Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{bobb_bayesian_2015,
	title = {Bayesian kernel machine regression for estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant mixtures},
	volume = {16},
	issn = {1468-4357},
	url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25532525/},
	doi = {10.1093/BIOSTATISTICS/KXU058},
	abstract = {Because humans are invariably exposed to complex chemical mixtures, estimating the health effects of multi-pollutant exposures is of critical concern in environmental epidemiology, and to regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, most health effects studies focus on single agents or consider simple two-way interaction models, in part because we lack the statistical methodology to more realistically capture the complexity of mixed exposures. We introduce Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) as a new approach to study mixtures, in which the health outcome is regressed on a flexible function of the mixture (e.g. air pollution or toxic waste) components that is specified using a kernel function. In high-dimensional settings, a novel hierarchical variable selection approach is incorporated to identify important mixture components and account for the correlated structure of the mixture. Simulation studies demonstrate the success of BKMR in estimating the exposure-response function and in identifying the individual components of the mixture responsible for health effects. We demonstrate the features of the method through epidemiology and toxicology applications.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2021-12-16},
	journal = {Biostatistics (Oxford, England)},
	author = {Bobb, Jennifer F. and Valeri, Linda and Claus Henn, Birgit and Christiani, David C. and Wright, Robert O. and Mazumdar, Maitreyi and Godleski, John J. and Coull, Brent A.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2015},
	pmid = {25532525},
	note = {Publisher: Biostatistics},
	keywords = {Animals, Bangladesh, Bayes Theorem*, Biostatistics, Brent A Coull, Child, Developmental Disabilities / etiology, Dogs, Environmental Health / statistics \& numerical data, Environmental Pollutants / adverse effects*, Extramural, Female, Hemodynamics / drug effects, Humans, Infant, Jennifer F Bobb, Linda Valeri, MEDLINE, Machine Learning, Metals / adverse effects, Models, N.I.H., NCBI, NIH, NLM, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Neurodevelopmental Disorders / etiology, Non-P.H.S., Normal Distribution, PMC5963470, Pregnancy, Preschool, PubMed Abstract, Regression Analysis, Research Support, Statistical, U.S. Gov't, doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxu058, pmid:25532525},
	pages = {493--508},
}

@Article{Kurzban2005,
  author   = {Robert Kurzban and Daniel Houser},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Experiments investigating cooperative types in humans: {A} complement to evolutionary theory and simulations.},
  year     = {2005},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {1803-7},
  volume   = {102},
  abstract = {Unlike other species, humans cooperate in large, distantly related
	groups, a fact that has long presented a puzzle to biologists. The
	pathway by which adaptations for large-scale cooperation among nonkin
	evolved in humans remains a subject of vigorous debate. Results from
	theoretical analyses and agent-based simulations suggest that evolutionary
	dynamics need not yield homogeneous populations, but can instead
	generate a polymorphic population that consists of individuals who
	vary in their degree of cooperativeness. These results resonate with
	the recent increasing emphasis on the importance of individual differences
	in understanding and modeling behavior and dynamics in experimental
	games and decision problems. Here, we report the results of laboratory
	experiments that complement both theory and simulation results. We
	find that our subjects fall into three types, an individual's type
	is stable, and a group's cooperative outcomes can be remarkably well
	predicted if one knows its type composition. Reciprocal types, who
	contribute to the public good as a positive function of their beliefs
	about others' contributions, constitute the majority (63\%) of players;
	cooperators and free-riders are also present in our subject population.
	Despite substantial behavioral differences, earnings among types
	are statistically identical. Our results support the view that our
	human subject population is in a stable, polymorphic equilibrium
	of types.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0408759102},
  keywords = {Agonistic Behavior, Animals, Anura, Behavior, Animal, Cues, Male, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Vocalization, 15665099},
}

@Article{Noles2005,
  author   = {Nicholaus S Noles and Brian J Scholl and Stephen R Mitroff},
  journal  = {Percept Psychophys},
  title    = {The persistence of object file representations.},
  year     = {2005},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {324-34},
  volume   = {67},
  abstract = {Coherent visual experience of dynamic scenes requires not only that
	the visual system segment scenes into component objects but that
	these object representations persist, so that an object can be identified
	as the same object from an earlier time. Object files (OFs) are visual
	representations thought to mediate such abilities: OFs lie between
	lower level sensory processing and higher level recognition, and
	they track salient objects over time and motion. OFs have traditionally
	been studied via object-specific preview benefits (OSPBs), in which
	discriminations of an object's features are speeded when an earlier
	preview of those features occurred on the same object, as opposed
	to on a different object, beyond general displaywide priming. Despite
	its popularity, many fundamental aspects of the OF framework remain
	unexplored. For example, although OFs are thought to be involved
	primarily in online visual processing, we do not know how long such
	representations persist; previous studies found OSPBs for up to 1500
	msec but did not test for longer durations. We explored this issue
	using a modified object reviewing paradigm and found that robust
	OSPBs persist for more than five times longer than has previously
	been tested-for at least 8 sec, and possibly for much longer. Object
	files may be the "glue" that makes visual experience coherent not
	just in online moment-by-moment processing, but on the scale of seconds
	that characterizes our everyday perceptual experiences. These findings
	also bear on research in infant cognition, where OFs are thought
	to explain infants' abilities to track and enumerate small sets of
	objects over longer durations.},
  keywords = {Extramural, Humans, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Research Support, Rotation, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, 15973783},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {A comparison of linkage disequilibrium patterns and estimated population recombination rates across multiple populations},
 type = {article},
 year = {2005},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Genetics, Population,*Linkage Disequilibrium,African Americans/genetics,African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics,Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics,Chromosome Mapping,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20,Comparative Study,European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics,Great Britain,Haplotypes,Humans,Recombination, Genetic,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,United States},
 pages = {681-687},
 volume = {76},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15719321},
 id = {df641bec-fc57-358d-9cb4-13c6665f5e26},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.904Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:12.017Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0002-9297 (Print)<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Large-scale studies of linkage disequilibrium (LD) have shown considerable variation in the extent and distribution of pairwise LD within and between populations. Taken at face value, these results suggest that genomewide LD maps for one population may not be generalizable to other populations. However, at least part of this diversity is due to some undesirable features of pairwise LD measures, which are well documented for the D' and r2 measures. In this report, we compare patterns of LD derived from pairwise measures with statistical estimates of population recombination rates ( rho ) along a 10-Mb stretch of chromosome 20 in four population samples, comprising East Asians, African Americans, and U.K. and U.S. individuals of western European descent. The results reveal the expected variability of D' within and between populations but show better concordance in estimates of r2 for the same markers across the population samples. Estimates of rho correlate well across populations, but there is still evidence of population-specific spikes and troughs in rho values. We conclude that it is unlikely that a single haplotype map will provide a definitive guide for association studies of many populations; rather, multiple maps will need to be constructed to provide the best-possible guides for gene mapping.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Evans, D M and Cardon, L R},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {4}
}

@Article{Howe2005,
  author   = {Catherine Q Howe and Zhiyong Yang and Dale Purves},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {The {P}oggendorff illusion explained by natural scene geometry.},
  year     = {2005},
  number   = {21},
  pages    = {7707-12},
  volume   = {102},
  abstract = {One of the most intriguing of the many discrepancies between perceived
	spatial relationships and the physical structure of visual stimuli
	is the Poggendorff illusion, when an obliquely oriented line that
	is interrupted no longer appears collinear. Although many different
	theories have been proposed to explain this effect, there has been
	no consensus about its cause. Here, we use a database of range images
	(i.e., images that include the distance from the image plane of every
	pixel in the scene) to show that the probability distribution of
	the possible locations of line segments across an interval in natural
	environments can fully account for all of the behavior of this otherwise
	puzzling phenomenon.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0502893102},
  keywords = {Comparative Study, Databases, Extramural, Factual, Humans, Models, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Optical Illusions, P.H.S., Psychological, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, 15888555},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Modelling the recent common ancestry of all living humans},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Computer Simulation,*Pedigree,*Phylogeny,Emigration and Immigration,Female,Geography,Humans,Male,Monte Carlo Method,Population Density,Population Dynamics,Reproduction,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Time Factors},
 pages = {562-566},
 volume = {431},
 id = {c213cb6e-eeef-3a9b-8149-72c0b09cf516},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:43:49.961Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:43:50.083Z},
 tags = {04/12/23},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {If a common ancestor of all living humans is defined as an individual who is a genealogical ancestor of all present-day people, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for a randomly mating population would have lived in the very recent past. However, the random mating model ignores essential aspects of population substructure, such as the tendency of individuals to choose mates from the same social group, and the relative isolation of geographically separated groups. Here we show that recent common ancestors also emerge from two models incorporating substantial population substructure. One model, designed for simplicity and theoretical insight, yields explicit mathematical results through a probabilistic analysis. A more elaborate second model, designed to capture historical population dynamics in a more realistic way, is analysed computationally through Monte Carlo simulations. These analyses suggest that the genealogies of all living humans overlap in remarkable ways in the recent past. In particular, the MRCA of all present-day humans lived just a few thousand years ago in these models. Moreover, among all individuals living more than just a few thousand years earlier than the MRCA, each present-day human has exactly the same set of genealogical ancestors.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rohde, D L and Olson, S and Chang, J T},
 journal = {Nature},
 number = {7008}
}

@Article{Backwell2004,
  author   = {Patricia R Y Backwell and Michael D Jennions},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Animal behaviour: {C}oalition among male fiddler crabs.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {6998},
  pages    = {417},
  volume   = {430},
  abstract = {Until now, no compelling evidence has emerged from studies of animal
	territoriality to indicate that a resident will strategically help
	a neighbour to defend its territory against an intruder. We show
	here that territory-owning Australian fiddler crabs will judiciously
	assist other crabs in defending their neighbouring territories. This
	cooperation supports the prediction that it is sometimes less costly
	to assist a familiar neighbour than to renegotiate boundaries with
	a new, and possibly stronger, neighbour.},
  doi      = {10.1038/430417a},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Pair Bond, Social Behavior, Songbirds, Adolescent, England, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Korea, Language, Semantics, Vocabulary, Action Potentials, Hippocampus, Pyramidal Cells, Rats, Rotation, Australia, Brachyura, Cooperative Behavior, Logistic Models, Territoriality, 15269757},
}

@Article{Egnor2004,
  author   = {S. E Roian Egnor and Marc D Hauser},
  journal  = {Trends Neurosci},
  title    = {A paradox in the evolution of primate vocal learning.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {11},
  pages    = {649-54},
  volume   = {27},
  abstract = {The importance of auditory feedback in the development of spoken language
	in humans is striking. Paradoxically, although auditory-feedback-dependent
	vocal plasticity has been shown in a variety of taxonomic groups,
	there is little evidence that our nearest relatives--non-human primates--require
	auditory feedback for the development of species-typical vocal signals.
	Because of the apparent lack of developmental plasticity in the vocal
	production system, neuroscientists have largely ignored the neural
	mechanisms of non-human primate vocal production and perception.
	Recently, the absence of evidence for vocal plasticity from developmental
	studies has been contrasted with evidence for vocal plasticity in
	adults. We argue that this new evidence makes non-human primate vocal
	behavior an attractive model system for neurobiological analysis.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.009},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Animal, Animals, Evolution, Humans, Learning, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Vocalization, 15474164},
}

@Article{Polley2004,
  author   = {Daniel B Polley and Marc A Heiser and David T Blake and Christoph E Schreiner and Michael M Merzenich},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Associative learning shapes the neural code for stimulus magnitude in primary auditory cortex.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {46},
  pages    = {16351-6},
  volume   = {101},
  abstract = {Since the dawn of experimental psychology, researchers have sought
	an understanding of the fundamental relationship between the amplitude
	of sensory stimuli and the magnitudes of their perceptual representations.
	Contemporary theories support the view that magnitude is encoded
	by a linear increase in firing rate established in the primary afferent
	pathways. In the present study, we have investigated sound intensity
	coding in the rat primary auditory cortex (AI) and describe its plasticity
	by following paired stimulus reinforcement and instrumental conditioning
	paradigms. In trained animals, population-response strengths in AI
	became more strongly nonlinear with increasing stimulus intensity.
	Individual AI responses became selective to more restricted ranges
	of sound intensities and, as a population, represented a broader
	range of preferred sound levels. These experiments demonstrate that
	the representation of stimulus magnitude can be powerfully reshaped
	by associative learning processes and suggest that the code for sound
	intensity within AI can be derived from intensity-tuned neurons that
	change, rather than simply increase, their firing rates in proportion
	to increases in sound intensity.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0407586101},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Association Learning, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Threshold, Conditioning (Psychology), Electrophysiology, Loudness Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Reinforcement (Psychology), Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Reward, 15534214},
}

@Article{Gelman2004,
  author   = {Susan A Gelman},
  journal  = {Trends Cogn Sci},
  title    = {Psychological essentialism in children.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {404-9},
  volume   = {8},
  abstract = {Psychological essentialism is the idea that certain categories, such
	as "lion" or "female", have an underlying reality that cannot be
	observed directly. Where does this idea come from? This article reviews
	recent evidence suggesting that psychological essentialism is an
	early cognitive bias. Young children look beyond the obvious in many
	converging ways: when learning words, generalizing knowledge to new
	category members, reasoning about the insides of things, contemplating
	the role of nature versus nurture, and constructing causal explanations.
	These findings argue against the standard view of children as concrete
	thinkers, instead claiming that children have an early tendency to
	search for hidden, non-obvious features.},
  doi      = {10.1016/j.tics.2004.07.001},
  keywords = {Animals, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Female, Humans, Language, P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, 15350241},
}

@Article{Abbott2004,
  author   = {LF Abbott and Wade G Regehr},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Synaptic computation.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {7010},
  pages    = {796-803},
  volume   = {431},
  abstract = {Neurons are often considered to be the computational engines of the
	brain, with synapses acting solely as conveyers of information. But
	the diverse types of synaptic plasticity and the range of timescales
	over which they operate suggest that synapses have a more active
	role in information processing. Long-term changes in the transmission
	properties of synapses provide a physiological substrate for learning
	and memory, whereas short-term changes support a variety of computations.
	By expressing several forms of synaptic plasticity, a single neuron
	can convey an array of different signals to the neural circuit in
	which it operates.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nature03010},
  groups   = {Gain control},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, 15483601},
}

@Article{Mitroff2004a,
  author   = {Stephen R Mitroff and Brian J Scholl},
  journal  = {Perception},
  title    = {Seeing the disappearance of unseen objects.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {10},
  pages    = {1267-73},
  volume   = {33},
  abstract = {Because of the massive amount of incoming visual information, perception
	is fundamentally selective. We are aware of only a small subset of
	our visual input at any given moment, and a great deal of activity
	can occur right in front of our eyes without reaching awareness.
	While previous work has shown that even salient visual objects can
	go unseen, here we demonstrate the opposite pattern, wherein observers
	perceive stimuli which are not physically present. In particular,
	we show in two motion-induced blindness experiments that unseen objects
	can momentarily reenter awareness when they physically disappear:
	in some situations, you can see the disappearance of something you
	can't see. Moreover, when a stimulus changes outside of awareness
	in this situation and then physically disappears, observers momentarily
	see the altered version--thus perceiving properties of an object
	that they had never seen before, after that object is already gone.
	This phenomenon of 'perceptual reentry' yields new insights into
	the relationship between visual memory and conscious awareness.},
  keywords = {Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Humans, Intraductal, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Non-P.H.S., Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychophysics, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Switzerland, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15693670},
}

@article{behrmann_parietal_2004,
	title = {Parietal cortex and attention},
	volume = {14},
	abstract = {The parietal lobe forms about 20\% of the human cerebral cortex and is divided into two major regions, the somatosensory cortex and the posterior parietal cortex. Posterior parietal cortex, located at the junction of multiple sensory regions, projects to several cortical and subcortical areas and is engaged in a host of cognitive operations. One such operation is selective attention, the process where by the input is filtered and a subset of the information is selected for preferential processing. Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have provided a more fine-grained understanding of the relationship between brain and behavior in the domain of selective attention.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Curr Opin Neurobiol},
	author = {Behrmann, M and Geng, J J and Shomstein, S},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15082327},
	keywords = {Attention/*physiology, Cues, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways/anatomy \& histology/*physiology, Parietal Lobe/anatomy \& histology/*physiology, Perception/physiology, Perceptual Disorders/pathology/physiopathology, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Sensation/physiology},
	pages = {212--217},
}

