for which subjects already had a long-term memory (LTM) representation and compared them to unknown, but physically similar sounds. 21 subjects had to classify sounds as 'recognized' or 'unrecognized', while EEG was recorded. Our data show significantly stronger activity in the induced gamma-band for recognized sounds in the time window between 300 and 500 ms after stimulus onset with a central topography. The results suggest that induced gamma-band activity reflects the matches between sounds and their representations in auditory LTM.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Lenz, Daniel and Schadow, Jeanette and Thaerig, Stefanie and Busch, Niko A and Herrmann, Christoph S},
journal = {Int J Psychophysiol}
}2006 (3)
Aging, memory and visual search. Kramer, A. F., Boot, W. R., McCarley, J. S., Peterson, M. S., Colcombe, A., & Scialfa, C. T. Acta Psychologica, 122(3):288–304, 2006.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Potential age-related differences in the memory processes that underlie visual search are examined in the present study. Using a dynamic, gaze-contingent search paradigm developed to assess memory for previously examined distractors, older adults demonstrated no memory deficit. Surprisingly, older adults made fewer refixations compared to their younger counterparts, indicating better memory for previously inspected objects. This improved memory was not the result of a speed-accuracy trade-off or larger Inhibition-of-Return effects for older than for younger adults. Additional analyses suggested that older adults may derive their benefit from finer spatial encoding of search items. These findings suggest that some of the memory processes that support visual search are relatively age invariant. \textcopyright 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
@article{kramer2006aging,
abstract = {Potential age-related differences in the memory processes that underlie visual search are examined in the present study. Using a dynamic, gaze-contingent search paradigm developed to assess memory for previously examined distractors, older adults demonstrated no memory deficit. Surprisingly, older adults made fewer refixations compared to their younger counterparts, indicating better memory for previously inspected objects. This improved memory was not the result of a speed-accuracy trade-off or larger Inhibition-of-Return effects for older than for younger adults. Additional analyses suggested that older adults may derive their benefit from finer spatial encoding of search items. These findings suggest that some of the memory processes that support visual search are relatively age invariant. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
author = {Kramer, Arthur F. and Boot, Walter R. and McCarley, Jason S. and Peterson, Matthew S. and Colcombe, Angela and Scialfa, Charles T.},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2005.12.007},
isbn = {0001-6918 (Print)$\backslash$r0001-6918 (Linking)},
issn = {00016918},
journal = {Acta Psychologica},
keywords = {Aging,Aging / Lifespan,Attention,Memory,Saccades,Visual search},
mendeley-tags = {Aging / Lifespan},
number = {3},
pages = {288--304},
pmid = {16438921},
title = {{Aging, memory and visual search}},
volume = {122},
year = {2006}
}Neonatal exposure to higher brominated diphenyl ethers, hepta-, octa-, or nonabromodiphenyl ether, impairs spontaneous behavior and learning and memory functions of adult mice. Viberg, H., Johansson, N., Fredriksson, A., Eriksson, J., Marsh, G., & Eriksson, P. Toxicological sciences, 92(1):211–8, July, 2006.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants, have been shown to be increasing in the environment and in human mother's milk. We have earlier reported that lower brominated PBDEs, such as tetra-, penta-, and hexa-brominated diphenyl ethers, can cause developmental neurotoxic effects in mice. Recently, this was also observed with the full-brominated PBDE, deca-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209), although it was suggested that the effects were caused by a (possibly debrominated) metabolite thereof. The present study revealed that 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-nonabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 206), 2,2',3,4,4',5,5',6-octabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 203), and to a minor extent also 2,2',3,4,4',5',6'-heptabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 183) can induce developmental neurotoxic effects. Neonatal Naval Medical Research Institute male mice were exposed on postnatal day 3 or 10 to PBDE 206, PBDE 203, or PBDE 183, given as a single oral dose of 21 mumol/kg body weight. At the adult age of 2-3 months, the mice were observed for performance in a spontaneous behavior test and the Morris water maze test. PBDE 203 and PBDE 206, when administered on neonatal day 10, caused disturbances in spontaneous behavior, leading to disrupted habituation and a hyperactive condition in adults at the age of 2 months. These behavioral changes were also seen in 2-month-old mice exposed to PBDE 203 on neonatal day 3. Furthermore, exposure to PBDE 203 on neonatal day 10 affected learning and memory functions in adult mice. The developmental neurotoxic effects were most pronounced in mice exposed to PBDE 203. These developmental neurobehavioral defects were in agreement with those we observed previously with lower brominated PBDEs and with PBDE 209. It is important to consider the fact that different PBDE congeners can have differing degrees of potency, when comparing levels of PBDEs in the environment and in mother's milk.
@article{viberg_neonatal_2006,
title = {Neonatal exposure to higher brominated diphenyl ethers, hepta-, octa-, or nonabromodiphenyl ether, impairs spontaneous behavior and learning and memory functions of adult mice.},
volume = {92},
issn = {1096-6080},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611620},
doi = {10.1093/toxsci/kfj196},
abstract = {Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants, have been shown to be increasing in the environment and in human mother's milk. We have earlier reported that lower brominated PBDEs, such as tetra-, penta-, and hexa-brominated diphenyl ethers, can cause developmental neurotoxic effects in mice. Recently, this was also observed with the full-brominated PBDE, deca-brominated diphenyl ether (PBDE 209), although it was suggested that the effects were caused by a (possibly debrominated) metabolite thereof. The present study revealed that 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6-nonabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 206), 2,2',3,4,4',5,5',6-octabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 203), and to a minor extent also 2,2',3,4,4',5',6'-heptabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 183) can induce developmental neurotoxic effects. Neonatal Naval Medical Research Institute male mice were exposed on postnatal day 3 or 10 to PBDE 206, PBDE 203, or PBDE 183, given as a single oral dose of 21 mumol/kg body weight. At the adult age of 2-3 months, the mice were observed for performance in a spontaneous behavior test and the Morris water maze test. PBDE 203 and PBDE 206, when administered on neonatal day 10, caused disturbances in spontaneous behavior, leading to disrupted habituation and a hyperactive condition in adults at the age of 2 months. These behavioral changes were also seen in 2-month-old mice exposed to PBDE 203 on neonatal day 3. Furthermore, exposure to PBDE 203 on neonatal day 10 affected learning and memory functions in adult mice. The developmental neurotoxic effects were most pronounced in mice exposed to PBDE 203. These developmental neurobehavioral defects were in agreement with those we observed previously with lower brominated PBDEs and with PBDE 209. It is important to consider the fact that different PBDE congeners can have differing degrees of potency, when comparing levels of PBDEs in the environment and in mother's milk.},
number = {1},
journal = {Toxicological sciences},
author = {Viberg, Henrik and Johansson, Niclas and Fredriksson, Anders and Eriksson, Johan and Marsh, Göran and Eriksson, Per},
month = jul,
year = {2006},
pmid = {16611620},
keywords = {Animal, Animal: drug effects, Animals, Behavior, Ethers, Flame retardants, Learning, Learning: drug effects, Male, Memory, Memory: drug effects, Mice, Newborn, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Biphenyls: toxicity, frelec, tox},
pages = {211--8},
}Is motion extrapolation employed in multiple object tracking? Tracking as a low-level, non-predictive function. Keane, B. P & Pylyshyn, Z. W Cognit Psychol, 52(4):346-68, 2006.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
In a series of five experiments, we investigated whether visual tracking mechanisms utilize prediction when recovering multiple reappearing objects. When all objects abruptly disappeared and reappeared mid-trajectory, it was found that (a) subjects tracked better when objects reappeared at their loci of disappearance than when they reappeared in their extrapolated trajectories, (b) disappearance episodes ranging from 150 to 900 ms had virtually no differential effect on performance, (c) tracking deteriorated monotonically as a function of displacement magnitude during disappearance, and (d) tracking did not depend on whether objects moved in predictable paths. Even objects that reappeared backward in their trajectories were tracked dramatically better than objects that reappeared in their extrapolated trajectories. When all objects disappeared and reappeared in ways that implicated the presence of an occluder (i.e., with occlusion and disocclusion cues along fixed contours), tracking again was not predictive, and performance deteriorated with increased displacement. When objects reappeared predictably in 75% of trials, they were still tracked better when they reappeared at their points of disappearance. Theoretical implications of a non-predictive multiple object tracking mechanism are discussed.
@Article{Keane2006,
author = {Brian P Keane and Zenon W Pylyshyn},
journal = {Cognit Psychol},
title = {Is motion extrapolation employed in multiple object tracking? {T}racking as a low-level, non-predictive function.},
year = {2006},
number = {4},
pages = {346-68},
volume = {52},
abstract = {In a series of five experiments, we investigated whether visual tracking
mechanisms utilize prediction when recovering multiple reappearing
objects. When all objects abruptly disappeared and reappeared mid-trajectory,
it was found that (a) subjects tracked better when objects reappeared
at their loci of disappearance than when they reappeared in their
extrapolated trajectories, (b) disappearance episodes ranging from
150 to 900 ms had virtually no differential effect on performance,
(c) tracking deteriorated monotonically as a function of displacement
magnitude during disappearance, and (d) tracking did not depend on
whether objects moved in predictable paths. Even objects that reappeared
backward in their trajectories were tracked dramatically better than
objects that reappeared in their extrapolated trajectories. When
all objects disappeared and reappeared in ways that implicated the
presence of an occluder (i.e., with occlusion and disocclusion cues
along fixed contours), tracking again was not predictive, and performance
deteriorated with increased displacement. When objects reappeared
predictably in 75\% of trials, they were still tracked better when
they reappeared at their points of disappearance. Theoretical implications
of a non-predictive multiple object tracking mechanism are discussed.},
doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2005.12.001},
keywords = {Attention, Humans, Memory, Motion Perception, Visual Perception, 16442088},
}2005 (3)
Exploring dyslexics' phonological deficit I: lexical vs sub-lexical and input vs output processes. Szenkovits, G. & Ramus, F. Dyslexia, 11(4):253-68, 2005.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We report a series of experiments designed to explore the locus of the phonological deficit in dyslexia. Phonological processing of dyslexic adults is compared to that of age- and IQ-matched controls. Dyslexics' impaired performance on tasks involving nonwords suggests that sub-lexical phonological representations are deficient. Contrasting nonword repetition vs auditory nonword discrimination suggests that dyslexics are specifically impaired in input phonological processing. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the deficit initially affects input sub-lexical processes, and further spreads to output and lexical processes in the course of language acquisition. Further longitudinal research is required to confirm this scenario as well as to tease apart the role of the quality of phonological representations from that of verbal short-term memory processes.
@Article{Szenkovits2005,
author = {Gayaneh Szenkovits and Franck Ramus},
journal = {Dyslexia},
title = {Exploring dyslexics' phonological deficit {I}: lexical vs sub-lexical and input vs output processes.},
year = {2005},
number = {4},
pages = {253-68},
volume = {11},
abstract = {We report a series of experiments designed to explore the locus of
the phonological deficit in dyslexia. Phonological processing of
dyslexic adults is compared to that of age- and IQ-matched controls.
Dyslexics' impaired performance on tasks involving nonwords suggests
that sub-lexical phonological representations are deficient. Contrasting
nonword repetition vs auditory nonword discrimination suggests that
dyslexics are specifically impaired in input phonological processing.
These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the deficit initially
affects input sub-lexical processes, and further spreads to output
and lexical processes in the course of language acquisition. Further
longitudinal research is required to confirm this scenario as well
as to tease apart the role of the quality of phonological representations
from that of verbal short-term memory processes.},
keywords = {Adult, Dyslexia, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Phonetics, Vocabulary, 16355747},
}Face adaptation: Changing stable representations of familiar faces within minutes?. Carbon, C., C. & Leder, H. Advances in Cognitive Psychology, 1(1):1-7, 2005.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Three experiments are reported showing that the perception and the assessment of veridicality of familiar faces are highly adaptive to new visual information. Subjects were asked to discriminate between real photographs and altered versions of celebrities. Exposing participants to extremely deviated versions changed the usually stable representations of the famous faces within a very short time. In Exp.1, exposure to an extreme face version resulted in identity decisions shifted towards the exposed one. Exp.2 revealed that the effects are not short lasting. In Exp.3, we showed that the effect also generalizes to different pictures of the same famous person. The sum of experiments seem to indicate that the brain permanently adapts to new perceptual information and integrates new data within already elaborated representations in a fast way.
@article{
title = {Face adaptation: Changing stable representations of familiar faces within minutes?},
type = {article},
year = {2005},
keywords = {Face recognition,Face representation,adaptation effect,learning,memory},
pages = {1-7},
volume = {1},
id = {c73faf5b-cee6-33d7-ba00-d823a6625253},
created = {2015-08-04T10:46:39.000Z},
file_attached = {false},
profile_id = {93310fd0-8520-3190-9628-e3ff8970ac4d},
group_id = {8d778914-479e-36e8-b5de-8dd298fa3ac0},
last_modified = {2015-08-04T10:46:39.000Z},
read = {false},
starred = {false},
authored = {false},
confirmed = {true},
hidden = {false},
citation_key = {ieB},
source_type = {article},
abstract = {Three experiments are reported showing that the perception and the assessment of veridicality of familiar faces are highly adaptive to new visual information. Subjects were asked to discriminate between real photographs and altered versions of celebrities. Exposing participants to extremely deviated versions changed the usually stable representations of the famous faces within a very short time. In Exp.1, exposure to an extreme face version resulted in identity decisions shifted towards the exposed one. Exp.2 revealed that the effects are not short lasting. In Exp.3, we showed that the effect also generalizes to different pictures of the same famous person. The sum of experiments seem to indicate that the brain permanently adapts to new perceptual information and integrates new data within already elaborated representations in a fast way.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Carbon, C C and Leder, H},
journal = {Advances in Cognitive Psychology},
number = {1}
}Verbal episodic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: a combined structural and functional MRI study. Remy, F., Mirrashed, F., Campbell, B., & Richter, W. Neuroimage, 25(1):253–66, 2005.
