@article{noauthor_comment_2023, address = {Rotorua, New Zealand}, title = {{COMMENT} {ChatGPT} threatens language diversity in the age of {AI}}, issn = {11700254}, url = {https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/comment-chatgpt-threatens-language-diversity-age/docview/2777397653/se-2?accountid=14542}, language = {English}, journal = {The Daily Post}, month = feb, year = {2023}, keywords = {African American English, Artificial intelligence, General Interest Periodicals--New Zealand, Language, Linguistics, Writing}, }
@article{lamos_drumming_2021, title = {Drumming a {Literate} {Life}: {The} {Pursuit} of '{Resonant} {Literacy}'}, volume = {73}, copyright = {Copyright National Council of Teachers of English Dec 2021}, issn = {0010096X}, shorttitle = {Drumming a {Literate} {Life}}, url = {http://www.proquest.com/docview/2638777051/abstract/D319C66F1C804B08PQ/3}, abstract = {Here, I analyze how working as a part-time rock drummer and full-time professor can generate "resonant literacy" through three intra-acting pursuits: 1) emergent intensity, 2) enworlded practice, and 3) hybrid identity. I further explain positive impacts of resonant literacy on writers, including those in first-year composition.}, language = {English}, number = {2}, urldate = {2022-11-12}, journal = {College Composition and Communication}, author = {Lamos, Steve}, year = {2021}, note = {Num Pages: 312-337 Place: Urbana, United States Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English}, keywords = {Bands, Books, Diaries, Education--Higher Education, Education--Teaching Methods And Curriculum, Genre, Linguistics, Literacy, Rhetoric, Student writing}, pages = {312--337}, }
@article{TMS:KAUOTP, author = {Kaufman, Magdalena}, year = {2020}, title = {On the Performance of Modal Objects}, journal = {Theoretical Linguistics}, volume = {46}, number = {3-4}, pages = {253--266}, doi = {10.1515/tl-2020-0014}, keywords = {linguistics, exact truthhmaking}, }
@article{levy_connecting_2020, title = {Connecting {Twenty}-{First} {Century} {Connectionism} and {Wittgenstein}}, author = {Levy, D and Meroney, William and Gayler, Ross W}, year = {2020}, note = {Publisher: Philosophia}, keywords = {Connectionism,Neural networks,Wittgenstein,Cogniti, argument, cognitive science, computer modeling, connectionism, emergentism, language games, linguistics, neural networks, philosophy of cognitive science, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, private language, reductionism, semantics, smolensky, vector symbolic architectures, wittgenstein}, }
@article{TMS:MOLSAA, author = {Moltman, Friederike}, year = {2019}, title = {Situations, Alternatives, and the Semantics of `Cases'}, journal = {Linguistics and Philosophy}, volume = {44}, pages = {153--193}, doi = {10.1007/s10988-019-09282-7}, keywords = {linguistics, exact truthmakers}, }
@article{gledec_dynamic_2019, title = {Dynamic {N}-{Gram} {System} {Based} on an {Online} {Croatian} {Spellchecking} {Service}}, volume = {7}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2947898}, abstract = {As an infrastructure able to accelerate the development of natural language processing applications, large-scale lexical n-gram databases are at present important data systems. However, deriving such systems for world minority languages as it was done in the Google n-gram project leads to many obstacles. This paper presents an innovative approach to large-scale n-gram system creation applied to the Croatian language. Instead of using the Web as the worlds largest text repository, our process of n-gram collection relies on the Croatian online academic spellchecker {\textless}italic{\textgreater}Hascheck{\textless}/italic{\textgreater}, a language service publicly available since 1993 and popular worldwide. Our n-gram filtering is based on dictionary criteria, contrary to the publicly available Google n-gram systems in which cutoff criteria were applied. After 12 years of collecting, the size of the Croatian n-gram system reached the size of the largest Google Version 1 n-gram systems. Due to reliance on a service in constant use, the Croatian n-gram system is a dynamic one. System dynamics allowed modeling of n-gram count behavior through Heaps law, which led to interesting results. Like many minority languages, the Croatian language suffers from a lack of sophisticated language processing systems in many application areas. The importance of a rich lexical n-gram infrastructure for rapid breakthroughs in new application areas is also exemplified in the paper.}, language = {English}, journal = {IEEE ACCESS}, author = {Gledec, Gordan and Soic, Renato and Dembitz, Sandor}, year = {2019}, note = {Place: 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA Publisher: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC Type: Article}, keywords = {Biological system modeling, Croatian language, Dictionaries, Google, Heaps' law, Licenses, Linguistics, Natural language processing, Tools, language modeling, lexical n-gram, n-gram system comparison}, pages = {149988--149995}, }
@article{TMS:MOLAOB, author = {Moltmann, Friederike}, year = {2018}, title = {An Object-Based Truthmaker Semantics for Modals}, journal = {Philosophical Issues}, volume = {28}, number = {1}, pages = {255-288}, doi = {10.1111/phis.12124}, keywords = {linguistics, exact truthmakers}, }
@book{hock_languages_2016, address = {Berlin}, series = {The {World} of {Linguistics}}, title = {The languages and linguistics of {South} {Asia}: {A} comprehensive guide}, isbn = {978-3-11-042715-8}, shorttitle = {The languages and linguistics of {South} {Asia}}, number = {7}, publisher = {De Gruyter Mouton}, editor = {Hock, Hans Henrich and Bashir, Elena L.}, year = {2016}, note = {OCLC: ocn931648083}, keywords = {Language and culture, Language and languages, Languages, Linguistics, Multilingualism, South Asia, grammars}, }
@article{clavero_interdisciplinarity_2016, title = {Interdisciplinarity to reconstruct historical introductions: solving the status of cryptogenic crayfish}, volume = {91}, issn = {1469-185X}, shorttitle = {Interdisciplinarity to reconstruct historical introductions}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12205/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/brv.12205}, abstract = {Anciently introduced species can be confounded with native species because introduction pre-dates the first species inventories or because of the loss of the collective memory of the introductions. The term ‘cryptogenic species’ denotes species of unknown or unclear status (native versus non-native) in a given territory, and disciplinary approaches are often insufficient for solving their true status. Here, we follow an integrative, multidisciplinary approach to solve the status of a cryptogenic species, proposing that building on evidence from multiple disciplines can produce robust and clarifying insights. We undertook an exhaustive review of information on a putatively native crayfish (Austropotamobius italicus) in Spain. The reviewed information included taxonomy, genetics and phylogeography, history, archaeology, linguistics, biogeography, ecology, symbiotic organisms and even gastronomy and pharmacy. The knowledge produced by different scientific disciplines converges to indicate that A. italicus is a non-native species in Spain. Historical documents even identify the first introduction event: crayfish were shipped from Italy to Spain in 1588 as a diplomatic gift from Francesco I de' Medici to King Philip II of Spain. Previous discussions on the status of A. italicus focussed on inconclusive and often confusing genetic results and excluded the rich and clarifying evidence available from other approaches and disciplines. Interdisciplinarity is an often-invoked but rarely implemented practice in an academic environment that increasingly promotes narrow-focussed specialization. Our review shows that the integration of disciplines can surpass disciplinary approaches in solving scientific controversies. Our results have straightforward implications for strategies to conserve biological diversity in Spain and Europe, urging a debate on the appropriateness of devoting conservation efforts to non-native species.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-01-30TZ}, journal = {Biological Reviews}, author = {Clavero, Miguel and Nores, Carlos and Kubersky-Piredda, Susanne and Centeno-Cuadros, Alejandro}, month = nov, year = {2016}, keywords = {Austropotamobius, Biogeography, Habsburg Spain, Non-native species, Phylogeography, biological invasions, conservation biology, historical ecology, interdisciplinary science, linguistics}, pages = {1036--1049} }
@article{erlewine_streamlined_2016, title = {A streamlined approach to online linguistic surveys}, volume = {34}, issn = {0167-806X, 1573-0859}, doi = {10.1007/s11049-015-9305-9}, abstract = {More and more researchers in linguistics use large-scale experiments to test hypotheses about the data they research, in addition to more traditional informant work. In this paper we describe a new set of free, open-source tools that allow linguists to post studies online, turktools. These tools allow for the creation of a wide range of linguistic tasks, including grammaticality surveys, sentence completion tasks, and picture-matching tasks, allowing for easily implemented large-scale linguistic studies. Our tools further help streamline the design of such experiments and assist in the extraction and analysis of the resulting data. Surveys created using the tools described in this paper can be posted on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service, a popular crowdsourcing platform that mediates between ‘Requesters’ who can post surveys online and ‘Workers’ who complete them. This allows many linguistic surveys to be completed within hours or days and at relatively low costs. Alternatively, researchers can host these randomized experiments on their own servers using a supplied server-side component.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2016-05-11}, journal = {Natural Language \& Linguistic Theory}, author = {Erlewine, Michael Yoshitaka and Kotek, Hadas}, month = may, year = {2016}, keywords = {Amazon Mechanical Turk, Crowdsourcing, Experimental methods, Language Translation and Linguistics, Linguistics, general, MTurk, Online surveys, Philosophy of Language, Software, Web-based experiments}, pages = {481--495} }
@article{pitts_tarsus_2014, title = {Tarsus or {Jerusalem}? {A} {Syntactic} {Argument} for {Tarsus} as the {City} of {Paul}'s {Youth} in {Acts} 22:3}, volume = {47}, journal = {Filología Neotestamentaria}, author = {Pitts, Andrew}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Biblical Studies, CBLTE, Linguistics}, pages = {75--82} }
@article{berhanu_beyene_notes_2013, title = {Notes on {Encoding} {Ethiopic} for {LATEX}}, volume = {3}, url = {http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/575}, abstract = {Encoding Ethiopic for computer application is increasingly important for linguists, librarians, information and communication technologists. This paper focusses on encoding Ethiopic for the LATEX document preparation system, and on the methods and principles of the ethiop package which supports Ethiopie for LATEX. ethiop is a package developed by a research group at the University of Hamburg, that integrates Ethiopic to the TEX/LATEX system. We hope that this package opens up a new venue to scientific and mathematical document processing, using the rich and well developed TEX/LATEX system. Moreover, it could render a better data exchange mechanism by virtue of its platform independence and plain ASCII nature.}, journal = {Aethiopica}, author = {{Berhanu Beyene} and Kudlek, Manfred and Kummer, Olaf}, year = {2013}, keywords = {Amharic, Computer Science, Ethiopic, Latex, Linguistics}, pages = {132--152} }
@article{dingemanse_is_2013, Author = {Dingemanse, Mark and Torreira, Francisco and Enfield, Nicholas J}, Date = {2013}, Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 06:32:30 +0000}, Doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0078273}, Journal = {PLOS ONE}, Keywords = {acoustic phonetics, conversation, descriptive, disfluencies, evolution of language, f0, formant frequencies, linguistics, pauses, phonetics, prosody, repairs, speaking styles, temporal factors, universals}, Number = {11}, Pages = {1--10}, Title = {Is ``Huh?'' a universal word? Conversational infrastructure and the convergent evolution of linguistic items}, Volume = {8}, Year = {2013}, Abstract = {word like Huh?--used as a repair initiator when, for example, one has not clearly heard what someone just said-- is found in roughly the same form and function in spoken languages across the globe. We investigate it in naturally occurring conversations in ten languages and present evidence and arguments for two distinct claims: that Huh? is universal, and that it is a word. In support of the first, we show that the similarities in form and function of this interjection across languages are much greater than expected by chance. In support of the second claim we show that it is a lexical, conventionalised form that has to be learnt, unlike grunts or emotional cries. We discuss possible reasons for the cross-linguistic similarity and propose an account in terms of convergent evolution. Huh? is a universal word not because it is innate but because it is shaped by selective pressures in an interactional environment that all languages share: that of other-initiated repair. Our proposal enhances evolutionary models of language change by suggesting that conversational infrastructure can drive the convergent cultural evolution of linguistic items.}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0078273}}
@article{ sorin_pasticciaccio_2013, title = {Le {Pasticciaccio} à la française: les dialogues dans les films de {Kechiche}}, volume = {13}, issn = {14715880}, shorttitle = {Le {Pasticciaccio} à la française}, url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88143670&site=ehost-live}, doi = {10.1386/sfc.13.2.157_1}, abstract = {Kechiche treats dialogue with particular care in his first four films, reducing improvisation by the actors to a minimum. This article will analyse the way in which Kechiche subtly weaves different registers of the French language alongside disparate elements coming from slang and foreign languages. This analysis will be placed in contexts of enunciation, including mise-en-scène, the direction of the actors, the characterization, and the director's own relationship with the French language. Pasolini's notion of pasticciaccio will illuminate the way in which the different linguistic elements combine, as well as the socio-political aspects of the dialogue, which are emphasized by the director's mise-en-scène.}, number = {2}, urldate = {2015-09-26TZ}, journal = {Studies in French Cinema}, author = {Sorin, Cécile}, month = {June}, year = {2013}, keywords = {DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE in motion pictures, FRENCH films, FRENCH language, Kechiche, LINGUISTICS, MIMESIS, MOTION picture producers \& directors, Pasolini, pastiche, polyphony}, pages = {157--170} }
@misc{chomsky_what_2012, title = {What is {Special} {About} {Language}?}, shorttitle = {What is {Special} {About} {Language}?}, url = {http://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=502574321}, urldate = {2012-05-29}, publisher = {University of Arizona}, author = {Chomsky, Noam}, month = feb, year = {2012}, keywords = {Language, Linguistics, Linguistics Lectures, educational content, itunes u} }
