@unpublished{Llisterri:2018aa,
	Abstracturl = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/phonetics/AESLA_18/AESLA_18.html},
	Author = {Llisterri, Joaquim and Machuca, María Jesús and Ríos, Antonio},
	Date = {2018-04},
	Date-Added = {2018-04-25 07:18:20 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-09-20 09:11:42 +0200},
	Keywords = {forensic, forensic phonetics, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, Spanish, disfluencies, pauses, duration, temporal factors, phonetics, prosody},
	Location = {Cádiz, Spain},
	Note = {Paper presented at the 36 Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Lingüística Aplicada. Lingüística aplicada y transferencia del conocimiento: empleabilidad, internacionalización y retos sociales},
	Organization = {AESLA, Asociación Española de Lingüística Aplicada -- Universidad de Cádiz},
	Title = {Caracterización del hablante con fines judiciales: fenómenos fónicos propios del habla espontánea},
	Year = {2018},
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@article{McDougall_2017,
	Author = {McDougall, Kirsty and Duckworth, Martin},
	Date = {2017},
	Date-Added = {2018-05-12 07:10:54 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 20:41:53 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.specom.2017.10.001},
	Journal = {Speech Communication},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, English, filled pauses, forensic, forensic phonetics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors},
	Pages = {16–-27},
	Title = {Profiling fluency: An analysis of individual variation in disfluencies in adult males},
	Volume = {95},
	Year = {2017},
	Abstract = {Individual variation in non-fluency behaviour in normally fluent (NF) adults, is investigated. Differences among speakers in the usage of a range of features such as filled and silent pauses, sound prolongations, repetition of phrases, words or part-words, and self-interruptions is explored in the spontaneous speech of 20 male speakers of Standard Southern British English from the DyViS database. The speech analysed is semi-spontaneous, and taken from a simulated police interview task. A taxonomy of fluency features for forensic analysis (TOFFA) was applied to this speech data. The rate of occurrence of each feature per 100 syllables is calculated for each speaker. Results show that individuals vary considerably in the rates of these fluency features occurring in their speech and that between-speaker differences are present in the types of features speakers produce. Implications of the significance of these findings for forensic phonetics are discussed.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2017.10.001}}

@article{G_sy_2017,
	Author = {Gósy, Mária and Gyarmathy, Dorottya and Beke, András},
	Date = {2017},
	Date-Added = {2018-01-26 10:50:16 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:00:11 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1075/ijlcr.3.2.03gos},
	Journal = {International Journal of Learner Corpus Research},
	Keywords = {L2, L2 acquisition, EFL, Hungarian NL, disfluencies, pauses, filled pauses, phonetics, acoustic phonetics, temporal factors, prosody},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {149–-174},
	Title = {Phonetic analysis of filled pauses based on a Hungarian-English learner corpus},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2017},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.3.2.03gos}}

@inproceedings{Villa:2017aa,
	Address = {Santiago de Cuba},
	Author = {Villa, José and Gil, Juana and Lahoz, José María},
	Booktitle = {Nuevos estudios sobre comunicación social},
	Date = {2017},
	Date-Added = {2017-10-31 22:19:13 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 17:36:22 +0000},
	Keywords = {Spanish, phonetics, acoustic cues, segmental, vowels, prosody, disfluencies, pauses, filled pauses, temporal factors, formant frequencies},
	Pages = {165--169},
	Publisher = {Centro de Lingüística Aplicada},
	Title = {Las vocales de relleno en español: nuevos datos y algunas reflexiones},
	Year = {2017},
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Paper  bibtex   

@article{Cremades:2016aa,
	Author = {Cremades, Elga},
	Date = {2016},
	Date-Added = {2016-12-04 09:58:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:30:33 +0000},
	Journal = {Estudios interlingüísticos},
	Keywords = {phonetics, Spanish, Catalan, bilingualism, forensic, forensic phonetics, temporal factors, speech rate, prosody},
	Pages = {13--35},
	Title = {El tempo como factor discriminante en el análisis forense del habla: análisis descriptivo en hablantes bilingües (catalán-español)},
	Url = {https://estudiosinterlinguisticos.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/04cremadescortiella.pdf},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2016},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://estudiosinterlinguisticos.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/04cremadescortiella.pdf}}

@unpublished{Lo:2016aa,
	Abstracturl = {https://sites.google.com/a/york.ac.uk/iafpa-25/},
	Author = {Lo, Justin Jing Hoi},
	Date = {2016-07},
	Date-Added = {2018-05-11 20:07:30 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-18 14:25:25 +0000},
	Keywords = {forensic, forensic phonetics, disfluencies, pauses, filled pauses, bilingualism, phonetics, temporal factors, prosody},
	Location = {York, UK},
	Note = {Paper presented at the 25th Annual Conference of the International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics},
	Title = {The effect of bilingualism on filled pauses and their discriminatory power},
	Year = {2016},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://sites.google.com/a/york.ac.uk/iafpa-25/}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{gosy_development_2015,
	Author = {Gósy, Mária and Gyarmathy, Dorottya and Beke, András},
	Booktitle = {Workshop on Phonetic Learner Corpora},
	Date = {2015},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-21 09:55:06 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2015-08-12},
	Keywords = {EFL, filled pauses, Hungarian, L2, language resources, pauses, phonetics, prosody, read speech, speaking styles, speech corpus, spontaneous speech, task oriented dialogue, temporal factors, learner corpus},
	Location = {Glasgow, Scotland, UK},
	Title = {The development of a Hungarian-English learner speech database and a related analysis of filled pauses},
	Url = {http://www.ifcasl.org/docs/Gosy_final.pdf},
	Year = {2015},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.ifcasl.org/docs/Gosy_final.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{rose_temporal_2015,
	Address = {Glasgow},
	Author = {Rose, Ralph},
	Booktitle = {ICPhS 2015. Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
	Date = {2015},
	Date-Modified = {2017-06-08 19:08:37 +0000},
	Editor = {{The Scottish Consortium for ICPhS 2015}},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, duration, EFL, fluency, Japanese, L2, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, speech perception, speech production, speech rate, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Publisher = {The University of Glasgow},
	Title = {Temporal variables in first and second language speech and perception of fluency},
	Url = {https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0405.pdf},
	Year = {2015},
	Abstract = {Evidence is accumulating that many temporal features of second language speech are correlated with those of first language speech. This study looks at the correlation between articulation rate, pause rate, and mean pause duration in Japanese first and English second language speech and how second language fluency raters perceive these. In a cross- linguistic corpus of spontaneous speech, mean pause duration was found to have a near-high correlation while the other two temporal variables have a moderate correlation. A subsequent elicitation of fluency judgments on the second language English speech via Amazon Mechanical Turk showed that ratings were highly dependent on pause duration, rather less on articulation rate, but not on pause rate. Results suggest that raters' perception of second language fluency is divergent from speakers' actual second language development: Ratings are related to features that are not indicative of second language development but rather of individual speech patterns},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS2015/Papers/ICPHS0405.pdf}}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{Bosker:2014aa,
	Author = {Bosker, Hans Rutger and Quené, Hugo and Sanders, Ted and de Jong, Nivja H},
	Date = {2014},
	Date-Added = {2018-04-28 08:34:58 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:19:13 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/lang.12067},
	Journal = {Language Learning},
	Keywords = {phonetics, speech perception, L1, L2, L2 acquisition, fluency, disfluencies, pauses, speech rate, temporal factors, prosody},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {579--614},
	Title = {The perception of fluency in native and nonnative speech},
	Url = {http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:1900235:8/component/escidoc:2052558/Bosker_etal_2014.1pdf.pdf},
	Volume = {64},
	Year = {2014},
	Abstract = {Where native speakers supposedly are fluent by default, nonnative speakers often have to strive hard to achieve a nativelike fluency level. However, disfluencies (such as pauses, fillers, repairs, etc.) occur in both native and nonnative speech and it is as yet unclear how fluency raters weigh the fluency characteristics of native and nonnative speech. Two rating experiments compared the way raters assess the fluency of native and nonnative speech. The fluency characteristics were controlled by using phonetic manipulations in pause (Experiment 1) and speed characteristics (Experiment 2). The results show that the ratings of manipulated native and nonnative speech were affected in a similar fashion. This suggests that there is no difference in the way listeners weigh the fluency characteristics of native and nonnative speakers.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12067},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:1900235:8/component/escidoc:2052558/Bosker_etal_2014.1pdf.pdf}}

@incollection{llisterri_acento_2014,
	Address = {Madrid},
	Author = {Llisterri, Joaquim and Machuca, María Jesús and Ríos, Antonio and Schwab, Sandra},
	Booktitle = {Fonética experimental, educación superior e investigación},
	Date = {2014},
	Date-Modified = {2018-06-02 19:46:29 +0000},
	Editor = {Congosto, Yolanda and Montero, María Luisa and Salvador, Antonio},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, Spanish},
	Language = {es},
	Pages = {357-376},
	Publisher = {Arco/Libros},
	Rating = {0},
	Title = {El acento léxico en contexto: datos acústicos},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2014},
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Paper  bibtex   

@book{eklund_diss_2013,
	Address = {Stockholm, Sweden, 21--23 August 2013},
	Date = {2013},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 09:10:01 +0000},
	Editor = {Eklund, Robert},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, phonetics, proceedings, speaking styles, spontaneous speech},
	Title = {DiSS 2013. Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/diss_2013/},
	Year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive/diss_2013/}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{rose_crosslinguistic_2013,
	Author = {Rose, Ralph},
	Booktitle = {Interspeech 2013. Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association},
	Date = {2013},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-21 09:43:24 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2013-08-25/2013-08-29},
	Keywords = {contrastive, language resources, disfluencies, duration, L2, L2 acquisition, language resources, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speech corpus, speech rate, temporal factors, learner corpus},
	Location = {Lyon, France},
	Pages = {992--996},
	Title = {Crosslinguistic Corpus of Hesitation Phenomena: A corpus for investigating first and second language speech performance},
	Url = {http://www.roselab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/resources/file/2013_interspeech_rose_cchp_final.pdf},
	Year = {2013},
	Abstract = {There is a growing consensus that there is a need to evaluate second language speech performance with respect to first language speech behavior. To support this need, the Crosslinguistic Corpus of Hesitation Phenomena was developed. This freely available corpus is designed to investigate the crosslinguistic influence of speech patterns and consists of recordings of speakers producing first and second language speech samples in response to parallel elicitation tasks in each language. Preliminary results from the corpus are consistent with other findings that second language performance is sometimes correlated with first language speech behavior. In particular, findings show that silent pause rate and duration as well as other hesitation phenomena correlate with first language performance while speech rate does not. Interestingly, repeats also differ from first language production. Results show that the corpus may be a useful tool for researchers who wish to investigate the correspondence between first and second language speech, particularly with respect to the use of hesitation phenomena.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.roselab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/resources/file/2013_interspeech_rose_cchp_final.pdf}}

@unpublished{Duckworth:2013aa,
	Author = {Duckworth, Martin and McDougall, Kirsty},
	Date = {2013-07},
	Date-Added = {2018-05-12 19:44:51 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-18 14:24:43 +0000},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, English, forensic, forensic phonetics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors, speaking styles},
	Location = {Tampa, FL, USA},
	Note = {Paper presented at the 22st Annual Conference of the International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics},
	Title = {Individual differences in fluency disruptions: A cross-style investigation},
	Year = {2013}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{contreras_velocidad_2013,
	Author = {Contreras, Sandra},
	Date = {2013},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:26:00 +0000},
	Journal = {Lengua y Habla},
	Keywords = {América, descriptive, geographical variation, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speaking styles, speech rate, temporal factors, Venezuela},
	Language = {es},
	Pages = {237--243},
	Title = {La velocidad de habla como elemento diferenciados entre el registro formal e informal del habla},
	Url = {http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/index.php/lenguayhabla/article/view/4566},
	Volume = {17},
	Year = {2013},
	Abstract = {En esta investigación se trató de determinar si los registros formal e informal, podían ser diferenciados a través de la velocidad de habla en un acto de comunicación. Estos registros estaban representados por la modalidad discursiva de la conversación y la de la clase. Se partió de la idea de que el contexto situacional podría estar influyendo la velocidad de habla. Los resultados arrojaron que ambas modalidades discursivas se diferencian claramente mediante la velocidad de habla.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://erevistas.saber.ula.ve/index.php/lenguayhabla/article/view/4566}}