@Article{Gil-da-Costa2004,
  author   = {Ricardo Gil-da-Costa and Allen Braun and Marco Lopes and Marc D Hauser and Richard E Carson and Peter Herscovitch and Alex Martin},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Toward an evolutionary perspective on conceptual representation: {S}pecies-specific calls activate visual and affective processing systems in the macaque.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {50},
  pages    = {17516-21},
  volume   = {101},
  abstract = {Non-human primates produce a diverse repertoire of species-specific
	calls and have rich conceptual systems. Some of their calls are designed
	to convey information about concepts such as predators, food, and
	social relationships, as well as the affective state of the caller.
	Little is known about the neural architecture of these calls, and
	much of what we do know is based on single-cell physiology from anesthetized
	subjects. By using positron emission tomography in awake rhesus macaques,
	we found that conspecific vocalizations elicited activity in higher-order
	visual areas, including regions in the temporal lobe associated with
	the visual perception of object form (TE/TEO) and motion (superior
	temporal sulcus) and storing visual object information into long-term
	memory (TE), as well as in limbic (the amygdala and hippocampus)
	and paralimbic regions (ventromedial prefrontal cortex) associated
	with the interpretation and memory-encoding of highly salient and
	affective material. This neural circuitry strongly corresponds to
	the network shown to support representation of conspecifics and affective
	information in humans. These findings shed light on the evolutionary
	precursors of conceptual representation in humans, suggesting that
	monkeys and humans have a common neural substrate for representing
	object concepts.},
  doi      = {10.1073/pnas.0408077101},
  keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Brain, Concept Formation, Electrophysiology, Evolution, Female, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Positron-Emission Tomography, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Species Specificity, Visual Perception, Vocalization, Animal, 15583132},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{reep_rodent_2004,
	title = {A rodent model for investigating the neurobiology of contralateral neglect},
	volume = {17},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15622013},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Contralateral neglect is a common and disabling sequela of right hemisphere strokes. Neglect involves attentional and cognitive deficits, including distortions of contralateral spatial and personal awareness. There are no established successful therapies for neglect, and treatment is often complicated by anosognosia. The disturbances associated with neglect are debilitating to patients and their families, and presence of neglect is a strong predictor of poor prognosis for recovery. OBJECTIVE: The present report reviews findings from 20 years of research using a rat model of neglect. In the rat, 2 cortical areas that are linked by corticocortical connections have been identified as having a major role in neglect, and these correspond to frontal and parietal fields in primates. These 2 cortical areas also have convergent projections to the dorsocentral striatum, which has been implicated as a crucial subcortical component of the cortical-striatal-thalamic circuitry involved in directed attention and neglect. We discuss the role of the dorsocentral striatum in neglect and recovery and present evidence that induced axonal sprouting may promote functional recovery following cortical lesions that produce neglect. CONCLUSIONS: The rodent model of neglect captures some of the essential behavioral and anatomic features of neglect in humans. This model has helped reveal the pathophysiology of neglect, has suggested a crucial role of the striatum in recovery from neglect, and is being used to investigate potential therapeutic approaches.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
	author = {Reep, R.L. and Corwin, J.V. and Cheatwood, J.L. and Van Vleet, T.M. and Heilman, K.M. and Watson, R.T.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Disease Models, Animal, *Laterality, Agnosia/physiopathology, Animals, Brain Damage, Chronic/physiopathology, Frontal Lobe/*physiopathology, Neostriatum/physiopathology, Parietal Lobe/*physiopathology, Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology, Rats, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., ⛔ No DOI found},
	pages = {191--194},
}

@Article{Scholl2004,
  author   = {Brian J Scholl and Ken Nakayama},
  journal  = {Perception},
  title    = {Illusory causal crescents: {M}isperceived spatial relations due to perceived causality.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {455-69},
  volume   = {33},
  abstract = {When an object A moves toward an object B until they are adjacent,
	at which point A stops and B starts moving, we often see a collision--ie
	we see A as the cause of B's motion. The spatiotemporal parameters
	which mediate the perception of causality have been explored in many
	studies, but this work is seldom related to other aspects of perception.
	Here we report a novel illusion, wherein the perception of causality
	affects the perceived spatial relations among two objects involved
	in a collision event: observers systematically underestimate the
	amount of overlap between two items in an event which is seen as
	a causal collision. This occurs even when the causal nature of the
	event is induced by a surrounding context, such that estimates of
	the amount of overlap in the very same event are much improved when
	the event is displayed in isolation, without a 'causal' interpretation.
	This illusion implies that the perception of causality does not proceed
	completely independently of other visual processes, but can affect
	the perception of other spatial properties.},
  keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antineoplastic Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intraductal, Judgment, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Visual, Visual Perception, 15222393},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Clinical phenotype of families with longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2004},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family Health,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Cardiovascular Diseases/*epidemiology/genetics,Case-Control Studies,Chronic Disease/*epidemiology,European Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & n,Female,Humans,Israel/epidemiology,Jews/statistics & numerical data,Longevity/*genetics,Male,Matched-Pair Analysis,Middle Aged,Prevalence,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Risk,Sex Factors,Statistics, Nonparametric,United States/epidemiology},
 pages = {274-277},
 volume = {52},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14728640},
 id = {269afc28-8f71-3cb1-91c4-4f7293ce8166},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.818Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.918Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0002-8614<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine whether offspring of centenarians acquired protection from age-related diseases. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: The study was part of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Centenarians (n=145), offspring of centenarians (n=180), and spouses of the offspring of centenarians (n=75) as a control group. Two additional groups served as controls: age-matched Ashkenazi Jews, and an age-matched control group from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported family history of longevity; prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart attacks, and strokes; and objective measurements of body mass index and fat mass. RESULTS: Parents of centenarians (born in approximately 1870) had a markedly greater ( approximately sevenfold) "risk" for longevity (reaching ages 90-99), supporting the notion that genetics contributed to longevity in these families. The offspring of long-lived parents had significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (by 23%), diabetes mellitus (by 50%), heart attacks (by 60%), and strokes (no events reported) than several age-matched control groups. CONCLUSION: Offspring of centenarians may inherit significantly better health. The authors suggest that a cohort of these subjects and their spouses is ideal to study the phenotype and genotype of longevity and its interaction with the environment.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Atzmon, G and Schechter, C and Greiner, W and Davidson, D and Rennert, G and Barzilai, N},
 journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc},
 number = {2}
}

@Article{Mellars2004,
  author   = {Paul Mellars},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Neanderthals and the modern human colonization of {E}urope.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {7016},
  pages    = {461-5},
  volume   = {432},
  abstract = {The fate of the Neanderthal populations of Europe and western Asia
	has gripped the popular and scientific imaginations for the past
	century. Following at least 200,000 years of successful adaptation
	to the glacial climates of northwestern Eurasia, they disappeared
	abruptly between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago, to be replaced by populations
	all but identical to modern humans. Recent research suggests that
	the roots of this dramatic population replacement can be traced far
	back to events on another continent, with the appearance of distinctively
	modern human remains and artefacts in eastern and southern Africa.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nature03103},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Pair Bond, Social Behavior, Songbirds, Adolescent, England, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Korea, Language, Semantics, Vocabulary, Action Potentials, Hippocampus, Pyramidal Cells, Rats, Rotation, Australia, Brachyura, Cooperative Behavior, Logistic Models, Territoriality, Africa, Archaeology, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Geography, Phylogeny, Population Dynamics, 15565144},
}

@Article{Senghas2004,
  author   = {Ann Senghas and Sotaro Kita and Asli Ozy\"urek},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Children creating core properties of language: {E}vidence from an emerging sign language in {N}icaragua.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {5691},
  pages    = {1779-82},
  volume   = {305},
  abstract = {A new sign language has been created by deaf Nicaraguans over the
	past 25 years, providing an opportunity to observe the inception
	of universal hallmarks of language. We found that in their initial
	creation of the language, children analyzed complex events into basic
	elements and sequenced these elements into hierarchically structured
	expressions according to principles not observed in gestures accompanying
	speech in the surrounding language. Successive cohorts of learners
	extended this procedure, transforming Nicaraguan signing from its
	early gestural form into a linguistic system. We propose that this
	early segmentation and recombination reflect mechanisms with which
	children learn, and thereby perpetuate, language. Thus, children
	naturally possess learning abilities capable of giving language its
	fundamental structure.},
  doi      = {10.1126/science.1100199},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cohort Studies, Deafness, Gestures, Humans, Learning, Linguistics, Movement, Nicaragua, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Sign Language, 15375252},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{mccloskey_spatial_2004,
	title = {Spatial representations and multiple-visual-systems hypotheses: evidence from a developmental deficit in visual location and orientation processing},
	volume = {40},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15505978},
	doi = {10/crrwq8},
	abstract = {AH, a young, well-educated woman, has a developmental deficit in processing visual location and orientation information. Her deficit manifests itself in a wide range of visual tasks, including visually-guided reaching, copying pictures and words, and responding verbally to the location or orientation of visual stimuli; however, her performance in non-visual localization tasks is intact. AH's visual location and orientation errors are systematic left-right or up-down reflections (e.g., reaching to the far right for an object on the far left). More specifically, the errors involve reflection across the point where AH's attention is focused, regardless of where her eyes are fixated. These results imply that at some level(s) of the visual system, locations and orientations of visual stimuli are represented in a spatial coordinate system with an origin defined by the focus of attention. In these attention-centered representations location is specified in terms of distance and direction of displacement from the attentional focus along horizontal and vertical reference axes. AH's errors, I argue, result from misrepresentation of displacement direction (e.g., left rather than right, down rather than up) along a reference axis. Several visual variables dramatically affected AH's performance in visual location and orientation tasks: She was much more accurate for stimuli that were brief, moving, flickering, low in contrast, or high in eccentricity, than for those that were long in duration, stationary, continuous, high in contrast, and low in eccentricity. These results suggest that location and orientation are computed in each of two visual subsystems, which I call transient and sustained, and that AH's deficit affects only the sustained subsystem. I argue that AH's performance poses challenges to multiple-visual-subsystems hypotheses proposed by Ungerleider and Mishkin (1982) and by Milner and Goodale (1995).},
	number = {4-5},
	journal = {Cortex},
	author = {McCloskey, M.},
	year = {2004},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Orientation, *Pattern Recognition, Visual, *Psychomotor Performance, *Space Perception, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Learning Disorders/*diagnosis, Motion Perception, Neuropsychological Tests, Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {677--94},
}

@article{brincat_underlying_2004,
	title = {Underlying principles of visual shape selectivity in posterior inferotemporal cortex.},
	volume = {7},
	doi = {10.1038/nn1278},
	abstract = {Object perception depends on shape processing in the ventral visual pathway, which in monkeys culminates in inferotemporal cortex (IT). Here we provide a description of fundamental quantitative principles governing neural selectivity for complex shape in IT. By measuring responses to large, parametric sets of two-dimensional (2D) silhouette shapes, we found that neurons in posterior IT (Brodmann's areas TEO and posterior TE) integrate information about multiple contour elements (straight and curved edge fragments of the type represented in lower-level areas) using both linear and nonlinear mechanisms. This results in complex, distributed response patterns that cannot be characterized solely in terms of example stimuli. We explained these response patterns with tuning functions in multidimensional shape space and accurately predicted neural responses to the widely varying shapes in our stimulus set. Integration of contour element information in earlier stages of IT represents an important step in the transformation from low-level shape signals to complex object representation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Nat Neurosci},
	author = {Brincat, Scott L and Connor, Charles E},
	year = {2004},
	pmid = {15235606},
	note = {Place: United States
ISBN: 1097-6256},
	keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Form Perception, Macaca mulatta, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Temporal Lobe, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {880--886},
}

@Article{Tsodyks2004,
  author   = {Misha Tsodyks and Charles Gilbert},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Neural networks and perceptual learning.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {7010},
  pages    = {775-81},
  volume   = {431},
  abstract = {Sensory perception is a learned trait. The brain strategies we use
	to perceive the world are constantly modified by experience. With
	practice, we subconsciously become better at identifying familiar
	objects or distinguishing fine details in our environment. Current
	theoretical models simulate some properties of perceptual learning,
	but neglect the underlying cortical circuits. Future neural network
	models must incorporate the top-down alteration of cortical function
	by expectation or perceptual tasks. These newly found dynamic processes
	are challenging earlier views of static and feedforward processing
	of sensory information.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nature03013},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, 15483598},
}

@Article{Todorov2004,
  author   = {Emanuel Todorov},
  journal  = {Nat Neurosci},
  title    = {Optimality principles in sensorimotor control.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {907-15},
  volume   = {7},
  abstract = {The sensorimotor system is a product of evolution, development, learning
	and adaptation-which work on different time scales to improve behavioral
	performance. Consequently, many theories of motor function are based
	on 'optimal performance': they quantify task goals as cost functions,
	and apply the sophisticated tools of optimal control theory to obtain
	detailed behavioral predictions. The resulting models, although not
	without limitations, have explained more empirical phenomena than
	any other class. Traditional emphasis has been on optimizing desired
	movement trajectories while ignoring sensory feedback. Recent work
	has redefined optimality in terms of feedback control laws, and focused
	on the mechanisms that generate behavior online. This approach has
	allowed researchers to fit previously unrelated concepts and observations
	into what may become a unified theoretical framework for interpreting
	motor function. At the heart of the framework is the relationship
	between high-level goals, and the real-time sensorimotor control
	strategies most suitable for accomplishing those goals.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nn1309},
  keywords = {Adaptation, Afferent Pathways, Algorithms, Animals, Arm, Artifacts, Central Nervous System, Computer Simulation, Efferent Pathways, Extramural, Feedback, Humans, Linear Models, Models, Movement, N.I.H., Neurological, Normal Distribution, P.H.S., Physiological, Psychomotor Performance, Research Support, Stochastic Processes, U.S. Gov't, 15332089},
}

@Article{Bramble2004,
  author   = {Dennis M Bramble and Daniel E Lieberman},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Endurance running and the evolution of {H}omo.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {7015},
  pages    = {345-52},
  volume   = {432},
  abstract = {Striding bipedalism is a key derived behaviour of hominids that possibly
	originated soon after the divergence of the chimpanzee and human
	lineages. Although bipedal gaits include walking and running, running
	is generally considered to have played no major role in human evolution
	because humans, like apes, are poor sprinters compared to most quadrupeds.
	Here we assess how well humans perform at sustained long-distance
	running, and review the physiological and anatomical bases of endurance
	running capabilities in humans and other mammals. Judged by several
	criteria, humans perform remarkably well at endurance running, thanks
	to a diverse array of features, many of which leave traces in the
	skeleton. The fossil evidence of these features suggests that endurance
	running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about
	2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution
	of the human body form.},
  doi      = {10.1038/nature03052},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Brain, Decision Making, Face, Female, Haplorhini, Housing, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Prefrontal Cortex, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Perception, Choice Behavior, Cognition, Dopamine, Learning, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders, Generalization (Psychology), Motor Skills, Non-P.H.S., Nerve Net, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Cerebral Cortex, Memory, Neurons, Sound Localization, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Pathways, Non-, Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Age of Onset, Aging, Blindness, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Pitch Perception, Analysis of Variance, Animal Welfare, Laboratory, Behavior, Animal, Hybridization, Genetic, Maze Learning, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Inbred DBA, Phenotype, Reproducibility of Results, Darkness, Deafness, Finches, Sleep, Sound, Sunlight, Time Factors, Vocalization, Energy Metabolism, Evolution, Fossils, History, Ancient, Hominidae, Biological, Physical Endurance, Running, Skeleton, Walking, 15549097},
}

@Article{Repp2004,
  author   = {Bruno H Repp and G\"unther Knoblich},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Perceiving action identity: {H}ow pianists recognize their own performances.},
  year     = {2004},
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {604-9},
  volume   = {15},
  abstract = {Can skilled performers, such as artists or athletes, recognize the
	products of their own actions? We recorded 12 pianists playing 12
	mostly unfamiliar musical excerpts, half of them on a silent keyboard.
	Several months later, we played these performances back and asked
	the pianists to use a 5-point scale to rate whether they thought
	they were the person playing each excerpt (1 = no, 5 = yes). They
	gave their own performances significantly higher ratings than any
	other pianist's performances. In two later follow-up tests, we presented
	edited performances from which differences in tempo, overall dynamic
	(i.e., intensity) level, and dynamic nuances had been removed. The
	pianists' ratings did not change significantly, which suggests that
	the remaining information (expressive timing and articulation) was
	sufficient for self-recognition. Absence of sound during recording
	had no significant effect. These results are best explained by the
	hypothesis that an observer's action system is most strongly activated
	during perception of self-produced actions.},
  doi      = {10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00727.x},
  keywords = {Action Potentials, Animals, Comparative Study, Crustacea, Nerve Net, Neurons, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synapses, Axons, Brain Mapping, Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase, Cholera Toxin, Dendrites, Geniculate Bodies, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca mulatta, Male, Motion Perception, Neuronal Plasticity, Temporal Lobe, Vision, Low, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Adult, Americas, Analysis of Variance, Female, Hearing Impaired Persons, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Phonetics, Reading, Sign Language, Verbal Learning, Eye Movements, Time Factors, Verbal Behavior, Auditory Perception, Follow-Up Studies, Music, Psychomotor Performance, Recognition (Psychology), 15327631},
}

@article{moore_selective_2003,
	title = {Selective gating of visual signals by microstimulation of frontal cortex.},
	volume = {421},
	doi = {10.1038/nature01341},
	abstract = {Several decades of psychophysical and neurophysiological studies have established that visual signals are enhanced at the locus of attention. What remains a mystery is the mechanism that initiates biases in the strength of visual representations. Recent evidence argues that, during spatial attention, these biases reflect nascent saccadic eye movement commands. We examined the functional interaction of saccade preparation and visual coding by electrically stimulating sites within the frontal eye fields (FEF) and measuring its effect on the activity of neurons in extrastriate visual cortex. Here we show that visual responses in area V4 could be enhanced after brief stimulation of retinotopically corresponding sites within the FEF using currents below that needed to evoke saccades. The magnitude of the enhancement depended on the effectiveness of receptive field stimuli as well as on the presence of competing stimuli outside the receptive field. Stimulation of non-corresponding FEF representations could suppress V4 responses. The results suggest that the gain of visual signals is modified according to the strength of spatially corresponding eye movement commands.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6921},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Moore, Tirin and Armstrong, Katherine M},
	year = {2003},
	pmid = {12540901},
	note = {Place: England
ISBN: 0028-0836},
	keywords = {Analysis of Variance, Animals, Fixation, Ocular, Frontal Lobe, Haplorhini, MicroValence, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Saccades, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {370--373},
}