@article{ title = {The human genetic history of Oceania: near and remote views of dispersal.}, type = {article}, year = {2010}, identifiers = {[object Object]}, keywords = {Chromosomes, Human, Y,Chromosomes, Human, Y: genetics,DNA, Mitochondrial,DNA, Mitochondrial: genetics,Demography,Emigration and Immigration,Female,Genetics, Population,Haplotypes,Haplotypes: genetics,History, Ancient,Humans,Linguistics,Male,Oceania,Oceanic Ancestry Group,Oceanic Ancestry Group: genetics,Oceanic Ancestry Group: history}, pages = {R194-201}, volume = {20}, websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178767}, month = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, day = {23}, id = {f76953c5-ce52-39a2-89de-966bf4392257}, created = {2017-06-19T13:46:17.041Z}, accessed = {2012-10-24}, file_attached = {true}, profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646}, group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83}, last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:46:17.274Z}, read = {false}, starred = {false}, authored = {false}, confirmed = {true}, hidden = {false}, abstract = {The human history of Oceania is unique in the way that it encompasses both the first out-of-Africa expansion of modern humans to New Guinea and Australia as well as the last regional human occupation of Polynesia. Other anthropological peculiarities of Oceania include features like the extraordinarily rich linguistic diversity especially of New Guinea with about 1,000 often very distinct languages, the independent and early development of agriculture in the highlands of New Guinea about 10,000 years ago, or the long-term isolation of the entire region from the outside world, which lasted as long as until the 1930s for most of the interior of New Guinea. This review will provide an overview on the genetic aspects of human population history of Oceania and how some of the anthropological peculiarities are reflected in human genetic data. Due to current data availability it will mostly focus on insights from sex-specifically inherited mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal DNA, whereas more genome-wide autosomal DNA data are soon expected to add additional details or may correct views obtained from these two, albeit highly complex, genetic loci.}, bibtype = {article}, author = {Kayser, Manfred}, journal = {Current biology : CB}, number = {4} }
@article{ title = {Archaeogenetics--towards a 'new synthesis'?}, type = {article}, year = {2010}, identifiers = {[object Object]}, keywords = {Archaeology,Archaeology: trends,Biological Evolution,Cultural Evolution,Emigration and Immigration,Genetics,Genetics: trends,Humans,Linguistics,Models, Theoretical}, pages = {R162-5}, volume = {20}, websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178762}, month = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier Ltd}, day = {23}, id = {101bbed3-4675-3f2a-bbb3-fcd28d4043f6}, created = {2017-06-19T13:46:17.065Z}, accessed = {2012-10-21}, file_attached = {true}, profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646}, group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83}, last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:46:17.229Z}, read = {false}, starred = {false}, authored = {false}, confirmed = {true}, hidden = {false}, bibtype = {article}, author = {Renfrew, Colin}, journal = {Current biology : CB}, number = {4} }
@article{nebes_apotropaische_2010, title = {Eine apotropäische {Segensformel} in den äthio-sabäischen {Königsinschriften}}, volume = {13}, url = {http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/45}, journal = {Aethiopica}, author = {Nebes, Norbert}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Blessing, Christianity, Ethio-Sabean, Linguistics, Royal Chronicels}, pages = {182--188} }
@inproceedings{rao_final_2010, Address = {Somerville, MA}, Author = {Rao, Rajiv}, Booktitle = {Selected Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Spanish Phonology}, Date = {2010}, Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:45:13 +0000}, Editor = {Ortega-Llebaria, Marta}, Keywords = {América, Cuba, descriptive, disfluencies, duration, Ecuador, España, geographical variation, linguistics, pause duration, pauses, phonetics, prosody, segmental lengthening, Spanish, syntax, temporal factors}, Pages = {69--82}, Publisher = {Cascadilla Proceedings Project}, Title = {Final lengthening and pause duration in three dialects of Spanish}, Url = {http://www.lingref.com/cpp/lasp/4/paper2368.pdf}, Year = {2010}, Abstract = {The present study examines whether the duration of pauses correlates with final lengthening in three domains in Spanish: final word, final syllable, and final stressed syllable. The main findings reveal that final lengthening occurs in all three constituent types both in preboundary and in prepausal situations. The prepausal condition is conducive to increased lengthening of all three constituents involved, which could be a strategy to compensate for decreased intensity at the ends of phrases, or a method of increasing planning time for the production of upcoming ideas. Despite the fact that pauses in general affect final lengthening more than cases with no pause, in this study increased lengthening correlates with PPH boundaries, or shorter pauses. Therefore, for Spanish, there is not some set of cues that indicate stronger or higher ranked phrase boundaries (as seen for European Portuguese), but rather the same cues may function differently in order to cue different phrase boundaries and provide different pragmatic and communicative functions. The empirical findings of the study have theoretical implications as well. It is suggested that combinatory effects of phonetic cues may signal stronger PPH boundaries. The same could be the case for IPs, which implies that each type of phrase may have subcategories based on strength, similar to what is suggested by Frota (2000) for EP.}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.lingref.com/cpp/lasp/4/paper2368.pdf}}
@article{banon_pausa_2010, Author = {Bañón, Antonio Miguel}, Date = {2010}, Date-Modified = {2018-05-13 21:57:22 +0000}, Journal = {Español actual: Revista del español vivo}, Keywords = {discourse, disfluencies, linguistics, pauses, phonetics, politeness, political discourse, pragmatics, prosody, Spanish, speaking styles, temporal factors}, Language = {es}, Pages = {9--46}, Title = {Pausa y descortesía en el debate político-electoral}, Volume = {94}, Year = {2010}}
@article{heldner_pauses_2010, Author = {Heldner, Mattias and Edlund, Jens}, Date = {2010}, Date-Modified = {2018-05-14 08:02:54 +0000}, Doi = {10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.002}, Journal = {Journal of Phonetics}, Keywords = {conversation, descriptive, disfluencies, linguistics, pauses, phonetics, pragmatics, prosody, speaking styles, temporal factors, turn-taking}, Number = {4}, Pages = {555--568}, Title = {Pauses, gaps and overlaps in conversations}, Volume = {38}, Year = {2010}, Abstract = {This paper explores durational aspects of pauses, gaps and overlaps in three different conversational corpora with a view to challenge claims about precision timing in turn-taking. Distributions of pause, gap and overlap durations in conversations are presented, and methodological issues regarding the statistical treatment of such distributions are discussed. The results are related to published minimal response times for spoken utterances and thresholds for detection of acoustic silences in speech. It is shown that turn-taking is generally less precise than is often claimed by researchers in the field of conversation analysis or interactional linguistics. These results are discussed in the light of their implications for models of timing in turn-taking, and for interaction control models in speech technology. In particular, it is argued that the proportion of speaker changes that could potentially be triggered by information immediately preceding the speaker change is large enough for reactive interaction controls models to be viable in speech technology.}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}, Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2010.08.002}}
@article{lusini_gli_2009, title = {Gli {Atti} apocrifi di {Marco}}, volume = {12}, url = {http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/92}, abstract = {The apocryphal Acts of Mark (Gädlä Marqos) were translated from Greek in Ethiopic in the last years of the reign of ʿEzana, between 360 and 370. They are transmitted only by two manuscripts: EMML 1763, ff. 224–227 (=A), dated 1336/37 or 1339/40 and pub-lished by Getatchew Haile, “A new Ethiopic version of the Acts of St. Mark (EMML 1763, ff. 224r–227r)”, Analecta Bollandiana, 99, 1981, pp. 117–134; and Pistoia, Biblioteca Forteguerriana, ms. Martini etiop. n. 5 (= Zanutto n. 2), ff. 82–89 (= B), 18th–19th cent., recently discovered (G.L., “I codici etiopici del Fondo Martini nella Biblioteca Forte-guerriana di Pistoia”, Aethiopica, V, 2002, pp. 156–176, pp. 171–175). A new critical edition of the text of Gädlä Marqos is given here, together with a study of the Christian Ethiopian literature of the Axumite age.}, journal = {Aethiopica}, author = {Lusini, Gianfrancesco}, year = {2009}, keywords = {Apocrypha, Christianity, Gädlä Marqos, Linguistics, Manuscripts, Philology, Text editing}, pages = {7--47} }
@article{siemens_its_2009, title = {'{It}'s a team if you use "reply all"': {An} exploration of research teams in digital humanities environments}, volume = {24}, abstract = {Given that the nature of research work involves computers and a variety of skills and expertise, Digital Humanities researchers are working collaboratively within their institutions and with others nationally and internationallly to undertake the research. This work typically involves the need to coordinate efforts between academics, undergraduate and graduate students, research assistants, computer programmers, librarians, and other individuals as well as the need to manage financial and other resources. Despite this use of collaboration, there has been little formal research on team development within this community. This article reports on a research project exploring the nature of Digital Humanities research teams. Drawing upon interviews with members of the community, a series of exemplary patterns and models of research collaboration are identified and outlined. Important themes include a definition of team which focuses on common tasks and outcomes as well as a need for responsibility and accountability to the team as a whole; elements of a successful team which include clear task definition and productive working relationships over the life of the project and beyond, a need for balance between digital and face-to-face communication and collaboration tools, and potential for more deliberate training in collaboration and team work. The article concludes with recommendations for the individual team members, project leaders, and teams.}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {Literary and Linguistic Computing}, author = {Siemens, Lynne}, month = jun, year = {2009}, note = {PT: J; NR: 29; TC: 4; J9: LIT LINGUIST COMPUT; SI: SI; PG: 9; GA: 687DE; UT: WOS:000284754100010}, keywords = {INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH, Linguistics, Literature}, pages = {225--233}, }
@Article{Finn2008, author = {Amy S Finn and Carla L {Hudson Kam}}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {The curse of knowledge: first language knowledge impairs adult learners' use of novel statistics for word segmentation.}, year = {2008}, number = {2}, pages = {477-99}, volume = {108}, abstract = {We investigated whether adult learners' knowledge of phonotactic restrictions on word forms from their first language impacts their ability to use statistical information to segment words in a novel language. Adults were exposed to a speech stream where English phonotactics and phoneme co-occurrence information conflicted. A control where these did not conflict was also run. Participants chose between words defined by novel statistics and words that are phonotactically possible in English, but had much lower phoneme contingencies. Control participants selected words defined by statistics while experimental participants did not. This result held up with increases in exposure and when segmentation was aided by telling participants a word prior to exposure. It was not the case that participants simply preferred English-sounding words, however, when the stimuli contained very short pauses, participants were able to learn the novel words despite the fact that they violated English phonotactics. Results suggest that prior linguistic knowledge can interfere with learners' abilities to segment words from running speech using purely statistical cues at initial exposure.}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2008.04.002}, keywords = {Adult, Cognition, Female, Humans, Knowledge, Language, Learning, Linguistics, Male, Phonetics, Verbal Learning, 18533142}, }
@incollection{sinclair_language_2007, address = {Bern, Switzerland}, series = {Linguistic {Insights}: {Studies} in {Language} and {Communication}}, title = {Language and {Computing}, {Past} and {Present}}, isbn = {978-3-03911-187-9}, shorttitle = {Language and {Computing}}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1555709315?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, number = {47}, booktitle = {Evidence-{Based} {LSP}: {Translation}, {Text} and {Terminology}}, publisher = {Peter Lang}, author = {Sinclair, John}, editor = {Ahmad, Khurshid and Rogers, Margaret}, year = {2007}, note = {00011 Update - 201405; Last updated - 2016-01-07}, keywords = {CBLTE, English language Modern, Linguistics, collocation, computational approach, lexicology, phraseology}, pages = {21--51} }
@article{ title = {Mining of relations between proteins over biomedical scientific literature using a deep-linguistic approach.}, type = {article}, year = {2007}, identifiers = {[object Object]}, keywords = {animals,artificial intelligence,automation,databases,factual,humans,linguistics,mammals,periodicals topic,plant proteins,proteins,proteins chemistry,proteins physiology,publishing,semantics}, pages = {127-136}, volume = {39}, websites = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17052900}, publisher = {Elsevier}, institution = {Institute of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, CH-8050 Zürich, Switzerland. rinaldi@ifi.unizh.ch}, id = {cd1aee0b-a72b-35d9-9d13-c451c3ae2203}, created = {2011-12-29T19:53:53.000Z}, file_attached = {false}, profile_id = {5284e6aa-156c-3ce5-bc0e-b80cf09f3ef6}, group_id = {066b42c8-f712-3fc3-abb2-225c158d2704}, last_modified = {2017-03-14T14:36:19.698Z}, read = {false}, starred = {false}, authored = {false}, confirmed = {true}, hidden = {false}, citation_key = {Rinaldi2007}, private_publication = {false}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The amount of new discoveries (as published in the scientific literature) in the biomedical area is growing at an exponential rate. This growth makes it very difficult to filter the most relevant results, and thus the extraction of the core information becomes very expensive. Therefore, there is a growing interest in text processing approaches that can deliver selected information from scientific publications, which can limit the amount of human intervention normally needed to gather those results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This paper presents and evaluates an approach aimed at automating the process of extracting functional relations (e.g. interactions between genes and proteins) from scientific literature in the biomedical domain. The approach, using a novel dependency-based parser, is based on a complete syntactic analysis of the corpus. RESULTS: We have implemented a state-of-the-art text mining system for biomedical literature, based on a deep-linguistic, full-parsing approach. The results are validated on two different corpora: the manually annotated genomics information access (GENIA) corpus and the automatically annotated arabidopsis thaliana circadian rhythms (ATCR) corpus. CONCLUSION: We show how a deep-linguistic approach (contrary to common belief) can be used in a real world text mining application, offering high-precision relation extraction, while at the same time retaining a sufficient recall.}, bibtype = {article}, author = {Rinaldi, Fabio and Schneider, Gerold and Kaljurand, Kaarel and Hess, Michael and Andronis, Christos and Konstandi, Ourania and Persidis, Andreas}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence in Medicine}, number = {2} }