@article{dingemanse_is_2013,
	Author = {Dingemanse, Mark and Torreira, Francisco and Enfield, Nicholas J},
	Date = {2013},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:32:30 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0078273},
	Journal = {PLOS ONE},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, conversation, descriptive, disfluencies, evolution of language, f0, formant frequencies, linguistics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repairs, speaking styles, temporal factors, universals},
	Number = {11},
	Pages = {1--10},
	Title = {Is ``Huh?'' a universal word? Conversational infrastructure and the convergent evolution of linguistic items},
	Volume = {8},
	Year = {2013},
	Abstract = {word like Huh?--used as a repair initiator when, for example, one has not clearly heard what someone just said-- is found in roughly the same form and function in spoken languages across the globe. We investigate it in naturally occurring conversations in ten languages and present evidence and arguments for two distinct claims: that Huh? is universal, and that it is a word. In support of the first, we show that the similarities in form and function of this interjection across languages are much greater than expected by chance. In support of the second claim we show that it is a lexical, conventionalised form that has to be learnt, unlike grunts or emotional cries. We discuss possible reasons for the cross-linguistic similarity and propose an account in terms of convergent evolution. Huh? is a universal word not because it is innate but because it is shaped by selective pressures in an interactional environment that all languages share: that of other-initiated repair. Our proposal enhances evolutionary models of language change by suggesting that conversational infrastructure can drive the convergent cultural evolution of linguistic items.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078273}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{gendrot_comparaison_2012,
	Author = {Gendrot, Cédric and Adda-Decker, Martine and Schmid, Carolin},
	Booktitle = {Actes de la conférence conjointe JEP-TALN-RECITAL 2012. Volume 1: JEP},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 07:55:44 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2012-06-04/2012-06-08},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, descriptive, disfluencies, duration, f0, formant frequencies, French, intonation, mass media, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, speech rate, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Grenoble, France},
	Pages = {649--656},
	Title = {Comparaison de parole journalistique et de parole spontanée: analyses de séquences entre pauses},
	Url = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/F12-1082},
	Year = {2012},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/F12-1082}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@phdthesis{merlo_dinamica_2012,
	Address = {Campinas},
	Author = {Merlo, Sandra},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:30:14 +0000},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, filled pauses, pauses, phonetics, Portuguese, prosody, rhythm, silent pauses, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	School = {Universidade Estadual de Campinas},
	Title = {Dinâmica temporal de pausas e hesitações na fala semi-espontânea},
	Type = {Tese de doutoramento},
	Url = {http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=000850530},
	Year = {2012},
	Abstract = {Premissa: esta pesquisa partiu da premissa de que pausas demarcativas estão relacionadas ao planejamento conceitual e hesitações, à formulação linguística. O planejamento conceitual refere-se a um esquema abstrato do texto falado, composto pelas informações que o falante julga relevantes de acordo com sua meta comunicativa. A formulação linguística refere-se à seleção de lemas e sua organização em estruturas sintáticas e fonológicas. Se pausas demarcativas e hesitações estão relacionadas a processos tão cruciais para a produção falada, sua ocorrência não deve ser marginal e sua distribuição não deve ser aleatória ao longo do texto falado. Método: participaram da pesquisa dez sujeitos do sexo masculino, entre 20 e 34 anos, falantes nativos do português brasileiro, com alto grau de escolaridade e sem distúrbios de comunicação. Foram realizados cinco experimentos de fala semi-espontânea com as seguintes variáveis independentes: memória declarativa, memória operacional, macroplanejamento textual, tipos textuais e taxa de elocução. As variáveis dependentes (pausas demarcativas e hesitações) foram examinadas através de três medidas: proporção, duração e ciclos periódicos (p {\textless} 0,05). A variabilidade individual na manifestação das variáveis dependentes também foi avaliada. Resultados: em média, 24\% do texto falado é composto por pausas e 21\% por hesitações. Dois terços das pausas duram entre 0,5 e 1,5 s, enquanto dois terços das hesitações duram até 1 s. Todos os textos falados apresentam ciclos de pausas e de hesitações, sendo que dois terços dos ciclos de pausa apresentam períodos até 5 s, enquanto dois terços dos ciclos de hesitações apresentam períodos até 10 s. As séries temporais de pausas e de hesitações estão correlacionadas, de forma que mudanças nas séries de pausas precedem em 300 ms mudanças nas séries de hesitações. Apenas 15\% dos ciclos de pausas e hesitações são sincronizados e a grande maioria está em oposição de fase. Todos os cinco experimentos modificaram a dinâmica temporal das pausas demarcativas: textos que exigem elaboração conceitual, análise de novas informações e decisões mais conscientes sobre o sequenciamento de informações aumentam a proporção, a duração e/ou o período dos ciclos de pausas. Dois dos cinco experimentos modificaram a dinâmica temporal das hesitações: textos novos e pouco familiares aumentam a duração das hesitações em relação a textos previamente conhecidos. A variabilidade individual também interfere na dinâmica das pausas e das hesitações, existindo sujeitos que produzem esses fenômenos em abundância, enquanto outros os produzem com parcimônia. Conclusões: os resultados obtidos confirmam a hipótese de que as pausas demarcativas estão relacionadas ao planejamento conceitual e as hesitações, à formulação linguística. Também confirmam que a ocorrência desses fenômenos é significativa e que apresentam distribuição periódica no texto falado. Adicionalmente, os resultados indicam que pausas e hesitações são fenômenos dinâmicos da língua, que emergem de acordo com as necessidades da tarefa e o estilo do sujeito.},
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@unpublished{cicres_comparacion_2012,
	Author = {Cicres, Jordi},
	Date = {2012-04},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-18 14:22:08 +0000},
	Keywords = {Catalan, disfluencies, filled pauses, forensic, forensic phonetics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors},
	Location = {Lleida, Spain},
	Note = {Paper presented at the XXX Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Lingüística Aplicada},
	Title = {Comparación forense de voces mediante el análisis multidimensional de las pausas rellenas},
	Year = {2012},
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Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{rodero_comparative_2012,
	Author = {Rodero, Emma},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:47:36 +0000},
	Journal = {Text \& Talk},
	Keywords = {descriptive, English, French, Italian, mass media, phonetics, prosody, radio, Spanish, speaking styles, speech perception, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {391--411},
	Title = {A comparative analysis of speech rate and perception in radio bulletins},
	Url = {http://prosodia.upf.edu/home/arxiu/publicacions/rodero/rodero_a-comparative-analysis-of-speech-rate-and-perception-in-radio-bulletins.pdf},
	Volume = {32},
	Year = {2012},
	Abstract = {Speech rate is one of the most important elements in a news presentation, e specially on radio, a sound medium. Accordingly, this study seeks to compare broadcasters' speech rate and the number of pauses in 40 news bulletins from the BBC (United Kingdom), Radio France (France), RAI (Italy), and RNE (Spain). Most authors addressing the medium of radio recommend a speech rate of between 160 and 180 words per minute (wpm). If this rate is considered, only one radio station, BBC, would be within the suitable limits. Instead, higher speeds and fewer pauses have been identified in the RAI and RNE bul- letins. The second part of this study attempts to analyze whether perception in the news can be affected by different speech rates. The findings indicate that the extent to which the individuals surveyed experience subjective assessment varies according to the speech rate.},
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@article{villar_use_2012,
	Author = {Villar, Gina and Arciuli, Joanne and Mallard, David},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 19:42:20 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0142716411000117},
	Journal = {Applied Psycholinguistics},
	Keywords = {deception, disfluencies, filled pauses, forensic, forensic phonetics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {83--95},
	Title = {Use of ``um'' in the deceptive speech of a convicted murderer},
	Volume = {33},
	Year = {2012},
	Abstract = {Previous studies have demonstrated a link between language behaviors and deception; however, questions remain about the role of specific linguistic cues, especially in real-life high-stakes lies. This study investigated use of the so-called filler, ``um,'' in externally verifiable truthful versus deceptive speech of a convicted murderer. The data revealed significantly fewer instances of ``um'' in deceptive speech. These results are in line with our recent study of ``um'' in laboratory elicited low-stakes lies. Rather than constituting a filled pause or speech disfluency, ``um'' may have a lexical status similar to other English words and may be under the strategic control of the speaker. In an attempt to successfully deceive, humans may alter their speech, perhaps in order to avoid certain language behaviors that they think might give them away.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0142716411000117}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{schwab_role_2012,
	Address = {Shanghai},
	Author = {Schwab, Sandra and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {Speech Prosody 2012. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Speech Prosody},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2017-12-06 22:02:01 +0000},
	Editor = {Ma, Quiuwu and Ding, Hongwei and Hirst, Daniel},
	Isbn = {978-7-5608-4869-3},
	Keywords = {ELE, French NL, L2, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, speech perception},
	Language = {es},
	Pages = {350-353},
	Publisher = {Tongji University Press},
	Title = {The role of acoustic correlates of stress in the perception of Spanish accentual contrasts by French speakers},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Schwab_Llisterri_Perception_Lexical_Stress_12.pdf},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2012},
	Abstract = {The aim of this research is to examine the role of the acoustic correlates of lexical stress in the integration of accentual information in French speakers. A shape/pseudoword matching task is used, as it implies not only a low-level acoustic processing, but also a lexical processing. Results show, on the one hand, an influence of the accentual pattern in the perception of stress; on the other, they suggest that French speakers' accentual representations seem to be more rigid than the native Spanish ones.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Schwab_Llisterri_Perception_Lexical_Stress_12.pdf}}

@article{adell_production_2012,
	Author = {Adell, Jordi and Escudero, David and Bonafonte, Antonio},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-13 21:55:54 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.specom.2011.10.010},
	Journal = {Speech Communication},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, f0, filled pauses, pause duration, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repetitions, Spanish, speaking styles, speech synthesis, speech technology, temporal factors, text-to-speech},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {459--476},
	Title = {Production of filled pauses in concatenative speech synthesis based on the underlying fluent sentence},
	Volume = {54},
	Year = {2012},
	Abstract = {Until now, speech synthesis has mainly involved reading-style speech. Today, however, text-to-speech systems must provide a variety of styles because users expect these interfaces to do more than just read information. If synthetic voices must be integrated into future technology, they must simulate the way people talk instead of the way people read. Existing knowledge about how disfluencies occur has made it possible to propose a general framework for synthesising disfluencies. We propose a model based on the definition of disfluency and the concept of underlying fluent sentences. The model incorporates the parameters of standard prosodic models for fluent speech with local modifications of prosodic parameters near the interruption point. The constituents of the local models for filled pauses are derived from the analysis corpus, and constituent's prosodic parameters are predicted via linear regression analysis. We also discuss the implementation details of the model when used in a real speech synthesis system. Objective and perceptual evaluations showed that the proposed models outperformed the baseline model. Perceptual evaluations of the system showed that it is possible to synthesise filled pauses without decreasing the overall naturalness of the system, and users stated that the speech produced is even more natural than the one produced without filled pauses.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2011.10.010}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@incollection{schwab_percepcion_2012,
	Address = {Mons},
	Author = {Schwab, Sandra and Alfano, Iolanda and Savy, Renata and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {Perception phonique et parole. Percepción fónica, habla y hablar},
	Date = {2012},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:53:11 +0000},
	Editor = {Calvo, María Victoria and Murillo, Julio},
	Isbn = {978-2-87325-069-0},
	Keywords = {ELE, French NL, Italian NL, L2, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, speech perception},
	Language = {es},
	Pages = {279-296},
	Publisher = {Centre International de Phonétique Appliquée},
	Title = {La percepción del acento léxico en una lengua extranjera},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Schwab_Alfano_Savy_Llisterri_AcentoL2_12.pdf},
	Year = {2012},
	Abstract = {En el presente trabajo se discuten algunos factores que intervienen en la percepción del acento léxico en una lengua extranjera (LE) analizando los resultados más relevantes de un conjunto de experimentos sobre la percepción del acento léxico en español por parte de hablantes nativos de italiano y de francés, así como sobre la percepción del acento léxico en italiano por parte de hablantes nativos de español.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Schwab_Alfano_Savy_Llisterri_AcentoL2_12.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{martinez_matos_prosodia_2011,
	Author = {Martínez Matos, Hernán and Rojas, Darcy},
	Date = {2011},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:28:23 +0000},
	Journal = {Lengua y Habla},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, América, descriptive, emotions, geographical variation, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speaking styles, speech perception, speech rate, temporal factors, Venezuela},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {59--72},
	Title = {Prosodia y emociones: datos acústicos, velocidad de habla y percepción de un corpus actuado},
	Url = {http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3979257},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {2011},
	Abstract = {El estado emocional del hablante suele ser transmitido fielmente a través de la prosodia. Los cambios que se producen en todos los estados emocionales son detectados y cuantificados en el producto acústico final, ya sea a través de diferentes herramientas de análisis acústico o a través de las valoraciones que hacen los oyentes en los tests de percepción. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: (1) revisar y analizar sistemáticamente los correlatos acústicos asociados a emociones actuadas (alegría, tristeza y rabia) y, (2) establecer cuál es la capacidad perceptiva de los oyentes para identificar esas emociones. El corpus utilizado para lograr estos objetivos está constituido por 20 grabaciones de la enunciado Prepara una torta interpretadas por 5 actores profesionales. Los actores simularon cada una de las emociones indicadas durante la emisión del enunciado. Estas grabaciones fueron tratadas con el programa Praat para obtener los correlatos acústicos asociados a cada una de las emociones. Posteriormente, se hizo un test de percepción en el que se le pidió a los informantes que identificaran cada una de las emociones. Los datos obtenidos del análisis acústico muestran que hay diferencias consistentes entre las características acústicas para cada una de los enunciados grabadas. A través del test de percepción, se pudo observar que las emociones, en más del 70\% de los casos, son identificadas claramente. Sin embargo, se observa la existencia de casos en los que los oyentes fallan en la identificación. Las razones de este hecho se discuten en el texto.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3979257}}