@Article{Antonov2003,
  author   = {Igor Antonov and Irina Antonova and Eric R Kandel and Robert D Hawkins},
  journal  = {Neuron},
  title    = {Activity-dependent presynaptic facilitation and hebbian {LTP} are both required and interact during classical conditioning in {A}plysia.},
  year     = {2003},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {135-47},
  volume   = {37},
  abstract = {Using a simplified preparation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex,
	we previously found that associative plasticity at synapses between
	sensory neurons and motor neurons contributes importantly to classical
	conditioning of the reflex. We have now tested the roles in that
	plasticity of two associative cellular mechanisms: activity-dependent
	enhancement of presynaptic facilitation and postsynaptically induced
	long-term potentiation. By perturbing molecular signaling pathways
	in individual neurons, we have provided the most direct evidence
	to date that each of these mechanisms contributes to behavioral learning.
	In addition, our results suggest that the two mechanisms are not
	independent but rather interact through retrograde signaling.},
  keywords = {Amygdala, Animals, Evaluation Studies, Hippocampus, Human, Learning, Long-Term Potentiation, Memory, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Neuronal Plasticity, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Synapses, 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate, Electric Stimulation, Isomerism, Rats, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Neurotransmitter, Valine, Visual Perception, Action Potentials, Calcium Signaling, Central Nervous System, Chelating Agents, Conditioning (Psychology), Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, Enzyme Inhibitors, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Motor Neurons, Neurons, Afferent, Reaction Time, Reflex, Signal Transduction, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Synaptic Transmission, 12526779},
}

@Article{Seyfarth2003,
  author   = {Robert M Seyfarth and Dorothy L Cheney},
  journal  = {Annu Rev Psychol},
  title    = {Signalers and receivers in animal communication.},
  year     = {2003},
  pages    = {145-73},
  volume   = {54},
  abstract = {In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize
	to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information
	from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment.
	The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning
	that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some
	parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals
	must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can
	easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize
	do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the
	call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states
	of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human
	language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior,
	they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information
	from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide
	it.},
  doi      = {10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145121},
  keywords = {Animals, Wild, Botswana, Cognition, Family, Female, Hierarchy, Social, Language, Papio, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Social Dominance, Vocalization, Animal, Analysis of Variance, Appetitive Behavior, Attention, Birds, Discrimination (Psychology), Learning, Non-P.H.S., Social Behavior, Social Facilitation, Transfer (Psychology), Male, Pair Bond, Primates, Social Perception, Acoustic Stimulation, Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Brain, Cues, Discrimination Learning, Songbirds, Animal Migration, Biological Clocks, Calibration, Flight, Geography, Magnetics, Orientation, Solar System, Environment, Grooming, Kenya, Reproduction, Social Support, Survival Rate, Judgment, Macaca mulatta, Videotape Recording, Visual Perception, Comparative Study, Evolution, Fishes, Intelligence, Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Mathematics, Random Allocation, Spatial Behavior, Animal Communication, Cercopithecidae, Fear, Predatory Behavior, Altruism, Cercopithecus, Cercopithecus aethiops, Awareness, Concept Formation, Dominance-Subordination, Social Environment, Affect, Arousal, Motivation, Species Specificity, 12359915},
}

Paper  doi  bibtex   

@article{pessoa_neuroimaging_2003,
	title = {Neuroimaging studies of attention: from modulation of sensory processing to top-down control},
	volume = {23},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12764083},
	doi = {10/ggks2r},
	number = {10},
	journal = {J Neurosci},
	author = {Pessoa, L. and Kastner, S. and Ungerleider, L.G.},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Animals, Attention/*physiology, Comparative Study, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods, Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology, Neurons, Afferent/*physiology/radionuclide imaging, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Tomography, Emission-Computed/*methods, Visual Cortex/physiology/radionuclide imaging},
	pages = {3990--8},
}

@Article{VanMarle2003,
  author   = {Kristy VanMarle and Brian J Scholl},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Attentive tracking of objects versus substances.},
  year     = {2003},
  number   = {5},
  pages    = {498-504},
  volume   = {14},
  abstract = {Recent research in vision science, infant cognition, and word learning
	suggests a special role for the processing of discrete objects. But
	what counts as an object? Answers to this question often depend on
	contrasting object-based processing with the processing of spatial
	areas or unbound visual features. In infant cognition and word learning,
	though, another salient contrast has been between rigid cohesive
	objects and nonsolid substances. Whereas objects may move from one
	location to another, a nonsolid substance must pour from one location
	to another. In the study reported here, we explored whether attentive
	tracking processes are sensitive to dynamic information of this type.
	Using a multiple-object tracking task, we found that subjects could
	easily track four items in a display of eight identical unpredictably
	moving entities that moved as discrete objects from one location
	to another, but could not track similar entities that noncohesively
	"poured" from one location to another-even when the items in both
	conditions followed the same trajectories at the same speeds. Other
	conditions revealed that this inability to track multiple "substances"
	stemmed not from violations of rigidity or cohesiveness per se, because
	subjects were able to track multiple noncohesive collections and
	multiple nonrigid deforming objects. Rather, the impairment was due
	to the dynamic extension and contraction during the substancelike
	motion, which rendered the location of the entity ambiguous. These
	results demonstrate a convergence between processes of midlevel adult
	vision and infant cognition, and in general help to clarify what
	can count as a persisting dynamic object of attention.},
  keywords = {Abscess, Adult, Age Factors, Animal, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimony Sodium Gluconate, Antineoplastic Agents, Antiviral Agents, Attention, Awareness, Axilla, Behavior, Biopsy, Bone and Bones, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child Development, Chronic Disease, Clarithromycin, Cognition, Combined Modality Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Concept Formation, Consciousness, Cross Infection, Cues, Cytomegalovirus Infections, Discrimination (Psychology), Discrimination Learning, Distance Perception, Drainage, Ductal, Electrocoagulation, English Abstract, Extramural, Eye Movements, False Negative Reactions, Female, Field Dependence-Independence, Fine-Needle, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Health Care, Humans, Infant, Infant Behavior, Intervertebral Disk, Intraductal, Judgment, Legionnaires' Disease, Leishmaniasis, Liver Transplantation, Low Back Pain, Lumbar Vertebrae, Lymph Node Excision, Lymph Nodes, Lymphatic Metastasis, Macaca mulatta, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mastitis, Memory, Middle Aged, Motion Perception, N.I.H., Neoadjuvant Therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, Noninfiltrating, Object Attachment, Optical Illusions, Orientation, Osteonecrosis, P.H.S., Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Postoperative Complications, Practice (Psychology), Practice Guidelines, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Prognosis, Psychological Theory, Psychophysics, Puerperal Disorders, Quality Assurance, Reading, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, Rotation, Schistosomicides, Semantics, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Set (Psychology), Short-Term, Space Perception, Surgery, Switzerland, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Unconscious (Psychology), Viral Load, Visceral, Visual, Visual Perception, 12930483},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{fan_cognitive_2003,
	title = {Cognitive and brain consequences of conflict},
	volume = {18},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12507442},
	doi = {10/bzckrx},
	abstract = {Tasks involving conflict between stimulus dimensions have been shown to activate dorsal anterior cingulate and prefrontal areas. It has been proposed that the dorsal anterior cingulate is involved a domain general process of monitoring conflict, while prefrontal areas are involved in resolving conflict. We examine three tasks that all require people to respond based on one stimulus dimension while ignoring another conflicting dimension, but which vary in the source of conflict. One of the tasks uses language stimuli (Stroop effect) and two use nonlanguage spatial conflicts appropriate for children and nonhuman animals. In Experiment 1, 12 participants were studied with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing each of the three tasks. Reaction times for each of the three tasks were significantly longer in the incongruent condition compared with the congruent condition, demonstrating that each task elicits a conflict. By studying the same people in the same session, we test the hypothesis that conflict activates a similar brain network in the three tasks. Significant activations were found in the anterior cingulate and left prefrontal cortex for all three conflict tasks. Within these regions, the conflict component demonstrated evidence for significant common activation across the three tasks, although the peak activation point and spatial extent were not identical. Other areas demonstrated activation unique to each task. Experiments 2-4 provide behavioral evidence indicating considerable independence between conflict operations involved in the tasks. The behavioral and fMRI results taken together seem to argue against a single unified network for processing conflict, but instead support either distinct networks for each conflict task or a single network that monitors conflict with different sites used to resolve the conflict.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Neuroimage},
	author = {Fan, J. and Flombaum, J.I. and McCandliss, B.D. and Thomas, K.M. and Posner, M.I.},
	year = {2003},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Conflict (Psychology), *Magnetic Resonance Imaging, *Reading, Adolescent, Adult, Attention/physiology, Brain Mapping, Color Perception/*physiology, Female, Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Laterality/physiology, Male, Nerve Net/*physiology, Orientation/*physiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology, Problem Solving/*physiology, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Reaction Time/physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.},
	pages = {42--57},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Identification of multiple loci for Alzheimer disease in a consanguineous Israeli-Arab community},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Alleles,Alzheimer Disease/*genetics,Arabs,Chromosome Mapping,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9,Consanguinity,Dementia, Vascular/*genetics,Female,Gene Frequency,Genetic Markers,Genome, Human,Genotype,Heterozygote,Homozygote,Human,Israel,Linkage (Genetics),Lod Score,Male,Models, Genetic,Sequence Analysis, DNA,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {415-422},
 volume = {12},
 id = {cf9eab61-8a7f-38db-bc5f-f874a28d4f14},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:46.336Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:46.466Z},
 tags = {04/01/19},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {We have observed an unusually high prevalence of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) in Wadi Ara, an inbred Arab community in northern Israel comprising approximately 850 persons over the age of 60 years. Family studies revealed that more than one-third of the DAT cases are members of one hamula (tribal group) within Wadi Ara. To map chromosomal loci contributing to DAT susceptibility, we conducted a 10 cM scan in a series of five cases and five controls selected from this hamula. Markers from 18 chromosomal regions showed significant allelic association with DAT (P<0.05). Locations on chromosomes 2, 9 and 10 remained significant after testing additional affected and non-demented individuals. Significant associations were also observed for markers on chromosome 12 which overlap with a locus implicated in previous genome scans. Analysis of allele frequency distributions for 12 markers spanning 20 cM on chromosome 9 narrowed the possible location of an DAT susceptibility gene to a 13 cM interval between D9S157 and D9S259 (most significant result: P = 2.3 x 10(-7)). Analysis of 14 markers spanning 24 cM on chromosome 12 narrowed the possible location to a 14 cM interval distal to the LRP1 locus (most significant result: P = 1.3 x 10(-6)). Evidence for linkage on chromosome 9 stemmed primarily from excess homozygosity of marker alleles in cases compared with controls, suggesting that the gene at this location behaves in either a recessive or additive fashion. The unique characteristics of this community together with the emergent human genome data should allow for the rapid identification of DAT genes in these candidate regions.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Farrer, L A and Bowirrat, A and Friedland, R P and Waraska, K and Korczyn, A D and Baldwin, C T},
 journal = {Hum Mol Genet},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The Newfoundland population: a unique resource for genetic investigation of complex diseases},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Founder Effect,Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*genetics,Humans,Linkage Disequilibrium,Newfoundland,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {R167-72},
 volume = {12 Spec No},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12915452},
 id = {34260ac4-d189-380b-8915-f5843cf0047c},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:55.512Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:55.663Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0964-6906 (Print)<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review</m:note>},
 abstract = {The population of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador is genetically isolated. This isolation is evidenced by an overabundance of several monogenic disorders. The Newfoundland population, like that of other isolates, is now the focus of interest for identification of genes implicated in common diseases. However, the utility of such populations for this purpose remains unproven. In this paper, we review the current genetic architecture of the province, with respect to geographic isolation, homogeneity, founder effect, genetic drift and extended linkage disequilibrium. Based on these factors, we propose that the population of Newfoundland offers many advantages for genetic mapping of common diseases, compared with admixed populations, and even compared with other isolates.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rahman, P and Jones, A and Curtis, J and Bartlett, S and Peddle, L and Fernandez, B A and Freimer, N B},
 journal = {Hum Mol Genet}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Understanding the Determinants of Exceptional Longevity},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Longevity,Animals,Genes,Humans,Life Expectancy,Non-U.S. Gov't,P.H.S.,Phenotype,Research Support,U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {445-449},
 volume = {139},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12965974},
 id = {c5bf1b72-7d77-39e3-9bef-27367ae5c742},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:01.681Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:01.863Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>        <m:bold>From Duplicate 2 ( </m:bold>        <m:bold>          </m:bold><m:bold><m:italic>Understanding the determinants of exceptional longevity</m:italic></m:bold><m:bold>        </m:bold>        <m:bold> - Perls, T; Terry, D )<m:linebreak/>        </m:bold>        <m:linebreak/>1539-3704<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>        <m:linebreak/>      </m:note>},
 abstract = {Centenarians represent an extreme of life expectancy. They achieve their exceptional longevity in part by lacking genetic variations linked to premature death. Pedigree studies have shown a substantial familial component in the ability to survive to extreme old age, and a recent study demonstrated a locus on chromosome 4 linked to exceptional longevity, indicating the likely existence of at least one longevity-enabling gene in humans. The children of centenarians have markedly reduced relative risks for age-related diseases, particularly heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, and are a promising model for genetic and phenotypic studies of 1) aging slowly relative to the general population and 2) the delay of and perhaps escape from important age-related diseases. These studies and those of other mammals and lower organisms show great promise for the delineation of important environmental and genetic determinants of aging well.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Perls, Thomas and Terry, Dellara},
 journal = {Ann Intern Med},
 number = {5 Pt 2}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Predictors of mortality in 2,249 nonagenarians--the Danish 1905-Cohort Survey},
 type = {article},
 year = {2003},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Activities of Daily Living,Aged,Aged, 80 and over/*statistics & numerical data,Cohort Studies,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Geriatric Assessment,Humans,Interviews,Male,Mortality/*trends,Predictive Value of Tests,Proportional Hazards Models,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Risk Factors},
 pages = {1365-1373},
 volume = {51},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14511155},
 id = {fd707acd-8637-3890-90ca-bf1c90ed0a7a},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:56.028Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:56.207Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0002-8614<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {OBJECTIVES: : To elucidate whether well-known predictions of mortality are reduced or even reversed, or whether mortality is a stochastic process in the oldest old. DESIGN: : A multidimensional survey of the Danish 1905 cohort conducted in 1998 with follow-up of vital status after 15 months. SETTING: : Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: : All Danes born in 1905, irrespective of physical and mental status were approached. Two thousand two hundred sixty-two persons of 3,600 participated in this survey. MEASUREMENTS: : Professional interviewers collected data concerning sociodemographic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical and cognitive performance, and health during a visit at the participant's residency. Cox regression models were used to evaluate predictors of mortality. RESULTS: : Five hundred seventy-nine (25.7%) of the 2,249 participants eligible for the analysis died during the 15 months follow-up. Multivariate analyses showed that marital status, education, smoking, obesity, consumption of alcohol, and number of self-reported diseases were not associated with mortality. Disability and cognitive impairment were significant risk factors in men and women. In addition poor self-rated health was associated with an increase in mortality in women. CONCLUSION: : In the oldest old, several known predictors of mortality, such as sociodemographic factors, smoking, and obesity, have lost their importance, but a high disability level, poor physical and cognitive performance, and self-rated health (women only), predict mortality, which shows that mortality in the oldest old is not a stochastic process.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Nybo, H and Petersen, H C and Gaist, D and Jeune, B and Andersen, K and McGue, M and Vaupel, J W and Christensen, K},
 journal = {J Am Geriatr Soc},
 number = {10}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{pylyshyn_mental_2002,
	title = {Mental imagery: in search of a theory},
	volume = {25},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12744144},
	doi = {10/dsk54w},
	abstract = {It is generally accepted that there is something special about reasoning by using mental images. The question of how it is special, however, has never been satisfactorily spelled out, despite more than thirty years of research in the post-behaviorist tradition. This article considers some of the general motivation for the assumption that entertaining mental images involves inspecting a picture-like object. It sets out a distinction between phenomena attributable to the nature of mind to what is called the cognitive architecture, and ones that are attributable to tacit knowledge used to simulate what would happen in a visual situation. With this distinction in mind, the paper then considers in detail the widely held assumption that in some important sense images are spatially displayed or are depictive, and that examining images uses the same mechanisms that are deployed in visual perception. I argue that the assumption of the spatial or depictive nature of images is only explanatory if taken literally, as a claim about how images are physically instantiated in the brain, and that the literal view fails for a number of empirical reasons--for example, because of the cognitive penetrability of the phenomena cited in its favor. Similarly, while it is arguably the case that imagery and vision involve some of the same mechanisms, this tells us very little about the nature of mental imagery and does not support claims about the pictorial nature of mental images. Finally, I consider whether recent neuroscience evidence clarifies the debate over the nature of mental images. I claim that when such questions as whether images are depictive or spatial are formulated more clearly, the evidence does not provide support for the picture-theory over a symbol-structure theory of mental imagery. Even if all the empirical claims were true, they do not warrant the conclusion that many people have drawn from them: that mental images are depictive or are displayed in some (possibly cortical) space. Such a conclusion is incompatible with what is known about how images function in thought. We are then left with the provisional counterintuitive conclusion that the available evidence does not support rejection of what I call the "null hypothesis"; namely, that reasoning with mental images involves the same form of representation and the same processes as that of reasoning in general, except that the content or subject matter of thoughts experienced as images includes information about how things would look.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Behavioral and Brain Sciences},
	author = {Pylyshyn, Z.W.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {*Psychological Theory, Awareness/physiology, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Concept Formation/physiology, Human, Imagination/*physiology, Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology, Reproducibility of Results, Space Perception/*physiology, Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Thinking/*physiology, Visual Pathways/physiology},
	pages = {157--182; discussion 182--237},
}

@Article{Taylor2002,
  author   = {Dawn M Taylor and Stephen I Helms Tillery and Andrew B Schwartz},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Direct cortical control of 3{D} neuroprosthetic devices.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {5574},
  pages    = {1829-32},
  volume   = {296},
  abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) movement of neuroprosthetic devices can be
	controlled by the activity of cortical neurons when appropriate algorithms
	are used to decode intended movement in real time. Previous studies
	assumed that neurons maintain fixed tuning properties, and the studies
	used subjects who were unaware of the movements predicted by their
	recorded units. In this study, subjects had real-time visual feedback
	of their brain-controlled trajectories. Cell tuning properties changed
	when used for brain-controlled movements. By using control algorithms
	that track these changes, subjects made long sequences of 3D movements
	using far fewer cortical units than expected. Daily practice improved
	movement accuracy and the directional tuning of these units.},
  doi      = {10.1126/science.1070291},
  keywords = {Algorithms, Animals, Arm, Computer Simulation, Hand, Humans, Learning, Macaca mulatta, Motor Cortex, Motor Neurons, Movement, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Prostheses and Implants, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, User-Computer Interface, Visual Perception, 12052943},
}