@Article{January2007, author = {David January and Edward Kako}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Re-evaluating evidence for linguistic relativity: reply to {B}oroditsky (2001).}, year = {2007}, number = {2}, pages = {417-26}, volume = {104}, abstract = {Six unsuccessful attempts at replicating a key finding in the linguistic relativity literature [Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought?: Mandarin and English speakers' conceptions of time. Cognitive Psychology, 43, 1-22] are reported. In addition to these empirical issues in replicating the original finding, theoretical issues present in the original report are discussed. In sum, we conclude that Boroditsky (2001) provides no support for the Whorfian hypothesis.}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2006.07.008}, keywords = {Cognition, Humans, Language, Linguistics, Thinking, Time Perception, 16914131}, }
@book{aarts_handbook_2006, address = {Malden, MA ; Oxford}, series = {Blackwell handbooks in linguistics}, title = {The handbook of {English} linguistics}, isbn = {978-1-4051-1382-3}, publisher = {Blackwell Pub}, editor = {Aarts, Bas and McMahon, April M. S.}, year = {2006}, note = {OCLC: 64624837}, keywords = {English language, Grammar, Handbooks, manuals, etc, Linguistics}, }
@Article{Gerken2005a, author = {LouAnn Gerken}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Decisions, decisions: {I}nfant language learning when multiple generalizations are possible.}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Two experiments presented infants with artificial language input in which at least two generalizations were logically possible. The results demonstrate that infants made one of the two generalizations tested, the one that was most statistically consistent with the particular subset of the data they received. The experiments shed light on how learners might go about solving the induction problem for human language.}, doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2005.03.003}, keywords = {Child Language, Cues, Female, Humans, Infant, Linguistics, Male, Semantics, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Learning, 15992791}, }
@Article{Filik2004, author = {Ruth Filik and Kevin B Paterson and Simon P Liversedge}, journal = {Psychon Bull Rev}, title = {Processing doubly quantified sentences: {E}vidence from eye movements.}, year = {2004}, number = {5}, pages = {953-9}, volume = {11}, abstract = {We investigated the processing of doubly quantified sentences, such as KeUy showed a photo to every critic, that are ambiguous as to whether the indefinite (a photo) specifies single or multiple referents. Ambiguity resolution requires the computation of relative quantifier scope: Whether a or every takes wide scope, thereby determining how many entities or events are to be represented. In an eye-tracking experiment, we manipulated quantifier order and whether continuations were singular or plural, for constructions with the direct or the indirect object occurring first. We obtained effects consistent with the on-line processing of relative scope at the doubly quantified phrase and considered two possible explanations for a preference for singular continuations to the quantified sentence. We conclude that relative quantifier scope is computed on line during reading but may not be a prerequisite for the resolution of definite anaphors, unless required by secondary tasks.}, keywords = {Eye Movements, Head, Humans, Linguistics, Mental Processes, Movement, Non-U.S. Gov't, Reading, Research Support, 15732709}, }
@Article{Senghas2004, author = {Ann Senghas and Sotaro Kita and Asli Ozy\"urek}, journal = {Science}, title = {Children creating core properties of language: {E}vidence from an emerging sign language in {N}icaragua.}, year = {2004}, number = {5691}, pages = {1779-82}, volume = {305}, abstract = {A new sign language has been created by deaf Nicaraguans over the past 25 years, providing an opportunity to observe the inception of universal hallmarks of language. We found that in their initial creation of the language, children analyzed complex events into basic elements and sequenced these elements into hierarchically structured expressions according to principles not observed in gestures accompanying speech in the surrounding language. Successive cohorts of learners extended this procedure, transforming Nicaraguan signing from its early gestural form into a linguistic system. We propose that this early segmentation and recombination reflect mechanisms with which children learn, and thereby perpetuate, language. Thus, children naturally possess learning abilities capable of giving language its fundamental structure.}, doi = {10.1126/science.1100199}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Child, Cohort Studies, Deafness, Gestures, Humans, Learning, Linguistics, Movement, Nicaragua, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Sign Language, 15375252}, }
@article{ title = {PASBio: predicate-argument structures for event extraction in molecular biology}, type = {article}, year = {2004}, keywords = {cybernetics,cybernetics methods,database management systems,database management systems trends,databases,genetic,humans,linguistics,linguistics methods,molecular biology,molecular biology trends,software}, pages = {155}, volume = {5}, websites = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=535924&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, institution = {National Institute of Informatics, National Center of Sciences, Hitotsubashi 2-1-2, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan. tuangthong@grad.nii.ac.jp <tuangthong@grad.nii.ac.jp>}, id = {d8a01880-d1ab-32a4-a103-f07203eff745}, created = {2011-12-29T19:53:53.000Z}, file_attached = {true}, profile_id = {5284e6aa-156c-3ce5-bc0e-b80cf09f3ef6}, group_id = {066b42c8-f712-3fc3-abb2-225c158d2704}, last_modified = {2017-03-14T14:36:19.698Z}, read = {false}, starred = {false}, authored = {false}, confirmed = {true}, hidden = {false}, citation_key = {Wattarujeekrit2004}, private_publication = {false}, abstract = {Background: The exploitation of information extraction (IE), a technology aiming to provide instances of structured representations from free-form text, has been rapidly growing within the molecular biology (MB) research community to keep track of the latest results reported in literature. IE systems have traditionally used shallow syntactic patterns for matching facts in sentences but such approaches appear inadequate to achieve high accuracy in MB event extraction due to complex sentence structure. A consensus in the IE community is emerging on the necessity for exploiting deeper knowledge structures such as through the relations between a verb and its arguments shown by predicate-argument structure (PAS). PAS is of interest as structures typically correspond to events of interest and their participating entities. For this to be realized within IE a key knowledge component is the definition of PAS frames. PAS frames for non-technical domains such as newswire are already being constructed in several projects such as PropBank, VerbNet, and FrameNet. Knowledge from PAS should enable more accurate applications in several areas where sentence understanding is required like machine translation and text summarization. In this article, we explore the need to adapt PAS for the MB domain and specify PAS frames to support IE, as well as outlining the major issues that require consideration in their construction. Results: We introduce PASBio by extending a model based on PropBank to the MB domain. The hypothesis we explore is that PAS holds the key for understanding relationships describing the roles of genes and gene products in mediating their biological functions. We chose predicates describing gene expression, molecular interactions and signal transduction events with the aim of covering a number of research areas in MB. Analysis was performed on sentences containing a set of verbal predicates from MEDLINE and full text journals. Results confirm the necessity to analyze PAS specifically for MB domain. Conclusions: At present PASBio contains the analyzed PAS of over 30 verbs, publicly available on the Internet for use in advanced applications. In the future we aim to expand the knowledge base to cover more verbs and the nominal form of each predicate.}, bibtype = {article}, author = {Wattarujeekrit, Tuangthong and Shah, Parantu K and Collier, Nigel}, journal = {BMC Bioinformatics}, number = {1} }
@Article{Jones2004, author = {Michael N Jones and D. J K Mewhort}, journal = {Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput}, title = {Case-sensitive letter and bigram frequency counts from large-scale {E}nglish corpora.}, year = {2004}, number = {3}, pages = {388-96}, volume = {36}, abstract = {We tabulated upper- and lowercase letter frequency using several large-scale English corpora (approximately 183 million words in total). The results indicate that the relative frequencies for upper- and lowercase letters are not equivalent. We report a letter-naming experiment in which uppercase frequency predicted response time to uppercase letters better than did lowercase frequency. Tables of case-sensitive letter and bigram frequency are provided, including common nonalphabetic characters. Because subjects are sensitive to frequency relationships among letters, we recommend that experimenters use case-sensitive counts when constructing stimuli from letters.}, keywords = {Cues, Fixation, Humans, Linguistics, Ocular, Periodicity, Visual Perception, Vocabulary, 15641428}, }
@Article{Singleton2004, author = {Jenny L Singleton and Elissa L Newport}, journal = {Cognit Psychol}, title = {When learners surpass their models: {T}he acquisition of {A}merican {S}ign {L}anguage from inconsistent input.}, year = {2004}, number = {4}, pages = {370-407}, volume = {49}, abstract = {The present study examines the impact of highly inconsistent input on language acquisition. The American deaf community provides a unique opportunity to observe children exposed to nonnative language models as their only linguistic input. This research is a detailed case study of one child acquiring his native language in such circumstances. It asks whether this child is capable of organizing a natural language out of input data that are not representative of certain natural language principles. Simon is a deaf child whose deaf parents both learned American Sign Language (ASL) after age 15. Simon's only ASL input is provided by his late-learner parents. The study examines Simon's performance at age 7 on an ASL morphology task, compared with eight children who have native signing parents, and also compared with Simon's own parents. The results show that Simon's production of ASL substantially surpasses that of his parents. Simon's parents, like other late learners of ASL, perform below adult native signing criteria, with many inconsistencies and errors in their use of ASL morphology. In contrast, Simon's performance is much more regular, and in fact on most ASL morphemes is equal to that of children exposed to a native signing model. The results thus indicate that Simon is capable of acquiring a regular and orderly morphological rule system for which his input provides only highly inconsistent and noisy data. In addition, the results provide some insight into the mechanisms by which such learning may occur. Although the ASL situation is rare, it reveals clues that may contribute to our understanding of the human capacity for language learning.}, doi = {10.1016/j.cogpsych.2004.05.001}, keywords = {Child, Deafness, Humans, Linguistics, Male, P.H.S., Research Support, Sign Language, U.S. Gov't, Verbal Learning, 15342259}, }
@book{coulmas_writing_2003, address = {Cambridge}, title = {Writing {Systems}: {An} {Introduction} to their {Linguistic} {Analysis}}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Coulmas, Florian}, year = {2003}, keywords = {2508} }
@Article{Salverda2003, author = {Anne Pier Salverda and Delphine Dahan and James M McQueen}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {The role of prosodic boundaries in the resolution of lexical embedding in speech comprehension.}, year = {2003}, number = {1}, pages = {51-89}, volume = {90}, abstract = {Participants' eye movements were monitored as they heard sentences and saw four pictured objects on a computer screen. Participants were instructed to click on the object mentioned in the sentence. There were more transitory fixations to pictures representing monosyllabic words (e.g. ham) when the first syllable of the target word (e.g. hamster) had been replaced by a recording of the monosyllabic word than when it came from a different recording of the target word. This demonstrates that a phonemically identical sequence can contain cues that modulate its lexical interpretation. This effect was governed by the duration of the sequence, rather than by its origin (i.e. which type of word it came from). The longer the sequence, the more monosyllabic-word interpretations it generated. We argue that cues to lexical-embedding disambiguation, such as segmental lengthening, result from the realization of a prosodic boundary that often but not always follows monosyllabic words, and that lexical candidates whose word boundaries are aligned with prosodic boundaries are favored in the word-recognition process.}, doi = {10.1016/s0010-0277(03)00139-2}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Cognition, Eye Movements, Female, Humans, Linguistics, Male, Recognition (Psychology), Speech, User-Computer Interface, 14597270}, }