@article{gayraud_syntactic_2011,
	Author = {Gayraud, Frédérique and Lee, Hyeran and Barkat-Defradas, Melissa},
	Date = {2011},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-30 18:50:03 +0000},
	Doi = {10.3109/02699206.2010.521612},
	Journal = {Clinical Linguistics \& Phonetics},
	Keywords = {age, Alzheimer, clinical, clinical phonetics, disfluencies, filled pauses, French, interspeaker variation, pause location, pauses, phonetics, prosody, silent pauses, temporal factors, phonetics},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {198--209},
	Title = {Syntactic and lexical context of pauses and hesitations in the discourse of Alzheimer patients and healthy elderly subjects},
	Volume = {25},
	Year = {2011},
	Abstract = {Psycholinguistic studies dealing with Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly consider verbal aspects of language. In this article, we investigated both verbal and non-verbal aspects of speech production in AD. We used pauses and hesitations as markers of planning difficulties and hypothesized that AD patients show different patterns in the process of discourse production. We compared the distribution, the duration and the frequency of speech dysfluencies in the spontaneous discourse of 20 AD patients with 20 age, gender and socio-economically matched healthy peers. We found that patients and controls differ along several lines: patients' discourse displays more frequent silent pauses, which occur more often outside syntactic boundaries and are followed by more frequent words. Overall patients show more lexical retrieval and planning difficulties, but where controls signal their planning difficulties using filled pauses, AD patients do not.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2010.521612}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{nicholson_um..._2010,
	Author = {Nicholson, Hannele and Eberhard, Kathleen and Scheutz, Matthias},
	Booktitle = {DiSS-LPSS Joint Workshop 2010. Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech and 2nd International Symposium on Linguistic Patterns in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:38:43 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2010-09-25/2010-09-26},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, English, filled pauses, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repairs, speaking styles, task oriented dialogue, temporal factors},
	Location = {Tokyo, Japan},
	Pages = {89--92},
	Title = {``Um... don't see any'': The function of filled pauses and repairs},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/diss_lpss_2010/dl10_089.html},
	Year = {2010},
	Abstract = {We investigate disfluency distribution rates within different moves from an interactive task-oriented experiment to further explore the suggestion by Bortfeld et al. [1] and Nicholson [2] that different types of disfluencies may fulfill varying functions. We focus on disfluency types within moves, or speech turns, where a speaker initiates something compared to a response to such a move. We find that filled pauses (FPs) such as um or uh fulfilled an interpersonal role for participants while repairs occurred out of difficulty.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/diss_lpss_2010/dl10_089.html}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{rao_final_2010,
	Address = {Somerville, MA},
	Author = {Rao, Rajiv},
	Booktitle = {Selected Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonology},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:45:13 +0000},
	Editor = {Ortega-Llebaria, Marta},
	Keywords = {América, Cuba, descriptive, disfluencies, duration, Ecuador, España, geographical variation, linguistics, pause duration, pauses, phonetics, prosody, segmental lengthening, Spanish, syntax, temporal factors},
	Pages = {69--82},
	Publisher = {Cascadilla Proceedings Project},
	Title = {Final lengthening and pause duration in three dialects of Spanish},
	Url = {http://www.lingref.com/cpp/lasp/4/paper2368.pdf},
	Year = {2010},
	Abstract = {The present study examines whether the duration of pauses correlates with final lengthening in three domains in Spanish: final word, final syllable, and final stressed syllable. The main findings reveal that final lengthening occurs in all three constituent types both in preboundary and in prepausal situations. The prepausal condition is conducive to increased lengthening of all three constituents involved, which could be a strategy to compensate for decreased intensity at the ends of phrases, or a method of increasing planning time for the production of upcoming ideas. Despite the fact that pauses in general affect final lengthening more than cases with no pause, in this study increased lengthening correlates with PPH boundaries, or shorter pauses. Therefore, for Spanish, there is not some set of cues that indicate stronger or higher ranked phrase boundaries (as seen for European Portuguese), but rather the same cues may function differently in order to cue different phrase boundaries and provide different pragmatic and communicative functions. The empirical findings of the study have theoretical implications as well. It is suggested that combinatory effects of phonetic cues may signal stronger PPH boundaries. The same could be the case for IPs, which implies that each type of phrase may have subcategories based on strength, similar to what is suggested by Frota (2000) for EP.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.lingref.com/cpp/lasp/4/paper2368.pdf}}

@incollection{mestreit_les_2010,
	Address = {Mons},
	Author = {Mestreit, Claude},
	Booktitle = {La langue et l'être communiquant. Hommage à Julio Murillo},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:30:47 +0000},
	Editor = {Baqué, Lorraine and Estrada, Marta},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, FLE, L2, pauses, phonetics, prosody, silent pauses, Spanish NL, temporal factors},
	Pages = {229--248},
	Publisher = {Éditions du CIPA},
	Title = {Les pauses silencieuses: une étude en français langue étrangère},
	Year = {2010}}

@article{banon_pausa_2010,
	Author = {Bañón, Antonio Miguel},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-13 21:57:22 +0000},
	Journal = {Español actual: Revista del español vivo},
	Keywords = {discourse, disfluencies, linguistics, pauses, phonetics, politeness, political discourse, pragmatics, prosody, Spanish, speaking styles, temporal factors},
	Language = {es},
	Pages = {9--46},
	Title = {Pausa y descortesía en el debate político-electoral},
	Volume = {94},
	Year = {2010}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{alfano_cross-language_2010,
	Address = {Torriana},
	Author = {Alfano, Iolanda and Schwab, Sandra and Savy, Renata and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {AISV 2009. La dimensione temporale del parlato. Atti del 5\textsuperscript{o} Convegno Nazionale AISV - Associazione Italiana di Scienze della Voce. Università di Zurigo. 4-6 Febbraio 2009},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2017-12-06 20:56:12 +0000},
	Editor = {Schmid, Stephan and Schwarzenbach, Michael and Studer, Dieter},
	Isbn = {978-88-6368-087-4},
	Keywords = {contrastive, ELE, French NL, Italian NL, L2, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, speech perception},
	Language = {en},
	Pages = {455-474},
	Publisher = {EDK Editore},
	Title = {Cross-language speech perception: Lexical stress in Spanish with Italian and francophone subjects},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Alfano_Schwab_Savy_Llisterri_10_Crosslexical_Perception_Stress.pdf},
	Year = {2010},
	Abstract = {The present work analyses the perception of lexical stress in Spanish by Italian and French native speakers, trying to take into account the differences between Italian, French and Spanish stress systems both in perception and in production. Our results indicate that native language influence is not sufficient to explain the perception process in a foreign language, suggesting that non-native subjects use not only purely 'linguistic' perception strategies, since their choices seem to be also determined by psycholinguistic factors and by acoustic properties of the signal.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Alfano_Schwab_Savy_Llisterri_10_Crosslexical_Perception_Stress.pdf}}

@article{heldner_pauses_2010,
	Author = {Heldner, Mattias and Edlund, Jens},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:02:54 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.002},
	Journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
	Keywords = {conversation, descriptive, disfluencies, linguistics, pauses, phonetics, pragmatics, prosody, speaking styles, temporal factors, turn-taking},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {555--568},
	Title = {Pauses, gaps and overlaps in conversations},
	Volume = {38},
	Year = {2010},
	Abstract = {This paper explores durational aspects of pauses, gaps and overlaps in three different conversational corpora with a view to challenge claims about precision timing in turn-taking. Distributions of pause, gap and overlap durations in conversations are presented, and methodological issues regarding the statistical treatment of such distributions are discussed. The results are related to published minimal response times for spoken utterances and thresholds for detection of acoustic silences in speech. It is shown that turn-taking is generally less precise than is often claimed by researchers in the field of conversation analysis or interactional linguistics. These results are discussed in the light of their implications for models of timing in turn-taking, and for interaction control models in speech technology. In particular, it is argued that the proportion of speaker changes that could potentially be triggered by information immediately preceding the speaker change is large enough for reactive interaction controls models to be viable in speech technology.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.002}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{merlo_periodic_2010,
	Author = {Merlo, Sandra and Barbosa, Plínio Almeida},
	Booktitle = {DiSS-LPSS Joint Workshop 2010. Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech and 2nd International Symposium on Linguistic Patterns in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2010},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:30:34 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2010-09-25/2010-09-26},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, filled pauses, pauses, phonetics, Portuguese, prosody, rhythm, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Tokyo, Japan},
	Pages = {19--22},
	Title = {Periodic cycles of hesitation phenomena in spontaneous speech},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/diss_lpss_2010/dl10_019.html},
	Year = {2010},
	Abstract = {To verify whether hesitation phenomena are distributed periodically in spontaneous speech, twenty speech samples produced by five male adults were analyzed. Spectral analysis allowed for three main findings. First, hesitations present stationary behavior, which implies they did not accumulate in the beginning, in the middle, or in the end of speech samples. Second, periodic cycles of hesitation phenomena were detected in all speech samples (mean cycle duration around 13 seconds). This implies that regions with more hesitations tended to regularly alternate with regions with fewer hesitations. Third, periodic cycles accounted for about 30\% of variance in data.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive/diss_lpss_2010/dl10_019.html}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{sandes_estudio_2009,
	Address = {Belo Horizonte},
	Author = {Sandes, Egisvanda Isys de Almeida and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {V Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas - I Congresso Internacional da Associação Brasileira de Hispanistas},
	Date = {2009},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:43:50 +0000},
	Isbn = {978-85-7758-064-4},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, ELE, L2, phonetics, Portuguese, segmental, vowels},
	Pages = {2521-2529},
	Publisher = {Faculdade de Letras da UFMG},
	Title = {Estudio acústico de las vocales epentéticas en la interlengua de los estudiantes brasileños de E/LE},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Sandes_Llisterri_08_Vocales_Epenteticas_ELE.pdf},
	Year = {2009},
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Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{alfano_sulla_2009,
	Address = {Torriana},
	Author = {Alfano, Iolanda and Savy, Renata and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {AISV 2007. La fonetica sperimentale. Metodo e applicazioni. Atti del 4\textsuperscript{o} Convegno Nazionale AISV - Associazione Italiana di Scienze della Voce. Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS). 3-5 Dicembre 2007},
	Date = {2009},
	Date-Modified = {2017-12-06 20:55:16 +0000},
	Editor = {Romito, Luciano and Galatà, Vincenzo and Lio, Rosita},
	Isbn = {978-88-6368-046-1},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, duration, Italian, L2, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, segmental, Spanish, speech perception, temporal factors, vowels, contrastive},
	Pages = {22-39},
	Publisher = {EDK Editore},
	Title = {Sulla realtà acustica dell'acento lessicale in italiano ed in spagnolo: la durata vocalica in produzione e percezione},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Alfano_Savy_Llisterri_07_Durata_Vocalica_Italiano_Spagnolo.pdf},
	Year = {2009},
	Abstract = {Il presente lavoro mira ad approfondire aspetti controversi relativi alle caratteristiche acustiche in produzione e in percezione dell'accento lessicale in italiano e in spagnolo, emersi in precedenti studi realizzati sulle due lingue con analoghe e pertanto comparabili metodologie sperimentali. L'idea che muove i lavori cui facciamo riferimento (Llisterri et al., 2005; Alfano, 2006; Alfano et al., 2007) nasce dall'intento di valutare il peso dei correlati acustici dell'accento lessicale in percezione. Tali indagini sono state condotte partendo da esperimenti percettivi realizzati con stimoli (parole e non parole in isolamento) ottenuti in seguito alla manipolazione sistematica di durata e frequenza fondamentale. A dispetto delle rilevanti proprietà strutturali condivise dai due sistemi linguistici, in italiano la durata risulta giocare un ruolo dominante (Alfano, 2006), mentre in spagnolo la f0 si delinea come il parametro responsabile della percezione dell'accento, se manipolato però insieme alla durata o all'intensità (Llisterri et al., 2005). I risultati mostrano, per ambedue le lingue, la natura complessa del processo di percezione, ma ancor più articolata si delinea l'analisi dei dati relativi allo stesso protocollo sperimentale impiegato in un lavoro linguisticamente incrociato, con stimoli in italiano e parlanti nativi di spagnolo (Alfano et al., 2007). Tale esperimento era stato messo a punto per capire se, ed eventualmente in che modo, la strategia percettiva dipende dalla lingua madre; i soggetti spagnoli paiono reagire all'ascolto di input in italiano diversamente da come fanno nella propria lingua. Mentre, infatti, in spagnolo si mostrano del tutto insensibili alla sola alterazione del fattore temporale, in italiano reagiscono agli stimoli con la durata alterata presentando evidenti difficoltà, sia nell'identificazione che nella discriminazione. Un'analisi del grado di coerenza delle risposte in relazione alla tipologia di modifica mostra, in conseguenza della manipolazione della durata, una situazione fortemente problematica. Data la peculiarità del comportamento dei soggetti in risposta all'alterazione di questo parametro, ci è parso necessario effettuare un'analisi delle caratteristiche acustiche di durata vocalica in italiano e in spagnolo. Presentiamo, dunque, un'analisi contrastiva della durata vocalica nei corpora impiegati negli esperimenti rispetto a: a) posizione della vocale, b) sua tonicità/atonicità, c) profilo accentuale della parola. Tale indagine rileva differenze interessanti e talvolta inaspettate tra i due sistemi, che porgiamo altresì come chiave interpretativa della strategia percettiva impiegata in lingua straniera.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Alfano_Savy_Llisterri_07_Durata_Vocalica_Italiano_Spagnolo.pdf}}