@article{Weber2002,
  title = {Building an Asynchronous Web-Based Tool for Machine Learning Classification.},
  author = {Weber, Griffin and Vinterbo, Staal and {Ohno-Machado}, Lucila},
  year = {2002},
  journal = {JAMIA},
  volume = {Suppl. S},
  pages = {869--73},
  abstract = {Various unsupervised and supervised learning methods including support vector machines, classification trees, linear discriminant analysis and nearest neighbor classifiers have been used to classify high-throughput gene expression data. Simpler and more widely accepted statistical tools have not yet been used for this purpose, hence proper comparisons between classification methods have not been conducted. We developed free software that implements logistic regression with stepwise variable selection as a quick and simple method for initial exploration of important genetic markers in disease classification. To implement the algorithm and allow our collaborators in remote locations to evaluate and compare its results against those of other methods, we developed a user-friendly asynchronous web-based application with a minimal amount of programming using free, downloadable software tools. With this program, we show that classification using logistic regression can perform as well as other more sophisticated algorithms, and it has the advantages of being easy to interpret and reproduce. By making the tool freely and easily available, we hope to promote the comparison of classification methods. In addition, we believe our web application can be used as a model for other bioinformatics laboratories that need to develop web-based analysis tools in a short amount of time and on a limited budget.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  pii = {D020001919},
  pubmedid = {12463949},
  keywords = {12463949,Algorithms,Anonymous Testing,Artificial Intelligence,Carcinoma,Child,Comparative Study,Computerized,Confidentiality,Databases,Diagnosis,Differential,Disclosure,DNA,Gene Expression,Gene Expression Profiling,Gene Expression Regulation,Genetic Markers,Humans,Internet,Logistic Models,Lung Neoplasms,Medical Records Systems,Multivariate Analysis,Neoplasm,Neoplasms,Neoplastic,Neural Networks (Computer),Non-U.S. Gov't,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,P.H.S.,Privacy,Research Support,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Sarcoma,Small Cell,Software,U.S. Gov't},
  file = {/Users/staal/Documents/Zotero/storage/26TPF5RW/amia02-weber.pdf;/Users/staal/Documents/Zotero/storage/FRPABBPG/amia02-weber.pdf;/Users/staal/Documents/Zotero/storage/GME7HZA7/amia02-weber.pdf}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Linkage disequilibrium and the mapping of complex human traits},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Linkage Disequilibrium,Chromosome Mapping,Genetics, Population,Genome, Human,Haplotypes,Human,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {19-24},
 volume = {18},
 id = {7d822191-046f-3d40-ba67-325d8361f589},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:30.585Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:30.763Z},
 tags = {03/07/22},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {The potential value of haplotypes defined by several single nucleotide polymorphisms has attracted recent interest. With sufficient linkage disequilibrium (LD), haplotypes could be used in association studies to map common alleles that might influence the susceptibility to common diseases, as well as for reconstructing the evolution of the genome. It has been proposed that a globally useful resource need only be based on high frequency variants, identified from a few modest samples. Rapid progress has been made in quantifying the pattern of human LD and haplotypes defined by such common variants within and among populations. However, the quality and utility of the proposed LD-based resource could be seriously compromised if important sampling and analytical factors are overlooked in its design. The LD map should be based on adequately justified criteria defined by sound population genetic principles.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Weiss, K M and Clark, A G},
 journal = {Trends Genet},
 number = {1}
}

@article{Ohno-Machado2002,
  title = {Comparing Imperfect Measurements with the {{Bland-Altman}} Technique: Application in Gene Expression Analysis.},
  author = {{Ohno-Machado}, Lucila and Vinterbo, Staal and Dreiseitl, Stephen and Jenssen, Tor-Kristian and Kuo, Winston},
  year = {2002},
  journal = {JAMIA},
  volume = {Suppl. S},
  pages = {572--6},
  abstract = {Several problems in medicine and biology involve the comparison of two measurements made on the same set of cases. The problem differs from a calibration problem because no gold standard can be identified. Testing the null hypothesis of no relationship using measures of association is not optimal since the measurements are made on the same cases, and therefore correlation coefficients will tend to be significant. The descriptive Bland-Altman method can be used in exploratory analysis of this problem, allowing the visualization of gross systematic differences between the two sets of measurements. We utilize the method on three sets of matched observations and demonstrate its usefulness in detecting systematic variations between two measurement technologies to assess gene expression.},
  copyright = {All rights reserved},
  pii = {1833},
  pubmedid = {12463888},
  keywords = {12463888,Algorithms,Anonymous Testing,Artificial Intelligence,Bias (Epidemiology),Carcinoma,Child,Comparative Study,Computational Biology,Computerized,Confidentiality,Data Interpretation,Databases,Diagnosis,Differential,Disclosure,DNA,Gene Expression,Gene Expression Profiling,Gene Expression Regulation,Genetic Markers,Humans,Internet,Logistic Models,Lung Neoplasms,Medical Records Systems,Messenger,Multivariate Analysis,Neoplasm,Neoplasms,Neoplastic,Neural Networks (Computer),Non-U.S. Gov't,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis,P.H.S.,Privacy,Research Support,Rhabdomyosarcoma,RNA,Sarcoma,Small Cell,Software,Statistical,U.S. Gov't}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sapir_attending_2002,
	title = {Attending to the thalamus: inhibition of return and nasal-temporal asymmetry in the pulvinar},
	volume = {13},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11973472},
	doi = {10/fp2pbz},
	abstract = {Inhibition of return (IOR) is a mechanism whereby the attentional system favors novel locations by inhibiting already scanned ones. An important question is what the neural structures are involved. Recently, we studied a patient with damage to the superior colliculus (SC) and concluded that the SC generates IOR. However, it is possible that IOR is generated beyond the colliculus, for example, by the pulvinar. In this paper we tested three patients with unilateral damage to the pulvinar and demonstrated that the pulvinar is not necessary for IOR generation, providing additional support to the suggestion that the SC generates IOR. In addition, since we used monocular presentation, we were able to furnish behavioral evidence for nasal-temporal asymmetrical representation of visual input in the pulvinar.},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Neuroreport},
	author = {Sapir, A. and Rafal, R. and Henik, A.},
	year = {2002},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Inhibition (Psychology), Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Laterality/physiology, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Inhibition/physiology, Photic Stimulation/methods, Pulvinar/*injuries/*physiology, Reaction Time/physiology, Reproducibility of Results, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Superior Colliculus/physiology, Thalamus/*physiology, Visual Fields/physiology},
	pages = {693--7},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Do children of long-lived parents age more successfully?},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Distribution,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Aging/*genetics/*physiology,Cognition/physiology,Cross-Sectional Studies,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Genetics, Population,Hand Strength/physiology,Health Status,Humans,Interviews,Male,Middle Aged,Nuclear Family,Odds Ratio,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {334-339},
 volume = {13},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11964936},
 id = {d2c3d7a4-58f6-3e99-95c4-c6ccb4863013},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.345Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.443Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1044-3983<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Meta-Analysis</m:note>},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long-lived individuals are rare and may be selected in part for the genetic factors that promote successful aging. The children of long-lived parents may therefore age more successfully than the children of short-lived parents. METHODS: We used three major cross-sectional population-based surveys to study the association of parental longevity with successful aging in offspring. The measures of aging were hand-grip strength, cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination and a cognitive composite score), self-reported diseases, and self-rated health. RESULTS: For every additional 10 years the parents lived, their children's grip strength increased by 0.32 kg (95% CI = 0.00-0.63), Mini Mental State Examination score by 0.20 points (95% CI = 0.03-0.37), and cognitive composite score by 0.24 points (95% CI = 0.07-0.40). A 10-year increment of parental life was associated with a reduction by approximately 0.20 in the adjusted odds ratio for their children having each of the following conditions: diabetes; hypertension; ischemic heart disease; heart failure; stroke; or fair, poor, or very poor self-rated health. Almost all the effects were seen solely in the cohort of 70+-year-olds, but not among middle-aged or nonagenarian subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Parental life span is positively associated with the children's physical and cognitive functioning and avoidance of some of the common chronic diseases. However, the effects are small and are seen among offspring who are elderly, but not among the middle-aged or the oldest old.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Frederiksen, H and McGue, M and Jeune, B and Gaist, D and Nybo, H and Skytthe, A and Vaupel, J W and Christensen, K},
 journal = {Epidemiology},
 number = {3}
}

@Article{Gawne2002,
  author   = {Timothy J Gawne and Julie M Martin},
  journal  = {J Neurophysiol},
  title    = {Responses of primate visual cortical {V}4 neurons to simultaneously presented stimuli.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {1128-35},
  volume   = {88},
  abstract = {We report here results from 45 primate V4 visual cortical neurons
	to the preattentive presentations of seven different patterns located
	in two separate areas of the same receptive field and to combinations
	of the patterns in the two locations. For many neurons, we could
	not determine any clear relationship for the responses to two simultaneous
	stimuli. However, for a substantial fraction of the neurons we found
	that the firing rate was well modeled as the maximum firing rate
	of each stimulus presented separately. It has previously been proposed
	that taking the maximum of the inputs ("MAX" operator) could be a
	useful operation for neurons in visual cortex, although there has
	until now been little direct physiological evidence for this hypothesis.
	Our results here provide direct support for the hypothesis that the
	MAX operator plays a significant (although certainly not exclusive)
	role in generating the receptive field properties of visual cortical
	neurons.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, 12205134},
}

@Article{Pinker2002a,
  author   = {Steven Pinker and Michael T Ullman},
  journal  = {Trends Cogn Sci},
  title    = {The past and future of the past tense.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {11},
  pages    = {456-463},
  volume   = {6},
  abstract = {What is the interaction between storage and computation in language
	processing? What is the psychological status of grammatical rules?
	What are the relative strengths of connectionist and symbolic models
	of cognition? How are the components of language implemented in the
	brain? The English past tense has served as an arena for debates
	on these issues. We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms
	are stored in the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas
	regular forms can be computed by a concatenation rule, which requires
	the procedural system. Irregulars have the psychological, linguistic
	and neuropsychological signatures of lexical memory, whereas regulars
	often have the signatures of grammatical processing. Furthermore,
	because regular inflection is rule-driven, speakers can apply it
	whenever memory fails.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, 12457895},
}

@Article{Freedman2002,
  author   = {David J Freedman and Maximilian Riesenhuber and Tomaso Poggio and Earl K Miller},
  journal  = {J Neurophysiol},
  title    = {Visual categorization and the primate prefrontal cortex: {N}europhysiology and behavior.},
  year     = {2002},
  number   = {2},
  pages    = {929-41},
  volume   = {88},
  abstract = {The ability to group stimuli into meaningful categories is a fundamental
	cognitive process. To explore its neuronal basis, we trained monkeys
	to categorize computer-generated stimuli as "cats" and "dogs." A
	morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and
	precisely define a category boundary. Psychophysical testing and
	analysis of eye movements suggest that the monkeys categorized the
	stimuli by attending to multiple stimulus features. Neuronal activity
	in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflected the category of visual
	stimuli and changed with learning when a monkey was retrained with
	the same stimuli assigned to new categories. Further, many neurons
	showed activity that appeared to reflect the monkey's decision about
	whether two stimuli were from the same category or not. These results
	suggest that the lateral prefrontal cortex is an important part of
	the neuronal circuitry underlying category learning and category-based
	behaviors.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, 12163542},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Markers that discriminate between European and African ancestry show limited variation within Africa},
 type = {article},
 year = {2002},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Genetic Markers,*Variation (Genetics),Africa/ethnology,Europe/ethnology,Humans,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {566-569},
 volume = {111},
 id = {05e38c8d-1555-3384-9aa8-a0bffad707ac},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:10.325Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:10.477Z},
 tags = {04/12/23},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Markers informative for ancestry are necessary for admixture mapping and improving case-control association analyses. In particular, African Americans are an admixed population for which genetic studies require accurately evaluating admixture. This will require markers that can be used in African Americans to determine if a given genomic region is of European or African ancestry. This report shows that, despite studies indicating high intra-African sequence variation, markers with large inter-ethnic differences have only small variations in allele distribution among divergent African populations and should be valuable for evaluating admixture in complex disease genetic studies.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Collins-Schramm, H E and Kittles, R A and Operario, D J and Weber, J L and Criswell, L A and Cooper, R S and Seldin, M F},
 journal = {Hum Genet},
 number = {6}
}

@Article{Wolff2001,
  author   = {C Wolff and E Schr\"oger},
  journal  = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res},
  title    = {Activation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system by tone repetitions with fast stimulation rate.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {323-7},
  volume   = {10},
  abstract = {The human automatic pre-attentive change detection system indexed
	by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related
	brain potential is known to be highly adaptive. The present study
	showed that even infrequent repetitions of tones can elicit MMN,
	independently of attention, when tones of varying frequency are rapidly
	presented in an isochronous rhythm. This demonstrates that frequency
	variation can be extracted as an invariant feature of the acoustic
	environment revealing the capacity for adaptation of the auditory
	pre-attentive change detection system. It is argued that this capacity
	is related to the temporal-window of integration.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, Broca, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, X-Ray Computed, 11167055},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {After BRCA1 and BRCA2-what next? Multifactorial segregation analyses of three-generation, population-based Australian families affected by female breast cancer},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Age Factors,Age of Onset,Australia,BRCA1 Protein/*genetics,BRCA2 Protein,Breast Neoplasms/*genetics,Cohort Studies,Family Health,Female,Heterozygote,Human,Male,Models, Genetic,Molecular Sequence Data,Mutation,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Pedigree,Probability,Risk Factors,Statistics,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {420-31.},
 volume = {68},
 id = {23f12ce0-3889-312a-be6e-926c320ad4f9},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:18.919Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:19.048Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 that cause a dominantly inherited high risk of female breast cancer seem to explain only a small proportion of the aggregation of the disease. To study the possible additional genetic components, we conducted single-locus and two-locus segregation analyses, with and without a polygenic background, using three-generation families ascertained through 858 women with breast cancer diagnosed at age <40 years, ascertained through population cancer registries in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. Extensive testing for deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, to date, has identified 34 carriers. Our analysis suggested that, after other possible unmeasured familial factors are adjusted for and the known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are excluded, there appears to be a residual dominantly inherited risk of female breast cancer in addition to that derived from mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. This study also suggests that there is a substantial recessively inherited risk of early-onset breast cancer. According to the best-fitting model, after excluding known carriers of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, about 1/250 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1/500 to 1/125) women have a recessive risk of 86% (95% CI 69%-100%) by age 50 years and of almost 100% by age 60 years. Possible reasons that our study has implicated a novel strong recessive effect include our inclusion of data on lineal aunts and grandmothers, study of families ascertained through women with early-onset breast cancer, allowance for multiple familial factors in the analysis, and removal of families for whom the cause (i.e., BRCA1 or BRCA2) is known. Our findings may have implications for attempts to identify new breast cancer-susceptibility genes.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cui, J and Antoniou, A C and Dite, G S and Southey, M C and Venter, D J and Easton, D F and Giles, G G and McCredie, M R and Hopper, J L},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {2}
}

@ARTICLE{Hunt2001,
  author = {RH Hunt and Richard N Aslin},
  title = {Statistical learning in a serial reaction time task: {A}ccess to
	separable statistical cues by individual learners.},
  journal = {J Exp Psychol Gen},
  year = {2001},
  volume = {130},
  pages = {658-80},
  number = {4},
  abstract = {The ability of adult learners to exploit the joint and conditional
	probabilities in a serial reaction time task containing both deterministic
	and probabilistic information was investigated. Learners used the
	statistical information embedded in a continuous input stream to
	improve their performance for certain transitions by simultaneously
	exploiting differences in the predictability of 2 or more underlying
	statistics. Analysis of individual learners revealed that although
	most acquired the underlying statistical structure veridically, others
	used an alternate strategy that was partially predictive of the sequences.
	The findings show that learners possess a robust learning device
	well suited to exploiting the relative predictability of more than
	I source of statistical information at the same time. This work expands
	on previous studies of statistical learning, as well as studies of
	artificial grammar learning and implicit sequence learning.},
  keywords = {Adult, Cues, Female, Human, Learning, Male, Reaction Time, Statistics,
	Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., 11757874}
}

@Article{Fiser2001,
  author   = {J Fiser and Richard N Aslin},
  journal  = {Psychol Sci},
  title    = {Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {6},
  pages    = {499-504},
  volume   = {12},
  abstract = {Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract
	the joint and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences during
	passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that
	statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic,
	as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particularfeatures
	of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency,
	subjects acquired in parallel several different higher-order aspects
	of the statistical structure of the displays, including absolute
	shape-position relations in an array, shape-pair arrangements independent
	of position, and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences.
	Unsupervised learning of these higher-order statistics provides support
	for Barlow's theory of visual recognition, which posits that detecting
	"suspicious coincidences" of elements during recognition is a necessary
	prerequisite for efficient learning of new visual features.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, 11760138},
}