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex @article{remy_verbal_2005,
title = {Verbal episodic memory impairment in {Alzheimer}'s disease: a combined structural and functional {MRI} study},
volume = {25},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15734360},
doi = {10/b5ncqj},
number = {1},
journal = {Neuroimage},
author = {Remy, F. and Mirrashed, F. and Campbell, B. and Richter, W.},
year = {2005},
keywords = {\#nosource, *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, *Imaging, Three-Dimensional, *Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Aged, Alzheimer Disease/pathology/*physiopathology, Atrophy, Brain/pathology/*physiopathology, Cerebral Cortex/pathology/physiopathology, Dominance, Cerebral/physiology, Female, Hippocampus/pathology/physiopathology, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders/pathology/*physiopathology, Memory, Short-Term/physiology, Middle Aged, Nerve Net/pathology/physiopathology, Neuropsychological Tests, Reference Values, Verbal Learning/*physiology},
pages = {253--66},
}2004 (9)
Animal behaviour: Coalition among male fiddler crabs. Backwell, P. R Y & Jennions, M. D Nature, 430(6998):417, 2004.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Until now, no compelling evidence has emerged from studies of animal territoriality to indicate that a resident will strategically help a neighbour to defend its territory against an intruder. We show here that territory-owning Australian fiddler crabs will judiciously assist other crabs in defending their neighbouring territories. This cooperation supports the prediction that it is sometimes less costly to assist a familiar neighbour than to renegotiate boundaries with a new, and possibly stronger, neighbour.
@Article{Backwell2004,
author = {Patricia R Y Backwell and Michael D Jennions},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Animal behaviour: {C}oalition among male fiddler crabs.},
year = {2004},
number = {6998},
pages = {417},
volume = {430},
abstract = {Until now, no compelling evidence has emerged from studies of animal
territoriality to indicate that a resident will strategically help
a neighbour to defend its territory against an intruder. We show
here that territory-owning Australian fiddler crabs will judiciously
assist other crabs in defending their neighbouring territories. This
cooperation supports the prediction that it is sometimes less costly
to assist a familiar neighbour than to renegotiate boundaries with
a new, and possibly stronger, neighbour.},
doi = {10.1038/430417a},
keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Pair Bond, Social Behavior, Songbirds, Adolescent, England, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Korea, Language, Semantics, Vocabulary, Action Potentials, Hippocampus, Pyramidal Cells, Rats, Rotation, Australia, Brachyura, Cooperative Behavior, Logistic Models, Territoriality, 15269757},
}Executive functioning in school-aged children who were born very preterm or with extremely low birth weight in the 1990s. Anderson, P. J & Doyle, L. W Pediatrics, 114(1):50–7, July, 2004.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, nature, and severity of executive dysfunction (EDF) at 8 years of age in extremely low birth weight (ELBW)/very preterm infants who were born in the 1990s, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects. METHODS: A geographically determined cohort study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The ELBW/very preterm cohort comprised 298 consecutive survivors at 2 years of age who had gestational ages \textless28 completed weeks or birth weights \textless1000 g and were born during 1991-1992. The NBW cohort comprised 262 randomly selected children of birth weight \textgreater2499 g matched on date of birth, gender, ethnicity, and health insurance status. The participation rate was 92% (275 of 298) for the ELBW/very preterm cohort and 85% (223 of 262) for the NBW cohort. Cognitive and behavioral measures of executive functioning were administered. RESULTS: The ELBW/very preterm cohort exhibited significant EDF compared with their NBW peers in all areas assessed. The cognitive assessment revealed global impairment rather than deficits in specific executive domains. The ELBW/very preterm children also displayed more behavioral problems indicative of EDF than the NBW children. Severe impairments were exhibited in only a small minority of ELBW/very preterm children. No statistical conclusions were altered after adjustment for sociodemographic variables or when children with substantial neurosensory impairment were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: School-aged children who were born in the 1990s and were very preterm or had ELBW are at greater risk for developing EDF and require ongoing neuropsychological review throughout middle childhood.
@article{anderson_executive_2004,
title = {Executive functioning in school-aged children who were born very preterm or with extremely low birth weight in the 1990s.},
volume = {114},
issn = {1098-4275},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231907},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency, nature, and severity of executive dysfunction (EDF) at 8 years of age in extremely low birth weight (ELBW)/very preterm infants who were born in the 1990s, compared with normal birth weight (NBW) control subjects.
METHODS: A geographically determined cohort study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. The ELBW/very preterm cohort comprised 298 consecutive survivors at 2 years of age who had gestational ages {\textless}28 completed weeks or birth weights {\textless}1000 g and were born during 1991-1992. The NBW cohort comprised 262 randomly selected children of birth weight {\textgreater}2499 g matched on date of birth, gender, ethnicity, and health insurance status. The participation rate was 92\% (275 of 298) for the ELBW/very preterm cohort and 85\% (223 of 262) for the NBW cohort. Cognitive and behavioral measures of executive functioning were administered.
RESULTS: The ELBW/very preterm cohort exhibited significant EDF compared with their NBW peers in all areas assessed. The cognitive assessment revealed global impairment rather than deficits in specific executive domains. The ELBW/very preterm children also displayed more behavioral problems indicative of EDF than the NBW children. Severe impairments were exhibited in only a small minority of ELBW/very preterm children. No statistical conclusions were altered after adjustment for sociodemographic variables or when children with substantial neurosensory impairment were excluded.
CONCLUSIONS: School-aged children who were born in the 1990s and were very preterm or had ELBW are at greater risk for developing EDF and require ongoing neuropsychological review throughout middle childhood.},
number = {1},
urldate = {2015-05-26},
journal = {Pediatrics},
author = {Anderson, Peter J and Doyle, Lex W},
month = jul,
year = {2004},
pmid = {15231907},
keywords = {Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Cohort Studies, Developmental Disabilities, Female, Form Perception, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Intelligence, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests},
pages = {50--7},
}Synaptic computation. Abbott, L. & Regehr, W. G Nature, 431(7010):796-803, 2004.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Neurons are often considered to be the computational engines of the brain, with synapses acting solely as conveyers of information. But the diverse types of synaptic plasticity and the range of timescales over which they operate suggest that synapses have a more active role in information processing. Long-term changes in the transmission properties of synapses provide a physiological substrate for learning and memory, whereas short-term changes support a variety of computations. By expressing several forms of synaptic plasticity, a single neuron can convey an array of different signals to the neural circuit in which it operates.
@Article{Abbott2004,
author = {LF Abbott and Wade G Regehr},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Synaptic computation.},
year = {2004},
number = {7010},
pages = {796-803},
volume = {431},
abstract = {Neurons are often considered to be the computational engines of the
brain, with synapses acting solely as conveyers of information. But
the diverse types of synaptic plasticity and the range of timescales
over which they operate suggest that synapses have a more active
role in information processing. Long-term changes in the transmission
properties of synapses provide a physiological substrate for learning
and memory, whereas short-term changes support a variety of computations.
By expressing several forms of synaptic plasticity, a single neuron
can convey an array of different signals to the neural circuit in
which it operates.},
doi = {10.1038/nature03010},
groups = {Gain control},
keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, 15483601},
}Seeing the disappearance of unseen objects. Mitroff, S. R & Scholl, B. J Perception, 33(10):1267-73, 2004.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Because of the massive amount of incoming visual information, perception is fundamentally selective. We are aware of only a small subset of our visual input at any given moment, and a great deal of activity can occur right in front of our eyes without reaching awareness. While previous work has shown that even salient visual objects can go unseen, here we demonstrate the opposite pattern, wherein observers perceive stimuli which are not physically present. In particular, we show in two motion-induced blindness experiments that unseen objects can momentarily reenter awareness when they physically disappear: in some situations, you can see the disappearance of something you can't see. Moreover, when a stimulus changes outside of awareness in this situation and then physically disappears, observers momentarily see the altered version–thus perceiving properties of an object that they had never seen before, after that object is already gone. This phenomenon of 'perceptual reentry' yields new insights into the relationship between visual memory and conscious awareness.
@Article{Mitroff2004a,
author = {Stephen R Mitroff and Brian J Scholl},
journal = {Perception},
title = {Seeing the disappearance of unseen objects.},
year = {2004},
number = {10},
pages = {1267-73},
volume = {33},
abstract = {Because of the massive amount of incoming visual information, perception
is fundamentally selective. We are aware of only a small subset of
our visual input at any given moment, and a great deal of activity
can occur right in front of our eyes without reaching awareness.
While previous work has shown that even salient visual objects can
go unseen, here we demonstrate the opposite pattern, wherein observers
perceive stimuli which are not physically present. In particular,
we show in two motion-induced blindness experiments that unseen objects
can momentarily reenter awareness when they physically disappear:
in some situations, you can see the disappearance of something you
can't see. Moreover, when a stimulus changes outside of awareness
in this situation and then physically disappears, observers momentarily
see the altered version--thus perceiving properties of an object
that they had never seen before, after that object is already gone.
This phenomenon of 'perceptual reentry' yields new insights into
the relationship between visual memory and conscious awareness.},
keywords = {Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Humans, Intraductal, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychophysics, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Switzerland, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15693670},
}Illusory causal crescents: Misperceived spatial relations due to perceived causality. Scholl, B. J & Nakayama, K. Perception, 33(4):455-69, 2004.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent, at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collision–ie we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception. Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation. This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect the perception of other spatial properties.
@Article{Scholl2004,
author = {Brian J Scholl and Ken Nakayama},
journal = {Perception},
title = {Illusory causal crescents: {M}isperceived spatial relations due to perceived causality.},
year = {2004},
number = {4},
pages = {455-69},
volume = {33},
abstract = {When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent,
at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collision--ie
we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters
which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many
studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception.
Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality
affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved
in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the
amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as
a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the
event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of
the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when
the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation.
This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed
completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect
the perception of other spatial properties.},
keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intraductal, Judgment, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15222393},
}Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of Europe. Mellars, P. Nature, 432(7016):461-5, 2004.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The fate of the Neanderthal populations of Europe and western Asia has gripped the popular and scientific imaginations for the past century. Following at least 200,000 years of successful adaptation to the glacial climates of northwestern Eurasia, they disappeared abruptly between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago, to be replaced by populations all but identical to modern humans. Recent research suggests that the roots of this dramatic population replacement can be traced far back to events on another continent, with the appearance of distinctively modern human remains and artefacts in eastern and southern Africa.
@Article{Mellars2004,
author = {Paul Mellars},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of {E}urope.},
year = {2004},
number = {7016},
pages = {461-5},
volume = {432},
abstract = {The fate of the Neanderthal populations of Europe and western Asia
has gripped the popular and scientific imaginations for the past
century. Following at least 200,000 years of successful adaptation
to the glacial climates of northwestern Eurasia, they disappeared
abruptly between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago, to be replaced by populations
all but identical to modern humans. Recent research suggests that
the roots of this dramatic population replacement can be traced far
back to events on another continent, with the appearance of distinctively
modern human remains and artefacts in eastern and southern Africa.},
doi = {10.1038/nature03103},
keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Pair Bond, Social Behavior, Songbirds, Adolescent, England, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Korea, Language, Semantics, Vocabulary, Action Potentials, Hippocampus, Pyramidal Cells, Rats, Rotation, Australia, Brachyura, Cooperative Behavior, Logistic Models, Territoriality, Africa, Archaeology, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Geography, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, 15565144},
}Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Bramble, D. M & Lieberman, D. E Nature, 432(7015):345-52, 2004.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Striding bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly originated soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human lineages. Although bipedal gaits include walking and running, running is generally considered to have played no major role in human evolution because humans, like apes, are poor sprinters compared to most quadrupeds. Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance running, and review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance running capabilities in humans and other mammals. Judged by several criteria, humans perform remarkably well at endurance running, thanks to a diverse array of features, many of which leave traces in the skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features suggests that endurance running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about 2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution of the human body form.
@Article{Bramble2004,
author = {Dennis M Bramble and Daniel E Lieberman},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Endurance running and the evolution of {H}omo.},
year = {2004},
number = {7015},
pages = {345-52},
volume = {432},
abstract = {Striding bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly
originated soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human
lineages. Although bipedal gaits include walking and running, running
is generally considered to have played no major role in human evolution
because humans, like apes, are poor sprinters compared to most quadrupeds.
Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance
running, and review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance
running capabilities in humans and other mammals. Judged by several
criteria, humans perform remarkably well at endurance running, thanks
to a diverse array of features, many of which leave traces in the
skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features suggests that endurance
running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about
2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution
of the human body form.},
doi = {10.1038/nature03052},
keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, 15549097},
}Perceiving action identity: How pianists recognize their own performances. Repp, B. H & Knoblich, G. Psychol Sci, 15(9):604-9, 2004.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Can skilled performers, such as artists or athletes, recognize the products of their own actions? We recorded 12 pianists playing 12 mostly unfamiliar musical excerpts, half of them on a silent keyboard. Several months later, we played these performances back and asked the pianists to use a 5-point scale to rate whether they thought they were the person playing each excerpt (1 = no, 5 = yes). They gave their own performances significantly higher ratings than any other pianist's performances. In two later follow-up tests, we presented edited performances from which differences in tempo, overall dynamic (i.e., intensity) level, and dynamic nuances had been removed. The pianists' ratings did not change significantly, which suggests that the remaining information (expressive timing and articulation) was sufficient for self-recognition. Absence of sound during recording had no significant effect. These results are best explained by the hypothesis that an observer's action system is most strongly activated during perception of self-produced actions.