@Article{Zhang2003, author = {Li I Zhang and Andrew Y Y Tan and Christoph E Schreiner and Michael M Merzenich}, journal = {Nature}, title = {Topography and synaptic shaping of direction selectivity in primary auditory cortex.}, year = {2003}, number = {6945}, pages = {201-5}, volume = {424}, abstract = {The direction of frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps is an important temporal cue in animal and human communication. FM direction-selective neurons are found in the primary auditory cortex (A1), but their topography and the mechanisms underlying their selectivity remain largely unknown. Here we report that in the rat A1, direction selectivity is topographically ordered in parallel with characteristic frequency (CF): low CF neurons preferred upward sweeps, whereas high CF neurons preferred downward sweeps. The asymmetry of 'inhibitory sidebands', suppressive regions flanking the tonal receptive field (TRF) of the spike response, also co-varied with CF. In vivo whole-cell recordings showed that the direction selectivity already present in the synaptic inputs was enhanced by cortical synaptic inhibition, which suppressed the synaptic excitation of the non-preferred direction more than that of the preferred. The excitatory and inhibitory synaptic TRFs had identical spectral tuning, but with inhibition delayed relative to excitation. The spectral asymmetry of the synaptic TRFs co-varied with CF, as had direction selectivity and sideband asymmetry, and thus suggested a synaptic mechanism for the shaping of FM direction selectivity and its topographic ordering.}, doi = {10.1038/nature01796}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, Broca, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, X-Ray Computed, Sprague-Dawley, 12853959}, }
@Article{Poirazi2003a, author = {Panayiota Poirazi and Terrence Brannon and Bartlett W Mel}, journal = {Neuron}, title = {Pyramidal neuron as two-layer neural network.}, year = {2003}, number = {6}, pages = {989-99}, volume = {37}, abstract = {The pyramidal neuron is the principal cell type in the mammalian forebrain, but its function remains poorly understood. Using a detailed compartmental model of a hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell, we recorded responses to complex stimuli consisting of dozens of high-frequency activated synapses distributed throughout the apical dendrites. We found the cell's firing rate could be predicted by a simple formula that maps the physical components of the cell onto those of an abstract two-layer "neural network." In the first layer, synaptic inputs drive independent sigmoidal subunits corresponding to the cell's several dozen long, thin terminal dendrites. The subunit outputs are then summed within the main trunk and cell body prior to final thresholding. We conclude that insofar as the neural code is mediated by average firing rate, a two-layer neural network may provide a useful abstraction for the computing function of the individual pyramidal neuron.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, 12670427}, }
@Article{Gawne2002, author = {Timothy J Gawne and Julie M Martin}, journal = {J Neurophysiol}, title = {Responses of primate visual cortical {V}4 neurons to simultaneously presented stimuli.}, year = {2002}, number = {3}, pages = {1128-35}, volume = {88}, abstract = {We report here results from 45 primate V4 visual cortical neurons to the preattentive presentations of seven different patterns located in two separate areas of the same receptive field and to combinations of the patterns in the two locations. For many neurons, we could not determine any clear relationship for the responses to two simultaneous stimuli. However, for a substantial fraction of the neurons we found that the firing rate was well modeled as the maximum firing rate of each stimulus presented separately. It has previously been proposed that taking the maximum of the inputs ("MAX" operator) could be a useful operation for neurons in visual cortex, although there has until now been little direct physiological evidence for this hypothesis. Our results here provide direct support for the hypothesis that the MAX operator plays a significant (although certainly not exclusive) role in generating the receptive field properties of visual cortical neurons.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, 12205134}, }
@Article{Pinker2002a, author = {Steven Pinker and Michael T Ullman}, journal = {Trends Cogn Sci}, title = {The past and future of the past tense.}, year = {2002}, number = {11}, pages = {456-463}, volume = {6}, abstract = {What is the interaction between storage and computation in language processing? What is the psychological status of grammatical rules? What are the relative strengths of connectionist and symbolic models of cognition? How are the components of language implemented in the brain? The English past tense has served as an arena for debates on these issues. We defend the theory that irregular past-tense forms are stored in the lexicon, a division of declarative memory, whereas regular forms can be computed by a concatenation rule, which requires the procedural system. Irregulars have the psychological, linguistic and neuropsychological signatures of lexical memory, whereas regulars often have the signatures of grammatical processing. Furthermore, because regular inflection is rule-driven, speakers can apply it whenever memory fails.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, 12457895}, }
@Article{Freedman2002, author = {David J Freedman and Maximilian Riesenhuber and Tomaso Poggio and Earl K Miller}, journal = {J Neurophysiol}, title = {Visual categorization and the primate prefrontal cortex: {N}europhysiology and behavior.}, year = {2002}, number = {2}, pages = {929-41}, volume = {88}, abstract = {The ability to group stimuli into meaningful categories is a fundamental cognitive process. To explore its neuronal basis, we trained monkeys to categorize computer-generated stimuli as "cats" and "dogs." A morphing system was used to systematically vary stimulus shape and precisely define a category boundary. Psychophysical testing and analysis of eye movements suggest that the monkeys categorized the stimuli by attending to multiple stimulus features. Neuronal activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex reflected the category of visual stimuli and changed with learning when a monkey was retrained with the same stimuli assigned to new categories. Further, many neurons showed activity that appeared to reflect the monkey's decision about whether two stimuli were from the same category or not. These results suggest that the lateral prefrontal cortex is an important part of the neuronal circuitry underlying category learning and category-based behaviors.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, 12163542}, }
@article{stubbs_two_2002, title = {Two {Quantitative} {Methods} of {Studying} {Phraseology} in {English}}, volume = {7}, shorttitle = {Two {Quantitative} {Methods}}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/54027139?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {International Journal of Corpus Linguistics}, author = {Stubbs, Michael}, year = {2002}, note = {Update - 200301; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, English language Modern, Linguistics, automatic extraction, collocation, lexicology, phraseology, word frequency}, pages = {215--244} }
@Article{Gabbiani-Multiply, author = {Fabrizio Gabbiani and Holger G Krapp and Christof Koch and Gilles Laurent}, journal = {Nature}, title = {Multiplicative computation in a visual neuron sensitive to looming.}, year = {2002}, number = {6913}, pages = {320-4}, volume = {420}, abstract = {Multiplicative operations are important in sensory processing, but their biophysical implementation remains largely unknown. We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose output firing rate in response to looming visual stimuli has been described by two models, one of which involves a multiplication. In this model, the LGMD multiplies postsynaptically two inputs (one excitatory, one inhibitory) that converge onto its dendritic tree; in the other model, inhibition is presynaptic to the LGMD. By using selective activation and inactivation of pre- and postsynaptic inhibition, we show that postsynaptic inhibition has a predominant role, suggesting that multiplication is implemented within the neuron itself. Our pharmacological experiments and measurements of firing rate versus membrane potential also reveal that sodium channels act both to advance the response of the LGMD in time and to map membrane potential to firing rate in a nearly exponential manner. These results are consistent with an implementation of multiplication based on dendritic subtraction of two converging inputs encoded logarithmically, followed by exponentiation through active membrane conductances.}, doi = {10.1038/nature01190}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, 12447440}, }
@Article{Pena2002, author = {Pe{\~n}a, Marcela and Bonatti, Luca L and Nespor, Marina and Mehler, Jacques}, journal = {Science}, title = {Signal-driven computations in speech processing.}, year = {2002}, number = {5593}, pages = {604-7}, volume = {298}, abstract = {Learning a language requires both statistical computations to identify words in speech and algebraic-like computations to discover higher level (grammatical) structure. Here we show that these computations can be influenced by subtle cues in the speech signal. After a short familiarization to a continuous speech stream, adult listeners are able to segment it using powerful statistics, but they fail to extract the structural regularities included in the stream even when the familiarization is greatly extended. With the introduction of subliminal segmentation cues, however, these regularities can be rapidly captured.}, doi = {10.1126/science.1072901}, keywords = {Adult, Cues, France, Human, Language, Learning, Linguistics, Phonetics, Probability, Speech Perception, Statistics, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Vocabulary, 12386323}, }
@Article{Nowak2002, author = {Martin A Nowak and Natalia L Komarova and Partha Niyogi}, journal = {Nature}, title = {Computational and evolutionary aspects of language.}, year = {2002}, number = {6889}, pages = {611-7}, volume = {417}, abstract = {Language is our legacy. It is the main evolutionary contribution of humans, and perhaps the most interesting trait that has emerged in the past 500 million years. Understanding how darwinian evolution gives rise to human language requires the integration of formal language theory, learning theory and evolutionary dynamics. Formal language theory provides a mathematical description of language and grammar. Learning theory formalizes the task of language acquisition it can be shown that no procedure can learn an unrestricted set of languages. Universal grammar specifies the restricted set of languages learnable by the human brain. Evolutionary dynamics can be formulated to describe the cultural evolution of language and the biological evolution of universal grammar.}, doi = {10.1038/nature00771}, keywords = {Brain, Culture, Evolution, Human, Language, Learning, Linguistics, Models, Biological, Sound, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., 12050656}, }
@Article{Wolff2001, author = {C Wolff and E Schr\"oger}, journal = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res}, title = {Activation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system by tone repetitions with fast stimulation rate.}, year = {2001}, number = {3}, pages = {323-7}, volume = {10}, abstract = {The human automatic pre-attentive change detection system indexed by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related brain potential is known to be highly adaptive. The present study showed that even infrequent repetitions of tones can elicit MMN, independently of attention, when tones of varying frequency are rapidly presented in an isochronous rhythm. This demonstrates that frequency variation can be extracted as an invariant feature of the acoustic environment revealing the capacity for adaptation of the auditory pre-attentive change detection system. It is argued that this capacity is related to the temporal-window of integration.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, Broca, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, X-Ray Computed, 11167055}, }
@Article{Fiser2001, author = {J Fiser and Richard N Aslin}, journal = {Psychol Sci}, title = {Unsupervised statistical learning of higher-order spatial structures from visual scenes.}, year = {2001}, number = {6}, pages = {499-504}, volume = {12}, abstract = {Three experiments investigated the ability of human observers to extract the joint and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences during passive viewing of complex visual scenes. Results indicated that statistical learning of shape conjunctions was both rapid and automatic, as subjects were not instructed to attend to any particularfeatures of the displays. Moreover, in addition to single-shape frequency, subjects acquired in parallel several different higher-order aspects of the statistical structure of the displays, including absolute shape-position relations in an array, shape-pair arrangements independent of position, and conditional probabilities of shape co-occurrences. Unsupervised learning of these higher-order statistics provides support for Barlow's theory of visual recognition, which posits that detecting "suspicious coincidences" of elements during recognition is a necessary prerequisite for efficient learning of new visual features.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, 11760138}, }
@Article{Sigman2001, author = {M Sigman and GA Cecchi and CD Gilbert and MO Magnasco}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, title = {On a common circle: {N}atural scenes and {G}estalt rules.}, year = {2001}, number = {4}, pages = {1935-40}, volume = {98}, abstract = {To understand how the human visual system analyzes images, it is essential to know the structure of the visual environment. In particular, natural images display consistent statistical properties that distinguish them from random luminance distributions. We have studied the geometric regularities of oriented elements (edges or line segments) present in an ensemble of visual scenes, asking how much information the presence of a segment in a particular location of the visual scene carries about the presence of a second segment at different relative positions and orientations. We observed strong long-range correlations in the distribution of oriented segments that extend over the whole visual field. We further show that a very simple geometric rule, cocircularity, predicts the arrangement of segments in natural scenes, and that different geometrical arrangements show relevant differences in their scaling properties. Our results show similarities to geometric features of previous physiological and psychophysical studies. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of early vision.}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.031571498}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, 11172054}, }