@Article{Scholl2001b,
  author   = {B. J. Scholl},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {Objects and attention: {T}he state of the art.},
  year     = {2001},
  number   = {1-2},
  pages    = {1-46},
  volume   = {80},
  abstract = {What are the units of attention? In addition to standard models holding
	that attention can select spatial regions and visual features, recent
	work suggests that in some cases attention can directly select discrete
	objects. This paper reviews the state of the art with regard to such
	'object-based' attention, and explores how objects of attention relate
	to locations, reference frames, perceptual groups, surfaces, parts,
	and features. Also discussed are the dynamic aspects of objecthood,
	including the question of how attended objects are individuated in
	time, and the possibility of attending to simple dynamic motions
	and events. The final sections of this review generalize these issues
	beyond vision science, to other modalities and fields such as auditory
	objects of attention and the infant's 'object concept'.},
  keywords = {80 and over, Adenoviridae, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Attention, Auditory Perception, Biopsy, Bone Nails, Bone Neoplasms, Bone Screws, Bone Transplantation, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Child, Child Development, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Comparative Study, Concept Formation, Constriction, Esophageal Neoplasms, Female, Femoral Neck Fractures, Femoral Neoplasms, Femur Head, Femur Neck, Fibula, Follow-Up Studies, Fracture Fixation, Fractures, Gene Expression, Gene Transfer Techniques, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hepatitis, Homologous, Humans, Inbred Strains, Infant, Injections, Internal, Intramedullary, Intravenous, Judgment, Knee Joint, Liver, Luminescent Proteins, Male, Meta-Analysis, Middle Aged, Models, Motion, Motion Perception, Needle, Neoplasms, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Perceptual Distortion, Portal Vein, Preschool, Problem Solving, Psychological, Radiation-Induced, Rats, Research Support, Retrospective Studies, Second Primary, Self Concept, Sensitivity and Specificity, Social Perception, Space Perception, Spontaneous, Squamous Cell, Students, Time Factors, Tomography, Transplantation, Treatment Outcome, U.S. Gov't, Visual Perception, X-Ray Computed, 11245838},
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Understanding human disease mutations through the use of interspecific genetic variation},
 type = {article},
 year = {2001},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Evolution, Molecular,Amino Acids/genetics,Animals,Cattle,Cricetinae,Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulato,Databases, Nucleic Acid,Eye Proteins/genetics,Gene Frequency,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/genetics,Homeodomain Proteins/genetics,Humans,Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex,Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics,Mice,Mutation,Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics,Paired Box Transcription Factors,Phenylalanine Hydroxylase/genetics,Phylogeny,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide,Rats,Repressor Proteins/genetics,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Species Specificity,Tumor Suppressor Proteins,Variation (Genetics)},
 pages = {2319-2328},
 volume = {10},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11689479},
 id = {615db8bf-ae06-347d-a726-890771c0ab9a},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:46:04.109Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:46:04.233Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0964-6906 (Print)<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Data on replacement mutations in genes of disease patients exist in a variety of online resources. In addition, genome sequencing projects and individual gene sequencing efforts have led to the identification of disease gene homologs in diverse metazoan species. The availability of these two types of information provides unique opportunities to investigate factors that are important in the development of genetically based disease by contrasting long and short-term molecular evolutionary patterns. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of disease-associated human genetic variation for seven disease genes: the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the neural cell adhesion molecule L1, phenylalanine hydroxylase, paired box 6, the X-linked retinoschisis gene and TSC2/tuberin. Our analyses indicate that disease mutations show definite patterns when examined from an evolutionary perspective. Human replacement mutations resulting in disease are overabundant at amino acid positions most conserved throughout the long-term history of metazoans. In contrast, human polymorphic replacement mutations and silent mutations are randomly distributed across sites with respect to the level of conservation of amino acid sites within genes. Furthermore, disease-causing amino acid changes are of types usually not observed among species. Using Grantham's chemical difference matrix, we find that amino acid changes observed in disease patients are far more radical than the variation found among species and in non-diseased humans. Overall, our results demonstrate the usefulness of evolutionary analyses for understanding patterns of human disease mutations and underscore the biomedical significance of sequence data currently being generated from various model organism genome sequencing projects.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Miller, M P and Kumar, S},
 journal = {Hum Mol Genet},
 number = {21}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{sarter_cognitive_2001,
	title = {The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention: where top-down meets bottom-up},
	volume = {35},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11336780},
	abstract = {The psychological construct 'sustained attention' describes a fundamental component of attention characterized by the subject's readiness to detect rarely and unpredictably occurring signals over prolonged periods of time. Human imaging studies have demonstrated that activation of frontal and parietal cortical areas, mostly in the right hemisphere, are associated with sustained attention performance. Animal neuroscientific research has focused on cortical afferent systems, particularly on the cholinergic inputs originating in the basal forebrain, as crucial components of the neuronal network mediating sustained attentional performance. Sustained attention performance-associated activation of the basal forebrain corticopetal cholinergic system is conceptualized as a component of the 'top-down' processes initiated by activation of the 'anterior attention system' and designed to mediate knowledge-driven detection and selection of target stimuli. Activated cortical cholinergic inputs facilitate these processes, particularly under taxing attentional conditions, by enhancing cortical sensory and sensory-associational information processing, including the filtering of noise and distractors. Collectively, the findings from human and animal studies provide the basis for a relatively precise description of the neuronal circuits mediating sustained attention, and the dissociation between these circuits and those mediating the 'arousal' components of attention.},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Behavioral Brain Research},
	author = {Sarter, M. and Givens, B. and Bruno, J.P.},
	year = {2001},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Animals, Attention/*physiology, Basal Nucleus of Meynert/cytology/physiology, Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology, Cholinergic Fibers/physiology/ultrastructure, Cognition/*physiology, Humans, Neural Pathways/cytology/*physiology, Neurons/cytology/physiology, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., ⛔ No DOI found},
	pages = {146--160},
}

@Article{Thoroughman2000,
  author   = {KA Thoroughman and R Shadmehr},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives.},
  year     = {2000},
  number   = {6805},
  pages    = {742-7},
  volume   = {407},
  abstract = {Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental
	challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements
	through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive
	is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms
	desired limb trajectories into motor commands. Theoretical studies
	have shown that a system's ability to learn action depends on the
	shape of its primitives. Using a time-series analysis of error patterns,
	here we show that humans learn the dynamics of reaching movements
	through a flexible combination of primitives that have gaussian-like
	tuning functions encoding hand velocity. The wide tuning of the inferred
	primitives predicts limitations on the brain's ability to represent
	viscous dynamics. We find close agreement between the predicted limitations
	and the subjects' adaptation to new force fields. The mathematical
	properties of the derived primitives resemble the tuning curves of
	Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The activity of these cells may
	encode primitives that underlie the learning of dynamics.},
  doi      = {10.1038/35037588},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, 11048700},
}

@article{
 title = {Founder BRCA1 mutations and two novel germline BRCA2 mutations in breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Founder Effect,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,BRCA1 Protein/*genetics,BRCA2 Protein,Breast Neoplasms/*genetics,Female,Genetic Markers/genetics,Germ-Line Mutation/*genetics,Human,Male,Middle Age,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics,Poland,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {480-1.},
 volume = {15},
 id = {fffeb98c-4cdd-3ed3-a41a-4a351d41efdd},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.272Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:22.379Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes account for the majority of high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families, depending on the population studied. Previously, BRCA1 mutations were described in women from Western Poland. To further characterize the spectrum of BRCA1 mutations and the impact of BRCA2 mutations in Poland, we have analyzed 25 high-risk breast and/or ovarian cancer families from North-Eastern Poland for mutations in all coding exons of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, using combined heteroduplex analysis/SSCP followed by direct DNA sequence analysis. Out of 25 probands a total of five (20%) carried three recurrent BRCA1 mutations (300T>G, 3819del5, 5382insC). The 300T>G mutation accounted for 60% (3/5) of BRCA1 mutations and allelotyping suggested a common founder of this mutation. No unique mutations were found. In addition, we identified three BRCA2 (12%) mutations, one recurrent 4075delGT, and two novel frameshift mutations, 7327ins/dupl19 and 9068delA. We conclude that 30% of high-risk families from North-Eastern Poland may be due to recurrent BRCA1 and unique BRCA2 mutations. Intriguingly, the BRCA1 mutation spectrum seems to be different within subregions of Poland.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {van Der Looij, M and Wysocka, B and Brozek, I and Jassem, J and Limon, J and Olah, E},
 journal = {Hum Mutat},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Why are the majority of hereditary cases of early-onset breast cancer sporadic? A simulation study},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Adult,Age Distribution,Age of Onset,Aged,Australia/epidemiology,Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/ethnology/*genetics,Computer Simulation,Family Health,Female,Gene Frequency,Genes, BRCA1,Great Britain/epidemiology,Human,Jews/statistics & numerical data,Middle Age,Models, Genetic,Mutation,Pedigree,Prevalence,Singapore/epidemiology,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Washington/epidemiology},
 pages = {805-12.},
 volume = {9},
 id = {373ef46c-3714-3339-8c8d-5b9047cf28e7},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:21.419Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:21.571Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Population-based studies, including those of Ashkenazi Jews, have observed that at least 50% of women with early-onset breast cancer who carry a germ line mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 do not report a family history of the disease. That is, the majority of "hereditary" cases are "sporadic." Furthermore, the great majority of "familial breast cancers" are not hereditary. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the probability that a woman with early-onset breast cancer is a mutation carrier, given the number of affected relatives, for a range of plausible values of allele frequency (0.001-0.01), and increased risk in mutation carriers (5-20, equivalent to cumulative risks to age 70 of 25-70%, respectively, for Australian women). Families consisted of a case proband and her mother, sisters, and maternal and paternal grandmothers, and aunts. The numbers of sisters and aunts were generated according to Poisson distributions, and ages were assigned according to a Weibull distribution. The simulated distributions of family history and of the prevalence of mutation carriers among case probands were in general similar to those observed in population-based studies, although there was a suggestion of heterogeneity of breast cancer risk in mutation carriers. As is being observed empirically in population-based samples, a family history of breast cancer was not a strong predictor of mutation status; each affected female relative increased the risk of being a mutation carrier by only 2- to 3-fold. The probability of being a mutation carrier was generally low, except in families with extreme histories of breast cancer.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Cui, J and Hopper, J L},
 journal = {Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev},
 number = {8}
}

Paper  Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {The genetically isolated populations of Finland and sardinia may not be a panacea for linkage disequilibrium mapping of common disease genes},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18,*Linkage Disequilibrium,Chromosome Mapping,Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent/*genetics,Finland,Genotype,Human,Italy,Microsatellite Repeats,Polymorphism (Genetics),Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {320-3.},
 volume = {25},
 websites = {http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/ng/journal/v25/n3/full/ng0700_320.html,http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/ng/journal/v25/n3/abs/ng0700_320.html},
 id = {9844ac6c-5555-3386-a968-ad5f8216a4bf},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:56.225Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:56.367Z},
 tags = {01/11/30},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {The choice of which population to study in the mapping of common disease genes may be critical. Isolated founder populations, such as that found in Finland, have already proved extremely useful for mapping the genes for specific rare monogenic disorders and are being used in attempts to map the genes underlying common, complex diseases. But simulation results suggest that, under the common disease-common variant hypothesis, most isolated populations will prove no more useful for linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping of common disease genes than large outbred populations. There is very little empirical data to either support or refute this conclusion at present. Therefore, we evaluated LD between 21 common microsatellite polymorphisms on chromosome 18q21 in 2 genetic isolates (Finland and Sardinia) and compared the results with those observed in two mixed populations (United Kingdom and United States of America). Mean levels of LD were similar across all four populations. Our results provide empirical support for the expectation that genetic isolates like Finland and Sardinia will not prove significantly more valuable than general populations for LD mapping of common variants underlying complex disease.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Eaves, I A and Merriman, T R and Barber, R A and Nutland, S and Tuomilehto-Wolf, E and Tuomilehto, J and Cucca, F and Todd, J A},
 journal = {Nat Genet},
 number = {3}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Unique origin and specific ethnic distribution of the Friedreich ataxia GAA expansion},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Africa, Northern,Alleles,Asia,Caucasoid Race/genetics,Europe,Founder Effect,Friedreich Ataxia/*ethnology/*genetics,Genetic Markers,Haplotypes,Linkage (Genetics),Middle East,Mongoloid Race/genetics,Negroid Race/genetics,Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genet,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion/*genetics},
 pages = {2322-4.},
 volume = {54},
 id = {5299f87a-7768-396d-8ed8-bb9f69d6cfb1},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:59.384Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:59.530Z},
 tags = {02/02/06},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {The GAA triplet repeat expansion that causes Friedreich ataxia is found only in individuals of European, North African, Middle Eastern, or Indian origin (Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic speakers). Analysis of normal alleles of the GAA repeat and of closely linked markers suggests that expansions arose through a unique two-step process. A major implication of these findings is that Friedreich ataxia may not exist among sub-Saharan Africans, Amerindians, and people from China, Japan, and Southeast Asia.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Labuda, M and Labuda, D and Miranda, C and Poirier, J and Soong, B W and Barucha, N E and Pandolfo, M},
 journal = {Neurology},
 number = {12}
}

@Article{Hahn2000,
  author   = {U Hahn and RC Nakisa},
  journal  = {Cognit Psychol},
  title    = {German inflection: {S}ingle route or dual route?},
  year     = {2000},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {313-60},
  volume   = {41},
  abstract = {The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting
	theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al.
	(1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route
	account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues
	(Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional
	morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic rule route which
	deals with regular inflection and an associative memory component
	which deals with irregular inflection. This contrasts with single-route
	connectionist systems. We seek to counter supposed evidence for the
	dual-route account through large-scale simulations as well as through
	experimental data. We argue that, in its current form, the dual-route
	account is incapable of generating experimental data provided by
	Marcus et al. (1995) as support. Finally, we provide direct quantitative
	comparisons between single-route and dual-route models of German
	plural inflection and find single-route performance superior on these
	tests.},
  doi      = {10.1006/cogp.2000.0737},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, 11121259},
}

@article{
 title = {BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation analysis of 208 Ashkenazi Jewish women with ovarian cancer},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Founder Effect,Adult,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/genetics,DNA Mutational Analysis,Female,Gene Frequency/genetics,Genes, BRCA1/*genetics,Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics,Human,Incidence,Israel/epidemiology,Jews/*genetics,Male,Middle Age,Mutation/*genetics,Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics,Neoplasm Staging,North America/epidemiology,Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology/*genetics/mortality,Pedigree,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Transcription Factors/*genetics},
 pages = {1259-72.},
 volume = {66},
 id = {0003dfc0-1df4-3102-829c-0f2e888b6744},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.120Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:32.249Z},
 tags = {01/11/30},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Multicenter Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Ovarian cancer is a component of the autosomal-dominant hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome and may be due to a mutation in either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Two mutations in BRCA1 (185delAG and 5382insC) and one mutation in BRCA2 (6174delT) are common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. One of these three mutations is present in approximately 2% of the Jewish population. Each mutation is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer, and it is expected that a significant proportion of Jewish women with ovarian cancer will carry one of these mutations. To estimate the proportion of ovarian cancers attributable to founding mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the Jewish population and the familial cancer risks associated with each, we interviewed 213 Jewish women with ovarian cancer at 11 medical centers in North America and Israel and offered these women genetic testing for the three founder mutations. To establish the presence of nonfounder mutations in this population, we also completed the protein-truncation test on exon 11 of BRCA1 and exons 10 and 11 of BRCA2. We obtained a detailed family history on all women we studied who had cancer and on a control population of 386 Ashkenazi Jewish women without ovarian or breast cancer. A founder mutation was present in 41.3% of the women we studied. The cumulative incidence of ovarian cancer to age 75 years was found to be 6.3% for female first-degree relatives of the patients with ovarian cancer, compared with 2.0% for the female relatives of healthy controls (relative risk 3.2; 95% CI 1.5-6.8; P=.002). The relative risk to age 75 years for breast cancer among the female first-degree relatives was 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-3.0; P=.0001). Only one nonfounder mutation was identified (in this instance, in a woman of mixed ancestry), and the three founding mutations accounted for most of the observed excess risk of ovarian and breast cancer in relatives.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Moslehi, R and Chu, W and Karlan, B and Fishman, D and Risch, H and Fields, A and Smotkin, D and Ben-David, Y and Rosenblatt, J and Russo, D and Schwartz, P and Tung, N and Warner, E and Rosen, B and Friedman, J and Brunet, J S and Narod, S A},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {4}
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Gene Mapping in the 20th and 21st Centuries : Statistical Methods , Data Analysis, and Experimental Design},
 type = {article},
 year = {2000},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Data Interpretation,*Models,Algorithms,Chromosome Mapping/*methods/*trends,Environment,Forecasting,Genetic,Genetic Markers/genetics,Genetics,Genotype,Human,Likelihood Functions,Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics,Medical/*methods/*trends,Non-U.S. Gov't,P.H.S.,Pedigree,Phenotype,Quality of Life,Reproducibility of Results,Research Design/*trends,Statistical,Support,U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {63-132},
 volume = {72},
 id = {f667a7c8-144c-33b1-b2eb-5b9aac6d2875},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:01.817Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:02.064Z},
 tags = {02/11/15},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>        <m:bold>From Duplicate 2 ( </m:bold>        <m:bold>          </m:bold><m:bold><m:italic>Gene mapping in the 20th and 21st centuries: statistical methods, data analysis, and experimental design</m:italic></m:bold><m:bold>        </m:bold>        <m:bold> - Terwilliger, J D; Goring, H H )<m:linebreak/>        </m:bold>        <m:linebreak/>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Academic<m:linebreak/>        <m:linebreak/>      </m:note>},
 abstract = {In the 20th century geneticists began to unravel some of the simpler aspects of the etiology of inherited diseases in humans. The theory of linkage analysis was developed and applied long before the advent of molecular biology, but only the technological advances of the second half of the 20th century made large-scale gene mapping with a dense genome-spanning set of markers a reality. More recently, the primary topic of interest has shifted from simple Mendelian diseases, for which genotypes of some gene are the cause of disease, to more complex diseases, for which genotypes of some set of genes together with environmental factors merely alter the probability that an individual gets the disease, although individual factors are typically insufficient to cause the disease outright. To this end, a great deal of dogma has evolved about the best way to skin this cat, although to date success has been minimal with any approach. We postulate that the main reason for this is a lack of attention to experimental design. Once the data have been ascertained, the most powerful statistical methods will not be able to salvage an inappropriately designed study (Andersen 1990). Each phenotype and/or population mandates its own individually tailored study design to maximize the chances of successful gene mapping. We suggest that careful consideration of the available data from real genotype-phenotype correlation studies (as opposed to oversimplified theoretically tractable models), and the practical feasibility of different ascertainment schemes dictate how one should proceed. In this review we review the theory and practice of gene mapping at the close of the 20th century, showing that most methods of linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis are similar in a fundamental sense, with the differences being related more to study design and ascertainment than to technical details of the underlying statistical analysis. To this end, we propose a new focus in the field of statistical genetics that more explicitly highlights the primacy of study design as the means to increase power for gene mapping.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Terwilliger, Joseph D and Goring, Harald H H},
 journal = {Human Biology},
 number = {1}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{haaland_neural_2000,
	title = {Neural representations of skilled movement},
	volume = {123 ( Pt 11)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11050030},
	doi = {10/cbpsnh},
	abstract = {The frontal and parietal cortex are intimately involved in the representation of goal-directed movements, but the crucial neuroanatomical sites are not well established in humans. In order to identify these sites more precisely, we studied stroke patients who had the classic syndrome of ideomotor limb apraxia, which disrupts goal-directed movements, such as writing or brushing teeth. Patients with and without limb apraxia were identified by assessing errors imitating gestures and specifying a cut-off for apraxia relative to a normal control group. We then used MRI or CT for lesion localization and compared areas of overlap in those patients with and without limb apraxia. Patients with ideomotor limb apraxia had damage lateralized to a left hemispheric network involving the middle frontal gyrus and intraparietal sulcus region. Thus, the results revealed that discrete areas in the left hemisphere of humans are critical for control of complex goal-directed movements.},
	journal = {Brain},
	author = {Haaland, K.Y. and Harrington, D.L. and Knight, R.T.},
	year = {2000},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Aged, Apraxia, Ideomotor/*pathology/*physiopathology, Brain Injuries/complications/pathology/physiopathology, Cerebral Cortex/blood supply/*pathology/*physiopathology, Cerebrovascular Accident/complications/pathology/physiopathology, Extremities/innervation/physiopathology, Humans, Middle Aged, Motor Skills/*physiology, Movement/*physiology, Neural Pathways/pathology/*physiopathology, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {2306--13},
}