Paper  bibtex   

@incollection{rios_signos_2009,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {Ríos, Antonio},
	Booktitle = {Lengua, comunicación y libros de estilo},
	Date = {2009},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:47:05 +0000},
	Editor = {Alcoba, Santiago},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, mass media, pauses, phonetics, prosody, punctuation, Spanish, temporal factors, writing},
	Pages = {161--173},
	Title = {Signos de puntuación y libros de estilo},
	Url = {http://dfe.uab.es/dfeblog/salcoba/files/2009/07/libro-estilo.pdf},
	Year = {2009},
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Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{marrero_identifying_2008-1,
	Address = {Paris, France. 29 June - 4 July, 2008 [Summary published in \textit{The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123}(5), 3877]},
	Author = {Marrero, Victoria and Battaner, Elena and Gil, Juana and Llisterri, Joaquim and Machuca, María Jesús and Marquina, Montserrat and de la Mota, Carme and Ríos, Antonio},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of Acoustics'08},
	Date = {2008},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 20:41:53 +0000},
	Isbn = {978-2-9521105-4-9},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, forensic, forensic phonetics, phonetics, segmental, Spanish, vowels},
	Organization = {Société Française d'Acoustique -- Acoustical Society of America -- European Acoustics Association},
	Pages = {9675-9679},
	Title = {Identifying speaker-dependent acoustic parameters in Spanish vowels},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/phonetics/VILE/VILE_Acoustics08.pdf},
	Year = {2008},
	Abstract = {In the frame of VILE Projects (Inter‐and‐Intra‐Speaker‐Variation‐in‐Spanish for automatic speaker identification), we try to identify what vowel's acoustic parameters depend more on the individual characteristics of the speaker and less of the linguistic variables. Variations on standard deviation (SD), when grouping together parameters by speaker or by phoneme, are analysed. 30 speakers (from AHUMADA database) read the same text in three sessions. Mean value (Hz) of four formants (F1‐F2‐F3‐F4) and fundamental frequency (F0) are analysed in Spanish vowels (except /u/), surrounded by unvoiced stops or /s/ (1850 samples). Hypothesis: Individual parameters will show less SD when grouping by speaker/session; vowel quality parameters, when grouping by phoneme. F1 and F2 are timbre‐dependent parameters. F3 and F4 are speaker‐dependent parameters. F0 has characteristics of both. The most variable parameter is F2. The opposite is F4. No significant differences grouping by session or by speakers in none of the parameters. F0 has the highest variability between vowel qualities, even if stressed and unstressed vowels are separated. When clustering data by speaker/sessión (all vowels together), by comparison with clustering by vowel (all speakers together), SD is 50\% higher in F1‐F2, 75\% lesser in F4, 66\% lesser in F0, F3 shows no significant differences},
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@article{quene_multilevel_2008,
	Author = {Quené, Hugo},
	Date = {2008},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:44:52 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1121/1.2821762},
	Journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},
	Keywords = {age, conversation, descriptive, dialectology, Dutch, gender, geographical variation, interspeaker variation, intraspeaker variation, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, speech rate, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {1104--1113},
	Title = {Multilevel modeling of between-speaker and within-speaker variation in spontaneous speech tempo},
	Volume = {123},
	Year = {2008},
	Abstract = {Speech tempo (articulation rate) varies both between and within speakers. The present study investigates several factors affecting tempo in a corpus of spoken Dutch, consisting of interviews with 160 high-school teachers. Speech tempo was observed for each phrase separately, and analyzed by means of multilevel modeling of the speaker's sex, age, country, and dialect region (between speakers) and length, sequential position of phrase, and autocorrelated tempo (within speakers). Results show that speech tempo in this corpus depends mainly on phrase length, due to anticipatory shortening, and on the speaker's country, with different speaking styles in The Netherlands (faster, less varied) and in Flanders (slower, more varied). Additional analyses showed that phrase length itself is shorter in The Netherlands than in Flanders, and decreases with speaker's age. Older speakers tend to vary their phrase length more (within speakers), perhaps due to their accumulated verbal proficiency.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2821762}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{moniz_filled-pauses_2007,
	Author = {Moniz, Helena and Mata, Ana Isabel and Viana, Maria do Céu},
	Booktitle = {Interspeech 2007. Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association},
	Date = {2007},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:31:24 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2007-08-27/2007-08-31},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, duration, filled pauses, pauses, phonetics, Portuguese, prosody, segmental lengthening, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Antwerp, Belgium},
	Pages = {2645--2648},
	Title = {On filled-pauses and prolongations in European Portuguese},
	Url = {http://www.inesc-id.pt/pt/indicadores/Ficheiros/4060.pdf},
	Year = {2007},
	Abstract = {This paper reports preliminary results from a study of disfluencies in European Portuguese, based on a corpus of prepared (non-scripted) and spontaneous oral presentations in high school context. We will focus on the contextual distribution and temporal patterns of filled pauses and segmental prolongations, as well as on the way those are rated by listeners. Results suggest that filled pauses and segmental prolongations behave alike, have similar functions and may be considered in complementary distribution, obeying general syntactic and prosodic constraints.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.inesc-id.pt/pt/indicadores/Ficheiros/4060.pdf}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{kendall_listening_2007,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {Kendall, Tyler},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd European IAFL Conference on Forensic Linguistics / Language and the Law},
	Date = {2007},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-20 19:19:48 +0000},
	Editor = {Turell, M Teresa and Spassova, Maria and Cicres, Jordi},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, forensic, forensic phonetics, forensic linguistics, orthographic transcription, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors, transcription},
	Pages = {323--332},
	Publisher = {Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada, Universitat Pompeu Fabra},
	Title = {Listening to silence: interpretation and transcription of pause in deposition},
	Url = {http://pages.uoregon.edu/tsk/pdfs/kendall_pause-in-deposition.pdf},
	Year = {2007},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://pages.uoregon.edu/tsk/pdfs/kendall_pause-in-deposition.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{menjura_fluidez_2007,
	Author = {Menjura, Martha Patricia},
	Date = {2007},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:29:17 +0000},
	Journal = {Ogigia. Revista electrónica de estudios hispánicos},
	Keywords = {assessment, descriptive, discourse, disfluencies, duration, false starts, fluency, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repetitions, segmental lengthening, Spanish, temporal factors},
	Pages = {7--16},
	Title = {La fluidez discursiva oral. Una propuesta de evaluación},
	Url = {http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2279117},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {2007},
	Abstract = {Las repeticiones, pausas, silencios, alargamientos, enunciados truncados o inconclusos, gestos, vacilaciones y ruidos son fenómenos normales dentro de la comunicación oral y constituyen recursos importantes que usa el hablante para precisar el significado de una expresión, para multiplicar la emotividad de un enunciado, para generar espacios de participación con el interlocutor, o simplemente para respirar. Sin embargo, estos fenómenos no siempre aportan calidad al discurso, y su presencia reiterada o excesiva por parte del hablante, genera ruidos o interferencias en la comunicación. Este texto señala los momentos en los cuales los fenómenos orales pueden incidir positiva o negativamente en la calidad del discurso de acuerdo con el contexto y la intencionalidad del hablante.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2279117}}

@article{cicres_alisis_2007,
	Author = {Cicres, Jordi},
	Date = {2007},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 18:05:45 +0000},
	Doi = {10.4206/sint.tecnol.2007.v3n2-04},
	Journal = {Síntesis Tecnológica},
	Keywords = {Catalan, disfluencies, f0, voice quality, filled pauses, forensic, forensic phonetics, acoustic phonetics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {87--96},
	Title = {Análisis discriminante de un conjunto de parámetros fonético-acústicos de las pausas llenas para identificar hablantes},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {2007},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/sint.tecnol.2007.v3n2-04}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{stepanova_features_2007,
	Author = {Stepanova, Svetlana},
	Booktitle = {ICPhS 2007. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
	Date = {2007},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:29:29 +0000},
	Editor = {Trouvain, Jürgen and Barry, William J},
	Eventdate = {2007-08-06/2007-08-10},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, filled pauses, pauses, phonetics, prosody, Russian, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Saarbrücken, Germany},
	Pages = {1325--1328},
	Title = {Some features of filled hesitation pauses in spontaneous Russian},
	Url = {http://www.icphs2007.de/conference/Papers/1261/1261.pdf},
	Year = {2007},
	Abstract = {This article examines the results of research conducted on different varieties of hesitation phenomena. The research, based on the spontaneous speech recordings of 10 Russian speakers, compares the spectral characteristics of these speakers' vocalizations from hesitation pauses and the vowels /a / and /e/ within words from spontaneous monologues.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.icphs2007.de/conference/Papers/1261/1261.pdf}}

@incollection{simpson_hesitation_2006,
	Address = {Oxford},
	Author = {Simpson, Adrian P},
	Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Language \& Linguistics},
	Date = {2006},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 22:37:01 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00580-0},
	Edition = {2},
	Editor = {Brown, Keith},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, general, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors},
	Pages = {284--288},
	Publisher = {Elsevier},
	Title = {Hesitation phenomena and pauses},
	Year = {2006},
	Abstract = {This article describes some of the phonetic strategies that speakers use when they are confronted with formulation problems, such as finding an appropriate lexical item or expression. First, the reasons for suspension are examined followed by a description of different types of silent pause. The form of hesitation particles (um, er) in filled pauses in English and other languages are described, as is use of lengthening and sound quality. Finally, a short excerpt from a map task dialogue is used to illustrate the different types of hesitation that can occur in a single short stretch of utterance.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00580-0}}

Paper  bibtex   

@incollection{demestre_percepcio_2006,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {Demestre, Josep and Llisterri, Joaquim and Riera, Montserrat and Soler, Olga},
	Booktitle = {Psicologia del llenguatge},
	Date = {2006},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:53:11 +0000},
	Editor = {Soler, Olga},
	Isbn = {84-9788-158-3},
	Keywords = {phonetics, speech perception, textbook},
	Pages = {35-114},
	Publisher = {Editorial UOC},
	Title = {La percepció del llenguatge},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Demestre_Llisterri_Riera_Soler_06_Percepcio_Parla.pdf},
	Year = {2006},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Demestre_Llisterri_Riera_Soler_06_Percepcio_Parla.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{carlson_prosodic_2006,
	Author = {Carlson, Rolf and Gustafson, Kjell and Strangert, Eva},
	Date = {2006},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:23:17 +0000},
	Journal = {Lund Working Papers in Linguistics},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, duration, f0, intonation, pause duration, pauses, phonetics, prosody, segmental lengthening, speech perception, temporal factors, voice quality},
	Pages = {21--24},
	Title = {Prosodic cues for hesitation},
	Url = {http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/LWPL/article/view/2286/1861},
	Volume = {52},
	Year = {2006},
	Abstract = {In our efforts to model spontaneous speech for use in, for example, spoken dialogue systems, a series of experiments have been conducted in order to investigate correlates to perceived hesitation. Previous work has shown that it is the total duration increase that is the valid cue rather than the contribution by either of the two factors pause duration and final lengthening. In the present experiment we explored the effects of FO slope variation and the preserve vs. absence of creaky voice in addition to durational cues, using synthetic stimuli. The results showed that variation of both FO slope and creaky voice did have perceptual effects, but to a much lesser degree than the durational increase.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/LWPL/article/view/2286/1861}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{campione_pauses_2005,
	Author = {Campione, Estelle and Véronis, Jean},
	Booktitle = {DISS 2005. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2005},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:22:31 +0000},
	Editor = {Véronis, Jean and Campione, Estelle},
	Eventdate = {2005-09-10/2005-09-12},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, duration, filled pauses, French, pauses, phonetics, prosody, segmental lengthening, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Aix-en-Provence, France},
	Pages = {43--46},
	Title = {Pauses and hesitations in French spontaneous speech},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/dis5_043.html},
	Year = {2005},
	Abstract = {In traditional terminology, silent and filled pauses are grouped together, whereas hesitation lengthening is put into a separate category. However, while these various phenomena are very often associated, there have been few studies on how they interact. We analyzed an hour of spontaneous speech to show that silent and filled pauses operate in a totally different way, and that contrary to common belief, silent pauses by themselves never serve as hesitation markers, but only do so when coupled with other markers - mostly syllabic lengthening and filled pauses. These last two hesitation markers have similar acoustic and articulatory characteristics; they are also distributed and function alike.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/dis5_043.html}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{boula_de_mareuil_quantitative_2005,
	Author = {Boula de Mareüil, Philippe and Habert, Benoît and Bénard, Frédérique and Adda-Decker, Martine and Barras, Claude and Adda, Gilles and Paroubek, Patrick},
	Booktitle = {DISS 2005. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2005},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:19:24 +0000},
	Editor = {Véronis, Jean and Campione, Estelle},
	Eventdate = {2005-09-10/2005-09-12},
	Keywords = {conversation, descriptive, disfluencies, filled pauses, French, mass media, pauses, phonetics, prosody, radio, repairs, repetitions, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Aix-en-Provence, France},
	Pages = {27--32},
	Title = {A quantitative study of disfluencies in French broadcast interviews},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/dis5_027.html},
	Year = {2005},
	Abstract = {The reported study aims at increasing our understanding of spontaneous speech-related phenomena from sibling corpora of speech and orthographic transcriptions at various levels of elaboration. It makes use of 9 hours of French broadcast interview archives, involving 10 journalists and 10 personalities from political or civil society. First we considered press-oriented transcripts, where most of the so-called disfluencies are discarded. They were then aligned with automatic transcripts, by using the LIMSI speech recogniser. This facilitated the production of exact transcripts, where all audible phenomena in non-overlapping speech segments were transcribed manually. Four types of disfluencies were distinguished: discourse markers, filled pauses, repetitions and revisions, each of which accounts for about 2\% of the corpus (8\% in total). They were analysed by utterance, speaker and disfluency pattern types. Four question were raised. Where do disfluencies occur in the utterance? What is the influence of the speakers' status? And what are the most frequent disfuency patterns?},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/dis5_027.html}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{bouraoui_disfluency_2005,
	Author = {Bouraoui, Jean-Leon and Vigouroux, Nadine},
	Booktitle = {DISS 2005. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2005},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:21:14 +0000},
	Editor = {Véronis, Jean and Campione, Estelle},
	Eventdate = {2005-09-10/2005-09-12},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, duration, English, false starts, filled pauses, French, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repetitions, segmental lengthening, speaking styles, task oriented dialogue, temporal factors},
	Location = {Aix-en-Provence, France},
	Pages = {33--37},
	Title = {Disfluency phenomena in an apprenticeship corpus},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/dis5_033.html},
	Year = {2005},
	Abstract = {This papers presents a study carried out on an apprenticeship corpus. It features dialogues between air traffic controllers in formation and "pseudo-pilots". "Pseudo-pilots" are people (often instructors) that simulate the behavior of real pilots, in real situations. Its main specificities are the apprenticeship characteristic, and the fact that the production is subordinate to a particular phraseology. Our study is related to the many kinds of disfluency phenomena that occur in this specific corpus. We define 6 main categories of these phenomena, and take position in regard to the terminology used in literature. We then present the distribution of these categories. It appears that some of the occurrences frequencies largely differs from those observed in other studies. Our explanation is based on the corpus specificity: in reason of their responsibilities, both controllers and pseudo-pilots have to be especially careful to the mistakes they could do, since they could lead to some dramas. The remainder of our paper is dedicated to the more deepen study of a disfluency class: the "false starts". It consists of the beginning utterance of a word, that is not achieved. We show that this category consists of several sub-categories, of which we study the distribution.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/dis5_033.html}}