@Article{Tunney2001, author = {RJ Tunney and Gerry TM Altmann}, journal = {J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn}, title = {Two modes of transfer in artificial grammar learning.}, year = {2001}, number = {3}, pages = {614-39}, volume = {27}, abstract = {Participants can transfer grammatical knowledge acquired implicitly in 1 vocabulary to new sequences instantiated in both the same and a novel vocabulary. Two principal theories have been advanced to account for these effects. One suggests that sequential dependencies form the basis for cross-domain transfer (e.g., Z. Dienes, G. T. M. Altmann, & S. J. Gao, 1999). Another argues that a form of episodic memory known as abstract analogy is sufficient (e.g., L. R. Brooks & J. R. Vokey, 1991). Three experiments reveal the contributions of the 2. In Experiment 1 sequential dependencies form the only basis for transfer. Experiment 2 demonstrates that this process is impaired by a change in the distributional properties of the language. Experiment 3 demonstrates that abstract analogy of repetition structure is relatively immune to such a change. These findings inform theories of artificial grammar learning and the transfer of grammatical knowledge.}, keywords = {Adult, Female, Human, Learning, Linguistics, Male, Models, Psychological, Serial Learning, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Transfer (Psychology), Vocabulary, 11394670}, }
@Article{Horvath2001, author = {J Horv\'{a}th and I Czigler and E Sussman and I Winkler}, journal = {Brain Res Cogn Brain Res}, title = {Simultaneously active pre-attentive representations of local and global rules for sound sequences in the human brain.}, year = {2001}, number = {1}, pages = {131-44}, volume = {12}, abstract = {Regular sequences of sounds (i.e., non-random) can usually be described by several, equally valid rules. Rules allowing extrapolation from one sound to the next are termed local rules, those that define relations between temporally non-adjacent sounds are termed global rules. The aim of the present study was to determine whether both local and global rules can be simultaneously extracted from a sound sequence even when attention is directed away from the auditory stimuli. The pre-attentive representation of a sequence of two alternating tones (differing only in frequency) was investigated using the mismatch negativity (MMN) auditory event-related potential. Both local- and global-rule violations of tone alternation elicited the MMN component while subjects ignored the auditory stimuli. This finding suggests that (a) pre-attentive auditory processes can extract both local and global rules from sound sequences, and (b) that several regularity representations of a sound sequence are simultaneously maintained during the pre-attentive phase of auditory stimulus processing.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, 11489616}, }
@Article{Hauser2001, author = {Hauser, Marc D and Newport, Elissa L and Aslin, Richard N}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Segmentation of the speech stream in a non-human primate: {S}tatistical learning in cotton-top tamarins.}, year = {2001}, number = {3}, pages = {B53-64}, volume = {78}, abstract = {Previous work has shown that human adults, children, and infants can rapidly compute sequential statistics from a stream of speech and then use these statistics to determine which syllable sequences form potential words. In the present paper we ask whether this ability reflects a mechanism unique to humans, or might be used by other species as well, to acquire serially organized patterns. In a series of four experimental conditions, we exposed a New World monkey, the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), to the same speech streams used by Saffran, Aslin, and Newport (Science 274 (1996) 1926) with human infants, and then tested their learning using similar methods to those used with infants. Like humans, tamarins showed clear evidence of discriminating between sequences of syllables that differed only in the frequency or probability with which they occurred in the input streams. These results suggest that both humans and non-human primates possess mechanisms capable of computing these particular aspects of serial order. Future work must now show where humans' (adults and infants) and non-human primates' abilities in these tasks diverge.}, doi = {10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00132-3}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, 11124355}, }
@Article{Thoroughman2000, author = {KA Thoroughman and R Shadmehr}, journal = {Nature}, title = {Learning of action through adaptive combination of motor primitives.}, year = {2000}, number = {6805}, pages = {742-7}, volume = {407}, abstract = {Understanding how the brain constructs movements remains a fundamental challenge in neuroscience. The brain may control complex movements through flexible combination of motor primitives, where each primitive is an element of computation in the sensorimotor map that transforms desired limb trajectories into motor commands. Theoretical studies have shown that a system's ability to learn action depends on the shape of its primitives. Using a time-series analysis of error patterns, here we show that humans learn the dynamics of reaching movements through a flexible combination of primitives that have gaussian-like tuning functions encoding hand velocity. The wide tuning of the inferred primitives predicts limitations on the brain's ability to represent viscous dynamics. We find close agreement between the predicted limitations and the subjects' adaptation to new force fields. The mathematical properties of the derived primitives resemble the tuning curves of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. The activity of these cells may encode primitives that underlie the learning of dynamics.}, doi = {10.1038/35037588}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, Gestalt Theory, Mathematical Computing, Perceptual Closure, Vestibulocochlear Nerve, Brain Damage, Chronic, Regional Blood Flow, Thinking, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Case-Control Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Artificial Intelligence, Depth Perception, 11048700}, }
@Article{Hahn2000, author = {U Hahn and RC Nakisa}, journal = {Cognit Psychol}, title = {German inflection: {S}ingle route or dual route?}, year = {2000}, number = {4}, pages = {313-60}, volume = {41}, abstract = {The German plural system has recently become a focal point for conflicting theories of language, both linguistic and cognitive. Marcus et al. (1995) highlight the German plural as support for the dual-route account of inflectional morphology first proposed by Pinker and colleagues (Pinker & Prince, 1988). On the dual-route account, inflectional morphology is universally subserved by a symbolic rule route which deals with regular inflection and an associative memory component which deals with irregular inflection. This contrasts with single-route connectionist systems. We seek to counter supposed evidence for the dual-route account through large-scale simulations as well as through experimental data. We argue that, in its current form, the dual-route account is incapable of generating experimental data provided by Marcus et al. (1995) as support. Finally, we provide direct quantitative comparisons between single-route and dual-route models of German plural inflection and find single-route performance superior on these tests.}, doi = {10.1006/cogp.2000.0737}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, 11121259}, }
@ARTICLE{Soto-Faraco2000, author = {S Soto-Faraco}, title = {An auditory repetition deficit under low memory load.}, journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform}, year = {2000}, volume = {26}, pages = {264-78}, number = {1}, abstract = {Previous studies of the auditory analogue of repetition blindness have led to different conclusions regarding the nature of the effect (e.g., N. Kanwisher & M. C. Potter, 1989; M. Miller & D. MacKay, 1994). In the present study, recall accuracy for repeated elements was examined with lists of 2 or 3 items presented dichotically under high temporal pressure. When this procedure was used, a repetition deficit in recall was obtained for both vowels (Experiment 1) and consonant-vowel syllables (Experiment 2). Further experiments demonstrated that this deficit decreases as the stimulus onset asynchrony between the 2 critical elements increases (Experiment 3) and showed that the effect also occurs for words and not just nonsense syllables (Experiment 4). In all 4 experiments, estimations of guessing biases showed that responses to unrepeated lists were not artificially favored over responses to repeated lists.}, keywords = {Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory Perception, Dominance, Cerebral, Female, Human, Linguistics, Male, Memory, Mental Recall, Practice (Psychology), Refractory Period, Psychological, Spain, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Time Factors, 10696617} }
@article{marrassini_philological_2000, title = {Some philological problems in the "{Miracles}" of {Gabra} {Manfas} {Qeddus}}, volume = {3}, url = {http://journals.sub.uni-hamburg.de/aethiopica/article/view/571}, abstract = {The philological examination of the genealogical tree of the “Miracles” of Gabra Manfas Qeddus, based of course on the principle of conjunctive errors and not on that of marginal similarities, has shown two important phenomena: 1. that not just one, but at least six different stemmas (for miracles I, II‑VII, VIII, IX, X‑XIII) can be identified; and 2. that none of these stemmas has the slightest relationship with those already identified for the “Life”. This involves an important historical consequence, because it demonstrates the profound difference, which has always been supposed in hagiography, between the redaction of the “Life” and that of the “Miracles” of the same saint.}, journal = {Aethiopica}, author = {Marrassini, Paolo}, year = {2000}, keywords = {Edition, Ethiopic, History, Homily, Linguistics, Miracles, Philology, Text editing}, pages = {45--78} }
@Article{Tomasello2000a, author = {Tomasello, Michael}, journal = {Trends Cogn Sci}, title = {The item-based nature of children's early syntactic development.}, year = {2000}, number = {4}, pages = {156-163}, volume = {4}, abstract = {Recent research using both naturalistic and experimental methods has found that the vast majority of young children's early language is organized around concrete, item-based linguistic schemas. From this beginning, children then construct more abstract and adult-like linguistic constructions, but only gradually and in piecemeal fashion. These new data present significant problems for nativist accounts of children's language development that use adult-like linguistic categories, structures and formal grammars as analytical tools. Instead, the best account of these data is provided by a usage-based model in which children imitatively learn concrete linguistic expressions from the language they hear around them, and then - using their general cognitive and social-cognitive skills - categorize, schematize and creatively combine these individually learned expressions and structures.}, keywords = {Adult, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Human, Infant, Language Development, Linguistics, Male, 10740280}, }
@Article{GomezGerkenTICS2000, author = {Rebecca L G\'{o}mez and LouAnn Gerken}, journal = {Trends Cogn Sci}, title = {Infant artificial language learning and language acquisition.}, year = {2000}, number = {5}, pages = {178-186}, volume = {4}, abstract = {The rapidity with which children acquire language is one of the mysteries of human cognition. A view held widely for the past 30 years is that children master language by means of a language-specific learning device. An earlier proposal, which has generated renewed interest, is that children make use of domain-general, associative learning mechanisms. However, our current lack of knowledge of the actual learning mechanisms involved during infancy makes it difficult to determine the relative contributions of innate and acquired knowledge. A recent approach to studying this problem exposes infants to artificial languages and assesses the resulting learning. In this article, we review studies using this paradigm that have led to a number of exciting discoveries regarding the learning mechanisms available during infancy. These studies raise important issues with respect to whether such mechanisms are general or specific to language, the extent to which they reflect statistical learning versus symbol manipulation, and the extent to which such mechanisms change with development. The fine-grained characterizations of infant learning mechanisms that this approach permits should result in a better understanding of the relative contributions of, and the dynamic between, innate and learned factors in language acquisition.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, 10782103}, }
@Article{Gomez2000, author = {Rebecca L G\'{o}mez and LouAnn Gerken and RW Schvaneveldt}, journal = {Mem Cognit}, title = {The basis of transfer in artificial grammar learning.}, year = {2000}, number = {2}, pages = {253-63}, volume = {28}, abstract = {In two experiments, we examined the extent to which knowledge of sequential dependencies and/or patterns of repeating elements is used during transfer in artificial grammar learning. According to one view of transfer, learners abstract the grammar's sequential dependencies and then learn a mapping to new vocabulary at test (Dienes, Altmann, & Gao, 1999). Elements that are repeated have no special status on this view, and so a logical prediction is that learners should transfer as well after exposure to a grammar without repetitions as after exposure to a grammar with them. On another view, repetition structure is the very basis of transfer (Brooks & Vokey, 1991; Mathews & Roussel, 1997). Learners were trained on grammars with or without repeating elements to test these competing views. Learners demonstrated considerable knowledge of sequential dependencies in their training vocabulary but did not use such knowledge to transfer to a new vocabulary. Transfer only occurred in the presence of repetition structure, demonstrating this to be the basis of transfer.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, 10790980}, }
@Article{Eimas1999, author = {PD Eimas}, journal = {Science}, title = {Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics?}, year = {1999}, number = {5413}, pages = {435-6; author reply 436-7}, volume = {284}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, 9872745}, }
@Article{Krebs1999, author = {HI Krebs and ML Aisen and BT Volpe and N Hogan}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, title = {Quantization of continuous arm movements in humans with brain injury.}, year = {1999}, number = {8}, pages = {4645-9}, volume = {96}, abstract = {Segmentation of apparently continuous movement has been reported for over a century by human movement researchers, but the existence of primitive submovements has never been proved. In 20 patients recovering from a single cerebral vascular accident (stroke), we identified the apparent submovements that composed a continuous arm motion in an unloaded task. Kinematic analysis demonstrated a submovement speed profile that was invariant across patients with different brain lesions and provided experimental verification of the detailed shape of primitive submovements. The submovement shape was unaffected by its peak speed, and to test further the invariance of shape with speed, we analyzed movement behavior in a patient with myoclonus. This patient occasionally made involuntary shock-like arm movements, which occurred near the maximum capacity of the neuromuscular system, exhibited speed profiles that were comparable to those identified in stroke patients, and were also independent of speed.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, 10200316}, }