@Article{Eimas1999,
  author   = {PD Eimas},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics?},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {5413},
  pages    = {435-6; author reply 436-7},
  volume   = {284},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, 9872745},
}

@article{behrmann_attention_1999,
	title = {Attention accesses multiple reference frames: evidence from visual neglect},
	volume = {25},
	abstract = {Research with normal participants has demonstrated that mechanisms of selective attention can simultaneously gain access to internal representations of spatial information defined with respect to both location- and object-based frames of reference. The present study demonstrates that patients with unilateral spatial neglect following a right-hemisphere lesion are poorer at detecting information on the contralateral left side in both location- and object-based spatial coordinates simultaneously. Moreover, the extent of the neglect is modulated by the probability of a target's appearing in either reference frame; as the probability of sampling a target in a particular frame of reference increases, so does the severity of neglect in the frame. These findings suggest that attention can be flexibly and strategically assigned to a reference frame depending on the contingencies of the task.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform},
	author = {Behrmann, M and Tipper, S P},
	year = {1999},
	pmid = {10069027},
	keywords = {*Attention, *Field Dependence-Independence, *Orientation, *Pattern Recognition, Visual, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Hemianopsia/diagnosis, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {83--101},
}

@Article{Li1999,
  author   = {Z Li},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Contextual influences in {V}1 as a basis for pop out and asymmetry in visual search.},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {18},
  pages    = {10530-5},
  volume   = {96},
  abstract = {I use a model to show how simple, bottom-up, neural mechanisms in
	primary visual cortex can qualitatively explain the preattentive
	component of complex psychophysical phenomena of visual search for
	a target among distracters. Depending on the image features, the
	speed of search ranges from fast, when a target pops-out or is instantaneously
	detectable, to very slow, and it can be asymmetric with respect to
	switches between the target and distracter objects. It has been unclear
	which neural mechanisms or even cortical areas control the ease of
	search, and no physiological correlate has been found for search
	asymmetry. My model suggests that contextual influences in V1 play
	a significant role.},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Computer Simulation, Human, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Adolescent, Adult, Color Perception, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological, Psychophysics, Non-U.S. Gov't, Interneurons, Pyramidal Cells, Reaction Time, Synapses, 10468643},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Inbreeding effects on fertility in humans: evidence for reproductive compensation},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Consanguinity,Adult,Female,Fertility/*genetics,Human,Male,Maternal Age,Parity,Pregnancy,Pregnancy Outcome,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Survival Analysis},
 pages = {225-231},
 volume = {64},
 id = {711dce5e-f621-38d7-b578-243db54df1d0},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:55.794Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:55.913Z},
 tags = {04/11/22},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {The effects of inbreeding on prereproductive mortality have been demonstrated in many natural populations, including humans. However, little is known about the effects in inbred individuals who survive to adulthood. We have investigated the effects of inbreeding on fertility among inbred adult Hutterites and demonstrate significantly reduced fecundity among the most inbred Hutterite women, as evidenced by longer interbirth intervals (P=.024) and longer intervals to a recognized pregnancy (P=.010) but not by increased rates of fetal loss (P>.50). These data suggest the presence of recessive alleles that adversely affect fecundity among the population. In contrast, completed family sizes do not differ among the more and the less-inbred Hutterite women who were born after 1920, suggesting that reproductive compensation is occurring among the more-inbred and less-fecund women. This recent reproductive strategy would facilitate the maintenance of recessive alleles and contribute to an overall decline in fertility in the population.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Ober, C and Hyslop, T and Hauck, W W},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {1}
}

@Article{Platt1999,
  author   = {M. L. Platt and P. W. Glimcher},
  journal  = {Nature},
  title    = {Neural correlates of decision variables in parietal cortex.},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {6741},
  pages    = {233-8},
  volume   = {400},
  abstract = {Decision theory proposes that humans and animals decide what to do
	in a given situation by assessing the relative value of each possible
	response. This assessment can be computed, in part, from the probability
	that each action will result in a gain and the magnitude of the gain
	expected. Here we show that the gain (or reward) a monkey can expect
	to realize from an eye-movement response modulates the activity of
	neurons in the lateral intraparietal area, an area of primate cortex
	that is thought to transform visual signals into eye-movement commands.
	We also show that the activity of these neurons is sensitive to the
	probability that a particular response will result in a gain. When
	animals can choose freely between two alternative responses, the
	choices subjects make and neuronal activation in this area are both
	correlated with the relative amount of gain that the animal can expect
	from each response. Our data indicate that a decision-theoretic model
	may provide a powerful new framework for studying the neural processes
	that intervene between sensation and action.},
  doi      = {10.1038/22268},
  keywords = {Afferent, Animals, Color Perception, Decision Making, Eye Movements, Fixation, Macaca, Models, Motor Neurons, Neurological, Neurons, Non-U.S. Gov't, Ocular, P.H.S., Parietal Lobe, Probability, Research Support, Reward, U.S. Gov't, 10421355},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {From complex traits to complex alleles},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Alleles,*Chromosome Mapping,*Genes,*Genetic Heterogeneity,*Quantitative Trait,Animal,Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology,Evolution,Female,Genetic Diseases,Human,Inborn/genetics,Infertility,Insect,Male,Male/genetics,Membrane Proteins/genetics/physiology,Non-P.H.S.,P.H.S.,Phenotype,Polymorphism (Genetics),Support,U.S. Gov't},
 pages = {6-8},
 volume = {15},
 id = {b6a2aaaa-b35d-3d77-ba5c-0930dbe055a9},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:41:59.662Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:41:59.802Z},
 tags = {02/11/15},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>        <m:bold>From Duplicate 2 ( </m:bold>                <m:bold>          </m:bold><m:bold><m:italic>From complex traits to complex alleles</m:italic></m:bold><m:bold>        </m:bold>                <m:bold> - Phillips, P C )<m:linebreak/>        </m:bold>        <m:linebreak/>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Tutorial<m:linebreak/>        <m:linebreak/>      </m:note>},
 abstract = {Several recent studies using natural populations of Drosophila show that one must be very careful when sorting among the large number of molecular polymorphisms found at most loci to identify the nucleotide changes responsible for phenotypic variation in complex traits. Indeed, several mutations within a single allele can interact to generate the overall observed effect. The results are instructive both for those interested in the genetics of evolutionary change and for those attempting to ferret out the genetic basis of complex human diseases.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Phillips, Patric C and Patrick C. Phillips, undefined},
 journal = {Trends in genetics},
 number = {1}
}

@Article{Krebs1999,
  author   = {HI Krebs and ML Aisen and BT Volpe and N Hogan},
  journal  = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
  title    = {Quantization of continuous arm movements in humans with brain injury.},
  year     = {1999},
  number   = {8},
  pages    = {4645-9},
  volume   = {96},
  abstract = {Segmentation of apparently continuous movement has been reported for
	over a century by human movement researchers, but the existence of
	primitive submovements has never been proved. In 20 patients recovering
	from a single cerebral vascular accident (stroke), we identified
	the apparent submovements that composed a continuous arm motion in
	an unloaded task. Kinematic analysis demonstrated a submovement speed
	profile that was invariant across patients with different brain lesions
	and provided experimental verification of the detailed shape of primitive
	submovements. The submovement shape was unaffected by its peak speed,
	and to test further the invariance of shape with speed, we analyzed
	movement behavior in a patient with myoclonus. This patient occasionally
	made involuntary shock-like arm movements, which occurred near the
	maximum capacity of the neuromuscular system, exhibited speed profiles
	that were comparable to those identified in stroke patients, and
	were also independent of speed.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, 10200316},
}

Paper  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Use of unlinked genetic markers to detect population stratification in association studies},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Case-Control Studies,*Genetic Markers,*Linkage (Genetics),*Models, Genetic,Alleles,Genotype,Human,Research Design,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {220-8.},
 volume = {65},
 id = {b79d206a-a398-3b9a-8ad4-7f1e22c70cda},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:20.473Z},
 file_attached = {true},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:20.613Z},
 tags = {02/11/15},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {We examine the issue of population stratification in association-mapping studies. In case-control studies of association, population subdivision or recent admixture of populations can lead to spurious associations between a phenotype and unlinked candidate loci. Using a model of sampling from a structured population, we show that if population stratification exists, it can be detected by use of unlinked marker loci. We show that the case-control-study design, using unrelated control individuals, is a valid approach for association mapping, provided that marker loci unlinked to the candidate locus are included in the study, to test for stratification. We suggest guidelines as to the number of unlinked marker loci to use.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Pritchard, J K and Rosenberg, N A},
 journal = {Am J Hum Genet},
 number = {1}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Genetic factors in susceptibility to death: a comparative analysis of bivariate survival models},
 type = {article},
 year = {1999},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Death,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,*Models, Genetic,Cohort Studies,Denmark/epidemiology,Female,Humans,Male,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Statistics,Twins, Dizygotic/statistics & numerical data,Twins, Monozygotic/statistics & numerical data,Variation (Genetics)},
 pages = {53-60},
 volume = {4},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10613717},
 id = {949c19fe-b444-3008-8971-61b8e23d08fc},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.608Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:11.725Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1359-5229<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {BACKGROUND: Molecular epidemiological studies of aging and longevity are focused on evaluating the effects of single genes on susceptibility to disease and death. The effects of all genetic factors on susceptibility can be evaluated from the analysis of survival data on related individuals. METHOD: The analyses of survival data on Danish monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins are performed using gamma, inverse Gaussian and three-parameter correlated frailty models. The semiparametric representations of the respective models are used to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters. The results are compared using the likelihood ratio test. RESULTS: The survival of Danish MZ and DZ twins can be characterised by the same marginal hazards and identical univariate frailty distributions for any of the three frailty models. In all three cases the genetic influence on frailty is statistically significant. CONCLUSION: All three models can be used to study genetic effects on susceptibility. The gamma and inverse Gaussian frailty models fit the Danish twin data equally well. Our analyses show that for the Danish twin data these two models are preferable to the three-parameter model.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Yashin, A I and Begun, A Z and Iachine, I A},
 journal = {J Epidemiol Biostat},
 number = {1}
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {How heritable is individual susceptibility to death? The results of an analysis of survival data on Danish, Swedish and Finnish twins},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Death,*Genetic Predisposition to Disease,Adult,Age Factors,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Denmark,Disease Susceptibility,Environment,Epidemiology, Molecular,Female,Finland,Forecasting,Health,Humans,Life Tables,Likelihood Functions,Longevity/genetics,Male,Middle Aged,Models, Genetic,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Sex Factors,Survival Analysis,Sweden,Twins/*genetics},
 pages = {196-205},
 volume = {1},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10100811},
 id = {161c25f0-f407-3983-ac34-656acbfb7169},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:57.913Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:58.237Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>1369-0523<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Twin Study</m:note>},
 abstract = {Molecular epidemiological studies confirm a substantial contribution of individual genes to variability in susceptibility to disease and death for humans. To evaluate the contribution of all genes to susceptibility and to estimate individual survival characteristics, survival data on related individuals (eg twins or other relatives) are needed. Correlated gamma-frailty models of bivariate survival are used in a joint analysis of survival data on more than 31,000 pairs of Danish, Swedish and Finnish male and female twins using the maximum likelihood method. Additive decomposition of frailty into genetic and environmental components is used to estimate heritability in frailty. The estimate of the standard deviation of frailty from the pooled data is about 1.5. The hypothesis that variance in frailty and correlations of frailty for twins are similar in the data from all three countries is accepted. The estimate of narrow-sense heritability in frailty is about 0.5. The age trajectories of individual hazards are evaluated for all three populations of twins and both sexes. The results of our analysis confirm the presence of genetic influences on individual frailty and longevity. They also suggest that the mechanism of these genetic influences may be similar for the three Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, results indicate that the increase in individual hazard with age is more rapid than predicted by traditional demographic life tables.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Iachine, I A and Holm, N V and Harris, J R and Begun, A Z and Iachina, M K and Laitinen, M and Kaprio, J and Yashin, A I},
 journal = {Twin Res},
 number = {4}
}

@article{Epstein1998,
	title = {A cortical representation of the local visual environment},
	volume = {392},
	doi = {10.1038/33402},
	abstract = {Medial temporal brain regions such as the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal cortex have been generally implicated in navigation and visual memory. However, the specific function of each of these regions is not yet clear. Here we present evidence that a particular area within human parahippocampal cortex is involved in a critical component of navigation: perceiving the local visual environment. This region, which we name the 'parahippocampal place area' (PPA), responds selectively and automatically in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to passively viewed scenes, but only weakly to single objects and not at all to faces. The critical factor for this activation appears to be the presence in the stimulus of information about the layout of local space. The response in the PPA to scenes with spatial layout but no discrete objects (empty rooms) is as strong as the response to complex meaningful scenes containing multiple objects (the same rooms furnished) and over twice as strong as the response to arrays of multiple objects without three-dimensional spatial context (the furniture from these rooms on a blank background). This response is reduced if the surfaces in the scene are rearranged so that they no longer define a coherent space. We propose that the PPA represents places by encoding the geometry of the local environment.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6676},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Epstein, R and Kanwisher, N},
	year = {1998},
	pmid = {9560155},
	note = {ISBN: 0028-0836},
	keywords = {Brain Mapping, Face, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, PPA, Photic Stimulation, Space Perception, Visual Perception, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {598--601},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{corbetta_common_1998,
	title = {A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements},
	volume = {21},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9808463},
	doi = {10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80593-0},
	abstract = {Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and surface-based representations of brain activity were used to compare the functional anatomy of two tasks, one involving covert shifts of attention to peripheral visual stimuli, the other involving both attentional and saccadic shifts to the same stimuli. Overlapping regional networks in parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes were active in both tasks. This anatomical overlap is consistent with the hypothesis that attentional and oculomotor processes are tightly integrated at the neural level.},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Neuron},
	author = {Corbetta, M. and Akbudak, E. and Conturo, T.E. and Snyder, A.Z. and Ollinger, J.M. and Drury, H.A. and Linenweber, M.R. and Petersen, S.E. and Raichle, M.E. and Van Essen, D.C. and Shulman, G.L.},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Adolescent, Adult, Attention/*physiology, Behavior/physiology, Brain Mapping, Brain/*physiology, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neural Pathways/physiology, Photic Stimulation, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Saccades/*physiology},
	pages = {761--73},
}