Paper  bibtex   

@book{veronis_diss_2005,
	Address = {Aix-en-Provence, France, 10--12 September 2005},
	Date = {2005},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 09:12:28 +0000},
	Editor = {Véronis, Jean and Campione, Estelle},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, phonetics, proceedings, speaking styles, spontaneous speech},
	Title = {DiSS 2005. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Url = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/index.html},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_05/index.html}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{tapia_produccion_2005,
	Author = {Tapia, Mónica},
	Date = {2005},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:30:12 +0000},
	Journal = {Anales de Psiquiatría},
	Keywords = {age, América, Chile, descriptive, disfluencies, geographical variation, interspeaker variation, pauses, phonetics, prosody, psycholinguistics, Spanish, speech production, temporal factors},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {215--222},
	Title = {Producción de habla y fenómenos de vacilación en la conversación de adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores},
	Url = {https://www.academia.edu/12816737/Producci?n_de_habla_y_fen?menos_de_vacilaci?n_en_la_conversaci?n_de_adultos_j?venes_y_adultos_mayores},
	Volume = {21},
	Year = {2005},
	Abstract = {En psicolingüística se ha planteado la necesidad de desvelar los aspectos cognitivos que se reflejan en la producción del habla. Los estudios sobre producción lingüística consideran el análisis de fenómenos verbales (sílabas, palabras, enunciados, entre otros) y no verbales (repeticiones de palabras, reformulaciones y pausas silentes y llenas). El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo comparar las unidades verbales y no verbales en la producción de habla de 25 adultos mayores y de 25 adultos jóvenes. Para ello, se obtuvieron muestras de habla de entrevistas grabadas a modo de conversación sobre la descripción de un barrio de la ciudad de Concepción (Chile) y de la lámina ¿El robo de las galletas¿ del test de Boston. El análisis de los resultados indica que los adultos mayores producen más unidades lingüísticas, más palabras inconclusas y menos reformulaciones que los adultos jóvenes. Si bien los adultos mayores producen más palabras, aportan menos información nueva, pues presentan más circunloquios. Además las reformulaciones, o cambio de tópico que no interrumpen los enunciados, parecen demandar más carga cognitiva que otros recursos de vacilación, dado que son actividades que requieren de un mayor control sobre la producción del habla. Al parecer, con la edad se pierde la capacidad de realizar precisiones o cambios de tópico no previstos durante la locución.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.academia.edu/12816737/Producci?n_de_habla_y_fen?menos_de_vacilaci?n_en_la_conversaci?n_de_adultos_j?venes_y_adultos_mayores}}

@unpublished{de_la_mota_alignment_2005,
	Abstracturl = {http://webs2002.uab.es/filologiacatalana/papi/files/delaMota.pdf},
	Author = {de la Mota, Carme},
	Date = {2005},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:42:37 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2005-06-20/2006-06-21},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, descriptive, intonation, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Location = {Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain},
	Note = {Paper presented at PaPI 2005. Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia},
	Sortkey = {Mota, Carme de la},
	Title = {Alignment, word boundaries and speech rate in Castilian Spanish},
	Year = {2005},
	Bdsk-File-1 = {YnBsaXN0MDDUAQIDBAUGJCVYJHZlcnNpb25YJG9iamVjdHNZJGFyY2hpdmVyVCR0b3ASAAGGoKgHCBMUFRYaIVUkbnVsbNMJCgsMDxJXTlMua2V5c1pOUy5vYmplY3RzViRjbGFzc6INDoACgAOiEBGABIAFgAdccmVsYXRpdmVQYXRoWWFsaWFzRGF0YV8QUC4uLy4uLy4uL0JpYmxpb2dyYWZpYS9QYXBlcnMvTW90YS9BbGlnbm1lbnQsIHdvcmQgYm91bmRhcmllcyBhbmQgc3BlZWNoIHJhdGUucGRm0hcLGBlXTlMuZGF0YU8RAigAAAAAAigAAgAADE1hY2ludG9zaCBIRAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMv2H85IKwAAEIZyMR9BbGlnbm1lbnQsIHdvcmQgYm8jMTA4NjcyMzMucGRmAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQhnIz1AnTKgAAAAAAAAAAAAMABAAACSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAETW90YQAQAAgAAMv2A64AAAARAAgAANQJtwoAAAABABQQhnIxEIZljgAF/EcABfuYAADARgACAGJNYWNpbnRvc2ggSEQ6VXNlcnM6AGpvYXF1aW1fbGxpc3RlcnJpOgBCaWJsaW9ncmFmaWE6AFBhcGVyczoATW90YToAQWxpZ25tZW50LCB3b3JkIGJvIzEwODY3MjMzLnBkZgAOAF4ALgBBAGwAaQBnAG4AbQBlAG4AdAAsACAAdwBvAHIAZAAgAGIAbwB1AG4AZABhAHIAaQBlAHMAIABhAG4AZAAgAHMAcABlAGUAYwBoACAAcgBhAHQAZQAuAHAAZABmAA8AGgAMAE0AYQBjAGkAbgB0AG8AcwBoACAASABEABIAX1VzZXJzL2pvYXF1aW1fbGxpc3RlcnJpL0JpYmxpb2dyYWZpYS9QYXBlcnMvTW90YS9BbGlnbm1lbnQsIHdvcmQgYm91bmRhcmllcyBhbmQgc3BlZWNoIHJhdGUucGRmAAATAAEvAAAVAAIAGP//AACABtIbHB0eWiRjbGFzc25hbWVYJGNsYXNzZXNdTlNNdXRhYmxlRGF0YaMdHyBWTlNEYXRhWE5TT2JqZWN00hscIiNcTlNEaWN0aW9uYXJ5oiIgXxAPTlNLZXllZEFyY2hpdmVy0SYnVHJvb3SAAQAIABEAGgAjAC0AMgA3AEAARgBNAFUAYABnAGoAbABuAHEAcwB1AHcAhACOAOEA5gDuAxoDHAMhAywDNQNDA0cDTgNXA1wDaQNsA34DgQOGAAAAAAAAAgEAAAAAAAAAKAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA4g=},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://webs2002.uab.es/filologiacatalana/papi/files/delaMota.pdf}}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{banziger_role_2005,
	series = {Quantitative {Prosody} {Modelling} for {Natural} {Speech} {Description} and {GenerationInternational} {Conference} on {Speech} {Prosody}},
	title = {The role of intonation in emotional expressions},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {0167-6393},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167639305000890},
	doi = {10.1016/j.specom.2005.02.016},
	abstract = {The influence of emotions on intonation patterns (more specifically F0/pitch contours) is addressed in this article. A number of authors have claimed that specific intonation patterns reflect specific emotions, whereas others have found little evidence supporting this claim and argued that F0/pitch and other vocal aspects are continuously, rather than categorically, affected by emotions and/or emotional arousal. In this contribution, a new coding system for the assessment of F0 contours in emotion portrayals is presented. Results obtained for actor portrayed emotional expressions show that mean level and range of F0 in the contours vary strongly as a function of the degree of activation of the portrayed emotions. In contrast, there was comparatively little evidence for qualitatively different contour shapes for different emotions.},
	number = {3–4},
	urldate = {2017-02-14TZ},
	journal = {Speech Communication},
	author = {Bänziger, Tanja and Scherer, Klaus R.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Emotion, Expression, Expressive-speech, Intonation, Pitch-contour, \_tablet},
	pages = {252--267}
}

Paper  bibtex   

@unpublished{Tschape:2005aa,
	Author = {Tschäpe, Nadja and Trouvain, Jürgen and Bauer, Dominik and Jessen, Michael},
	Date = {2005-08},
	Date-Added = {2018-05-12 11:53:26 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-18 14:24:21 +0000},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, filled pauses, forensic, forensic phonetics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors, German},
	Location = {Marrakesh, Morocco},
	Note = {Paper presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics},
	Title = {Idiosyncratic patterns of filled pauses},
	Url = {https://www.slideserve.com/reia/idiosyncratic-patterns-of-filled-pauses-1179796},
	Year = {2005},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.slideserve.com/reia/idiosyncratic-patterns-of-filled-pauses-1179796}}

@article{bryant_is_2005,
	title = {Is there an ironic tone of voice?},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0023-8309},
	abstract = {Research on nonverbal vocal cues and verbal irony has often relied on the concept of an ironic tone of voice. Here we provide acoustic analysis and experimental evidence that this notion is oversimplified and misguided. Acoustic analyses of spontaneous ironic speech extracted from talk radio shows, both ambiguous and unambiguous in written form, revealed only a difference in amplitude variability compared to matched nonironic speech from the same sources, and that was only among the most clear-cut items. In a series of experiments, participants rated content-filtered versions of the same ironic and nonironic utterances on a range of affective and linguistic dimensions. Listeners did not rely on any set of vocal cues to identify verbal irony that was separate from other emotional and linguistic judgments. We conclude that there is no particular ironic tone of voice and that listeners interpret verbal irony by combining a variety of cues, including information outside of the linguistic context.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Language and speech},
	author = {Bryant, Gregory A and Fox Tree, Jean E},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {irony},
	pages = {257--277}
}

@incollection{fant_individual_2004,
	Address = {Dordrecht},
	Author = {Fant, Gunnar and Kruckenberg, Anita and Barbosa Ferreira, Joana},
	Booktitle = {Speech acoustics and phonetics},
	Date = {2004},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:47:48 +0000},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, intraspeaker variation, pauses, phonetics, prosody, read speech, speaking styles, Swedish, temporal factors},
	Origdate = {2003},
	Pages = {244--248},
	Publisher = {Kluwer},
	Title = {Individual variation in pausing, a study of read speech},
	Year = {2004}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{battaner_vile:_2003-2,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {Battaner, Elena and Gil, Juana and Marrero, Victoria and Llisterri, Joaquim and Carbó, Carme and Machuca, María Jesús and de la Mota, Carme and Ríos, Antonio},
	Booktitle = {SEAF 2003. Actas del II Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Acústica Forense},
	Date = {2003},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-12 20:41:53 +0000},
	File = {Attachment:files/947/Battaner et al. - 2003 - VILE Acoustic study of inter and intra speaker variation in Spanish.pdf:application/pdf},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, forensic, forensic phonetics, phonetics, Spanish},
	Language = {en},
	Pages = {59-70},
	Publisher = {Sociedad Española de Acústica Forense},
	Title = {VILE: Acoustic study of inter and intra speaker variation in Spanish},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/phonetics/VILE/VILE_SEAF03_Engl.pdf},
	Year = {2003},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/phonetics/VILE/VILE_SEAF03_Engl.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{tapia_produccion_2003,
	Author = {Tapia, Mónica and Quiroga, Pilar and Valdivieso, Humberto},
	Date = {2003},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-30 18:50:16 +0000},
	Journal = {Anales de Psiquiatría},
	Keywords = {Alzheimer, América, Chile, clinical, clinical phonetics, disfluencies, geographical variation, pauses, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech production, temporal factors, phonetics},
	Number = {8},
	Pages = {323--328},
	Title = {Producción de unidades lingüísticas y no lingüísticas en el habla de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer},
	Url = {https://www.academia.edu/12817044/Producci?n_de_unidades_ling??sticas_y_no_ling??sticas_en_el_habla_de_pacientes_con_enfermedad_de_Alzheimer},
	Volume = {19},
	Year = {2003},
	Abstract = {Estudios en sujetos con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) revelan diferencias en su producción del habla comparada con la de personas mayores normales. El hallazgo más frecuente ha sido un menor número de unidades lingüísticas y una mayor duración de las pausas en el habla. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de las unidades lingüísticas y no lingüísticas durante entrevistas grabadas a 16 pacientes con EA y 21 senescentes normales. Los diagnósticos fueron efectuados por psiquiatras, (Proyecto "Demencias asociadas a edad" Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile) mediante procedimiento multifásico: tamizaje validado para deterioro cognitivo, criterios clínicos estandarizados para demencia y escalas de estadio, igualmente validadas. Los pacientes, mostraron una producción de secuencias de habla más pequeñas y más turnos en la conversación. Esto concuerda con hallazgos anteriores que identifican la variable duración de las pausas como la más discriminante entre los grupos, lo que sugiere que la búsqueda de palabras y la planificación del discurso estarían alteradas en ellos, debido a los procesos degenerativos propios de la EA.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.academia.edu/12817044/Producci?n_de_unidades_ling??sticas_y_no_ling??sticas_en_el_habla_de_pacientes_con_enfermedad_de_Alzheimer}}