@Article{Repp2004,
author = {Bruno H Repp and G\"unther Knoblich},
journal = {Psychol Sci},
title = {Perceiving action identity: {H}ow pianists recognize their own performances.},
year = {2004},
number = {9},
pages = {604-9},
volume = {15},
abstract = {Can skilled performers, such as artists or athletes, recognize the
products of their own actions? We recorded 12 pianists playing 12
mostly unfamiliar musical excerpts, half of them on a silent keyboard.
Several months later, we played these performances back and asked
the pianists to use a 5-point scale to rate whether they thought
they were the person playing each excerpt (1 = no, 5 = yes). They
gave their own performances significantly higher ratings than any
other pianist's performances. In two later follow-up tests, we presented
edited performances from which differences in tempo, overall dynamic
(i.e., intensity) level, and dynamic nuances had been removed. The
pianists' ratings did not change significantly, which suggests that
the remaining information (expressive timing and articulation) was
sufficient for self-recognition. Absence of sound during recording
had no significant effect. These results are best explained by the
hypothesis that an observer's action system is most strongly activated
during perception of self-produced actions.},
doi = {10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00727.x},
keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Comparative Study, Crustacea, Nerve Net, Neurons, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synapses, Axons, Brain Mapping, Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase, Cholera Toxin, Dendrites, Geniculate Bodies, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motion Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Temporal Lobe, Vision, Low, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Adult, Americas, Analysis of Variance, Female, Hearing Impaired Persons, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Reading, Sign Language, Verbal Learning, Eye Movements, Time Factors, Verbal Behavior, Auditory Perception, Follow-Up Studies, Music, Psychomotor Performance, Recognition (Psychology), 15327631},
}Impaired working memory for location but not for colour or shape in visual neglect: a comparison of parietal and non-parietal lesions. Pisella, L., Berberovic, N., & Mattingley, J. Cortex, 40(2):379–90, 2004.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Patients with spatial neglect due to right hemisphere pathology may show 'revisiting' behaviour during visual search and cancellation tasks, such that previously encountered targets are treated as if they are new discoveries. Revisiting behaviour is particularly evident when no visible trace is left to inform patients that a particular target has already been detected (Husain et al., 2001; Wojciulik et al., 2001), implying that spatial working memory may be impaired in neglect. To test whether working memory for location is selectively impaired relative to memory for colour and shape, we compared performances of right hemisphere neglect patients with parietal (n = 4) and non-parietal (n = 4) lesions on a change detection task. Patients were presented with a matrix containing four objects in different positions, and required to detect a change in the location, colour or shape of one of the objects following presentation of a brief visual mask. Parietal patients were selectively impaired in detecting location changes, regardless of the horizontal position of the object in the matrix, relative to colour and shape changes. This deficit of spatial working memory was not apparent for neglect patients with lesions that spared the parietal cortex. We conclude that the human parietal cortex is crucially involved in the updating and maintenance of spatial representations across saccades, and that neglect arising from parietal damage causes impairment in these re-mapping mechanisms.
@article{pisella_impaired_2004,
title = {Impaired working memory for location but not for colour or shape in visual neglect: a comparison of parietal and non-parietal lesions},
volume = {40},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15156795},
doi = {10/cq24fj},
abstract = {Patients with spatial neglect due to right hemisphere pathology may show 'revisiting' behaviour during visual search and cancellation tasks, such that previously encountered targets are treated as if they are new discoveries. Revisiting behaviour is particularly evident when no visible trace is left to inform patients that a particular target has already been detected (Husain et al., 2001; Wojciulik et al., 2001), implying that spatial working memory may be impaired in neglect. To test whether working memory for location is selectively impaired relative to memory for colour and shape, we compared performances of right hemisphere neglect patients with parietal (n = 4) and non-parietal (n = 4) lesions on a change detection task. Patients were presented with a matrix containing four objects in different positions, and required to detect a change in the location, colour or shape of one of the objects following presentation of a brief visual mask. Parietal patients were selectively impaired in detecting location changes, regardless of the horizontal position of the object in the matrix, relative to colour and shape changes. This deficit of spatial working memory was not apparent for neglect patients with lesions that spared the parietal cortex. We conclude that the human parietal cortex is crucially involved in the updating and maintenance of spatial representations across saccades, and that neglect arising from parietal damage causes impairment in these re-mapping mechanisms.},
number = {2},
journal = {Cortex},
author = {Pisella, L. and Berberovic, N. and Mattingley, J.B.},
year = {2004},
keywords = {\#nosource, Adult, Aged, Brain Damage, Chronic/complications/*physiopathology, Color Perception/*physiology, Female, Functional Laterality/physiology, Humans, Male, Memory Disorders/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology, Memory, Short-Term/*physiology, Middle Aged, Parietal Lobe/*physiology/physiopathology, Perceptual Disorders/complications/pathology/*physiopathology, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception/*physiology},
pages = {379--90},
}2003 (3)
Activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation and hebbian LTP are both required and interact during classical conditioning in Aplysia. Antonov, I., Antonova, I., Kandel, E. R, & Hawkins, R. D Neuron, 37(1):135-47, 2003.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Using a simplified preparation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex, we previously found that associative plasticity at synapses between sensory neurons and motor neurons contributes importantly to classical conditioning of the reflex. We have now tested the roles in that plasticity of two associative cellular mechanisms: activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic facilitation and postsynaptically induced long-term potentiation. By perturbing molecular signaling pathways in individual neurons, we have provided the most direct evidence to date that each of these mechanisms contributes to behavioral learning. In addition, our results suggest that the two mechanisms are not independent but rather interact through retrograde signaling.
@Article{Antonov2003,
author = {Igor Antonov and Irina Antonova and Eric R Kandel and Robert D Hawkins},
journal = {Neuron},
title = {Activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation and hebbian {LTP} are both required and interact during classical conditioning in {A}plysia.},
year = {2003},
number = {1},
pages = {135-47},
volume = {37},
abstract = {Using a simplified preparation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex,
we previously found that associative plasticity at synapses between
sensory neurons and motor neurons contributes importantly to classical
conditioning of the reflex. We have now tested the roles in that
plasticity of two associative cellular mechanisms: activity-dependent
enhancement of presynaptic facilitation and postsynaptically induced
long-term potentiation. By perturbing molecular signaling pathways
in individual neurons, we have provided the most direct evidence
to date that each of these mechanisms contributes to behavioral learning.
In addition, our results suggest that the two mechanisms are not
independent but rather interact through retrograde signaling.},
keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Evaluation Studies, Hippocampus, Human, Learning, Long-Term Potentiation, Memory, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Synapses, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Electric Stimulation, Isomerism, Rats, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Neurotransmitter, Valine, Visual Perception, Action Potentials, Calcium Signaling, Central Nervous System, Chelating Agents, Conditioning (Psychology), Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Enzyme Inhibitors, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Motor Neurons, Neurons, Afferent, Reaction Time, Reflex, Signal Transduction, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synaptic Transmission, 12526779},
}Conservation of total synaptic weight through balanced synaptic depression and potentiation. Royer, S. & Paré, D. Nature, 422(6931):518--522, April, 2003.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Memory is believed to depend on activity-dependent changes in the strength of synapses. In part, this view is based on evidence that the efficacy of synapses can be enhanced or depressed depending on the timing of pre- and postsynaptic activity. However, when such plastic synapses are incorporated into neural network models, stability problems may develop because the potentiation or depression of synapses increases the likelihood that they will be further strengthened or weakened. Here we report biological evidence for a homeostatic mechanism that reconciles the apparently opposite requirements of plasticity and stability. We show that, in intercalated neurons of the amygdala, activity-dependent potentiation or depression of particular glutamatergic inputs leads to opposite changes in the strength of inputs ending at other dendritic sites. As a result, little change in total synaptic weight occurs, even though the relative strength of inputs is modified. Furthermore, hetero- but not homosynaptic alterations are blocked by intracellular dialysis of drugs that prevent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Thus, in intercalated neurons at least, inverse heterosynaptic plasticity tends to compensate for homosynaptic long-term potentiation and depression, thus stabilizing total synaptic weight.
@article{royer_conservation_2003,
title = {Conservation of total synaptic weight through balanced synaptic depression and potentiation},
volume = {422},
issn = {0028-0836},
doi = {10.1038/nature01530},
abstract = {Memory is believed to depend on activity-dependent changes in the strength of synapses. In part, this view is based on evidence that the efficacy of synapses can be enhanced or depressed depending on the timing of pre- and postsynaptic activity. However, when such plastic synapses are incorporated into neural network models, stability problems may develop because the potentiation or depression of synapses increases the likelihood that they will be further strengthened or weakened. Here we report biological evidence for a homeostatic mechanism that reconciles the apparently opposite requirements of plasticity and stability. We show that, in intercalated neurons of the amygdala, activity-dependent potentiation or depression of particular glutamatergic inputs leads to opposite changes in the strength of inputs ending at other dendritic sites. As a result, little change in total synaptic weight occurs, even though the relative strength of inputs is modified. Furthermore, hetero- but not homosynaptic alterations are blocked by intracellular dialysis of drugs that prevent Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Thus, in intercalated neurons at least, inverse heterosynaptic plasticity tends to compensate for homosynaptic long-term potentiation and depression, thus stabilizing total synaptic weight.},
language = {eng},
number = {6931},
journal = {Nature},
author = {Royer, Sébastien and Paré, Denis},
month = apr,
year = {2003},
pmid = {12673250},
keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Calcium, DNA, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Guinea Pigs, Long-Term Potentiation, Membrane Potentials, Neuronal Plasticity, Neuroscience, RNA, Signal Transduction, Synapses, astronomy, astrophysics, biochemistry, bioinformatics, biology, biotechnology, cancer, cell cycle, cell signalling, climate change, computational biology, development, developmental biology, drug discovery, earth science, ecology, environmental science, evolution, evolutionary biology, functional genomics, genetics, genomics, geophysics, immunology, interdisciplinary science, life, marine biology, materials science, medical research, medicine, memory, metabolomics, molecular biology, molecular interactions, nanotechnology, nature, neurobiology, palaeobiology, pharmacology, physics, proteomics, quantum physics, science, science news, science policy, structural biology, systems biology, transcriptomics},
pages = {518--522}
}Attentive tracking of objects versus substances. VanMarle, K. & Scholl, B. J Psychol Sci, 14(5):498-504, 2003.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Recent research in vision science, infant cognition, and word learning suggests a special role for the processing of discrete objects. But what counts as an object? Answers to this question often depend on contrasting object-based processing with the processing of spatial areas or unbound visual features. In infant cognition and word learning, though, another salient contrast has been between rigid cohesive objects and nonsolid substances. Whereas objects may move from one location to another, a nonsolid substance must pour from one location to another. In the study reported here, we explored whether attentive tracking processes are sensitive to dynamic information of this type. Using a multiple-object tracking task, we found that subjects could easily track four items in a display of eight identical unpredictably moving entities that moved as discrete objects from one location to another, but could not track similar entities that noncohesively "poured" from one location to another-even when the items in both conditions followed the same trajectories at the same speeds. Other conditions revealed that this inability to track multiple "substances" stemmed not from violations of rigidity or cohesiveness per se, because subjects were able to track multiple noncohesive collections and multiple nonrigid deforming objects. Rather, the impairment was due to the dynamic extension and contraction during the substancelike motion, which rendered the location of the entity ambiguous. These results demonstrate a convergence between processes of midlevel adult vision and infant cognition, and in general help to clarify what can count as a persisting dynamic object of attention.
@Article{VanMarle2003,
author = {Kristy VanMarle and Brian J Scholl},
journal = {Psychol Sci},
title = {Attentive tracking of objects versus substances.},
year = {2003},
number = {5},
pages = {498-504},
volume = {14},
abstract = {Recent research in vision science, infant cognition, and word learning
suggests a special role for the processing of discrete objects. But
what counts as an object? Answers to this question often depend on
contrasting object-based processing with the processing of spatial
areas or unbound visual features. In infant cognition and word learning,
though, another salient contrast has been between rigid cohesive
objects and nonsolid substances. Whereas objects may move from one
location to another, a nonsolid substance must pour from one location
to another. In the study reported here, we explored whether attentive
tracking processes are sensitive to dynamic information of this type.
Using a multiple-object tracking task, we found that subjects could
easily track four items in a display of eight identical unpredictably
moving entities that moved as discrete objects from one location
to another, but could not track similar entities that noncohesively
"poured" from one location to another-even when the items in both
conditions followed the same trajectories at the same speeds. Other
conditions revealed that this inability to track multiple "substances"
stemmed not from violations of rigidity or cohesiveness per se, because
subjects were able to track multiple noncohesive collections and
multiple nonrigid deforming objects. Rather, the impairment was due
to the dynamic extension and contraction during the substancelike
motion, which rendered the location of the entity ambiguous. These
results demonstrate a convergence between processes of midlevel adult
vision and infant cognition, and in general help to clarify what
can count as a persisting dynamic object of attention.},
keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimony Sodium Gluconate, Antineoplastic Agents, Antiviral Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Bone and Bones, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Chronic Disease, Clarithromycin, Cognition, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cross Infection, Cues, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, Electrocoagulation, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intervertebral Disk, Intraductal, Judgment, Legionnaires' Disease, Leishmaniasis, Liver Transplantation, Low Back Pain, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Middle Aged, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, Osteonecrosis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Postoperative Complications, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Schistosomicides, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Viral Load, Visceral, Visual, Visual Perception, 12930483},
}2002 (6)
Voluntazy and automatic attentional control of visual working memory. Schmidt, B., Vogel, E., Woodman, G., & Luck, S. 64(5):754-63, 2002.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Previous studies of attention-directing cues have focused largely on the effects of cuing on perceptual processes, but cuing may also influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory. In the present study, we examined this potential role of cues, using both predictive and non-predictive cues in the context of a visual working memory task. Each trial began with a cue, followed by an array of six colored squares, a delay interval, and then a probe square presented at th e location of one of the squares in the previous array. The subjects were required to indicate whether the color of the probe square was the same as the color of the square that had previously been presented at the same location. Performance on this working memory task was more accurate when the cued location was probed than when an uncued location was probed, even when the cued location was no more likely to be probed than any of the uncued locations. An additional experiment using the abrupt-onset paradigm of Yantis and Jonides (1984) yielded similar results. Thus, visual transients may automatically influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory.