@article{
 title = {Factors affecting population variation in eastern Adriatic isolates (Croatia)},
 type = {article},
 year = {1998},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Genetics, Population,*Population Dynamics,Anthropometry,Croatia,Family Characteristics,Female,Human,Linguistics,Male,Phenotype,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.},
 pages = {845-64.},
 volume = {70},
 id = {cdbc4ebb-df76-32b2-a776-cb79c25f47cc},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:43.938Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:44.064Z},
 tags = {02/02/13},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Inhabitants of the Croatian islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and the Peljesac Peninsula have been the subject of extensive previous studies of local population differentiation. Most of these studies used biological and ecological variables, but some also considered historical and sociological factors. In this study we use genetic, morphological, kinship, and language distance data, collected for individuals from 26 rural communities on the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and the Peljesac Peninsula in the Adriatic, to further explore the interaction of historical, sociological, and biological factors in small populations and to test the significance of some of these proposed causes. First, we use matrix correlation methods to evaluate the relationships among different types of distance measures. The specific measures of genetic distance used here do not correlate well with other measures of population distance, and it appears that for the studied genetic systems the populations are not strongly differentiated. As expected, kinship and language distances have a high degree of association. Morphological differences among populations seem to be more closely tied to kinship distances than to genetic distances. This may result from modification of some morphological features by environmental rather than genetic factors, or it may be attributed to extensive, selective, nonrandom emigration of the population during the first decade of the twentieth century. In the second part of our analysis we use matrix correlation methods to evaluate and possibly identify the external factors that have contributed to the population differences. Specifically, we use design matrices to test hypotheses that population differences can be explained by one of the following factors: geographic isolation on the islands and peninsula, distance from the mainland, geographic barriers within the islands and peninsula, and the historical factors that differentially affected the three islands and the peninsula. Most of these design matrices reflect geographic distances; although correlations between morphological variables and simple geographic distance between localities were not significant, correlations between these localities and a design matrix incorporating geographic distance along with geographic barriers, such as bodies of water and mountain ranges, are particularly important for explaining distances among kin. Design matrices provide an important tool for quantifying the relationship between historical and geographic factors, and measures of population distance.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Waddle, D M and Sokal, R R and Rudan, P},
 journal = {Hum Biol},
 number = {5}
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{treisman_perceiving_1998,
	title = {Perceiving visually presented objets: recognition, awareness, and modularity},
	volume = {8},
	shorttitle = {Perceiving visually presented objets},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com.gate2.inist.fr/science/article/B6VS3-45479P8-DR/1/ed75615e9436642555aea5c6aa540349},
	doi = {10.1016/S0959-4388(98)80143-8},
	abstract = {Object perception may involve seeing, recognition, preparation of actions, and emotional responses -- functions that human brain imaging and neuropsychology suggest are localized separately. Perhaps because of this specialization, object perception is remarkably rapid and efficient. Representations of componential structure and interpolation from view-dependent images both play a part in object recognition. Unattended objects may be implicitly registered, but recent experiments suggest that attention is required to bind features, to represent three-dimensional structure, and to mediate awareness.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2008-06-13},
	journal = {Current Opinion in Neurobiology},
	author = {Treisman, Anne M and Kanwisher, Nancy G},
	month = apr,
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {*Brain Mapping, Awareness/*physiology, Cerebral Cortex/physiology, Form Perception/*physiology, Human, Pattern Recognition, Visual/*physiology, Reaction Time/physiology, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {218--226},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{danziger_inhibitory_1997,
	title = {Inhibitory tagging of locations in the blind field of hemianopic patients},
	volume = {6},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/referer?http://www.idealibrary.com/links/citation/1053-8100/6/291},
	doi = {10/d6wx53},
	abstract = {This study evaluated the potential contribution of extrageniculate visual pathways to oculomotor orienting reflexes in hemianopic patients. It tested whether extrageniculate pathways mediate inhibition of return (IOR)-a phenomenon characterized by slowed target detections at recently stimulated locations (Posner \& Cohen, 1984). Because hemianopic subjects cannot overtly respond to stimuli presented within their hemianopic field, we utilized a spatial cueing paradigm that capitalized on the fact that IOR operates in spatiotopic coordinates. Subjects moved their eyes so that a cue and a target presented at the same spatial location were imaged successively onto blind and seeing portions of their retinas. One hemianopic patient showed a similar IOR effect from cues presented within both the seeing and the hemianopic fields. With a second hemianopic patient, only presentations of the cue to the subject's seeing field produced IOR. The explanation for this discrepancy is not evident. These observations highlight both the potential value and the pitfalls inherent in using "blindsight" as a window into human consciousness.},
	number = {2-3},
	journal = {Consciousness and Cognition},
	author = {Danziger, S. and Fendrich, R. and Rafal, R.D.},
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Brain Ischemia/complications/pathology, Brain/pathology, Case Report, Hemianopsia/complications/*diagnosis, Human, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Age, Reaction Time, Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Task Performance and Analysis},
	pages = {291--307},
}

@article{luck_neural_1997,
	title = {Neural mechanisms of spatial selective attention in areas {V1}, {V2}, and {V4} of macaque visual cortex.},
	volume = {77},
	abstract = {Many neurons in extrastriate visual cortex have large receptive fields, and this may lead to significant computational problems whenever multiple stimuli fall within a single field. Previous studies have suggested that when multiple stimuli fall within a cell's receptive field, they compete for the cell's response in a manner that can be biased in favor of attended stimuli. In the present study we examined this role of attention in areas V1, V2, and V4 of macaque monkeys with the use of a behavioral paradigm in which attention was directed to one of two stimulus locations. When two stimuli were presented simultaneously inside the cell's receptive field (which could be accomplished only in areas V2 and V4), we found that the cell's response was strongly influenced by which of the two stimuli was attended. The size of this attention effect was reduced when the attended and ignored stimuli were presented sequentially rather than simultaneously. In addition, the effects became very weak and inconsistent in these areas when only one of the two stimuli was located inside the receptive field. Attention thus modulated sensory responses primarily when two or more simultaneous stimuli competed for access to a neuron's receptive field. As in areas V2 and V4, attention did not modulate sensory responses in area V1 when only a single stimulus was inside the receptive field. In addition, the small receptive fields in this area precluded the simultaneous presentation of attended and ignored stimuli inside the receptive field, making it impossible to determine whether attention effects would be observed under the conditions that led to consistent attention effects in areas V2 and V4. Spontaneous firing rates in areas V2 and V4 were found to be 30-40\% higher when attention was directed inside rather than outside the receptive field, even when no stimulus was present in the receptive field. Spontaneous firing rates also varied according to the particular location within the receptive field that was attended. These shifts in spontaneous activity may reflect a top-down signal that biases responses in favor of stimuli at the attended location.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {J Neurophysiol},
	author = {Luck, S J and Chelazzi, L and Hillyard, S A and Desimone, R},
	year = {1997},
	pmid = {9120566},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0022-3077},
	keywords = {Animals, Attention, Cues, Electrodes, Implanted, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Male, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Space Perception, Visual Cortex, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s., research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {24--42},
}

Website  abstract   bibtex   

@article{
 title = {Genetics of aging},
 type = {article},
 year = {1997},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {Aging/*genetics,Alzheimer Disease/genetics,Animals,Apoptosis/genetics,Gene Expression,Humans,Longevity/*genetics,Mutation,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.,Risk Factors,Variation (Genetics)},
 pages = {407-411},
 volume = {278},
 websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=9334291},
 id = {7125e0bf-17e5-32ca-b8ec-f153683043d6},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:45:43.517Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:43.632Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>0036-8075<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Tutorial</m:note>},
 abstract = {The role of genetics in determining life-span is complex and paradoxical. Although the heritability of life-span is relatively minor, some genetic variants significantly modify senescence of mammals and invertebrates, with both positive and negative impacts on age-related disorders and life-spans. In certain examples, the gene variants alter metabolic pathways, which could thereby mediate interactions with nutritional and other environmental factors that influence life-span. Given the relatively minor effect and variable penetrance of genetic risk factors that appear to affect survival and health at advanced ages, life-style and other environmental influences may profoundly modify outcomes of aging.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Finch, C E and Tanzi, R E},
 journal = {Science},
 number = {5337}
}

@Article{Kitzes1996,
  author   = {LM Kitzes and GS Hollrigel},
  journal  = {Hear Res},
  title    = {Response properties of units in the posterior auditory field deprived of input from the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex.},
  year     = {1996},
  note     = {as cited in \citeNP{Heil1998}},
  number   = {1-2},
  pages    = {120-30},
  volume   = {100},
  abstract = {The influence of the ipsilateral primary auditory field (AI) on the
	response properties of neurons in the posterior auditory field (Field
	P) was examined in three cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital.
	Rate/level functions were obtained, by extracellular recording, from
	single units in Field P before (n = 38) and after (n = 50) subpial
	aspiration of AI. The ablations were primarily confined to the medial
	ectosylvian gyrus, although in one case extended into the high-frequency
	portion of the anterior auditory field. Comparisons between the behavior
	of units isolated before and after AI ablation failed to demonstrate
	any changes in the response properties of neurons in Field P attributable
	to the ablation. Nonmonotonic response profiles, first spike latency,
	variability in latency, threshold and maximal discharge rates of
	the units to acoustic stimuli were not significantly altered by the
	AI ablation. These results indicate that the basic response properties
	of neurons in Field P do not depend on input from the ipsilateral
	AI. This suggests that these properties are most likely determined
	by thalamic input or by circuitry within Field P.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, 8922986},
}

@article{
 title = {Family history and risk of colorectal cancer in the multiethnic population of Hawaii},
 type = {article},
 year = {1996},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Family,Aged,Asian Americans,Case-Control Studies,Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology/*ethnology,Comparative Study,Female,Hawaii/epidemiology,Human,Japan/ethnology,Male,Middle Age,Questionnaires,Risk Factors,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {1122-8.},
 volume = {144},
 id = {d6910ad1-48e7-3d10-b2d7-2c37f5949c18},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:44:57.428Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:44:57.580Z},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Increased risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with family history of the disease has been observed consistently in past studies. However, limited attention has been given to the influence of ethnicity, the characteristics of the proband's tumor, and kinship. A population-based case-control study was conducted between 1987 and 1991 in Hawaii among 1,192 incident colorectal cancer cases and 1,192 sex-, age-, and ethnicity-matched population controls. The study identified 7,673 relatives for the cases and 7,823 relatives for the controls. With an estimating equation-based regression method, relatives of cases were found to have a 2.5-fold increased risk of colorectal cancer compared with relatives of controls (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-3.4) after adjustment for covariates. This increase in risk was greater for Japanese (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.4) than Caucasians (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.9), for siblings (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.1-4.6) than parents (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.1), and when the index patient was diagnosed before the age of 55 years (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 2.1-8.0) with multiple tumors (OR = 9.5, 95% CI 4.4-20.6), with a distant stage (OR = 4.6, 95% CI 2.7-7.8), or with cancer of the right colon (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 2.0-4.4) or the rectum (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.8-4.8). The increase in risk was not affected by the relative's sex. Relatives of cases were not at increased risk for other common cancers. It is estimated that approximately 11.1% and 6.5% of colorectal cancers are attributable to a first degree family history of the disease for Japanese and Caucasians, respectively. These data and those of previous studies strongly suggest that individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer in a first degree relative are at increased risk for the disease and should receive regular diagnostic screening. Characteristics of the index case, such as age and stage at diagnosis, subsite and number of tumors, and race, as well as kinship, may be important in assessing the colorectal cancer risk of a relative.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Le Marchand, L and Zhao, L P and Quiaoit, F and Wilkens, L R and Kolonel, L N},
 journal = {Am J Epidemiol},
 number = {12}
}

@article{beale_categorical_1995,
	title = {Categorical effects in the perception of faces},
	volume = {57},
	abstract = {These studies suggest categorical perception effects may be much more general than has commonly been believed and can occur in apparently similar ways at dramatically different levels of processing. To test the nature of individual face representations, a linear continuum of "morphed" faces was generated between individual exemplars of familiar faces. In separate categorization, discrimination and "better-likeness" tasks, subjects viewed pairs of faces from these continua. Subjects discriminate most accurately when face-pairs straddle apparent category boundaries; thus individual faces are perceived categorically. A high correlation is found between the familiarity of a face-pair and the magnitude of the categorization effect. Categorical perception therefore is not limited to low-level perceptual continua, but can occur at higher levels and may be acquired through experience as well.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Cognition},
	author = {Beale, J M and Keil, F C},
	year = {1995},
	pmid = {8556842},
	keywords = {*Face, *Visual Perception, Facial Expression, Humans, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {217--239},
}

@Article{Kanwisher1995,
  author   = {N Kanwisher and J Driver and L Machado},
  journal  = {Cognit Psychol},
  title    = {Spatial repetition blindness is modulated by selective attention to color or shape.},
  year     = {1995},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {303-37},
  volume   = {29},
  abstract = {Subjects reported either the colors or shapes of two simultaneous
	masked letters. Our first study found that they were less accurate
	when the reported features were identical ("repetition blindness,"
	or RB), while repetition along the unreported dimension had no effect.
	Three follow-up studies confirmed that when the same dimension was
	judged (overtly or covertly) for both stimuli, performance was only
	affected by repetition along that dimension. However, when different
	dimensions were judged for the two stimuli, performance was affected
	by repetition on both dimensions. These findings support new conclusions
	about both RB and visual attention. First, RB depends critically
	on visual attention, rather than simply on the stimulus presented
	or the overt response required. Second, while attention can be restricted
	to a single visual dimension, this is efficient only when the same
	dimension is selected for both objects. Selecting the color of one
	object and the shape of another simultaneous object results in both
	dimensions being accessed for both objects.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, 8556848},
}

@Article{Bavelier1994,
  author   = {D Bavelier},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {Repetition blindness between visually different items: {T}he case of pictures and words.},
  year     = {1994},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {199-236},
  volume   = {51},
  abstract = {Repetition blindness (RB) is the failure to see or recall the second
	of two visually similar or identical items in rapid serial visual
	presentation. It was initially demonstrated by Kanwisher (1987),
	who proposed that a second token of a given word or object type cannot
	be established when the two items occur close in time. Bavelier and
	Potter (1992) showed that RB also occurs between visually different
	items that are phonologically similar. They proposed that RB may
	occur not only when the targets are physically similar, but also
	when they have to be registered or encoded in short-term memory (STM)
	along dimensions on which they are similar. This hypothesis predicts
	that RB between visually different items should not be restricted
	to words, but should occur with any stimuli, as long as the task
	requires these stimuli to be encoded along dimensions on which they
	are similar. Moreover, it also implies that a task that changes the
	preferred code of targets will affect the size of RB. The first prediction
	was confirmed by establishing RB between phonologically similar pictures
	and words, whether semantically related (the picture of a cat and
	the word "cat") or not (the picture of a sun and the word "son"),
	when using a task that requires phonological encoding (Experiments
	1 and 2). The second prediction was also supported: the magnitude
	of RB depended on whether the task required similar or different
	codes for pictures and words (Experiments 3 and 4). These experiments
	confirm that RB between visually different items is due to the similarity
	of the codes initially used in STM. The results suggest that RB can
	occur at any step during the instantiation of a token, arising not
	only from a failure to create a new token, but also from a failure
	to stabilize an opened token. In this view, tokens are to be seen
	as dynamical entities, built over time as a function of type activation
	and task requirements, and varying in stability as a function of
	the information that is entered into them.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, 8194301},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{dror_mental_1994,
	title = {Mental imagery and aging},
	volume = {9},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8185873},
	doi = {10/d6nhx3},
	abstract = {Young adult and elderly Ss performed 4 visual mental imagery tasks, each of which tapped different processes. The elderly had relatively impaired image rotation and image activation (the process of accessing and activating stored visual memories), and there was a hint that aging may impair the ability to maintain images. In contrast, the elderly were able to compose (the process of generating the segments of the shape, 1 by 1) and scan visual mental images as well as young adults. However, when the authors correlated the mean performance of each age group across all the tasks, they found that the response times of the elderly were almost perfectly predicted by the performance of the young Ss but that the error rates were not correlated. These findings suggest that although there is slowing with age, individual imaging processes are affected selectively by aging.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Psychol Aging},
	author = {Dror, I.E. and Kosslyn, S.M.},
	year = {1994},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Imagination, *Orientation, *Pattern Recognition, Visual, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aging/*psychology, Attention, Concept Formation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.},
	pages = {90--102},
}

@Article{Knowlton1994,
  author   = {B. J. Knowlton and L. R. Squire},
  journal  = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn},
  title    = {The information acquired during artificial grammar learning.},
  year     = {1994},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {79-91},
  volume   = {20},
  abstract = {In an artificial grammar learning task, amnesic patients classified
	test items as well as normal subjects did. Item similarity did not
	affect grammaticality judgments when similar and nonsimilar test
	items were balanced for the frequency with which bigrams and trigrams
	(chunks) that appeared in the training set also appeared in the test
	items. Amnesic patients performed like normal subjects. The results
	suggest that concrete information about letter chunks can influence
	gramaticality judgments and that this information is acquired implicitly.
	The similarity of whole test items to training items does not appear
	to affect grammaticality judgments.},
  doi      = {10.1037//0278-7393.20.1.79},
  groups   = {Implicit vs. declarative learning},
  keywords = {Aged, Amnesia, Brain, Female, Humans, Language, Learning, Male, Middle Aged, Non-P.H.S., Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Wechsler Scales, 8138790},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{nebes_phasic_1993,
	title = {Phasic and tonic alertness in {Alzheimer}'s disease},
	volume = {29},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8472560},
	doi = {10/grrsrm},
	abstract = {Phasic alertness (the rapid mobilization of resources to process an expected stimulus) was examined in Alzheimer patients and normals by a choice RT task in which the stimulus was usually preceded by a warning signal. The time subjects needed to attain maximal phasic alertness was determined by varying the Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) between the warning and the stimulus. In comparison to trials without any warning, presentation of a warning signal reduced the RT of Alzheimer patients as much as it did that of normals. Similarly, the SOA necessary for maximal alertness was the same in Alzheimer patients and in normals. Maintenance of tonic alertness was investigated by examining how RT changed across a long period of continuous testing. Alzheimer patients and normals showed a similar rise in RT with increasing time on task. These results suggest that phasic and tonic alertness are relatively unimpaired by Alzheimer's disease.},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Cortex},
	author = {Nebes, R.D. and Brady, C.B.},
	year = {1993},
	keywords = {*Arousal, *Attention, *Psychomotor Performance, *Reaction Time, Adult, Aged, Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis/*psychology, Female, Human, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
	pages = {77--90},
}