@incollection{sinclair_computer_1999, address = {Trieste, Italy}, title = {The {Computer}, the {Corpus} and the {Theory} of {Language}}, volume = {2}, isbn = {9788883030208 (vol. 1); 9788883030215 (vol. 2)}, shorttitle = {Computer, {Corpus}, and {Theory}}, language = {English}, booktitle = {Anglistica e …: {Metodi} e percorsi comparatistici nelle lingue, culture e letterature di origine europea}, publisher = {Università di Trieste}, author = {Sinclair, John}, editor = {Sertoli, Giuseppe and Miglietta, Goffredo and Azzaro, Gabriele and Ulrych, Margherita}, year = {1999}, note = {Update - 200001; SuppNotes - Atti del XVIII Convegno AIA, Genova, 30 settembre-2 ottobre 1996; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, English language Modern, Linguistics, Syntax, collocation, lexicology, phraseology}, pages = {II:1--15} }
@Article{Marcus-Science, author = {Marcus, Gary F and Vijayan, S and Rao, S Bandi and Vishton, PM}, journal = {Science}, title = {Rule learning by seven-month-old infants.}, year = {1999}, number = {5398}, pages = {77-80}, volume = {283}, abstract = {A fundamental task of language acquisition is to extract abstract algebraic rules. Three experiments show that 7-month-old infants attend longer to sentences with unfamiliar structures than to sentences with familiar structures. The design of the artificial language task used in these experiments ensured that this discrimination could not be performed by counting, by a system that is sensitive only to transitional probabilities, or by a popular class of simple neural network models. Instead, these results suggest that infants can represent, extract, and generalize abstract algebraic rules.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, 10523181}, }
@article{sinclair_language_1998, title = {Language {Independent} {Statistical} {Software} for {Corpus} {Exploration}}, volume = {31}, shorttitle = {Language {Independent} {Statistical} {Software}}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/54640778?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, number = {3}, journal = {Computers and the Humanities}, author = {Sinclair, John and Mason, Oliver and Ball, Jackie and Barnbrook, Geoff}, year = {1998}, note = {Update - 199801; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, English language Modern, Linguistics, collocation, concordance, lexicology, phraseology, statistical approach}, pages = {229--255} }
@article{ title = {Factors affecting population variation in eastern Adriatic isolates (Croatia)}, type = {article}, year = {1998}, identifiers = {[object Object]}, keywords = {*Genetics, Population,*Population Dynamics,Anthropometry,Croatia,Family Characteristics,Female,Human,Linguistics,Male,Phenotype,Support, Non-U.S. Gov't,Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.}, pages = {845-64.}, volume = {70}, id = {cdbc4ebb-df76-32b2-a776-cb79c25f47cc}, created = {2017-06-19T13:45:43.938Z}, file_attached = {false}, profile_id = {de68dde1-2ff3-3a4e-a214-ef424d0c7646}, group_id = {b2078731-0913-33b9-8902-a53629a24e83}, last_modified = {2017-06-19T13:45:44.064Z}, tags = {02/02/13}, read = {false}, starred = {false}, authored = {false}, confirmed = {true}, hidden = {false}, source_type = {Journal Article}, notes = {<m:note>eng<m:linebreak/>Journal Article</m:note>}, abstract = {Inhabitants of the Croatian islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and the Peljesac Peninsula have been the subject of extensive previous studies of local population differentiation. Most of these studies used biological and ecological variables, but some also considered historical and sociological factors. In this study we use genetic, morphological, kinship, and language distance data, collected for individuals from 26 rural communities on the islands of Brac, Hvar, Korcula, and the Peljesac Peninsula in the Adriatic, to further explore the interaction of historical, sociological, and biological factors in small populations and to test the significance of some of these proposed causes. First, we use matrix correlation methods to evaluate the relationships among different types of distance measures. The specific measures of genetic distance used here do not correlate well with other measures of population distance, and it appears that for the studied genetic systems the populations are not strongly differentiated. As expected, kinship and language distances have a high degree of association. Morphological differences among populations seem to be more closely tied to kinship distances than to genetic distances. This may result from modification of some morphological features by environmental rather than genetic factors, or it may be attributed to extensive, selective, nonrandom emigration of the population during the first decade of the twentieth century. In the second part of our analysis we use matrix correlation methods to evaluate and possibly identify the external factors that have contributed to the population differences. Specifically, we use design matrices to test hypotheses that population differences can be explained by one of the following factors: geographic isolation on the islands and peninsula, distance from the mainland, geographic barriers within the islands and peninsula, and the historical factors that differentially affected the three islands and the peninsula. Most of these design matrices reflect geographic distances; although correlations between morphological variables and simple geographic distance between localities were not significant, correlations between these localities and a design matrix incorporating geographic distance along with geographic barriers, such as bodies of water and mountain ranges, are particularly important for explaining distances among kin. Design matrices provide an important tool for quantifying the relationship between historical and geographic factors, and measures of population distance.}, bibtype = {article}, author = {Waddle, D M and Sokal, R R and Rudan, P}, journal = {Hum Biol}, number = {5} }
@book{newmeyer_language_1998, address = {Cambridge, Mass}, series = {Language, speech, and communication}, title = {Language form and language function}, isbn = {978-0-262-14064-5}, publisher = {MIT Press}, author = {Newmeyer, Frederick J.}, year = {1998}, keywords = {Formalization (Linguistics), Functionalism (Linguistics), Linguistic analysis (Linguistics), Linguistics, Methodology}, }
@Article{Heil1998, author = {P Heil and DR Irvine}, journal = {J Neurophysiol}, title = {auditory cortex: {R}esponses to frequency-modulated stimuli in the cat's posterior auditory field.}, year = {1998}, number = {6}, pages = {3041-59}, volume = {79}, abstract = {The mammalian auditory cortex contains multiple fields but their functional role is poorly understood. Here we examine the responses of single neurons in the posterior auditory field (P) of barbiturate- and ketamine-anesthetized cats to frequency-modulated (FM) sweeps. FM sweeps traversed the excitatory response area of the neuron under study, and FM direction and the linear rate of change of frequency (RCF) were varied systematically. In some neurons, sweeps of different sound pressure levels (SPLs) also were tested. The response magnitude (number of spikes corrected for spontaneous activity) of nearly all field P neurons varied with RCF. RCF response functions displayed a variety of shapes, but most functions were of low-pass characteristic or peaked at rather low RCFs (<100 kHz/s). Neurons with strong responses to high RCFs (high-pass or nonselective RCF response function characteristics) all displayed spike count-SPL functions to tone burst onsets that were monotonic or weakly nonmonotonic. RCF response functions and best RCFs often changed with SPL. For most neurons, FM directional sensitivity, quantified by a directional sensitivity (DS) index, also varied with RCF and SPL, but the mean and width of the distribution of DS indices across all neurons was independent of RCF. Analysis of response timing revealed that the phasic response of a neuron is triggered when the instantaneous frequency of the sweep reaches a particular value, the effective Fi. For a given neuron, values of effective Fi were independent of RCF, but depended on FM direction and SPL and were associated closely with the boundaries of the neuron's frequency versus amplitude response area. The standard deviation (SD) of the latency of the first spike of the response decreased with RCF. When SD was expressed relative to the rate of change of stimulus frequency, the resulting index of frequency jitter increased with RCF and did so rather uniformly in all neurons and largely independent of SPL. These properties suggest that many FM parameters are represented by, and may be encoded in, orderly temporal patterns across different neurons in addition to the strength of responses. When compared with neurons in primary and anterior auditory fields, field P neurons respond better to relatively slow FMs. Together with previous studies of responses to modulations of amplitude, such as tone onsets, our findings suggest more generally that field P may be best suited for processing signals that vary relatively slowly over time.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, 9636107}, }
@book{instituto_cervantes_catalogo_1997, Address = {Alcalá de Henares}, Author = {{Instituto Cervantes}}, Date = {1997}, Date-Modified = {2017-12-10 11:55:43 +0000}, Keywords = {CALL, ELE, L2, linguistics}, Publisher = {Instituto Cervantes}, Title = {Catálogo de materiales informáticos para el aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera}, Year = {1997}}
@Article{Kitzes1996, author = {LM Kitzes and GS Hollrigel}, journal = {Hear Res}, title = {Response properties of units in the posterior auditory field deprived of input from the ipsilateral primary auditory cortex.}, year = {1996}, note = {as cited in \citeNP{Heil1998}}, number = {1-2}, pages = {120-30}, volume = {100}, abstract = {The influence of the ipsilateral primary auditory field (AI) on the response properties of neurons in the posterior auditory field (Field P) was examined in three cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Rate/level functions were obtained, by extracellular recording, from single units in Field P before (n = 38) and after (n = 50) subpial aspiration of AI. The ablations were primarily confined to the medial ectosylvian gyrus, although in one case extended into the high-frequency portion of the anterior auditory field. Comparisons between the behavior of units isolated before and after AI ablation failed to demonstrate any changes in the response properties of neurons in Field P attributable to the ablation. Nonmonotonic response profiles, first spike latency, variability in latency, threshold and maximal discharge rates of the units to acoustic stimuli were not significantly altered by the AI ablation. These results indicate that the basic response properties of neurons in Field P do not depend on input from the ipsilateral AI. This suggests that these properties are most likely determined by thalamic input or by circuitry within Field P.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, 8922986}, }
@book{schutze_empirical_1996, address = {Chicago}, title = {The empirical base of linguistics: {Grammaticality} judgments and linguistic methodology}, isbn = {978-0-226-74154-3}, shorttitle = {The empirical base of linguistics}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, author = {Schütze, Carson T.}, year = {1996}, keywords = {Grammaticality (Linguistics), Linguistics, Methodology} }
@incollection{van_dijk_discourse_1996, address = {London}, title = {Discourse, {Power} and {Access}}, isbn = {9780415121422 (hbk.); 9780415121439 (pbk.)}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742106254?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, booktitle = {Texts and {Practices}: {Readings} in {Critical} {Discourse} {Analysis}}, publisher = {Routledge}, author = {van Dijk, Teun A.}, editor = {Caldas-Coulthard, Carmen R. and Coulthard, Malcolm}, year = {1996}, note = {00558 Update - 199601; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, language, newspaper language, power, racism, speech registers}, pages = {84--104} }
@Article{Hochhaus1996, author = {Larry Hochhaus and James C Johnston}, journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform}, title = {Perceptual repetition blindness effects.}, year = {1996}, number = {2}, pages = {355-66}, volume = {22}, abstract = {Repetition blindness (RB) may reveal a new limitation on human perceptual processing. Recently, however, researchers have attributed RB to postperceptual processes. The standard rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm used in most RB studies is open to such objections. The "single-frame" paradigm introduced by J. C. Johnston and B. L. Hale (1984) allowed investigation of RB with minimal memory demands. Participants made a judgment about whether 1 masked target word was the same or different than a posttarget probe. Confidence ratings permitted use of signal detection methods. In the critical condition for RB, a precue of the posttarget word was provided prior to the target stimulus so that the required judgment amounted to whether the target did or did not repeat the precue word. In control treatments, the precue was an unrelated word or a dummy. Results showed that perceptual sensitivity was significantly reduced in the RB condition relative to baseline control conditions. The data showed that RB can be obtained under conditions in which memory problems are minimal and perceptual sensitivity is assessed independently of biases. RB therefore can be a perceptual phenomenon.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, 8934849}, }
@Article{Kanwisher1996, author = {NG Kanwisher and JW Kim and TD Wickens}, journal = {J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform}, title = {Signal detection analyses of repetition blindness.}, year = {1996}, number = {5}, pages = {1249-60}, volume = {22}, abstract = {Three experiments used a signal detection model to demonstrate that repetition blindness (N. Kanwisher, 1987) reflects a reduction in sensitivity (d') for the detection of repeated compared with unrepeated visual targets. In experiment 1, repetition blindness (RB) was found for rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) letter sequences, whether the visual targets were specified by category membership (vowels) or as 1 of 2 prespecified letters (e.g., A or O). In Experiment 2, RB was found to a similar degree even when the Ist critical item was displayed for twice as long as the other list items, although overall performance was considerably improved. Experiment 3 found RB for displays containing just 2 simultaneously presented letters. These results support Kanwisher's (1987) account of RB as a genuine perceptual effect, and rule out alternative accounts of RB as the result of response bias, output interference, or guessing biases.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), 8865620}, }