@article{
title = {Voluntazy and automatic attentional control of visual working memory},
type = {article},
year = {2002},
keywords = {Adolescent,Adult,Attention,Cues,Female,Humans,Male,Memory,Random Allocation,Visual Perception},
pages = {754-63},
volume = {64},
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confirmed = {false},
hidden = {false},
abstract = {Previous studies of attention-directing cues have focused largely on the effects of cuing on perceptual processes, but cuing may also influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory. In the present study, we examined this potential role of cues, using both predictive and non-predictive cues in the context of a visual working memory task. Each trial began with a cue, followed by an array of six colored squares, a delay interval, and then a probe square presented at th e location of one of the squares in the previous array. The subjects were required to indicate whether the color of the probe square was the same as the color of the square that had previously been presented at the same location. Performance on this working memory task was more accurate when the cued location was probed than when an uncued location was probed, even when the cued location was no more likely to be probed than any of the uncued locations. An additional experiment using the abrupt-onset paradigm of Yantis and Jonides (1984) yielded similar results. Thus, visual transients may automatically influence the transfer of perceptual representations into visual working memory.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Schmidt, Brandon and Vogel, Edward and Woodman, Geoffrey and Luck, Steven},
number = {5}
}Responses of primate visual cortical V4 neurons to simultaneously presented stimuli. Gawne, T. J & Martin, J. M J Neurophysiol, 88(3):1128-35, 2002.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We report here results from 45 primate V4 visual cortical neurons to the preattentive presentations of seven different patterns located in two separate areas of the same receptive field and to combinations of the patterns in the two locations. For many neurons, we could not determine any clear relationship for the responses to two simultaneous stimuli. However, for a substantial fraction of the neurons we found that the firing rate was well modeled as the maximum firing rate of each stimulus presented separately. It has previously been proposed that taking the maximum of the inputs ("MAX" operator) could be a useful operation for neurons in visual cortex, although there has until now been little direct physiological evidence for this hypothesis. Our results here provide direct support for the hypothesis that the MAX operator plays a significant (although certainly not exclusive) role in generating the receptive field properties of visual cortical neurons.
@Article{Gawne2002,
author = {Timothy J Gawne and Julie M Martin},
journal = {J Neurophysiol},
title = {Responses of primate visual cortical {V}4 neurons to simultaneously presented stimuli.},
year = {2002},
number = {3},
pages = {1128-35},
volume = {88},
abstract = {We report here results from 45 primate V4 visual cortical neurons
to the preattentive presentations of seven different patterns located
in two separate areas of the same receptive field and to combinations
of the patterns in the two locations. For many neurons, we could
not determine any clear relationship for the responses to two simultaneous
stimuli. However, for a substantial fraction of the neurons we found
that the firing rate was well modeled as the maximum firing rate
of each stimulus presented separately. It has previously been proposed
that taking the maximum of the inputs ("MAX" operator) could be a
useful operation for neurons in visual cortex, although there has
until now been little direct physiological evidence for this hypothesis.
Our results here provide direct support for the hypothesis that the
MAX operator plays a significant (although certainly not exclusive)
role in generating the receptive field properties of visual cortical
neurons.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, 12205134},
}The past and future of the past tense. Pinker, S. & Ullman, M. T Trends Cogn Sci, 6(11):456-463, 2002.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
What is the interaction between storage and computation in language processing? What is the psychological status of grammatical rules? What are the relative strengths of connectionist and symbolic models of cognition? How are the components of language implemented in the brain? The English past tense has served as an arena for debates on these issues. We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms are stored in the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas regular forms can be computed by a concatenation rule, which requires the procedural system. Irregulars have the psychological, linguistic and neuropsychological signatures of lexical memory, whereas regulars often have the signatures of grammatical processing. Furthermore, because regular inflection is rule-driven, speakers can apply it whenever memory fails.
@Article{Pinker2002a,
author = {Steven Pinker and Michael T Ullman},
journal = {Trends Cogn Sci},
title = {The past and future of the past tense.},
year = {2002},
number = {11},
pages = {456-463},
volume = {6},
abstract = {What is the interaction between storage and computation in language
processing? What is the psychological status of grammatical rules?
What are the relative strengths of connectionist and symbolic models
of cognition? How are the components of language implemented in the
brain? The English past tense has served as an arena for debates
on these issues. We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms
are stored in the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas
regular forms can be computed by a concatenation rule, which requires
the procedural system. Irregulars have the psychological, linguistic
and neuropsychological signatures of lexical memory, whereas regulars
often have the signatures of grammatical processing. Furthermore,
because regular inflection is rule-driven, speakers can apply it
whenever memory fails.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, 12457895},
}Visual categorization and the primate prefrontal cortex: Neurophysiology and behavior. Freedman, D. J, Riesenhuber, M., Poggio, T., & Miller, E. K J Neurophysiol, 88(2):929-41, 2002.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The ability to group stimuli into meaningful categories is a fundamental cognitive process. To explore its neuronal basis, we trained monkeys to categorize computer-generated stimuli as "cats" and "dogs." A morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and precisely define a category boundary. Psychophysical testing and analysis of eye movements suggest that the monkeys categorized the stimuli by attending to multiple stimulus features. Neuronal activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflected the category of visual stimuli and changed with learning when a monkey was retrained with the same stimuli assigned to new categories. Further, many neurons showed activity that appeared to reflect the monkey's decision about whether two stimuli were from the same category or not. These results suggest that the lateral prefrontal cortex is an important part of the neuronal circuitry underlying category learning and category-based behaviors.
@Article{Freedman2002,
author = {David J Freedman and Maximilian Riesenhuber and Tomaso Poggio and Earl K Miller},
journal = {J Neurophysiol},
title = {Visual categorization and the primate prefrontal cortex: {N}europhysiology and behavior.},
year = {2002},
number = {2},
pages = {929-41},
volume = {88},
abstract = {The ability to group stimuli into meaningful categories is a fundamental
cognitive process. To explore its neuronal basis, we trained monkeys
to categorize computer-generated stimuli as "cats" and "dogs." A
morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and
precisely define a category boundary. Psychophysical testing and
analysis of eye movements suggest that the monkeys categorized the
stimuli by attending to multiple stimulus features. Neuronal activity
in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflected the category of visual
stimuli and changed with learning when a monkey was retrained with
the same stimuli assigned to new categories. Further, many neurons
showed activity that appeared to reflect the monkey's decision about
whether two stimuli were from the same category or not. These results
suggest that the lateral prefrontal cortex is an important part of
the neuronal circuitry underlying category learning and category-based
behaviors.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, 12163542},
}The dynamical stability of reverberatory neural circuits. Tegnér, J., Compte, A., & Wang, X. Biol. Cybern., 87(5-6):471–481, December, 2002.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex The concept of reverberation proposed by Lorente de Nó and Hebb is key to understanding strongly recurrent cortical networks. In particular, synaptic reverberation is now viewed as a likely mechanism for the active maintenance of working memory in the prefrontal cortex. Theoretically, this has spurred a debate as to how such a potentially explosive mechanism can provide stable working-memory function given the synaptic and cellular mechanisms at play in the cerebral cortex. We present here new evidence for the participation of NMDA receptors in the stabilization of persistent delay activity in a biophysical network model of conductance-based neurons. We show that the stability of working-memory function, and the required NMDA/AMPA ratio at recurrent excitatory synapses, depend on physiological properties of neurons and synaptic interactions, such as the time constants of excitation and inhibition, mutual inhibition between interneurons, differential NMDA receptor participation at excitatory projections to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, or the presence of slow intrinsic ion currents in pyramidal neurons. We review other mechanisms proposed to enhance the dynamical stability of synaptically generated attractor states of a reverberatory circuit. This recent work represents a necessary and significant step towards testing attractor network models by cortical electrophysiology.
@article{Tegner2002,
title = {The dynamical stability of reverberatory neural circuits.},
volume = {87},
issn = {0340-1200},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12461636},
doi = {10.1007/s00422-002-0363-9},
abstract = {The concept of reverberation proposed by Lorente de Nó and Hebb is key to understanding strongly recurrent cortical networks. In particular, synaptic reverberation is now viewed as a likely mechanism for the active maintenance of working memory in the prefrontal cortex. Theoretically, this has spurred a debate as to how such a potentially explosive mechanism can provide stable working-memory function given the synaptic and cellular mechanisms at play in the cerebral cortex. We present here new evidence for the participation of NMDA receptors in the stabilization of persistent delay activity in a biophysical network model of conductance-based neurons. We show that the stability of working-memory function, and the required NMDA/AMPA ratio at recurrent excitatory synapses, depend on physiological properties of neurons and synaptic interactions, such as the time constants of excitation and inhibition, mutual inhibition between interneurons, differential NMDA receptor participation at excitatory projections to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, or the presence of slow intrinsic ion currents in pyramidal neurons. We review other mechanisms proposed to enhance the dynamical stability of synaptically generated attractor states of a reverberatory circuit. This recent work represents a necessary and significant step towards testing attractor network models by cortical electrophysiology.},
number = {5-6},
urldate = {2012-08-02},
journal = {Biol. Cybern.},
author = {Tegnér, Jesper and Compte, Albert and Wang, Xiao-Jing},
month = dec,
year = {2002},
pmid = {12461636},
keywords = {AMPA, AMPA: metabolism, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Cerebral Cortex: cytology, Cerebral Cortex: physiology, Mathematics, Memory, Memory: physiology, Models, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate: metabolism, N-Methylaspartate, N-Methylaspartate: metabolism, Nerve Net, Nerve Net: physiology, Neurological, Neurons, Neurons: cytology, Neurons: physiology, Receptors, Synapses, Synapses: physiology, Time Factors},
pages = {471--481},
}Cognitive conceptions of language and the development of autobiographical memory. Sutton, J. Language & Communication, 22(3):375–390, 2002.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex The early development of autobiographical memory is a useful case study both for examining general relations between language and memory, and for investigating the promise and the difficulty of interdisciplinary research in the cognitive sciences of memory. An otherwise promising social-interactionist view of autobiographical memory development relies in part on an overly linguistic conception of mental representation. This paper applies an alternative, 'supra-communicative' view of the relation between language and thought, along the lines developed by Andy Clark, to this developmental framework. A pluralist approach to current theories of autobiographical memory development is sketched: shared early narratives about the past function in part to stabilize and structure the child's own autobiographical memory system. \textcopyright 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
@article{Sutton2002b,
abstract = {The early development of autobiographical memory is a useful case study both for examining general relations between language and memory, and for investigating the promise and the difficulty of interdisciplinary research in the cognitive sciences of memory. An otherwise promising social-interactionist view of autobiographical memory development relies in part on an overly linguistic conception of mental representation. This paper applies an alternative, 'supra-communicative' view of the relation between language and thought, along the lines developed by Andy Clark, to this developmental framework. A pluralist approach to current theories of autobiographical memory development is sketched: shared early narratives about the past function in part to stabilize and structure the child's own autobiographical memory system. {\textcopyright} 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.},
author = {Sutton, John},
doi = {10.1016/S0271-5309(02)00013-7},
file = {:Users/michaelk/Library/Application Support/Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sutton - 2002 - Cognitive conceptions of language and the development of autobiographical memory.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0271-5309},
issn = {02715309},
journal = {Language {\&} Communication},
number = {3},
pages = {375--390},
pmid = {26324777},
title = {{Cognitive conceptions of language and the development of autobiographical memory}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0271530902000137},
volume = {22},
year = {2002}
}2001 (3)
Activation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system by tone repetitions with fast stimulation rate. Wolff, C & Schröger, E Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, 10(3):323-7, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The human automatic pre-attentive change detection system indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related brain potential is known to be highly adaptive. The present study showed that even infrequent repetitions of tones can elicit MMN, independently of attention, when tones of varying frequency are rapidly presented in an isochronous rhythm. This demonstrates that frequency variation can be extracted as an invariant feature of the acoustic environment revealing the capacity for adaptation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system. It is argued that this capacity is related to the temporal-window of integration.
@Article{Wolff2001,
author = {C Wolff and E Schr\"oger},
journal = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res},
title = {Activation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system by tone repetitions with fast stimulation rate.},
year = {2001},
number = {3},
pages = {323-7},
volume = {10},
abstract = {The human automatic pre-attentive change detection system indexed
by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related
brain potential is known to be highly adaptive. The present study
showed that even infrequent repetitions of tones can elicit MMN,
independently of attention, when tones of varying frequency are rapidly
presented in an isochronous rhythm. This demonstrates that frequency
variation can be extracted as an invariant feature of the acoustic
environment revealing the capacity for adaptation of the auditory
pre-attentive change detection system. It is argued that this capacity
is related to the temporal-window of integration.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, Broca, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, X-Ray Computed, 11167055},
}Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes. Fiser, J & Aslin, R. N Psychol Sci, 12(6):499-504, 2001.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences during passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic, as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particularfeatures of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency, subjects acquired in parallel several different higher-order aspects of the statistical structure of the displays, including absolute shape-position relations in an array, shape-pair arrangements independent of position, and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences. Unsupervised learning of these higher-order statistics provides support for Barlow's theory of visual recognition, which posits that detecting "suspicious coincidences" of elements during recognition is a necessary prerequisite for efficient learning of new visual features.