@Article{Echols1993,
  author   = {C. H. Echols},
  journal  = {Cognition},
  title    = {A perceptually-based model of children's earliest productions.},
  year     = {1993},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {245-96},
  volume   = {46},
  abstract = {A model is proposed to account for processes underlying the initial
	extraction and representation of words. The model incorporates perceptual
	salience into a framework provided by autosegmental phonology. In
	one study, predictions of the model were tested in a corpus of utterances
	obtained from three children in the one-word speech period. Analyses
	of the corpus supported the predictions, suggesting that salience
	of elements such as stressed and final syllables may contribute to
	the form of early productions and, specifically, to the form of utterances
	containing filler syllables and full or partial reduplications. Because
	the data for this study were children's productions, and the model
	concerns children's representations, a second study was carried out
	to investigate representations somewhat more directly. That study
	also explored the possible influence of an additional prosodic factor
	on the form of early words. A word-learning task with 2-year-olds,
	3-year-olds and adults assessed whether children would attend to
	stress pattern or segmental sequence in identifying the referent
	for a word. As expected, children did rely on prosody in their word
	choices far more frequently than did adults, suggesting that one
	prosodic component, stress pattern, may in some cases be prominent
	in a child's representation for a word. The results of the two studies
	provide support for the utility of the autosegmental framework, as
	well as additional evidence for the perceptual salience of stressed
	and final syllables and of stress pattern.},
  keywords = {Attention, Child, Child Language, Female, Humans, Infant, Language Development, Male, Non-U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Phonetics, Preschool, Psycholinguistics, Research Support, Social Environment, Speech Perception, Speech Production Measurement, U.S. Gov't, Verbal Learning, Vocabulary, 8462274},
}

@article{
 title = {A unified approach to study hypervariable polymorphisms: statistical considerations of determining relatedness and population distances},
 type = {article},
 year = {1993},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Polymorphism (Genetics),*Variation (Genetics),Alleles,Animal,Biometry,DNA Fingerprinting,Evolution,Female,Genetic Markers,Genetics, Population,Human,Male,Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.,Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.},
 pages = {153-75.},
 volume = {67},
 id = {7058fa2e-5dbb-3974-beb5-0c57ac4e7835},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:46:04.396Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:46:04.499Z},
 tags = {02/02/15},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article<m:linebreak/>Review<m:linebreak/>Review, Tutorial</m:note>},
 abstract = {Relatedness between individuals as well as evolutionary relationships between populations can be studied by comparing genotypic similarities between individuals. When hypervariable loci are used to describe genotypes, it is shown that both of these problems can be approached with a unified theory based on allele sharing between individuals. The distributions of the number of shared alleles between individuals indicate their kin relationships. Extending this, we obtain statistics for genetic distances between populations based on average number of alleles shared between individuals within and between two different populations. Traditional statistical inferential procedure can be used to establish specific kinship relationships between individuals. We derive estimates of the number of hypervariable loci needed for a specified reliability of such an inference. Evolutionary dynamics of genetic distance statistics based on allele sharing is also studied. It shows that such measures of genetic distances remain linear with the time of divergence for a period comparable to that of the gene frequency-based measures of genetic distances. Statistical properties of measures based on allele sharing establish that for using such summary statistics it is not necessary to know the full characteristics of all loci used. It is enough to know the degree of heterozygosity per locus and the number of loci. Therefore, in principle, this approach can also be used for DNA fingerprinting data in the studies of relatedness between individuals as well as between populations. The possible compromising features of multilocus DNA fingerprinting data are also discussed.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Chakraborty, R and Jin, L},
 journal = {Exs}
}

@Article{Robin1990,
  author   = {DA Robin and PJ Abbas and LN Hug},
  journal  = {J Acoust Soc Am},
  title    = {Neural responses to auditory temporal patterns.},
  year     = {1990},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {1673-82},
  volume   = {87},
  abstract = {Sets of regularly repeating auditory stimuli elicit unique perceptions;
	listeners are able to identify specific temporal patterns. Some temporal
	patterns are unambiguous (only one pattern can be perceived), while
	others are ambiguous (numerous patterns can be detected). While the
	psychophysical properties of such percepts have been well studied,
	little is known about the underlying neurological bases of temporal
	pattern perception. In this experiment, the role of adaptation in
	temporal pattern perception is examined by studying neural responses
	in four cats to a temporal pattern that is perceptually unambiguous
	and one that is perceptually ambiguous. Measurements were made of
	the whole-nerve action potential, the auditory brainstem response,
	and potentials from the surface of the primary auditory cortex. The
	adaptation patterns corresponded with the perceptual organization
	of temporal patterns in humans at all levels of the nervous system
	studied.},
  keywords = {Animals, Attention, Computer Simulation, Human, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Adolescent, Adult, Color Perception, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological, Psychophysics, Non-U.S. Gov't, Interneurons, Pyramidal Cells, Reaction Time, Synapses, Action Potentials, Adaptation, Physiological, Contrast Sensitivity, Eye Movements, Macaca, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Nonlinear Dynamics, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Algorithms, Fixation, Ocular, Learning, Logistic Models, Cats, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Brain Stem, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Loudness Perception, Pitch Discrimination, Time Perception, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, 2341671},
}

@article{schein_spectral_1990,
	title = {Spectral properties of {V4} neurons in the macaque.},
	volume = {10},
	abstract = {Spectral properties of 129 cells in the V4 area of 5 macaque monkeys were studied quantitatively with narrow-band and broad-band colored lights. The large majority of cells exhibited some degree of wavelength sensitivity within their receptive fields. The half-bandwidth of the primary peak in the spectral-response curve was less than 50 nm for 72\% of the cells; the mean half-bandwidth of these cells, 27 nm, is similar to that found for color-opponent ganglion cells and cells in the parvocellular dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Contrast-response functions indicated that the narrow spectral tuning of these cells derived from cone opponent interactions. From comparison of receptive-field sizes, we suggest that a typical V4 neuron sums inputs that ultimately derive from several thousand ganglion or parvocellular dLGN cells. In spite of their wavelength sensitivity, most V4 cells had properties that would not fit some simple criteria for classification as "color selective." First, few cells showed overt signs of color opponency, namely, on-inhibition or off-excitation to spectrally opponent wavelengths. Second, about 30\% of the cells in V4 had spectral-response curves with 2 peaks. (The wavelength distribution of these second peaks was almost identical to that of primary peaks, and combinations of peak wavelengths were fairly random.) Third, most cells responded to white light; overall, the response to white light was about 60\% of that to the best narrow-band or broad-band colored light. Similarly, most V4 cells gave at least a small response to all or nearly all of the different broad-band colored lights we presented. Therefore, a given V4 cell is very likely to respond to most of the colored or white surfaces in natural scenes. These combinations of response properties probably explain the widely divergent percentages of "color" cells reported in previous studies of V4. The most unusual spectral property we found in V4 was a large, spectrally sensitive surround outside the "classical receptive field" of most cells. Although stimulation of the surround by itself did not cause any response, surround stimulation could completely suppress the response to even the optimally colored stimulus in the receptive field. In general, the optimal wavelengths for receptive-field excitation and surround suppression were the same or nearly so. Thus, "color contrast" may be computed in V4. In some cases, contrasting wavelengths in the surround caused moderate enhancement of response to a receptive-field stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
	language = {eng},
	number = {10},
	journal = {J Neurosci},
	author = {Schein, S J and Desimone, R},
	year = {1990},
	pmid = {2213146},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0270-6474},
	keywords = {Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Color Perception, Macaca fascicularis, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Spectrophotometry, Visual Cortex, research support, non-u.s. gov't, research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {3369--3389},
}

@Article{McLean1989,
  author   = {J McLean and LA Palmer},
  journal  = {Vision Res},
  title    = {Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat.},
  year     = {1989},
  number   = {6},
  pages    = {675-9},
  volume   = {29},
  abstract = {We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive
	fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike
	trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright
	and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame.
	Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable
	in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from
	the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple
	cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction
	selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive
	fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal
	speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions
	observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with
	a linear model for direction selectivity.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, 2626824},
}

@article{
 title = {Isolation by distance on the Island of Korcula: correlation analysis of distance measures},
 type = {article},
 year = {1988},
 identifiers = {[object Object]},
 keywords = {*Anthropometry,*Dermatoglyphics,*Genetics, Population,*Rural Population,*Social Environment,*Social Isolation,Female,Human,Male,Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.,Yugoslavia},
 pages = {97-103.},
 volume = {77},
 id = {17517e63-11e9-3896-8f0a-960853e28e9c},
 created = {2017-06-19T13:42:46.587Z},
 file_attached = {false},
 profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646},
 group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83},
 last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:42:46.723Z},
 tags = {02/03/08},
 read = {false},
 starred = {false},
 authored = {false},
 confirmed = {true},
 hidden = {false},
 source_type = {Journal Article},
 notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>},
 abstract = {Within the framework of holistic anthropological investigations of the rural populations on the Island of Korcula, various measures of biological distances between eight villages were estimated (Mahalanobis' D2 for anthropometric, physiological, and dermatoglyphic traits); socio-cultural similarities and distances were determined (kinship coefficient estimated from migrational data and Hemming similarity measure estimated from linguistic data). A matrix of Spearman's rank correlation coefficients among these measures demonstrated a pattern of interdependencies, which we analysed further by principal components analysis. The first component reflects the cumulative effect of different processes acting on the initial gene distribution over a long period of time; the second component represents initial population structure; and the third component reflects recent migration influences.},
 bibtype = {article},
 author = {Rudan, P and Simic, D and Bennett, L A},
 journal = {Am J Phys Anthropol},
 number = {1}
}

@article{bruce_both_1986,
	title = {Both striate cortex and superior colliculus contribute to visual properties of neurons in superior temporal polysensory area of macaque monkey.},
	volume = {55},
	abstract = {Although the tectofugal system projects to the primate cerebral cortex by way of the pulvinar, previous studies have failed to find any physiological evidence that the superior colliculus influences visual activity in the cortex. We studied the relative contributions of the tectofugal and geniculostriate systems to the visual properties of neurons in the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) by comparing the effects of unilateral removal of striate cortex, the superior colliculus, or of both structures. In the intact monkey, STP neurons have large, bilateral receptive fields. Complete unilateral removal of striate cortex did not eliminate visual responses of STP neurons in the contralateral visual hemifield; rather, nearly half the cells still responded to visual stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion. Thus the visual properties of STP neurons are not completely dependent on the geniculostriate system. Unilateral striate lesions did affect the response properties of STP neurons in three ways. Whereas most STP neurons in the intact monkey respond similarly to stimuli in the two visual hemifields, responses to stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the striate lesion were usually weaker than responses in the ipsilateral hemifield. Whereas the responses of many STP neurons in the intact monkey were selective for the direction of stimulus motion or for stimulus form, responses in the hemifield contralateral to the striate lesion were not selective for either motion or form. Whereas the median receptive field in the intact monkey extended 80 degrees into the contralateral visual field, the receptive fields of cells with responses in the contralateral field that survived the striate lesions had a median border that extended only 50 degrees into the contralateral visual field. Removal of both striate cortex and the superior colliculus in the same hemisphere abolished the responses of STP neurons to visual stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the combined lesion. Nearly 80\% of the cells still responded to visual stimuli in the hemifield ipsilateral to the lesion. Unilateral removal of the superior colliculus alone had only small effects on visual responses in STP. Receptive-field size and visual response strength were slightly reduced in the hemifield contralateral to the collicular lesion. As in the intact monkey, selectivity for stimulus motion or form were similar in the two visual hemifields. We conclude that both striate cortex and the superior colliculus contribute to the visual responses of STP neurons. Striate cortex is crucial for the movement and stimulus specificity of neurons in STP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {J Neurophysiol},
	author = {Bruce, C J and Desimone, R and Gross, C G},
	year = {1986},
	pmid = {3711967},
	note = {Place: UNITED STATES
ISBN: 0022-3077},
	keywords = {Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Functional Laterality, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Nerve Crush, Neurons, Spatial Behavior, Superior Colliculi, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception, research support, u.s. gov't, non-p.h.s., research support, u.s. gov't, p.h.s.},
	pages = {1057--1075},
}

@Article{Phillips1985,
  author   = {DP Phillips and JR Mendelson and MS Cynader and RM Douglas},
  journal  = {Exp Brain Res},
  title    = {Responses of single neurones in cat auditory cortex to time-varying stimuli: {F}requency-modulated tones of narrow excursion.},
  year     = {1985},
  number   = {3},
  pages    = {443-54},
  volume   = {58},
  abstract = {In the primary auditory cortex of cats anaesthetized with nitrous
	oxide, single neurones were examined with respect to their responses
	to tone bursts and linear modulations of the frequency of an on-going
	continuous tone. Using FM ramps of 2.0 kHz excursion and varying
	centre frequency, each of 39 neurones was examined for its preference
	for the direction of frequency change of a ramp whose centre frequency
	was varied in and around the neurone's response area. Direction preference
	was strictly associated with the slopes of the cell's spike count-versus-frequency
	function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. Preferences
	for upward- and downward-directed ramps were associated with the
	low- and high-frequency slopes of the spike count function, respectively.
	The strength of the cell's direction preference was associated with
	the relative steepness of the spike count function over the frequency
	range covered by the ramp. The timing of discharges elicited by the
	frequency modulations was found to be the sum of the cell's latent
	period for tone bursts plus the time after ramp onset that the stimulus
	frequency fell within the neurone's response area. The implications
	of these data for the processing of narrow and broad frequency-modulated
	ramps are discussed.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, 4007088},
}

@Article{Phillips1984,
  author   = {DP Phillips and SS Orman},
  journal  = {J Neurophysiol},
  title    = {Responses of single neurons in posterior field of cat auditory cortex to tonal stimulation.},
  year     = {1984},
  note     = {as cited by \citeNP{Heil1998}},
  number   = {1},
  pages    = {147-63},
  volume   = {51},
  abstract = {In the auditory cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized cats, the posterior
	auditory field (field P) was identified by its tonotopic organization,
	and single neurons in that field were studied quantitatively for
	their sensitivity to the frequency and intensity of tonal stimuli
	presented via calibrated, sealed stimulating systems. Field P neurons
	had narrow, V-shaped, threshold frequency tuning curves. At suprathreshold
	levels, spike counts were generally greatest at frequencies at or
	close to the neuron's threshold best frequency (BF). Eighty-six percent
	of posterior-field neurons displayed spike counts that were a nonmonotonic
	function of the intensity of a BF tone. Of these, over 90\% showed
	at least a 50\% reduction in spike count at high stimulus levels,
	and almost 20\% of nonmonotonic cells ceased responding entirely
	at high stimulus intensities. The nonmonotonic shape of spike count-versus-intensity
	profiles was typically preserved across the range of frequencies
	to which any given neuron was responsive. For some neurons, this
	had the consequence of generating a completely circumscribed frequency-intensity
	response area. That is, these neurons responded to a tonal stimulus
	only if the stimulus was within a restricted range of both frequency
	and intensity. These response areas showed internal organizations
	that appeared to reflect one or both of two processes. For some neurons,
	the optimal sound pressure level for spike counts varied with tone
	frequency, roughly paralleling the threshold tuning curve. For other
	neurons, the optimal sound pressure level tended to be constant across
	frequency despite threshold variations of up to 20 dB. The minimum
	response latencies of posterior-field neurons were generally in the
	range of 20-50 ms, while cells in the primary auditory cortex (AI)
	in the same animals generally had minimum latent periods of less
	than 20 ms. Comparison of these data with those previously presented
	for neurons in two other cortical auditory fields suggests that the
	cat's auditory cortex might show an interfield segregation of neurons
	according to their coding properties.},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, 6693932},
}

@article{rothi_alexia_1981,
	title = {Alexia and agraphia with spared spelling and letter recognition abilities},
	volume = {12},
	doi = {10/df6tn2},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Brain and Language},
	author = {Rothi, L.J. and Heilman, K.M.},
	year = {1981},
	keywords = {\#nosource, Agraphia/*physiopathology, Brain/physiopathology, Case Report, Dyslexia, Acquired/*physiopathology, Human, Language Tests, Male, Middle Age, Reading, Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Writing},
	pages = {1--13},
}

Paper  doi  abstract   bibtex   

@article{heilman_hypoarousal_1978,
	title = {Hypoarousal in patients with the neglect syndrome and emotional indifference},
	volume = {28},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=564476},
	doi = {10/gjv83w},
	abstract = {Physiologic theories of emotion suggest that activation is important in the experience of emotion; patients exhibiting "neglect" as a consequence of right parietotemporal of dysfunction show flattened affect. We studied arousal in patients with lesions of the right hemisphere who also exhibited emotional indifference, in aphasic patients with lesions of the left hemisphere, and in non-brain-damaged controls, by stimulating the forearm ipsilateral to the side of the brain lesion while recording galvanic skin responses (GSRs) from the fingers on the same side. The group exhibiting neglect had lower GSRs than aphasic patients or non-brain-damaged controls. Aphasic patients had higher GSRs than non-brain-damaged controls. These results suggest that neglect is associated with disturbances in bilateral arousal and that this disorder of arousal may be responsible in part for flattened affect. The heightened GSR in aphasic patients may reflect disinhibition, which might be partly responsible for increased emotionality in these patients.},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Neurology},
	author = {Heilman, K.M. and Schwartz, H.D. and Watson, R.T.},
	year = {1978},
	keywords = {\#nosource, *Arousal, Affective Symptoms/etiology/*physiopathology, Aphasia/physiopathology, Brain Diseases/*complications, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Laterality, Male, Middle Aged, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Syndrome},
	pages = {229--32},
}

@Article{MMN-Original,
  author   = {N\"{a}\"{a}t\"{a}nen, R and Gaillard, AW and M\"{a}ntysalo, S},
  journal  = {Acta Psychol (Amst)},
  title    = {Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted.},
  year     = {1978},
  number   = {4},
  pages    = {313-29},
  volume   = {42},
  keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, 685709},
}

@Article{Banks1975,
  author   = {MS Banks and Richard N Aslin and RD Letson},
  journal  = {Science},
  title    = {Sensitive period for the development of human binocular vision.},
  year     = {1975},
  number   = {4215},
  pages    = {675-7},
  volume   = {190},
  abstract = {Twenty-four subjects with abnormal binocular experience, due to a
	condition of convergent strabismus that existed during different
	periods of their lives, were tested. Interocular transfer of the
	tilt-aftereffect was used to assess binocularity. Individuals between
	1 and 3 years of age are most susceptible to abnormal binocular experience.},
  keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Human, Infant, Newborn, Strabismus, Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, 1188363},
}