@Article{Kanwisher1995, author = {N Kanwisher and J Driver and L Machado}, journal = {Cognit Psychol}, title = {Spatial repetition blindness is modulated by selective attention to color or shape.}, year = {1995}, number = {3}, pages = {303-37}, volume = {29}, abstract = {Subjects reported either the colors or shapes of two simultaneous masked letters. Our first study found that they were less accurate when the reported features were identical ("repetition blindness," or RB), while repetition along the unreported dimension had no effect. Three follow-up studies confirmed that when the same dimension was judged (overtly or covertly) for both stimuli, performance was only affected by repetition along that dimension. However, when different dimensions were judged for the two stimuli, performance was affected by repetition on both dimensions. These findings support new conclusions about both RB and visual attention. First, RB depends critically on visual attention, rather than simply on the stimulus presented or the overt response required. Second, while attention can be restricted to a single visual dimension, this is efficient only when the same dimension is selected for both objects. Selecting the color of one object and the shape of another simultaneous object results in both dimensions being accessed for both objects.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, 8556848}, }
@Article{Bavelier1994, author = {D Bavelier}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Repetition blindness between visually different items: {T}he case of pictures and words.}, year = {1994}, number = {3}, pages = {199-236}, volume = {51}, abstract = {Repetition blindness (RB) is the failure to see or recall the second of two visually similar or identical items in rapid serial visual presentation. It was initially demonstrated by Kanwisher (1987), who proposed that a second token of a given word or object type cannot be established when the two items occur close in time. Bavelier and Potter (1992) showed that RB also occurs between visually different items that are phonologically similar. They proposed that RB may occur not only when the targets are physically similar, but also when they have to be registered or encoded in short-term memory (STM) along dimensions on which they are similar. This hypothesis predicts that RB between visually different items should not be restricted to words, but should occur with any stimuli, as long as the task requires these stimuli to be encoded along dimensions on which they are similar. Moreover, it also implies that a task that changes the preferred code of targets will affect the size of RB. The first prediction was confirmed by establishing RB between phonologically similar pictures and words, whether semantically related (the picture of a cat and the word "cat") or not (the picture of a sun and the word "son"), when using a task that requires phonological encoding (Experiments 1 and 2). The second prediction was also supported: the magnitude of RB depended on whether the task required similar or different codes for pictures and words (Experiments 3 and 4). These experiments confirm that RB between visually different items is due to the similarity of the codes initially used in STM. The results suggest that RB can occur at any step during the instantiation of a token, arising not only from a failure to create a new token, but also from a failure to stabilize an opened token. In this view, tokens are to be seen as dynamical entities, built over time as a function of type activation and task requirements, and varying in stability as a function of the information that is entered into them.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, 8194301}, }
@book{sinclair_techniques_1993, address = {London}, title = {Techniques of {Description}: {Spoken} and {Written} {Discourse}}, isbn = {978-0-415-08805-3}, shorttitle = {Techniques of {Description}}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742060350?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, publisher = {Routledge}, author = {Sinclair, John M. and Hoey, Michael and Fox, Gwyneth}, year = {1993}, note = {Update - 199301; SuppNotes - Festschrift for Malcolm Coulthard; Incl. introd; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {American literature, CBLTE, Coulthard, English language Modern, English literature, Linguistics, Malcolm, Syntax, description, festschrift, stylistics} }
@Article{Shamma1993, author = {SA Shamma and JW Fleshman and PR Wiser and H Versnel}, journal = {J Neurophysiol}, title = {Organization of response areas in ferret primary auditory cortex.}, year = {1993}, number = {2}, pages = {367-83}, volume = {69}, abstract = {1. We studied the topographic organization of the response areas obtained from single- and multiunit recordings along the isofrequency planes of the primary auditory cortex in the barbiturate-anesthetized ferret. 2. Using a two-tone stimulus, we determined the excitatory and inhibitory portions of the response areas and then parameterized them in terms of an asymmetry index. The index measures the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences around the best frequency (BF). 3. The sensitivity of responses to the direction of a frequency-modulated (FM) tone was tested and found to correlate strongly with the asymmetry index of the response areas. Specifically, cells with strong inhibition from frequencies above the BF preferred upward sweeps, and those from frequencies below the BF preferred downward sweeps. 4. Responses to spectrally shaped noise were also consistent with the asymmetry of the response areas. For instance, cells that were strongly inhibited by frequencies higher than the BF responded best to stimuli that contained least spectral energy above the BF, i.e., stimuli with the opposite asymmetry. 5. Columnar organization of the response area types was demonstrated in 66 single units from 16 penetrations. Consistent with this finding, it was also shown that response area asymmetry measured from recordings of a cluster of cells corresponded closely with those measured from its single-unit constituents. Thus, in a local region, most cells exhibited similar response area types and other response features, e.g., FM directional sensitivity. 6. The distribution of the asymmetry index values along the isofrequency planes revealed systematic changes in the symmetry of the response areas. At the center, response areas with narrow and symmetric inhibitory sidebands predominated. These gave way to asymmetric inhibition, with high-frequency inhibition (relative to the BF) becoming more effective caudally and low-frequency inhibition more effective rostrally. These response types tended to cluster along repeated bands that paralleled the tonotopic axis. 7. Response features that correlated with the response area types were also mapped along the isofrequency planes. Thus, in four animals, a map of FM directional sensitivity was shown to be superimposed on the response area map. Similarly, it was demonstrated in six animals that the spectral gradient of the most effective noise stimulus varied systematically along the isofrequency planes. 8. One functional implication of the response area organization is that cortical responses encode the locally averaged gradient of the acoustic spectrum by their differential distribution along the isofrequency planes. This enhances the representation of such features as the symmetry of spectral peaks and edges and the spectral envelope.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, Sensory Thresholds, Sound, Language Disorders, Preschool, Generalization (Psychology), Vocabulary, Biophysics, Nerve Net, Potassium Channels, Sodium Channels, Cues, Differential Threshold, Arousal, Newborn, Sucking Behavior, Ferrets, Microelectrodes, 8459273}, }
@book{nida_lexical_1992, address = {Atlanta}, series = {Resources for {Biblical} {Study}}, title = {Lexical {Semantics} of the {Greek} {New} {Testament}: {A} {Supplement} to the {Greek}-{English} {Lexicon} of the {New} {Testament} {Based} on {Semantic} {Domains}}, shorttitle = {Lexical {Semantics}}, number = {25}, publisher = {Scholars}, author = {Nida, Eugene A. and Louw, Johannes P.}, year = {1992}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, New Testament} }
@incollection{sinclair_priorities_1992, address = {London}, title = {Priorities in {Discourse} {Analysis}}, isbn = {9780415066860; 9780415066877 (pbk.)}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/742030087?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, booktitle = {Advances in {Spoken} {Discourse} {Analysis}}, publisher = {Routledge}, author = {Sinclair, John}, editor = {Coulthard, Malcolm}, year = {1992}, note = {00101 Update - 199401; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, English language Modern, Linguistics, feedback, pragmatics, turn-taking}, pages = {79--88} }
@Article{Clahsen1992, author = {Clahsen, Harald and Aveledo, Fraibet and Roca, Iggy}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Regular and irregular inflection in the acquisition of {G}erman noun plurals.}, year = {1992}, number = {3}, pages = {225-55}, volume = {45}, abstract = {In this paper we study the acquisition of German noun plurals in relation to the question of how children represent regular and irregular inflection. Pinker and Prince (1992) have demonstrated several dissociations between regular and irregular inflection in the English past tense system. However, in English, the default status of -ed is confounded with its high frequency; therefore inflectional systems other than English past tense formation must be examined. The noun plural system in German is particularly interesting, because most nouns have irregular plurals in German and the regular (default) plural is less frequent than several of the irregular plurals. Thus it is unclear how a language learner determines whether German even has a regular plural, and if so what form it takes. Based on longitudinal data from impaired and unimpaired monolingual German-speaking children, we find a striking, statistically significant correlation: plural affixes that are used in overregularizations, namely -n or -s, are left out within compounds. This correlation shows that even impaired children are sensitive to the distinction between regular and irregular morphology. We propose a linguistic analysis of the correlation in terms of Kiparsky's (1982, 1985) level-ordering model plus an additional ordering condition on affixes: default (regular) affixes cannot serve as input to compounding processes.}, keywords = {Child, Child Language, Preschool, Comparative Study, Female, Germany, Human, Language, Language Development, Language Development Disorders, Language Tests, Learning, Linguistics, Male, Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S., Verbal Behavior, Vocabulary, 1490323}, }
@book{aitchison_language_1991, address = {New York}, edition = {2nd edition}, title = {Language change: {Progress} or decay?}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Aitchison, Jean}, year = {1991}, keywords = {\#duplicate-citation-key} }
@Article{Liegeois-Chauvel1991, author = {C Liegeois-Chauvel and A Musolino and P Chauvel}, journal = {Brain}, title = {Localization of the primary auditory area in man.}, year = {1991}, pages = {139-51}, volume = {114 ( Pt 1A)}, abstract = {The localization of the primary auditory cortex in man was studied by direct recordings in 150 different sites in the superior transverse gyrus, especially in Heschl's gyrus and the planum temporale. The distribution of the primary evoked responses (N13/P17/N26) was studied in 15 epileptic patients who were candidates for surgical treatment. Precise topography of recording sites was determined stereotactically. Our results provide evidence for considering only a restricted portion of Heschl's gyrus (its posteromedial part) as the primary auditory area.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, 1900211}, }
@Article{MacWhinney1991, author = {B MacWhinney and J Leinbach}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Implementations are not conceptualizations: {R}evising the verb learning model.}, year = {1991}, number = {1-2}, pages = {121-57}, volume = {40}, abstract = {In a recent issue of this journal, Pinker and Prince (1988) and Lachter and Bever (1988) presented detailed critiques of Rumelhart and McClelland's (1986) connectionist model of the child's learning of the phonological form of the English past tense. In order to address these criticisms, a new connectionist model was constructed using the back-propagation algorithm, a larger input corpus, a fuller paradigm, and a new phonological representation. This new implementation successfully addressed the criticisms of the phonological representation used by Rumelhart and McClelland. It did a much better job of learning the past tense using a fuller input set with realistic frequencies of occurrence. Ancillary simulations using the same network were able to deal with the homonymy problem and the generation of forms like "ated" from "ate". The one feature not provided by the new model was a way of modeling early correct production of irregular forms. The success of the new model can be used to help clarify the extent to which the published critiques apply to a particular connectionist implementation as opposed to fundamental principles underlying the broader connectionist conceptualization.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, 1786671}, }
@Article{McLean1989, author = {J McLean and LA Palmer}, journal = {Vision Res}, title = {Contribution of linear spatiotemporal receptive field structure to velocity selectivity of simple cells in area 17 of cat.}, year = {1989}, number = {6}, pages = {675-9}, volume = {29}, abstract = {We have examined the spatiotemporal structure of simple receptive fields in the cat's striate cortex by cross-correlating their spike trains with an ensemble of stimuli consisting of stationary bright and dark spots whose position was randomized on each 50 msec frame. Receptive fields were found to be either separable or inseparable in space-time and responses to moving stimuli were predicted from the spatiotemporal structure of the cell under study. Most simple cells with separable spatiotemporal receptive fields were not direction selective. All simple cells with inseparable spatiotemporal receptive fields were found to prefer movement in one direction. The optimal speed and direction were estimable from the slope of individual subregions observed in the space-time plane. The results are consistent with a linear model for direction selectivity.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, 2626824}, }
@ARTICLE{Bock1989, author = {K Bock}, title = {Closed-class immanence in sentence production.}, journal = {Cognition}, year = {1989}, volume = {31}, pages = {163-86}, number = {2}, abstract = {The closed-class hypothesis asserts that function words play a privileged role in syntactic processes. In language production, the claim is that such words are intrinsic to, identified with, or immanent in phrasal skeletons. Two experiments tested this hypothesis with a syntactic priming procedure. In both, subjects tended to produce utterances in the same syntactic forms as priming sentences, with the structures of the self-generated sentences varying as a function of differences in the structures of the primes. Changes in the closed-class elements of the priming sentences had no effect on this tendency over and above the impact of the structural changes. These results suggest that free-standing closed-class morphemes are not inherent components of the structural frames of English sentences.}, keywords = {Cues, Human, Linguistics, Models, Psychological, Phonetics, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Vocabulary, 2721134} }