@Article{Fiser2001,
author = {J Fiser and Richard N Aslin},
journal = {Psychol Sci},
title = {Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes.},
year = {2001},
number = {6},
pages = {499-504},
volume = {12},
abstract = {Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract
the joint and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences during
passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that
statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic,
as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particularfeatures
of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency,
subjects acquired in parallel several different higher-order aspects
of the statistical structure of the displays, including absolute
shape-position relations in an array, shape-pair arrangements independent
of position, and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences.
Unsupervised learning of these higher-order statistics provides support
for Barlow's theory of visual recognition, which posits that detecting
"suspicious coincidences" of elements during recognition is a necessary
prerequisite for efficient learning of new visual features.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, 11760138},
}Reducing everyday memory and planning problems by means of a paging system: a randomised control crossover study. Wilson, B., a., Emslie, H., C., Quirk, K., & Evans, J., J. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 70(4):477-82, 4, 2001.
Paper Website abstract bibtex
Paper Website abstract bibtex To evaluate a paging system designed to improve independence in people with memory problems and executive deficits.
@article{
title = {Reducing everyday memory and planning problems by means of a paging system: a randomised control crossover study.},
type = {article},
year = {2001},
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pages = {477-82},
volume = {70},
websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1737307&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract},
month = {4},
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abstract = {To evaluate a paging system designed to improve independence in people with memory problems and executive deficits.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Wilson, B a and Emslie, H C and Quirk, K and Evans, J J},
journal = {Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry},
number = {4}
}2000 (5)
The effects of memory load on event-related EEG desynchronization and synchronization. Krause, C M, Sillanmäki, L, Koivisto, M, Saarela, C, Häggqvist, A, Laine, M, & Hämäläinen, H Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 111(11):2071–8, November, 2000.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of working memory load on the event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS) of several narrow EEG frequency bands. METHODS: ERD/ERS responses of the 4-6, 6-8, 8-10 and 10-12 Hz EEG frequency bands were studied in 24 normal subjects performing a visual sequential letter task (so-called n-back task) in which memory load was varied from 0 to 2. RESULTS: In the 4-6 Hz theta frequency band, a long-lasting synchronization was observed in the anterior electrodes, especially after the presentation of targets. In the 6-8 and 8-10 Hz frequency bands, anterior ERS was elicited especially in the 2-back condition (highest memory load). In contrast to the responses of the 8-10 Hz frequency band, in the 10-12 Hz frequency band the 2-back experimental condition elicited the greatest ERD. CONCLUSIONS: In the highest memory load (2-back) experimental condition the attentional capacities were most probably exceeded, resulting in 6-8 and 8-10 Hz ERS. This might reflect an inhibition of such brain areas (frontal cortices) no longer involved in task completion when alternative strategies are needed and utilized. These more 'cognitive' strategies were then reflected as an increase in 10-12 Hz ERD. Additionally, our results support the assumption that the simultaneously recorded ERD/ERS responses of different narrow EEG frequency bands differ and reflect distinct aspects of information processing.
@article{krause_effects_2000,
title = {The effects of memory load on event-related {EEG} desynchronization and synchronization.},
volume = {111},
issn = {1388-2457},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11068244},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of working memory load on the event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS) of several narrow EEG frequency bands.
METHODS: ERD/ERS responses of the 4-6, 6-8, 8-10 and 10-12 Hz EEG frequency bands were studied in 24 normal subjects performing a visual sequential letter task (so-called n-back task) in which memory load was varied from 0 to 2.
RESULTS: In the 4-6 Hz theta frequency band, a long-lasting synchronization was observed in the anterior electrodes, especially after the presentation of targets. In the 6-8 and 8-10 Hz frequency bands, anterior ERS was elicited especially in the 2-back condition (highest memory load). In contrast to the responses of the 8-10 Hz frequency band, in the 10-12 Hz frequency band the 2-back experimental condition elicited the greatest ERD.
CONCLUSIONS: In the highest memory load (2-back) experimental condition the attentional capacities were most probably exceeded, resulting in 6-8 and 8-10 Hz ERS. This might reflect an inhibition of such brain areas (frontal cortices) no longer involved in task completion when alternative strategies are needed and utilized. These more 'cognitive' strategies were then reflected as an increase in 10-12 Hz ERD. Additionally, our results support the assumption that the simultaneously recorded ERD/ERS responses of different narrow EEG frequency bands differ and reflect distinct aspects of information processing.},
number = {11},
urldate = {2015-05-08},
journal = {Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology},
author = {Krause, C M and Sillanmäki, L and Koivisto, M and Saarela, C and Häggqvist, A and Laine, M and Hämäläinen, H},
month = nov,
year = {2000},
pmid = {11068244},
keywords = {Adult, Brain, Brain: physiology, Cortical Synchronization, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Evoked Potentials: physiology, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Memory: physiology},
pages = {2071--8},
}Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives. Thoroughman, K. & Shadmehr, R Nature, 407(6805):742-7, 2000.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms desired limb trajectories into motor commands. Theoretical studies have shown that a system's ability to learn action depends on the shape of its primitives. Using a time-series analysis of error patterns, here we show that humans learn the dynamics of reaching movements through a flexible combination of primitives that have gaussian-like tuning functions encoding hand velocity. The wide tuning of the inferred primitives predicts limitations on the brain's ability to represent viscous dynamics. We find close agreement between the predicted limitations and the subjects' adaptation to new force fields. The mathematical properties of the derived primitives resemble the tuning curves of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The activity of these cells may encode primitives that underlie the learning of dynamics.
@Article{Thoroughman2000,
author = {KA Thoroughman and R Shadmehr},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives.},
year = {2000},
number = {6805},
pages = {742-7},
volume = {407},
abstract = {Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental
challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements
through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive
is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms
desired limb trajectories into motor commands. Theoretical studies
have shown that a system's ability to learn action depends on the
shape of its primitives. Using a time-series analysis of error patterns,
here we show that humans learn the dynamics of reaching movements
through a flexible combination of primitives that have gaussian-like
tuning functions encoding hand velocity. The wide tuning of the inferred
primitives predicts limitations on the brain's ability to represent
viscous dynamics. We find close agreement between the predicted limitations
and the subjects' adaptation to new force fields. The mathematical
properties of the derived primitives resemble the tuning curves of
Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The activity of these cells may
encode primitives that underlie the learning of dynamics.},
doi = {10.1038/35037588},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, 11048700},
}Order information in working memory: fMRI evidence for parietal and prefrontal mechanisms. Marshuetz, C., Smith, E. E., Jonides, J., DeGutis, J., & Chenevert, T. L. J Cogn Neurosci, 12 Suppl 2:130-44, 2000.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Working memory is thought to include a mechanism that allows for the coding of order information. One question of interest is how order information is coded, and how that code is neurally implemented. Here we report both behavioral and fMRI findings from an experiment involved comparing two tasks, an item-memory task and an order-memory task. In each case, five letters were presented for storage, followed after a brief interval by a set of probe letters. In the case of the item-memory task, the two letters were identical, and the subject responded to the question, "Was this letter one of the items you saw?". In the case of the order-memory task, the letters were different, and subjects responded to the question, "Are these two letters in the order in which you saw them?". Behaviorally, items that were further apart in the sequence that elicited faster reaction times and higher accuracy in the Order task. Areas that were significantly more activated in the Order condition included the parietal and prefrontal cortex. Parietal activations overlapped those involved in number processing, leading to the suggestion that the underlying representation of order and numbers may share a common process, coding for magnitude.
@Article{Marshuetz2000,
author = {C. Marshuetz and E. E. Smith and J. Jonides and J. DeGutis and T. L. Chenevert},
journal = {J Cogn Neurosci},
title = {Order information in working memory: f{MRI} evidence for parietal and prefrontal mechanisms.},
year = {2000},
pages = {130-44},
volume = {12 Suppl 2},
abstract = {Working memory is thought to include a mechanism that allows for the
coding of order information. One question of interest is how order
information is coded, and how that code is neurally implemented.
Here we report both behavioral and fMRI findings from an experiment
involved comparing two tasks, an item-memory task and an order-memory
task. In each case, five letters were presented for storage, followed
after a brief interval by a set of probe letters. In the case of
the item-memory task, the two letters were identical, and the subject
responded to the question, "Was this letter one of the items you
saw?". In the case of the order-memory task, the letters were different,
and subjects responded to the question, "Are these two letters in
the order in which you saw them?". Behaviorally, items that were
further apart in the sequence that elicited faster reaction times
and higher accuracy in the Order task. Areas that were significantly
more activated in the Order condition included the parietal and prefrontal
cortex. Parietal activations overlapped those involved in number
processing, leading to the suggestion that the underlying representation
of order and numbers may share a common process, coding for magnitude.},
doi = {10.1162/08989290051137459},
keywords = {Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Functional Laterality, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Parietal Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Prefrontal Cortex, Reaction Time, Short-Term, Time Factors, Visual, 11506653},
}German inflection: Single route or dual route?. Hahn, U & Nakisa, R. Cognit Psychol, 41(4):313-60, 2000.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al. (1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues (Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic rule route which deals with regular inflection and an associative memory component which deals with irregular inflection. This contrasts with single-route connectionist systems. We seek to counter supposed evidence for the dual-route account through large-scale simulations as well as through experimental data. We argue that, in its current form, the dual-route account is incapable of generating experimental data provided by Marcus et al. (1995) as support. Finally, we provide direct quantitative comparisons between single-route and dual-route models of German plural inflection and find single-route performance superior on these tests.
@Article{Hahn2000,
author = {U Hahn and RC Nakisa},
journal = {Cognit Psychol},
title = {German inflection: {S}ingle route or dual route?},
year = {2000},
number = {4},
pages = {313-60},
volume = {41},
abstract = {The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting
theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al.
(1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route
account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues
(Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional
morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic rule route which
deals with regular inflection and an associative memory component
which deals with irregular inflection. This contrasts with single-route
connectionist systems. We seek to counter supposed evidence for the
dual-route account through large-scale simulations as well as through
experimental data. We argue that, in its current form, the dual-route
account is incapable of generating experimental data provided by
Marcus et al. (1995) as support. Finally, we provide direct quantitative
comparisons between single-route and dual-route models of German
plural inflection and find single-route performance superior on these
tests.},
doi = {10.1006/cogp.2000.0737},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, 11121259},
}An auditory repetition deficit under low memory load. Soto-Faraco, S J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 26(1):264-78, 2000.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Previous studies of the auditory analogue of repetition blindness have led to different conclusions regarding the nature of the effect (e.g., N. Kanwisher & M. C. Potter, 1989; M. Miller & D. MacKay, 1994). In the present study, recall accuracy for repeated elements was examined with lists of 2 or 3 items presented dichotically under high temporal pressure. When this procedure was used, a repetition deficit in recall was obtained for both vowels (Experiment 1) and consonant-vowel syllables (Experiment 2). Further experiments demonstrated that this deficit decreases as the stimulus onset asynchrony between the 2 critical elements increases (Experiment 3) and showed that the effect also occurs for words and not just nonsense syllables (Experiment 4). In all 4 experiments, estimations of guessing biases showed that responses to unrepeated lists were not artificially favored over responses to repeated lists.
@ARTICLE{Soto-Faraco2000,
author = {S Soto-Faraco},
title = {An auditory repetition deficit under low memory load.},
journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
year = {2000},
volume = {26},
pages = {264-78},
number = {1},
abstract = {Previous studies of the auditory analogue of repetition blindness
have led to different conclusions regarding the nature of the effect
(e.g., N. Kanwisher & M. C. Potter, 1989; M. Miller & D. MacKay,
1994). In the present study, recall accuracy for repeated elements
was examined with lists of 2 or 3 items presented dichotically under
high temporal pressure. When this procedure was used, a repetition
deficit in recall was obtained for both vowels (Experiment 1) and
consonant-vowel syllables (Experiment 2). Further experiments demonstrated
that this deficit decreases as the stimulus onset asynchrony between
the 2 critical elements increases (Experiment 3) and showed that
the effect also occurs for words and not just nonsense syllables
(Experiment 4). In all 4 experiments, estimations of guessing biases
showed that responses to unrepeated lists were not artificially favored
over responses to repeated lists.},
keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory Perception, Dominance, Cerebral,
Female, Human, Linguistics, Male, Memory, Mental Recall, Practice
(Psychology), Refractory Period, Psychological, Spain, Support, Non-U.S.
Gov't, Time Factors, 10696617}
}1999 (3)
Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics?. Eimas, P. Science, 284(5413):435-6; author reply 436-7, 1999.
bibtex
bibtex
@Article{Eimas1999,
author = {PD Eimas},
journal = {Science},
title = {Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics?},
year = {1999},
number = {5413},
pages = {435-6; author reply 436-7},
volume = {284},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, 9872745},
}Quantum Information Processing Using Quantum Dot Spins and Cavity QED. Imamog¯lu, A., Awschalom, D D, Burkard, G, DiVincenzo, D P, Loss, D, Sherwin, M, & Small, A Physical Review Letters, 83(20):4204–4207, November, 1999. ISBN: 0031-9007
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex Quantization of continuous arm movements in humans with brain injury. Krebs, H., Aisen, M., Volpe, B., & Hogan, N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96(8):4645-9, 1999.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Segmentation of apparently continuous movement has been reported for over a century by human movement researchers, but the existence of primitive submovements has never been proved. In 20 patients recovering from a single cerebral vascular accident (stroke), we identified the apparent submovements that composed a continuous arm motion in an unloaded task. Kinematic analysis demonstrated a submovement speed profile that was invariant across patients with different brain lesions and provided experimental verification of the detailed shape of primitive submovements. The submovement shape was unaffected by its peak speed, and to test further the invariance of shape with speed, we analyzed movement behavior in a patient with myoclonus. This patient occasionally made involuntary shock-like arm movements, which occurred near the maximum capacity of the neuromuscular system, exhibited speed profiles that were comparable to those identified in stroke patients, and were also independent of speed.