@article{tapia_alisis_2003,
	Author = {Tapia, Mónica},
	Date = {2003},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-30 18:50:16 +0000},
	Journal = {Revista de Lingüística Teórica y Aplicada},
	Keywords = {age, Alzheimer, América, Chile, clinical, clinical phonetics, disfluencies, geographical variation, interspeaker variation, pauses, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, temporal factors, phonetics},
	Pages = {103--118},
	Title = {Análisis de los enunciados producidos despues de una pausa en la conversación de enfermos de Alzheimer y de senescentes normales},
	Volume = {41},
	Year = {2003},
	Abstract = {Studies about speech characteristics of Alzheimer patients reveal their difficulties to search for words and their problems to produce utterances according to the communicative situation. This article examines the utterances produced by mild and moderate Alzheimer patients and normal elderly subjects after pausing during a conversation. The sample was constituted by 21 normal elderly subjects and 16 Alzheimer patients. Both groups were assessed within The Age Associated Dementia Project at the School of Medicine in the University of Concepción through a multiphasic procedure in which the MMSEm and PFAQm criteria for cognitive impairment and the DSM-III and CIE-10 criteria for dementia were used. The speech samples were gathered through recorded conversations with the subjects. The speech material was transcribed into simple notation. The utterance content after a pause that expressed a difficulty in discourse planning was besides analysed. The findings reveal that Alzheimer patients show difficulties to complete coherently utterances interrupted by a pause.}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{adda-decker_disfluency_2003,
	Author = {Adda-Decker, Martine and Habert, Benoît and Barras, Claude and Adda, Gilles and Boula de Mareüil, Philippe and Paroubek, Patrick},
	Booktitle = {DiSS 2003. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2003},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-13 21:46:06 +0000},
	Editor = {Eklund, Robert},
	Eventdate = {2003-09-05/2003-09-08},
	Keywords = {conversation, disfluencies, French, mass media, phonetics, radio, restarts, speaking styles, speech recognition, speech technology, spontaneous speech, transcription},
	Location = {Göteborg, Sweden},
	Pages = {67--70},
	Title = {A disfluency study for cleaning spontaneous speech automatic transcripts and improving speech language models},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_03/dis3_067.html},
	Year = {2003},
	Abstract = {The aim of this study is to elaborate a disfluent speech model by comparing different types of audio transcripts. The study makes use of 10 hours of French radio interview archives, involving journalists and personalities from political or civil society. A first type of transcripts is press-oriented where most disfluencies are discarded. For 10\% of the corpus, we produced exact audio transcripts: all audible phenomena and overlapping speech segments are transcribed manually. In these iranscripts about 14\% of the words correspond to disfluencies and discourse markers. The audio corpus has then been iranscribed using the LIMSI speech recognizer. With 8\% of the corpus the disfluency words explain 12\% of the overall error rate. This shows that disfluencies have no major effect on neighboring speech segments. Restarts are the most error prone, with a 36.9\% within class error rate.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_03/dis3_067.html}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{marin_placing_2002,
	Author = {Marín, Rafael and Aguilar, Lourdes and Casacuberta, David},
	Date = {2002},
	Date-Modified = {2018-06-02 19:46:29 +0000},
	Journal = {Language Design. Journal of Theoretical and Experimental Linguistics},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, pause location, pauses, phonetics, prosody, silent pauses, Spanish, speech synthesis, speech technology, temporal factors, text-to-speech, lexical stress, stress group},
	Pages = {49--66},
	Title = {Placing pauses in read spoken Spanish: a model and an algorithm},
	Url = {http://elies.rediris.es/Language_Design/LD4/marin-aguilar-casacuberta.pdf},
	Volume = {4},
	Year = {2002},
	Abstract = {The purpose of this work is to describe the appearance and location of typographically unmarked pauses in any Spanish text to be read. An experiment is designed to derive pause location from natural speech: results show that Intonation Group length constraints guide the appearance of pauses, which are placed depending on syntactic information. Then, a rule-based algorithm is developed to automatically place pauses whose performance is tested by means of qualitative tests. The evaluation shows that the system adequately places pauses in read texts, since it predicts 81\% of orthographically unmarked pauses; when pauses associated to punctuation signs are included, the percentage of correct prediction increases to 92\%},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://elies.rediris.es/Language_Design/LD4/marin-aguilar-casacuberta.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sanchez_avendano_percepcion_2002,
	Author = {Sánchez Avendaño, Carlos},
	Date = {2002},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:22:13 +0000},
	Journal = {Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica},
	Keywords = {assessment, disfluencies, ELE, fluency, L2, phonetics, speech perception},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {137--163},
	Title = {La percepción de la fluidez en español como segunda lengua},
	Url = {http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/filyling/article/view/4507},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {2002},
	Abstract = {Este artículo estudia el concepto de fluidez percibida en español como segunda lengua y trata de dilucidar cuáles factores lingüísticos del hablante y sociales del oyente conllevan mayor importancia en la determinación del grado de fluidez de un hablante no nativo.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/filyling/article/view/4507}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{rodriguez_fuentes_anotacion_2002,
	Address = {Granada},
	Author = {Rodríguez Fuentes, Luis Javier and Torres, María Inés and Varona, Amparo},
	Booktitle = {II Jornadas en Tecnología del Habla},
	Date = {2002},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-20 10:32:51 +0000},
	Editor = {Rubio Ayuso, Antonio J},
	Keywords = {labelling and annotation, language resources, disfluencies, phonetics, Spanish, speaking styles, speech corpus, spontaneous speech},
	Publisher = {Universidad de Granada - Red Temática en Tecnologías del Habla},
	Title = {Anotación de disfluencias en un corpus de habla espontánea no específico},
	Url = {http://lorien.die.upm.es/~lapiz/rtth/JORNADAS/II/articulos/17.pdf},
	Year = {2002},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://lorien.die.upm.es/~lapiz/rtth/JORNADAS/II/articulos/17.pdf}}

@Article{Sigman2001,
  author   = {M Sigman and GA Cecchi and CD Gilbert and MO Magnasco},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {On a common circle: {N}atural scenes and {G}estalt rules.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {1935-40},
  volume   = {98},
  abstract = {To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential
	to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural
	images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish
	them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric
	regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present
	in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the
	presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene
	carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative
	positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations
	in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole
	visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule,
	cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes,
	and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences
	in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric
	features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We
	discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early
	vision.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.031571498},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, 11172054},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{gosy_double_2001,
	Author = {Gósy, Mária},
	Booktitle = {DiSS 2001. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2001},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 07:58:42 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2001-08-29/2001-08-31},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, Hungarian, pauses, phonetics, prosody, psycholinguistics, speaking styles, speech perception, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK},
	Pages = {57--60},
	Title = {The double function of disfluency phenomena in spontaneous speech},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_01/dis1_057.html},
	Year = {2001},
	Abstract = {Disfluency in spontaneous speech is the outcome of a speaker's indecision about what to say next. The listener, however, is continuously adapted to both the language signals and the types of disfluency of the heard text. What is in the background of this adaptation process? This paper analyses the types and characteristics of the disfluency phenomena of a 78-minute spontaneous speech sample (produced by 10 adults). The author's intention is to explain the characteristics of disharmony between speech planning and articulation within the speech production process. In order to explain the hypothesized double function of disfluency in terms of perceptual necessity from the listener's side various experiments have been carried out. Three different samples of spontaneous speech have been selected for experimental purposes. Three groups of listeners (altogether 60 university students) participated in the experiments. One of the groups had to detect the instances of disfluency in the texts marking them on a paper sheet. The subjects of the other group listened to the same texts and then wrote down their contents. The pauses and hesitations were then eliminated from the texts. The third group of the subjects had the same comprehension task as the previous one had. Results show that (i) instances of disfluency are consequences of the speaker's speech planning processes, (ii) their reasons and occurrences are unconsciously known by the listener as well, (iii) disfluency phenomena are relatively well predicted, (iv) the listeners need pauses and hesitations in order to comprehend the heard texts successfully.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_01/dis1_057.html}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{wainschenker_estudio_2001,
	Address = {Santiago de Cuba},
	Author = {Wainschenker, Rubén and Doorn, Jorge and Castro, Marcela},
	Booktitle = {Actas del VII Simposio Internacional de Comunicación Social},
	Date = {2001},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:39:05 +0000},
	Keywords = {descriptive, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Publisher = {Centro de Lingüística Aplicada - Editorial Academia},
	Title = {Estudio de la velocidad de habla},
	Url = {http://www.cla.cu/simposio/descargar.php?d=988},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {2001},
	Abstract = {La magnitud velocidad del habla no tiene una definición precisa, pese a que es abundantemente utilizada tanto en la actividades diarias como en ocupaciones tales como la locución, la dactilografía y la taquigrafía entre otras. En el contexto del estudio del comportamiento y caracterización de los alófonos típicos de un idioma, como componentes fundamentales en la síntesis robusta del habla, dicho concepto es trascendental, no hallándose bibliografía precisa. En este artículo se presenta una caracterización cuantitativa de las nociones intuitivas de la velocidad normal, lenta y rápida del habla. Este trabajo tiene una raíz fuertemente experimental ya que sus conclusiones son obtenidas de mediciones realizadas sobre 120 textos emitidos por diferentes locutores a distinta velocidad en un contexto completamente libre de condicionamientos y preconceptos.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.cla.cu/simposio/descargar.php?d=988}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{hutchinson_um_2001,
	Author = {Hutchinson, Ben and Pereira, Cécile},
	Booktitle = {DiSS 2001. Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech},
	Date = {2001},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:03:37 +0000},
	Eventdate = {2001-08-29/2001-08-31},
	Keywords = {conversation, disfluencies, filled pauses, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repairs, speaking styles, speech recognition, speech technology, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {Edinburgh, Scotland, UK},
	Pages = {77--80},
	Title = {Um, one large pizza. A preliminary study of disfluency modelling for improving ASR},
	Url = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_01/dis1_077.html},
	Year = {2001},
	Abstract = {A corpus of spontaneous telephone transactions between call centre operators of a pizza company and its customers is examined for disfluencies (fillers and speech repairs) with the aim of improving automatic speech recognition. From this, a subset of the customer orders is selected as a test set. An architecture is presented which allows filled pauses and repairs to be detected and corrected. A language repair module removes fillers and reparanda and transforms utterances containing them into fluent utterances. An experiment on filled pauses using this module and architecture is then described. A speech recognition grammar for recognising fluent speech is used to provide a baseline. This grammar is then enriched with filled pauses, based on their placement in relation to syntactic boundaries. Evaluation is done at the level of understanding, using a metric on feature structures. Initial results indicate that incorporating filled pauses at syntactic boundaries improves the recognition results for spontaneous continuous speech containing disfluencies.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.isca-speech.org/archive_open/diss_01/dis1_077.html}}

@phdthesis{schwab_perception_1999,
	Address = {Neuchâtel},
	Author = {Schwab, Sandra},
	Date = {1999},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:23:18 +0000},
	Keywords = {L2, phonetics, prosody, speech perception, speech rate, temporal factors},
	School = {Université de Neuchâtel},
	Title = {La perception du débit en langue seconde},
	Type = {Thèse de maîtrise},
	Year = {1999}}

@Article{Ramus1999,
  author   = {F. Ramus and M. Nespor and J. Mehler},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {Correlates of linguistic rhythm in the speech signal.},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {265-92},
  volume   = {73},
  abstract = {Spoken languages have been classified by linguists according to their
	rhythmic properties, and psycholinguists have relied on this classification
	to account for infants' capacity to discriminate languages. Although
	researchers have measured many speech signal properties, they have
	failed to identify reliable acoustic characteristics for language
	classes. This paper presents instrumental measurements based on a
	consonant/vowel segmentation for eight languages. The measurements
	suggest that intuitive rhythm types reflect specific phonological
	properties, which in turn are signaled by the acoustic/phonetic properties
	of speech. The data support the notion of rhythm classes and also
	allow the simulation of infant language discrimination, consistent
	with the hypothesis that newborns rely on a coarse segmentation of
	speech. A hypothesis is proposed regarding the role of rhythm perception
	in language acquisition.},
  keywords = {Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Language, Language Development, Male, Newborn, Phonetics, Psycholinguistics, Sound Spectrography, Speech Acoustics, 10585517},
}