@book{milner_introduction_1989, address = {Paris}, series = {Des travaux}, title = {Introduction à une science du langage}, isbn = {978-2-02-010917-8}, publisher = {Editions du Seuil}, author = {Milner, Jean Claude}, year = {1989}, keywords = {Language and languages, Linguistics}, }
@article{nida_editing_1988, title = {Editing {Translated} {Texts}}, volume = {4}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/55295324?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, journal = {Text: Transactions of the Society for Textual Scholarship}, author = {Nida, Eugene A.}, year = {1988}, note = {Update - 198901; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, Translation, bibliographical, textual criticism, textual editing}, pages = {13--27} }
@Article{RB-Original, author = {Kanwisher, NG}, journal = {Cognition}, title = {Repetition blindness: {T}ype recognition without token individuation.}, year = {1987}, number = {2}, pages = {117-43}, volume = {27}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, 3691023}, }
@Article{Phillips1985, author = {DP Phillips and JR Mendelson and MS Cynader and RM Douglas}, journal = {Exp Brain Res}, title = {Responses of single neurones in cat auditory cortex to time-varying stimuli: {F}requency-modulated tones of narrow excursion.}, year = {1985}, number = {3}, pages = {443-54}, volume = {58}, abstract = {In the primary auditory cortex of cats anaesthetized with nitrous oxide, single neurones were examined with respect to their responses to tone bursts and linear modulations of the frequency of an on-going continuous tone. Using FM ramps of 2.0 kHz excursion and varying centre frequency, each of 39 neurones was examined for its preference for the direction of frequency change of a ramp whose centre frequency was varied in and around the neurone's response area. Direction preference was strictly associated with the slopes of the cell's spike count-versus-frequency function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. Preferences for upward- and downward-directed ramps were associated with the low- and high-frequency slopes of the spike count function, respectively. The strength of the cell's direction preference was associated with the relative steepness of the spike count function over the frequency range covered by the ramp. The timing of discharges elicited by the frequency modulations was found to be the sum of the cell's latent period for tone bursts plus the time after ramp onset that the stimulus frequency fell within the neurone's response area. The implications of these data for the processing of narrow and broad frequency-modulated ramps are discussed.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, Neural Conduction, 4007088}, }
@Article{Phillips1984, author = {DP Phillips and SS Orman}, journal = {J Neurophysiol}, title = {Responses of single neurons in posterior field of cat auditory cortex to tonal stimulation.}, year = {1984}, note = {as cited by \citeNP{Heil1998}}, number = {1}, pages = {147-63}, volume = {51}, abstract = {In the auditory cortex of barbiturate-anesthetized cats, the posterior auditory field (field P) was identified by its tonotopic organization, and single neurons in that field were studied quantitatively for their sensitivity to the frequency and intensity of tonal stimuli presented via calibrated, sealed stimulating systems. Field P neurons had narrow, V-shaped, threshold frequency tuning curves. At suprathreshold levels, spike counts were generally greatest at frequencies at or close to the neuron's threshold best frequency (BF). Eighty-six percent of posterior-field neurons displayed spike counts that were a nonmonotonic function of the intensity of a BF tone. Of these, over 90\% showed at least a 50\% reduction in spike count at high stimulus levels, and almost 20\% of nonmonotonic cells ceased responding entirely at high stimulus intensities. The nonmonotonic shape of spike count-versus-intensity profiles was typically preserved across the range of frequencies to which any given neuron was responsive. For some neurons, this had the consequence of generating a completely circumscribed frequency-intensity response area. That is, these neurons responded to a tonal stimulus only if the stimulus was within a restricted range of both frequency and intensity. These response areas showed internal organizations that appeared to reflect one or both of two processes. For some neurons, the optimal sound pressure level for spike counts varied with tone frequency, roughly paralleling the threshold tuning curve. For other neurons, the optimal sound pressure level tended to be constant across frequency despite threshold variations of up to 20 dB. The minimum response latencies of posterior-field neurons were generally in the range of 20-50 ms, while cells in the primary auditory cortex (AI) in the same animals generally had minimum latent periods of less than 20 ms. Comparison of these data with those previously presented for neurons in two other cortical auditory fields suggests that the cat's auditory cortex might show an interfield segregation of neurons according to their coding properties.}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, Intelligence, Macaca fascicularis, Adoption, Critical Period (Psychology), France, Korea, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multilingualism, Auditory Pathways, Cochlear Nerve, Loudness Perception, 6693932}, }
@Article{Savage-Rumbaugh1980, author = {E. S. Savage-Rumbaugh and D. M. Rumbaugh and S. T. Smith and J. Lawson}, journal = {Science}, title = {Reference: the linguistic essential.}, year = {1980}, number = {4472}, pages = {922-5}, volume = {210}, abstract = {Three chimpanzees learned to label three edibles as "foods" and three inedibles as "tools". Two chimpanzees could then similarly categorize numerous objects during blind trial 1 tests when shown only objects' names. The language-like skills of the chimpanzee who failed (Lana) illustrates that apes can use symbols in ways that emulate human usage without comprehending their representational function.}, keywords = {Animal Communication, Animals, Association, Learning, Linguistics, Pan troglodytes, 7434008}, }
@Article{MMN-Original, author = {N\"{a}\"{a}t\"{a}nen, R and Gaillard, AW and M\"{a}ntysalo, S}, journal = {Acta Psychol (Amst)}, title = {Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted.}, year = {1978}, number = {4}, pages = {313-29}, volume = {42}, keywords = {Computing Methodologies, Human, Language, Learning, Mental Processes, Models, Theoretical, Stochastic Processes, Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Cognition, Linguistics, Neural Networks (Computer), Practice (Psychology), Non-U.S. Gov't, Memory, Psychological, Task Performance and Analysis, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Male, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Reading, Concept Formation, Form Perception, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Shrews, P.H.S., Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways, Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Auditory Perception, Cochlea, Ear, Gerbillinae, Glycine, Hearing, Neurons, Space Perception, Strychnine, Adolescent, Decision Making, Reaction Time, Astrocytoma, Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Evoked Potentials, Frontal Lobe, Noise, Parietal Lobe, Scalp, Child, Language Development, Psycholinguistics, Brain, Perception, Speech, Vocalization, Animal, Discrimination (Psychology), Hippocampus, Rats, Calcium, Chelating Agents, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Glutamic Acid, Guanosine Diphosphate, In Vitro, Neuronal Plasticity, Pyramidal Cells, Receptors, AMPA, Metabotropic Glutamate, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Somatosensory Cortex, Synapses, Synaptic Transmission, Thionucleotides, Action Potentials, Calcium Channels, L-Type, Electric Conductivity, Entorhinal Cortex, Neurological, Long-Evans, Infant, Mathematics, Statistics, Probability Learning, Problem Solving, Psychophysics, Association Learning, Child Psychology, Habituation (Psychophysiology), Probability Theory, Analysis of Variance, Semantics, Symbolism, Behavior, Eye Movements, Macaca mulatta, Prefrontal Cortex, Cats, Dogs, Haplorhini, Photic Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Nervous System Physiology, Darkness, Grasshoppers, Light, Membrane Potentials, Neural Inhibition, Afferent, Picrotoxin, Vision, Deoxyglucose, Injections, Microspheres, Neural Pathways, Rhodamines, Choice Behavior, Speech Perception, Verbal Learning, Dominance, Cerebral, Fixation, Ocular, Language Tests, Random Allocation, Comparative Study, Saguinus, Sound Spectrography, Species Specificity, Audiometry, Auditory Threshold, Calibration, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Anesthesia, General, Electrodes, Implanted, Pitch Perception, Sound Localization, Paired-Associate Learning, Serial Learning, Auditory, Age Factors, Motion Perception, Brain Injuries, Computer Simulation, Blindness, Psychomotor Performance, Color Perception, Signal Detection (Psychology), Judgment, ROC Curve, Regression Analysis, Music, Probability, Arm, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemiplegia, Movement, Muscle, Skeletal, Myoclonus, Robotics, Magnetoencephalography, Phonetics, Software, Speech Production Measurement, Epilepsies, Partial, Laterality, Stereotaxic Techniques, Germany, Speech Acoustics, Verbal Behavior, Child Development, Instinct, Brain Stem, Coma, Diagnosis, Differential, Hearing Disorders, Hearing Loss, Central, Neuroma, Acoustic, Dendrites, Down-Regulation, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Wistar, Up-Regulation, Aged, Aphasia, Middle Aged, Cones (Retina), Primates, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tympanic Membrane, Cell Communication, Extremities, Biological, Motor Activity, Rana catesbeiana, Spinal Cord, Central Nervous System, Motion, Motor Cortex, 685709}, }
@incollection{nida_analysis_1975, title = {Analysis of {Meaning} and {Dictionary} {Making}}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/53991689?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, publisher = {Stanford UP}, author = {Nida, Eugene A.}, editor = {Dil, Anwar S.}, year = {1975}, note = {Update - 197501; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, language, lexicography, lexicology}, pages = {1--23} }
@incollection{nida_implications_1975, address = {Stanford, CA}, title = {Implications of {Contemporary} {Linguistics} for {Biblical} {Scholarship}}, shorttitle = {Implications of {Contemporary} {Linguistics}}, language = {English}, booktitle = {Language {Structure} and {Translation}: {Essays} by {Eugene} {A}. {Nida}}, publisher = {Stanford University Press}, author = {Nida, Eugene A.}, editor = {Dil, Anwar S.}, year = {1975}, note = {Update - 197501; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, language}, pages = {248--270} }
@incollection{TMS:FRAEIA, author = {van Fraassen, Bas C}, year = {1973}, title = {Extension, Intension, and Comprehension}, booktitle = {Logic and Ontology}, pages = {101--131}, editor = {Kunitz, Milton Karl}, publisher = {New York University Press}, address = {New York, NY}, keywords = {precursor, linguistics, inexact truthmakers, exact truthmakers}, }
@incollection{anderson_back_1973, address = {New York}, title = {[back] and [round]}, isbn = {978-0-03-086595-4}, booktitle = {A {Festschrift} for {Morris} {Halle}}, publisher = {Holt, Rinehart and Winston}, author = {Schane, Sanford A.}, editor = {Anderson, Stephen R. and Kiparsky, Paul}, year = {1973}, keywords = {Bibliography, Halle, Morris, Linguistics}, pages = {174--185}, }
@article{hawkins_syntactic_1971, Author = {Hawkins, Peter R}, Date = {1971}, Date-Modified = {2018-07-20 08:07:07 +0000}, Journal = {Language and Speech}, Keywords = {descriptive, disfluencies, L1 acquisition, linguistics, pause location, pauses, phonetics, prosody, speaking styles, spontaneous speech, syntax, temporal factors, L1}, Number = {3}, Pages = {277--288}, Title = {The syntactic location of hesitation pauses}, Volume = {14}, Year = {1971}, Abstract = {Spontaneous narrative speech was obtained from 48 children by asking them to make up a story. A grammatical analysis of the hesitation pauses was carried out. Two-thirds of all the pauses, and three-quarters of the pause-time, was found to occur at boundaries between clauses. Pauses occasioned by lexical items occurred more frequently at a group boundary than within the group. It is suggested that the high frequency of clause-boundary pausing is a function of (a) the speech situation and (b) the range of options confronting the speaker at the beginning of a clause.}, Bdsk-File-1 = {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}}
@incollection{nida_semantic_1971, address = {London}, title = {Semantic {Components} in {Translation} {Theory}}, language = {English}, booktitle = {Applications of {Linguistics}: {Selected} {Papers} of the {Second} {International} {Congress} of {Applied} {Linguistics}, {Cambridge} 1969}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Nida, Eugene A.}, editor = {Perren, G. E. and Trim, J. L. M.}, year = {1971}, note = {Update - 197201; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, Translation, language, semantics}, pages = {341--348} }
@ARTICLE{Fodor1965, author = {Fodor, J. A. and Bever, T. G.}, title = {The psychological reality of linguistic segments.}, journal = {J V Learn Verb Beha}, year = {1965}, volume = {4}, pages = {414--420}, number = {5}, abstract = {Experimentation with the subjective location of clicks heard during speech supports the following conclusions: (1) Clicks are attracted towards the nearest major syntactic boundaries in sentential material. (2) The number of correct responses is significantly higher in the case of clicks located at major segment boundaries than in the case of clicks located within segments. (3) These results are consistent with the view that the segments marked by formal constituent structure analysis in fact function as perceptual units and that the click displacement is an effect which insures the integrity of these units. (4) The distribution of acoustic pauses in the sentential material does not account for the observed distribution of errors. (5) There is a slight tendency to prepose responses to clicks in sentences. This tendency is reversed during later stages of the experimental session. Both these effects are asymmetrical for the 2 ears.}, issn = {0022-5371}, keywords = {psychological reality, linguistic segments, speech, clicks, Linguistics, Oral Communication, Psychodynamics} }
@book{nida_bible_1961, address = {London}, edition = {Reprint, New York: American Bible Society, 1947}, title = {Bible {Translating}: {An} {Analysis} of {Principles} and {Procedures}, with {Special} {Reference} to {Aboriginal} {Languages}}, shorttitle = {Bible {Translating}}, url = {http://libaccess.mcmaster.ca/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/54649336?accountid=12347}, language = {English}, publisher = {United Bible Societies}, author = {Nida, Eugene A.}, year = {1961}, note = {00006 Update - 196301; Last updated - 2016-01-11}, keywords = {CBLTE, Linguistics, Translation, literary forms} }