@Article{Krebs1999,
author = {HI Krebs and ML Aisen and BT Volpe and N Hogan},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
title = {Quantization of continuous arm movements in humans with brain injury.},
year = {1999},
number = {8},
pages = {4645-9},
volume = {96},
abstract = {Segmentation of apparently continuous movement has been reported for
over a century by human movement researchers, but the existence of
primitive submovements has never been proved. In 20 patients recovering
from a single cerebral vascular accident (stroke), we identified
the apparent submovements that composed a continuous arm motion in
an unloaded task. Kinematic analysis demonstrated a submovement speed
profile that was invariant across patients with different brain lesions
and provided experimental verification of the detailed shape of primitive
submovements. The submovement shape was unaffected by its peak speed,
and to test further the invariance of shape with speed, we analyzed
movement behavior in a patient with myoclonus. This patient occasionally
made involuntary shock-like arm movements, which occurred near the
maximum capacity of the neuromuscular system, exhibited speed profiles
that were comparable to those identified in stroke patients, and
were also independent of speed.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, 10200316},
}1998 (2)
Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus. Stiegler, B. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 1st edition edition, April, 1998. 00026
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
What is a technical object? At the beginning of Western philosophy, Aristotle contrasted beings formed by nature, which had within themselves a beginning of movement and rest, and man-made objects, which did not have the source of their own production within themselves. This book, the first of three volumes, revises the Aristotelian argument and develops an innovative assessment whereby the technical object can be seen as having an essential, distinct temporality and dynamics of its own.The Aristotelian concept persisted, in one form or another, until Marx, who conceived of the possibility of an evolution of technics. Lodged between mechanics and biology, a technical entity became a complex of heterogeneous forces. In a parallel development, while industrialization was in the process of overthrowing the contemporary order of knowledge as well as contemporary social organization, technology was acquiring a new place in philosophical questioning. Philosophy was for the first time faced with a world in which technical expansion was so widespread that science was becoming more and more subject to the field of instrumentality, with its ends determined by the imperatives of economic struggle or war, and with its epistemic status changing accordingly. The power that emerged from this new relation was unleashed in the course of the two world wars.Working his way through the history of the Aristotelian assessment of technics, the author engages the ideas of a wide range of thinkers—Rousseau, Husserl, and Heidegger, the paleo-ontologist Leroi-Gourhan, the anthropologists Vernant and Detienne, the sociologists Weber and Habermas, and the systems analysts Maturana and Varela.
@book{stiegler_technics_1998,
address = {Stanford, CA},
edition = {1st edition},
title = {Technics and {Time}, 1: {The} {Fault} of {Epimetheus}},
isbn = {9780804730419},
shorttitle = {Technics and {Time}, 1},
abstract = {What is a technical object? At the beginning of Western philosophy, Aristotle contrasted beings formed by nature, which had within themselves a beginning of movement and rest, and man-made objects, which did not have the source of their own production within themselves. This book, the first of three volumes, revises the Aristotelian argument and develops an innovative assessment whereby the technical object can be seen as having an essential, distinct temporality and dynamics of its own.The Aristotelian concept persisted, in one form or another, until Marx, who conceived of the possibility of an evolution of technics. Lodged between mechanics and biology, a technical entity became a complex of heterogeneous forces. In a parallel development, while industrialization was in the process of overthrowing the contemporary order of knowledge as well as contemporary social organization, technology was acquiring a new place in philosophical questioning. Philosophy was for the first time faced with a world in which technical expansion was so widespread that science was becoming more and more subject to the field of instrumentality, with its ends determined by the imperatives of economic struggle or war, and with its epistemic status changing accordingly. The power that emerged from this new relation was unleashed in the course of the two world wars.Working his way through the history of the Aristotelian assessment of technics, the author engages the ideas of a wide range of thinkers—Rousseau, Husserl, and Heidegger, the paleo-ontologist Leroi-Gourhan, the anthropologists Vernant and Detienne, the sociologists Weber and Habermas, and the systems analysts Maturana and Varela.},
language = {English},
publisher = {Stanford University Press},
author = {Stiegler, Bernard},
translator = {Beardsworth, Richard and Collins, George},
month = apr,
year = {1998},
note = {00026},
keywords = {memory, politics, technics, technology}
}Synaptic pruning in development: a computational account. Chechik, G., Meilijson, I., & Ruppin, E. Neural Computation, 10(7):1759–1777, October, 1998.
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
Research with humans and primates shows that the developmental course of the brain involves synaptic overgrowth followed by marked selective pruning. Previous explanations have suggested that this intriguing, seemingly wasteful phenomenon is utilized to remove, "erroneous" synapses. We prove that this interpretation is wrong if synapses are Hebbian. Under limited metabolic energy resources restricting the amount and strength of synapses, we show that memory performance is maximized if synapses are first overgrown and then pruned following optimal "minimal-value" deletion. This optimal strategy leads to interesting insights concerning childhood amnesia.
@article{chechik_synaptic_1998,
title = {Synaptic pruning in development: a computational account},
volume = {10},
issn = {0899-7667},
shorttitle = {Synaptic pruning in development},
doi = {10.1162/089976698300017124},
abstract = {Research with humans and primates shows that the developmental course of the brain involves synaptic overgrowth followed by marked selective pruning. Previous explanations have suggested that this intriguing, seemingly wasteful phenomenon is utilized to remove, "erroneous" synapses. We prove that this interpretation is wrong if synapses are Hebbian. Under limited metabolic energy resources restricting the amount and strength of synapses, we show that memory performance is maximized if synapses are first overgrown and then pruned following optimal "minimal-value" deletion. This optimal strategy leads to interesting insights concerning childhood amnesia.},
language = {eng},
number = {7},
journal = {Neural Computation},
author = {Chechik, G. and Meilijson, I. and Ruppin, E.},
month = oct,
year = {1998},
pmid = {9744896},
keywords = {Animals, Brain, Computer Simulation, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Memory, Models, Neurological, Primates, Synapses},
pages = {1759--1777},
}1996 (1)
Response properties of units in the posterior auditory field deprived of input from the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex. Kitzes, L. & Hollrigel, G. Hear Res, 100(1-2):120-30, 1996. as cited in i̧teNPHeil1998
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
The influence of the ipsilateral primary auditory field (AI) on the response properties of neurons in the posterior auditory field (Field P) was examined in three cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Rate/level functions were obtained, by extracellular recording, from single units in Field P before (n = 38) and after (n = 50) subpial aspiration of AI. The ablations were primarily confined to the medial ectosylvian gyrus, although in one case extended into the high-frequency portion of the anterior auditory field. Comparisons between the behavior of units isolated before and after AI ablation failed to demonstrate any changes in the response properties of neurons in Field P attributable to the ablation. Nonmonotonic response profiles, first spike latency, variability in latency, threshold and maximal discharge rates of the units to acoustic stimuli were not significantly altered by the AI ablation. These results indicate that the basic response properties of neurons in Field P do not depend on input from the ipsilateral AI. This suggests that these properties are most likely determined by thalamic input or by circuitry within Field P.
@Article{Kitzes1996,
author = {LM Kitzes and GS Hollrigel},
journal = {Hear Res},
title = {Response properties of units in the posterior auditory field deprived of input from the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex.},
year = {1996},
note = {as cited in \citeNP{Heil1998}},
number = {1-2},
pages = {120-30},
volume = {100},
abstract = {The influence of the ipsilateral primary auditory field (AI) on the
response properties of neurons in the posterior auditory field (Field
P) was examined in three cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital.
Rate/level functions were obtained, by extracellular recording, from
single units in Field P before (n = 38) and after (n = 50) subpial
aspiration of AI. The ablations were primarily confined to the medial
ectosylvian gyrus, although in one case extended into the high-frequency
portion of the anterior auditory field. Comparisons between the behavior
of units isolated before and after AI ablation failed to demonstrate
any changes in the response properties of neurons in Field P attributable
to the ablation. Nonmonotonic response profiles, first spike latency,
variability in latency, threshold and maximal discharge rates of
the units to acoustic stimuli were not significantly altered by the
AI ablation. These results indicate that the basic response properties
of neurons in Field P do not depend on input from the ipsilateral
AI. This suggests that these properties are most likely determined
by thalamic input or by circuitry within Field P.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, 8922986},
}1995 (1)
Spatial repetition blindness is modulated by selective attention to color or shape. Kanwisher, N, Driver, J, & Machado, L Cognit Psychol, 29(3):303-37, 1995.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Subjects reported either the colors or shapes of two simultaneous masked letters. Our first study found that they were less accurate when the reported features were identical ("repetition blindness," or RB), while repetition along the unreported dimension had no effect. Three follow-up studies confirmed that when the same dimension was judged (overtly or covertly) for both stimuli, performance was only affected by repetition along that dimension. However, when different dimensions were judged for the two stimuli, performance was affected by repetition on both dimensions. These findings support new conclusions about both RB and visual attention. First, RB depends critically on visual attention, rather than simply on the stimulus presented or the overt response required. Second, while attention can be restricted to a single visual dimension, this is efficient only when the same dimension is selected for both objects. Selecting the color of one object and the shape of another simultaneous object results in both dimensions being accessed for both objects.
@Article{Kanwisher1995,
author = {N Kanwisher and J Driver and L Machado},
journal = {Cognit Psychol},
title = {Spatial repetition blindness is modulated by selective attention to color or shape.},
year = {1995},
number = {3},
pages = {303-37},
volume = {29},
abstract = {Subjects reported either the colors or shapes of two simultaneous
masked letters. Our first study found that they were less accurate
when the reported features were identical ("repetition blindness,"
or RB), while repetition along the unreported dimension had no effect.
Three follow-up studies confirmed that when the same dimension was
judged (overtly or covertly) for both stimuli, performance was only
affected by repetition along that dimension. However, when different
dimensions were judged for the two stimuli, performance was affected
by repetition on both dimensions. These findings support new conclusions
about both RB and visual attention. First, RB depends critically
on visual attention, rather than simply on the stimulus presented
or the overt response required. Second, while attention can be restricted
to a single visual dimension, this is efficient only when the same
dimension is selected for both objects. Selecting the color of one
object and the shape of another simultaneous object results in both
dimensions being accessed for both objects.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, 8556848},
}1994 (2)
Repetition blindness between visually different items: The case of pictures and words. Bavelier, D Cognition, 51(3):199-236, 1994.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Repetition blindness (RB) is the failure to see or recall the second of two visually similar or identical items in rapid serial visual presentation. It was initially demonstrated by Kanwisher (1987), who proposed that a second token of a given word or object type cannot be established when the two items occur close in time. Bavelier and Potter (1992) showed that RB also occurs between visually different items that are phonologically similar. They proposed that RB may occur not only when the targets are physically similar, but also when they have to be registered or encoded in short-term memory (STM) along dimensions on which they are similar. This hypothesis predicts that RB between visually different items should not be restricted to words, but should occur with any stimuli, as long as the task requires these stimuli to be encoded along dimensions on which they are similar. Moreover, it also implies that a task that changes the preferred code of targets will affect the size of RB. The first prediction was confirmed by establishing RB between phonologically similar pictures and words, whether semantically related (the picture of a cat and the word "cat") or not (the picture of a sun and the word "son"), when using a task that requires phonological encoding (Experiments 1 and 2). The second prediction was also supported: the magnitude of RB depended on whether the task required similar or different codes for pictures and words (Experiments 3 and 4). These experiments confirm that RB between visually different items is due to the similarity of the codes initially used in STM. The results suggest that RB can occur at any step during the instantiation of a token, arising not only from a failure to create a new token, but also from a failure to stabilize an opened token. In this view, tokens are to be seen as dynamical entities, built over time as a function of type activation and task requirements, and varying in stability as a function of the information that is entered into them.
@Article{Bavelier1994,
author = {D Bavelier},
journal = {Cognition},
title = {Repetition blindness between visually different items: {T}he case of pictures and words.},
year = {1994},
number = {3},
pages = {199-236},
volume = {51},
abstract = {Repetition blindness (RB) is the failure to see or recall the second
of two visually similar or identical items in rapid serial visual
presentation. It was initially demonstrated by Kanwisher (1987),
who proposed that a second token of a given word or object type cannot
be established when the two items occur close in time. Bavelier and
Potter (1992) showed that RB also occurs between visually different
items that are phonologically similar. They proposed that RB may
occur not only when the targets are physically similar, but also
when they have to be registered or encoded in short-term memory (STM)
along dimensions on which they are similar. This hypothesis predicts
that RB between visually different items should not be restricted
to words, but should occur with any stimuli, as long as the task
requires these stimuli to be encoded along dimensions on which they
are similar. Moreover, it also implies that a task that changes the
preferred code of targets will affect the size of RB. The first prediction
was confirmed by establishing RB between phonologically similar pictures
and words, whether semantically related (the picture of a cat and
the word "cat") or not (the picture of a sun and the word "son"),
when using a task that requires phonological encoding (Experiments
1 and 2). The second prediction was also supported: the magnitude
of RB depended on whether the task required similar or different
codes for pictures and words (Experiments 3 and 4). These experiments
confirm that RB between visually different items is due to the similarity
of the codes initially used in STM. The results suggest that RB can
occur at any step during the instantiation of a token, arising not
only from a failure to create a new token, but also from a failure
to stabilize an opened token. In this view, tokens are to be seen
as dynamical entities, built over time as a function of type activation
and task requirements, and varying in stability as a function of
the information that is entered into them.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, 8194301},
}Intact visual imagery and impaired visual perception in a patient with visual agnosia. Behrmann, M, Moscovitch, M, & Winocur, G J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 20(5):1068–1087, 1994.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Although it is now well accepted that visual mental imagery and visual perception share common underlying mechanisms, there are several reports in which they are dissociated. Evidence for the separability of these processes is provided by a patient, C.K., who has a profound visual object recognition deficit attributable to an impairment in grouping or segmenting visual images. Despite this perceptual deficit, C.K. was able to draw objects in considerable detail from memory, and his knowledge of the visual appearance of objects was preserved on a variety of mental imagery tasks. Together with previous cases, these findings confirm the double dissociation between object recognition and perception. Interestingly, C.K. could also recognize newly constructed objects in his internal imagery. To accommodate these results, we propose a model in which imagery and perception are strongly associated but are also functionally specialized.