@inproceedings{fernandez_planas_aproximacion_1999,
	Address = {Salamanca},
	Author = {Fernández Planas, Ana María},
	Booktitle = {Lingüística para el sigo XXI. III Congreso de Lingüística General},
	Date = {1999},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 07:53:07 +0000},
	Editor = {Fernández González, J and Fernández Juncal, C and Marcos Sánchez, M and de los Mozos, Emilio and Santos Río, Luis},
	Keywords = {consonant clusters, consonants, descriptive, phonetics, prosody, segmental, Spanish, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Pages = {641-652},
	Publisher = {Ediciones de la Universidad de Salamanca},
	Title = {Aproximación al estudio de la influencia de la velocidad de habla en grupos consonánticos intervocálicos -ST-},
	Year = {1999}}

@Article{Marcus-Science,
  author   = {Marcus, Gary F and Vijayan, S and Rao, S Bandi and Vishton, PM},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Rule learning by seven-month-old infants.},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {5398},
  pages    = {77-80},
  volume   = {283},
  abstract = {A fundamental task of language acquisition is to extract abstract
	algebraic rules. Three experiments show that 7-month-old infants
	attend longer to sentences with unfamiliar structures than to sentences
	with familiar structures. The design of the artificial language task
	used in these experiments ensured that this discrimination could
	not be performed by counting, by a system that is sensitive only
	to transitional probabilities, or by a popular class of simple neural
	network models. Instead, these results suggest that infants can represent,
	extract, and generalize abstract algebraic rules.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, 10523181},
}

Paper  bibtex   

@incollection{carbonell_catalan_1999,
	Address = {Cambridge},
	Author = {Carbonell, Joan F and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet},
	Date = {1999},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:53:11 +0000},
	Isbn = {0-521-63751-1},
	Keywords = {Catalan, descriptive phonetics, IPA, phonetics, transcription},
	Pages = {61-65},
	Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	Title = {Catalan},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Carbonell_Llisterri_99_Catalan_IPA.pdf},
	Year = {1999},
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Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{shriberg_phonetic_1999,
	Author = {Shriberg, Elizabeth Ellen},
	Booktitle = {ICPhS 1999. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
	Date = {1999},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:28:37 +0000},
	Editor = {Ohala, John J and Hasegawa, Yoko and Ohala, Majari and Granville, Daniel and Bailey, Ashlee C},
	Eventdate = {1999-08-01/1999-08-07},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, descriptive, disfluencies, English, general, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Location = {San Francisco, CA, USA},
	Pages = {619--622},
	Title = {Phonetic consequences of speech disfluency},
	Url = {https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS1999/p14_0619.html},
	Year = {1999},
	Abstract = {Unlike read or laboratory speech, spontaneous speech contains high rates of disfluencies (e.g., repetitions, repairs, filled pauses). Such events reflect production problems frequently encountered in everyday conversation. Analyses of American English show that disfluency affects a variety of phonetic aspects of speech, including segment durations, intonation, voice quality, vowel quality, and coarticulation patterns. These effects provide clues about production processes, and can guide methods for disfluency processing in speech recognition applications},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS1999/p14_0619.html}}

@inproceedings{martinez_towards_1998,
	Author = {Martínez, Fernando and Tapias, Daniel and Álvarez Cercadillo, Jorge},
	Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing},
	Date = {1998},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:27:27 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.1998.675367},
	Eventdate = {1998-05-12/1998-05-15},
	Keywords = {phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech rate, speech recognition, speech technology, temporal factors},
	Location = {Seattle, WA, USA},
	Pages = {725--728},
	Title = {Towards speech rate independence in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1998},
	Abstract = {We present a new speech rate classifier (SRC) which is directly based on the dynamic coefficients of the feature vectors and it is suitable to be used in real time. We also report the study that has been carried out to determine what parameters of speech are the best regarding the speech rate classification problem. In this study we analyse the correlation between several speech parameters and the average speech rate of the utterance. Finally, we report a compensation technique, which is used together with the SRC. This technique provides with a word error rate (WER) reduction of a 64.1\% for slow speech rate and a 32\% reduction of the average WER},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.1998.675367}}

@article{duez_signification_1997,
	Author = {Duez, Danielle},
	Date = {1997},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:39:44 +0000},
	Journal = {Revue PArole},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, French, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speech perception, speech production, temporal factors},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {273--298},
	Title = {La signification des pauses dans la production et perception de la parole},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1997},
	Abstract = {La parole est une succession de séquences sonores et de silences. Les silences, couramment appelés pauses, correspondent à une cessation apparente de l'activité verbale qui se traduit au niveau acoustique par une interruption du signal sonore. Cependant, ce n'est pas parce qu'il ne se passe rien en surface, qu'il ne se passe rien en réalité. La pause recouvre, bien au contraire, une intense activité respiratoire et cognitive. Le locuteur marque des pauses pour respirer, pour chercher ses mots, pour planifier le contenu de son message, pour structurer son énoncé, pour mettre en évidence ses idées, pour partager son temps avec l'allocutaire. L'importance des pauses dans la parole a cependant longtemps été sous-estimée par les sciences cognitives et ce n'est que depuis une trentaine d'années que l'on s'intéresse de manière rigoureuse aux pauses. Cet article s'est donc donné pour objectif de faire un bilan des travaux portant sur le rôle des pauses dans la production et la perception des pauses. Il souligne aussi la complexité de ce phénomène qui interagit à différents niveaux avec les variables linguistiques de l'énoncé.}}

Paper  bibtex   

@techreport{llisterri_prosody_1996,
	Author = {Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Date = {1996},
	Date-Modified = {2017-12-01 10:24:22 +0000},
	Institution = {LRE-62050 MULTEXT, Multilingual Text Tools and Corpora},
	Keywords = {intonation, INTSINT, phonetics, prosody, suprasegmental transcription, transcription},
	Title = {Prosody tools efficiency and failures. WP 4 Corpus. T4.6 Speech markup and validation},
	Type = {Deliverable 4.5.2. Final Report},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Prosody_tools_96.pdf},
	Year = {1996},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Prosody_tools_96.pdf}}

@article{whiteside_temporal-based_1996,
	Author = {Whiteside, Sandra P},
	Date = {1996},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:39:52 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1017/S0025100300005302},
	Journal = {Journal of the International Phonetic Association},
	Keywords = {descriptive, duration, English, gender, interspeaker variation, phonetics, prosody, read speech, speaking styles, temporal factors},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {23--40},
	Title = {Temporal-based acoustic-phonetic patterns in read speech: some evidence for speaker sex differences},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {1996},
	Abstract = {The perception of speaker sex depends on the listener's integration of a complex range of factors. These may relate, for example, to the style of delivery, the use of particular language, pronunciation (Trudgill, 1983; Smith, 1979), the use of particular intonation patterns (McConnell-Ginet, 1983) and the perceived pitch of the speaker (Aronovitch, 1976, Elyan, 1978; Lass et al., 1976). Some acoustic-phonetic investigations have explored through instrumental analysis how speaker sex differences are perceived. These have shown that acoustic phonetic differences exist between the read speech of men and women speakers. It has been demonstrated that fundamental frequency differences exist between men and women, with men having on average, lower fundamental frequencies (Aronovitch, 1976; Coleman, 1973a). This can be explained in part by their larger larynges. However it is also acknowledged that it is not a low overall average fundamental frequency alone that contributes to the perception of an adult male voice. Some evidence shows for example that use of a wider pitch range will contribute to the perception of femininity, even where the overall pitch is low (Terrango, 1966). In addition women have been found to have on average higher formant frequencies (Coleman, 1976; Henton, 1986; Peterson \& Barney, 1952; Childers \& Wu, 1991; Wu \& Childers, 1991) as a result of the smaller vocal tract. Women have different glottal source characteristics (Karlsson, 1989) which are reflected in the filter characteristics of the speech signal (Klatt \& Klatt, 1990). There is also some evidence to suggest that other speaker sex differences exist in the temporal domain. Byrd (1992) found differences between men and women speakers in speaking rate in read speech in American English in the TIMIT database. Byrd states that under the recording conditions used for the TIMIT database, women spoke appreciably more slowly than the men and that men tended to reduce vowels to schwa ([xs0259]) more often than the women. Byrd also found that female speakers in the TIMIT database released stops in sentence-final position more frequently and produced more glottal stops than male speakers. All these findings were statistically significant.},
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Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{artigas_contribucio_1995,
	Address = {Bellaterra},
	Author = {Artigas, Rosa and Fernández, Josep Maria and Garrido, Juan María and Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Booktitle = {Jornades sobre Llengua i Ensenyament},
	Date = {1995},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:43:50 +0000},
	Keywords = {Catalan, intonation, phonetics, prosody},
	Pages = {14-40},
	Publisher = {Servei de Publicacions de la Univesitat Autònoma de Barcelona},
	Title = {Contribució a l'estudi de les modalitats oracionals del català I i II},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Artigas_Fernandez_Garrido_Llisterri_95_Modalitat_oracional_catala.pdf},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1995},
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Paper  bibtex   

@techreport{llisterri_prosody_1994,
	Author = {Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Date = {1994},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-21 08:52:03 +0000},
	Institution = {LRE-62050 MULTEXT, Multilingual Text Tools and Corpora},
	Keywords = {language resources, phonetics, prosody, speech corpora, suprasegmental transcription, transcription},
	Title = {Prosody encoding survey. WP 1 Specifications and Standards. T1.5. Markup Specifications},
	Type = {Deliverable 1.5.3. Final version},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Prosody_encoding_94.pdf},
	Year = {1994},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Prosody_encoding_94.pdf}}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{bruyninckx_language-induced_1994,
	Author = {Bruyninckx, Marielle and Harmegnies, Bernard and Llisterri, Joaquim and Poch, Dolors},
	Date = {1994},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:43:50 +0000},
	Issn = {0095-4470},
	Journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, bilingualism, Catalan, LTAS, phonation, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech production, voice quality},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {19-31},
	Title = {Language-induced voice quality variability in bilinguals},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Bruyninckx_Harmegnies_Llisterri_Poch_94_VoiceQuality_Bilinguals.pdf},
	Volume = {22},
	Year = {1994},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Bruyninckx_Harmegnies_Llisterri_Poch_94_VoiceQuality_Bilinguals.pdf}}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@inproceedings{garrido_prosodic_1993,
	Address = {Berlin, Germany. 21-23 September, 1993},
	Author = {Garrido, Juan María and Llisterri, Joaquim and de la Mota, Carme and Ríos, Antonio},
	Booktitle = {Eurospeech 1993. Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology},
	Date = {1993},
	Date-Modified = {2018-06-02 19:46:29 +0000},
	Keywords = {intonation, lexical stress, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speaking styles, acoustic phonetics},
	Pages = {573-576},
	Title = {Prosodic differences in reading style: Isolated vs. contextualized sentences},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Garrido_Llisterri_Mota_Rios_93_Prosody_Reading_Style.pdf},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1993},
	Abstract = {Global properties of the F0 contour and local phenomena related to lexical stress have been analyzed in a set of read isolated sentences. The results have been compared with those obtained for the same set of sentences embedded in paragraphs. The results show that the main differences are concentrated on global F0 contours.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Garrido_Llisterri_Mota_Rios_93_Prosody_Reading_Style.pdf}}

@book{widex_audifonos_sa_audiometrivocal._1993,
	Address = {Barcelona},
	Author = {{Widex Audífonos SA}},
	Date = {1993},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-30 18:50:17 +0000},
	Keywords = {assessment, audiology, audiometry, clinical, clinical phonetics, hearing impairment, materials, Spanish, speech perception, phonetics},
	Note = {Listas elaboradas por el Departamento de Filología Española de la UAB - J. M. Garrido y J. Llisterri. Medida del poder separador temporal Test Leman-Renard. Elaborado por el Dr. Leman y X. Renard. Locutor: J. Royo},
	Publisher = {Widex Audífonos SA},
	Title = {Audiometría vocal. Prueba de intelibigilidad. Discriminación acústica. Confusión consonántica.},
	Titleaddon = {{CD Digital Audio}},
	Year = {1993}}