@article{behrmann_intact_1994,
title = {Intact visual imagery and impaired visual perception in a patient with visual agnosia},
volume = {20},
abstract = {Although it is now well accepted that visual mental imagery and visual perception share common underlying mechanisms, there are several reports in which they are dissociated. Evidence for the separability of these processes is provided by a patient, C.K., who has a profound visual object recognition deficit attributable to an impairment in grouping or segmenting visual images. Despite this perceptual deficit, C.K. was able to draw objects in considerable detail from memory, and his knowledge of the visual appearance of objects was preserved on a variety of mental imagery tasks. Together with previous cases, these findings confirm the double dissociation between object recognition and perception. Interestingly, C.K. could also recognize newly constructed objects in his internal imagery. To accommodate these results, we propose a model in which imagery and perception are strongly associated but are also functionally specialized.},
number = {5},
journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
author = {Behrmann, M and Moscovitch, M and Winocur, G},
year = {1994},
pmid = {7964528},
keywords = {Adult, Agnosia/*physiopathology, Color Perception, Face, Form Perception, Humans, Imagination/*physiology, Male, Memory, Models, Neurological, Orientation, Perceptual Masking, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Semantics, Size Perception, Touch, Visual Perception/*physiology},
pages = {1068--1087},
}1989 (1)
Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat. McLean, J & Palmer, L. Vision Res, 29(6):675-9, 1989.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame. Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with a linear model for direction selectivity.
@Article{McLean1989,
author = {J McLean and LA Palmer},
journal = {Vision Res},
title = {Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat.},
year = {1989},
number = {6},
pages = {675-9},
volume = {29},
abstract = {We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive
fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike
trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright
and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame.
Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable
in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from
the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple
cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction
selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive
fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal
speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions
observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with
a linear model for direction selectivity.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, 2626824},
}1988 (2)
The Nature and Function of Imagination in Hume and Kant. Daniel, S. C. Indian-Philosophical-Quarterly, 15(1):85–97, 1988.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex The nature and function of 'imagination' occupy a central place in the philosophies of Hume and Kant. Hume could have made a distinction, similar to that of Kant's, between transcendental or productive imagination, and empirical or reproductive imagination if he had so wished. But he deliberately refrained from it because doing that would not permit him to arrive at certain concepts that he greatly valued, and which were dear to him.
@article{daniel_nature_1988,
title = {The {Nature} and {Function} of {Imagination} in {Hume} and {Kant}.},
volume = {15},
url = {http://web5s.silverplatter.com/webspirs/start.ws?customer=c138338},
abstract = {The nature and function of 'imagination' occupy a central place in the philosophies of Hume and Kant. Hume could have made a distinction, similar to that of Kant's, between transcendental or productive imagination, and empirical or reproductive imagination if he had so wished. But he deliberately refrained from it because doing that would not permit him to arrive at certain concepts that he greatly valued, and which were dear to him.},
number = {1},
journal = {Indian-Philosophical-Quarterly},
author = {Daniel, S. C.},
year = {1988},
keywords = {CULike, buscar, epistemology, imagination, memory, tesis},
pages = {85--97},
}Recovery of cognitive function soon after stroke: a study of visual neglect, attention span and verbal recall. Wade, D., Wood, V., & Hewer, R. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr, 51(1):10–3, 1988.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex Sixty two consecutive patients admitted to hospital and surviving 6 months were tested regularly over the first 3 months after their stroke to plot recovery in three aspects of cognition: visual neglect, assessed using a cancellation task, attention span assessed using digit span, and verbal recall, tested by counting number of words remembered from a list of 10 words. Normative data were collected for the cancellation test. Fifteen patients showed recovery from visual neglect, 10 improvement in attention span and nine improvement in verbal recall. The difficulties of measuring recovery of cognitive function after stroke are discussed.
@article{wade_recovery_1988,
title = {Recovery of cognitive function soon after stroke: a study of visual neglect, attention span and verbal recall},
volume = {51},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=3351509},
doi = {10/fvhnfh},
abstract = {Sixty two consecutive patients admitted to hospital and surviving 6 months were tested regularly over the first 3 months after their stroke to plot recovery in three aspects of cognition: visual neglect, assessed using a cancellation task, attention span assessed using digit span, and verbal recall, tested by counting number of words remembered from a list of 10 words. Normative data were collected for the cancellation test. Fifteen patients showed recovery from visual neglect, 10 improvement in attention span and nine improvement in verbal recall. The difficulties of measuring recovery of cognitive function after stroke are discussed.},
number = {1},
journal = {J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr},
author = {Wade, D.T. and Wood, V.A. and Hewer, R.L.},
year = {1988},
keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged: 80 and over, Attention, Cerebral Infarction, Cognition Disorders, Dominance: Cerebral, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Memory, Mental Recall, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition: Visual, Verbal Learning, Visual Perception},
pages = {10--3},
}1986 (1)
Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5. Morris, R., Anderson, E, Lynch, G., & Baudry, M Nature, 319(6056):774-6, 1986.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Recent work has shown that the hippocampus contains a class of receptors for the excitatory amino acid glutamate that are activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and that exhibit a peculiar dependency on membrane voltage in becoming active only on depolarization. Blockade of these sites with the drug aminophosphonovaleric acid (AP5) does not detectably affect synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, but prevents the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) following brief high-frequency stimulation. We now report that chronic intraventricular infusion of D,L-AP5 causes a selective impairment of place learning, which is highly sensitive to hippocampal damage, without affecting visual discrimination learning, which is not. The L-isomer of AP5 did not produce behavioural effects. AP5 treatment also suppressed LTP in vivo. These results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved in spatial learning, and add support to the hypothesis that LTP is involved in some, but not all, forms of learning.
@Article{Morris1986,
author = {RG Morris and E Anderson and GS Lynch and M Baudry},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an {N}-methyl-{D}-aspartate receptor antagonist, {AP}5.},
year = {1986},
number = {6056},
pages = {774-6},
volume = {319},
abstract = {Recent work has shown that the hippocampus contains a class of receptors
for the excitatory amino acid glutamate that are activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate
(NMDA) and that exhibit a peculiar dependency on membrane voltage
in becoming active only on depolarization. Blockade of these sites
with the drug aminophosphonovaleric acid (AP5) does not detectably
affect synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, but prevents the
induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) following brief
high-frequency stimulation. We now report that chronic intraventricular
infusion of D,L-AP5 causes a selective impairment of place learning,
which is highly sensitive to hippocampal damage, without affecting
visual discrimination learning, which is not. The L-isomer of AP5
did not produce behavioural effects. AP5 treatment also suppressed
LTP in vivo. These results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved
in spatial learning, and add support to the hypothesis that LTP is
involved in some, but not all, forms of learning.},
keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Evaluation Studies, Hippocampus, Human, Learning, Long-Term Potentiation, Memory, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Synapses, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Electric Stimulation, Isomerism, Rats, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Neurotransmitter, Valine, Visual Perception, 2869411},
}1985 (1)
Responses of single neurones in cat auditory cortex to time-varying stimuli: Frequency-modulated tones of narrow excursion. Phillips, D., Mendelson, J., Cynader, M., & Douglas, R. Exp Brain Res, 58(3):443-54, 1985.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
In the primary auditory cortex of cats anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, single neurones were examined with respect to their responses to tone bursts and linear modulations of the frequency of an on-going continuous tone. Using FM ramps of 2.0 kHz excursion and varying centre frequency, each of 39 neurones was examined for its preference for the direction of frequency change of a ramp whose centre frequency was varied in and around the neurone's response area. Direction preference was strictly associated with the slopes of the cell's spike count-versus-frequency function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. Preferences for upward- and downward-directed ramps were associated with the low- and high-frequency slopes of the spike count function, respectively. The strength of the cell's direction preference was associated with the relative steepness of the spike count function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. The timing of discharges elicited by the frequency modulations was found to be the sum of the cell's latent period for tone bursts plus the time after ramp onset that the stimulus frequency fell within the neurone's response area. The implications of these data for the processing of narrow and broad frequency-modulated ramps are discussed.
@Article{Phillips1985,
author = {DP Phillips and JR Mendelson and MS Cynader and RM Douglas},
journal = {Exp Brain Res},
title = {Responses of single neurones in cat auditory cortex to time-varying stimuli: {F}requency-modulated tones of narrow excursion.},
year = {1985},
number = {3},
pages = {443-54},
volume = {58},
abstract = {In the primary auditory cortex of cats anaesthetized with nitrous
oxide, single neurones were examined with respect to their responses
to tone bursts and linear modulations of the frequency of an on-going
continuous tone. Using FM ramps of 2.0 kHz excursion and varying
centre frequency, each of 39 neurones was examined for its preference
for the direction of frequency change of a ramp whose centre frequency
was varied in and around the neurone's response area. Direction preference
was strictly associated with the slopes of the cell's spike count-versus-frequency
function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. Preferences
for upward- and downward-directed ramps were associated with the
low- and high-frequency slopes of the spike count function, respectively.
The strength of the cell's direction preference was associated with
the relative steepness of the spike count function over the frequency
range covered by the ramp. The timing of discharges elicited by the
frequency modulations was found to be the sum of the cell's latent
period for tone bursts plus the time after ramp onset that the stimulus
frequency fell within the neurone's response area. The implications
of these data for the processing of narrow and broad frequency-modulated
ramps are discussed.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, 4007088},
}1984 (1)
Responses of single neurons in posterior field of cat auditory cortex to tonal stimulation. Phillips, D. & Orman, S. J Neurophysiol, 51(1):147-63, 1984. as cited by i̧teNPHeil1998
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
In the auditory cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized cats, the posterior auditory field (field P) was identified by its tonotopic organization, and single neurons in that field were studied quantitatively for their sensitivity to the frequency and intensity of tonal stimuli presented via calibrated, sealed stimulating systems. Field P neurons had narrow, V-shaped, threshold frequency tuning curves. At suprathreshold levels, spike counts were generally greatest at frequencies at or close to the neuron's threshold best frequency (BF). Eighty-six percent of posterior-field neurons displayed spike counts that were a nonmonotonic function of the intensity of a BF tone. Of these, over 90% showed at least a 50% reduction in spike count at high stimulus levels, and almost 20% of nonmonotonic cells ceased responding entirely at high stimulus intensities. The nonmonotonic shape of spike count-versus-intensity profiles was typically preserved across the range of frequencies to which any given neuron was responsive. For some neurons, this had the consequence of generating a completely circumscribed frequency-intensity response area. That is, these neurons responded to a tonal stimulus only if the stimulus was within a restricted range of both frequency and intensity. These response areas showed internal organizations that appeared to reflect one or both of two processes. For some neurons, the optimal sound pressure level for spike counts varied with tone frequency, roughly paralleling the threshold tuning curve. For other neurons, the optimal sound pressure level tended to be constant across frequency despite threshold variations of up to 20 dB. The minimum response latencies of posterior-field neurons were generally in the range of 20-50 ms, while cells in the primary auditory cortex (AI) in the same animals generally had minimum latent periods of less than 20 ms. Comparison of these data with those previously presented for neurons in two other cortical auditory fields suggests that the cat's auditory cortex might show an interfield segregation of neurons according to their coding properties.
@Article{Phillips1984,
author = {DP Phillips and SS Orman},
journal = {J Neurophysiol},
title = {Responses of single neurons in posterior field of cat auditory cortex to tonal stimulation.},
year = {1984},
note = {as cited by \citeNP{Heil1998}},
number = {1},
pages = {147-63},
volume = {51},
abstract = {In the auditory cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized cats, the posterior
auditory field (field P) was identified by its tonotopic organization,
and single neurons in that field were studied quantitatively for
their sensitivity to the frequency and intensity of tonal stimuli
presented via calibrated, sealed stimulating systems. Field P neurons
had narrow, V-shaped, threshold frequency tuning curves. At suprathreshold
levels, spike counts were generally greatest at frequencies at or
close to the neuron's threshold best frequency (BF). Eighty-six percent
of posterior-field neurons displayed spike counts that were a nonmonotonic
function of the intensity of a BF tone. Of these, over 90\% showed
at least a 50\% reduction in spike count at high stimulus levels,
and almost 20\% of nonmonotonic cells ceased responding entirely
at high stimulus intensities. The nonmonotonic shape of spike count-versus-intensity
profiles was typically preserved across the range of frequencies
to which any given neuron was responsive. For some neurons, this
had the consequence of generating a completely circumscribed frequency-intensity
response area. That is, these neurons responded to a tonal stimulus
only if the stimulus was within a restricted range of both frequency
and intensity. These response areas showed internal organizations
that appeared to reflect one or both of two processes. For some neurons,
the optimal sound pressure level for spike counts varied with tone
frequency, roughly paralleling the threshold tuning curve. For other
neurons, the optimal sound pressure level tended to be constant across
frequency despite threshold variations of up to 20 dB. The minimum
response latencies of posterior-field neurons were generally in the
range of 20-50 ms, while cells in the primary auditory cortex (AI)
in the same animals generally had minimum latent periods of less
than 20 ms. Comparison of these data with those previously presented
for neurons in two other cortical auditory fields suggests that the
cat's auditory cortex might show an interfield segregation of neurons
according to their coding properties.},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, 6693932},
}1980 (1)
Knowledge, information, and information science. Farradane, J. Journal of Information Science, 2(2):75–80, April, 1980.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex A fairly detailed 'picture' of the scope of information science is presented and discussed, to show the problems involved and the areas of research needed to develop the subject as a science. In particular, the processes occurring in thinking, memory and knowledge are considered as they arise in the production of information by an originator, and in the receipt of information by a user.
@article{farradane_knowledge_1980,
title = {Knowledge, information, and information science},
volume = {2},
issn = {0165-5515, 1741-6485},
url = {http://jis.sagepub.com/content/2/2/75},
doi = {10.1177/016555158000200203},
abstract = {A fairly detailed 'picture' of the scope of information science is presented and discussed, to show the problems involved and the areas of research needed to develop the subject as a science. In particular, the processes occurring in thinking, memory and knowledge are considered as they arise in the production of information by an originator, and in the receipt of information by a user.},
language = {en},
number = {2},
urldate = {2016-07-22},
journal = {Journal of Information Science},
author = {Farradane, J.},
month = apr,
year = {1980},
keywords = {Knowledge, Theory, Thought, communication, information, information retrieval, information science, memory},
pages = {75--80},
}1978 (1)
Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Näätänen, R, Gaillard, A., & Mäntysalo, S Acta Psychol (Amst), 42(4):313-29, 1978.
bibtex
bibtex
@Article{MMN-Original,
author = {N\"{a}\"{a}t\"{a}nen, R and Gaillard, AW and M\"{a}ntysalo, S},
journal = {Acta Psychol (Amst)},
title = {Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted.},
year = {1978},
number = {4},
pages = {313-29},
volume = {42},
keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, 685709},
}1975 (1)
Meaning in visual search. Potter, M. C. Science, 187(4180):965-6, 1975.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Viewers briefly glimpsed pictures presented in a sequence at rates up to eight per second. They recognized a target picture as accurately and almost as rapidly when they knew only its meaning given by a name (for example, a boat) as when they had seen the picture itself in advance.
@Article{Potter1975,
author = {Mary C. Potter},
journal = {Science},
title = {Meaning in visual search.},
year = {1975},
number = {4180},
pages = {965-6},
volume = {187},
abstract = {Viewers briefly glimpsed pictures presented in a sequence at rates
up to eight per second. They recognized a target picture as accurately
and almost as rapidly when they knew only its meaning given by a
name (for example, a boat) as when they had seen the picture itself
in advance.},
keywords = {Adult, Form Perception, Humans, Memory, Pattern Recognition, Reaction Time, Visual, 1145183},
}1971 (2)
Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man. Milner, B. Br Med Bull, 27(3):272–7, 1971.
doi bibtex
doi bibtex
@article{milner_interhemispheric_1971,
title = {Interhemispheric differences in the localization of psychological processes in man},
volume = {27},
doi = {10/gjjwbg},
number = {3},
journal = {Br Med Bull},
author = {Milner, B.},
year = {1971},
keywords = {\#nosource, *Dominance, Cerebral, Frontal Lobe/physiology, Human, Laterality, Memory, Psychosurgery, Telencephalon/physiology, Temporal Lobe/physiology, Touch},
pages = {272--7},
}Associative visual agnosia. Rubens, A. & Benson, D. Arch Neurol, 24(4):305–16, 1971.
Paper doi bibtex
Paper doi bibtex @article{rubens_associative_1971,
title = {Associative visual agnosia},
volume = {24},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=5548450},
doi = {10/ctsmrq},
number = {4},
journal = {Arch Neurol},
author = {Rubens, A.B. and Benson, D.F.},
year = {1971},
keywords = {Acute Disease, Agnosia/*complications, Color Perception, Corpus Callosum, Dyslexia, Acquired/complications, Follow-Up Studies, Form Perception, Hemianopsia/complications, Humans, Hypotension/complications, Intelligence Tests, Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/*complications, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Vision Disorders/*complications, Visual Fields, Visual Perception},
pages = {305--16},
}1969 (1)
Temporal grouping, rehearsal and short-term memory. Ryan, J. Q J Exp Psychol, 21(2):148-55, 1969.
abstract bibtex
abstract bibtex
Investigated the effects of temporal grouping on auditory short-term memory, using pauses of different lengths to indicate the groups. No quantitative or qualitative differences were found. Results in conjunction with an analysis of the order errors are used to suggest the type of processing occurring. This processing is selective, recoding the information about order according to position within a group.
@Article{Ryan1969,
author = {Joanna Ryan},
journal = {Q J Exp Psychol},
title = {Temporal grouping, rehearsal and short-term memory.},
year = {1969},
number = {2},
pages = {148-55},
volume = {21},
abstract = {Investigated the effects of temporal grouping on auditory short-term
memory, using pauses of different lengths to indicate the groups.
No quantitative or qualitative differences were found. Results in
conjunction with an analysis of the order errors are used to suggest
the type of processing occurring. This processing is selective, recoding
the information about order according to position within a group.},
keywords = {Auditory Perception, Human, Memory, Short-Term, Practice (Psychology), 5787974},
}1963 (1)
Acoustic confusions and memory span for words. Conrad, R. Nature, 197:1029–1030, 1963.
bibtex
bibtex
@Article{Conrad1963,
author = {R. Conrad},
journal = {Nature},
title = {Acoustic confusions and memory span for words.},
year = {1963},
pages = {1029--1030},
volume = {197},
keywords = {Memory},
language = {eng},
medline-pst = {ppublish},
pmid = {14022639},
timestamp = {2011.02.07},
}undefined (3)
Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory. Senkowski, D., Schneider, T. R., Tandler, F., & Engel, A. K. 198(2):363--372. 00016 PMID: 19458939
doi abstract bibtex
doi abstract bibtex
In real-world situations, the integration of sensory information in working memory (WM) is an important mechanism for the recognition of objects. Studies in single sensory modalities show that object recognition is facilitated if bottom-up inputs match a template held in WM, and that this effect may be linked to enhanced synchronization of neurons in the gamma-band (\textgreater30 Hz). Natural objects, however, frequently provide inputs to multiple sensory modalities. In this EEG study, we examined the integration of semantically matching or non-matching visual and auditory inputs using a delayed visual-to-auditory object-matching paradigm. In the event-related potentials (ERPs) triggered by auditory inputs, effects of semantic matching were observed after 120-170 ms at frontal and posterior regions, indicating WM-specific processing across modalities, and after 250-400 ms over medial-central regions, possibly reflecting the contextual integration of sensory inputs. Additionally, total gamma-band activity (GBA) with medial-central topography after 120-180 ms was larger for matching compared to non-matching trials. This demonstrates that multisensory matching in WM is reflected by GBA and that dynamic coupling of neural populations in this frequency range might be a crucial mechanism for integrative multisensory processes.
@article{ senkowski_gamma-band_2009,
title = {Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory},
volume = {198},
issn = {1432-1106},
doi = {10.1007/s00221-009-1835-0},
abstract = {In real-world situations, the integration of sensory information in working memory ({WM}) is an important mechanism for the recognition of objects. Studies in single sensory modalities show that object recognition is facilitated if bottom-up inputs match a template held in {WM}, and that this effect may be linked to enhanced synchronization of neurons in the gamma-band ({\textgreater}30 Hz). Natural objects, however, frequently provide inputs to multiple sensory modalities. In this {EEG} study, we examined the integration of semantically matching or non-matching visual and auditory inputs using a delayed visual-to-auditory object-matching paradigm. In the event-related potentials ({ERPs}) triggered by auditory inputs, effects of semantic matching were observed after 120-170 ms at frontal and posterior regions, indicating {WM}-specific processing across modalities, and after 250-400 ms over medial-central regions, possibly reflecting the contextual integration of sensory inputs. Additionally, total gamma-band activity ({GBA}) with medial-central topography after 120-180 ms was larger for matching compared to non-matching trials. This demonstrates that multisensory matching in {WM} is reflected by {GBA} and that dynamic coupling of neural populations in this frequency range might be a crucial mechanism for integrative multisensory processes.},
pages = {363--372},
number = {2},
journaltitle = {Experimental Brain Research},
shortjournal = {Exp Brain Res},
author = {Senkowski, Daniel and Schneider, Till R. and Tandler, Frithjof and Engel, Andreas K.},
date = {2009-09},
note = {00016 {PMID}: 19458939},
keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Auditory Perception, brain, Brain mapping, electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Young Adult},
file = {Senkowski et al_2009_Experimental Brain Research_Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory.pdf:files/1296/Senkowski et al_2009_Experimental Brain Research_Gamma-band activity reflects multisensory matching in working memory.pdf:application/pdf}
}Long-Term Retention of Basic Science Knowledge: A Review Study. Custers, E. J. F. M. 15(1):109–128.
Paper doi abstract bibtex
Paper doi abstract bibtex In this paper, a review of long-term retention of basic science knowledge is presented. First, it is argued that retention of this knowledge has been a long-standing problem in medical education. Next, three types of studies are described that are employed in the literature to investigate long-term retention of knowledge in general. Subsequently, first the results of retention studies in general education are presented, followed by those of studies of basic science knowledge in medical education. The results of the review, in the general educational domain as well as in medical education, suggest that approximately two-third to three-fourth of knowledge will be retained after one year, with a further decrease to slightly below fifty percent in the next year. Finally, some recommendations are made for instructional strategies in curricula to improve long term retention of the subject matter dealt with.
@article{custersLongtermRetentionBasic2010,
title = {Long-Term Retention of Basic Science Knowledge: A Review Study},
shorttitle = {Long-Term Retention of Basic Science Knowledge},
author = {Custers, Eugène J. F. M.},
date = {2010-03-01},
journaltitle = {Advances in Health Sciences Education},
volume = {15},
pages = {109--128},
issn = {1573-1677},
doi = {10.1007/s10459-008-9101-y},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-008-9101-y},
urldate = {2019-07-02},
abstract = {In this paper, a review of long-term retention of basic science knowledge is presented. First, it is argued that retention of this knowledge has been a long-standing problem in medical education. Next, three types of studies are described that are employed in the literature to investigate long-term retention of knowledge in general. Subsequently, first the results of retention studies in general education are presented, followed by those of studies of basic science knowledge in medical education. The results of the review, in the general educational domain as well as in medical education, suggest that approximately two-third to three-fourth of knowledge will be retained after one year, with a further decrease to slightly below fifty percent in the next year. Finally, some recommendations are made for instructional strategies in curricula to improve long term retention of the subject matter dealt with.},
keywords = {~INRMM-MiD:z-WMVNSX2K,incomplete-knowledge,knowledge,knowledge-management,learning,memory},
langid = {english},
number = {1}
}The involvement of the fronto-parietal brain network in oculomotor sequence learning using fMRI. Burke, M.
Paper abstract bibtex
Paper abstract bibtex Tel:+44(0)1133435738 2 Abstract The basis of motor learning involves decomposing complete actions into a series of predictive individual components that form the whole. The present fMRI study provides the first investigation into areas of the human brain important for oculomotor short-term learning, by using a novel sequence learning paradigm that is equivalent in visual and temporal properties for both saccades and pursuit. In contrast with previous studies that have implemented a series of discrete ramps to observe predictive behaviour as evidence for learning, we presented a continuous sequence of interlinked components that better represents real-world tracking and gaze shifts. Our analogous pursuit and saccade task involves the learning of direction changes only (not velocity changes as is usually the case in pursuit) enabling more direct comparisons between the oculomotor subsystems. We implemented both a classic univariate fMRI analysis, followed by a further multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) within a priori regions of interest, to investigate oculomotor sequence learning in the brain. This study has uniquely identified an equivalent frontal-parietal network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortex) in both saccades and pursuit. In addition, this is the first study to investigate oculomotor sequence learning during fMRI brain imaging, and makes significant contributions to understanding the role of the dorsal networks in motor learning.
@article{
title = {The involvement of the fronto-parietal brain network in oculomotor sequence learning using fMRI},
type = {article},
keywords = {MVPA,fMRI,human,memory,prediction,pursuit,saccade},
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created = {2016-01-21T10:21:20.000Z},
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last_modified = {2016-01-21T10:25:18.000Z},
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abstract = {Tel:+44(0)1133435738 2 Abstract The basis of motor learning involves decomposing complete actions into a series of predictive individual components that form the whole. The present fMRI study provides the first investigation into areas of the human brain important for oculomotor short-term learning, by using a novel sequence learning paradigm that is equivalent in visual and temporal properties for both saccades and pursuit. In contrast with previous studies that have implemented a series of discrete ramps to observe predictive behaviour as evidence for learning, we presented a continuous sequence of interlinked components that better represents real-world tracking and gaze shifts. Our analogous pursuit and saccade task involves the learning of direction changes only (not velocity changes as is usually the case in pursuit) enabling more direct comparisons between the oculomotor subsystems. We implemented both a classic univariate fMRI analysis, followed by a further multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) within a priori regions of interest, to investigate oculomotor sequence learning in the brain. This study has uniquely identified an equivalent frontal-parietal network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields and posterior parietal cortex) in both saccades and pursuit. In addition, this is the first study to investigate oculomotor sequence learning during fMRI brain imaging, and makes significant contributions to understanding the role of the dorsal networks in motor learning.},
bibtype = {article},
author = {Burke, Melanie}
}