@article{riggenbach_toward_1991,
	Author = {Riggenbach, Heidi},
	Date = {1991},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:46:52 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1080/01638539109544795},
	Journal = {Discourse Processes},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, EFL, filled pauses, fluency, L2, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repairs, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {423--441},
	Title = {Toward an understanding of fluency: A microanalysis of nonnative speaker conversations},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1991},
	Abstract = {There have been few attempts to specify precisely what fluency is, although it is a term that is used and understood by both laypeople and linguists. With one objective being to achieve a greater understanding of what comprises fluency, this study explores the speech of six nonnative speakers of English who had been rated by English instructors as either ``fluent'' or ``nonfluent.'' Excerpts of audiotaped dialogues were analyzed, both at the utterance level and at the discourse level, in terms of the frequency and possible function of features that have often been ascribed to fluency (hesitation phenomena, repair, and rate of speech). More functionally oriented pragmatic features that relate to topic control and initiation were also examined. Comparison of subgroups on the basis of perceived fluency or lack of fluency provided few statistically significant results, although the findings of qualitative analyses suggest that fluency is a complex, high‐order linguistic phenomenon and that intuitive judgments about fluency level---such as those made by the raters for this study---may take into account a wide range of linguistic phenomena. Thus, this study offers an innovative approach to understanding fluency, with possibly implications for the teaching and testing of languages, as well as for research on second language acquisition processes.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01638539109544795}}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{bruyninckx_effects_1991,
	Address = {Aix-en-Provence},
	Author = {Bruyninckx, Marielle and Harmegnies, Bernard and Llisterri, Joaquim and Poch, Dolors},
	Booktitle = {ICPhS 1991. Actes du 12\textsuperscript{e} Congrès International de Sciences Phonétiques},
	Date = {1991},
	Date-Modified = {2017-12-06 21:09:13 +0000},
	Isbn = {2-85399-260-8},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, bilingualism, Catalan, LTAS, phonation, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech production, voice quality},
	Pages = {398-401},
	Publisher = {Université de Provence, Service des Publications},
	Rating = {1},
	Title = {Effects of language change on voice quality. An experimental study of Catalan-Castilian bilinguals},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Bruyninckx_Harmegnies_Llisterri_Poch_91_VoiceQuality_Language_Bilinguals.pdf},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1991},
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@inproceedings{carrio_contrastive_1991,
	Address = {Aix-en-Provence},
	Author = {Carrió, Mar and Ríos, Antonio},
	Booktitle = {ICPhS 1991. Actes du 12\textsuperscript{e} Congrès International de Sciences Phonétiques},
	Date = {1991},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:23:42 +0000},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, Catalan, contrastive, descriptive, phonetics, prosody, rhythm, Spanish, temporal factors},
	Pages = {246--249},
	Publisher = {Université de Provence, Service des Publications},
	Rating = {1},
	Read = {1},
	Title = {A contrastive analysis of Spanish and Catalan rhythm},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1991}}

Paper  bibtex   

@incollection{bruyninckx_bilinguisme_1990,
	Address = {Mons},
	Author = {Bruyninckx, Marielle and Harmegnies, Bernard and Llisterri, Joaquim and Poch, Dolors},
	Booktitle = {Mélanges de phonétique et didactique des langues. Hommage au professeur Renard},
	Date = {1990},
	Date-Modified = {2018-01-13 08:42:35 +0000},
	Editor = {Landercy, Albert},
	Isbn = {2-86460-160-5},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, bilingualism, LTAS, phonation, phonetics, prosody, speech production, voice quality},
	Pages = {43-53},
	Publisher = {Presses Universitaries de Mons -- Didier Érudition},
	Title = {Bilinguisme et qualité vocale. Contribution à l'analyse des variations du spectre à long terme sous l'effet du changement de langue},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Bruyninckx_Harmegnies_Llisterri_Poch_90_Qualite_vocale_bilinguisme.pdf},
	Year = {1990},
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@Article{McLean1989,
  author   = {J McLean and LA Palmer},
  journal  = {Vision Res},
  title    = {Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat.},
  year     = {1989},
  number   = {6},
  pages    = {675-9},
  volume   = {29},
  abstract = {We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive
	fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike
	trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright
	and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame.
	Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable
	in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from
	the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple
	cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction
	selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive
	fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal
	speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions
	observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with
	a linear model for direction selectivity.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, 2626824},
}

Paper  bibtex   

@inproceedings{balari_structuration_1988,
	Address = {Bellaterra},
	Author = {Balari, Sergio and Llisterri, Joaquim and Poch, Dolors},
	Booktitle = {Dixième anniversaire. Langue et méthodologie. Littérature et civilisation. Informatique et FLE. Actas de las X\textsuperscript{as} Jornadas Pedagógicas sobre la Enseñanza del Francés en España},
	Date = {1988},
	Date-Modified = {2018-01-13 10:03:28 +0000},
	Editor = {Blas, Ana and Mestreit, Claude and Tost, Manuel},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, phonetics},
	Pages = {89-98},
	Publisher = {Institut de Ciències de l'Educació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona},
	Title = {Structuration de la langue 3 chez les locuteurs bilingues},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Balari_Llisterri_Poch_88_L3_Bilingues.pdf},
	Year = {1988},
	Annote = {DL: B-1.219/88 },
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Balari_Llisterri_Poch_88_L3_Bilingues.pdf}}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{bochner_pausing_1987,
	Author = {Bochner, Joseph H and Barefoot, Sidney M and Johnson, Barbara Ann},
	Date = {1987},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-30 18:49:59 +0000},
	Journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
	Keywords = {audiology, clinical, clinical phonetics, disfluencies, English, hearing impairment, intelligibility, pause duration, pause location, pauses, phonetics, prosody, read speech, speaking styles, speech perception, speech rate, temporal factors, phonetics},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {323--333},
	Title = {Pausing in the speech of deaf young adults},
	Url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258265868_Pausing_in_the_speech_of_deaf_young_adults},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {1987},
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@inproceedings{toledo_influence_1987,
	Address = {Tallinn},
	Author = {Toledo, Guillermo Andrés and Antoñanzas-Barroso, Norma},
	Booktitle = {ICPhS 1987. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences},
	Date = {1987},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 09:31:13 +0000},
	Keywords = {descriptive, diphthongs, phonetics, prosody, segmental, Spanish, speech rate, temporal factors, vowels},
	Pages = {125--128},
	Publisher = {Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R., Institute of Language and Literature.},
	Title = {Influence of speaking rate on Spanish diphthongs},
	Volume = {3},
	Year = {1987}}

Paper  bibtex   

@article{llisterri_les_1987,
	Author = {Llisterri, Joaquim and Poch, Dolors},
	Date = {1987},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:43:49 +0000},
	Issn = {0770-545X},
	Journal = {Revue de Phonétique Appliquée},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, bilingualism, Catalan, L3, phonetics, Spanish},
	Pages = {209-219},
	Title = {Les réalisations sonores dans l'apprentissage d'une troisième langue par bilingues},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Llisterri_Poch_87_L3_Bilingues.pdf},
	Volume = {82-83-84},
	Year = {1987},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Llisterri_Poch_87_L3_Bilingues.pdf}}

@article{duez_perception_1985,
	Author = {Duez, Danielle},
	Date = {1985},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:39:16 +0000},
	Journal = {Language and Speech},
	Keywords = {conversation, descriptive, discourse, disfluencies, duration, French, pause duration, pauses, phonetics, political discourse, prosody, segmental lengthening, silent pauses, speaking styles, speech perception, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Number = {4},
	Pages = {377--389},
	Title = {Perception of silent pauses in continuous speech},
	Volume = {28},
	Year = {1985},
	Abstract = {The perception of silent pauses in continuous speech was investigated experimentally in three genres: political speeches, political interviews and casual interviews. Normal and inverted speech yielded similar perception. The result is interpreted as being an indicator of the salient role of the prosodic structures. The distributional patterning of pauses proves to be responsible for the variability of perception. Pause duration is the essential parameter; pause identification rate is positively correlated with it, and it interacts with the parameter values of the vowel preceding the pause.},
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@book{loprete_lenguaje_1984,
	Address = {Buenos Aires},
	Author = {Loprete, Carlos A},
	Date = {1984},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-20 08:07:46 +0000},
	Keywords = {L1 teaching, oral expression, phonetics, prosody, Spanish, speech rate, temporal factors, L1},
	Publisher = {Plus Ultra},
	Title = {El lenguaje oral: fundamentos, formas y técnicas},
	Year = {1984},
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Paper  bibtex   

@article{llisterri_aproximacio_1984,
	Author = {Llisterri, Joaquim},
	Date = {1984},
	Date-Modified = {2017-11-19 18:43:49 +0000},
	Issn = {DL: L-448-1984},
	Journal = {Folia Phonetica},
	Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, Catalan, phonetics, segmental, speech perception, speech synthesis, speech technology, vowels},
	Pages = {45-78},
	Title = {Aproximació a la síntesi de les vocals del català},
	Url = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Llisterri_84_vocals_catala.pdf},
	Volume = {1},
	Year = {1984},
	Bdsk-File-1 = {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},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://liceu.uab.cat/~joaquim/publicacions/Llisterri_84_vocals_catala.pdf}}

@incollection{oconnell_pausology_1983,
	Address = {Berlin - New York - Amsterdam},
	Author = {O'Connell, Daniel C and Kowal, Sabine},
	Booktitle = {Computers in language research},
	Date = {1983},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:39:03 +0000},
	Editor = {Sedelow, Walter A and Sedelow, Sally Yeates},
	Keywords = {general, pauses, phonetics, prosody, temporal factors},
	Pages = {221--276},
	Publisher = {Mouton},
	Title = {Pausology},
	Volume = {2},
	Year = {1983}}

@article{apple_effects_1979,
	Author = {Apple, William and Streeter, Lynn A and Krauss, Robert M},
	Date = {1979},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-13 21:56:18 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1037/0022-3514.37.5.715},
	Journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology},
	Keywords = {English, f0, forensic, forensic phonetics, phonetics, prosody, speech perception, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Number = {5},
	Pages = {715--727},
	Title = {Effects of pitch and speech rate on personal attributions},
	Volume = {37},
	Year = {1979},
	Abstract = {In 3 experiments, 61 undergraduates listened to recordings of male speakers answering 2 interview questions and rated the speakers on a variety of semantic differential scales. The recordings had been altered so that the pitch of the speakers' voices was raised or lowered by 20\% or left at its normal level, and speech rate was expanded or compressed by 30\% or left at its normal rate. The results provide clear evidence that listeners use these acoustic properties in making personal attributions to speakers. Speakers with high-pitched voices were judged less truthful, less emphatic, less "potent" (smaller, thinner, faster), and more nervous. Slow-talking speakers were judged less truthful, less fluent, and less persuasive and were seen as more "passive" (slower, colder, passive, weaker) but more "potent." However, the effects of the acoustic manipulations on personal attributions also depended on the particular question that elicited the response.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.5.715}}

@incollection{rochester_ropauses_1977,
	Address = {Montréal},
	Author = {Rochester, Sherry R},
	Booktitle = {Psycholinguistique expérimentale et théorique},
	Date = {1977},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:47:24 +0000},
	Editor = {Sarrasin, R},
	Keywords = {disfluencies, filled pauses, general, pauses, phonetics, prosody, silent pauses, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Pages = {221--255},
	Publisher = {Les Presses de l'Université du Québec},
	Title = {Le rôle des pauses en langage spontané},
	Year = {1977}}

@article{grosjean_analyse_1972,
	Author = {Grosjean, François and Deschamps, Alain},
	Date = {1972},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:01:01 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1159/000259407},
	Journal = {Phonetica},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, false starts, filled pauses, French, pause duration, pause location, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repetitions, silent pauses, speaking styles, speech rate, spontaneous speech, temporal factors},
	Language = {fr},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {129--156},
	Title = {Analyse des variables temporelles du français spontané},
	Volume = {26},
	Year = {1972},
	Abstract = {This paper reviews the inherent time variables of speech and then discusses the importance of these variables for spontaneous speech activities in French. A comparison with English shows that the French speak faster than the English, this being mainly due to the smaller number of pauses introduced into their discourse, not to the rate of articulation, nor to the length of pauses. Moreover, it follows from the analysis of the syntactic distribution of unfilled pauses that 75 \% occur at the end of sense groups (60 \% at the end of clauses) and that pauses inside clauses are shorter (median 0.40 sec) than final ones (median 0.50 sec). Finally, the investigation of secondary variables (other hesitation pauses) shows the importance of `articulation' pauses (which consist of filled pauses and of drawls) and the prime role played by grammatical words in the categories: drawls, repetitions and false starts.},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000259407}}

@article{hawkins_syntactic_1971,
	Author = {Hawkins, Peter R},
	Date = {1971},
	Date-Modified = {2018-07-20 08:07:07 +0000},
	Journal = {Language and Speech},
	Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, L1 acquisition, linguistics, pause location, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, syntax, temporal factors, L1},
	Number = {3},
	Pages = {277--288},
	Title = {The syntactic location of hesitation pauses},
	Volume = {14},
	Year = {1971},
	Abstract = {Spontaneous narrative speech was obtained from 48 children by asking them to make up a story. A grammatical analysis of the hesitation pauses was carried out. Two-thirds of all the pauses, and three-quarters of the pause-time, was found to occur at boundaries between clauses. Pauses occasioned by lexical items occurred more frequently at a group boundary than within the group. It is suggested that the high frequency of clause-boundary pausing is a function of (a) the speech situation and (b) the range of options confronting the speaker at the beginning of a clause.},
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@article{Maclay_1959,
	Author = {Maclay, Howard and Osgood, Charles E},
	Date = {1959},
	Date-Added = {2017-12-20 14:20:10 +0000},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:20:48 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1080/00437956.1959.11659682},
	Journal = {Word},
	Keywords = {phonetics, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, English, disfluencies, pauses, repetitions, false starts, temporal factors, prosody},
	Number = {1},
	Pages = {19–-44},
	Title = {Hesitation phenomena in spontaneous English speech},
	Volume = {15},
	Year = {1959},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1959.11659682}}

@article{goldman-eisler_variability_1954,
	Author = {Goldman-Eisler, Frieda},
	Date = {1954},
	Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 07:56:59 +0000},
	Doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8295.1954.tb01232.x},
	Journal = {British Journal of Psychology. General Section},
	Keywords = {conversation, descriptive, interspeaker variation, intraspeaker variation, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, speech rate, temporal factors},
	Number = {2},
	Pages = {94--107},
	Title = {On the variability of the speed of talking and on its relation to the length of utterances in conversations},
	Volume = {45},
	Year = {1954},
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	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1954.tb01232.x}}